TY - JOUR A1 - Mumm, Rebekka A1 - Scheffler, Christiane T1 - Lack of evidence of nutritional influence on height in four low and middle-income countries JF - Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft für Anthropologie N2 - ‘Nutrition influences height’ has been a common concept for the last decades. Recently, contradictory results occurred when studying the effectiveness of nutritional interventions, questioning the interaction of nutrition and height. Therefore, we hypothesize that, independently of population/country, nutrition does not affect height in children and adolescents. We analyzed data from the study “Young Lives” which was performed in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam to describe the health situation of children. We used linear mixed effect models to analyze the influence of nutrition on height. Furthermore, we used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test if the commonly assumed hypothetical interaction of height and nutrition can be supported by data from low and middle-income countries. Estimates for nutrition on height of linear mixed effect models were about zero and randomly significant or non-significant in all analyzed countries. Furthermore, SEM led to the rejection of the ‘nutrition influences height’-hypothesis, as data did not support the models based on this hypothesis. We do not find evidence for a nutritional influence on height in children and adolescents from low and middle-income countries. The widespread assumption that inadequate diet is reflected in short stature, which all modern nutritional interventions are based on, needs to be critically reviewed. KW - nutrition KW - height KW - children KW - low and middle-income Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2019/0988 SN - 0003-5548 VL - 76 IS - 5 SP - 421 EP - 432 PB - Schweizerbart CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fitjar, Camilla L. A1 - Rønneberg, Vibeke A1 - Nottbusch, Guido A1 - Torrance, Mark T1 - Learning handwriting BT - factors affecting pen-movement fluency in beginning writers JF - Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation N2 - Skilled handwriting of single letters is associated not only with a neat final product but also with fluent pen-movement, characterized by a smooth pen-tip velocity profile. Our study explored fluency when writing single letters in children who were just beginning to learn to handwrite, and the extent to which this was predicted by the children's pen-control ability and by their letter knowledge. 176 Norwegian children formed letters by copying and from dictation (i.e., in response to hearing letter sounds). Performance on these tasks was assessed in terms of the counts of velocity inversions as the children produced sub-letter features that would be produced by competent handwriters as a single, smooth (ballistic) action. We found that there was considerable variation in these measures across writers, even when producing well-formed letters. Children also copied unfamiliar symbols, completed various pen-control tasks (drawing lines, circles, garlands, and figure eights), and tasks that assessed knowledge of letter sounds and shapes. After controlling for pen-control ability, pen-movement fluency was affected by letter knowledge (specifically children's performance on a task that required selecting graphemes on the basis of their sound). This was the case when children retrieved letter forms from dictated letter sounds, but also when directly copying letters and, unexpectedly, when copying unfamiliar symbols. These findings suggest that familiarity with a letter affects movement fluency during letter production but may also point towards a more general ability to process new letter-like symbols in children with good letter knowledge. KW - children KW - handwriting KW - fluency KW - pen-control KW - letter knowledge Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.663829 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 12 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lu, Yong-Ping A1 - Zeng, De-Ying A1 - Chen, You-Peng A1 - Liang, Xu-Jing A1 - Xu, Jie-Ping A1 - Huang, Si-Min A1 - Lai, Zhi-Wei A1 - Wen, Wang-Rong A1 - von Websky, Karoline A1 - Hocher, Berthold T1 - Low birth weight is associated with lower respiratory tract infections in children with hand, foot, and mouth disease JF - Clinical laboratory : the peer reviewed journal for clinical laboratories and laboratories related to blood transfusion N2 - Background: Low birth weight (LBW) might be a risk factor for acquiring lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) associated with disease related complications in early childhood. HFMD, a frequent viral infection in southern China, is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children. We analyzed whether LBW is a risk factor for children with HFMD to develop lower respiratory tract infections. Methods: A total of 298 children with HFMD, admitted to a hospital in Qingyuan city, Guangdong province, were recruited. Demographic data and clinical parameters such as serum glucose level and inflammatory markers including peripheral white blood cell count, serum C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were routinely collected on admission. Birth weight data were derived from birth records. Results: Mean birth weight (BW) was 167 g lower in patients with HFMD and LRTIs as compared to patients with solely HFMD (p = 0.022) and the frequency of birth weight below the tenth percentile was significantly higher in patients with HFMD and LRTIs (p = 0.002). Conclusions: The results of the study show that low birth weight is associated with a higher incidence of lower respiratory tract infections in young children with HFMD. KW - hand KW - foot and mouth disease (HFMD) KW - low birth weight (LBW) KW - lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) KW - pneumonia KW - children Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7754/Clin.Lab.2012.120725 SN - 1433-6510 VL - 59 IS - 9-10 SP - 985 EP - 992 PB - Clin Lab Publ., Verl. Klinisches Labor CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bergert, Cora A1 - Köster, Antonia A1 - Krasnova, Hanna A1 - Turel, Ofir T1 - Missing out on life BT - parental perceptions of children’s mobile technology use T2 - Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik : WI2020 Zentrale Tracks N2 - Mobile devices have become an integral part of everyday life due to their portability. As literature shows, technology use is not only beneficial but also has dark sides, such as addiction. Parents face the need to balance perceived benefits and risks of children’s exposure to mobile technologies. However, no study has uncovered what kind of benefits and concerns parents consider when implementing technology-related rules. We built on qualitative responses of 300 parents of children aged two to thirteen to explore concerns about, and perceived benefits of children’s smartphone and tablet usage, as well as the rules parents have developed regarding technology use. Findings point to concerns regarding children’s development, as well as benefits for both children and parents, and ultimately to new insights about mobile technology mediation. These results provide practical guidance for parents, physicians and mobile industry stakeholders, trying to ensure that children are acting responsibly with mobile technology. KW - mobile technology KW - smartphone KW - parental mediation KW - rules KW - children Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-95545-335-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.30844/wi_2020_f1-bergert SP - 568 EP - 583 PB - GITO Verlag für Industrielle Informationstechnik und Organisation CY - Berlin ER - TY - THES A1 - Hudjetz, Annekatrin T1 - Modelllernen im Ernährungskontext : mütterlicher und väterlicher Einfluss auf die Ernährung adipöser Kinder T1 - Observational learning and diet : maternal and paternal influence on the diet of obese children N2 - Adipositas ist eine chronische Erkrankung mit erheblichen Komorbiditäten und Folgeschäden, die bereits im Kindes- und Jugendalter weit verbreitet ist. Unterschiedliche Faktoren sind an der Ätiologie dieser Störung beteiligt. Die Ernährung stellt dabei eine der Hauptsäulen dar, auf welche immer wieder Bezug genommen wird. Der Einfluss der Eltern auf die kindliche Ernährung spielt unbestritten eine zentrale Rolle – hinsichtlich genetischer Dispositionen, aber auch als Gestalter der Lebensumwelten und Vorbilder im Ernährungsbereich. Die vorliegende Arbeit hat zum Ziel, Übereinstimmungen elterlicher und kindlicher Ernährung zu untersuchen und dabei zu prüfen, inwiefern Prozesse des Modelllernens für die Zusammenhänge verantwortlich zeichnen. Grundlage ist die sozial-kognitive Theorie Albert Banduras mit dem Fokus auf seinen Ausführungen zum Beobachtungs- oder Modelllernen. Die Zusammenhänge elterlicher und kindlicher Ernährung wurden anhand einer Stichprobe 7 – 13-jähriger adipöser Kinder und ihrer Eltern in Beziehung gesetzt zu den Bedingungen des Modelllernens, die zuvor auch in anderen Studien gefunden worden waren. Eine hohe Ähnlichkeit oder gute Beziehung zwischen Modell (Mutter bzw. Vater) und Lernendem (Kind) sollte demnach moderierend auf die Stärke des Zusammenhangs wirken. Aus Banduras Ausführungen zu den Phasen des Modelllernens ergibt sich zudem ein dritter Aspekt, der in das Untersuchungsmodell einbezogen wurde. Die von Bandura postulierte Aneignungsphase setzt voraus, dass das zu lernende Verhalten auch beobachtet werden kann. Aus diesem Grund sollte die Analyse von Zusammenhängen im Verhalten nicht losgelöst von der Zeit betrachtet werden, die Modell und Beobachter miteinander verbringen bzw. verbracht haben. Zudem wurde die Wahrnehmung eines Elternteils als Vorbild beim Kind erfragt und als Moderator aufgenommen. In die Analysen eingeschlossen wurden vollständige Mutter-Vater-Kind-Triaden. Im Querschnitt der Fragebogenerhebung waren die Daten von 171 Mädchen und 176 Jungen, in einem 7 Monate darauf folgenden Längsschnitt insgesamt 75 Triaden (davon 38 Mädchen) enthalten. Es zeigte sich ein positiver Zusammenhang zwischen der kindlichen und mütterlichen Ernährung ebenso wie zwischen der kindlichen und väterlichen Ernährung. Die Übereinstimmungen zwischen Mutter und Kind waren größer als zwischen Vater und Kind. Überwiegend bestätigt werden konnten der moderierende Einfluss der Beziehungsqualität und der Vorbildwahrnehmung auf die Zusammenhänge elterlicher und kindlicher gesunder Ernährung und der Einfluss gemeinsam verbrachter Zeit vor allem in Bezug auf Vater-Kind-Zusammenhänge problematischer Ernährung. Der väterliche Einfluss, der sowohl in Studien als auch in präventiven oder therapeutischen Angeboten oft noch vernachlässigt wird und in vorliegender Arbeit besondere bzw. gleichberechtigte Beachtung fand, zeigte sich durch den Einbezug moderierender Variablen verstärkt. Eine Ansprache von Müttern und Vätern gleichermaßen ist somit unbedingtes Ziel bei der Prävention und Therapie kindlicher Adipositas. Auch jenseits des Adipositaskontextes sollten Eltern für die Bedeutung elterlicher Vorbildwirkung sensibilisiert werden, um eine gesunde Ernährungsweise ihrer Kinder zu fördern. N2 - Obesity is a chronic illness common even in childhood and adolescence. It increases the risk of severe mental and physical conditions. The aetiology of the illness is diverse. Diet is one of the main factors linked to obesity. Parental influence on children’s diet has been frequently demonstrated. Parents play a crucial role, not only with regard to genetic disposition, but also by influencing the availability and accessibility of food and by serving as role models. This thesis focuses on the parent-child-correlations for diet. In a sample of obese children between the ages of 7 and 13 years, these correlations were applied to modelling processes based on the social-cognitive theory of Albert Bandura. Former studies have found the similarity or quality of the relationship between a model (mother or father) and an observer (child) to be among the factors influencing modelling. These factors are said to moderate the correlation between parents’ and children’s diet. Moreover, since behaviour has to be observed in what Bandura calls the ‘attention stage’, time spent together between model and observer is likewise considered important. The children’s perception of the parent acting as a role model was used as another potential moderator. Only complete sets of mother-father-child-triads were used for the analyses. Cross-sectional questionnaire data was gathered from 171 girl triads and 176 boy triads. A follow-up study, conducted 7 months after the first interview, resulted in 75 triads (of which 38 girl triads). Positive correlations were found between both child and mother and child and father. The mother-child-correlations were stronger than those between father and child. Moderator analyses predominantly revealed that the parent-child relationship and the perceived role model had a moderating effect on these correlations. In father-child-correlations where diet was problematic, the influence of the time parent and child spent together was found to be particularly strong. The father’s role, frequently neglected in obesity prevention and therapy, was clearly demonstrated when moderating factors were taken into account. Hence, addressing mothers and fathers and sensitising them to their function as models is essential – not only in the context of obesity, but also when targeting healthy nutrition in all children. KW - Adipositas KW - Ernährung KW - Eltern KW - Kinder KW - Modelllernen KW - obesity KW - diet KW - parents KW - children KW - modelling Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-72336 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pospisil, Christina A1 - Czernitzki, Anna-Franziska A1 - Scheffler, Christiane T1 - No association between nutrition and body height in German kindergarten children BT - a pilot study JF - Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft für Anthropologie N2 - Anthropologists all over the world are discussing influences on individual height including quantity and quality of nutrition. To examine whether a relationship between nutritional components and height can be found this pilot study has been developed. The research samples consisted of 44 children (age 3–6 years) attending two different kindergartens in Germany. Height measurements were taken for each child. Furthermore the parents had to fill out a 24-hour questionnaire to document their children’s eating habits during the weekend. In order to standardize the measured height values z-scores were calculated with reference to the average height of the overall cohort. The results of correlation analysis indicate that height is not significantly related to any of the main nutritional components as protein (r = –0.148), carbohydrates (r = 0.126), fat (r = 0.107), fibre (r = –0.289), vitamin (r = 0.050), calcium (r = 0.110), potassium (r = 0.189) and overall calorie intake (r = 0.302). In conclusion, it can be stated that the quality of nutrition may not have a strong influence on individual height. However, due to the small sample size further research should be provided with a larger cohort of children to verify the present results. KW - nutritional components KW - individual body height KW - children KW - Germany Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2017/0704 SN - 0003-5548 SN - 2363-7099 VL - 74 IS - 3 SP - 199 EP - 202 PB - Schweizerbart CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - INPR A1 - Kucian, Karin A1 - Plangger, Fabienne A1 - O'Gorman, Ruth A1 - von Aster, Michael G. T1 - Operational momentum effect in children with and without developmental dyscalculia T2 - Frontiers in psychology KW - developmental dyscalculia KW - operational momentum KW - children KW - learning disability KW - numerical cognition KW - mental number line KW - symbolic calculation KW - attention Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00847 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 4 IS - 45 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chaabene, Helmi A1 - Lesinski, Melanie A1 - Behm, David George A1 - Granacher, Urs T1 - Performance- and healthrelated benefits of youth resistance training T1 - Leistungs- und gesundheitsbezogene Wirkungen von Krafttraining mit Heranwachsenden T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - There is ample evidence that youth resistance training (RT) is safe, joyful, and effective for different markers of performance (e.g., muscle strength, power, linear sprint speed) and health (e.g., injury prevention). Accordingly, the first aim of this narrative review is to present and discuss the relevance of muscle strength for youth physical development. The second purpose is to report evidence on the effectiveness of RT on muscular fitness (muscle strength, power, muscle endurance), on movement skill performance and injury prevention in youth. There is evidence that RT is effective in enhancing measures of muscle fitness in children and adolescents, irrespective of sex. Additionally, numerous studies indicate that RT has positive effects on fundamental movement skills (e.g., jumping, running, throwing) in youth regardless of age, maturity, training status, and sex. Further, irrespective of age, sex, and training status, regular exposure to RT (e.g., plyometric training) decreases the risk of sustaining injuries in youth. This implies that RT should be a meaningful element of youths’ exercise programming. This has been acknowledged by global (e.g., World Health Organization) and national (e.g., National Strength and Conditioning Association) health- and performance-related organizations which is why they recommended to perform RT as an integral part of weekly exercise programs to promote muscular strength, fundamental movement skills, and to resist injuries in youth. N2 - Die aktuelle Literatur zum Krafttraining mit Kindern und Jugendlichen zeigt eindrücklich, dass ein altersgerechtes und fachlich angeleitetes Krafttraining eine sichere, freudvolle und effektive Maßnahme für die Leistungsentwicklung (z. B. Muskelkraft, Schnellkraft, Sprintgeschwindigkeit) und Gesundheitserhaltung (z. B. Verletzungsprävention) von Heranwachsenden darstellt. Einerseits ist es das Ziel dieses narrativen Übersichtsartikels, die Relevanz der Muskelkraft für die körperliche Entwicklung von Heranwachsenden zu diskutieren. Andererseits sollen aktuelle Befunde zur Effektivität von Krafttraining auf die muskuläre Fitness (Maximal-/Schnellkraft, Kraftausdauer), elementare Bewegungsfertigkeiten (z.B. Springen, Rennen, Werfen) sowie die Verletzungsprävention bei Kindern und Jugendlichen beschrieben werden. Die aktuelle Literatur belegt, dass Krafttraining die Muskelkraft, die Schnellkraft und die Kraftausdauer von Kindern und Jugendlichen unabhängig vom Geschlecht verbessern kann. Weiterhin zeigen Studien, dass trainingsbedingte Verbesserungen der muskulären Fitness auf elementare Bewegungsfertigkeiten transferieren. Diese Wirkungen sind unabhängig vom Alter, der biologischen Reife, dem Trainingsstatus und dem Geschlecht der Trainierenden. Zudem verringert regelmäßiges Krafttraining das Verletzungsrisiko der Heranwachsenden unabhängig von Alter, Geschlecht und Trainingsstatus. Aufgrund dieses breiten Wirkungsspektrums sollte Krafttraining ein elementarer Bestandteil des Trainings von Heranwachsenden darstellen. Nationale (National Strength and Conditioning Association) sowie internationale (Weltgesundheitsorganisation) gesundheits- und leistungsorientierte Standesgesellschaften haben die positiven Wirkungen von Krafttraining erkannt und in ihre Bewegungsempfehlungen für Kinder und Jugendliche übernommen. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 730 KW - muscle strength KW - muscle power KW - strength training KW - children KW - adolescents KW - Maximalkraft KW - Schnellkraft KW - Widerstandstraining KW - Kinder KW - Jugendliche Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-526912 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chaabene, Helmi A1 - Lesinski, Melanie A1 - Behm, David George A1 - Granacher, Urs T1 - Performance- and healthrelated benefits of youth resistance training T1 - Leistungs- und gesundheitsbezogene Wirkungen von Krafttraining mit Heranwachsenden JF - Sports Orthopaedics and Traumatology N2 - Performance- and healthrelated benefits of yoThere is ample evidence that youth resistance training (RT) is safe, joyful, and effective for different markers of performance (e.g., muscle strength, power, linear sprint speed) and health (e.g., injury prevention). Accordingly, the first aim of this narrative review is to present and discuss the relevance of muscle strength for youth physical development. The second purpose is to report evidence on the effectiveness of RT on muscular fitness (muscle strength, power, muscle endurance), on movement skill performance and injury prevention in youth. There is evidence that RT is effective in enhancing measures of muscle fitness in children and adolescents, irrespective of sex. Additionally, numerous studies indicate that RT has positive effects on fundamental movement skills (e.g., jumping, running, throwing) in youth regardless of age, maturity, training status, and sex. Further, irrespective of age, sex, and training status, regular exposure to RT (e.g., plyometric training) decreases the risk of sustaining injuries in youth. This implies that RT should be a meaningful element of youths’ exercise programming. This has been acknowledged by global (e.g., World Health Organization) and national (e.g., National Strength and Conditioning Association) health- and performance-related organizations which is why they recommended to perform RT as an integral part of weekly exercise programs to promote muscular strength, fundamental movement skills, and to resist injuries in youth.uth resistance training N2 - Die aktuelle Literatur zum Krafttraining mit Kindern und Jugendlichen zeigt eindrücklich, dass ein altersgerechtes und fachlich angeleitetes Krafttraining eine sichere, freudvolle und effektive Maßnahme für die Leistungsentwicklung (z. B. Muskelkraft, Schnellkraft, Sprintgeschwindigkeit) und Gesundheitserhaltung (z. B. Verletzungsprävention) von Heranwachsenden darstellt. Einerseits ist es das Ziel dieses narrativen Übersichtsartikels, die Relevanz der Muskelkraft für die körperliche Entwicklung von Heranwachsenden zu diskutieren. Andererseits sollen aktuelle Befunde zur Effektivität von Krafttraining auf die muskuläre Fitness (Maximal-/Schnellkraft, Kraftausdauer), elementare Bewegungsfertigkeiten (z.B. Springen, Rennen, Werfen) sowie die Verletzungsprävention bei Kindern und Jugendlichen beschrieben werden. Die aktuelle Literatur belegt, dass Krafttraining die Muskelkraft, die Schnellkraft und die Kraftausdauer von Kindern und Jugendlichen unabhängig vom Geschlecht verbessern kann. Weiterhin zeigen Studien, dass trainingsbedingte Verbesserungen der muskulären Fitness auf elementare Bewegungsfertigkeiten transferieren. Diese Wirkungen sind unabhängig vom Alter, der biologischen Reife, dem Trainingsstatus und dem Geschlecht der Trainierenden. Zudem verringert regelmäßiges Krafttraining das Verletzungsrisiko der Heranwachsenden unabhängig von Alter, Geschlecht und Trainingsstatus. Aufgrund dieses breiten Wirkungsspektrums sollte Krafttraining ein elementarer Bestandteil des Trainings von Heranwachsenden darstellen. Nationale (National Strength and Conditioning Association) sowie internationale (Weltgesundheitsorganisation) gesundheits- und leistungsorientierte Standesgesellschaften haben die positiven Wirkungen von Krafttraining erkannt und in ihre Bewegungsempfehlungen für Kinder und Jugendliche übernommen. KW - muscle strength KW - muscle power KW - strength training KW - children KW - adolescents KW - Maximalkraft KW - Schnellkraft KW - Widerstandstraining KW - Kinder KW - Jugendliche Y1 - 2020 VL - 36 IS - 3 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kucian, Karin A1 - Zuber, Isabelle A1 - Kohn, Juliane A1 - Poltz, Nadine A1 - Wyschkon, Anne A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - von Aster, Michael G. T1 - Relation Between Mathematical Performance, Math Anxiety, and Affective Priming in Children With and Without Developmental Dyscalculia JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Many children show negative emotions related to mathematics and some even develop mathematics anxiety. The present study focused on the relation between negative emotions and arithmetical performance in children with and without developmental dyscalculia (DD) using an affective priming task. Previous findings suggested that arithmetic performance is influenced if an affective prime precedes the presentation of an arithmetic problem. In children with DD specifically, responses to arithmetic operations are supposed to be facilitated by both negative and mathematics-related primes (= negative math priming effect). We investigated mathematical performance, math anxiety, and the domain-general abilities of 172 primary school children (76 with DD and 96 controls). All participants also underwent an affective priming task which consisted of the decision whether a simple arithmetic operation (addition or subtraction) that was preceded by a prime (positive/negative/neutral or mathematics-related) was true or false. Our findings did not reveal a negative math priming effect in children with DD. Furthermore, when considering accuracy levels, gender, or math anxiety, the negative math priming effect could not be replicated. However, children with DD showed more math anxiety when explicitly assessed by a specific math anxiety interview and showed lower mathematical performance compared to controls. Moreover, math anxiety was equally present in boys and girls, even in the earliest stages of schooling, and interfered negatively with performance. In conclusion, mathematics is often associated with negative emotions that can be manifested in specific math anxiety, particularly in children with DD. Importantly, present findings suggest that in the assessed age group, it is more reliable to judge math anxiety and investigate its effects on mathematical performance explicitly by adequate questionnaires than by an affective math priming task. KW - developmental dyscalculia KW - mathematics KW - affective priming KW - calculation KW - arithmetic KW - anxiety KW - gender KW - children Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00263 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 9 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kucian, Karin A1 - Zuber, Isabelle A1 - Kohn, Juliane A1 - Poltz, Nadine A1 - Wyschkon, Anne A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - von Aster, Michael G. T1 - Relation between mathematical performance, math anxiety, and affective priming in children with and without developmental dyscalculia T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Many children show negative emotions related to mathematics and some even develop mathematics anxiety. The present study focused on the relation between negative emotions and arithmetical performance in children with and without developmental dyscalculia (DD) using an affective priming task. Previous findings suggested that arithmetic performance is influenced if an affective prime precedes the presentation of an arithmetic problem. In children with DD specifically, responses to arithmetic operations are supposed to be facilitated by both negative and mathematics-related primes (= negative math priming effect). We investigated mathematical performance, math anxiety, and the domain-general abilities of 172 primary school children (76 with DD and 96 controls). All participants also underwent an affective priming task which consisted of the decision whether a simple arithmetic operation (addition or subtraction) that was preceded by a prime (positive/negative/neutral or mathematics-related) was true or false. Our findings did not reveal a negative math priming effect in children with DD. Furthermore, when considering accuracy levels, gender, or math anxiety, the negative math priming effect could not be replicated. However, children with DD showed more math anxiety when explicitly assessed by a specific math anxiety interview and showed lower mathematical performance compared to controls. Moreover, math anxiety was equally present in boys and girls, even in the earliest stages of schooling, and interfered negatively with performance. In conclusion, mathematics is often associated with negative emotions that can be manifested in specific math anxiety, particularly in children with DD. Importantly, present findings suggest that in the assessed age group, it is more reliable to judge math anxiety and investigate its effects on mathematical performance explicitly by adequate questionnaires than by an affective math priming task. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 684 KW - developmental dyscalculia KW - mathematics KW - affective priming KW - calculation KW - arithmetic KW - anxiety KW - gender KW - children Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-460671 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 684 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Posovszky, Carsten A1 - Roesler, Vreni Helen A1 - Becker, Sebastian A1 - Iven, Enno A1 - Hudert, Christian A1 - Ebinger, Friedrich A1 - Calvano, Claudia A1 - Warschburger, Petra T1 - Roles of Lactose and Fructose Malabsorption and Dietary Outcomes in Children Presenting with Chronic Abdominal Pain JF - Nutrients N2 - Intolerance to lactose or fructose is frequently diagnosed in children with chronic abdominal pain (CAP). However, the causal relationship remains a matter of discussion. A cohort of 253 patients, aged 7-12 years, presenting with unexplained CAP received standardized diagnostics. Additional diagnostic tests were performed based on their medical history and physical and laboratory investigations. Fructose and lactose hydrogen breath tests (H2BT) as well as empiric diagnostic elimination diets were performed in 135 patients reporting abdominal pain related to the consumption of lactose or fructose to evaluate carbohydrate intolerance as a potential cause of CAP. Carbohydrate malabsorption by H2BT was found in 55 (41%) out of 135 patients. An abnormal increase in H2BT was revealed in 30% (35/118) of patients after fructose consumption and in 18% (20/114) of patients after lactose administration. Forty-six percent (25/54) reported pain relief during a diagnostic elimination diet. In total, 17 patients had lactose malabsorption, 29 fructose malabsorption, and nine combined carbohydrate malabsorption. Carbohydrate intolerance as a cause of CAP was diagnosed at follow-up in only 18% (10/55) of patients with malabsorption after the elimination of the respective carbohydrate. Thus, carbohydrate malabsorption appears to be an incidental finding in children with functional abdominal pain disorders, rather than its cause. Therefore, testing of carbohydrate intolerance should only be considered in children with a strong clinical suspicion and with the goal to prevent long-term unnecessary dietary restrictions in children suffering from CAP. KW - chronic abdominal pain KW - children KW - fructose malabsorption KW - lactose intolerance KW - hydrogen breath test KW - functional abdominal pain disorders Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11123063 SN - 2072-6643 VL - 11 IS - 12 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - THES A1 - Fühner, Thea Heidi T1 - Secular trends, age, sex, and timing of school enrollment effects on physical fitness in children and adolescents T1 - Effekte von säkularen Trends, Alter, Geschlecht und Zeitpunkt der Einschulung auf die körperliche Fitness von Kindern und Jugendlichen N2 - The relevance of physical fitness for children’s and adolescents’ health is indisputable and it is crucial to regularly assess and evaluate children’s and adolescents’ individual physical fitness development to detect potential negative health consequences in time. Physical fitness tests are easy-to-administer, reliable, and valid which is why they should be widely used to provide information on performance development and health status of children and adolescents. When talking about development of physical fitness, two perspectives can be distinguished. One perspective is how the physical fitness status of children and adolescents changed / developed over the past decades (i.e., secular trends). The other perspective covers the analyses how physical fitness develops with increasing age due to growth and maturation processes. Although, the development of children’s and adolescents’ physical fitness has been extensively described and analyzed in the literature, still some questions remain to be uncovered that will be addressed in the present doctoral thesis. Previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses have examined secular trends in children’s and adolescents’ physical fitness. However, considering that those analyses are by now 15 years old and that updates are available only to limited components of physical fitness, it is time to re-analyze the literature and examine secular trends for selected components of physical fitness (i.e., cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle strength, proxies of muscle power, and speed). Fur-thermore, the available studies on children’s development of physical fitness as well as the ef-fects of moderating variables such as age and sex have been investigated within a long-term ontogenetic perspective. However, the effects of age and sex in the transition from pre-puberty to puberty in the ninth year of life using a short-term ontogenetic perspective and the effect of timing of school enrollment on children’s development of physical fitness have not been clearly identified. Therefore, the present doctoral thesis seeks to complement the knowledge of children’s and adolescents’ physical fitness development by updating secular trend analysis in selected components of physical fitness, by examining short-term ontogenetic cross-sectional developmental differences in children`s physical fitness, and by comparing physical fitness of older- and younger-than-keyage children versus keyage-children. These findings provide valuable information about children’s and adolescents’ physical fitness development to help prevent potential deficits in physical fitness as early as possible and consequently ensure a holistic development and a lifelong healthy life. Initially, a systematic review to provide an ‘update’ on secular trends in selected components of physical fitness (i.e., cardiorespiratory endurance, relative muscle strength, proxies of muscle power, speed) in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statement guidelines. To examine short-term ontogenetic cross-sectional developmental differences and to compare physical fitness of older- and younger-than-keyage children versus keyage-children physical fitness data of 108,295 keyage-children (i.e., aged 8.00 to 8.99 years), 2,586 younger-than-keyage children (i.e., aged 7.00 to 7.99 years), and 26,540 older-than-keyage children (i.e., aged 9.00 to 9.99 years) from the third grade were analyzed. Physical fitness was assessed through the EMOTIKON test battery measuring cardiorespiratory endurance (i.e., 6-min-run test), coordina-tion (i.e., star-run test), speed (i.e., 20-m linear sprint test), and proxies of lower (i.e., standing long jump test) and upper limbs (i.e., ball-push test) muscle power. Statistical inference was based on Linear Mixed Models. Findings from the systematic review revealed a large initial improvement and an equally large subsequent decline between 1986 and 2010 as well as a stabilization between 2010 and 2015 in cardiorespiratory endurance, a general trend towards a small improvement in relative muscle strength from 1972 to 2015, an overall small negative quadratic trend for proxies of muscle power from 1972 to 2015, and a small-to-medium improvement in speed from 2002 to 2015. Findings from the cross-sectional studies showed that even in a single prepubertal year of life (i.e., ninth year) physical fitness performance develops linearly with increasing chronological age, boys showed better performances than girls in all physical fitness components, and the components varied in the size of sex and age effects. Furthermore, findings revealed that older-than-keyage children showed poorer performance in physical fitness compared to keyage-children, older-than-keyage girls showed better performances than older-than-keyage boys, and younger-than-keyage children outperformed keyage-children. Due to the varying secular trends in physical fitness, it is recommended to promote initiatives for physical activity and physical fitness for children and adolescents to prevent adverse effects on health and well-being. More precisely, public health initiatives should specifically consider exercising cardiorespiratory endurance and muscle strength because both components showed strong positive associations with markers of health. Furthermore, the findings implied that physical education teachers, coaches, or researchers can utilize a proportional adjustment to individually interpret physical fitness of prepubertal school-aged children. Special attention should be given to the promotion of physical fitness of older-than-keyage children because they showed poorer performance in physical fitness than keyage-children. Therefore, it is necessary to specifically consider this group and provide additional health and fitness programs to reduce their deficits in physical fitness experienced during prior years to guarantee a holistic development. N2 - Die Relevanz der körperlichen Fitness für die Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen ist unbestritten und es ist von entscheidender Bedeutung, den individuellen körperlichen Fitnesszustand von Kindern und Jugendlichen regelmäßig zu untersuchen und zu bewerten, um mögliche negative gesundheitliche Folgen rechtzeitig zu erkennen. Tests zur Bewertung der körperlichen Fitness sind einfach durchzuführen, reliabel und valide, weshalb sie in großem Umfang eingesetzt werden sollten, um Informationen über die Entwicklung der körperlichen Fitness und den Gesundheitszustand von Kindern und Jugendlichen zu erhalten. Bei der Betrachtung der Entwicklung der körperlichen Fitness lassen sich zwei Perspektiven unterscheiden. Die eine Perspektive untersucht, wie sich die körperliche Fitness von Kindern und Jugendlichen in den letzten Jahrzehnten verändert bzw. entwickelt hat (sog. säkulare Trends). Die andere Perspektive analysiert, wie sich die körperliche Fitness mit zunehmendem Alter aufgrund von Wachstums- und Reifungsprozessen entwickelt. Obwohl die Entwicklung der körperlichen Fitness von Kindern und Jugendlichen in der Literatur ausführlich beschrieben und analysiert wurde, sind noch einige Fragen offen, welche in der vorliegenden Doktorarbeit adressiert werden. Frühere systematische Überblicksbeiträge und Meta-Analysen haben säkulare Trends in der körperlichen Fitness von Kindern und Jugendlichen untersucht. Da diese Analysen jedoch mittlerweile 15 Jahre alt sind und Aktualisierungen nur für ausgewählte Komponenten der körperlichen Fitness zur Verfügung stehen, ist es notwendig, die Literatur neu zu analysieren und säkulare Trends für ausgewählte Komponenten der körperlichen Fitness (d. h. aerobe Ausdauer, relative Muskelkraft, Schnellkraft und Schnelligkeit) zu untersuchen. Darüber hinaus wurden die verfügbaren Studien über die Entwicklung der körperlichen Fitness von Kindern sowie die Effekte moderierender Variablen wie Alter und Geschlecht in einer langfristigen ontogenetischen Perspektive untersucht. Die Effekte von Alter und Geschlecht beim Übergang von der Vorpubertät zur Pubertät im neunten Lebensjahr unter einer kurzfristigen ontogenetischen Perspektive und die Effekte des Zeitpunkts der Einschulung auf die Entwicklung der körperlichen Fitness von Kindern sind jedoch bislang nicht eindeutig identifiziert worden. Die vorliegende Doktorarbeit hat daher das Ziel, den Wissensstand über die Entwicklung der körperlichen Fitness von Kindern und Jugendlichen zu ergänzen, indem säkulare Trendanalysen ausgewählter Komponenten der körperlichen Fitness aktualisiert werden, kurzfristige ontogenetische Entwicklungsunterschiede in der körperlichen Fitness von Kindern im Querschnitt untersucht werden und die körperliche Fitness von älteren und jüngeren Kindern im Vergleich zu Stichtagskindern analysiert wird. Diese Erkenntnisse liefern wertvolle Informationen über die Entwicklung der körperlichen Fitness von Kindern und Jugendlichen, um möglichen Defiziten in der körperlichen Fitness so früh wie möglich vorzubeugen und damit eine ganzheitliche Entwicklung und ein lebenslanges gesundes Leben zu gewährleisten. Zunächst wurde ein systematischer Überblicksbeitrag verfasst, um den Wissenstand der säkularen Trends bei ausgewählten Komponenten der körperlichen Fitness (d. h. aerobe Ausdauer, relative Muskelkraft, Schnellkraft, Schnelligkeit) bei Kindern und Jugendlichen gemäß den PRISMA Richtlinien zu aktualisieren. Um kurzfristige ontogenetische Entwicklungsunterschiede im Querschnitt zu untersuchen und die körperliche Fitness von älteren und jüngeren Kindern im Vergleich zu Stichtagskindern zu analysieren, wurden die Daten zur körperlichen Fitness von 108.295 Stichtagskindern (d. h. im Alter von 8,00 bis 8,99 Jahren), 2.586 jüngeren Kindern (d. h. im Alter von 7,00 bis 7,99 Jahren) und 26.540 älteren Kindern (d. h. im Alter von 9,00 bis 9,99 Jahren) aus der dritten Klasse analysiert. Die körperliche Fitness wurde anhand der EMOTIKON-Testbatterie zur Messung der aeroben Ausdauer (d. h. 6-min-Lauf), der Koordi-nation (d. h. Sternlauf), der Schnelligkeit (d. h. 20-m-Sprint) sowie der Schnellkraft der unteren (d. h. Standweitsprung) und oberen Extremitäten (d. h. Medizinballstoßen) erhoben. Die statistische Inferenz basierte auf Linear Mixed Models. Die Ergebnisse des systematischen Überblickbeitrags zeigten eine starke anfängliche Verbesserung und einen ebenso starken Rückgang zwischen 1986 und 2010 sowie eine Stabilisierung zwischen 2010 und 2015 bei der aeroben Ausdauer. Zudem war ein allgemeiner Trend zu einer geringen Verbesserung der relativen Muskelkraft zwischen 1972 und 2015, ein insgesamt geringer negativer quadratischer Trend bei der Schnellkraft zwischen 1972 und 2015 sowie eine geringe bis mittlere Verbesserung der Schnelligkeit zwischen 2002 und 2015 zu verzeichnen. Die Ergebnisse der Querschnittsstudien legten dar, dass sich die körperliche Fitness selbst in einem einzigen präpubertären Lebensjahr (d. h. neuntes Lebensjahr) mit zunehmendem chronologischen Alter linear entwickelt, dass Jungen in allen untersuchten Komponenten der körperlichen Fitness bessere Leistungen zeigten als Mädchen und dass sich die Komponenten der körperlichen Fitness in der Stärke der Alters- und Geschlechtseffekte stark unterschieden. Darüber hinaus zeigten die Ergebnisse, dass Kinder, die älter als Stichtagskinder sind, im Vergleich zu Stichtagskindern schlechtere Leistungen zeigten; Mädchen, die älter als Stichtagskinder sind, bessere Leistungen zeigten als Jungen, die älter als Stichtagskinder sind; und Kinder, die jünger als Stichtagskinder sind, bessere Leistungen zeigten als Stichtagskinder. Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen säkularen Trends bei der körperlichen Fitness wird empfohlen, Initiativen für körperliche Aktivität und körperliche Fitness bei Kindern und Jugendlichen zu fördern, um negative Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden zu verhindern. Insbesondere sollten Initiativen im Bereich der öffentlichen Gesundheit speziell das Training der aeroben Ausdauer und der Muskelkraft berücksichtigen, da beide Komponenten starke positive Assoziationen mit Gesundheitsmarkern aufweisen. Darüber hinaus legen die Ergebnisse nahe, dass Sportlehrkräfte, Trainer und Trainerinnen oder Wissenschaftler und Wissenschaftlerinnen eine proportionale Anpassung nutzen können, um die körperliche Fitness von Kindern im vorpubertären Schulalter individuell zu interpretieren. Ein besonderes Augenmerk sollte auf die Förderung der körperlichen Fitness von Kindern, die älter als Stichtagskinder sind, gelegt werden, da diese schlechtere Leistungen in der körperlichen Fitness zeigten als Stichtagskinder. Daher ist es notwendig, diese Gruppe besonders zu berücksichtigen und zusätzliche Gesundheits- und Fitnessprogramme anzubieten, um ihre Defizite in der körperlichen Fitness abzubauen und eine ganzheitliche Entwicklung zu gewährleisten. KW - physical fitness KW - children KW - adolescents KW - primary school KW - secular trends KW - age KW - sex KW - timing of school enrollment KW - körperliche Fitness KW - Kinder KW - Jugendliche KW - Grundschule KW - säkulare Trends KW - Alter KW - Geschlecht KW - Zeitpunkt der Einschulung Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-588643 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hammami, Raouf A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Makhlouf, Issam A1 - Behm, David George A1 - Chaouachi, Anis T1 - SEQUENCING EFFECTS OF BALANCE AND PLYOMETRIC TRAINING ON PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE IN YOUTH SOCCER ATHLETES JF - Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA N2 - Balance training may have a preconditioning effect on subsequent power training with youth. There are no studies examining whether the sequencing of balance and plyometric training has additional training benefits. The objective was to examine the effect of sequencing balance and plyometric training on the performance of 12- to 13-year-old athletes. Twenty-four young elite soccer players trained twice per week for 8 weeks either with an initial 4 weeks of balance training followed by 4 weeks of plyometric training (BPT) or 4 weeks of plyometric training proceeded by 4 weeks of balance training (PBT). Testing was conducted pre- and posttraining and included medicine ball throw; horizontal and vertical jumps; reactive strength; leg stiffness; agility; 10-, 20-, and 30-m sprints; Standing Stork balance test; and Y-Balance test. Results indicated that BPT provided significantly greater improvements with reactive strength index, absolute and relative leg stiffness, triple hop test, and a trend for the Y-Balance test (p = 0.054) compared with PBT. Although all other measures had similar changes for both groups, the average relative improvement for the BPT was 22.4% (d = 1.5) vs. 15.0% (d = 1.1) for the PBT. BPT effect sizes were greater with 8 of 13 measures. In conclusion, although either sequence of BPT or PBT improved jumping, hopping, sprint acceleration, and Standing Stork and Y-Balance, BPT initiated greater training improvements in reactive strength index, absolute and relative leg stiffness, triple hop test, and the Y-Balance test. BPT may provide either similar or superior performance enhancements compared with PBT. KW - children KW - adolescents KW - power KW - jumps KW - sprints Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001425 SN - 1064-8011 SN - 1533-4287 VL - 30 SP - 3278 EP - 3289 PB - Elsevier CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - GEN A1 - Warschburger, Petra T1 - SRT-Joy - computer-assisted self-regulation training for obese children and adolescents: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial N2 - Background: Obesity is not only a highly prevalent disease but also poses a considerable burden on children and their families. Evidence is increasing that a lack of self-regulation skills may play a role in the etiology and maintenance of obesity. Our goal with this currently ongoing trial is to examine whether training that focuses on the enhancement of self-regulation skills may increase the sustainability of a complex lifestyle intervention. Methods/Design: In a multicenter, prospective, parallel group, randomized controlled superiority trial, 226 obese children and adolescents aged 8 to 16 years will be allocated either to a newly developed computer-training program to improve their self-regulation abilities or to a placebo control group. Randomization occurs centrally and blockwise at a 1:1 allocation ratio for each center. This study is performed in pediatric inpatient rehabilitation facilities specialized in the treatment of obesity. Observer-blind assessments of outcome variables take place at four times: at the beginning of the rehabilitation (pre), at the end of the training in the rehabilitation (post), and 6 and 12 months post-rehabilitation intervention. The primary outcome is the course of BMI-SDS over 1 year after the end of the inpatient rehabilitation. Secondary endpoints are the self-regulation skills. In addition, health-related quality of life, and snack intake will be analyzed. Discussion: The computer-based training programs might be a feasible and attractive tool to increase the sustainability of the weight loss reached during inpatient rehabilitation. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 364 KW - obesity KW - randomized-controlled trial KW - computer-assisted self-regulation training KW - children KW - adolescents KW - weight Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401793 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Warschburger, Petra A1 - Calvano, Claudia A1 - Becker, Sebastian A1 - Friedt, Michael A1 - Hudert, Christian A1 - Posovszky, Carsten A1 - Schier, Maike A1 - Wegscheider, Karl T1 - Stop the pain : study protocol for a randomized-controlled trial N2 - Background: Functional abdominal pain (FAP) is not only a highly prevalent disease but also poses a considerable burden on children and their families. Untreated, FAP is highly persistent until adulthood, also leading to an increased risk of psychiatric disorders. Intervention studies underscore the efficacy of cognitive behavioral treatment approaches but are limited in terms of sample size, long-term follow-up data, controls and inclusion of psychosocial outcome data. Methods/Design: In a multicenter randomized controlled trial, 112 children aged 7 to 12 years who fulfill the Rome III criteria for FAP will be allocated to an established cognitive behavioral training program for children with FAP (n = 56) or to an active control group (focusing on age-appropriate information delivery; n = 56). Randomization occurs centrally, blockwise and is stratified by center. This study is performed in five pediatric gastroenterology outpatient departments. Observer-blind assessments of outcome variables take place four times: pre-, post-, 3- and 12-months post-treatment. Primary outcome is the course of pain intensity and frequency. Secondary endpoints are health-related quality of life, pain-related coping and cognitions, as well as selfefficacy. Discussion: This confirmatory randomized controlled clinical trial evaluates the efficacy of a cognitive behavioral intervention for children with FAP. By applying an active control group, time and attention processes can be controlled, and long-term follow-up data over the course of one year can be explored. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 363 KW - FAP KW - randomized controlled trial KW - cognitive behavioral intervention KW - children KW - pain Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401451 ER - TY - THES A1 - Döring, Ivonne T1 - Subjektive Krankheitskonzepte adipöser Kinder : ihre Erfassung und ihr Einfluss auf den kindlichen Regulationsprozess T1 - Illness representations of obese children and their influence on the regulatory process N2 - Adipositas gilt seit einigen Jahren als eine der häufigsten chronischen Erkrankungen des Kindes- und Jugendalters. Welche Faktoren zu einer erfolgreichen Behandlung der Adipositas im Kindes- und Jugendalter führen, sind jedoch noch immer nicht ausreichend geklärt. Ein wichtiger – bisher jedoch weitgehend unbeachteter – Faktor, welcher möglicherweise wegweisend für den Therapieverlauf sein kann, ist das subjektive Krankheitskonzept der betroffenen Kinder. Das bedeutsamste theoretische Modell, welches den Einfluss der individuellen Krankheitsvorstellungen auf den Regulationsprozess eines Menschen im Umgang mit Erkrankungen beschreibt, ist das Common Sense Model of Illness Representation (CSM) von Howard Leventhal. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es die subjektiven Krankheitskonzepte adipöser Kinder zu erfassen und ihren Einfluss auf den Regulationsprozess zu analysieren. In einer ersten Untersuchung wurde mittels Daten von 168 adipösen Kindern im Alter von 8 bis 12 Jahren zunächst ein Fragebogen zur Erfassung der subjektiven Krankheitskonzepte entwickelt. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass der Fragebogen als reliabel und valide eingeschätzt werden kann. Mit Hilfe dieses Fragebogens konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass adipöse Kinder Konstrukte über ihre Erkrankung haben, welche in eigenständigen Dimensionen gespeichert werden. Die gefundenen initialen Krankheitskonzepte adipöser Kinder ergeben ein homogenes erwartungskonformes Bild. In einer zweiten Untersuchung wurden anschließend die subjektiven Krankheitskonzepte adipöser Kinder, die Bewältigungsstrategien sowie gesundheits- und krankheitsrelevante Kriteriumsvariablen untersucht. Die Befragungen erfolgten vor Beginn einer stationären Reha (T1), am Ende der Reha (T2) sowie sechs Monate nach Reha-Ende (T3). Von 107 Kindern liegen Daten zu allen drei Messzeitpunkten vor. Es konnte ein Zusammenhang zwischen Krankheitskonzepten, Bewältigungsstrategien und spezifischen Kriteriumsvariablen bei adipösen Kindern nachgewiesen werden. Die Analyse der Wirkzusammenhänge konnte zeigen, dass die kindlichen Krankheitskonzepte – neben den indirekten Einflüssen über die Bewältigungsstrategien – die Kriteriumsvariablen vor allem auch direkt beeinflussen können. Der Einfluss der initialen Krankheitskonzepte adipöser Kinder konnte hierbei sowohl im querschnittlichen als auch im längsschnittlichen Design bestätigt werden. Zudem konnten vielfältige Einflüsse der Veränderung der subjektiven Krankheitskonzepte während der Therapie gefunden werden. Die Veränderungen der Krankheitskonzepte wirken sowohl mittelfristig auf die individuellen Bewältigungsstrategien am Ende der Reha als auch längerfristig auf die adipositasspezifischen Kriteriumsvariablen Gewicht, Ernährung, Bewegung und Lebensqualität. Die Befunde stärken die Relevanz und das Potential der zielgerichteten Modifikation adaptiver bzw. maladaptiver Krankheitskonzepte innerhalb der stationären Therapie der kindlichen Adipositas. Zudem konnte bestätigt werden, dass subjektive Krankheitskonzepte und ihre Veränderung innerhalb der Therapie einen relevanten Beitrag zur Vorhersage des kindlichen Therapieerfolgs über einen längerfristigen Zeitraum leisten können. N2 - Obesity has been considered one of the most common chronic illnesses in children and adolescents for some years. The factors that contribute to a successful treatment of obesity in children and adolescents have however yet to be adequately identified. One important – but so far largely neglected – factor which could be crucial to the therapeutic process is the subjective concept of illness in the children affected. The most significant theoretical model to describe the influence of the individual notions of illness on a person’s regulatory process in dealing with illnesses is the Common Sense Model of Illness Representation (CSM) developed by Howard Leventhal. The aim of this thesis was to record the subjective concepts of illness in obese children and to analyse their influence on the regulatory process. In a first study, a survey was developed to collect data on the subjective concepts of illness in 168 obese children between the ages of 8 and 12 years. The results indicate that the survey can be considered reliable and valid. With the aid of this survey, it could be proven that obese children have constructs of their illness that are stored in independent dimensions. The initial concepts of illness found in obese children give a homogeneous picture that conforms to expectations. A second study analysed the subjective concepts of illness in obese children, as well as coping strategies and health and illness-relevant criterion variables. Surveys were carried out before the start of in-patient rehab (T1), at the end of rehab (T2) and six months after the end of rehab (T3). The data of 107 children is available from all three instances of measurement. It was possible to prove a connection between concepts of illness, coping strategies and specific criterion variables in obese children. An analysis of cause-and-effect relationships was able to demonstrate that – as well as indirectly influencing the coping strategies – the children’s concepts of illness had above all a direct influence on the criterion variables. The influence of the initial concepts of illness in obese children could thus be confirmed both in a cross-sectional and in a longitudinal design. In addition, multiple influences were found of changes to the subjective concepts of illness in the course of therapy. Changes to concepts of illness have both a medium-term effect on individual coping strategies at the end of rehab and a longer-term effect on the obesity-specific criterion variables weight, diet, movement and quality of life. The findings reinforce the relevance and potential of the goal-orientated modification of adaptive or maladaptive concepts of illness within the in-patient treatment of childhood obesity. In addition, it was confirmed that subjective concepts of illness and the changes they undergo during therapy can provide a relevant contribution to predicting the success of a child’s therapy over a longer period of time. KW - Adipositas KW - Kinder KW - subjektive Krankheitskonzepte KW - Common Sense Model of Illness Representation KW - Bewältigungsstrategien KW - obesity KW - children KW - illness representations KW - concepts of illness KW - common sense model of illness representation Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-72322 ER - TY - THES A1 - Jovanovic, Nenad T1 - The comprehension of the passive voice by different populations and the effects of structural priming on this process N2 - This thesis investigates the comprehension of the passive voice in three distinct populations. First, the comprehension of passives by adult German speakers was studied, followed by an examination of how German-speaking children comprehend the structure. Finally, bilingual Mandarin-English speakers were tested on their comprehension of the passive voice in English, which is their L2. An integral part of testing the comprehension in all three populations is the use of structural priming. In each of the three distinct parts of the research, structural priming was used for a specific reason. In the study involving adult German speakers, productive and receptive structural priming was directly compared. The goal was to see the effect the two priming modalities have on language comprehension. In the study on German-acquiring children, structural priming was an important tool in answering the question regarding the delayed acquisition of the passive voice. Finally, in the study on the bilingual population, cross-linguistic priming was used to investigate the importance of word order in the priming effect, since Mandarin and English have different word orders in passive voice sentences. N2 - Diese Doktorarbeit untersucht das Verständnis von Passivsätzen in drei spezifischen Populationen. Zunächst wurde das Passivverständnis von erwachsenen deutschen Muttersprachlern erforscht, gefolgt von einer Untersuchung des Verständnisses von Passivsätzen deutschsprachiger Kinder. Schließlich wurden bilinguale Mandarin-Sprecher hinsichtlich ihres Verständnisses von Passivsätzen in der englischen Sprache, welche ihre Zweitsprache darstellt, getestet. Ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der Untersuchung des Sprachverständnisses in allen drei Populationen ist der Gebrauch des Structural Priming. In jedem der drei verschiedenen Teile der Untersuchung gab es spezifische Gründe, die Methode des Structural Priming anzuwenden. So wurden in der Studie mit deutschen erwachsenen Muttersprachlern Productive und Receptive Structural Priming unmittelbar mit einander verglichen. Das Ziel war es, die Wirkung von zwei verschiedenen Priming-Modalitäten auf das Sprachverständnis herauszufinden. In der Studie mit deutschsprachigen Kindern war Structural Priming ein wichtiges Hilfsmittel, um die Frage nach dem verzögerten Erwerb des Passivverständnisses zu beantworten. In der Studie der bilingualen Population schließlich wurde Cross-Linguistik (sprachübergreifendes) Priming genutzt um die Bedeutung des Satzbaus auf den Priming-Effekt zu untersuchen, da Mandarin und Englisch in Passivsätzen einen unterschiedlichen Satzbau verwenden. T2 - Das Verständnis von Passivkonstruktionen in verschiedenen Populationen unter Einfluss von strukturellem Priming KW - priming KW - eye-tracing KW - syntax KW - comprehension KW - cross-linguistic KW - passive voice KW - acquisition KW - children KW - bilingual KW - Erwerb KW - cross-linguistisch KW - Augenblickmessung KW - Passive KW - Priming KW - Syntax KW - Verständnis KW - Kinder KW - bilingual Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-475900 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Pürgstaller, Esther A1 - Neuber, Nils ED - Pürgstaller, Esther ED - Neuber, Nils T1 - Tänzerischer Kreativitätstest für 8 bis 12-Jährige BT - Testmanual N2 - Der tänzerische Kreativitätstest stellt ein valides Instrumentarium dar, welches auf tanzspezifischen Aufgaben basiert und für die differenzierte und standardisierte Erfassung der tänzerischen Kreativität bei Kindern im Alter von 8 bis 12 Jahren konzipiert ist. Mit dem tänzerischen Kreativitätstest können nicht nur Fragestellungen zum Stand sowie zur Entwicklung tänzerisch-kreativer Fähigkeiten im Kindesalter bearbeitet werden, sondern er liefert auch wertvolle Informationen für die Optimierung von Trainings-, Förder- und Vermittlungsmaßnahmen. Erfasst werden folgende tänzerisch-kreativen Fähigkeiten: 1) Vielfalt und Originalität in der Fortbewegung und in Körperpositionen sowie 2) Ideenreichtum, Vielfalt und Originalität in der Gestaltung von Bewegungspatterns und -kompositionen. Dieser Test lässt sich mit größeren Gruppen und minimalem materiellen Aufwand durchführen, ist zeitlich unbeschränkt und ermöglicht es, unterschiedliche Leistungsniveaus zu identifizieren. Der tänzerische Kreativitätstest bietet Forschenden und Lehrkräften eine wertvolle Möglichkeit, die tänzerisch-kreativen Fähigkeiten von Kindern zu analysieren und zu fördern. N2 - The dance creativity test represents a valid instrument based on dance-specific tasks, designed for the differentiated and standardized evaluation of dance creativity in children aged 8 to 12 years. With the dance creativity test questions regarding the status and development of dance-creative abilities in childhood be addressed. It also provides valuable information for optimizing training, promotion, and teaching. The following dance-creative abilities are captured: 1) Variety and originality in locomotor movements and body shapes, and 2) Fluency, variety, and originality in movement patterns and compositions. This test can be conducted with larger groups and minimal material effort, is not time-restricted, and allows for the identification of different performance levels. The dance creativity test offers researchers and teachers a valuable opportunity to analyze and promote the dance creative abilities of children. KW - Kreativitätstest KW - Tanz KW - Test KW - Testmanual KW - Kinder KW - creativity test KW - dance KW - test KW - test manual KW - children Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-627040 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meyer, Ursina A1 - Ernst, Dominique A1 - Schott, Silvia A1 - Riera, Claudia A1 - Hattendorf, Jan A1 - Romkes, Jacqueline A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Göpfert, Beat A1 - Kriemler, Susi T1 - Validation of two accelerometers to determine mechanical loading of physical activities in children JF - Journal of sports sciences N2 - The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of accelerometers using force plates (i.e., ground reaction force (GRF)) during the performance of different tasks of daily physical activity in children. Thirteen children (10.1 (range 5.4-15.7)years, 3 girls) wore two accelerometers (ActiGraph GT3X+ (ACT), GENEA (GEN)) at the hip that provide raw acceleration signals at 100Hz. Participants completed different tasks (walking, jogging, running, landings from boxes of different height, rope skipping, dancing) on a force plate. GRF was collected for one step per trial (10 trials) for ambulatory movements and for all landings (10 trials), rope skips and dance procedures. Accelerometer outputs as peak loading (g) per activity were averaged. ANOVA, correlation analyses and Bland-Altman plots were computed to determine validity of accelerometers using GRF. There was a main effect of task with increasing acceleration values in tasks with increasing locomotion speed and landing height (P<0.001). Data from ACT and GEN correlated with GRF (r=0.90 and 0.89, respectively) and between each other (r=0.98), but both accelerometers consistently overestimated GRF. The new generation of accelerometer models that allow raw signal detection are reasonably accurate to measure impact loading of bone in children, although they systematically overestimate GRF. KW - bone KW - impact loading KW - children KW - physical activity KW - ground reaction force Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2015.1004638 SN - 0264-0414 SN - 1466-447X VL - 33 IS - 16 SP - 1702 EP - 1709 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER -