TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zhou, Wei
A1  - Wang, Aiping
A1  - Shu, Hua
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Yan, Ming
T1  - Word segmentation by alternating colors facilitates eye guidance in Chinese reading
JF  - Memory & cognition
N2  - During sentence reading, low spatial frequency information afforded by spaces between words is the primary factor for eye guidance in spaced writing systems, whereas saccade generation for unspaced writing systems is less clear and under debate. In the present study, we investigated whether word-boundary information, provided by alternating colors (consistent or inconsistent with word-boundary information) influences saccade-target selection in Chinese. In Experiment 1, as compared to a baseline (i.e., uniform color) condition, word segmentation with alternating color shifted fixation location towards the center of words. In contrast, incorrect word segmentation shifted fixation location towards the beginning of words. In Experiment 2, we used a gaze-contingent paradigm to restrict the color manipulation only to the upcoming parafoveal words and replicated the results, including fixation location effects, as observed in Experiment 1. These results indicate that Chinese readers are capable of making use of parafoveal word-boundary knowledge for saccade generation, even if such information is unfamiliar to them. The present study provides novel support for the hypothesis that word segmentation is involved in the decision about where to fixate next during Chinese reading.
KW  - Chinese
KW  - Word segmentation
KW  - Fixation location
KW  - Parafoveal
KW  - Color
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-018-0797-5
SN  - 0090-502X
SN  - 1532-5946
VL  - 46
IS  - 5
SP  - 729
EP  - 740
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zhou, Wei
A1  - Shu, Hua
A1  - Miller, Kevin
A1  - Yan, Ming
T1  - Reliance on orthography and phonology in reading of Chinese
BT  - a developmental study
JF  - Journal of research in reading : a journal of the United Kingdom Reading Association
N2  - BackgroundDisruptions of reading processes due to text substitutions can measure how readers use lexical information. MethodsWith eye-movement recording, children and adults viewed sentences with either identical, orthographically similar, homophonic or unrelated substitutions of the first characters in target words. To the extent that readers rely on orthographic or phonological cues, substitutions that contain such cues should cause less disruption reading than do unrelated substitutions. ResultsOn pretarget words, there was a reliable reduction in gaze duration due to homophonic substitution only for children. On target words, we observed reliable recovery effects due to orthographic similarity for adults. On post-target words, adults had better orthographic-based and phonological-based recovery abilities than children. ConclusionsThe combination of eye movement recording and the error detection paradigm offers a novel implicit paradigm for studying reading development: during sentence reading, beginning readers of Chinese may rely on phonological mediation, while skilled readers have more direct access to semantics from orthography.
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9817.12111
SN  - 0141-0423
SN  - 1467-9817
VL  - 41
IS  - 2
SP  - 370
EP  - 391
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zhou, Wei
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Yan, Ming
T1  - A validation of parafoveal semantic information extraction in reading Chinese
JF  - Journal of research in reading : a journal of the United Kingdom Reading Association
N2  - Parafoveal semantic processing has recently been well documented in reading Chinese sentences, presumably because of language-specific features. However, because of a large variation of fixation landing positions on pretarget words, some preview words actually were located in foveal vision when readers' eyes landed close to the end of the pretarget words. None of the previous studies has completely ruled out a possibility that the semantic preview effects might mainly arise from these foveally processed preview words. This case, whether previously observed positive evidence for parafoveal semantic processing can still hold, has been called into question. Using linear mixed models, we demonstrate in this study that semantic preview benefit from word N+1 decreased if fixation on pretarget word N was close to the preview. We argue that parafoveal semantic processing is not a consequence of foveally processed preview words.
KW  - semantic
KW  - preview benefit
KW  - reading
KW  - Chinese
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9817.2013.01556.x
SN  - 0141-0423
VL  - 36
IS  - 2
SP  - S51
EP  - S63
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yang, Jiongjiong
A1  - Wang, Aobing
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - Zhu, Zijian
A1  - Chen, Cheng
A1  - Wang, Yizhou
T1  - Distinct processing for pictures of animals and objects Evidence from eye movements
JF  - Emotion : a new journal from the American Psychological Association
N2  - Many studies have suggested that emotional stimuli orient and engage attention. There is also evidence that animate stimuli, such as those from humans and animals, cause attentional bias. However, categorical and emotional factors are usually mixed, and it is unclear to what extent human context influences attentional allocation. To address this issue, we tracked participants' eye movements while they viewed pictures with animals and inanimate images (i.e., category) as focal objects. These pictures had either negative or neutral emotional valence, and either human body parts or nonhuman parts were near the focal objects (i.e., context). The picture's valence, arousal, position, size, and most of the low-level visual features were matched across categories. The results showed that nonhuman animals were more likely to be attended to and to be attended to for longer times than inanimate objects. The same pattern held for the human contexts (vs. nonhuman contexts). The effects of emotional valence, category, and context interacted. Specifically, in images with a negative valence, focal animals and objects with human context had comparable numbers of gaze fixations and gaze duration. These results highlighted the attentional bias to animate parts of a picture and clarified that the effects of category, valence, and picture context interacted to influence attentional allocation.
KW  - emotion
KW  - category
KW  - attention
KW  - eye-tracking
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026848
SN  - 1528-3542
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
SP  - 540
EP  - 551
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - Zhou, Wei
A1  - Shu, Hua
A1  - Yusupu, Rizwangul
A1  - Miao, Dongxia
A1  - Kruegel, Andre
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Eye movements guided by morphological structure: Evidence from the Uighur language
JF  - Cognition : international journal of cognitive science
N2  - It is generally accepted that low-level features (e.g., inter-word spaces) are responsible for saccade-target selection in eye-movement control during reading. In two experiments using Uighur script known for its rich suffixes, we demonstrate that, in addition to word length and launch site, the number of suffixes influences initial landing positions. We also demonstrate an influence of word frequency. These results are difficult to explain purely by low-level guidance of eye movements and indicate that due to properties specific to Uighur script low-level visual information and high-level information such as morphological structure of parafoveal words jointly influence saccade programming. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KW  - Eye movements
KW  - Morphological structure
KW  - Landing position
KW  - Uighur
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2014.03.008
SN  - 0010-0277
SN  - 1873-7838
VL  - 132
IS  - 2
SP  - 181
EP  - 215
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - Zhou, Wei
A1  - Shu, Hua
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Lexical and sublexical semantic preview benefits in chinese reading
JF  - Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition
N2  - Semantic processing from parafoveal words is an elusive phenomenon in alphabetic languages, but it has been demonstrated only for a restricted set of noncompound Chinese characters. Using the gaze-contingent boundary paradigm, this experiment examined whether parafoveal lexical and sublexical semantic information was extracted from compound preview characters. Results generalized parafoveal semantic processing to this representative set of Chinese characters and extended the parafoveal processing to radical (sublexical) level semantic information extraction. Implications for notions of parafoveal information extraction during Chinese reading are discussed.
KW  - semantic
KW  - preview benefit
KW  - reading
KW  - Chinese
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026935
SN  - 0278-7393
VL  - 38
IS  - 4
SP  - 1069
EP  - 1075
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - Zhou, Wei
A1  - Shu, Hua
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Perceptual span depends on font size during the reading of chinese sentences
JF  - Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition
N2  - The present study explored the perceptual span (i.e., the physical extent of an area from which useful visual information is extracted during a single fixation) during the reading of Chinese sentences in 2 experiments. In Experiment 1, we tested whether the rightward span can go beyond 3 characters when visually similar masks were used. Results showed that Chinese readers needed at least 4 characters to the right of fixation to maintain a normal reading behavior when visually similar masks were used and when characters were displayed in small fonts, indicating that the span is dynamically influenced by masking materials. In Experiments 2 and 3, we asked whether the perceptual span varies as a function of font size in spaced (German) and unspaced (Chinese) scripts. Results clearly suggest perceptual span depends on font size in Chinese, but we failed to find such evidence for German. We propose that the perceptual span in Chinese is flexible; it is strongly constrained by its language-specific properties such as high information density and lack of word spacing. Implications for saccade-target selection during the reading of Chinese sentences are discussed.
KW  - eye movements
KW  - parafoveal processing
KW  - perceptual span
KW  - Chinese reading
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038097
SN  - 0278-7393
SN  - 1939-1285
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
SP  - 209
EP  - 219
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - Wang, Aiping
A1  - Song, Hosu
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Parafoveal processing of phonology and semantics during the reading of Korean sentences
JF  - Cognition : international journal of cognitive science
N2  - The present study sets out to address two fundamental questions in the reading of continuous texts: Whether semantic and phonological information from upcoming words can be accessed during natural reading. In the present study we investigated parafoveal processing during the reading of Korean sentences, manipulating semantic and phonological information from parafoveal preview words. In addition to the first evidence for a semantic preview effect in Korean, we found that Korean readers have stronger and more long-lasting phonological than semantic activation from parafoveal words in second-pass reading. The present study provides an example that human mind can flexibly adjust processing priority to different types of information based on the linguistic environment.
KW  - Semantic
KW  - Phonological
KW  - Preview benefit
KW  - Korean
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2019.104009
SN  - 0010-0277
SN  - 1873-7838
VL  - 193
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - Sommer, Werner
T1  - Parafoveal-on-Foveal Effects of Emotional Word Semantics in Reading Chinese Sentences: Evidence From Eye Movements
JF  - Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition
N2  - Despite the well-known influence of emotional meaning on cognition, relatively less is known about its effects on reading behavior. We investigated whether fixation behavior during the reading of Chinese sentences is influenced by emotional word meaning in the parafovea. Two-character target words embedded into the same sentence frames provided emotionally positive, negative, or neutral contents. Fixation durations on neutral pretarget words were prolonged for positive parafoveal words and for highly frequent negative parafoveal words. In addition, fixation durations on foveal emotional words were shorter than those on neutral words. We also found that the role of emotional words varied as a function of their valence during foveal and parafoveal processing. These findings suggest a processing advantage for emotional words relative to emotionally neutral stimuli in foveal and parafoveal vision. We discuss implications for the notion of attention attraction due to emotional content.
KW  - parafoveal vision
KW  - emotion
KW  - reading
KW  - Chinese
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000095
SN  - 0278-7393
SN  - 1939-1285
VL  - 41
IS  - 4
SP  - 1237
EP  - 1243
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - Risse, Sarah
A1  - Zhou, Xiaolin
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Preview fixation duration modulates identical and semantic preview benefit in Chinese reading
JF  - Reading and writing : an interdisciplinary journal
N2  - Semantic preview benefit from parafoveal words is critical for proposals of distributed lexical processing during reading. Semantic preview benefit has been demonstrated for Chinese reading with the boundary paradigm in which unrelated or semantically related previews of a target word N + 1 are replaced by the target word once the eyes cross an invisible boundary located after word N (Yan et al., 2009); for the target word in position N + 2, only identical compared to unrelated-word preview led to shorter fixation times on the target word (Yan et al., in press). A reanalysis of these data reveals that identical and semantic preview benefits depend on preview duration (i.e., the fixation duration on the preboundary word). Identical preview benefit from word N + 1 increased with preview duration. The identical preview benefit was also significant for N + 2, but did not significantly interact with preview duration. The previously reported semantic preview benefit from word N + 1 was mainly due to single- or first-fixation durations following short previews. We discuss implications for notions of serial attention shifts and parallel distributed processing of words during reading.
KW  - Eye movement
KW  - Parafoveal processing
KW  - Semantic
KW  - Chinese
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-010-9274-7
SN  - 0922-4777
SN  - 1573-0905
VL  - 25
IS  - 5
SP  - 1093
EP  - 1111
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - Richter, Eike M.
A1  - Shu, Hua
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Readers of Chinese extract semantic information from parafoveal words
N2  - Evidence for semantic preview benefit (PB) from parafoveal words has been elusive for reading alphabetic scripts such as English. Here we report semantic PB for noncompound characters in Chinese reading with the boundary paradigm. In addition, PBs for orthographic relatedness and, as a numeric trend, for phonological relatedness were obtained. Results are in agreement with other research suggesting that the Chinese writing system is based on a closer association between graphic form and meaning than is alphabetic script. We discuss implications for notions of serial attention shifts and parallel distributed processing of words during reading.
Y1  - 2009
UR  - http://pbr.psychonomic-journals.org/content/by/year
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3758/Pbr.16.3.561
SN  - 1069-9384
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - Pan, Jinger
A1  - Laubrock, Jochen
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Shu, Hua
T1  - Parafoveal processing efficiency in rapid automatized naming a comparison between Chinese normal and dyslexic children
JF  - Journal of experimental child psychology
N2  - Dyslexic children are known to be slower than normal readers in rapid automatized naming (RAN). This suggests that dyslexics encounter local processing difficulties, which presumably induce a narrower perceptual span. Consequently, dyslexics should suffer less than normal readers from removing parafoveal preview. Here we used a gaze-contingent moving window paradigm in a RAN task to experimentally test this prediction. Results indicate that dyslexics extract less parafoveal information than control children. We propose that more attentional resources are recruited to the foveal processing because of dyslexics' less automatized translation of visual symbols into phonological output, thereby causing a reduction of the perceptual span. This in turn leads to less efficient preactivation of parafoveal information and, hence, more difficulty in processing the next foveal item.
KW  - Dyslexia
KW  - Eye movement
KW  - Perceptual span
KW  - Rapid automatized naming
KW  - Parafoveal processing
KW  - Linear mixed model
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2013.01.007
SN  - 0022-0965
VL  - 115
IS  - 3
SP  - 579
EP  - 589
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - Pan, Jinger
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Eye Movement Control in Chinese Reading: A Cross-Sectional Study
JF  - Developmental psychology
N2  - The present study explored the age-related changes of eye movement control in reading-that is, where to send the eyes and when to move them. Different orthographies present readers with somewhat different problems to solve, and this might, in turn, be reflected in different patterns of development of reading skill. Participants of different developmental levels (Grade 3, N = 30; Grade 5, N = 27 and adults, N = 27) were instructed to read sentences for comprehension while their eye movements were recorded. Contrary to previous findings that have been well documented indicating early maturation of saccade generation in English, current results showed that saccade generation among Chinese readers was still under development at Grade 5, although immediate lexical processing was relatively well-established. The distinct age-related changes in eye movements are attributable to certain linguistic properties of Chinese including the lack of interword spaces and word boundary uncertainty. The present study offers an example of how human eye movement adapts to the orthographic environment.
KW  - Chinese
KW  - eye movement
KW  - reading
KW  - development
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000819
SN  - 0012-1649
SN  - 1939-0599
VL  - 55
IS  - 11
SP  - 2275
EP  - 2285
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - Pan, Jinger
A1  - Chang, Wenshuo
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Read sideways or not: vertical saccade advantage in sentence reading
JF  - Reading and writing : an interdisciplinary journal
N2  - During the reading of alphabetic scripts and scene perception, eye movements are programmed more efficiently in horizontal direction than in vertical direction. We propose that such a directional advantage may be due the overwhelming reading experience in the horizontal direction. Writing orientation is highly flexible for Traditional Chinese sentences. We compare horizontal and vertical eye movements during reading of such sentences and provide first evidence of a text-orientation effect on eye-movement control during reading. In addition to equivalent reading speed in both directions, more fine-grained analyses demonstrate a tradeoff between longer fixation durations and better fixation locations in vertical than in horizontal reading. Our results suggest that with extensive reading experience, Traditional Chinese readers can generate saccades more efficiently in vertical than in horizontal direction.
KW  - Chinese
KW  - Eye movement
KW  - Reading
KW  - Text orientation
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-018-9930-x
SN  - 0922-4777
SN  - 1573-0905
VL  - 32
IS  - 8
SP  - 1911
EP  - 1926
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - Pan, Jinger
A1  - Belanger, Nathalie N.
A1  - Shu, Hua
T1  - Chinese deaf readers have early access to parafoveal semantics
JF  - Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition
N2  - In the present study, we manipulated different types of information available in the parafovea during the reading of Chinese sentences and examined how deaf readers make use of the parafoveal information. Results clearly indicate that although the reading-level matched hearing readers make greater use of orthographic information in the parafovea, parafoveal semantic information is obtained earlier among the deaf readers. In addition, a phonological preview benefit effect was found for the better deaf readers (relative to less-skilled deaf readers), although we also provide an alternative explanation for this effect. Providing evidence that Chinese deaf readers have higher efficiency when processing parafoveal semantics, the study indicates flexibility across individuals in the mechanisms underlying word recognition adapting to the inputs available in the linguistic environment.
KW  - parafoveal
KW  - sentence reading
KW  - Chinese
KW  - deaf readers
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000035
SN  - 0278-7393
SN  - 1939-1285
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
SP  - 254
EP  - 261
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - Luo, Yingyi
A1  - Inhoff, Albrecht W.
T1  - Syllable articulation influences foveal and parafoveal processing of words during the silent reading of Chinese sentences
JF  - Journal of memory and language
N2  - The current study examined effects of syllable articulation on eye movements during the silent reading of Chinese sentences, which contained two types of two-character target words whose second characters were subject to dialect-specific variation. In one condition the second syllable was articulated with a neutral tone for northern-dialect Chinese speakers and with a full tone for southern-dialect Chinese speakers (neutral-tone target words) and in the other condition the second syllable was articulated with a full tone irrespective of readers' dialect type (full-tone target words). Native speakers of northern and southern Chinese dialects were recruited in Experiment 1 to examine the effect of dialect-specific articulation on silent reading. Recordings of their eye movements revealed shorter viewing durations for neutral- than for full-tone target words only for speakers of northern but not for southern dialects, indicating that dialect-specific articulation of syllabic tone influenced visual word recognition. Experiment 2 replicated the syllabic tone effect for speakers of northern dialects, and the use of gaze-contingent display changes further revealed that these readers processed an upcoming parafoveal word less effectively when a neutral- than when a full-tone target was fixated. Shorter viewing duration for neutral-tone words thus cannot be attributed to their easier lexical processing; instead, tonal effects appear to reflect Chinese readers' simulated articulation of to-be-recognized words during silent reading. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
KW  - Articulation duration
KW  - Neutral tone
KW  - Syllabic tone
KW  - Sentence reading
KW  - Chinese
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2014.05.007
SN  - 0749-596X
SN  - 1096-0821
VL  - 75
SP  - 93
EP  - 103
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Shu, Hua
A1  - Pan, Jinger
A1  - Zhou, Xiaolin
T1  - Parafoveal load of word N+1 modulates preprocessing effectiveness of word N+2 in chinese reading
Y1  - 2010
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019329
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Richter, Eike M.
A1  - Nuthmann, Antje
A1  - Shu, Hua
T1  - Flexible saccade-target selection in Chinese reading
N2  - As Chinese is written without orthographical word boundaries (i.e., spaces), it is unclear whether saccade targets are selected on the basis of characters or words and whether saccades are aimed at the beginning or the centre of words. Here, we report an experiment where 30 Chinese readers read 150 sentences while their eye movements were monitored. They exhibited a strong tendency to fixate at the word centre in single-fixation cases and at the word beginning in multiple-fixation cases. Different from spaced alphabetic script, initial fixations falling at the end of words were no more likely to be followed by a refixation than initial fixations at word centre. Further, single fixations were shorter than first fixations in two-fixation cases, which is opposite to what is found in Roman script. We propose that Chinese readers dynamically select the beginning or centre of words as saccade targets depending on failure or success with segmentation of parafoveal word boundaries.
Y1  - 2010
UR  - http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t716100704~db=all
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/17470210903114858
SN  - 1747-0218
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - CarPrice versus CarpRice: Word Boundary Ambiguity Influences Saccade Target Selection During the Reading of Chinese Sentences
JF  - Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition
N2  - As a contribution to a theoretical debate about the degree of high-level influences on saccade targeting during sentence reading, we investigated eye movements during the reading of structurally ambiguous Chinese character strings and examined whether parafoveal word segmentation could influence saccade-target selection. As expected, ambiguous strings took longer to process. More critically there were theoretically relevant interactions between ambiguity and launch site when first-fixation location and saccade amplitude served as dependent variables: Ambiguous strings in the parafovea triggered longer saccades and more rightward fixations for close launch sites than unambiguous ones; the reverse result was obtained for far launch sites. These crossover interactions indicate that parafoveal word segmentation influences saccade generation in Chinese and provide support of the hypothesis that high-level information can be involved in the decision about where to fixate next.
KW  - Chinese
KW  - ambiguity
KW  - fixation location
KW  - parafoveal
KW  - word segmentation
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000276
SN  - 0278-7393
SN  - 1939-1285
VL  - 42
SP  - 1832
EP  - 1838
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yan, Ming
T1  - Visually complex foveal words increase the amount of parafoveal information acquired
JF  - Vision research : an international journal for functional aspects of vision.
N2  - This study investigates the effect of foveal load (i.e., processing difficulty of currently fixated words) on parafoveal information processing. Contrary to the commonly accepted view that high foveal load leads to reduced parafoveal processing efficiency, results of the present study showed that increasing foveal visual (but not linguistic) processing load actually increased the amount of parafoveal information acquired, presumably due to the fact that longer fixation duration on the pretarget word provided more time for parafoveal processing of the target word. It is therefore proposed in the present study that foveal linguistic processing load is not the only factor that determines parafoveal processing; preview time (afforded by foveal word visual processing load) may jointly influence parafoveal processing. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - Reading
KW  - Eye movements
KW  - Parafoveal processing
KW  - Chinese
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2015.03.025
SN  - 0042-6989
SN  - 1878-5646
VL  - 111
SP  - 91
EP  - 96
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  -