TY - JOUR A1 - Šimík, Radek T1 - On doubling unconditionals JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432267 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 155 EP - 169 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmermann, Malte T1 - Im Korpus gibt’s keine Vögel nicht BT - A corpus study on Negative Concord in Eastern German dialects JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432541 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 287 EP - 306 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Yin, Chunhong T1 - The interplay of nanostructure and efficiency of polymer solar cells T1 - Einfluss der Nanostruktur auf die Effizienz von Polymer-Solarzellen N2 - The aim of this thesis is to achieve a deep understanding of the working mechanism of polymer based solar cells and to improve the device performance. Two types of the polymer based solar cells are studied here: all-polymer solar cells comprising macromolecular donors and acceptors based on poly(p-phenylene vinylene) and hybrid cells comprising a PPV copolymer in combination with a novel small molecule electron acceptor. To understand the interplay between morphology and photovoltaic properties in all-polymer devices, I compared the photocurrent characteristics and excited state properties of bilayer and blend devices with different nano-morphology, which was fine tuned by using solvents with different boiling points. The main conclusion from these complementary measurements was that the performance-limiting step is the field-dependent generation of free charge carriers, while bimolecular recombination and charge extraction do not compromise device performance. These findings imply that the proper design of the donor-acceptor heterojunction is of major importance towards the goal of high photovoltaic efficiencies. Regarding polymer-small molecular hybrid solar cells I combined the hole-transporting polymer M3EH-PPV with a novel Vinazene-based electron acceptor. This molecule can be either deposited from solution or by thermal evaporation, allowing for a large variety of layer architectures to be realized. I then demonstrated that the layer architecture has a large influence on the photovoltaic properties. Solar cells with very high fill factors of up to 57 % and an open circuit voltage of 1V could be achieved by realizing a sharp and well-defined donor-acceptor heterojunction. In the past, fill factors exceeding 50 % have only been observed for polymers in combination with soluble fullerene-derivatives or nanocrystalline inorganic semiconductors as the electron-accepting component. The finding that proper processing of polymer-vinazene devices leads to similar high values is a major step towards the design of efficient polymer-based solar cells. N2 - Ziel dieser Dissertation ist es, die grundlegende Arbeitsweise von polymerbasierten Solarzellen zu verstehen und ihre Leistungsfähigkeit zu erhöhen. Zwei Arten von organischen Solarzellen werden untersucht: Solarzellen, bei denen sowohl Elektronendonator und akzeptor auf Poly(p-phenylen-vinylen) basieren sowie Zellen, bei denen ein PPV-Copolymer als Elektronendonator und organische kleine Moleküle als Elektronenakzeptor fungierten. Um die Zusammenhänge zwischen Morphologie und photovoltaischen Eigenschaften zu verstehen, untersuchte ich Photoströme sowie die Eigenschaften angeregter Zustände in Zweischicht- und Mischsolarzellen mit unterschiedlicher Nano-Morphologie, welche durch die Verwendung von Lösungsmitteln mit unterschiedlichen Siedetemperaturen modifiziert wurde. Die Hauptschlussfolgerung aus diesen Messungen ist, dass der effizienzlimitierende Faktor die feldabhängige Generation freier Ladungsträger ist, wohingegen bimolekulare Rekombination oder die Extraktion der Ladungsträger die Leistungsfähigkeit von Polymer-Polymer- Solarzellen nicht beeinträchtigen. Diese Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass die gezielte Einstellung der Donator-Akzeptor-Grenzfläche von besonderer Bedeutung zum Erreichen hoher Effizienzen ist. In Hybridsolarzellen aus Polymeren und kleinen Molekülen kombinierte ich das lochleitende konjugierte Polymer M3EH-PPV mit einem neuartigen Vinazen-Molekül als Elektronen-akzeptor. Dieses Molekül bietet die Möglichkeit, entweder aus einer Lösung heraus verarbeitet oder im Hochvakuum verdampft zu werden, wodurch eine Vielzahl an unterschiedlichen Probenstrukturen realisiert werden kann. Dadurch konnte ich zeigen, dass die Struktur der aktiven Schicht einen großen Einfluss auf die photovoltaischen Eigenschaften hat. Die Solarzellen erreichten einen Füllfaktor von bis zu 57% und eine Kurzschluss¬spannung von 1 V. In der Vergangenheit konnten bei polymerbasierten Solarzellen Füllfaktoren über 50% nur in Verbindung mit Fullerenen oder nanokristallinen anorganischen Halbleitern als Akzeptoren erreicht werden. Das Resultat, dass bei geeigneter Präparation der Polymer-Vinazen-Schicht vergleichbare Ergebnisse erzielt werden können, ist ein bedeutender Schritt hin zu effizienteren Polymersolarzellen. KW - Nanostruktur KW - Polymer-Solarzelle KW - Effizienz KW - Morphologie KW - Polymer solar cells KW - nanostructure KW - efficiency KW - morphology Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-29054 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wischke, Christian A1 - Lendlein, Andreas T1 - Functional nanocarriers by miniaturization of polymeric materials T2 - Nanomedicine KW - function KW - microscale KW - morphology KW - nanoscale KW - polymer Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2217/nnm.16.45 SN - 1743-5889 SN - 1748-6963 VL - 11 SP - 1507 EP - 1509 PB - Future Medicine CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weber, Nancy A1 - Tiersch, Brigitte A1 - Unterlass, Miriam M. A1 - Heilig, Anneliese A1 - Tauer, Klaus T1 - "Schizomorphic" Emulsion Copolymerization Particles JF - Macromolecular rapid communications N2 - Cryo-electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and light microscopy investigations provide experimental evidence that amphiphilic emulsion copolymerization particles change their morphology in dependence on concentration. The shape of the particles is spherical at solids content above 1%, but it changes to rod-like, ring-like, and web-like structures at lower concentrations. In addition, the shape and morphology of these particles at low concentrations are not fixed but very flexible and vary with time between spheres, flexible pearlnecklace structures, and stretched rods. KW - amphiphilic particles KW - emulsion polymerization KW - morphology Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.201100491 SN - 1022-1336 VL - 32 IS - 23 SP - 1925 EP - 1929 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Malden ER - TY - GEN A1 - Vidal‐García, Marta A1 - Bandara, Lashi A1 - Keogh, J. Scott T1 - ShapeRotator BT - An R tool for standardized rigid rotations of articulated three-dimensional structures with application for geometric morphometrics T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The quantification of complex morphological patterns typically involves comprehensive shape and size analyses, usually obtained by gathering morphological data from all the structures that capture the phenotypic diversity of an organism or object. Articulated structures are a critical component of overall phenotypic diversity, but data gathered from these structures are difficult to incorporate into modern analyses because of the complexities associated with jointly quantifying 3D shape in multiple structures. While there are existing methods for analyzing shape variation in articulated structures in two-dimensional (2D) space, these methods do not work in 3D, a rapidly growing area of capability and research. Here, we describe a simple geometric rigid rotation approach that removes the effect of random translation and rotation, enabling the morphological analysis of 3D articulated structures. Our method is based on Cartesian coordinates in 3D space, so it can be applied to any morphometric problem that also uses 3D coordinates (e.g., spherical harmonics). We demonstrate the method by applying it to a landmark-based dataset for analyzing shape variation using geometric morphometrics. We have developed an R tool (ShapeRotator) so that the method can be easily implemented in the commonly used R package geomorph and MorphoJ software. This method will be a valuable tool for 3D morphological analyses in articulated structures by allowing an exhaustive examination of shape and size diversity. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 818 KW - articulation KW - morphology KW - motion correction KW - multi-modular morphology Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-426321 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 818 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vidal-Garcia, Marta A1 - Bandara, Lashi A1 - Keogh, J. Scott T1 - ShapeRotator BT - an R tool for standardized rigid rotations of articulated three-dimensional structures with application for geometric morphometrics JF - Ecology and evolution N2 - The quantification of complex morphological patterns typically involves comprehensive shape and size analyses, usually obtained by gathering morphological data from all the structures that capture the phenotypic diversity of an organism or object. Articulated structures are a critical component of overall phenotypic diversity, but data gathered from these structures are difficult to incorporate into modern analyses because of the complexities associated with jointly quantifying 3D shape in multiple structures. While there are existing methods for analyzing shape variation in articulated structures in two-dimensional (2D) space, these methods do not work in 3D, a rapidly growing area of capability and research. Here, we describe a simple geometric rigid rotation approach that removes the effect of random translation and rotation, enabling the morphological analysis of 3D articulated structures. Our method is based on Cartesian coordinates in 3D space, so it can be applied to any morphometric problem that also uses 3D coordinates (e.g., spherical harmonics). We demonstrate the method by applying it to a landmark-based dataset for analyzing shape variation using geometric morphometrics. We have developed an R tool (ShapeRotator) so that the method can be easily implemented in the commonly used R package geomorph and MorphoJ software. This method will be a valuable tool for 3D morphological analyses in articulated structures by allowing an exhaustive examination of shape and size diversity. KW - articulation KW - morphology KW - motion correction KW - multi-modular morphology Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4018 SN - 2045-7758 VL - 8 IS - 9 SP - 4669 EP - 4675 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Uygun, Serkan A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Morphological processing in heritage speakers BT - a masked priming study on the Turkish aorist JF - Bilingualism : language and cognition N2 - Previous research has shown that heritage speakers struggle with inflectional morphology. 'Limitations of online resources' for processing a non-dominant language has been claimed as one possible reason for these difficulties. To date, however, there is very little experimental evidence on real-time language processing in heritage speakers. Here we report results from a masked priming experiment with 97 bilingual (Turkish/German) heritage speakers and a control group of 40 non-heritage speakers of Turkish examining regular and irregular forms of the Turkish aorist. We found that, for the regular aorist, heritage speakers use the same morphological decomposition mechanism ('affix stripping') as control speakers, whereas for processing irregularly inflected forms they exhibited more variability (i.e., less homogeneous performance) than the control group. Heritage speakers also demonstrated semantic priming effects. At a more general level, these results indicate that heritage speakers draw on multiple sources of information for recognizing morphologically complex words. KW - Turkish KW - morphology KW - aorist KW - priming KW - variability KW - processing Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728920000577 SN - 1366-7289 SN - 1469-1841 VL - 24 IS - 3 SP - 415 EP - 426 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Turner, Sarah T. A1 - Pingel, Patrick A1 - Steyrleuthner, Robert A1 - Crossland, Edward J. W. A1 - Ludwigs, Sabine A1 - Neher, Dieter T1 - Quantitative analysis of bulk heterojunction films using linear absorption spectroscopy and solar cell performance JF - Advanced functional materials N2 - A fundamental understanding of the relationship between the bulk morphology and device performance is required for the further development of bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. Here, non-optimized (chloroform cast) and nearly optimized (solvent-annealed o-dichlorobenzene cast) P3HT:PCBM blend films treated over a range of annealing temperatures are studied via optical and photovoltaic device measurements. Parameters related to the P3HT aggregate morphology in the blend are obtained through a recently established analytical model developed by F. C. Spano for the absorption of weakly interacting H-aggregates. Thermally induced changes are related to the glass transition range of the blend. In the chloroform prepared devices, the improvement in device efficiency upon annealing within the glass transition range can be attributed to the growth of P3HT aggregates, an overall increase in the percentage of chain crystallinity, and a concurrent increase in the hole mobilities. Films treated above the glass transition range show an increase in efficiency and fill factor not only associated with the change in chain crystallinity, but also with a decrease in the energetic disorder. On the other hand, the properties of the P3HT phase in the solvent-annealed o-dichlorobenzene cast blends are almost indistinguishable from those of the corresponding pristine P3HT layer and are only weakly affected by thermal annealing. Apparently, slow drying of the blend allows the P3HT chains to crystallize into large domains with low degrees of intra- and interchain disorder. This morphology appears to be most favorable for the efficient generation and extraction of charges. KW - Organic electronics KW - morphology KW - solar cells KW - mobility KW - absorption spectroscopy Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201101583 SN - 1616-301X VL - 21 IS - 24 SP - 4640 EP - 4652 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - THES A1 - Trommer, Jochen T1 - Distributed optimality N2 - In dieser Dissertation schlage ich eine Synthese (Distributed Optimality, DO) von Optimalitätstheorie und einem derivationellen, morphologischem Asatz, Distributed Morphology (DM; Halle & Marantz, 1993) vor. Durch die Integration von OT in DM wird es möglich, Phänomene, die in DM durch sprachspezifische Regeln oder Merkmale von lexikalischen Einträge erfasst werden, auf die Interaktion von verletzbaren, universellen Constraints zurückzuführen. Andererseits leistet auch DM zwei substantielle Beiträge zu DO, Lokalität und Impoverishment. Lokalität erlaubt eine formal einfache Interpretation von DO, während sich Impoverishment als unverzichtbar erweist, um Kongruenz-Morphologie adäquat zu beschreiben. Die empirische Grundlage der Arbeit sind die komplexen Kongruenzsysteme von genetisch unterschiedlichen Sprachen. Der theoretische Schwerpunkt liegt in zwei Bereichen: Erstens, sogenannte Direkt/Invers-Markierung, für die gezeigt wird, dass eine Behandlung durch Constraints über Merkmalsrealisierung am angemessensten ist. Zweitens, die Effekte von Abfolge-Constraints, die den Satus von Affixen als Präfixe und Suffixe sowie ihre relative Reihenfolge regeln. Eine konkrete Typologie für die Abfolge von Kongruenz-Affixen auf der Basis von OT-Constraints wird vorgeschlagen. N2 - In this thesis I propose a synthesis (Distributed Optimality, DO) between Optimality Theory (OT, Prince & Smolensky, 1993) and a morphological framework in a genuine derivational tradition, namely Distributed Morphology (DM) as developed by Halle & Marantz (1993). By carrying over the apparatus of OT to DM, phenomena which are captured in DM by language-specific rules or features of lexical entries, are given a more principled account in the terms of ranked universal constraints. On the other hand, also the DM part makes two contributions, namely strong locality and impoverishment. The first gives rise to a simple formal interpretation of DO, while the latter is shown to be indispensable in any theoretically satisfying account of agreement morphology. The empirical basis of the work is given by the complex agreement morphology of genetically different languages. Theoretical focus is mainly on two areas: First, so-called direction marking which is shown to be preferably treated in terms of constraints on feature realization. Second, the effects of precedence constraints which are claimed to regulate the status of agreement affixes as prefixes or suffixes and their respective order. A universal typology for the order of agreement categories by means of OT-constraints is proposed. KW - Morphologie KW - Optimalitätstheorie KW - Flexion KW - Optimalitätstheorie KW - Affixabfolge KW - morphology KW - Optimality Theory KW - inflection KW - Distributed Morphology KW - affix order Y1 - 2001 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-0001377 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Titov, Elena T1 - Accusative Unaccusatives BT - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432515 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 243 EP - 256 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thiersch, Craig T1 - A note on apparent sluicing in Malagasy JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432341 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 185 EP - 209 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stiebels, Barbara T1 - Bienenfresserortungsversuch BT - compounding with clause-embedding heads JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431921 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 15 EP - 26 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Staudacher, Peter T1 - Plato on nature (φύσις) and convention (συνθήκη) JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-433193 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 395 EP - 411 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Skopeteas, Stavros T1 - Splits and Birds JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432578 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 335 EP - 341 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schöne, Anne-Christin A1 - Schulz, Burkhard A1 - Richau, Klaus A1 - Kratz, Karl A1 - Lendlein, Andreas T1 - Characterization of Langmuir films prepared from copolyesterurethanes based on oligo(omega-pentadecalactone) and oligo(epsilon-caprolactone)segments JF - Macromolecular chemistry and physics N2 - A series of multiblock copolymers (PDLCL) synthesized from oligo(omega-pentadecalactone) diol (OPDL) and oligo(epsilon-caprolactone) diol (OCL), which are linked by 2,2(4), 4-trimethyl-hexamethylene diisocyanate (TMDI), is investigated by the Langmuir monolayer technique at the air-water interface. Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) and spectroscopic ellipsometry are employed to characterize the polymer film morphologies in situ. PDLCL containing >= 40 wt% OCL segments form homogeneous Langmuir monofilms after spreading. The film elasticity modulus decreases with increasing amounts of OPDL segments in the copolymer. In contrast, the OCL-free polyesterurethane OPDL-TMDI cannot be spread to monomolecular films on the water surface properly, and movable slabs are observed by BAM even at low surface pressures. The results of the in situ morphological characterization clearly show that essential information concerning the reliability of Langmuir monolayer degradation (LMD) experiments cannot be obtained from the evaluation of the pi-A isotherms only. Consequently, in situ morphological characterization turns out to be indispensable for characterization of Langmuir layers before LMD experiments. KW - brewster angle microscopy KW - ellipsometry KW - Langmuir layers KW - morphology KW - polyesterurethanes Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.201400377 SN - 1022-1352 SN - 1521-3935 VL - 215 IS - 24 SP - 2437 EP - 2445 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schubert, Marcel A1 - Dolfen, Daniel A1 - Frisch, Johannes A1 - Roland, Steffen A1 - Steyrleuthner, Robert A1 - Stiller, Burkhard A1 - Chen, Zhihua A1 - Scherf, Ullrich A1 - Koch, Norbert A1 - Facchetti, Antonio A1 - Neher, Dieter T1 - Influence of aggregation on the performance of All-Polymer Solar Cells containing Low-Bandgap Naphthalenediimide Copolymers JF - dvanced energy materials N2 - The authors present efficient all-polymer solar cells comprising two different low-bandgap naphthalenediimide (NDI)-based copolymers as acceptors and regioregular P3HT as the donor. It is shown that these naphthalene copolymers have a strong tendency to preaggregate in specific organic solvents, and that preaggregation can be completely suppressed when using suitable solvents with large and highly polarizable aromatic cores. Organic solar cells prepared from such nonaggregated polymer solutions show dramatically increased power conversion efficiencies of up to 1.4%, which is mainly due to a large increase of the short circuit current. In addition, optimized solar cells show remarkable high fill factors of up to 70%. The analysis of the blend absorbance spectra reveals a surprising anticorrelation between the degree of polymer aggregation in the solid P3HT:NDI copolymer blends and their photovoltaic performance. Scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements reveal important information on the blend morphology. It is shown that films with high degree of aggregation and low photocurrents exhibit large-scale phase-separation into rather pure donor and acceptor domains. It is proposed that, by suppressing the aggregation of NDI copolymers at the early stage of film formation, the intermixing of the donor and acceptor component is improved, thereby allowing efficient harvesting of photogenerated excitons at the donoracceptor heterojunction. KW - aggregation KW - morphology KW - naphthalenediimide KW - organic semiconductors KW - organic photovoltaics Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201100601 SN - 1614-6832 VL - 2 IS - 3 SP - 369 EP - 380 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sauter, Tilman A1 - Kratz, Karl A1 - Lendlein, Andreas T1 - Pore-size distribution controls shape-memory properties on the macro- and microscale of polymeric foams JF - Macromolecular chemistry and physics N2 - Open porous foams with identical foam density but different pore-size distributions (bimodal or monomodal) are prepared from a shape-memory polyetherurethane (PEU) by thermally induced phase separation. The shape-memory effect of the two PEU foams is explored by cyclic thermomechanical compression tests and microstructural analysis. The obtained results reveal that the PEU foam with a bimodal pore-size distribution exhibits an increased shape-recovery under stress-free conditions, both on the macro- (foam level) as well as the microscale (pore level). While bimodal pore-size distributions induce microscale bending during compression, buckling occurs in foams with monomodal pore-size distributions, leading to both a reduced and delayed shape recovery. KW - microstructure KW - morphology KW - polymer foams KW - pore-size distribution KW - shape-memory polymers Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.201300062 SN - 1022-1352 VL - 214 IS - 11 SP - 1184 EP - 1188 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reifegerste, Jana A1 - Elin, Kirill A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Persistent differences between native speakers and late bilinguals BT - Evidence from inflectional and derivational processing in older speakers JF - Bilingualism : language and cognition N2 - Previous research with younger adults has revealed differences between native (L1) and non-native late-bilingual (L2) speakers with respect to how morphologically complex words are processed. This study examines whether these L1/L2 differences persist into old age. We tested masked-priming effects for derived and inflected word forms in older L1 and L2 speakers of German and compared them to results from younger L1 and L2 speakers on the same experiment (mean ages: 62 vs. 24). We found longer overall response times paired with better accuracy scores for older (L1 and L2) participants than for younger participants. The priming patterns, however, were not affected by chronological age. While both L1 and L2 speakers showed derivational priming, only the L1 speakers demonstrated inflectional priming. We argue that general performance in both L1 and L2 is affected by aging, but that the more profound differences between native and non-native processing persist into old age. KW - aging KW - late bilinguals KW - processing KW - morphology KW - inflection KW - derivation Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728918000615 SN - 1366-7289 SN - 1469-1841 VL - 22 IS - 3 SP - 425 EP - 440 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ran, Niva A. A1 - Love, John A. A1 - Heiber, Michael C. A1 - Jiao, Xuechen A1 - Hughes, Michael P. A1 - Karki, Akchheta A1 - Wang, Ming A1 - Brus, Viktor V. A1 - Wang, Hengbin A1 - Neher, Dieter A1 - Ade, Harald A1 - Bazan, Guillermo C. A1 - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen, T1 - Charge generation and recombination in an organic solar cell with low energetic offsets JF - dvanced energy materials N2 - Organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells require energetic offsets between the donor and acceptor to obtain high short-circuit currents (J(SC)) and fill factors (FF). However, it is necessary to reduce the energetic offsets to achieve high open-circuit voltages (V-OC). Recently, reports have highlighted BHJ blends that are pushing at the accepted limits of energetic offsets necessary for high efficiency. Unfortunately, most of these BHJs have modest FF values. How the energetic offset impacts the solar cell characteristics thus remains poorly understood. Here, a comprehensive characterization of the losses in a polymer:fullerene BHJ blend, PIPCP:phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM), that achieves a high V-OC (0.9 V) with very low energy losses (E-loss = 0.52 eV) from the energy of absorbed photons, a respectable J(SC) (13 mA cm(-2)), but a limited FF (54%) is reported. Despite the low energetic offset, the system does not suffer from field-dependent generation and instead it is characterized by very fast nongeminate recombination and the presence of shallow traps. The charge-carrier losses are attributed to suboptimal morphology due to high miscibility between PIPCP and PC61BM. These results hold promise that given the appropriate morphology, the J(SC), V-OC, and FF can all be improved, even with very low energetic offsets. KW - energetic offset KW - fill factor KW - morphology KW - organic solar cells KW - recombination Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201701073 SN - 1614-6832 SN - 1614-6840 VL - 8 IS - 5 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER -