TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pingel, P.
A1  - Neher, Dieter
T1  - Comprehensive picture of p-type doping of P3HT with the molecular acceptor F(4)TCNQ
JF  - Physical review : B, Condensed matter and materials physics
N2  - By means of optical spectroscopy, Kelvin probe, and conductivity measurements, we study the p-type doping of the donor polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene), P3HT, with the molecular acceptor tetrafluorotetracyanoquin-odimethane, F(4)TCNQ, covering a broad range of molar doping ratios from the ppm to the percent regime. Thorough quantitative analysis of the specific near-infrared absorption bands of ionized F(4)TCNQ reveals that almost every F(4)TCNQ dopant undergoes integer charge transfer with a P3HT site. However, only about 5% of these charge carrier pairs are found to dissociate and contribute a free hole for electrical conduction. The nonlinear behavior of the conductivity on doping ratio is rationalized by a numerical mobility model that accounts for the broadening of the energetic distribution of transport sites by the Coulomb potentials of ionized F(4)TCNQ dopants. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.115209
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.87.115209
SN  - 1098-0121
VL  - 87
IS  - 11
PB  - American Physical Society
CY  - College Park
ER  -