TY  - JOUR
A1  - Guggenberger, Tobias
A1  - Chechkin, Aleksei
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
T1  - Absence of stationary states and non-Boltzmann distributions of fractional Brownian motion in shallow external potentials
JF  - New journal of physics : the open-access journal for physics
N2  - We study the diffusive motion of a particle in a subharmonic potential of the form U(x) = |x|( c ) (0 < c < 2) driven by long-range correlated, stationary fractional Gaussian noise xi ( alpha )(t) with 0 < alpha <= 2. In the absence of the potential the particle exhibits free fractional Brownian motion with anomalous diffusion exponent alpha. While for an harmonic external potential the dynamics converges to a Gaussian stationary state, from extensive numerical analysis we here demonstrate that stationary states for shallower than harmonic potentials exist only as long as the relation c > 2(1 - 1/alpha) holds. We analyse the motion in terms of the mean squared displacement and (when it exists) the stationary probability density function. Moreover we discuss analogies of non-stationarity of Levy flights in shallow external potentials.
KW  - diffusion
KW  - Boltzmann distribution
KW  - fractional Brownian motion
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac7b3c
SN  - 1367-2630
VL  - 24
IS  - 7
PB  - Dt. Physikalische Ges.
CY  - [Bad Honnef]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hennig, Theresa
A1  - Kühn, Michael
T1  - Potential uranium migration within the geochemical gradient of the opalinus clay system at the Mont Terri
JF  - Minerals
N2  - Transport properties of potential host rocks for nuclear waste disposal are typically determined in laboratory or in-situ experiments under geochemically controlled and constant conditions. Such a homogeneous assumption is no longer applicable on the host rock scale as can be seen from the pore water profiles of the potential host rock Opalinus Clay at Mont Terri (Switzerland). The embedding aquifers are the hydro-geological boundaries, that established gradients in the 210 m thick low permeable section through diffusive exchange over millions of years. Present-day pore water profiles were confirmed by a data-driven as well as by a conceptual scenario. Based on the modelled profiles, the influence of the geochemical gradient on uranium migration was quantified by comparing the distances after one million years with results of common homogeneous models. Considering the heterogeneous system, uranium migrated up to 24 m farther through the formation depending on the source term position within the gradient and on the partial pressure of carbon dioxide pCO2 of the system. Migration lengths were almost equal for single- and multicomponent diffusion. Differences can predominantly be attributed to changes in the sorption capacity, whereby pCO2 governs how strong uranium migration is affected by the geochemical gradient. Thus, the governing parameters for uranium migration in the Opalinus Clay can be ordered in descending priority: pCO2, geochemical gradients, mineralogical heterogeneity.</p>
KW  - PHREEQC
KW  - reactive transport
KW  - sorption
KW  - diffusion
KW  - repository far-field
KW  - hydro-geological system
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/min11101087
SN  - 2075-163X
VL  - 11
IS  - 10
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Doerries, Timo J.
A1  - Chechkin, Aleksei V.
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
T1  - Apparent anomalous diffusion and non-Gaussian distributions in a simple mobile-immobile transport model with Poissonian switching
JF  - Interface : journal of the Royal Society
N2  - We analyse mobile-immobile transport of particles that switch between the mobile and immobile phases with finite rates. Despite this seemingly simple assumption of Poissonian switching, we unveil a rich transport dynamics including significant transient anomalous diffusion and non-Gaussian displacement distributions. Our discussion is based on experimental parameters for tau proteins in neuronal cells, but the results obtained here are expected to be of relevance for a broad class of processes in complex systems. Specifically, we obtain that, when the mean binding time is significantly longer than the mean mobile time, transient anomalous diffusion is observed at short and intermediate time scales, with a strong dependence on the fraction of initially mobile and immobile particles. We unveil a Laplace distribution of particle displacements at relevant intermediate time scales. For any initial fraction of mobile particles, the respective mean squared displacement (MSD) displays a plateau. Moreover, we demonstrate a short-time cubic time dependence of the MSD for immobile tracers when initially all particles are immobile.
KW  - diffusion
KW  - mobile-immobile model
KW  - tau proteins
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2022.0233
SN  - 1742-5689
SN  - 1742-5662
VL  - 19
IS  - 192
PB  - Royal Society
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mutothya, Nicholas Mwilu
A1  - Xu, Yong
A1  - Li, Yongge
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
A1  - Mutua, Nicholas Muthama
T1  - First passage dynamics of stochastic motion in heterogeneous media driven by correlated white Gaussian and coloured non-Gaussian noises
JF  - Journal of physics. Complexity
N2  - We study the first passage dynamics for a diffusing particle experiencing a spatially varying diffusion coefficient while driven by correlated additive Gaussian white noise and multiplicative coloured non-Gaussian noise. We consider three functional forms for position dependence of the diffusion coefficient: power-law, exponential, and logarithmic. The coloured non-Gaussian noise is distributed according to Tsallis' q-distribution. Tracks of the non-Markovian systems are numerically simulated by using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithm and the first passage times (FPTs) are recorded. The FPT density is determined along with the mean FPT (MFPT). Effects of the noise intensity and self-correlation of the multiplicative noise, the intensity of the additive noise, the cross-correlation strength, and the non-extensivity parameter on the MFPT are discussed.
KW  - first passage
KW  - diffusion
KW  - non-Gaussian
KW  - correlated noise
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-072X/ac35b5
SN  - 2632-072X
VL  - 2
PB  - IOP Publishing
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mutothya, Nicholas Mwilu
A1  - Xu, Yong
A1  - Li, Yongge
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
T1  - Characterising stochastic motion in heterogeneous media driven by coloured non-Gaussian noise
JF  - Journal of physics : A, Mathematical and theoretical
N2  - We study the stochastic motion of a test particle in a heterogeneous medium in terms of a position dependent diffusion coefficient mimicking measured deterministic diffusivity gradients in biological cells or the inherent heterogeneity of geophysical systems. Compared to previous studies we here investigate the effect of the interplay of anomalous diffusion effected by position dependent diffusion coefficients and coloured non-Gaussian noise. The latter is chosen to be distributed according to Tsallis' q-distribution, representing a popular example for a non-extensive statistic. We obtain the ensemble and time averaged mean squared displacements for this generalised process and establish its non-ergodic properties as well as analyse the non-Gaussian nature of the associated displacement distribution. We consider both non-stratified and stratified environments.
KW  - diffusion
KW  - anomalous diffusion
KW  - non-extensive statistics
KW  - coloured
KW  - noise
KW  - heterogeneous diffusion process
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/abfba6
SN  - 1751-8113
SN  - 1751-8121
VL  - 54
IS  - 29
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Shoaee, Safa
A1  - Sanna, Anna Laura
A1  - Sforazzini, Giuseppe
T1  - Elucidating charge generation in green-solvent processed organic solar cells
JF  - Molecules : a journal of synthetic chemistry and natural product chemistry / Molecular Diversity Preservation International
N2  - Organic solar cells have the potential to become the cheapest form of electricity. Rapid increase in the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs) has been achieved with the development of non-fullerene small-molecule acceptors. Next generation photovoltaics based upon environmentally benign "green solvent" processing of organic semiconductors promise a step-change in the adaptability and versatility of solar technologies and promote sustainable development. However, high-performing OSCs are still processed by halogenated (non-environmentally friendly) solvents, so hindering their large-scale manufacture. In this perspective, we discuss the recent progress in developing highly efficient OSCs processed from eco-compatible solvents, and highlight research challenges that should be addressed for the future development of high power conversion efficiencies devices.
KW  - organic solar cells
KW  - green solvents
KW  - non-halogenated solvents
KW  - exaction
KW  - diffusion
KW  - photoluminescence quenching
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26247439
SN  - 1420-3049
VL  - 26
IS  - 24
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Singh, Rishu Kumar
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
A1  - Sandev, Trifce
T1  - Resetting dynamics in a confining potential
JF  - Journal of physics : A, Mathematical and theoretical
N2  - We study Brownian motion in a confining potential under a constant-rate resetting to a reset position x(0). The relaxation of this system to the steady-state exhibits a dynamic phase transition, and is achieved in a light cone region which grows linearly with time. When an absorbing boundary is introduced, effecting a symmetry breaking of the system, we find that resetting aids the barrier escape only when the particle starts on the same side as the barrier with respect to the origin. We find that the optimal resetting rate exhibits a continuous phase transition with critical exponent of unity. Exact expressions are derived for the mean escape time, the second moment, and the coefficient of variation (CV).
KW  - diffusion
KW  - resetting
KW  - barrier escape
KW  - first-passage
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/abc83a
SN  - 1751-8113
SN  - 1751-8121
VL  - 53
IS  - 50
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dunsing, Valentin
A1  - Petrich, Annett
A1  - Chiantia, Salvatore
T1  - Multicolor fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy in living cells via spectral detection
JF  - eLife
N2  - Signaling pathways in biological systems rely on specific interactions between multiple biomolecules. Fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy provides a powerful toolbox to quantify such interactions directly in living cells. Cross-correlation analysis of spectrally separated fluctuations provides information about intermolecular interactions but is usually limited to two fluorophore species. Here, we present scanning fluorescence spectral correlation spectroscopy (SFSCS), a versatile approach that can be implemented on commercial confocal microscopes, allowing the investigation of interactions between multiple protein species at the plasma membrane. We demonstrate that SFSCS enables cross-talk-free cross-correlation, diffusion, and oligomerization analysis of up to four protein species labeled with strongly overlapping fluorophores. As an example, we investigate the interactions of influenza A virus (IAV) matrix protein 2 with two cellular host factors simultaneously. We furthermore apply raster spectral image correlation spectroscopy for the simultaneous analysis of up to four species and determine the stoichiometry of ternary IAV polymerase complexes in the cell nucleus.
KW  - fluorescence
KW  - optical microscopy
KW  - virus assembly
KW  - protein-protein
KW  - interactions
KW  - diffusion
KW  - Viruses
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.69687
SN  - 2050-084X
VL  - 10
PB  - eLife Sciences Publications
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Spallanzani, Roberta
T1  - Li and B in ascending magmas: an experimental study on their mobility and isotopic fractionation
T1  - Li und B in aufsteigenden Magmen: eine experimentelle Studie über ihre Mobilität und Isotopenfraktionierung
N2  - This research study focuses on the behaviour of Li and B during magmatic ascent, and decompression-driven degassing related to volcanic systems. The main objective of this dissertation is to determine whether it is possible to use the diffusion properties of the two trace elements as a tool to trace magmatic ascent rate. With this objective, diffusion-couple and decompression experiments have been performed in order to study Li and B mobility in intra-melt conditions first, and then in an evolving system during decompression-driven degassing.
Synthetic glasses were prepared with rhyolitic composition and an initial water content of 4.2 wt%, and all the experiments were performed using an internally heated pressure vessel, in order to ensure a precise control on the experimental parameters such as temperature and pressure.
Diffusion-couple experiments were performed with a fix pressure 300 MPa. The temperature was varied in the range of 700-1250 °C with durations between 0 seconds and 24 hours. The diffusion-couple results show that Li diffusivity is very fast and starts already at very low temperature. Significant isotopic fractionation occurs due to the faster mobility of 6Li compared to 7Li. Boron diffusion is also accelerated by the presence of water, but the results of the isotopic ratios are unclear, and further investigation would be necessary to well constrain the isotopic fractionation process of boron in hydrous silicate melts. The isotopic ratios results show that boron isotopic fractionation might be affected by the speciation of boron in the silicate melt structure, as 10B and 11B tend to have tetrahedral and trigonal coordination, respectively.
Several decompression experiments were performed at 900 °C and 1000 °C, with pressures going from 300 MPa to 71-77 MPa and durations of 30 minutes, two, five and ten hours, in order to trigger water exsolution and the formation of vesicles in the sample. Textural observations and the calculation of the bubble number density confirmed that the bubble size and distribution after decompression is directly proportional to the decompression rate.
The overall SIMS results of Li and B show that the two trace elements tend to progressively decrease their concentration with decreasing decompression rates. This is explained because for longer decompression times, the diffusion of Li and B into the bubbles has more time to progress and the melt continuously loses volatiles as the bubbles expand their volumes.
For fast decompression, Li and B results show a concentration increase with a δ7Li and δ11B decrease close to the bubble interface, related to the sudden formation of the gas bubble, and the occurrence of a diffusion process in the opposite direction, from the bubble meniscus to the unaltered melt. When the bubble growth becomes dominant and Li and B start to exsolve into the gas phase, the silicate melt close to the bubble gets depleted in Li and B, because of a stronger diffusion of the trace elements into the bubble.
Our data are being applied to different models, aiming to combine the dynamics of bubble nucleation and growth with the evolution of trace elements concentration and isotopic ratios. Here, first considerations on these models will be presented, giving concluding remarks on this research study. All in all, the final remarks constitute a good starting point for further investigations. These results are a promising base to continue to study this process, and Li and B can indeed show clear dependences on decompression-related magma ascent rates in volcanic systems.
N2  - Diese Forschungsstudie konzentriert sich auf das Verhalten von Li und B während des magmatischen Aufstiegs und der Druckentlastungsbedingten Entgasung im Zusammenhang mit vulkanischen Systemen. Das Hauptziel dieser Dissertation besteht darin, festzustellen, ob es möglich ist, die Diffusionseigenschaften der beiden Spurenelemente als Instrument zur Verfolgung der magmatischen Aufstiegsgeschwindigkeit zu nutzen. Unter Verwendung von synthetischen Gläsern mit rhyolitischer Zusammensetzung und einem Wassergehalt von 4,2 Gew.-% wurden Diffusionspaar- und Druckentlastungsexperimente durchgeführt, um die Mobilität von Li und B zunächst in der Schmelze und dann in einem sich entwickelnden System während der Druckentlastungsgetriebenen Entgasung zu untersuchen.
Diffusionspaar wurden mit einem festen Druck von 300 MPa durchgeführt. Die Temperatur wurde im Bereich von 700-1250 °C variiert, wobei die Dauer zwischen 0 Sekunden und 24 Stunden lag. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Diffusionsfähigkeit von Li sehr schnell ist und bei sehr niedrigen Temperaturen auftritt. Eine Isotopenfraktionierung findet aufgrund der schnelleren Mobilität von 6Li im Vergleich zu 7Li statt. Die Diffusion von Bor wird durch die Anwesenheit von Wasser ebenfalls beschleunigt, bleibt aber langsamer als die von Li. Die Ergebnisse der Isotopenverhältnisse zeigen, dass die Bor-Isotopenfraktionierung durch die Speziation von Bor in der Silikatschmelze beeinflusst werden könnte, da 10B und 11B tendenziell eine tetraedrische bzw. trigonale Koordination aufweisen.
Druckentlastungsversuche wurden bei 900 °C und 1000 °C mit Drücken von 300 MPa bis 71-77 MPa und einer Dauer von 30 Minuten, zwei, fünf und zehn Stunden durchgeführt, um die Wasserauflösung und die Bildung von Gasblasen in der Probe auszulösen. Texturbeobachtungen und die Berechnung der Blasenanzahldichte bestätigten, dass die Blasengröße und -verteilung nach der Druckentlastung direkt proportional zur Druckentlastungsrate ist.
Generell zeigen die SIMS-Analysergebnisse von Li und B, dass die Konzentration der beiden Spurenelemente mit abnehmender Druckentlastungsgeschwindigkeit allmählich abnimmt. Dies ist darauf zurückzuführen, dass bei längeren Druckentlastungszeiten mehr Zeit für die Diffusion von Li und B in die Blasen zur Verfügung steht und die Schmelze kontinuierlich flüchtige Bestandteile verliert, während die Blasen ihr Volumen ausdehnen.
Bei schnellen Druckentlastungen zeigen die Li- und B-Ergebnisse einen Konzentrationsanstieg mit einer δ7Li- und δ11B-Abnahme in der Nähe der Blasengrenzfläche, was mit der plötzlichen Bildung der Glasbläser und dem Auftreten eines Diffusionsprozesses in der entgegengesetzten Richtung, vom Blasenmeniskus zur unveränderten Schmelze, zusammenhängt. Wenn das Blasenwachstum dominiert und Li und B in die Gasphase übergehen, verarmt die Silikat Schmelze in der Nähe der Blase an Li und B, da die Spurenelemente stärker in die Blase diffundieren.
Unsere Daten werden auf verschiedene Modelle angewandt, die darauf abzielen, die Dynamik der Blasenkernbildung und des Blasenwachstums mit der Entwicklung der Spurenelementkonzentration und des Isotopenverhältnisses zu kombinieren. Hier werden erste Überlegungen zu diesen Modellen vorgestellt und abschließende Bemerkungen zu dieser Forschungsstudie gemacht. Diese Ergebnisse sind eine vielversprechende Grundlage für die weitere Untersuchung von Li und B, um dekompressionsbedingte Magma-Aufstiegsraten in vulkanischen Systemen zu ermitteln.
KW  - magma degassing
KW  - diffusion
KW  - stable isotopes
KW  - isotopic fractionation
KW  - Diffusion
KW  - Isotopenfraktionierung
KW  - Magma-Entgasung
KW  - stabile Isotope
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-560619
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Xu, Pengbo
A1  - Zhou, Tian
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
A1  - Deng, Weihua
T1  - Stochastic harmonic trapping of a Lévy walk: transport and first-passage dynamics under soft resetting strategies
T2  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - We introduce and study a Lévy walk (LW) model of particle spreading with a finite propagation speed combined with soft resets, stochastically occurring periods in which an harmonic external potential is switched on and forces the particle towards a specific position. Soft resets avoid instantaneous relocation of particles that in certain physical settings may be considered unphysical. Moreover, soft resets do not have a specific resetting point but lead the particle towards a resetting point by a restoring Hookean force. Depending on the exact choice for the LW waiting time density and the probability density of the periods when the harmonic potential is switched on, we demonstrate a rich emerging response behaviour including ballistic motion and superdiffusion. When the confinement periods of the soft-reset events are dominant, we observe a particle localisation with an associated non-equilibrium steady state. In this case the stationary particle probability density function turns out to acquire multimodal states. Our derivations are based on Markov chain ideas and LWs with multiple internal states, an approach that may be useful and flexible for the investigation of other generalised random walks with soft and hard resets. The spreading efficiency of soft-rest LWs is characterised by the first-passage time statistic.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1262 
KW  - diffusion
KW  - anomalous diffusion
KW  - stochastic resetting
KW  - Levy walks
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-560402
SN  - 1866-8372
SP  - 1
EP  - 28
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Xu, Pengbo
A1  - Zhou, Tian
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
A1  - Deng, Weihua
T1  - Stochastic harmonic trapping of a Lévy walk
BT  - transport and first-passage dynamics under soft resetting strategies
JF  - New journal of physics : the open-access journal for physics / Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft ; IOP, Institute of Physics
N2  - We introduce and study a Lévy walk (LW) model of particle spreading with a finite propagation speed combined with soft resets, stochastically occurring periods in which an harmonic external potential is switched on and forces the particle towards a specific position. Soft resets avoid instantaneous relocation of particles that in certain physical settings may be considered unphysical. Moreover, soft resets do not have a specific resetting point but lead the particle towards a resetting point by a restoring Hookean force. Depending on the exact choice for the LW waiting time density and the probability density of the periods when the harmonic potential is switched on, we demonstrate a rich emerging response behaviour including ballistic motion and superdiffusion. When the confinement periods of the soft-reset events are dominant, we observe a particle localisation with an associated non-equilibrium steady state. In this case the stationary particle probability density function turns out to acquire multimodal states. Our derivations are based on Markov chain ideas and LWs with multiple internal states, an approach that may be useful and flexible for the investigation of other generalised random walks with soft and hard resets. The spreading efficiency of soft-rest LWs is characterised by the first-passage time statistic.
KW  - diffusion
KW  - anomalous diffusion
KW  - stochastic resetting
KW  - Levy walks
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac5282
SN  - 1367-2630
VL  - 24
IS  - 3
SP  - 1
EP  - 28
PB  - Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft
CY  - Bad Honnef
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Grebenkov, Denis S.
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
A1  - Oshanin, Gleb
T1  - Distribution of first-reaction times with target regions on boundaries of shell-like domains
T2  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - We study the probability density function (PDF) of the first-reaction times between a diffusive ligand and a membrane-bound, immobile imperfect target region in a restricted 'onion-shell' geometry bounded by two nested membranes of arbitrary shapes. For such a setting, encountered in diverse molecular signal transduction pathways or in the narrow escape problem with additional steric constraints, we derive an exact spectral form of the PDF, as well as present its approximate form calculated by help of the so-called self-consistent approximation. For a particular case when the nested domains are concentric spheres, we get a fully explicit form of the approximated PDF, assess the accuracy of this approximation, and discuss various facets of the obtained distributions. Our results can be straightforwardly applied to describe the PDF of the terminal reaction event in multi-stage signal transduction processes.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1255 
KW  - diffusion
KW  - first-passage time
KW  - first-reaction time
KW  - shell-like geometries
KW  - approximate methods
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-557542
SN  - 1866-8372
SP  - 1
EP  - 23
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Grebenkov, Denis S.
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
A1  - Oshanin, Gleb
T1  - Distribution of first-reaction times with target regions on boundaries of shell-like domains
JF  - New Journal of Physics (NJP)
N2  - We study the probability density function (PDF) of the first-reaction times between a diffusive ligand and a membrane-bound, immobile imperfect target region in a restricted 'onion-shell' geometry bounded by two nested membranes of arbitrary shapes. For such a setting, encountered in diverse molecular signal transduction pathways or in the narrow escape problem with additional steric constraints, we derive an exact spectral form of the PDF, as well as present its approximate form calculated by help of the so-called self-consistent approximation. For a particular case when the nested domains are concentric spheres, we get a fully explicit form of the approximated PDF, assess the accuracy of this approximation, and discuss various facets of the obtained distributions. Our results can be straightforwardly applied to describe the PDF of the terminal reaction event in multi-stage signal transduction processes.
KW  - diffusion
KW  - first-passage time
KW  - first-reaction time
KW  - shell-like geometries
KW  - approximate methods
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac4282
SN  - 1367-2630
VL  - 2021
SP  - 1
EP  - 23
PB  - IOP Publishing
CY  - London
ET  - 23
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Hennig, Theresa
T1  - Uranium migration in the Opalinus Clay quantified on the host rock scale with reactive transport simulations
T1  - Uranmigration im Opalinuston quantifiziert für die Wirtsgesteinsskala mit reaktiven Transportsimulationen
N2  - Humankind and their environment need to be protected from the harmful effects of spent nuclear fuel, and therefore disposal in deep geological formations is favoured worldwide. Suitability of potential host rocks is evaluated, among others, by the retention capacity with respect to radionuclides. Safety assessments are based on the quantification of radionuclide migration lengths with numerical simulations as experiments cannot cover the required temporal (1 Ma) and spatial scales (>100 m). 

Aim of the present thesis is to assess the migration of uranium, a geochemically complex radionuclide, in the potential host rock Opalinus Clay. Radionuclide migration in clay formations is governed by diffusion due to their low permeability and retarded by sorption. Both processes highly depend on pore water geochemistry and mineralogy that vary between different facies. Diffusion is quantified with the single-component (SC) approach using one diffusion coefficient for all species and the process-based multi-component (MC) option. With this, each species is assigned its own diffusion coefficient and the interaction with the diffuse double layer is taken into account. Sorption is integrated via a bottom-up approach using mechanistic surface complexation models and cation exchange. Therefore, reactive transport simulations are conducted with the geochemical code PHREEQC to quantify uranium migration, i.e. diffusion and sorption, as a function of mineralogical and geochemical heterogeneities on the host rock scale.

Sorption processes are facies dependent. Migration lengths vary between the Opalinus Clay facies by up to 10 m. Thereby, the geochemistry of the pore water, in particular the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), is more decisive for the sorption capacity than the amount of clay minerals. Nevertheless, higher clay mineral quantities compensate geochemical variations. Consequently, sorption processes must be quantified as a function of pore water geochemistry in contact with the mineral assemblage. 

Uranium diffusion in the Opalinus Clay is facies independent. Speciation is dominated by aqueous ternary complexes of U(VI) with calcium and carbonate. Differences in the migration lengths between SC and MC diffusion are with +/-5 m negligible. Further, the application of the MC approach highly depends on the quality and availability of the underlying data. Therefore, diffusion processes can be adequately quantified with the SC approach using experimentally determined diffusion coefficients.

The hydrogeological system governs pore water geochemistry within the formation rather than the mineralogy. Diffusive exchange with the adjacent aquifers established geochemical gradients over geological time scales that can enhance migration by up to 25 m. Consequently, uranium sorption processes must be quantified following the identified priority: pCO2 > hydrogeology > mineralogy.  

The presented research provides a workflow and orientation for other potential disposal sites with similar pore water geochemistry due to the identified mechanisms and dependencies. With a maximum migration length of 70 m, the retention capacity of the Opalinus Clay with respect to uranium is sufficient to fulfill the German legal minimum requirement of a thickness of at least 100 m.
N2  - Zum Schutz von Mensch und Umwelt vor den schädlichen Auswirkungen abgebrannter Brennelemente, wird weltweit die Endlagerung in tiefen geologischen Formationen favorisiert. Daher ist das Rückhaltevermögen potenzieller Wirtsgesteine gegenüber Radionukliden ein wichtiges Kriterium. Sicherheitsbewertungen basieren auf der Quantifizierung der Migration mit numerischen Simulationen, da Experimente die erforderlichen zeitlichen (1 Ma) und räumlichen Skalen (>100 m) nicht abdecken können. 

Ziel der Dissertation ist es, die Migration des geochemisch komplexen Radionuklids Uran im potenziellen Wirtsgestein Opalinuston zu bewerten. In Tonformationen wird die Radionuklidmigration aufgrund der geringen Durchlässigkeit von Diffusion bestimmt und durch Sorption verzögert. Beide Prozesse hängen stark von der Porenwassergeochemie und Mineralogie ab, die zwischen verschiedenen Fazies variieren. Die Diffusion wird mit dem Einkomponenten- (SC) und Mehrkomponentenansatz (MC) quantifiziert. Nach dem SC-Ansatz wird ein Diffusionskoeffizient für alle Spezies verwendet, wohingegen mit der MC-Option individuelle Werte zugewiesen und die Interaktion mit der diffusen Doppelschicht berücksichtigt wird. Die Sorption ist mit Hilfe mechanistischer Oberflächenkomplexierungsmodelle und Kationenaustausch integriert. Die Durchführung reaktiver Transportsimulationen mit dem Code PHREEQC ermöglicht die Quantifizierung der Uranmigration, d. h. Diffusion und Sorption, in Abhängigkeit der Mineralogie und Porenwassergeochemie für die Wirtsgesteinsskala.

Sorptionsprozesse sind faziesabhängig. Die Migrationslängen variieren um bis zu 10 m zwischen den Fazies aufgrund von Unterschieden in der Porenwassergeochemie. Dabei ist insbesondere der Partialdruck des Kohlendioxids (pCO2) entscheidender für die Sorptionskapazität als die Menge an Tonmineralen. Allerdings kompensieren höhere Tonmineralmengen geochemische Schwankungen. Folglich müssen Sorptionsprozesse in Abhängigkeit der Porenwassergeochemie quantifiziert werden. 

Urandiffusion ist faziesunabhängig. Die Speziation wird durch aquatische ternäre Komplexe von U(VI) mit Kalzium und Karbonat dominiert. Die Unterschiede in den Migrationslängen zwischen SC- und MC-Diffusion sind mit +/-5 m vernachlässigbar. Die Anwendung des MC-Ansatzes hängt stark von der Qualität und Verfügbarkeit der zugrunde liegenden Daten ab. Diffusionsprozesse können also mit dem SC-Ansatz unter Verwendung experimentell ermittelter Diffusionskoeffizienten quantifiziert werden.

Haupteinflussfaktor auf die Porenwassergeochemie ist das hydrogeologische System und nicht die Mineralogie. Der diffusive Austausch mit den angrenzenden Aquiferen hat über geologische Zeiträume geochemische Gradienten geschaffen, die die Migration um bis zu 25 m verlängern können. Folglich müssen Sorptionsprozesse nach der identifizierten Priorität quantifiziert werden: pCO2 > Hydrogeologie > Mineralogie.  

Die ermittelten Abhängigkeiten dienen als Orientierung für andere potenzielle Endlagerstandorte mit ähnlicher Porenwassergeochemie. Mit einer maximalen Migration von 70 m reicht das Rückhaltevermögen des Opalinustons gegenüber Uran aus, um die deutsche gesetzliche Mindestanforderung von 100 m Mächtigkeit zu erfüllen.
KW  - uranium
KW  - Opalinus Clay
KW  - PHREEQC
KW  - diffusion
KW  - sorption
KW  - nuclear waste disposal
KW  - reactive transport simulation
KW  - host rock scale
KW  - Opalinuston
KW  - PHREEQC
KW  - Diffusion
KW  - Wirtsgesteinsskala
KW  - Endlagerung nuklearer Abfälle
KW  - reaktive Transportsimulation
KW  - Sorption
KW  - Uran
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-552700
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Makwana, Kirit D.
A1  - Yan, Huirong
T1  - Properties of magnetohydrodynamic modes in compressively driven plasma turbulence
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - We study properties of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) eigenmodes by decomposing the data of MHD simulations into linear MHD modes-namely, the Alfven, slow magnetosonic, and fast magnetosonic modes. We drive turbulence with a mixture of solenoidal and compressive driving while varying the Alfven Mach number (M-A), plasma beta, and the sonic Mach number from subsonic to transsonic. We find that the proportion of fast and slow modes in the mode mixture increases with increasing compressive forcing. This proportion of the magnetosonic modes can also become the dominant fraction in the mode mixture. The anisotropy of the modes is analyzed by means of their structure functions. The Alfven-mode anisotropy is consistent with the Goldreich-Sridhar theory. We find a transition from weak to strong Alfvenic turbulence as we go from low to high M-A. The slow-mode properties are similar to the Alfven mode. On the other hand, the isotropic nature of fast modes is verified in the cases where the fast mode is a significant fraction of the mode mixture. The fast-mode behavior does not show any transition in going from low to high M-A. We find indications that there is some interaction between the different modes, and the properties of the dominant mode can affect the properties of the weaker modes. This work identifies the conditions under which magnetosonic modes can be a major fraction of turbulent astrophysical plasmas, including the regime of weak turbulence. Important astrophysical implications for cosmic-ray transport and magnetic reconnection are discussed.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1225 
KW  - mhd turbulence
KW  - star formation
KW  - simulations
KW  - Anisotropy
KW  - diffusion
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-531607
SN  - 1866-8372
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
PB  - American Physical Society (APS)
CY  - College Park
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Grätz, Fabio M.
A1  - Seiss, Martin
A1  - Spahn, Frank
T1  - Formation of moon-induced gaps in dense planetary rings
BT  - application to the rings of saturn
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics
N2  - We develop an axisymmetric diffusion model to describe radial density profiles in the vicinity of tiny moons embedded in planetary rings. Our diffusion model accounts for the gravitational scattering of the ring particles by an embedded moon and for the viscous diffusion of the ring matter back into the gap. With test particle simulations, we show that the scattering of the ring particles passing the moon is larger for small impact parameters than estimated by Goldreich & Tremaine and Namouni. This is significant for modeling the Keeler gap. We apply our model to the gaps of the moons Pan and Daphnis embedded in the outer A ring of Saturn with the aim to estimate the shear viscosity of the ring in the vicinity of the Encke and Keeler gap. In addition, we analyze whether tiny icy moons whose dimensions lie below Cassini's resolution capabilities would be able to explain the gap structure of the C ring and the Cassini division.
KW  - diffusion
KW  - planets and satellites: rings
KW  - scattering
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aace00
SN  - 0004-637X
SN  - 1538-4357
VL  - 862
IS  - 2
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Grebenkov, Denis S.
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
A1  - Oshanin, Gleb
T1  - A molecular relay race: sequential first-passage events to the terminal reaction centre in a cascade of diffusion controlled processes
JF  - New Journal of Physics (NJP)
N2  - We consider a sequential cascade of molecular first-reaction events towards a terminal reaction centre in which each reaction step is controlled by diffusive motion of the particles. The model studied here represents a typical reaction setting encountered in diverse molecular biology systems, in which, e.g. a signal transduction proceeds via a series of consecutive 'messengers': the first messenger has to find its respective immobile target site triggering a launch of the second messenger, the second messenger seeks its own target site and provokes a launch of the third messenger and so on, resembling a relay race in human competitions. For such a molecular relay race taking place in infinite one-, two- and three-dimensional systems, we find exact expressions for the probability density function of the time instant of the terminal reaction event, conditioned on preceding successful reaction events on an ordered array of target sites. The obtained expressions pertain to the most general conditions: number of intermediate stages and the corresponding diffusion coefficients, the sizes of the target sites, the distances between them, as well as their reactivities are arbitrary.
KW  - diffusion
KW  - reaction cascade
KW  - first passage time
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac1e42
SN  - 1367-2630
VL  - 23
PB  - IOP - Institute of Physics Publishing
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Grebenkov, Denis S.
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
A1  - Oshanin, Gleb
T1  - A molecular relay race: sequential first-passage events to the terminal reaction centre in a cascade of diffusion controlled processes
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - We consider a sequential cascade of molecular first-reaction events towards a terminal reaction centre in which each reaction step is controlled by diffusive motion of the particles. The model studied here represents a typical reaction setting encountered in diverse molecular biology systems, in which, e.g. a signal transduction proceeds via a series of consecutive 'messengers': the first messenger has to find its respective immobile target site triggering a launch of the second messenger, the second messenger seeks its own target site and provokes a launch of the third messenger and so on, resembling a relay race in human competitions. For such a molecular relay race taking place in infinite one-, two- and three-dimensional systems, we find exact expressions for the probability density function of the time instant of the terminal reaction event, conditioned on preceding successful reaction events on an ordered array of target sites. The obtained expressions pertain to the most general conditions: number of intermediate stages and the corresponding diffusion coefficients, the sizes of the target sites, the distances between them, as well as their reactivities are arbitrary.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1159 
KW  - diffusion
KW  - reaction cascade
KW  - first passage time
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-521942
SN  - 1866-8372
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Seiß, Martin
A1  - Albers, Nicole
A1  - Sremčević, Miodrag
A1  - Schmidt, Jürgen
A1  - Salo, Heikki
A1  - Seiler, Michael
A1  - Hoffmann, Holger
A1  - Spahn, Frank
T1  - Hydrodynamic Simulations of Moonlet-induced Propellers in Saturn's Rings
BT  - Application to Bleriot
JF  - The astronomical journal
N2  - One of the biggest successes of the Cassini mission is the detection of small moons (moonlets) embedded in Saturns rings that cause S-shaped density structures in their close vicinity, called propellers. Here, we present isothermal hydrodynamic simulations of moonlet-induced propellers in Saturn's A ring that denote a further development of the original model. We find excellent agreement between these new hydrodynamic and corresponding N-body simulations. Furthermore, the hydrodynamic simulations confirm the predicted scaling laws and the analytical solution for the density in the propeller gaps. Finally, this mean field approach allows us to simulate the pattern of the giant propeller Blériot, which is too large to be modeled by direct N-body simulations. Our results are compared to two stellar occultation observations by the Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (UVIS), which intersect the propeller Blériot. Best fits to the UVIS optical depth profiles are achieved for a Hill radius of 590 m, which implies a moonlet diameter of about 860 m. Furthermore, the model favors a kinematic shear viscosity of the surrounding ring material of ν0 = 340 cm2 s−1, a dispersion velocity in the range of 0.3 cm s−1 < c0 < 1.5 cm s−1, and a fairly high bulk viscosity 7 < ξ0/ν0 < 17. These large transport values might be overestimated by our isothermal ring model and should be reviewed by an extended model including thermal fluctuations.
KW  - diffusion
KW  - hydrodynamics
KW  - planets and satellites: rings
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aaed44
SN  - 0004-6256
SN  - 1538-3881
VL  - 157
IS  - 1
PB  - IOP Publishing Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Abdalla, Hassan E.
A1  - Aharonian, Felix A.
A1  - Benkhali, F. Ait
A1  - Angüner, Ekrem Oǧuzhan
A1  - Arakawa, M.
A1  - Arcaro, C.
A1  - Armand, C.
A1  - Arrieta, M.
A1  - Backes, M.
A1  - Barnard, M.
A1  - Becherini, Y.
A1  - Tjus, J. Becker
A1  - Berge, D.
A1  - Bernloehr, K.
A1  - Blackwell, R.
A1  - Bottcher, M.
A1  - Boisson, C.
A1  - Bolmont, J.
A1  - Bonnefoy, S.
A1  - Bordas, Pol
A1  - Bregeon, J.
A1  - Brun, F.
A1  - Brun, P.
A1  - Bryan, M.
A1  - Buechele, M.
A1  - Bulik, T.
A1  - Bylund, T.
A1  - Capasso, M.
A1  - Caroff, S.
A1  - Carosi, A.
A1  - Casanova, Sabrina
A1  - Cerruti, M.
A1  - Chakraborty, N.
A1  - Chand, T.
A1  - Chandra, S.
A1  - Chaves, R. C. G.
A1  - Chen, A.
A1  - Colafrancesco, S.
A1  - Condon, B.
A1  - Davids, I. D.
A1  - Deil, C.
A1  - Devin, J.
A1  - deWilt, P.
A1  - Dirson, L.
A1  - Djannati-Atai, A.
A1  - Dmytriiev, A.
A1  - Donath, A.
A1  - Doroshenko, V
A1  - Dyks, J.
A1  - Egberts, Kathrin
A1  - Emery, G.
A1  - Ernenwein, J-P
A1  - Eschbach, S.
A1  - Fegan, S.
A1  - Fiasson, A.
A1  - Fontaine, G.
A1  - Funk, S.
A1  - Fuessling, M.
A1  - Gabici, S.
A1  - Gallant, Y. A.
A1  - Gate, F.
A1  - Giavitto, G.
A1  - Glawion, D.
A1  - Glicenstein, J. F.
A1  - Gottschall, D.
A1  - Grondin, M-H
A1  - Hahn, J.
A1  - Haupt, M.
A1  - Heinzelmann, G.
A1  - Henri, G.
A1  - Hermann, G.
A1  - Hinton, James Anthony
A1  - Hofmann, W.
A1  - Hoischen, Clemens
A1  - Holch, Tim Lukas
A1  - Holler, M.
A1  - Horns, D.
A1  - Huber, D.
A1  - Iwasaki, H.
A1  - Jacholkowska, A.
A1  - Jamrozy, M.
A1  - Jankowsky, D.
A1  - Jankowsky, F.
A1  - Jouvin, L.
A1  - Jung-Richardt, I
A1  - Kastendieck, M. A.
A1  - Katarzynski, K.
A1  - Katsuragawa, M.
A1  - Katz, U.
A1  - Kerszberg, D.
A1  - Khangulyan, D.
A1  - Khelifi, B.
A1  - King, J.
A1  - Klepser, S.
A1  - Kluzniak, W.
A1  - Komin, Nu
A1  - Kosack, K.
A1  - Kraus, M.
A1  - Lamanna, G.
A1  - Lau, J.
A1  - Lefaucheur, J.
A1  - Lemiere, A.
A1  - Lemoine-Goumard, M.
A1  - Lenain, J-P
A1  - Leser, Eva
A1  - Lohse, T.
A1  - Lopez-Coto, R.
A1  - Lypova, I
A1  - Malyshev, D.
A1  - Marandon, V
A1  - Marcowith, Alexandre
A1  - Mariaud, C.
A1  - Marti-Devesa, G.
A1  - Marx, R.
A1  - Maurin, G.
A1  - Meintjes, P. J.
A1  - Mitchell, A. M. W.
A1  - Moderski, R.
A1  - Mohamed, M.
A1  - Mohrmann, L.
A1  - Moore, C.
A1  - Moulin, Emmanuel
A1  - Murach, T.
A1  - Nakashima, S.
A1  - de Naurois, M.
A1  - Ndiyavala, H.
A1  - Niederwanger, F.
A1  - Niemiec, J.
A1  - Oakes, L.
A1  - Odaka, H.
A1  - Ohm, S.
A1  - Ostrowski, M.
A1  - Oya, I
A1  - Panter, M.
A1  - Parsons, R. D.
A1  - Perennes, C.
A1  - Petrucci, P-O
A1  - Peyaud, B.
A1  - Piel, Q.
A1  - Pita, S.
A1  - Poireau, V
A1  - Noel, A. Priyana
A1  - Prokhorov, D. A.
A1  - Prokoph, H.
A1  - Puehlhofer, G.
A1  - Punch, M.
A1  - Quirrenbach, A.
A1  - Raab, S.
A1  - Rauth, R.
A1  - Reimer, A.
A1  - Reimer, O.
A1  - Renaud, M.
A1  - Rieger, F.
A1  - Rinchiuso, L.
A1  - Romoli, C.
A1  - Rowell, G.
A1  - Rudak, B.
A1  - Ruiz-Velasco, E.
A1  - Sahakian, V
A1  - Saito, S.
A1  - Sanchez, David M.
A1  - Santangelo, A.
A1  - Sasaki, M.
A1  - Schlickeiser, R.
A1  - Schussler, F.
A1  - Schulz, A.
A1  - Schutte, H.
A1  - Schwanke, U.
A1  - Schwemmer, S.
A1  - Seglar-Arroyo, M.
A1  - Senniappan, M.
A1  - Seyffert, A. S.
A1  - Shafi, N.
A1  - Shilon, I
A1  - Shiningayamwe, K.
A1  - Simoni, R.
A1  - Sinha, A.
A1  - Sol, H.
A1  - Specovius, A.
A1  - Spir-Jacob, M.
A1  - Stawarz, L.
A1  - Steenkamp, R.
A1  - Stegmann, Christian
A1  - Steppa, Constantin Beverly
A1  - Takahashi, T.
A1  - Tavernet, J-P
A1  - Tavernier, T.
A1  - Taylor, A. M.
A1  - Terrier, R.
A1  - Tibaldo, L.
A1  - Tiziani, D.
A1  - Tluczykont, M.
A1  - Trichard, C.
A1  - Tsirou, M.
A1  - Tsuji, N.
A1  - Tuffs, R.
A1  - Uchiyama, Y.
A1  - van der Walt, D. J.
A1  - van Eldik, C.
A1  - van Rensburg, C.
A1  - van Soelen, B.
A1  - Vasileiadis, G.
A1  - Veh, J.
A1  - Venter, C.
A1  - Vincent, P.
A1  - Vink, J.
A1  - Voisin, F.
A1  - Voelk, H. J.
A1  - Vuillaume, T.
A1  - Wadiasingh, Z.
A1  - Wagner, S. J.
A1  - Wagner, R. M.
A1  - White, R.
A1  - Wierzcholska, A.
A1  - Yang, R.
A1  - Yoneda, H.
A1  - Zaborov, D.
A1  - Zacharias, M.
A1  - Zanin, R.
A1  - Zdziarski, A. A.
A1  - Zech, Alraune
A1  - Zefi, F.
A1  - Ziegler, A.
A1  - Zorn, J.
A1  - Zywucka, N.
T1  - Particle transport within the pulsar wind nebula HESS J1825-137
JF  - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal
N2  - Context. We present a detailed view of the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) HESS J1825-137. We aim to constrain the mechanisms dominating the particle transport within the nebula, accounting for its anomalously large size and spectral characteristics. Aims. The nebula was studied using a deep exposure from over 12 years of H.E.S.S. I operation, together with data from H.E.S.S. II that improve the low-energy sensitivity. Enhanced energy-dependent morphological and spatially resolved spectral analyses probe the very high energy (VHE, E > 0.1 TeV) gamma-ray properties of the nebula. Methods. The nebula emission is revealed to extend out to 1.5 degrees from the pulsar, similar to 1.5 times farther than previously seen, making HESS J1825-137, with an intrinsic diameter of similar to 100 pc, potentially the largest gamma-ray PWN currently known. Characterising the strongly energy-dependent morphology of the nebula enables us to constrain the particle transport mechanisms. A dependence of the nebula extent with energy of R proportional to E alpha with alpha = -0.29 +/- 0.04(stat) +/- 0.05(sys) disfavours a pure diffusion scenario for particle transport within the nebula. The total gamma-ray flux of the nebula above 1 TeV is found to be (1.12 +/- 0.03(stat) +/- 0.25(sys)) +/- 10(-11) cm(-2) s(-1), corresponding to similar to 64% of the flux of the Crab nebula. Results. HESS J1825-137 is a PWN with clearly energy-dependent morphology at VHE gamma-ray energies. This source is used as a laboratory to investigate particle transport within intermediate-age PWNe. Based on deep observations of this highly spatially extended PWN, we produce a spectral map of the region that provides insights into the spectral variation within the nebula.
KW  - gamma rays: general
KW  - acceleration of particles
KW  - convection
KW  - diffusion
KW  - pulsars: general
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834335
SN  - 1432-0746
VL  - 621
PB  - EDP Sciences
CY  - Les Ulis
ER  -