TY - THES A1 - Haß, Ulrike T1 - Vergleich anti-inflammatorischer Ernährungsstrategien auf Inflammation und Muskelfunktion bei älteren Erwachsenen T1 - Comparison of anti-inflammatory dietary approaches on inflammation and muscle function in old adults N2 - Mit dem Alter kann eine Zunahme leichtgradiger Entzündungsprozesse beobachtet werden, von denen angenommen wird, dass sie den typischen, altersbedingten Verlust an Muskelmasse, -kraft und -funktion „befeuern“. Diese als Inflammaging bezeichneten Prozesse können auf ein komplexes Zusammenspiel aus einem dysfunktionalen (viszeralen) Fettgewebe, einer Dysbiose und damit einhergehender mikrobiellen Translokation und geringeren Abwehrfähigkeit sowie einer insgesamt zunehmenden Immunseneszenz zurückgeführt werden. In Summa begünstigt ein pro-inflammatorisches Milieu metabolische Störungen und chronische, altersassoziierte Erkrankungen, die das Entzündungsgeschehen aufrechterhalten oder vorantreiben. Neben einem essenziellen Bewegungsmangel trägt auch eine westlich geprägte, industrialisierte Ernährungsweise zum Entzündungsgeschehen und zur Entwicklung chronischer Erkrankungen bei. Daher liegt die Vermutung nahe, dem Entzündungsgeschehen mit ausreichend Bewegung und einer anti-inflammatorischen Ernährung entgegenzuwirken. In dieser Hinsicht werden insbesondere Omega-3-Fettsäuren (Omega-3) mit anti-inflammatorischen Eigenschaften verbunden. Obwohl ein Zusammenhang zwischen dem ernährungsbedingten Inflammationspotenzial bzw. der Zufuhr von Omega-3 und dem Inflammationsprofil bereits untersucht wurde, fehlen bislang Untersuchungen insbesondere bei älteren Erwachsenen, die den Link zwischen dem Inflammationspotenzial der Ernährung und Sarkopenie-relevanten Muskelparametern herstellen. Aufgrund des Proteinmehrbedarfs zum Erhalt der funktionellen Muskulatur im Alter wurde bereits eine Vielzahl an Sport- und Ernährungsinterventionen durchgeführt, die eine Verbesserung des Muskelstatus mit Hilfe von strukturiertem Krafttraining und einer proteinreichen Ernährung zeigen. Es gibt zudem Hinweise, dass Omega-3 auch die Proteinsynthese verstärken könnten. Unklar ist jedoch, inwiefern eine anti-inflammatorische Ernährung mit Fokus auf Omega-3 sowohl die Entzündungsprozesse als auch den Muskelproteinmetabolismus und die neuromuskuläre Funktionalität im Alter günstig unterstützen kann. Dies vor allem im Hinblick auf die Muskelleistung, die eng mit der Sturzneigung und der Autonomie im Alltag verknüpft ist, aber in Interventionsstudien mit älteren Erwachsenen bisher wenig Berücksichtigung erhielt. Darüber hinaus werden häufig progressive Trainingselemente genutzt, die nach Studienabschluss oftmals wenig Anschluss im Lebensalltag der Betroffenen finden und somit wenig nachhaltig sind. Ziel dieser Arbeit war demnach die Evaluierung einer proteinreichen und zusätzlich mit Omega-3 supplementierten Ernährung in Kombination mit einem wöchentlichen Vibrationstraining und altersgemäßen Bewegungsprogramm auf Inflammation und neuromuskuläre Funktion bei älteren, selbständig lebenden Erwachsenen. Hierzu wurden zunächst mögliche Zusammenhänge zwischen dem ernährungsbedingten Inflammationspotenzial, ermittelt anhand des Dietary Inflammatory Index, und dem Muskelstatus sowie dem Inflammationsprofil im Alter eruiert. Dazu dienten die Ausgangswerte von älteren, selbständig lebenden Erwachsenen einer postprandialen Interventionsstudie (POST-Studie), die im Querschnitt analysiert wurden. Die Ergebnisse bestätigten, dass eine pro-inflammatorische Ernährung sich einerseits in einem stärkeren Entzündungsgeschehen widerspiegelt und andererseits mit Sarkopenie-relevanten Parametern, wie einer geringeren Muskelmasse und Gehgeschwindigkeit, ungünstig assoziiert ist. Darüber hinaus zeigten sich diese Zusammenhänge auch in Bezug auf die Handgreifkraft bei den inaktiven, älteren Erwachsenen der Studie. Anschließend wurde in einer explorativ ausgerichteten Pilot-Interventionsstudie (AIDA-Studie) in einem dreiarmigen Design untersucht, inwieweit sich eine Supplementierung mit Omega-3 unter Voraussetzung einer optimierten Proteinzufuhr und altersgemäßen Sportintervention mit Vibrationstraining auf die neuromuskuläre Funktion und Inflammation bei selbständig lebenden, älteren Erwachsenen auswirkt. Nach acht Wochen Intervention zeigte sich, dass eine mit Omega-3 supplementierte, proteinreiche Ernährung die Muskelleistung insbesondere bei den älteren Männern steigerte. Während sich die Kontrollgruppe nach acht Wochen Sportintervention nicht verbesserte, bestätigte sich zusätzlich eine Verbesserung der Beinkraft und der Testzeit beim Stuhl-Aufsteh-Test der älteren Erwachsenen mit einer proteinreichen Ernährung in Kombination mit der Sportintervention. Darüber hinaus wurde deutlich, dass die zusätzliche Omega-3-Supplementierung insbesondere bei den Männern eine Reduktion der pro-inflammatorischen Zytokine im Serum zur Folge hatte. Allerdings spiegelten sich diese Beobachtungen nicht auf Genexpressionsebene in mononukleären Immunzellen oder in der LPS-induzierten Sekretion der Zytokine und Chemokine in Vollblutzellkulturen wider. Dies erfordert weitere Untersuchungen. N2 - With aging, a persistent low-grade inflammatory process can be observed, which is thought to "fuel" the typical age-related loss of muscle mass, strength and function. These processes, also known as inflammaging, can be attributed to a complex interplay of dysfunctional (visceral) adipose tissue, dysbiosis and associated microbial translocation, with a reduced immune defence and overall increasing immunosenescence. This pro-inflammatory milieu favours metabolic disorders and chronic, age-associated diseases, which in turn maintain or increase the inflammatory process. Additionally, inactivity and a westernized diet contribute to inflammation and the development of chronic diseases. Therefore, it is assumed that regular exercise and an anti-inflammatory diet can counteract inflammaging. In particular, omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3) are known for their anti-inflammatory properties. Although it has been shown that the dietary inflammatory load as well as the intake of omega-3 is associated with inflammation, studies that establish the link between the diet-related inflammatory load and sarcopenia-relevant muscle parameters are still lacking, especially in older adults. Due to the higher protein requirement to maintain muscle function in higher age, exercise and nutritional interventions have been extensively studied and consistently show improvements in muscle status with resistance exercise and high-protein diets. Experimental investigations indicate that omega-3 may also support protein synthesis. However, it is unclear to what extent an anti-inflammatory diet with focus on omega-3 can support the inflammatory processes as well as muscle protein metabolism and neuromuscular function in higher age. In particular muscle power, which is a key element of functionality and strongly related with fall risk, received little attention in interventional studies with older adults so far. In addition, exercise studies often use elements of progressive resistance training protocols, which, however, are seldom sustained by the participants in everyday life after intervention. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate a high-protein diet supplemented with omega-3 in combination with an age-appropriate, home-based resistance exercise program and weekly vibration training on inflammation and neuromuscular function in community-dwelling older adults. For this purpose, cross-sectional associations between the diet-related inflammatory load, as determined by the Dietary Inflammatory Index, and muscle status as well as inflammation were investigated by baseline values of community-dwelling older adults, who participated in a postprandial intervention study (POST study). This cross-sectional analysis confirmed that a pro-inflammatory diet was reflected in a higher systemic inflammation and at the same time was associated with unfavourable sarcopenia-relevant parameters such as lower muscle mass and slower gait speed. In addition, a higher dietary inflammatory load and higher inflammation were both found to be associated with lower hand grip strength in inactive, older adults. Subsequently, the effects of an omega-3 supplemented, high-protein diet in combination with age-appropriate resistance exercises and weekly vibration training on neuromuscular function and inflammation were examined in community-dwelling older adults. For this purpose, an 8-week exploratory pilot trial in a three-arm study design (AIDA study) was carried out. It was shown that a high-protein diet, additionally supplemented with omega-3 increased muscle power particularly in older men. While the control group did not improve after eight weeks of exercise intervention, there was an improvement in leg strength and chair rise time in older adults receiving a high-protein diet combined with the exercise intervention. Moreover, an additional omega-3 supplementation resulted in a reduction of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines in particular in older men. However, these observations in serum were not reflected on gene expression levels in mononuclear immune cells or in lipopolysaccharide-induced secretion of the cytokines and chemokines in whole blood cultures and requires further investigation. KW - Ernährung KW - nutrition KW - Gerontologie KW - gerontology KW - Sport KW - exercise KW - Muskelschwund KW - sarcopenia KW - Hoch-Protein Diät KW - high protein diet KW - Omega-3 Fettsäuren KW - omega-3 fatty acid Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-611976 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rösler, Antonia A1 - Scheffler, Christiane A1 - Hermanussen, Michael T1 - No evidence of growth impairment after forced migration in Polish school children after World War II JF - Human biology and public health N2 - Background: Migration is omnipresent. It can come hand in hand with emotional stress which is known to influence the growth of children. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse whether type of migration (forced or voluntary) and the geographic direction had influenced the growth of Polish children after World War II. Sample and Methods: A sub dataset of 2,208 individuals between the ages of 2-20, created from data of the 2nd Polish Anthropological Survey carried out in 1966–1969, including anthropometrical data and social and demographic information based on questionnaire, was used to analyse migration effects. Results: No association could be found between the direction of migration and the height of the children. The confidence intervals of the means of all classified migration categories overlap significantly and the effect size of the influence of migration category on height is ds=.140, which is too low to see any effects, even if there were one. Conclusion: Neither forced nor voluntary migration in Poland after World War II led to a change in height in children of migrating families. KW - nutrition KW - stunting KW - socioeconomy KW - education KW - secular changes KW - pubertal timing Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.52905/hbph2023.1.68 SN - 2748-9957 VL - 1 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reibis, Rona K. A1 - Völler, Heinz T1 - Non pharmacological secondary prevention and rehabilitation T1 - Nicht pharmakologische Sekundärprävention und Rehabilitation BT - current evidence BT - aktuelle Evidenz JF - Aktuelle Kardiologie N2 - Die Sekundärprävention der koronaren Herzkrankheit umfasst einerseits eine pharmakologische, andererseits eine lebensstilbasierte Säule, die idealerweise interagieren und sich potenzieren. Neben der medikamentösen Blutdruck- und Lipideinstellung auf leitlinienorientierte Zielwerte ermöglichen moderne Antidiabetika eine Optimierung des glukometabolischen Kontinuums und eine Prognosebesserung. Die Lebensstiloptimierung setzt sich aus koronarprotektiver Ernährung, einer individualisierten Trainingstherapie, einer konsequenten Nikotinkarenz und stressreduzierenden Maßnahmen zusammen. Die kardiologische Rehabilitation (Phase II) schließt sich idealerweise unmittelbar einem stationären Aufenthalt wegen eines akuten Koronarereignisses an, kann aber auch im Rahmen einer stabilen Koronarsituation im Rahmen eines allgemeinen Antragsverfahrens durchgeführt werden. Randomisierte und prospektiv angelegte Interventionsstudien belegen die prognostische Wertigkeit der kardiologischen Rehabilitation auch im Zeitalter akuter Revaskularisationstherapie mit 24-h-PCI und moderner Pharmakotherapie. N2 - Secondary prevention of coronary artery disease includes pharmacological and lifestyle-based therapy that ideally interact and potentiate. In addition to blood pressure and lipid adjustment to guideline-oriented target values, modern antidiabetic agents enable an optimization of the glucometabolic continuum and improve prognosis. Lifestyle optimization consists of coronary protective nutrition, individualized training therapy, consistent nicotine withdrawal and stress-reducing measures. Cardiological rehabilitation (phase II) ideally immediately follows an inpatient stay due to an acute coronary event, but can also be carried out in the context of a stable coronary situation. Randomized and prospective intervention studies prove the prognostic value of cardiological rehabilitation even in the age of acute revascularization therapy with 24-hour PCI and modern pharmacotherapy. KW - cardiac rehabilitation KW - physical activity KW - nutrition KW - professional KW - reintegration KW - secondary prevention KW - Sekundärprävention KW - kardiologische Rehabilitation KW - Trainingstherapie KW - Ernährung KW - berufliche Wiedereingliederung Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1185-8460 SN - 2193-5203 SN - 2193-5211 VL - 9 IS - 03 SP - 297 EP - 302 PB - Thieme CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kawasaki, Yui A1 - Akamatsu, Rie A1 - Omori, Mika A1 - Sugawara, Masumi A1 - Yamazaki, Yoko A1 - Matsumoto, Satoko A1 - Fujiwara, Yoko A1 - Iwakabe, Shigeru A1 - Kobayashi, Tetsuyuki T1 - Development and validation of the Expanded Mindful Eating Scale JF - International journal of health care quality assurance N2 - Purpose To develop and validate the Expanded Mindful Eating Scale (EMES), an expanded mindful eating model created for the promotion of health and sustainability. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaire surveys on Ochanomizu Health Study (OHS) was conducted. The survey was provided to 1,388 female university students in Tokyo, Japan. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and a partial correlation analysis were used to confirm construct and criterion validity. Internal consistency of the EMES was confirmed to calculate Cronbach's alpha. Findings The response rate was 38.7 % (n = 537). Mean BMI was 20.21 +/- 2.12, and 18.8% of them were classified as "lean" (BMI < 18.5). The authors listed 25 items and obtained a final factor structure of five factors and 20 items, as a result of EFA. Through CFA, the authors obtained the following fit indices for a final model: GFI = 0.914, AGFI = 0.890, CFI = 0.870 and RMSEA = 0.061. The total EMES score was significantly correlated with BMI, mindfulness, body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness and life satisfaction (r = -0.138, -0.315, -0.339, -0.281 and 0.149,p < 0.01, respectively). Cronbach's alpha for all items in this scale was 0.687. Practical implications The authors suggest the possibility that practitioners and researchers of mindful eating that includes this new concept can use authors' novel scale as an effective measurement tool. Originality/value The EMES, which can multidimensionally measure the concept of the expanded model of mindful eating was first developed in this study. KW - sustainability KW - scale development KW - university students KW - nutrition KW - education KW - health of the planet KW - mindful eating Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHCQA-01-2020-0009 SN - 0952-6862 SN - 1758-6542 VL - 33 IS - 4-5 SP - 309 EP - 321 PB - Emerald Group Publishing Limited CY - Bingley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hermanussen, Michael A1 - Groth, Detlef A1 - Scheffler, Christiane T1 - Statistical approaches to developmental and growth data of children and adolescents BT - an editorial to student research conducted during the 3rd international student summer school, July 2019, Potsdam and Gülpe, Germany JF - Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft für Anthropologie KW - human growth KW - bone accumulation KW - environmental effects KW - migration KW - socioeconomic status KW - parental education KW - nutrition KW - statistical tools Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2020/1302 SN - 0003-5548 SN - 2363-7099 VL - 77 IS - 5 SP - 355 EP - 357 PB - Schweizerbart CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheffler, Christiane A1 - Kruetzfeldt, Louisa-Marie A1 - Dasgupta, Parasmani A1 - Hermanussen, Michael T1 - No association between fat tissue and height in 5019 children and adolescents, measured between 1982 and 2011 in Kolkata/India JF - Journal of biological and clinical anthropology JF - Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft für Anthropologie N2 - Body height has traditionally been looked upon as a mirror of the condition of society, short height being an indicator of poor nutritional status, poor education, and low social status and income. This view has recently been questioned. We aimed to quantify the effects of nutrition, education, sibship size, and household income, factors that are conventionally considered to be related to child growth, on body height of children and adolescents raised under urban Indian conditions. Sample and methods: We re-analyzed several anthropometric measurements and questionnaires with questions on sibship size, fathers’ and mother’s education, and monthly family expenditure, from two cross-sectional growth studies performed in Kolkata, India. The first Kolkata Growth Study (KG1) took place in 1982-1983, with data on 825 Bengali boys aged 7 to 16 years; and the second Kolkata Growth Study (KG2) between 1999 and 2011 with data of 1999 boys aged 7 to 21 years from Bengali Hindu families, and data of 2195 girls obtained between 2005 and 2011. Results: Indian children showed positive insignificant secular trends in height and a significant secular trend in weight and BMI between between 1982 and 2011. Yet, multiple regression analysis failed to detect an association between nutritional status (expressed in terms of skinfold thickness), monthly family expenditure and sibship size with body height of these children. The analysis only revealed an influence of parental education on female, but not on male height. Conclusion: We failed to detect influences of nutrition, sibship size, and monthly family expenditure on body height in a large sample of children and adolescents raised in Kolkata, India, between 1982 and 2011. We found a mild positive association between parental education and girls’ height. The data question current concepts regarding the impact of nutrition, and household and economic factors on growth, but instead underscore the effect of parental education. KW - body height KW - nutrition KW - social growth adjustment Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2018/0827 SN - 0003-5548 VL - 74 IS - 5 SP - 403 EP - 411 PB - Schweizerbart CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hermanussen, Michael A1 - Scheffler, Christiane A1 - Martin, Lidia A1 - Groth, Detlef A1 - Waxmonsky, James G. A1 - Swanson, James A1 - Nowak-Szczepanska, Natalia A1 - Gomula, Aleksandra A1 - Apanasewicz, Anna A1 - Konarski, Jan M. A1 - Malina, Robert M. A1 - Bartkowiak, Sylwia A1 - Lebedeva, Lidia A1 - Suchomlinov, Andrej A1 - Konstantinov, Vsevolod A1 - Blum, Werner A1 - Limony, Yehuda A1 - Chakraborty, Raja A1 - Kirchengast, Sylvia A1 - Tutkuviene, Janina A1 - Jakimaviciene, Egle Marija A1 - Cepuliene, Ramune A1 - Franken, Daniel A1 - Navazo, Bárbara A1 - Moelyo, Annang G. A1 - Satake, Takashi A1 - Koziel, Slawomir ED - Scheffler, Christiane ED - Koziel, Slawomir ED - Hermanussen, Michael ED - Bogin, Barry T1 - Growth, Nutrition and Economy BT - Proceedings of the 27th Aschauer Soiree, held at Krobielowice, Poland, November 16th 2019 T2 - Human Biology and Public Health N2 - Twenty-three scientists met at Krobielowice, Poland to discuss the role of growth, nutrition and economy on body size. Contrasting prevailing concepts, re-analyses of studies in Indonesian and Guatemalan school children with high prevalence of stunting failed to provide evidence for an association between nutritional status and body height. Direct effects of parental education on growth that were not transmitted via nutrition were shown in Indian datasets using network analysis and novel statistical methods (St. Nicolas House Analysis) that translate correlation matrices into network graphs. Data on Polish children suggest significant impact of socioeconomic sensitivity on child growth, with no effect of maternal money satisfaction. Height and maturation tempo affect the position of a child among its peers. Correlations also exist between mood disorders and height. Secular changes in height and weight varied across decades independent of population size. Historic and recent Russian data showed that height of persons whose fathers performed manual work were on average four cm shorter than persons whose fathers were high-degree specialists. Body height, menarcheal age, and body proportions are sensitive to socioeconomic variables. Additional topics included delayed motherhood and its associations with newborn size; geographic and socioeconomic indicators related to low birth weight, prematurity and stillbirth rate; data on anthropometric history of Brazil, 1850-1950; the impact of central nervous system stimulants on the growth of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; and pituitary development and growth hormone secretion. Final discussions debated on reverse causality interfering between social position, and adolescent growth and developmental tempo. KW - nutrition KW - stunting KW - socioeconomy KW - education KW - secular changes KW - pubertal timing Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.52905/hbph.v1.1 SN - 2748-9957 VL - 2021 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mumm, Rebekka A1 - Scheffler, Christiane T1 - Lack of evidence of nutritional influence on height in four low and middle-income countries JF - Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft für Anthropologie N2 - ‘Nutrition influences height’ has been a common concept for the last decades. Recently, contradictory results occurred when studying the effectiveness of nutritional interventions, questioning the interaction of nutrition and height. Therefore, we hypothesize that, independently of population/country, nutrition does not affect height in children and adolescents. We analyzed data from the study “Young Lives” which was performed in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam to describe the health situation of children. We used linear mixed effect models to analyze the influence of nutrition on height. Furthermore, we used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test if the commonly assumed hypothetical interaction of height and nutrition can be supported by data from low and middle-income countries. Estimates for nutrition on height of linear mixed effect models were about zero and randomly significant or non-significant in all analyzed countries. Furthermore, SEM led to the rejection of the ‘nutrition influences height’-hypothesis, as data did not support the models based on this hypothesis. We do not find evidence for a nutritional influence on height in children and adolescents from low and middle-income countries. The widespread assumption that inadequate diet is reflected in short stature, which all modern nutritional interventions are based on, needs to be critically reviewed. KW - nutrition KW - height KW - children KW - low and middle-income Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2019/0988 SN - 0003-5548 VL - 76 IS - 5 SP - 421 EP - 432 PB - Schweizerbart CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friebel, Francis A1 - Hermanussen, Michael A1 - Scheffler, Christiane T1 - Popular ideas and convictions about factors influencing the growth as well as the adult height of children BT - a German-French comparison JF - Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft für Anthropologie N2 - Common knowledge suggests that growth in height is influenced by nutrition, genetics, health, and environmental and general living conditions. In addition, modern studies showed that also social mobility and dominance within the social group, may significantly affect adolescent growth and final height. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of popular ideas and beliefs about factors influencing the growth on the biology of child and adolescent growth. We hypothesized that these beliefs are culture-specific and age-dependent. We investigated 307 French and 315 German participants of all age-groups. We collected polarising statements by questionnaire that the participants had to agree or disagree on. French participants see a connection between nutrition and the body height of children. This is different in Germany and may be due to the fact that French food culture is more traditional. Genetic factors were generally overestimated and considered as the most important determinants of longitudinal-growth. The participants denied an influence of disease and social status. Participants over 35 years of age considered adult height to be independent of environmental factors. In conclusion, popular beliefs partly depend on culture and appear to change with age as a result of growing experience. KW - nutrition KW - genetics KW - health KW - environmental and general living conditions KW - child growth KW - adolescent growth KW - final height Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2019/0972 SN - 0003-5548 VL - 76 IS - 5 SP - 365 EP - 370 PB - Schweizerbart CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hermanussen, Michael A1 - Scheffler, Christiane A1 - Groth, Detlef A1 - Bogin, Barry T1 - Student work on trends in infant and child growth BT - an editorial T2 - Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger : Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft für Anthropologie KW - nutrition KW - impact on growth KW - geographic neighborhood KW - mortality bias KW - limb disproportions KW - physical activity KW - socioeconomic status KW - parental age KW - statistical tools Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2019/1052 SN - 0003-5548 VL - 76 IS - 5 SP - 363 EP - 364 PB - Schweizerbart CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - GEN A1 - Weiskirchen, Sabine A1 - Weiper, Katharina A1 - Tolba, René H. A1 - Weiskirchen, Ralf T1 - All you can feed BT - some comments on production of mouse diets used in biomedical research with special emphasis on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease research T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The laboratory mouse is the most common used mammalian research model in biomedical research. Usually these animals are maintained in germ-free, gnotobiotic, or specific-pathogen-free facilities. In these facilities, skilled staff takes care of the animals and scientists usually don’t pay much attention about the formulation and quality of diets the animals receive during normal breeding and keeping. However, mice have specific nutritional requirements that must be met to guarantee their potential to grow, reproduce and to respond to pathogens or diverse environmental stress situations evoked by handling and experimental interventions. Nowadays, mouse diets for research purposes are commercially manufactured in an industrial process, in which the safety of food products is addressed through the analysis and control of all biological and chemical materials used for the different diet formulations. Similar to human food, mouse diets must be prepared under good sanitary conditions and truthfully labeled to provide information of all ingredients. This is mandatory to guarantee reproducibility of animal studies. In this review, we summarize some information on mice research diets and general aspects of mouse nutrition including nutrient requirements of mice, leading manufacturers of diets, origin of nutrient compounds, and processing of feedstuffs for mice including dietary coloring, autoclaving and irradiation. Furthermore, we provide some critical views on the potential pitfalls that might result from faulty comparisons of grain-based diets with purified diets in the research data production resulting from confounding nutritional factors. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1066 KW - animal experimentation KW - diet KW - nutrition KW - ingredients KW - lard KW - fibers KW - fructose KW - diet coloring KW - autoclaving KW - irradiation Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-472460 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1066 ER - TY - THES A1 - Wittenbecher, Clemens T1 - Linking whole-grain bread, coffee, and red meat to the risk of type 2 diabetes T1 - Der Einfluss von Vollkornbrot, Kaffee, und rotem Fleisch auf das Typ 2 Diabetesrisiko BT - using metabolomics networks to infer potential biological mechanisms BT - Verwendung von Metabolomics-Netzwerken, um auf biologische Mechanismen zu schließen N2 - Background: Consumption of whole-grain, coffee, and red meat were consistently related to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in prospective cohort studies, but potentially underlying biological mechanisms are not well understood. Metabolomics profiles were shown to be sensitive to these dietary exposures, and at the same time to be informative with respect to the risk of type 2 diabetes. Moreover, graphical network-models were demonstrated to reflect the biological processes underlying high-dimensional metabolomics profiles. Aim: The aim of this study was to infer hypotheses on the biological mechanisms that link consumption of whole-grain bread, coffee, and red meat, respectively, to the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. More specifically, it was aimed to consider network models of amino acid and lipid profiles as potential mediators of these risk-relations. Study population: Analyses were conducted in the prospective EPIC-Potsdam cohort (n = 27,548), applying a nested case-cohort design (n = 2731, including 692 incident diabetes cases). Habitual diet was assessed with validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaires. Concentrations of 126 metabolites (acylcarnitines, phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, amino acids) were determined in baseline-serum samples. Incident type 2 diabetes cases were assed and validated in an active follow-up procedure. The median follow-up time was 6.6 years. Analytical design: The methodological approach was conceptually based on counterfactual causal inference theory. Observations on the network-encoded conditional independence structure restricted the space of possible causal explanations of observed metabolomics-data patterns. Given basic directionality assumptions (diet affects metabolism; metabolism affects future diabetes incidence), adjustment for a subset of direct neighbours was sufficient to consistently estimate network-independent direct effects. Further model-specification, however, was limited due to missing directionality information on the links between metabolites. Therefore, a multi-model approach was applied to infer the bounds of possible direct effects. All metabolite-exposure links and metabolite-outcome links, respectively, were classified into one of three categories: direct effect, ambiguous (some models indicated an effect others not), and no-effect. Cross-sectional and longitudinal relations were evaluated in multivariable-adjusted linear regression and Cox proportional hazard regression models, respectively. Models were comprehensively adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, prevalence of hypertension, dietary and lifestyle factors, and medication. Results: Consumption of whole-grain bread was related to lower levels of several lipid metabolites with saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. Coffee was related to lower aromatic and branched-chain amino acids, and had potential effects on the fatty acid profile within lipid classes. Red meat was linked to lower glycine levels and was related to higher circulating concentrations of branched-chain amino acids. In addition, potential marked effects of red meat consumption on the fatty acid composition within the investigated lipid classes were identified. Moreover, potential beneficial and adverse direct effects of metabolites on type 2 diabetes risk were detected. Aromatic amino acids and lipid metabolites with even-chain saturated (C14-C18) and with specific polyunsaturated fatty acids had adverse effects on type 2 diabetes risk. Glycine, glutamine, and lipid metabolites with monounsaturated fatty acids and with other species of polyunsaturated fatty acids were classified as having direct beneficial effects on type 2 diabetes risk. Potential mediators of the diet-diabetes links were identified by graphically overlaying this information in network models. Mediation analyses revealed that effects on lipid metabolites could potentially explain about one fourth of the whole-grain bread effect on type 2 diabetes risk; and that effects of coffee and red meat consumption on amino acid and lipid profiles could potentially explain about two thirds of the altered type 2 diabetes risk linked to these dietary exposures. Conclusion: An algorithm was developed that is capable to integrate single external variables (continuous exposures, survival time) and high-dimensional metabolomics-data in a joint graphical model. Application to the EPIC-Potsdam cohort study revealed that the observed conditional independence patterns were consistent with the a priori mediation hypothesis: Early effects on lipid and amino acid metabolism had the potential to explain large parts of the link between three of the most widely discussed diabetes-related dietary exposures and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. N2 - Hintergrund: Evidenz aus prospektiven Kohortenstudien belegt, dass der gewohnheitsmäßige Verzehr von Vollkorn, Kaffee und rotem Fleisch mit dem Risiko an Typ 2 Diabetes zu erkranken assoziiert ist. Dieser Risikobeziehung eventuell zugrunde liegende Mechanismen sind allerdings noch weitgehend unklar. Des Weiteren wurde gezeigt, dass Metabolitenprofile im Blut durch die oben genannten Ernährungs-expositionen beeinflusst werden und außerdem in Zusammenhang mit dem Typ 2 Diabetesrisiko stehen. Zusätzlich wurde beschrieben, dass grafische Netzwerkmodelle von Metabolitenprofilen die zugrunde liegenden Stoffwechselprozesse gut abbilden. Zielstellung: Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, Hypothesen bezüglich biologischer Mechanismen zu generieren, die die Assoziationen des Vollkornverzehrs, des Kaffeekonsums und des Fleischverzehrs mit dem Typ 2 Diabetesrisiko erklären könnten. Im speziellen sollten Aminosäure- und Lipidprofile als mögliche Mediatoren des Risikozusammenhangs untersucht werden. Studienpopulation: Analysen wurden auf Grundlage von Daten aus der prospektiven EPIC-Potsdam Kohortenstudie (n=27,548) durchgeführt, wobei ein Fall-Kohorten-Design verwendet wurde (n=2317, darunter 692 inzidente Typ 2 Diabetesfälle). Ernährungsgewohnheiten wurden mit einem validierten, semiquantitativen Verzehrshäufigkeitsfragebogen erfasst. Die Konzentrationen von 126 Metaboliten (Aminosäuren, Acylcarnitine, Sphingomyeline und Phosphatidylcholine) wurden zur Basiserhebung genommen Blutproben gemessen. Inzidente Typ 2 Diabetesfälle wurden im Rahmen einer aktiven Folgeerhebung detektiert und verifiziert. Die mediane Dauer des berücksichtigten prospektiven Erhebungszeitraums lag für diese Studie bei 6,6 Jahren. Aufbau der Analysen: Die theoretische Grundlage für den methodischen Ansatz dieser Arbeit bildete die kontrafaktische Theorie der Kausalinferenz. Die in Netzwerken kodierte konditionale Unabhängigkeitsstruktur wurde genutzt, um den Raum möglicher Modelle zu begrenzen, die die beobachteten Zusammenhänge zwischen den Metaboliten erklären könnten. Unter Annahme weniger grundlegender Effektrichtungen (von der Ernährung auf die Netzwerke gerichtete Effekte; von den Netzwerken auf das Diabetesrisiko gerichtete Effekte) genügt die Adjustierung für eine Teilmenge der direkten Nachbarn im Netzwerk, um netzwerkunabhängige direkte Effekte konsistent zu schätzen. Eine weitere Spezifizierung der Modelle war allerdings aufgrund fehlender Richtungsinformationen zu den Metaboliten-abhängigkeiten nicht möglich. Deshalb wurde ein Multi-Modellierungsansatz gewählt, um die Grenzen möglicher Effekte zu schlussfolgern. Alle möglichen Ernährungs-Metaboliten-Beziehungen und Metaboliten-Typ 2 Diabetesrisiko-Beziehungen wurden dadurch in eine der folgenden drei Kategorien klassifiziert: Direkter Effekt, Unklar, Kein Effekt. Querschnittsbeziehungen wurden in multivariabel adjustierten linearen Regressionsmodellen untersucht. Longitudinale Zusammenhänge wurden mit Cox-Regressionsmodellen geschätzt. Alle Modelle wurden für Alter, Geschlecht, Body-Mass-Index, prävalente Hypertonie, Ernährungs- und Lebensstilfaktoren und die Einnahme von Medikamenten adjustiert. Ergebnisse: Der Verzehr von Vollkornbrot stand im Zusammenhang mit niedrigeren Konzentrationen gesättigter und einfach ungesättigter Fettsäuren. Kaffee stand in Beziehung zu niedrigeren Konzentrationen verzweigtkettiger und aromatischer Aminosäuren und hatte potentielle Effekte auf das Fettsäureprofil in den Lipidmetaboliten. Rotes Fleisch zeigte einen Zusammenhang mit niedrigeren Glyzinspiegeln und mit höheren Konzentrationen verzweigtkettiger Aminosäuren. Außerdem stand das Fettsäureprofil in den verschieden Gruppen von Lipidmetaboliten in Zusammenhang mit dem Fleischverzehr. Des Weiteren wurden potentielle Effekte der Metabolite auf das Typ 2 Diabetesrisiko gefunden. Aromatische Aminosäuren und Lipidmetabolite mit geradzahligen, gesättigten (C14-C16) und mit spezifischen mehrfach ungesättigten Fettsäureseitenketten standen mit einem erhöhten Typ 2 Diabetesrisiko in Beziehung. Glyzin, Glutamin und Lipidmetabolite mit einfach ungesättigten und anderen mehrfach ungesättigten Fettsäureseitenketten zeigten einen günstigen Zusammenhang mit dem Diabetesrisiko. Mögliche Mediatoren der Beziehung der Ernährungsexpositionen wurden identifiziert, indem diese Informationen in gemeinsamen grafischen Modellen integriert wurden. Mediationsanalysen zeigten, dass die möglichen Effekte von Vollkornverzehr auf die Lipidmetabolite ungefähr ein Viertel des günstigen Einflusses von Vollkornverzehr auf das Diabetesrisikos erklären könnten. Die möglichen Effekte von Kaffeekonsum und von Fleischverzehr auf Aminosäuren und Lipidmetabolite könnten jeweils ungefähr zwei Drittel der Zusammenhänge mit dem Diabetesrisiko erklären. Schlussfolgerung: Grundlage für die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit war die Entwicklung eines Algorithmus, der externe Faktoren (kontinuierlich Expositionsvariablen, Ereigniszeit-Daten) und hochdimensionale Metabolitenprofile in einem gemeinsamen grafischen Modell integriert. Die Anwendung dieses Algorithmus auf Daten aus der EPIC-Potsdam Kohortenstudie hat gezeigt, dass die beobachteten konditionalen Unabhängigkeitsstrukturen mit der a priori Mediationshypothese konsistent waren. Der frühe Einfluss auf den Aminosäure- und Lipidstoffwechsel könnte die beobachteten Zusammenhänge zwischen drei wichtigen Ernährungsfaktoren und dem Risiko an Typ 2 Diabetes zu erkranken zu großen Teilen erklären. KW - type 2 diabetes KW - nutrition KW - lipid metabolism KW - metabolomics KW - epidemiology KW - networks KW - graphical models KW - mediation analysis KW - red meat KW - whole-grain KW - Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 KW - Ernährung KW - Fettstoffwechsel KW - Metabolomics KW - Epidemiologie KW - Netzwerke KW - grafische Modelle KW - Mediationsanalyse KW - rotes Fleisch KW - Vollkorn KW - Kaffee KW - coffee Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404592 ER - TY - THES A1 - Markova, Mariya T1 - Metabolic and molecular effects of two different isocaloric high protein diets in subjects with type 2 diabetes T1 - Metabolische und molekulare Effekte zweier isokalorischer Hochproteindiäten unterschiedlicher Herkunft bei Probanden mit Typ-2-Diabetes N2 - Ernährung stellt ein wichtiger Faktor in der Prävention und Therapie von Typ-2-Diabetes dar. Frühere Studien haben gezeigt, dass Hochproteindiäten sowohl positive als auch negative Effekte auf den Metabolismus hervorrufen. Jedoch ist unklar, ob die Herkunft des Proteins dabei eine Rolle spielt. In der LeguAN-Studie wurden die Effekte von zwei unterschiedlichen Hochproteindiäten, entweder tierischer oder pflanzlicher Herkunft, bei Typ-2-Diabetes Patienten untersucht. Beide Diäten enthielten 30 EN% Proteine, 40 EN% Kohlenhydrate und 30 EN% Fette. Der Anteil an Ballaststoffen, der glykämischer Index und die Fettkomposition waren in beiden Diäten ähnlich. Die Proteinaufnahme war höher, während die Fettaufnahme niedriger im Vergleich zu den früheren Ernährungsgewohnheiten der Probanden war. Insgesamt führten beide Diätinterventionen zu einer Verbesserung der glykämischen Kontrolle, der Insulinsensitivität, des Leberfettgehalts und kardiovaskulärer Risikomarkern ohne wesentliche Unterschiede zwischen den Proteintypen. In beiden Interventionsgruppen wurden die nüchternen Glukosewerte zusammen mit Indizes von Insulinresistenz in einem unterschiedlichen Ausmaß, jedoch ohne signifikante Unterschiede zwischen beiden Diäten verbessert. Die Reduktion von HbA1c war ausgeprägter in der pflanzlichen Gruppe, während sich die Insulinsensitivität mehr in der tierischen Gruppe erhöhte. Die Hochproteindiäten hatten nur einen geringfügigen Einfluss auf den postprandialen Metabolismus. Dies zeigte sich durch eine leichte Verbesserung der Indizes für Insulinsekretion, -sensitivität und –degradation sowie der Werte der freien Fettsäuren. Mit Ausnahme des Einflusses auf die GIP-Sekretion riefen die tierische und die pflanzliche Testmahlzeit ähnliche metabolische und hormonelle Antworten, trotz unterschiedlicher Aminosäurenzusammensetzung. Die tierische Hochproteindiät führte zu einer selektiven Zunahme der fettfreien Masse und Abnahme der Fettmasse, was nicht signifikant unterschiedlich von der pflanzlichen Gruppe war. Darüber hinaus reduzierten die Hochproteindiäten den Leberfettgehalt um durchschnittlich 42%. Die Reduktion des Leberfettgehaltes ging mit einer Verminderung der Lipogenese, der Lipolyse und des freien Fettsäure Flux einher. Beide Interventionen induzierten einen moderaten Abfall von Leberenzymen im Blut. Die Reduktion des Leberfetts war mit einer verbesserten Glukosehomöostase und Insulinsensitivität assoziiert. Blutlipide sanken in allen Probanden, was eventuell auf die niedrigere Fettaufnahme zurückzuführen war. Weiterhin waren die Spiegel an Harnsäure und Inflammationsmarkern erniedrigt unabhängig von der Proteinquelle. Die Werte des systolischen und diastolischen Blutdrucks sanken nur in der pflanzlichen Gruppe, was auf eine potentielle Rolle von Arginin hinweist. Es wurden keine Hinweise auf eine beeinträchtigte Nierenfunktion durch die 6-wöchige Hochproteindiäten beobachtet unabhängig von der Herkunft der Proteine. Serumkreatinin war nur in der pflanzlichen Gruppe signifikant reduziert, was eventuell an dem geringen Kreatingehalt der pflanzlichen Nahrungsmittel liegen könnte. Jedoch sind längere Studien nötig, um die Sicherheit von Hochproteindiäten vollkommen aufklären zu können. Des Weiteren verursachte keine der Diäten eine Induktion des mTOR Signalwegs weder im Fettgewebe noch in Blutzellen. Die Verbesserung der Ganzkörper-Insulinsensitivität deutete auch auf keine Aktivierung von mTOR und keine Verschlechterung der Insulinsensitivität im Skeletmuskel hin. Ein nennenswerter Befund war die erhebliche Reduktion von FGF21, einem wichtigen Regulator metabolischer Prozesse, um ungefähr 50% bei beiden Proteinarten. Ob hepatischer ER-Stress, Ammoniumniveau oder die Makronährstoffpräferenz hinter dem paradoxen Ergebnis stehen, sollte weiter im Detail untersucht werden. Entgegen der anfänglichen Erwartung und der bisherigen Studienlage zeigte die pflanzlich-betonte Hochproteindiät keine klaren Vorteile gegenüber der tierischen Diät. Der ausgeprägte günstige Effekt des tierischen Proteins auf Insulinhomöostase trotz des hohen BCAA-Gehaltes war sicherlich unerwartet und deutet darauf hin, dass bei dem längeren Verzehr andere komplexe metabolische Adaptationen stattfinden. Einen weiteren Aspekt stellt der niedrigere Fettverzehr dar, der eventuell auch zu den Verbesserungen in beiden Gruppen beigetragen hat. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass eine 6-wöchige Diät mit 30 EN% Proteinen (entweder pflanzlich oder tierisch), 40 EN% Kohlenhydraten und 30 EN% Fetten mit weniger gesättigten Fetten zu metabolischen Verbesserungen bei Typ-2-Diabetes Patienten unabhängig von Proteinherkunft führt. N2 - Dietary approaches contribute to the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. High protein diets were shown to exert beneficial as well as adverse effects on metabolism. However, it is unclear whether the protein origin plays a role in these effects. The LeguAN study investigated in detail the effects of two high protein diets, either from plant or animal origin, in type 2 diabetic patients. Both diets contained 30 EN% protein, 40 EN% carbohydrates, and 30 EN% fat. Fiber content, glycemic index, and composition of dietary fats were similar in both diets. In comparison to previous dietary habits, the fat content was exchanged for protein, while the carbohydrate intake was not modified. Overall, both high protein diets led to improvements of glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, liver fat, and cardiovascular risk markers without remarkable differences between the protein types. Fasting glucose together with indices of insulin resistance were ameliorated by both interventions to varying extents but without significant differences between protein types. The decline of HbA1c was more pronounced in the plant protein group, whereby the improvement of insulin sensitivity in the animal protein group. The high protein intake had only slight influence on postprandial metabolism seen for free fatty acids and indices of insulin secretion, sensitivity and degradation. Except for GIP release, ingestion of animal and plant meals did not provoke differential metabolic and hormonal responses despite diverse circulating amino acid levels. The animal protein diets led to a selective increase of fat-free mass and decrease of total fat mass, which was not significantly different from the plant protein diet. Moreover, the high protein diets potently decreased liver fat content by 42% on average which was linked to significantly diminished lipogenesis, free fatty acids flux and lipolysis in adipose tissue. Moderate decline of circulating liver enzymes was induced by both interventions. The liver fat reduction was associated with improved glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity which underlines the protective effect of the diets. Blood lipid profile improved in all subjects and was probably related to the lower fat intake. Reductions in uric acid and markers of inflammation further argued for metabolic benefits of both high protein diets. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure declined only in the PP group pointing a possible role of arginine. Kidney function was not altered by high protein consumption over 6 weeks. The rapid decrease of serum creatinine in the PP group was noteworthy and should be further investigated. Protein type did not seem to play a role but long-term studies are warranted to fully elucidate safety of high protein regimen. Varying the source of dietary proteins did not affect the mTOR pathway in adipose tissue and blood cells under neither acute nor chronic settings. Enhancement of whole-body insulin sensitivity suggested also no alteration of mTOR and no impairment of insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. A remarkable outcome was the extensive reduction of FGF21, critical regulator of metabolic processes, by approximately 50% independently of protein type. Whether hepatic ER-stress, ammonia flux or rather macronutrient preferences is behind this paradoxical finding remains to be investigated in detail. Unlike initial expectations and previous reports plant protein based diet had no clear advantage over animal proteins. The pronounced beneficial effect of animal protein on insulin homeostasis despite high BCAA and methionine intake was certainly unexpected assuming more complex metabolic adaptations occurring upon prolonged consumption. In addition, the reduced fat intake may have also contributed to the overall improvements in both groups. Taking into account the above observed study results, a short-term diet containing 30 EN% protein (either from plant or animal origin), 40 EN% carbohydrates, and 30 EN% fat with lower SFA amount leads to metabolic improvements in diabetic patients, regardless of protein source. KW - type 2 diabetes KW - nutrition KW - protein KW - Typ-2-Diabetes KW - Ernährung KW - high protein diet Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-394310 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wacker, Alexander A1 - Martin-Creuzburg, Dominik T1 - Biochemical nutrient requirements of the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus co-limitation by sterols and amino acids JF - Functional ecology : an official journal of the British Ecological Society N2 - It has been proposed that growth and reproduction of animals is frequently limited by multiple nutrients simultaneously. To improve our understanding of the consequences of multiple nutrient limitations (i.e. co-limitation) for the performance of animals, we conducted standardized population growth experiments using an important aquatic consumer, the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus. We compared nutrient profiles (sterols, fatty acids and amino acids) of rotifers and their diets to reveal consumerdiet imbalances and thus potentially limiting nutrients. In concomitant growth experiments, we directly supplemented potentially limiting substances (sterols, fatty acids, amino acids) to a nutrient-deficient diet, the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus, and recorded population growth rates. The results from the supplementation experiments corroborated the nutrient limitations predicted by assessing consumerdiet imbalances, but provided more detailed information on co-limiting nutrients. While the fatty acid deficiency of the cyanobacterium appeared to be of minor importance, the addition of both cholesterol and certain amino acids (leucine and isoleucine) improved population growth rates of rotifers, indicating a simultaneous limitation by sterols and amino acids. Our results add to growing evidence that consumers frequently face multiple nutrient limitations and suggest that the concept of co-limitation has to be considered in studies assessing nutrient-limited growth responses of consumers. KW - consumer KW - consumer-diet imbalance KW - dietary mismatch KW - fatty acid KW - global change KW - lipid KW - nutrition KW - phytoplankton KW - tetrahymanol KW - zooplankton Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.02047.x SN - 0269-8463 VL - 26 IS - 5 SP - 1135 EP - 1143 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wagner, Nicole D. A1 - Hillebrand, Helmut A1 - Wacker, Alexander A1 - Frost, Paul C. T1 - Nutritional indicators and their uses in ecology JF - Ecology letters N2 - The nutrition of animal consumers is an important regulator of ecological processes due to its effects on their physiology, life-history and behaviour. Understanding the ecological effects of poor nutrition depends on correctly diagnosing the nature and strength of nutritional limitation. Despite the need to assess nutritional limitation, current approaches to delineating nutritional constraints can be non-specific and imprecise. Here, we consider the need and potential to develop new complementary approaches to the study of nutritional constraints on animal consumers by studying and using a suite of established and emerging biochemical and molecular responses. These nutritional indicators include gene expression, transcript regulators, protein profiling and activity, and gross biochemical and elemental composition. The potential applications of nutritional indicators to ecological studies are highlighted to demonstrate the value that this approach would have to future studies in community and ecosystem ecology. KW - Ecological stoichiometry KW - lipid profiling KW - metabolism KW - nutrient-stress KW - nutrition KW - proteomics KW - transcriptomics Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12067 SN - 1461-023X VL - 16 IS - 4 SP - 535 EP - 544 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER -