TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hovi, Jon
A1  - Sprinz, Detlef F.
A1  - Saelen, Håkon
A1  - Underdal, Arild
T1  - The Club Approach: A Gateway to Effective Climate Co-operation?
JF  - British Journal of Political Science
N2  - Although the Paris Agreement arguably made some progress, interest in supplementary approaches to climate change co-operation persist. This article examines the conditions under which a climate club might emerge and grow. Using agent-based simulations, it shows that even with less than a handful of major actors as initial members, a club can eventually reduce global emissions effectively. To succeed, a club must be initiated by the ‘right’ constellation of enthusiastic actors, offer sufficiently large incentives for reluctant countries and be reasonably unconstrained by conflicts between members over issues beyond climate change. A climate club is particularly likely to persist and grow if initiated by the United States and the European Union. The combination of club-good benefits and conditional commitments can produce broad participation under many conditions.
KW  - UNFCCC
KW  - climate change co-operation
KW  - climate clubs
KW  - club goods
KW  - conditional commitments
KW  - agent-based models
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123416000788
SN  - 0007-1234
SN  - 1469-2112
VL  - 49
IS  - 3
SP  - 1071
EP  - 1096
PB  - Cambridge University Press
CY  - New York
ER  -