TY - JOUR A1 - Parkinson, Jim A1 - Springer, Anne A1 - Prinz, Wolfgang T1 - Before, during and after you disappear: aspects of timing and dynamic updating of the real-time action simulation of human motions JF - Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action N2 - The detailed dynamics of action simulation was investigated using the occluder paradigm: a point light actor (PLA) was shown, then briefly occluded from view, during which period action simulation was generated. Following occlusion, the PLA reappeared, either a progression of the motion as it should be post-occlusion or temporally shifted earlier/later. Participants made judgements on whether the reappearing PLA was too early or too late to be a correct continuation (Experiments 1 and 3) or whether it was a veridical continuation or not (Experiment 2). Over three experiments we asked how action simulation is affected by motion information before, during and after occlusion. Reducing motion presented before occlusion retained the accuracy of action simulation judgements. Presenting 4 frames (67 ms) of PLA motion during the occluder duration dynamically updates or altogether regenerates the action simulation. Reducing the duration of the test motion after the occluder decreases judgement precision, which we interpret as a limitation in the process of postdictive motion judgments. Overall, this is further evidence that the action simulation process is remarkably adapted to making human motion predictions. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-012-0422-3 SN - 0340-0727 VL - 76 IS - 4 SP - 421 EP - 433 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Springer, Anne A1 - Brandstädter, Simone A1 - Prinz, Wolfgang T1 - Dynamic Simulation and Static Matching for Action Prediction : evidence from Body Part Priming JF - Cognitive science : a multidisciplinary journal of anthropology, artificial intelligence, education, linguistics, neuroscience, philosophy, psychology ; journal of the Cognitive Science Society N2 - Accurately predicting other people's actions may involve two processes: internal real-time simulation (dynamic updating) and matching recently perceived action images (static matching). Using a priming of body parts, this study aimed to differentiate the two processes. Specifically, participants played a motion-controlled video game with either their arms or legs. They then observed arm movements of a point-light actor, which were briefly occluded from view, followed by a static test pose. Participants judged whether this test pose depicted a coherent continuation of the previously seen action (i.e., action prediction task). Evidence of dynamic updating was obtained after compatible effector priming (i.e., arms), whereas incompatible effector priming (i.e., legs) indicated static matching. Together, the results support action prediction as engaging two distinct processes, dynamic simulation and static matching, and indicate that their relative contributions depend on contextual factors like compatibility of body parts involved in performed and observed action. KW - Action prediction KW - Internal simulation KW - Body part priming KW - Point-light action Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12044 SN - 0364-0213 VL - 37 IS - 5 SP - 936 EP - 952 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Springer, Anne A1 - Huttenlocher, Agnes A1 - Prinz, Wolfgang T1 - Language-induced modulation during the prediction of others' actions JF - Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action N2 - Processing of action words has been shown to influence the perception of the actions the words refer to. Specifically, the accuracy with which people predict the future course of actions observed in another individual seems to be affected by verbal primes. Two processes may be involved in action prediction; dynamic simulation (updating) and static matching. The present study examined this issue by testing the impact of action verb processing on action prediction performance using a masked priming paradigm. Evidence of dynamic updating was revealed after prime verbs expressing dynamic actions (e.g., 'to catch') but not those expressing static actions (e.g., 'to lean'). In contrast to previous work, the primes were masked and did not require any response at all. Hence, our results indicate that implicit action-related linguistic processing may trigger action simulation that in turn might affect action prediction (see also Liepelt, Dolk, & Prinz, Psychological Research, 2012, in this issue). Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-012-0411-6 SN - 0340-0727 VL - 76 IS - 4 SP - 456 EP - 466 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sparenberg, Peggy A1 - Topolinski, Sascha A1 - Springer, Anne A1 - Prinz, Wolfgang T1 - Minimal mimicry: Mere effector matching induces preference JF - Brain and cognition : a journal of experimental and clinical research N2 - Both mimicking and being mimicked induces preference for a target. The present experiments investigate the minimal sufficient conditions for this mimicry-preference link to occur. We argue that mere effector matching between one's own and the other person's movement is sufficient to induce preference, independent of which movement is actually performed. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants moved either their arms or legs, and watched avatars that moved either their arms or legs, respectively, without any instructions to mimic. The executed movements themselves and their pace were completely different between participants (fast circular movements) and targets (slow linear movements). Participants preferred avatars that moved the same body part as they did over avatars that moved a different body part. In Experiment 3, using human targets and differently paced movements, movement similarity was manipulated in addition to effector overlap (moving forward-backward or sideways with arms or legs, respectively). Only effector matching, but not movement matching, influenced preference ratings. These findings suggest that mere effector overlap is sufficient to trigger preference by mimicry. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. KW - Mimicry KW - Preference KW - Action-perception link KW - Common coding Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2012.08.004 SN - 0278-2626 VL - 80 IS - 3 SP - 291 EP - 300 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stadler, Waltraud A1 - Springer, Anne A1 - Parkinson, Jim A1 - Prinz, Wolfgang T1 - Movement kinematics affect action prediction comparing human to non-human point-light actions JF - Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action N2 - The influence of movement kinematics on the accuracy of predicting the time course of another individual's actions was studied. A human point-light shape was animated with human movement (natural condition) and with artificial movement that was more uniform regarding velocity profiles and trajectories (artificial condition). During brief occlusions, the participants predicted the actions in order to judge after occlusion whether the actions were continued coherently in time or shifted to an earlier or later frame. Error rates and reaction times were increased in the artificial compared to the natural condition. The findings suggest a perceptual advantage for movement with a human velocity profile, corresponding to the notion of a close interaction between observed and executed movement. The results are discussed in the framework of the simulation account and alternative interpretations are provided on the basis of correlations between the velocity profiles of natural and artificial movements with prediction performance. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-012-0431-2 SN - 0340-0727 VL - 76 IS - 4 SP - 395 EP - 406 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Springer, Anne A1 - Beyer, Juliane A1 - Derrfuss, Jan A1 - Volz, Kirsten G. A1 - Hannover, Bettina T1 - SEEING YOU OR THE SCENE? SELF-CONSTRUALS MODULATE INHIBITORY MECHANISMS OF ATTENTION JF - Social cognition : the journal of the International Social Cognition Network N2 - It has often been shown that independent self-construals (emphasizing personal uniqueness) coincide with an analytic, context-independent style of information processing whereas interdependent self-construals (emphasizing relatedness with others) promote holistic, context-dependent processing. The present study suggests that these cognitive variations between different self-construals can be accounted for by higher order cognitive functions for the control of ongoing mental operations (i.e., executive functions). Using an experimental paradigm, we showed naturalistic pictures displaying a face and a place superimposed on each other. On each trial, one of these dimensions served as a target (depicted in magenta), while the other served as a distractor (depicted in gray). The results showed that independency primed participants were less affected by distractors appearing in the presence of a target (i.e., smaller interference effect) than interdependency primed participants. Importantly, the independency primed participants revealed evidence of mental inhibition of distractors, showing longer reaction times when previously ignored distractors subsequently became targets (i.e., a negatively signed priming effect). Thus, our study is the first to suggest that differences in fundamental processes of cognitive control, namely, the inhibition of automatically triggered (but inappropriate) response tendencies, are the driving force behind the many previously reported differences between individuals primed for independency versus interdependency. Y1 - 2012 SN - 0278-016X VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 133 EP - 152 PB - Guilford Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Springer, Anne T1 - Selbst, Kultur und soziale Kognition JF - Das Bild zwischen Kognition und Kreativität Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-3-8376-1365-0 SP - 171 EP - 195 PB - Transcript CY - Bielefeld ER -