TY  - JOUR
A1  - Baumann, Julian
A1  - Kritikos, Alexander
T1  - The link between R&D, innovation and productivity: Are micro firms different?
JF  - Research Policy
N2  - We analyze the link between R&D, innovation, and productivity in MSMEs with a special focus on micro firms with fewer than 10 employees; usually constituting the majority of firms in industrialized economies. Using the German KfW SME-panel, we examine to what extent micro firms are different from other firms in terms of innovativeness. We find that while firms engage in innovative activities with smaller probability, the smaller they are, for those firms that do make such investment, R&D intensity is larger the smaller firms are. For all MSMEs, the predicted R&D intensity is positively correlated with the probability of reporting innovation, with a larger effect size for product than for process innovations. Moreover, micro firms benefit in a comparable way from innovation processes as larger firms, as they are similarly able to increase their labor productivity. Overall, the link between R&D, innovation, and productivity in micro firms does not largely differ from their larger counterparts. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KW  - MSMEs
KW  - R&D
KW  - Innovation
KW  - Productivity
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2016.03.008
SN  - 0048-7333
SN  - 1873-7625
VL  - 45
SP  - 1263
EP  - 1274
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kritikos, Alexander
A1  - Tan, Jonathan H. W.
T1  - Influence in the face of impunity
JF  - Economics letters
N2  - We compare dictator and impunity games. In impunity games, responders can reject offers but to no payoff consequence to proposers. Because proposers act under impunity, we should expect the same behavior across games, but experimentally observed behavior varies. Responders indeed exercise the rejection option. This threat psychologically influences proposers. Some proposers avoid rejection by offering nothing. Others raise offers, but only when they receive feedback from responders. Responders lose this influence in the absence of feedback. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KW  - Dictator
KW  - Impunity
KW  - Experiment
KW  - Psychological influence
KW  - Guilt
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2016.02.020
SN  - 0165-1765
SN  - 1873-7374
VL  - 141
SP  - 119
EP  - 121
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Lausanne
ER  -