TY  - JOUR
A1  - Maares, Maria
A1  - Keil, Claudia
A1  - Koza, Jenny
A1  - Straubing, Sophia
A1  - Schwerdtle, Tanja
A1  - Haase, Hajo
T1  - In Vitro Studies on Zinc Binding and Buffering by Intestinal Mucins
JF  - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
N2  - The investigation of luminal factors influencing zinc availability and accessibility in the intestine is of great interest when analyzing parameters regulating intestinal zinc resorption. Of note, intestinal mucins were suggested to play a beneficial role in the luminal availability of zinc. Their exact zinc binding properties, however, remain unknown and the impact of these glycoproteins on human intestinal zinc resorption has not been investigated in detail. Thus, the aim of this study is to elucidate the impact of intestinal mucins on luminal uptake of zinc into enterocytes and its transfer into the blood. In the present study, in vitro zinc binding properties of mucins were analyzed using commercially available porcine mucins and secreted mucins of the goblet cell line HT-29-MTX. The molecular zinc binding capacity and average zinc binding affinity of these glycoproteins demonstrates that mucins contain multiple zinc-binding sites with biologically relevant affinity within one mucin molecule. Zinc uptake into the enterocyte cell line Caco-2 was impaired by zinc-depleted mucins. Yet this does not represent their form in the intestinal lumen in vivo under zinc adequate conditions. In fact, zinc-uptake studies into enterocytes in the presence of mucins with differing degree of zinc saturation revealed zinc buffering by these glycoproteins, indicating that mucin-bound zinc is still available for the cells. Finally, the impact of mucins on zinc resorption using three-dimensional cultures was studied comparing the zinc transfer of a Caco-2/HT-29-MTX co-culture and conventional Caco-2 monoculture. Here, the mucin secreting co-cultures yielded higher fractional zinc resorption and elevated zinc transport rates, suggesting that intestinal mucins facilitate the zinc uptake into enterocytes and act as a zinc delivery system for the intestinal epithelium.
KW  - intestinal zinc resorption
KW  - zinc binding
KW  - mucus layer
KW  - intestinal mucins
KW  - in vitro intestinal model
KW  - goblet cells
KW  - Caco-2/HT-29-MTX-model
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092662
SN  - 1422-0067
VL  - 19
IS  - 9
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Nitze, Ingmar
A1  - Grosse, Guido
A1  - Jones, Benjamin M.
A1  - Romanovsky, Vladimir E.
A1  - Boike, Julia
T1  - Remote sensing quantifies widespread abundance of permafrost region disturbances across the Arctic and Subarctic
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - Local observations indicate that climate change and shifting disturbance regimes are causing permafrost degradation. However, the occurrence and distribution of permafrost region disturbances (PRDs) remain poorly resolved across the Arctic and Subarctic. Here we quantify the abundance and distribution of three primary PRDs using time-series analysis of 30-m resolution Landsat imagery from 1999 to 2014. Our dataset spans four continental-scale transects in North America and Eurasia, covering similar to 10% of the permafrost region. Lake area loss (-1.45%) dominated the study domain with enhanced losses occurring at the boundary between discontinuous and continuous permafrost regions. Fires were the most extensive PRD across boreal regions (6.59%), but in tundra regions (0.63%) limited to Alaska. Retrogressive thaw slumps were abundant but highly localized (< 10(-5)%). Our analysis synergizes the global-scale importance of PRDs. The findings highlight the need to include PRDs in next-generation land surface models to project the permafrost carbon feedback.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07663-3
SN  - 2041-1723
VL  - 9
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kath, Nadja J.
A1  - Boit, Alice
A1  - Guill, Christian
A1  - Gaedke, Ursula
T1  - Accounting for activity respiration results in realistic trophic transfer efficiencies in allometric trophic network (ATN) models
JF  - Theoretical ecology
N2  - Allometric trophic network (ATN) models offer high flexibility and scalability while minimizing the number of parameters and have been successfully applied to investigate complex food web dynamics and their influence on food web diversity and stability. However, the realism of ATN model energetics has never been assessed in detail, despite their critical influence on dynamic biomass and production patterns. Here, we compare the energetics of the currently established original ATN model, considering only biomass-dependent basal respiration, to an extended ATN model version, considering both basal and assimilation-dependent activity respiration. The latter is crucial in particular for unicellular and invertebrate organisms which dominate the metabolism of pelagic and soil food webs. Based on metabolic scaling laws, we show that the extended ATN version reflects the energy transfer through a chain of four trophic levels of unicellular and invertebrate organisms more realistically than the original ATN version. Depending on the strength of top-down control, the original ATN model yields trophic transfer efficiencies up to 71% at either the third or the fourth trophic level, which considerably exceeds any realistic values. In contrast, the extended ATN version yields realistic trophic transfer efficiencies 30% at all trophic levels, in accordance with both physiological considerations and empirical evidence from pelagic systems. Our results imply that accounting for activity respiration is essential for consistently implementing the metabolic theory of ecology in ATN models and for improving their quantitative predictions, which makes them more powerful tools for investigating the dynamics of complex natural communities.
KW  - Food web
KW  - Trophic transfer efficiency
KW  - Allometric trophic network model
KW  - Allometry
KW  - Energy transfer
KW  - Activity respiration
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12080-018-0378-z
SN  - 1874-1738
SN  - 1874-1746
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
SP  - 453
EP  - 463
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fritz, Michael Andre
A1  - Rosa, Stefanie
A1  - Sicard, Adrien
T1  - Mechanisms Underlying the Environmentally Induced Plasticity of Leaf Morphology
JF  - Frontiers in genetics
N2  - The primary function of leaves is to provide an interface between plants and their environment for gas exchange, light exposure and thermoregulation. Leaves have, therefore a central contribution to plant fitness by allowing an efficient absorption of sunlight energy through photosynthesis to ensure an optimal growth. Their final geometry will result from a balance between the need to maximize energy uptake while minimizing the damage caused by environmental stresses. This intimate relationship between leaf and its surroundings has led to an enormous diversification in leaf forms. Leaf shape varies between species, populations, individuals or even within identical genotypes when those are subjected to different environmental conditions. For instance, the extent of leaf margin dissection has, for long, been found to inversely correlate with the mean annual temperature, such that Paleobotanists have used models based on leaf shape to predict the paleoclimate from fossil flora. Leaf growth is not only dependent on temperature but is also regulated by many other environmental factors such as light quality and intensity or ambient humidity. This raises the question of how the different signals can be integrated at the molecular level and converted into clear developmental decisions. Several recent studies have started to shed the light on the molecular mechanisms that connect the environmental sensing with organ-growth and patterning. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the influence of different environmental signals on leaf size and shape, their integration as well as their importance for plant adaptation.
KW  - plants
KW  - leaf morphology
KW  - environment
KW  - developmental plasticity
KW  - gene regulatory networks
KW  - sensory system
KW  - gene responsiveness
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2018.00478
SN  - 1664-8021
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Demir-Walther, Meltem
T1  - Die Entwicklung eines Unterrichtskonzeptes zur Förderung von Sachlernen und Lesekompetenz aus inklusionsdidaktischer Sicht
BT  - ein Unterricht für Kinder mit und ohne Down-Syndrom
JF  - Sachunterrichtsdidaktik & Inklusion : ein Beitrag zur Entwicklung
Y1  - 2018
SN  - 978-3-8340-1829-8
SP  - 39
EP  - 44
PB  - Schneider Verlag Hohengehren GmbH
CY  - Baltmannsweiler
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Walther, Sophia
A1  - Guanter, Luis
A1  - Heim, Birgit
A1  - Jung, Martin
A1  - Duveiller, Gregory
A1  - Wolanin, Aleksandra
A1  - Sachs, Torsten
T1  - Assessing the dynamics of vegetation productivity in circumpolar regions with different satellite indicators of greenness and photosynthesis
JF  - Biogeosciences
N2  - High-latitude treeless ecosystems represent spatially highly heterogeneous landscapes with small net carbon fluxes and a short growing season. Reliable observations and process understanding are critical for projections of the carbon balance of the climate-sensitive tundra. Space-borne remote sensing is the only tool to obtain spatially continuous and temporally resolved information on vegetation greenness and activity in remote circumpolar areas. However, confounding effects from persistent clouds, low sun elevation angles, numerous lakes, widespread surface inundation, and the sparseness of the vegetation render it highly challenging. Here, we conduct an extensive analysis of the timing of peak vegetation productivity as shown by satellite observations of complementary indicators of plant greenness and photosynthesis. We choose to focus on productivity during the peak of the growing season, as it importantly affects the total annual carbon uptake. The suite of indicators are as follows: (1) MODIS-based vegetation indices (VIs) as proxies for the fraction of incident photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) that is absorbed (fPAR), (2) VIs combined with estimates of PAR as a proxy of the total absorbed radiation (APAR), (3) sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) serving as a proxy for photosynthesis, (4) vegetation optical depth (VOD), indicative of total water content and (5) empirically upscaled modelled gross primary productivity (GPP). Averaged over the pan-Arctic we find a clear order of the annual peak as APAR <= GPP < SIF < VIs/VOD. SIF as an indicator of photosynthesis is maximised around the time of highest annual temperatures. The modelled GPP peaks at a similar time to APAR. The time lag of the annual peak between APAR and instantaneous SIF fluxes indicates that the SIF data do contain information on light-use efficiency of tundra vegetation, but further detailed studies are necessary to verify this. Delayed peak greenness compared to peak photosynthesis is consistently found across years and land-cover classes. A particularly late peak of the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) in regions with very small seasonality in greenness and a high amount of lakes probably originates from artefacts. Given the very short growing season in circumpolar areas, the average time difference in maximum annual photosynthetic activity and greenness or growth of 3 to 25 days (depending on the data sets chosen) is important and needs to be considered when using satellite observations as drivers in vegetation models.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6221-2018
SN  - 1726-4170
SN  - 1726-4189
VL  - 15
IS  - 20
SP  - 6221
EP  - 6256
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schaal, Frederik
A1  - Rutloh, Michael
A1  - Weidenfeld, Susanne
A1  - Stumpe, Joachim
A1  - Michler, Peter
A1  - Pruss, Christof
A1  - Osten, Wolfgang
T1  - Optically addressed modulator for tunable spatial polarization control
JF  - Optics express : the international electronic journal of optics
N2  - We present an optically addressed non-pixelated spatial light modulator. The system is based on reversible photoalignment of a LC cell using a red light sensitive novel azobenzene photoalignment layer. It is an electrode-free device that manipulates the liquid crystal orientation and consequently the polarization via light without artifacts caused by electrodes. The capability to miniaturize the spatial light modulator allows the integration into a microscope objective. This includes a miniaturized 200 channel optical addressing system based on a VCSEL array and hybrid refractive-diffractive beam shapers. As an application example, the utilization as a microscope objective integrated analog phase contrast modulator is shown. (C) 2018 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.028119
SN  - 1094-4087
VL  - 26
IS  - 21
SP  - 28119
EP  - 28130
PB  - Optical Society of America
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Peng, Junjie
A1  - Liu, Danxu
A1  - Wang, Yingtao
A1  - Zeng, Ying
A1  - Cheng, Feng
A1  - Zhang, Wenqiang
T1  - Weight-based strategy for an I/O-intensive application at a cloud data center
JF  - Concurrency and computation : practice & experience
N2  - Applications with different characteristics in the cloud may have different resources preferences. However, traditional resource allocation and scheduling strategies rarely take into account the characteristics of applications. Considering that an I/O-intensive application is a typical type of application and that frequent I/O accesses, especially small files randomly accessing the disk, may lead to an inefficient use of resources and reduce the quality of service (QoS) of applications, a weight allocation strategy is proposed based on the available resources that a physical server can provide as well as the characteristics of the applications. Using the weight obtained, a resource allocation and scheduling strategy is presented based on the specific application characteristics in the data center. Extensive experiments show that the strategy is correct and can guarantee a high concurrency of I/O per second (IOPS) in a cloud data center with high QoS. Additionally, the strategy can efficiently improve the utilization of the disk and resources of the data center without affecting the service quality of applications.
KW  - IOPS
KW  - process scheduling
KW  - random I
KW  - O
KW  - small files
KW  - weight
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.4648
SN  - 1532-0626
SN  - 1532-0634
VL  - 30
IS  - 19
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Traxler, Juliane
A1  - Hanssen, Marjolein M.
A1  - Lautenbacher, Stefan
A1  - Ottawa, Fabian
A1  - Peters, Madelon L.
T1  - General versus pain-specific cognitions
BT  - Pain catastrophizing but not optimism influences conditioned pain modulation
JF  - European journal of pain
N2  - Background Previous studies found evidence that dispositional optimism is related to lower pain sensitivity. Recent findings suggest that temporarily increasing optimism by means of imagining a positive future may also have pain-alleviating effects. Objectives The present experiment was designed to investigate conditioned pain modulation (CPM) as a potential underlying mechanism of this pain-alleviating effect of induced optimism. Methods For this purpose, 45 healthy participants were randomized into an optimistic or neutral imagery condition. Additionally, participants completed questionnaires on dispositional optimism, pain catastrophizing and pain expectations. CPM was assessed by delivering a series of five heat pain stimuli on the nondominant hand before and during immersion of the dominant hand in water of 5 degrees C for 70 s. Results A clear CPM effect was found, that is heat pain reports were lower during simultaneous cold water stimulation. Although the optimism manipulation successfully increased optimism, it did not affect pain ratings or CPM. Post hoc analyses indicated that dispositional optimism was not associated with the magnitude of CPM, but pain catastrophizing and pain expectations did significantly correlate with the CPM effect. Conclusion Pain-specific but not general cognitions appear to influence endogenous pain modulation. Significance Conditioned pain modulation is not the underlying mechanism of the pain-alleviating effects of induced optimism. However, pain-specific cognitions including pain catastrophizing and pain expectations affect endogenous pain modulation which should be taken into account in treatment and CPM research.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.1294
SN  - 1090-3801
SN  - 1532-2149
VL  - 23
IS  - 1
SP  - 150
EP  - 159
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Maes, Sybryn L.
A1  - Perring, Michael P.
A1  - Vanhellemont, Margot
A1  - Depauw, Leen
A1  - Van den Bulcke, Jan
A1  - Brumelis, Guntis
A1  - Brunet, Jorg
A1  - Decocq, Guillaume
A1  - den Ouden, Jan
A1  - Härdtle, Werner
A1  - Hedl, Radim
A1  - Heinken, Thilo
A1  - Heinrichs, Steffi
A1  - Jaroszewicz, Bogdan
A1  - Kopecký, Martin
A1  - Malis, Frantisek
A1  - Wulf, Monika
A1  - Verheyen, Kris
T1  - Environmental drivers interactively affect individual tree growth across temperate European forests
JF  - Global change biology
N2  - Forecasting the growth of tree species to future environmental changes requires abetter understanding of its determinants. Tree growth is known to respond to global‐change drivers such as climate change or atmospheric deposition, as well as to localland‐use drivers such as forest management. Yet, large geographical scale studiesexamining interactive growth responses to multiple global‐change drivers are relativelyscarce and rarely consider management effects. Here, we assessed the interactiveeffects of three global‐change drivers (temperature, precipitation and nitrogen deposi-tion) on individual tree growth of three study species (Quercus robur/petraea, Fagus syl-vatica and Fraxinus excelsior). We sampled trees along spatial environmental gradientsacross Europe and accounted for the effects of management for Quercus. We collectedincrement cores from 267 trees distributed over 151 plots in 19 forest regions andcharacterized their neighbouring environment to take into account potentially confounding factors such as tree size, competition, soil conditions and elevation. Wedemonstrate that growth responds interactively to global‐change drivers, with species ‐specific sensitivities to the combined factors. Simultaneously high levels of precipita-tion and deposition benefited Fraxinus, but negatively affected Quercus’ growth, high-lighting species‐specific interactive tree growth responses to combined drivers. ForFagus, a stronger growth response to higher temperatures was found when precipita-tion was also higher, illustrating the potential negative effects of drought stress underwarming for this species. Furthermore, we show that past forest management canmodulate the effects of changing temperatures on Quercus’ growth; individuals in plotswith a coppicing history showed stronger growth responses to higher temperatures.Overall, our findings highlight how tree growth can be interactively determined by glo-bal‐change drivers, and how these growth responses might be modulated by past for-est management. By showing future growth changes for scenarios of environmentalchange, we stress the importance of considering multiple drivers, including past man-agement and their interactions, when predicting tree growth.
KW  - basal area increment
KW  - climate change
KW  - Fagus
KW  - Fraxinus
KW  - historical ecology
KW  - nitrogen deposition
KW  - Quercus
KW  - tree-ring analysis
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14493
SN  - 1354-1013
SN  - 1365-2486
VL  - 25
IS  - 1
SP  - 201
EP  - 217
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fiedler, Bernhard
A1  - Hainzl, Sebastian
A1  - Zöller, Gert
A1  - Holschneider, Matthias
T1  - Detection of Gutenberg-Richter b-Value Changes in Earthquake Time Series
JF  - Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
N2  - The Gutenberg-Richter relation for earthquake magnitudes is the most famous empirical law in seismology. It states that the frequency of earthquake magnitudes follows an exponential distribution; this has been found to be a robust feature of seismicity above the completeness magnitude, and it is independent of whether global, regional, or local seismicity is analyzed. However, the exponent b of the distribution varies significantly in space and time, which is important for process understanding and seismic hazard assessment; this is particularly true because of the fact that the Gutenberg-Richter b-value acts as a proxy for the stress state and quantifies the ratio of large-to-small earthquakes. In our work, we focus on the automatic detection of statistically significant temporal changes of the b-value in seismicity data. In our approach, we use Bayes factors for model selection and estimate multiple change-points of the frequency-magnitude distribution in time. The method is first applied to synthetic data, showing its capability to detect change-points as function of the size of the sample and the b-value contrast. Finally, we apply this approach to examples of observational data sets for which b-value changes have previously been stated. Our analysis of foreshock and after-shock sequences related to mainshocks, as well as earthquake swarms, shows that only a portion of the b-value changes is statistically significant.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1785/0120180091
SN  - 0037-1106
SN  - 1943-3573
VL  - 108
IS  - 5A
SP  - 2778
EP  - 2787
PB  - Seismological Society of America
CY  - Albany
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Galbete, Cecilia
A1  - Schwingshackl, Lukas
A1  - Schwedhelm, Carolina
A1  - Boeing, Heiner
A1  - Schulze, Matthias Bernd
T1  - Evaluating Mediterranean diet and risk of chronic disease in cohort studies
BT  - an umbrella review of meta-analyses
JF  - European journal of epidemiology
N2  - Several meta-analyses have been published summarizing the associations of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) with chronic diseases. We evaluated the quality and credibility of evidence from these meta-analyses as well as characterized the different indices used to define MedDiet and re-calculated the associations with the different indices identified. We conducted an umbrella review of meta-analyses on cohort studies evaluating the association of the MedDiet with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer and cognitive-related diseases. We used the AMSTAR (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews) checklist to evaluate the methodological quality of the meta-analyses, and the NutriGrade scoring system to evaluate the credibility of evidence. We also identified different indices used to define MedDiet; tests for subgroup differences were performed to compare the associations with the different indices when at least 2 studies were available for different definitions. Fourteen publications were identified and within them 27 meta-analyses which were based on 70 primary studies. Almost all meta-analyses reported inverse associations between MedDiet and risk of chronic disease, but the credibility of evidence was rated low to moderate. Moreover, substantial heterogeneity was observed on the use of the indices assessing adherence to the MedDiet, but two indices were the most used ones [Trichopoulou MedDiet (tMedDiet) and alternative MedDiet (aMedDiet)]. Overall, we observed little difference in risk associations comparing different MedDiet indices in the subgroup meta-analyses. Future prospective cohort studies are advised to use more homogenous definitions of the MedDiet to improve the comparability across meta-analyses.
KW  - Mediterranean diet
KW  - Chronic diseases
KW  - Umbrella review
KW  - Meta-analyses
KW  - Cohort studies
KW  - Heterogeneity
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-018-0427-3
SN  - 0393-2990
SN  - 1573-7284
VL  - 33
IS  - 10
SP  - 909
EP  - 931
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Verch, Ronald
A1  - Hirschmüller, Anja
A1  - Müller, Juliane
A1  - Baur, Heiner
A1  - Mayer, Frank
A1  - Müller, Steffen
T1  - Is in-toing gait physiological in children?
BT  - Results of a large cohort study in 5910 healthy (pre-) school children
JF  - Gait & posture
N2  - Research question: This study aimed to establish reference values in 1-14 year old healthy children and to implement FPA-percentile curves for daily clinical use. Methods: 5910 healthy children performed at least 3 repetitions of barefoot walking over an instrumented walkway using a pressure measurement platform. The FPA [degrees] was extracted and analyzed by age and gender (mean +/- standard deviation; median with percentiles, MANOVA (age, gender) and Wilcoxon-Signed-Rank test for intra-individual side differences (alpha = 0.05). Results: FPA maximum was observed in 2-year-old children and diminished significant until the age of 4 to moderate out-toeing. For ages 5-14, no statistically significant differences in FPA values were present (p > 0.05). MANOVA confirmed age (p < 0.001) and gender (p < 0.001) as significant FPA influencing factors, without combined effect (p > 0.05). In every age group, right feet showed significantly greater out-toeing (p < 0.05). Significance: Percentile values indicate a wide FPA range in children. FPA development in young children shows a spontaneous shift towards moderate external rotation (age 2-4), whereby in-toeing <= 1-5 degrees can be present, but can return to normal. Bilateral in-toeing after the age of four and unilateral in-toeing after the age of seven should be monitored.
KW  - Foot progression angle
KW  - Children
KW  - In-toeing
KW  - Out-toeing
KW  - Gait
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.08.019
SN  - 0966-6362
SN  - 1879-2219
VL  - 66
SP  - 70
EP  - 75
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Clare
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tape, Ken D.
A1  - Jones, Benjamin M.
A1  - Arp, Christopher D.
A1  - Nitze, Ingmar
A1  - Grosse, Guido
T1  - Tundra be dammed
BT  - beaver colonization of the arctic
JF  - Global change biology
N2  - Increasing air temperatures are changing the arctic tundra biome. Permafrost is thawing, snow duration is decreasing, shrub vegetation is proliferating, and boreal wildlife is encroaching. Here we present evidence of the recent range expansion of North American beaver (Castor canadensis) into the Arctic, and consider how this ecosystem engineer might reshape the landscape, biodiversity, and ecosystem processes. We developed a remote sensing approach that maps formation and disappearance of ponds associated with beaver activity. Since 1999, 56 new beaver pond complexes were identified, indicating that beavers are colonizing a predominantly tundra region (18,293km(2)) of northwest Alaska. It is unclear how improved tundra stream habitat, population rebound following overtrapping for furs, or other factors are contributing to beaver range expansion. We discuss rates and likely routes of tundra beaver colonization, as well as effects on permafrost, stream ice regimes, and freshwater and riparian habitat. Beaver ponds and associated hydrologic changes are thawing permafrost. Pond formation increases winter water temperatures in the pond and downstream, likely creating new and more varied aquatic habitat, but specific biological implications are unknown. Beavers create dynamic wetlands and are agents of disturbance that may enhance ecosystem responses to warming in the Arctic.
KW  - arctic tundra
KW  - beaver
KW  - climate change
KW  - permafrost
KW  - population recovery
KW  - salmon
KW  - shrub expansion
KW  - stream
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14332
SN  - 1354-1013
SN  - 1365-2486
VL  - 24
IS  - 10
SP  - 4478
EP  - 4488
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Koehler, Friedrich
A1  - Koehler, Kerstin
A1  - Deckwart, Oliver
A1  - Prescher, Sandra
A1  - Wegscheider, Karl
A1  - Winkler, Sebastian
A1  - Vettorazzi, Eik
A1  - Polze, Andreas
A1  - Stangl, Karl
A1  - Hartmann, Oliver
A1  - Marx, Almuth
A1  - Neuhaus, Petra
A1  - Scherf, Michael
A1  - Kirwan, Bridget-Anne
A1  - Anker, Stefan D.
T1  - Telemedical Interventional Management in Heart Failure II (TIM-HF2), a randomised, controlled trial investigating the impact of telemedicine on unplanned cardiovascular hospitalisations and mortality in heart failure patients
BT  - study design and description of the intervention
JF  - European Journal of Heart Failure
N2  - Background Heart failure (HF) is a complex, chronic condition that is associated with debilitating symptoms, all of which necessitate close follow-up by health care providers. Lack of disease monitoring may result in increased mortality and more frequent hospital readmissions for decompensated HF. Remote patient management (RPM) in this patient population may help to detect early signs and symptoms of cardiac decompensation, thus enabling a prompt initiation of the appropriate treatment and care before a manifestation of HF decompensation. Objective The objective of the present article is to describe the design of a new trial investigating the impact of RPM on unplanned cardiovascular hospitalisations and mortality in HF patients. Methods The TIM-HF2 trial is designed as a prospective, randomised, controlled, parallel group, open (with randomisation concealment), multicentre trial with pragmatic elements introduced for data collection. Eligible patients with HF are randomised (1:1) to either RPM + usual care or to usual care only and are followed for 12 months. The primary outcome is the percentage of days lost due to unplanned cardiovascular hospitalisations or all-cause death. The main secondary outcomes are all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Conclusion The TIM-HF2 trial will provide important prospective data on the potential beneficial effect of telemedical monitoring and RPM on unplanned cardiovascular hospitalisations and mortality in HF patients.
KW  - Chronic heart failure
KW  - Telemonitoring
KW  - Remote patient management
KW  - Hospitalisation
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.1300
SN  - 1388-9842
SN  - 1879-0844
VL  - 20
IS  - 10
SP  - 1485
EP  - 1493
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Albers, Philip
A1  - Uestuen, Suayib
A1  - Witzel, Katja
A1  - Bornke, Frederik
T1  - Identification of a novel target of the bacterial effector HopZ1a
T2  - Phytopathology
N2  - The plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae is a gram-negative bacterium which infects a wide range of plant species including important crops plants. To suppress plant immunity and cause disease P.syringae injects type-III effector proteins (T3Es) into the plant cell cytosol. In this study, we identified a novel target of the well characterized bacterial T3E HopZ1a. HopZ1a is an acetyltransferase that was shown to disrupt vesicle transport during innate immunity by acetylating tubulin. Using a yeast-two-hybrid screen approach, we identified a REMORIN (REM) protein from tobacco as a novel HopZ1a target. HopZ1a interacts with REM at the plasma membrane (PM) as shown by split-YFP experiments. Interestingly, we found that PBS1, a well-known kinase involved in plant immunity also interacts with REM in pull-down assays, and at the PM as shown by BiFC. Furthermore, we confirmed that REM is phosphorylated by PBS1 in vitro. Overexpression of REM provokes the upregulation of defense genes and leads to disease-like phenotypes pointing to a role of REM in plant immune signaling. Further protein-protein interaction studies reveal novel REM binding partners with a possible role in plant immune signaling. Thus, REM might act as an assembly hub for an immune signaling complex targeted by HopZ1a. Taken together, this is the first report describing that a REM protein is targeted by a bacterial effector. How HopZ1a might mechanistically manipulate the plant immune system through interfering with REM function will be discussed.
Y1  - 2018
SN  - 0031-949X
SN  - 1943-7684
VL  - 108
IS  - 10
PB  - American Phytopathological Society
CY  - Saint Paul
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Franco-Obregon, Alfredo
A1  - Cambria, Elena
A1  - Greutert, Helen
A1  - Wernas, Timon
A1  - Hitzl, Wolfgang
A1  - Egli, Marcel
A1  - Sekiguchi, Miho
A1  - Boos, Norbert
A1  - Hausmann, Oliver
A1  - Ferguson, Stephen J.
A1  - Kobayashi, Hiroshi
A1  - Würtz-Kozak, Karin
T1  - TRPC6 in simulated microgravity of intervertebral disc cells
JF  - European Spine Journal
N2  - Purpose Prolonged bed rest and microgravity in space cause intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels are implicated in mechanosensing of several tissues, but are poorly explored in IVDs. Methods Primary human IVD cells from surgical biopsies composed of both annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus (passage 1-2) were exposed to simulated microgravity and to the TRPC channel inhibitor SKF-96365 (SKF) for up to 5days. Proliferative capacity, cell cycle distribution, senescence and TRPC channel expression were analyzed. Results Both simulated microgravity and TRPC channel antagonism reduced the proliferative capacity of IVD cells and induced senescence. While significant changes in cell cycle distributions (reduction in G1 and accumulation in G2/M) were observed upon SKF treatment, the effect was small upon 3days of simulated microgravity. Finally, downregulation of TRPC6 was shown under simulated microgravity. Conclusions Simulated microgravity and TRPC channel inhibition both led to reduced proliferation and increased senescence. Furthermore, simulated microgravity reduced TRPC6 expression. IVD cell senescence and mechanotransduction may hence potentially be regulated by TRPC6 expression. This study thus reveals promising targets for future studies.
KW  - Intervertebral disc
KW  - Simulated microgravity
KW  - Senescence
KW  - TRP channels
KW  - Mechanotransduction
KW  - Gene expression
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-018-5688-8
SN  - 0940-6719
SN  - 1432-0932
VL  - 27
IS  - 10
SP  - 2621
EP  - 2630
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hoffmann, Svenja Sarah Helen
A1  - Cortes-Garcia, Laura
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
T1  - Weight/shape and muscularity concerns and emotional problems in adolescent boys and girls
BT  - A cross-lagged panel analysis
JF  - Journal of adolescence
N2  - Introduction: The goal of the present study was to identify the prospective relations between weight/shape and muscularity concerns and emotional problems in adolescents. Methods: Self-report data of 966 German male and female adolescents were analyzed in a cross lagged panel design. Results: Analyses of latent means revealed significant correlations between weight/shape concern and emotional problems as well as between muscularity concern and emotional problems in both genders. Moreover, weight/shape concern predicted emotional problems prospectively, but only in girls. Regarding muscularity concern, we could not find any prospective relation with emotional problems In boys or girls from the general population. Conclusions: It is assumed that as appearance is highly relevant for the self-concept in girls, concerns about the look might promote emotional problems. Thus, weight/shape concern should be addressed in the prevention of emotional problems in adolescent girls, whereas further research is necessary investigating the contribution of muscularity concern in this context.
KW  - Weight/shape concern
KW  - Muscularity concern
KW  - Depressive symptoms
KW  - Adolescents
KW  - Cross-lagged panel analysis
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.07.005
SN  - 0140-1971
SN  - 1095-9254
VL  - 68
SP  - 70
EP  - 77
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
A1  - Sproesser, Gudrun
A1  - Zahn, Daniela
T1  - Fachgruppe Gesundheitspsychologie: Methoden sind wichtig, Inhalte aber genauso
T1  - Department of Health Psychology Methods are important, but Content is the same
T2  - Psychologische Rundschau : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1026/0033-3042/a000418
SN  - 0033-3042
SN  - 2190-6238
VL  - 69
IS  - 4
SP  - 340
EP  - 341
PB  - Hogrefe
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Murray, Kendra E.
A1  - Braun, Jean
A1  - Reiners, Peter W.
T1  - Toward Robust Interpretation of Low-Temperature Thermochronometers in Magmatic Terranes
JF  - Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems
N2  - Many regions central to our understanding of tectonics and landscape evolution are active or ancient magmatic terranes, and robust interpretation of low-temperature thermochronologic ages in these settings requires careful attention to the drivers of rock heating and cooling, including magmatism. However, we currently lack a quantitative framework for evaluating the potential role of magmatic coolingthat is, post-magmatic thermal relaxationin shaping cooling age patterns in regions with a history of intrusive magmatism. Here we use analytical approximations and numerical models to characterize how low-temperature thermochronometers document cooling inside and around plutons in steadily exhuming environments. Our models predict that the thermal field a pluton intrudes into, specifically the ambient temperatures relative to the closure temperature of a given thermochronometer, is as important as the pluton size and temperature in controlling the pattern and extent of thermochronometer resetting in the country rocks around a pluton. We identify one advective and several conductive timescales that govern the relationship between the crystallization and cooling ages inside a pluton. In synthetic vertical age-elevation relationships (AERs), resetting next to plutons results in changes in AER slope that could be misinterpreted as past changes in exhumation rate if the history of magmatism is not accounted for. Finally, we find that large midcrustal plutons, such as those emplaced at similar to 10-15-km depth, can reset the low-temperature thermochronometers far above them in the upper crusta result with considerable consequences for thermochronology in arcs and regions with a history of magmatic activity that may not have a surface expression.
KW  - He thermochronology
KW  - Peclet number
KW  - age-elevation relationships
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GC007595
SN  - 1525-2027
VL  - 19
IS  - 10
SP  - 3739
EP  - 3763
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  -