TY - JOUR A1 - Schälicke, Svenja A1 - Heim, Silvia A1 - Martin-Creuzburg, Dominik A1 - Wacker, Alexander T1 - Inter- and intraspecific differences in rotifer fatty acid composition during acclimation to low-quality food JF - Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London : B, Biological sciences N2 - Biochemical food quality constraints affect the performance of consumers and mediate trait variation among and within consumer species. To assess inter- and intraspecific differences in fatty acid retention and conversion in freshwater rotifers, we provided four strains of two closely related rotifer species,Brachionus calyciflorussensustricto andBrachionus fernandoi, with food algae differing in their fatty acid composition. The rotifers grazed for 5 days on eitherNannochloropsis limneticaorMonoraphidium minutum, two food algae with distinct polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) profiles, before the diets were switched to PUFA-freeSynechococcus elongatus, which was provided for three more days. We found between- and within-species differences in rotifer fatty acid compositions on the respective food sources and, in particular, highly specific acclimation reactions to the PUFA-free diet. The different reactions indicate inter- but also intraspecific differences in physiological traits, such as PUFA retention, allocation and bioconversion capacities, within the genusBrachionusthat are most likely accompanied by differences in their nutritional demands. Our data suggest that biochemical food quality constraints act differently on traits of closely related species and of strains of a particular species and thus might be involved in shaping ecological interactions and evolutionary processes. This article is part of the theme issue 'The next horizons for lipids as 'trophic biomarkers': evidence and significance of consumer modification of dietary fatty acids'. KW - Brachionus KW - fatty acids KW - food quality KW - PUFA composition KW - rotifer KW - strains KW - trait variation Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0644 SN - 0962-8436 SN - 1471-2970 VL - 375 IS - 1804 PB - Royal Society CY - London ER - TY - THES A1 - Drago, Claudia T1 - Microplastics in the environment: Assessing the ingestion and effect of microplastics on freshwater rotifers in an environmental scenario T1 - Mikroplastik in der Umwelt: Bewertung der Aufnahme und Effekte von Mikroplastik auf Süßwasser-Rotatorien N2 - Microplastics in the environments are estimated to increase in the near future due to increasing consumption of plastic product and also due to further fragmentation in small pieces. The fate and effects of MP once released into the freshwater environment are still scarcely studied, compared to the marine environment. In order to understand possible effect and interaction of MPs in freshwater environment, planktonic zooplankton organisms are very useful for their crucial trophic role. In particular freshwater rotifers are one of the most abundant organisms and they are the interface between primary producers and secondary consumers. The aim of my thesis was to investigate the ingestion and the effect of MPs in rotifers from a more natural scenario and to individuate processes such as the aggregation of MPs, the food dilution effect and the increasing concentrations of MPs that could influence the final outcome of MPs in the environment. In fact, in a near natural scenario MPs interaction with bacteria and algae, aggregations together with the size and concentration are considered drivers of ingestion and effect. The aggregation of MPs makes smaller MPs more available for rotifers and larger MPs less ingested. The negative effect caused by the ingestion of MPs was modulated by their size but also by the quantity and the quality of food that cause variable responses. In fact, rotifers in the environment are subjected to food limitation and the presence of MPs could exacerbate this condition and decrease the population and the reproduction input. Finally, in a scenario incorporating an entire zooplanktonic community, MPs were ingested by most individuals taking into account their feeding mode but also the concentration of MPs, which was found to be essential for the availability of MPs. This study highlights the importance to investigate MPs from a more environmental perspective, this in fact could provide an alternative and realistic view of effect of MPs in the ecosystem. N2 - Das allgegenwärtige Vorhandensein in der Umwelt, der rasche Anstieg und die Langlebigkeit haben Plastik zu einem großen Umweltproblem gemacht. Die zunehmende Konzentration von Plastik durch weitere Fragmentierung in Süßgewässern und die daraus resultierenden Konsequenzen auf Ökosystemebenen werden noch immer unterschätzt. Die Auswirkungen von MP auf planktonische Organismen wie den Rotatorien sind noch nicht hinreichend untersucht worden. Ein negativer Effekt könnte Folgen auf höhere trophische Ebenen haben. In dieser Studie wird untersucht, wie natürliche Faktoren die Aufnahme und Wirkung von Mikroplastik (MP) auf Rotatorien verändern können. Natürliche Faktoren, wie zum Beispiel durch Bakterien aggregierte MP, unterschiedliche Algennahrung, sowie verschiedene aquatische Tierarten, wurden genutzt, um Umweltbedingungen im Labor zu imitieren. Die Aufnahmerate von MP, von MP in Verbindung mit Algennahrung und von aggregiertem MP wurde untersucht (Kapitel 2). Durch die Aggregation von MP sind kleinere MP für Rotatorien besser verfügbar und größere MP werden weniger aufgenommen. Die Auswirkungen des MPs wurden in meiner Studie in Abhängigkeit von der Nahrungszufuhr, z. B. von der Algenkonzentration, aber auch von der Art der Algen untersucht. Darüber hinaus wurden Polyamidfragmente und Siliziumdioxidkügelchen verwendet, um mögliche Partikeleffekte oder negative Reaktionen im Zusammenhang mit der Art und Form des Plastiks zu verstehen. Zwei verwandte Brachyonidenarten wurden dabei untersucht. Die Wirkung von MP auf B. calyciflorus und B. fernandoi wurde in Kombination mit verschiedenen Konzentrationen und Arten von Futter getestet. Ziel dieser Studie (Kapitel 3) war es, eine Beziehung zwischen den MP-Konzentrationen und der Qualität der Nahrung herzustellen. Darüber hinaus wurden die beiden Arten miteinander verglichen, um mögliche Unterschiede in der Reaktion auf MP festzustellen. Es wurden subletale Reaktionen, wie die Fortpflanzung, die Populationswachstumsrate und das Überleben untersucht, wobei eine schädliche Auswirkung in Form einer Verringerung der Populationsgröße durch geringere Fortpflanzung festgestellt wurde. In einem komplexeren und naturnahen Szenario, wurde ein Mikrokosmos-Experiment durchgeführt, bei dem vier verschiedene Zooplanktongruppen, bestehend aus Rotatorien, Cladoceren, Copepoden und Ostracoden, drei verschiedenen MP-Größen ausgesetzt wurden (Kapitel 4). Die wichtigsten Einflussfaktoren, wie die MP-Konzentration, die Größe und die Art der Nahrungsaufnahme, wurden berücksichtigt, um festzustellen, welche Gruppe anfälliger für die MP-Aufnahme ist. Die MP-Konzentration und die Art der Futteraufnahme beeinflussten die Aufnahme von MP stärker als die Größe. Bei hoher Konzentration nahmen trotz der Größenpräferenz und der Art der Futteraufnahme mehr Individuen das MP auf. Im Gegensatz dazu konnte die Aufnahme von MP bei niedriger Konzentration vermieden werden. Diese Studie verdeutlicht, dass Umweltfaktoren sowie die MP-Konzentration und die Art der Futteraufnahme eine wichtige Rolle bei der Untersuchung von MP spielen. KW - microplastics KW - rotifer KW - ingestion KW - effect KW - Effekt KW - Aufnahme KW - Mikroplastik KW - Rotatorien Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-573356 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pawlak, Julia A1 - Noetzel, Dominique Christian A1 - Drago, Claudia A1 - Weithoff, Guntram T1 - Assessing the toxicity of polystyrene beads and silica particles on the microconsumer Brachionus calyciflorus at different timescales T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Environmental pollution by microplastics has become a severe problem in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and, according to actual prognoses, problems will further increase in the future. Therefore, assessing and quantifying the risk for the biota is crucial. Standardized short-term toxicological procedures as well as methods quantifying potential toxic effects over the whole life span of an animal are required. We studied the effect of the microplastic polystyrene on the survival and reproduction of a common freshwater invertebrate, the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus, at different timescales. We used pristine polystyrene spheres of 1, 3, and 6 µm diameter and fed them to the animals together with food algae in different ratios ranging from 0 to 50% nonfood particles. As a particle control, we used silica to distinguish between a pure particle effect and a plastic effect. After 24 h, no toxic effect was found, neither with polystyrene nor with silica. After 96 h, a toxic effect was detectable for both particle types. The size of the particles played a negligible role. Studying the long-term effect by using life table experiments, we found a reduced reproduction when the animals were fed with 3 µm spheres together with similar-sized food algae. We conclude that the fitness reduction is mainly driven by the dilution of food by the nonfood particles rather than by a direct toxic effect. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1277 KW - microplastics KW - rotifer KW - freshwater KW - natural particle KW - toxicity KW - environmental pollution Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-569967 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1277 SP - 1 EP - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pawlak, Julia A1 - Noetzel, Dominique Christian A1 - Drago, Claudia A1 - Weithoff, Guntram T1 - Assessing the toxicity of polystyrene beads and silica particles on the microconsumer Brachionus calyciflorus at different timescales JF - Frontiers in Environmental Science N2 - Environmental pollution by microplastics has become a severe problem in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and, according to actual prognoses, problems will further increase in the future. Therefore, assessing and quantifying the risk for the biota is crucial. Standardized short-term toxicological procedures as well as methods quantifying potential toxic effects over the whole life span of an animal are required. We studied the effect of the microplastic polystyrene on the survival and reproduction of a common freshwater invertebrate, the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus, at different timescales. We used pristine polystyrene spheres of 1, 3, and 6 µm diameter and fed them to the animals together with food algae in different ratios ranging from 0 to 50% nonfood particles. As a particle control, we used silica to distinguish between a pure particle effect and a plastic effect. After 24 h, no toxic effect was found, neither with polystyrene nor with silica. After 96 h, a toxic effect was detectable for both particle types. The size of the particles played a negligible role. Studying the long-term effect by using life table experiments, we found a reduced reproduction when the animals were fed with 3 µm spheres together with similar-sized food algae. We conclude that the fitness reduction is mainly driven by the dilution of food by the nonfood particles rather than by a direct toxic effect. KW - microplastics KW - rotifer KW - freshwater KW - natural particle KW - toxicity KW - environmental pollution Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.955425 SN - 2296-665X SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER -