TY - JOUR A1 - Chaabene, Helmi A1 - Markov, Adrian A1 - Prieske, Olaf A1 - Moran, Jason A1 - Behrens, Martin A1 - Negra, Yassine A1 - Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo A1 - Koch, Ulrike A1 - Mkaouer, Bessem T1 - Effect of flywheel versus traditional resistance training on change of direction performance in male athletes BT - a systematic review with meta-analysis JF - International journal of environmental research and public health : IJERPH N2 - Objective: This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the effect of flywheel resistance training (FRT) versus traditional resistance training (TRT) on change of direction (CoD) performance in male athletes. Methods: Five databases were screened up to December 2021. Results: Seven studies were included. The results indicated a significantly larger effect of FRT compared with TRT (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.64). A within-group comparison indicated a significant large effect of FRT on CoD performance (SMD = 1.63). For TRT, a significant moderate effect was observed (SMD = 0.62). FRT of <= 2 sessions/week resulted in a significant large effect (SMD = 1.33), whereas no significant effect was noted for >2 sessions/week. Additionally, a significant large effect of <= 12 FRT sessions (SMD = 1.83) was observed, with no effect of >12 sessions. Regarding TRT, no significant effects of any of the training factors were detected (p > 0.05). Conclusions: FRT appears to be more effective than TRT in improving CoD performance in male athletes. Independently computed single training factor analyses for FRT indicated that <= 2 sessions/week resulted in a larger effect on CoD performance than >2 sessions/week. Additionally, a total of <= 12 FRT sessions induced a larger effect than >12 training sessions. Practitioners in sports, in which accelerative and decelerative actions occur in quick succession to change direction, should regularly implement FRT. KW - human physical conditioning KW - eccentric training KW - strength training KW - athletes KW - sports KW - muscle strength Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127061 SN - 1661-7827 SN - 1660-4601 VL - 19 IS - 12 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rodrigues, Glauber Pontes A1 - Rodrigues, Ítalo Sampaio A1 - Raabe, Armin A1 - Holstein, Peter A1 - De Araujo, Josè Carlos T1 - Direct measurement of open-water evaporation BT - a newly developed sensor applied to a Brazilian tropical reservoir JF - Hydrological sciences journal N2 - This study investigates the sensitivity and uncertainty of evaporation assessment in a tropical reservoir in northeastern Brazil. For this purpose, four approaches were used: Penman, a Dalton-modified equation, a pressure meter and a novel acoustic sensor. The main objective is to evaluate whether sensors can be employed to adequately assess lake evaporation. The sensors were installed in floating pans and the equations are based on variables collected from a raft. The wind-inducted waves in the reservoir often disturbed the measurements using both pressure (uncertainty of +/- 0.6 mm) and acoustic (uncertainty of +/- 0.1 mm) sensors, causing flaws and affecting continuous monitoring. The modified Dalton model, based on data collected with a floating station, estimated values over three-hour courses of evaporation similar to those measured by the pressure meter. These findings are important contributions to an accurate monitoring of water losses through evaporation and reservoir operation, particularly in dry regions. KW - water management KW - sub-daily evaporation KW - direct measurement KW - instrumentation Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2022.2157278 SN - 0262-6667 SN - 2150-3435 VL - 68 IS - 3 SP - 379 EP - 394 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - Abingdon, Oxon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt-Wellenburg, Christian A1 - Schmitz, Andreas T1 - Divided we stand, united we fall? BT - structure and struggles of contemporary German sociology JF - International review of sociology N2 - This contribution presents an analysis of the structure and conflictual dynamics of contemporary German sociology which has recently separated into two professional societies. Using geometric data analysis, we present an empirical construction of the power/knowledge structure of the field, its paradigmatic plurality, and the various forms of sociological practices involved. KW - German sociology KW - scientific fields KW - geometric data analysis KW - class-specific analysis KW - prosopography Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/03906701.2023.2244170 SN - 0390-6701 SN - 1469-9273 VL - 33 IS - 3 SP - 512 EP - 545 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Lessmann, Kai A1 - Gruner, Friedemann A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar T1 - Emissions Trading with Clean-up Certificates BT - Deterring Mitigation or Increasing Ambition? T2 - CEPA Discussion Papers N2 - We analyze how conventional emissions trading schemes (ETS) can be modified by introducing “clean-up certificates” to allow for a phase of net-negative emissions. Clean-up certificates bundle the permission to emit CO2 with the obligation for its removal. We show that demand for such certificates is determined by cost-saving technological progress, the discount rate and the length of the compliance period. Introducing extra clean-up certificates into an existing ETS reduces near-term carbon prices and mitigation efforts. In contrast, substituting ETS allowances with clean-up certificates reduces cumulative emissions without depressing carbon prices or mitigation in the near term. We calibrate our model to the EU ETS and identify reforms where simultaneously (i) ambition levels rise, (ii) climate damages fall, (iii) revenues from carbon prices rise and (iv) carbon prices and aggregate mitigation cost fall. For reducing climate damages, roughly half of the issued clean-up certificates should replace conventional ETS allowances. In the context of the EU ETS, a European Carbon Central Bank could manage the implementation of cleanup certificates and could serve as an enforcement mechanism. T3 - CEPA Discussion Papers - 79 KW - carbon removal KW - carbon pricing KW - net-negative emissions KW - carbon debt Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-641368 SN - 2628-653X IS - 79 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mayer, Dennis A1 - Lever, Fabiano A1 - Picconi, David A1 - Metje, Jan A1 - Ališauskas, Skirmantas A1 - Calegari, Francesca A1 - Düsterer, Stefan A1 - Ehlert, Christopher A1 - Feifel, Raimund A1 - Niebuhr, Mario A1 - Manschwetus, Bastian A1 - Kuhlmann, Marion A1 - Mazza, Tommaso A1 - Robinson, Matthew Scott A1 - Squibb, Richard J. A1 - Trabattoni, Andrea A1 - Wallner, Måns A1 - Saalfrank, Peter A1 - Wolf, Thomas J. A. A1 - Gühr, Markus T1 - Following excited-state chemical shifts in molecular ultrafast x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy JF - Nature communications N2 - Imaging the charge flow in photoexcited molecules would provide key information on photophysical and photochemical processes. Here the authors demonstrate tracking in real time after photoexcitation the change in charge density at a specific site of 2-thiouracil using time-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The conversion of photon energy into other energetic forms in molecules is accompanied by charge moving on ultrafast timescales. We directly observe the charge motion at a specific site in an electronically excited molecule using time-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (TR-XPS). We extend the concept of static chemical shift from conventional XPS by the excited-state chemical shift (ESCS), which is connected to the charge in the framework of a potential model. This allows us to invert TR-XPS spectra to the dynamic charge at a specific atom. We demonstrate the power of TR-XPS by using sulphur 2p-core-electron-emission probing to study the UV-excited dynamics of 2-thiouracil. The method allows us to discover that a major part of the population relaxes to the molecular ground state within 220-250 fs. In addition, a 250-fs oscillation, visible in the kinetic energy of the TR-XPS, reveals a coherent exchange of population among electronic states. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27908-y SN - 2041-1723 N1 - Publisher correction: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28584-2 VL - 13 IS - 1 PB - Nature Research CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Busse, David A1 - Simon, Philipp A1 - Petroff, David A1 - El-Najjar, Nahed A1 - Schmitt, Lisa A1 - Bindellini, Davide A1 - Dietrich, Arne A1 - Zeitlinger, Markus A1 - Huisinga, Wilhelm A1 - Michelet, Robin A1 - Wrigge, Hermann A1 - Kloft, Charlotte T1 - High-dosage fosfomycin results in adequate plasma and target-site exposure in morbidly obese and nonobese nonhyperfiltration patients JF - Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy N2 - The objectives of this study were the identification in (morbidly) obese and nonobese patients of (i) the most appropriate body size descriptor for fosfomycin dose adjustments and (ii) adequacy of the currently employed dosing regimens. Plasma and target site (interstitial fluid of subcutaneous adipose tissue) concentrations after fosfomycin administration (8 g) to 30 surgery patients (15 obese/15 nonobese) were obtained from a prospective clinical trial. After characterization of plasma and microdialysis-derived target site pharmacokinetics via population analysis, short-term infusions of fosfomycin 3 to 4 times daily were simulated. The adequacy of therapy was assessed by probability of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target attainment (PTA) analysis based on the unbound drug-related targets of an %fT(>= MIC) (the fraction of time that unbound fosfomycin concentrations exceed the MIC during 24 h) of 70 and an fAUC(0-24h)/MIC (the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h for the unbound fraction of fosfomycin relative to the MIC) of 40.8 to 83.3. Lean body weight, fat mass, and creatinine clearance calculated via adjusted body weight (ABW) (CLCRCG_ABW) of all patients (body mass index [BMI] = 20.1 to 52.0 kg/m(2)) explained a considerable proportion of between-patient pharmacokinetic variability (up to 31.0% relative reduction). The steady-state unbound target site/plasma concentration ratio was 26.3% lower in (morbidly) obese than nonobese patients. For infections with fosfomycin-susceptible pathogens (MIC <= 16 mg/L), intermittent "high-dosage" intravenous (i.v.) fosfomycin (8 g, three times daily) was sufficient to treat patients with a CLCRCG_ABW of,130 mL/min, irrespective of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic indices considered. For infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a MIC of 32 mg/L, when the index fAUC0-24h/MIC is applied, fosfomycin might represent a promising treatment option in obese and nonobese patients, especially in combination therapy to complement beta-lactams, in which carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa is critical. In conclusion, fosfomycin showed excellent target site penetration in obese and nonobese patients. Dosing should be guided by renal function rather than obesity status. KW - population pharmacokinetics KW - pharmacodynamics KW - fosfomycin KW - obesity KW - adipose tissue KW - interstitial space fluid KW - microdialysis KW - anti-infective KW - probability of target attainment Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.02302-21 SN - 0066-4804 SN - 1098-6596 VL - 66 IS - 6 PB - American Society for Microbiology CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tian, Fang A1 - Qin, Wen A1 - Zhang, Ran A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike A1 - Ni, Jian A1 - Zhang, Chengjun A1 - Mischke, Steffen A1 - Cao, Xianyong T1 - Palynological evidence for the temporal stability of the plant community in the Yellow River Source Area over the last 7,400 years JF - Vegetation history and archaeobotany N2 - The terrestrial ecosystem in the Yellow River Source Area (YRSA) is sensitive to climate change and human impacts, although past vegetation change and the degree of human disturbance are still largely unknown. A 170-cm-long sediment core covering the last 7,400 years was collected from Lake Xingxinghai (XXH) in the YRSA. Pollen, together with a series of other environmental proxies (including grain size, total organic carbon (TOC) and carbonate content), were analysed to explore past vegetation and environmental changes for the YRSA. Dominant and common pollen components-Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae and Asteraceae-are stable throughout the last 7,400 years. Slight vegetation change is inferred from an increasing trend of Cyperaceae and decreasing trend of Poaceae, suggesting that alpine steppe was replaced by alpine meadow at ca. 3.5 ka cal bp. The vegetation transformation indicates a generally wetter climate during the middle and late Holocene, which is supported by increased amounts of TOC and Pediastrum (representing high water-level) and is consistent with previous past climate records from the north-eastern Tibetan Plateau. Our results find no evidence of human impact on the regional vegetation surrounding XXH, hence we conclude the vegetation change likely reflects the regional climate signal. KW - Pollen KW - Lake Xingxinghai KW - Tibetan Plateau KW - Holocene KW - Vegetation change KW - Regional climate Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-022-00870-5 SN - 0939-6314 SN - 1617-6278 VL - 31 IS - 6 SP - 549 EP - 558 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vatova, Mariyana A1 - Rubin, Conrad A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter A1 - Goncalves, Susana C. A1 - Schmidt, Susanne I. A1 - Jarić, Ivan T1 - Aquatic fungi: largely neglected targets for conservation JF - Frontiers in ecology and the environment Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2495 SN - 1540-9295 SN - 1540-9309 VL - 20 IS - 4 SP - 207 EP - 209 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - THES A1 - Pfalz, Gregor T1 - Advancing knowledge of Arctic lake system dynamics: A data-driven perspective on spatiotemporal patterns T1 - Fortschritte im Verständnis der Dynamik arktischer Seesysteme: Eine datengetriebene Perspektive auf raumzeitliche Muster N2 - Ecosystems play a pivotal role in addressing climate change but are also highly susceptible to drastic environmental changes. Investigating their historical dynamics can enhance our understanding of how they might respond to unprecedented future environmental shifts. With Arctic lakes currently under substantial pressure from climate change, lessons from the past can guide our understanding of potential disruptions to these lakes. However, individual lake systems are multifaceted and complex. Traditional isolated lake studies often fail to provide a global perspective because localized nuances—like individual lake parameters, catchment areas, and lake histories—can overshadow broader conclusions. In light of these complexities, a more nuanced approach is essential to analyze lake systems in a global context. A key to addressing this challenge lies in the data-driven analysis of sedimentological records from various northern lake systems. This dissertation emphasizes lake systems in the northern Eurasian region, particularly in Russia (n=59). For this doctoral thesis, we collected sedimentological data from various sources, which required a standardized framework for further analysis. Therefore, we designed a conceptual model for integrating and standardizing heterogeneous multi-proxy data into a relational database management system (PostgreSQL). Creating a database from the collected data enabled comparative numerical analyses between spatially separated lakes as well as between different proxies. When analyzing numerous lakes, establishing a common frame of reference was crucial. We achieved this by converting proxy values from depth dependency to age dependency. This required consistent age calculations across all lakes and proxies using one age-depth modeling software. Recognizing the broader implications and potential pitfalls of this, we developed the LANDO approach ("Linked Age and Depth Modelling"). LANDO is an innovative integration of multiple age-depth modeling software into a singular, cohesive platform (Jupyter Notebook). Beyond its ability to aggregate data from five renowned age-depth modeling software, LANDO uniquely empowers users to filter out implausible model outcomes using robust geoscientific data. Our method is not only novel but also significantly enhances the accuracy and reliability of lake analyses. Considering the preceding steps, this doctoral thesis further examines the relationship between carbon in sediments and temperature over the last 21,000 years. Initially, we hypothesized a positive correlation between carbon accumulation in lakes and modelled paleotemperature. Our homogenized dataset from heterogeneous lakes confirmed this association, even if the highest temperatures throughout our observation period do not correlate with the highest carbon values. We assume that rapid warming events contribute more to high accumulation, while sustained warming leads to carbon outgassing. Considering the current high concentration of carbon in the atmosphere and rising temperatures, ongoing climate change could cause northern lake systems to contribute to a further increase in atmospheric carbon (positive feedback loop). While our findings underscore the reliability of both our standardized data and the LANDO method, expanding our dataset might offer even greater assurance in our conclusions. N2 - Ökosysteme spielen eine zentrale Rolle bei der Bewältigung des Klimawandels, gelten jedoch auch als äußerst anfällig für drastische Umweltveränderungen. Die Erforschung ihrer historischen Dynamiken kann unser Verständnis darüber verbessern, wie sich zukünftige Veränderungen angesichts beispielloser Umweltveränderungen auf sie auswirken können. Angesichts des enormen Stresses, dem arktische Seen durch den Klimawandel ausgesetzt sind, können konkrete Fälle aus der Vergangenheit helfen, mögliche Schwankungen im Ökosystem des Sees besser zu verstehen und zu deuten. Einzelne Seesysteme unterliegen jedoch einer inhärenten Komplexität und vielschichtigen Beschaffenheit. Klassische Einzelanalysen von Seen liefern oft keine globale Perspektive, da lokale Besonderheiten – wie individuelle Seeparameter, Einzugsgebiete und Seehistorien – allgemeinere Schlussfolgerungen überlagern können. Eine differenzierte Herangehensweise ist hierbei erforderlich, um Seesysteme im globalen Kontext angemessen zu analysieren. Ein Schlüssel zur Bewältigung dieser Herausforderung ist die datenwissenschaftliche Analyse von sedimentologischen Daten aus mehreren nördlichen Seesystemen. Diese Dissertation fokussiert sich dabei auf das Gebiet des nördlichen Eurasiens mit einem besonderen Fokus auf Seesystem in Russland (n=59). Die gesammelten sedimentologischen Daten für diese Doktorarbeit mussten hierfür zunächst standardisiert und homogenisiert werden. Hierfür wurde ein konzeptuelles Modell für die Integration und Standardisierung von heterogenen Multi-Proxy-Daten in ein relationales Datenbankverwaltungssystem (PostgreSQL) entworfen. Die Erstellung einer Datenbank aus der gesammelten Datenkollektion ermöglichte die numerische, vergleichende Analyse zwischen räumlich getrennten Seen als auch zwischen verschiedenen Proxys. Eine Analyse von mehreren Seen erforderte zudem eine gemeinsame Analyseebene, welche wir durch die Umwandlung von einer Tiefenabhängigkeit zu Altersabhängigkeit der Proxywerte erreichten. Diese bedurfte aber, dass die zugehörigen Alter von Proxywerte von allen Seen mit demselben Verfahren einer Alterstiefenmodellsoftware berechnet werden müssen. Angesichts der weitreichenden Implikationen und potenziellen Fallstricke entwickelten wir den LANDO-Ansatz („Linked Age and Depth Modelling“). LANDO stellt eine innovative Integration mehrerer Alters-Tiefen-Modellierungssoftware in eine einheitliche, kohärente Plattform (Jupyter Notebook) dar. Neben seiner Fähigkeit, Daten von fünf renommierten Alters-Tiefen-Modellierungssoftware zu aggregieren, ermöglicht LANDO es den Nutzern auf einzigartige Weise, unbegründete Modellergebnisse anhand robuster geowissenschaftlicher Daten herauszufiltern. Unsere Methode ist nicht nur neuartig, sondern steigert auch signifikant die Genauigkeit und Zuverlässigkeit von Seeanalysen. Schlussendlich unter Berücksichtigung der vorangegangenen Schritte betrachtet die Doktorarbeit den Zusammenhang zwischen Kohlenstoff in Sedimenten und Temperatur über die letzten 21 000 Jahre. Zunächst nehmen wir an, dass es eine positive Korrelation zwischen Kohlenstoffakkumulation in Seen und modellierter Paläo-Temperatur gibt. Diese kann dank des homogenisierten Datensatzes von heterogenen Seen bestätigt werden, wenn auch die höchsten Temperaturen über unseren Betrachtungszeitraum nicht korrelieren mit den höchsten Kohlenstoffwerten. Wir gehen davon aus, dass schnelle Erwärmungsereignisse eher zu einer hohen Akkumulation beitragen, während bestehende Erwärmung eher zu einer Ausgasung von Kohlenstoff führt. In Anbetracht der aktuellen hohen Konzentration von Kohlenstoff in der Atmosphäre und der steigenden Temperaturen, können bei einem weiterführenden Klimawandel nördliche Seesysteme zu einem weiteren Anstieg von atmosphärischem Kohlenstoff führen (positive Feedbackschleife). Obwohl die bemerkenswerten Ergebnisse zeigen, dass unser Ansatz aus standardisierten Daten und LANDO zuverlässig ist, könnte eine größere Datenmenge das Vertrauen in die Ergebnisse noch weiter stärken. KW - Arcitc KW - lake systems KW - paleotemperature KW - carbon KW - climate data science KW - Paläolimnologie KW - Eurasien KW - Paläoklimatologie KW - Seesedimente KW - Klimadatenwissenschaften KW - Kohlenstoff Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-636554 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Glückler, Ramesh A1 - Geng, Rongwei A1 - Grimm, Lennart A1 - Baisheva, Izabella A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike A1 - Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen R. A1 - Kruse, Stefan A1 - Andreev, Andrej Aleksandrovic A1 - Pestryakova, Luidmila A1 - Dietze, Elisabeth T1 - Holocene wildfire and vegetation dynamics in Central Yakutia, Siberia, reconstructed from lake-sediment proxies JF - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution N2 - Wildfires play an essential role in the ecology of boreal forests. In eastern Siberia, fire activity has been increasing in recent years, challenging the livelihoods of local communities. Intensifying fire regimes also increase disturbance pressure on the boreal forests, which currently protect the permafrost beneath from accelerated degradation. However, long-term relationships between changes in fire regime and forest structure remain largely unknown. We assess past fire-vegetation feedbacks using sedimentary proxy records from Lake Satagay, Central Yakutia, Siberia, covering the past c. 10,800 years. Results from macroscopic and microscopic charcoal analyses indicate high amounts of burnt biomass during the Early Holocene, and that the present-day, low-severity surface fire regime has been in place since c. 4,500 years before present. A pollen-based quantitative reconstruction of vegetation cover and a terrestrial plant record based on sedimentary ancient DNA metabarcoding suggest a pronounced shift in forest structure toward the Late Holocene. Whereas the Early Holocene was characterized by postglacial open larch-birch woodlands, forest structure changed toward the modern, mixed larch-dominated closed-canopy forest during the Mid-Holocene. We propose a potential relationship between open woodlands and high amounts of burnt biomass, as well as a mediating effect of dense larch forest on the climate-driven intensification of fire regimes. Considering the anticipated increase in forest disturbances (droughts, insect invasions, and wildfires), higher tree mortality may force the modern state of the forest to shift toward an open woodland state comparable to the Early Holocene. Such a shift in forest structure may result in a positive feedback on currently intensifying wildfires. These new long-term data improve our understanding of millennial-scale fire regime changes and their relationships to changes of vegetation in Central Yakutia, where the local population is already being confronted with intensifying wildfire seasons. KW - fire KW - larch KW - boreal KW - forest KW - Russia KW - charcoal KW - pollen KW - ancient DNA Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.962906 SN - 2296-701X VL - 10 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wright, Michelle F. A1 - Wachs, Sebastian A1 - Huang, Zheng A1 - Kamble, Shanmukh V. A1 - Soudi, Shruti A1 - Bayraktar, Fatih A1 - Li, Zheng A1 - Lei, Li A1 - Shu, Chang T1 - Longitudinal associations among Machiavellianism, popularity goals, and adolescents' cyberbullying involvement BT - the role of gender JF - The journal of genetic psychology : research and theory on human development N2 - Drawing on the social-ecological perspective, this longitudinal study investigated the potential moderating effect of gender in the relationships among Machiavellianism, popularity goals, and cyberbullying involvement (i.e. victimization, perpetration) among adolescents from China, Cyprus, India, and the United States. There were 2,452 adolescents (M-age = 14.85; SD = .53; 13-16 years old; 49.1% girls) from China, Cyprus, India, and the United States included in this study. They completed surveys on Machiavellianism, popularity goals, and cyberbullying victimization and perpetration during the fall of 2014 (Time 1). One year later, during the fall of 2015, adolescents completed surveys on cyberbullying victimization and perpetration. Findings revealed that Machiavellianism and popularity goals were both associated positively with Time 2 cyberbullying victimization and perpetration for all adolescents. The associations between Machiavellianism and Time 2 cyberbullying perpetration and between popularity goals and Time 2 cyberbullying perpetration were stronger for Chinese and Indian boys than girls. Opposite patterns were found for popularity goals and Time 2 cyberbullying perpetration for adolescents from the United States. Gender did not moderate any of the associations for Cypriot adolescents or for Time 2 cyberbullying victimization. The social-ecological perspective provides a useful understanding of how various contexts influence bullying. KW - Machiavellianism KW - popularity goal KW - cyberbullying KW - culture KW - gender Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2022.2095251 SN - 0022-1325 SN - 1940-0896 VL - 183 IS - 5 SP - 482 EP - 493 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, Ji-Cai A1 - Ignatova, Nina A1 - Kimberg, Victor A1 - Krasnov, Pavel A1 - Föhlisch, Alexander A1 - Simon, Marc A1 - Gel'mukhanov, Faris T1 - Time-resolved study of recoil-induced rotation by X-ray pump - X-ray probe spectroscopy JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - Modern stationary X-ray spectroscopy is unable to resolve rotational structure. In the present paper, we propose to use time-resolved two color X-ray pump-probe spectroscopy with picosecond resolution for real-time monitoring of the rotational dynamics induced by the recoil effect. The proposed technique consists of two steps. The first short pump X-ray pulse ionizes the valence electron, which transfers angular momentum to the molecule. The second time-delayed short probe X-ray pulse resonantly excites a 1s electron to the created valence hole. Due to the recoil-induced angular momentum the molecule rotates and changes the orientation of transition dipole moment of core-excitation with respect to the transition dipole moment of the valence ionization, which results in a temporal modulation of the probe X-ray absorption as a function of the delay time between the pulses. We developed an accurate theory of the X-ray pump-probe spectroscopy of the recoil-induced rotation and study how the energy of the photoelectron and thermal dephasing affect the structure of the time-dependent X-ray absorption using the CO molecule as a case-study. We also discuss the feasibility of experimental observation of our theoretical findings, opening new perspectives in studies of molecular rotational dynamics. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/d1cp05000a SN - 1463-9076 SN - 1463-9084 VL - 24 IS - 11 SP - 6627 EP - 6638 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abiuso, Paolo A1 - Holubec, Viktor A1 - Anders, Janet A1 - Ye, Zhuolin A1 - Cerisola, Federico A1 - Perarnau-Llobet, Marti T1 - Thermodynamics and optimal protocols of multidimensional quadratic Brownian systems JF - Journal of physics communications N2 - We characterize finite-time thermodynamic processes of multidimensional quadratic overdamped systems. Analytic expressions are provided for heat, work, and dissipation for any evolution of the system covariance matrix. The Bures-Wasserstein metric between covariance matrices naturally emerges as the local quantifier of dissipation. General principles of how to apply these geometric tools to identify optimal protocols are discussed. Focusing on the relevant slow-driving limit, we show how these results can be used to analyze cases in which the experimental control over the system is partial. KW - stochastic thermodynamics KW - thermodynamic control KW - thermodynamic length KW - overdamped brownian systems Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ac72f8 SN - 2399-6528 VL - 6 IS - 6 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Welke, Robert-William A1 - Sperber, Hannah Sabeth A1 - Bergmann, Ronny A1 - Koikkarah, Amit A1 - Menke, Laura A1 - Sieben, Christian A1 - Krüger, Detlev H. A1 - Chiantia, Salvatore A1 - Herrmann, Andreas A1 - Schwarzer, Roland T1 - Characterization of hantavirus N protein intracellular dynamics and localization JF - Viruses N2 - Hantaviruses are enveloped viruses that possess a tri-segmented, negative-sense RNA genome. The viral S-segment encodes the multifunctional nucleocapsid protein (N), which is involved in genome packaging, intracellular protein transport, immunoregulation, and several other crucial processes during hantavirus infection. In this study, we generated fluorescently tagged N protein constructs derived from Puumalavirus (PUUV), the dominant hantavirus species in Central, Northern, and Eastern Europe. We comprehensively characterized this protein in the rodent cell line CHO-K1, monitoring the dynamics of N protein complex formation and investigating co-localization with host proteins as well as the viral glycoproteins Gc and Gn. We observed formation of large, fibrillar PUUV N protein aggregates, rapidly coalescing from early punctate and spike-like assemblies. Moreover, we found significant spatial correlation of N with vimentin, actin, and P-bodies but not with microtubules. N constructs also co-localized with Gn and Gc albeit not as strongly as the glycoproteins associated with each other. Finally, we assessed oligomerization of N constructs, observing efficient and concentration-dependent multimerization, with complexes comprising more than 10 individual proteins. KW - hantavirus KW - N protein KW - oligomerization KW - actin KW - P-bodies KW - vimentin KW - Number and Brightness KW - Puumalavirus KW - macromolecular assemblies Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/v14030457 SN - 1999-4915 VL - 14 IS - 3 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Inceoglu, Fadil A1 - Shprits, Yuri Y. A1 - Heinemann, Stephan G. A1 - Bianco, Stefano T1 - Identification of coronal holes on AIA/SDO images using unsupervised machine learning JF - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics N2 - Through its magnetic activity, the Sun governs the conditions in Earth's vicinity, creating space weather events, which have drastic effects on our space- and ground-based technology. One of the most important solar magnetic features creating the space weather is the solar wind that originates from the coronal holes (CHs). The identification of the CHs on the Sun as one of the source regions of the solar wind is therefore crucial to achieve predictive capabilities. In this study, we used an unsupervised machine-learning method, k-means, to pixel-wise cluster the passband images of the Sun taken by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on the Solar Dynamics Observatory in 171, 193, and 211 angstrom in different combinations. Our results show that the pixel-wise k-means clustering together with systematic pre- and postprocessing steps provides compatible results with those from complex methods, such as convolutional neural networks. More importantly, our study shows that there is a need for a CH database where a consensus about the CH boundaries is reached by observers independently. This database then can be used as the "ground truth," when using a supervised method or just to evaluate the goodness of the models. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac5f43 SN - 1538-4357 VL - 930 IS - 2 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lehmann, Nico A1 - Kuhn, Yves-Alain A1 - Keller, Martin A1 - Aye, Norman A1 - Herold, Fabian A1 - Draganski, Bogdan A1 - Taube, Wolfgang A1 - Taubert, Marco T1 - Brain activation during active balancing and its behavioral relevance in younger and older adults BT - a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study JF - Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience N2 - Age-related deterioration of balance control is widely regarded as an important phenomenon influencing quality of life and longevity, such that a more comprehensive understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying this process is warranted. Specifically, previous studies have reported that older adults typically show higher neural activity during balancing as compared to younger counterparts, but the implications of this finding on balance performance remain largely unclear. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), differences in the cortical control of balance between healthy younger (n = 27) and older (n = 35) adults were explored. More specifically, the association between cortical functional activity and balance performance across and within age groups was investigated. To this end, we measured hemodynamic responses (i.e., changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin) while participants balanced on an unstable device. As criterion variables for brain-behavior-correlations, we also assessed postural sway while standing on a free-swinging platform and while balancing on wobble boards with different levels of difficulty. We found that older compared to younger participants had higher activity in prefrontal and lower activity in postcentral regions. Subsequent robust regression analyses revealed that lower prefrontal brain activity was related to improved balance performance across age groups, indicating that higher activity of the prefrontal cortex during balancing reflects neural inefficiency. We also present evidence supporting that age serves as a moderator in the relationship between brain activity and balance, i.e., cortical hemodynamics generally appears to be a more important predictor of balance performance in the older than in the younger. Strikingly, we found that age differences in balance performance are mediated by balancing-induced activation of the superior frontal gyrus, thus suggesting that differential activation of this region reflects a mechanism involved in the aging process of the neural control of balance. Our study suggests that differences in functional brain activity between age groups are not a mere by-product of aging, but instead of direct behavioral relevance for balance performance. Potential implications of these findings in terms of early detection of fall-prone individuals and intervention strategies targeting balance and healthy aging are discussed. KW - aging KW - neuroimaging KW - functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) KW - balance KW - postural control KW - prefrontal cortex KW - neural inefficiency Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2022.828474 SN - 1663-4365 VL - 14 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Voroshnin, Vladimir A1 - Tarasov, Artem V. A1 - Bokai, Kirill A. A1 - Chikina, Alla A1 - Senkovskiy, Boris V. A1 - Ehlen, Niels A1 - Usachov, Dmitry Yu. A1 - Gruneis, Alexander A1 - Krivenkov, Maxim A1 - Sanchez-Barriga, Jaime A1 - Fedorov, Alexander T1 - Direct spectroscopic evidence of magnetic proximity effect in MoS2 monolayer on graphene/Co JF - ACS nano N2 - A magnetic field modifies optical properties and provides valley splitting in a molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayer. Here we demonstrate a scalable approach to the epitaxial synthesis of MoS2 monolayer on a magnetic graphene/Co system. Using spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy we observe a magnetic proximity effect that causes a 20 meV spin-splitting at the (Gamma) over bar point and canting of spins at the (K) over bar point in the valence band toward the in-plane direction of cobalt magnetization. Our density functional theory calculations reveal that the in-plane spin component at (K) over bar is localized on Co atoms in the valence band, while in the conduction band it is localized on the MoS2 layer. The calculations also predict a 16 meV spin-splitting at the (Gamma) over bar point and 8 meV (K) over bar-(K) over bar' valley asymmetry for an out-of-plane magnetization. These findings suggest control over optical transitions in MoS2 via Co magnetization. Our estimations show that the magnetic proximity effect is equivalent to the action of the magnetic field as large as 100 T. KW - magnetic proximity effect KW - MoS2 KW - monolayer KW - graphene KW - spin-resolved KW - ARPES Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.1c10391 SN - 1936-0851 SN - 1936-086X VL - 16 IS - 5 SP - 7448 EP - 7456 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Miller, Amy E. A1 - Cioni, Maria-Rosa L. A1 - de Grijs, Richard A1 - Sun, Ning-Chen A1 - Bell, Cameron P. M. A1 - Choudhury, Samyaday A1 - Ivanov, Valentin D. A1 - Marconi, Marcella A1 - Oliveira, Joana M. A1 - Petr-Gotzens, Monika A1 - Ripepi, Vincenzo A1 - van Loon, Jacco Th. T1 - The VMC survey - XLVII. Turbulence-controlled hierarchical star formation in the large magellanic cloud JF - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society N2 - We perform a statistical clustering analysis of upper main-sequence stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) using data from the Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy survey of the Magellanic Clouds. We map over 2500 young stellar structures at 15 significance levels across similar to 120 square degrees centred on the LMC. The structures have sizes ranging from a few parsecs to over 1 kpc. We find that the young structures follow power-law size and mass distributions. From the perimeter-area relation, we derive a perimeter-area dimension of 1.44 +/- 0.20. From the mass-size relation and the size distribution, we derive two-dimensional fractal dimensions of 1.50 +/- 0.10 and 1.61 +/- 0.20, respectively. We find that the surface density distribution is well represented by a lognormal distribution. We apply the Larson relation to estimate the velocity dispersions and crossing times of these structures. Our results indicate that the fractal nature of the young stellar structures has been inherited from the gas clouds from which they form and that this architecture is generated by supersonic turbulence. Our results also suggest that star formation in the LMC is scale-free from 10 to 700 pc. KW - methods: statistical KW - stars: early-type KW - stars: formation KW - galaxies: individual: Magellanic Clouds KW - galaxies: stellar content KW - galaxies: structure Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac508 SN - 0035-8711 SN - 1365-2966 VL - 512 IS - 1 SP - 1196 EP - 1213 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Griggio, Massimo A1 - Bedin, Luigi R. A1 - Raddi, Roberto A1 - Reindl, Nicole A1 - Tomasella, Lina A1 - Scalco, M. A1 - Salaris, M. A1 - Cassisi, S. A1 - Ochner, P. A1 - Ciroi, S. A1 - Rosati, P. A1 - Nardiello, Domenico A1 - Anderson, J. A1 - Libralato, Mattia A1 - Bellini, A. A1 - Vallenari, A. A1 - Spina, L. A1 - Pedani, M. T1 - Astro-photometric study of M37 with Gaia and wide-field ugi-imaging JF - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society N2 - We present an astrometric and photometric wide-field study of the Galactic open star cluster M37 (NGC 2099). The studied field was observed with ground-based images covering a region of about four square degrees in the Sloan-like filters ugi. We exploited the Gaia catalogue to calibrate the geometric distortion of the large field mosaics, developing software routines that can be also applied to other wide-field instruments. The data are used to identify the hottest white dwarf (WD) member candidates of M37. Thanks to the Gaia EDR3 exquisite astrometry we identified seven such WD candidates, one of which, besides being a high-probability astrometric member, is the putative central star of a planetary nebula. To our knowledge, this is a unique object in an open cluster, and we have obtained follow-up low-resolution spectra that are used for a qualitative characterization of this young WD. Finally, we publicly release a three-colour atlas and a catalogue of the sources in the field of view, which represents a complement of existing material. KW - catalogues KW - white dwarfs KW - open clusters and associations: individual: KW - M37 (NGC2099) Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac1920 SN - 0035-8711 SN - 1365-2966 VL - 515 IS - 2 SP - 1841 EP - 1853 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kamali, Bahareh A1 - Jahanbakhshi, Farshid A1 - Dogaru, Diana A1 - Dietrich, Jörg A1 - Nendel, Claas A1 - AghaKouchak, Amir T1 - Probabilistic modeling of crop-yield loss risk under drought: a spatial showcase for sub-Saharan Africa JF - Environmental research letters N2 - Assessing the risk of yield loss in African drought-affected regions is key to identify feasible solutions for stable crop production. Recent studies have demonstrated that Copula-based probabilistic methods are well suited for such assessment owing to reasonably inferring important properties in terms of exceedance probability and joint dependence of different characterization. However, insufficient attention has been given to quantifying the probability of yield loss and determining the contribution of climatic factors. This study applies the Copula theory to describe the dependence between drought and crop yield anomalies for rainfed maize, millet, and sorghum crops in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The environmental policy integrated climate model, calibrated with Food and Agriculture Organization country-level yield data, was used to simulate yields across SSA (1980-2012). The results showed that the severity of yield loss due to drought had a higher magnitude than the severity of drought itself. Sensitivity analysis to identify factors contributing to drought and high-temperature stresses for all crops showed that the amount of precipitation during vegetation and grain filling was the main driver of crop yield loss, and the effect of temperature was stronger for sorghum than for maize and millet. The results demonstrate the added value of probabilistic methods for drought-impact assessment. For future studies, we recommend looking into factors influencing drought and high-temperature stresses as individual/concurrent climatic extremes. KW - Copula theory KW - crop model KW - drought stress KW - joint probability KW - risk Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac4ec1 SN - 1748-9326 VL - 17 IS - 2 PB - IOP Publishing CY - Bristol ER -