TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dünkelberg, Sophie
A1  - Maywald, Martina
A1  - Schmitt, Anne Kristina
A1  - Schwerdtle, Tanja
A1  - Meyer, Sören
A1  - Rink, Lothar
T1  - The interaction of sodium and zinc in the priming of T cell subpopulations regarding Th17 and Treg cells
JF  - Molecular nutrition & food research : bioactivity, chemistry, immunology, microbiology, safety, technology
N2  - Scope:
Nutrition is a critical determinant of a functional immune system. The aim of this study is to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which immune cells are influenced by zinc and sodium.

Methods and Results:
 Mixed lymphocyte cultures and Jurkat cells are generated and incubated with zinc, sodium, or a combination of both for further tests. Zinc induces the number of regulatory T cells (Treg) and decreases T helper 17 cells (Th17), and sodium has the opposite effect. The transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway is also enhanced by zinc and reduced by sodium as indicated by contrary phosphoSmad 2/3 induction. Antagonistic effects can also be seen on zinc transporter and metallothionein-1 (MT-1) mRNA expression: zinc declines Zip10 mRNA expression while sodium induces it, whereas MT-1 mRNA expression is induced by zinc while it is reduced by sodium. 

Conclusion:
This data indicate that zinc and sodium display opposite effects regarding Treg and Th17 induction in MLC, respectively, resulting in a contrary effect on the immune system. Additionally, it reveals a direct interaction of zinc and sodium in the priming of T cell subpopulations and shows that Zip10 and MT-1 play a significant role in those differentiation pathways.
KW  - Foxp3
KW  - regulatory T cells
KW  - sodium
KW  - T helper 17 cells
KW  - zinc
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201900245
SN  - 1613-4133
VL  - 64
IS  - 2
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  -