TY - JOUR A1 - Zykov, Vladimir A1 - Bordyugov, Grigory A1 - Lentz, Hartmut A1 - Engel, Harald T1 - Hysteresis phenomenon in the dynamics of spiral waves rotating around a hole N2 - Hysteresis in the pinning-depinning transitions of spiral waves rotating around a hole in a circular shaped two- dimensional excitable medium is studied both by use of the continuation software AUTO and by direct numerical integration of the reaction-diffusion equations for the FitzHugh-Nagumo model. In order to clarify the role of different factors in this phenomenon, a kinematical description is applied. It is found that the hysteresis phenomenon computed for the reaction-diffusion model can be reproduced qualitatively only when a nonlinear eikonal equation (i.e. velocity- curvature relationship) is assumed. However, to obtain quantitative agreement, the dispersion relation has to be taken into account. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01672789 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physd.2009.07.018 SN - 0167-2789 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zunkovic, Bojan A1 - Prosen, Tomaz T1 - Explicit solution of the Lindblad equation for nearly isotropic boundary driven XY spin 1/2 chain N2 - Explicit solution for the two-point correlation function in a non-equilibrium steady state of a nearly isotropic boundary driven open XY spin 1/2 chain in the Lindblad formulation is provided. A non-equilibrium quantum phase transition from exponentially decaying correlations to long range order is discussed analytically. In the regime of long range order a new phenomenon of correlation resonances is reported, where the correlation response of the system is unusually high for certain discrete values of the external bulk parameter, e.g. the magnetic field. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://iopscience.iop.org/1742-5468/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/2010/08/P08016 SN - 1742-5468 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhu, Jian A1 - Stoyanov, Hristiyan A1 - Kofod, Guggi A1 - Suo, Zhigang T1 - Large deformation and electromechanical instability of a dielectric elastomer tube actuator N2 - This paper theoretically analyzes a dielectric elastomer tube actuator (DETA). Subject to a voltage difference between the inner and outer surfaces, the actuator reduces in thickness and expands in length, so that the same voltage will induce an even higher electric field. This positive feedback may cause the actuator to thin down drastically, resulting in electrical breakdown. We obtain an analytical solution of the actuator undergoing finite deformation when the elastomer obeys the neo-Hookean model. The critical strain of actuation is calculated in terms of various parameters of design. We also discuss the effect of the strain-stiffening on electromechanical behavior of DETAs by using the model of freely joined links. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3490186] Y1 - 2010 UR - http://jap.aip.org/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3490186 SN - 0021-8979 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zakharova, Anna A1 - Vadivasova, Tatjana A1 - Anishchenko, Vadim S. A1 - Koseska, Aneta A1 - Kurths, Jürgen T1 - Stochastic bifurcations and coherencelike resonance in a self-sustained bistable noisy oscillator N2 - We investigate the influence of additive Gaussian white noise on two different bistable self-sustained oscillators: Duffing-Van der Pol oscillator with hard excitation and a model of a synthetic genetic oscillator. In the deterministic case, both oscillators are characterized with a coexistence of a stable limit cycle and a stable equilibrium state. We find that under the influence of noise, their dynamics can be well characterized through the concept of stochastic bifurcation, consisting in a qualitative change of the stationary amplitude distribution. For the Duffing-Van der Pol oscillator analytical results, obtained for a quasiharmonic approach, are compared with the result of direct computer simulations. In particular, we show that the dynamics is different for isochronous and anisochronous systems. Moreover, we find that the increase of noise intensity in the isochronous regime leads to a narrowing of the spectral line. This effect is similar to coherence resonance. However, in the case of anisochronous systems, this effect breaks down and a new phenomenon, anisochronous-based stochastic bifurcation occurs. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://pre.aps.org/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/Physreve.81.011106 SN - 1539-3755 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wu, Ye A1 - Zhou, Changsong A1 - Chen, Maoyin A1 - Xiao, Jinghua A1 - Kurths, Jürgen T1 - Human comment dynamics in on-line social systems N2 - Human comment is studied using data from 'tianya' which is one of the most popular on-line social systems in China. We found that the time interval between two consecutive comments on the same topic, called inter-event time, follows a power-law distribution. This result shows that there is no characteristic decay time on a topic. It allows for very long periods without comments that separate bursts of intensive comments. Furthermore, the frequency of a different ID commenting on a topic also follows a power-law distribution. It indicates that there are some "hubs" in the topic who lead the direction of the public opinion. Based on the personal comments habit, a model is introduced to explain these phenomena. The numerical simulations of the model fit well with the empirical results. Our findings are helpful for discovering regular patterns of human behavior in on-line society and the evolution of the public opinion on the virtual as well as real society. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03784371 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2010.08.049 SN - 0378-4371 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wu, Ye Wu A1 - Zhou, Changsong A1 - Xiao, Jinghua A1 - Kurths, Jürgen A1 - Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim T1 - Evidence for a bimodal distribution in human communication N2 - Interacting human activities underlie the patterns of many social, technological, and economic phenomena. Here we present clear empirical evidence from Short Message correspondence that observed human actions are the result of the interplay of three basic ingredients: Poisson initiation of tasks and decision making for task execution in individual humans as well as interaction among individuals. This interplay leads to new types of interevent time distribution, neither completely Poisson nor power-law, but a bimodal combination of them. We show that the events can be separated into independent bursts which are generated by frequent mutual interactions in short times following random initiations of communications in longer times by the individuals. We introduce a minimal model of two interacting priority queues incorporating the three basic ingredients which fits well the distributions using the parameters extracted from the empirical data. The model can also embrace a range of realistic social interacting systems such as e-mail and letter communications when taking the time scale of processing into account. Our findings provide insight into various human activities both at the individual and network level. Our analysis and modeling of bimodal activity in human communication from the viewpoint of the interplay between processes of different time scales is likely to shed light on bimodal phenomena in other complex systems, such as interevent times in earthquakes, rainfall, forest fire, and economic systems, etc. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03784371 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1013140107 SN - 0027-8424 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Winter, Silvia Maria Giuliatti A1 - Winter, Othon Cabo A1 - Fernandes Guimarães, Ana Helena A1 - Silva, Maria Rita T1 - Exploring S-type orbits in the Pluto-Charon binary system N2 - This work generates, through a sample of numerical simulations of the restricted three-body problem, diagrams of semimajor axis and eccentricity which defines stable and unstable zones for particles in S-type orbits around Pluto and Charon. Since we consider initial conditions with 0 <= e <= 0.99, we found several new stable regions. We also identified the nature of each one of these newly found stable regions. They are all associated to families of periodic orbits derived from the planar circular restricted three-body problem. We have shown that a possible eccentricity of the Pluto-Charon system slightly reduces, but does not destroy, any of the stable regions. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/issn?DESCRIPTOR=PRINTISSN&VALUE=0035-8711 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16302.x SN - 0035-8711 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Feipeng A1 - Frübing, Peter A1 - Wirges, Werner A1 - Gerhard, Reimund A1 - Wegener, Michael T1 - Enhanced Polarization in Melt-quenched and Stretched Poly(vinylidene Fluoride-Hexafluoropropylene) Films N2 - beta-phase poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-HFP)) copolymer films were prepared by uniaxially stretching solution-cast or melt-quenched samples. Different preparation routes lead to different amounts of the crystalline alpha and beta phases in the films, as detected by means of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry. The beta phase is significantly enhanced in melt-quenched and stretched films in comparison to solution-cast and stretched films. This is particularly true for copolymer samples with higher HFP content. The beta- phase enhancement is also observed in ferroelectric-hysteresis experiments where a rather high polarization of 58 mC/ m(2) was found on melt-quenched and stretched samples after poling at electric fields of 140 MV/m. After poling at 160 MV/m, one of these samples exhibited a piezoelectric d(33) coefficient as high as 21 pC/N. An electric-field-induced partial transition from the alpha to the beta phase was also observed on the melt-quenched and stretched samples. This effect leads to a further increase in the applications-relevant dipole polarization. Uniaxially stretched ferroelectric- polymer films are highly anisotropic. Dielectric resonance spectroscopy reveals a strong increase of the transverse piezoelectric d(32) coefficient and a strong decrease of the transverse elastic modulus c(32) upon heating from 20 to 50 degrees C. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/servlet/opac?punumber=94 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2010.5539679 SN - 1070-9878 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Votruba, Viktor A1 - Feldmeier, Achim A1 - Krticka, Jiri A1 - Kubát, Jiří T1 - Multicomponent stellar wind from hot subdwarfs stars N2 - Stellar wind from hot subdwarf stars is mainly accelerated by the interaction of ultraviolet photospheric radiation with metals, mainly oxygen. Absorbing ions share momentum through Coulombic collisions with the remaining passive part of the plasma (namely protons). We found that in the case of the winds from hot subdwarfs, interactions could be so small that they stop the momentum transfer between the passive bulk of plasma and absorbing ions. As a result wind decouples at a certain point. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.springerlink.com/content/100241 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-010-0402-2 SN - 0004-640X ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vladkova, Radka A1 - Koynova, Rumiana A1 - Teuchner, Klaus A1 - Tenchov, Boris T1 - Bilayer structural destabilization by low amounts of chlorophyll a N2 - The present study shows that small admixtures of one chlorophyll a (Chla) molecule per several hundred lipid molecules have strong destabilizing effect on lipid bilayers. This effect is clearly displayed in the properties of the L-alpha-H-II transformations and results from a Chla preference for the H-II relative to the L-alpha phase. Chla disfavors the lamellar liquid crystalline phase L-alpha and induces its replacement with inverted hexagonal phase H-II, as is consistently demonstrated by DSC and X-ray diffraction measurements on phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) dispersions. Chla lowers the L-alpha-H-II transition temperature (42 degrees C) of the fully hydrated dipalmitoleoyl PE (DPoPE) by similar to 8 degrees C and similar to 17 degrees C at Chla/DPoPE molar ratios of 1:500 and 1:100, respectively. Similar Chla effect was recorded also for dielaidoyl PE dispersions. The lowering of the transition temperature and the accompanying significant loss of transition cooperativity reflect the Chla repartitioning and preference for the H-II phase. The reduction of the H-II phase lattice constant in the presence of Chla is an indication that Chla favors v phase formation by decreasing the radius of spontaneous monolayer curvature, and not by filling up the interstitial spaces between the H-II phase cylinders. The observed Chla preference for H-II phase and the substantial bilayer destabilization in the vicinity of a bilayer-to-nonbilayer phase transformation caused by low Chla concentrations can be of interest as a potential regulatory or membrane-damaging factor. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00052736 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.05.008 SN - 0005-2736 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vitagliano, Giuseppe A1 - Riera, Arnau A1 - Latorre, José Ignacio T1 - Volume-law scaling for the entanglement entropy in spin-1/2 chains N2 - Entanglement entropy obeys area law scaling for typical physical quantum systems. This may naively be argued to follow from the locality of interactions. We show that this is not the case by constructing an explicit simple spin chain Hamiltonian with nearest-neighbor interactions that presents an entanglement volume scaling law. This non- translational model is contrived to have couplings that force the accumulation of singlet bonds across the half-chain. This configuration of the couplings is suggested by real-space renormalization group arguments. Computation of the entanglement entropy is performed by mapping the system to free fermions and diagonalizing numerically its correlation matrix. An analytical relationship between the entanglement entropy and the Frobenius norm of the correlation matrix is also established. Our result is complementary to the known relationship between non-translational invariant, nearest- neighbor interacting Hamiltonians and quantum Merlin-Arthur (QMA)complete problems. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://iopscience.iop.org/1367-2630 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/12/11/113049 SN - 1367-2630 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Valori, Gherardo A1 - Kliem, Bernhard A1 - Török, Tibor A1 - Titov, Viacheslav S. T1 - Testing magnetofrictional extrapolation with the Titov-Demoulin model of solar active regions N2 - We examine the nonlinear magnetofrictional extrapolation scheme using the solar active region model by Titov and Demoulin as test field. This model consists of an arched, line-tied current channel held in force-free equilibrium by the potential field of a bipolar flux distribution in the bottom boundary. A modified version with a parabolic current density profile is employed here. We find that the equilibrium is reconstructed with very high accuracy in a representative range of parameter space, using only the vector field in the bottom boundary as input. Structural features formed in the interface between the flux rope and the surrounding arcade - "hyperbolic flux tube" and "bald patch separatrix surface" - are reliably reproduced, as are the flux rope twist and the energy and helicity of the configuration. This demonstrates that force-free fields containing these basic structural elements of solar active regions can be obtained by extrapolation. The influence of the chosen initial condition on the accuracy of reconstruction is also addressed, confirming that the initial field that best matches the external potential field of the model quite naturally leads to the best reconstruction. Extrapolating the magnetogram of a Titov-Demoulin equilibrium in the unstable range of parameter space yields a sequence of two opposing evolutionary phases, which clearly indicate the unstable nature of the configuration: a partial buildup of the flux rope with rising free energy is followed by destruction of the rope, losing most of the free energy. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.aanda.org/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201014416 SN - 0004-6361 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Török, Tibor A1 - Berger, Mitch A. A1 - Kliem, Bernhard T1 - The writhe of helical structures in the solar corona N2 - Context. Helicity is a fundamental property of magnetic fields, conserved in ideal MHD. In flux rope geometry, it consists of twist and writhe helicity. Despite the common occurrence of helical structures in the solar atmosphere, little is known about how their shape relates to the writhe, which fraction of helicity is contained in writhe, and how much helicity is exchanged between twist and writhe when they erupt. Aims. Here we perform a quantitative investigation of these questions relevant for coronal flux ropes. Methods. The decomposition of the writhe of a curve into local and nonlocal components greatly facilitates its computation. We use it to study the relation between writhe and projected S shape of helical curves and to measure writhe and twist in numerical simulations of flux rope instabilities. The results are discussed with regard to filament eruptions and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Results. (1) We demonstrate that the relation between writhe and projected S shape is not unique in principle, but that the ambiguity does not affect low- lying structures, thus supporting the established empirical rule which associates stable forward (reverse) S shaped structures low in the corona with positive (negative) helicity. (2) Kink-unstable erupting flux ropes are found to transform a far smaller fraction of their twist helicity into writhe helicity than often assumed. (3) Confined flux rope eruptions tend to show stronger writhe at low heights than ejective eruptions (CMEs). This argues against suggestions that the writhing facilitates the rise of the rope through the overlying field. (4) Erupting filaments which are S shaped already before the eruption and keep the sign of their axis writhe (which is expected if field of one chirality dominates the source volume of the eruption), must reverse their S shape in the course of the rise. Implications for the occurrence of the helical kink instability in such events are discussed. (5) The writhe of rising loops can easily be estimated from the angle of rotation about the direction of ascent, once the apex height exceeds the footpoint separation significantly. Conclusions. Writhe can straightforwardly be computed for numerical data and can often be estimated from observations. It is useful in interpreting S shaped coronal structures and in constraining models of eruptions. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://dispatch.opac.d-nb.de/DB=1.1/SET=4/TTL=1/SHW?FRST=1&PRS=HOL U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/200913578 SN - 0004-6361 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Todt, Helge Tobias A1 - Pena, Maria A. A1 - Hamann, Wolf-Rainer A1 - Gräfener, Götz T1 - The central star of the planetary nebula PB8 : a Wolf-Rayet-type wind of an unusual WN/WC chemical composition N2 - A considerable fraction of the central stars of planetary nebulae (CSPNe) are hydrogen-deficient. As a rule, these CSPNe exhibit a chemical composition of helium, carbon, and oxygen with the majority showing Wolf-Rayet-like emission line spectra. These stars are classified as CSPNe of a spectral type [WC]. We perform a spectral analysis of CSPN PB 8 with the Potsdam Wolf-Rayet (PoWR) models for expanding atmospheres. The source PB8 displays wind-broadened emission lines from strong mass loss. Most strikingly, we find that its surface composition is hydrogen-deficient, but not carbon-rich. With mass fractions of 55% helium, 40% hydrogen, 1.3% carbon, 2% nitrogen, and 1.3% oxygen, it differs greatly from the 30-50% of carbon which are typically seen in [WC]-type central stars. The atmospheric mixture in PB8 has an analogy in the WN/WC transition type among the massive Wolf-Rayet stars. Therefore we suggest to introduce a new spectral type [WN/WC] for CSPNe, with PB8 as its first member. The central star of PB8 has a relatively low temperature of T-* = 52 kK, as expected for central stars in their early evolutionary stages. Its surrounding nebula is less than 3000 years old, i.e. relatively young. Existing calculations for the post-AGB evolution can produce hydrogen-deficient stars of the [WC] type, but do not predict the composition found in PB8. We discuss various scenarios that might explain the origin of this unique object. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.aanda.org/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/200912183 SN - 0004-6361 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tobie, Gabriel A1 - Giese, Bernd A1 - Hurford, Terry Anthony A1 - Lopes, Rosaly M. A1 - Nimmo, Francis A1 - Postberg, Frank A1 - Retherford, Kurt D. A1 - Schmidt, Jürgen A1 - Spencer, John R. A1 - Tokano, Tetsuya A1 - Turtle, Elizabeth P. T1 - Surface, subsurface and atmosphere exchanges on the satellites of the outer solar system N2 - The surface morphology of icy moons is affected by several processes implicating exchanges between their subsurfaces and atmospheres (if any). The possible exchange of material between the subsurface and the surface is mainly determined by the mechanical properties of the lithosphere, which isolates the deep, warm and ductile ice material from the cold surface conditions. Exchanges through this layer occur only if it is sufficiently thin and/or if it is fractured owing to tectonic stresses, melt intrusion or impact cratering. If such conditions are met, cryomagma can be released, erupting fresh volatile-rich materials onto the surface. For a very few icy moons (Titan, Triton, Enceladus), the emission of gas associated with cryovolcanic activity is sufficiently large to generate an atmosphere, either long- lived or transient. For those moons, atmosphere-driven processes such as cryovolcanic plume deposition, phase transitions of condensable materials and wind interactions continuously re-shape their surfaces, and are able to transport cryovolcanically generated materials on a global scale. In this chapter, we discuss the physics of these different exchange processes and how they affect the evolution of the satellites' surfaces. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.springerlink.com/content/102996 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-010-9641-3 SN - 0038-6308 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Suresh, R. A1 - Senthilkumar, Dharmapuri Vijayan A1 - Lakshmanan, Muthusamy A1 - Kurths, Jürgen T1 - Global phase synchronization in an array of time-delay systems N2 - We report the identification of global phase synchronization (GPS) in a linear array of unidirectionally coupled Mackey-Glass time-delay systems exhibiting highly non-phase-coherent chaotic attractors with complex topological structure. In particular, we show that the dynamical organization of all the coupled time-delay systems in the array to form GPS is achieved by sequential synchronization as a function of the coupling strength. Further, the asynchronous ones in the array with respect to the main sequentially synchronized cluster organize themselves to form clusters before they achieve synchronization with the main cluster. We have confirmed these results by estimating instantaneous phases including phase difference, average phase, average frequency, frequency ratio, and their differences from suitably transformed phase coherent attractors after using a nonlinear transformation of the original non-phase-coherent attractors. The results are further corroborated using two other independent approaches based on recurrence analysis and the concept of localized sets from the original non-phase-coherent attractors directly without explicitly introducing the measure of phase. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://pre.aps.org/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/Physreve.82.016215 SN - 1539-3755 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sun, Zong Kui A1 - Yang, Xiao Li T1 - Parameters identification and synchronization of chaotic delayed systems containing uncertainties and time- varying delay N2 - Time delays are ubiquitous in real world and are often sources of complex behaviors of dynamical systems. This paper addresses the problem of parameters identification and synchronization of uncertain chaotic delayed systems subject to time-varying delay. Firstly, a novel and systematic adaptive scheme of synchronization is proposed for delayed dynamical systems containing uncertainties based on Razumikhin condition and extended invariance principle for functional differential equations. Then, the proposed adaptive scheme is used to estimate the unknown parameters of nonlinear delayed systems from time series, and a sufficient condition is given by virtue of this scheme. The delayed system under consideration is a very generic one that includes almost all well-known delayed systems (neural network, complex networks, etc.). Two classical examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive scheme. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/105309 SN - 1024-123X ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stoyanov, Hristiyan A1 - Kollosche, Matthias A1 - McCarthy, Denis N. A1 - Kofod, Guggi T1 - Molecular composites with enhanced energy density for electroactive polymers N2 - Actuators based on soft dielectric elastomers deform due to electric field induced Maxwell's stress, interacting with the mechanical properties of the material. The relatively high operating voltages of such actuators can be reduced by increasing the permittivity of the active material, while maintaining the mechanical properties and high electrical breakdown strength. Approaches relying on the use of highly polarizable molecules or conjugated polymers have so far provided the best results, however it has been difficult to maintain high breakdown strengths. In this work, a new approach for increasing the electrostatic energy density of a soft polymer based on molecular composites is presented, relying on chemically grafting soft gel-state pi-conjugated conducting macromolecules (polyaniline (PANI)) to a flexible elastomer backbone SEBS-g-MA (poly-styrene-co-ethylene-co-butylene-co-styrene-g-maleic anhydride). The approach was found to result in composites of increased permittivity (470% over the elastomer matrix) with hardly any reduction in breakdown strength (from 140 to 120 V mu m(-1)), resulting in a large increase in stored electrostatic energy. This led to an improvement in the measured electromechanical response as well as in the maximum actuation strain. A transition was observed when amounts of PANI exceeded 2 vol%, which was ascribed to the exhaustion of the MA- functionality of the SEBS-g-MA. The transition led to drastic increases in permittivity and conductivity, and a sharp drop in electrical breakdown strength. Although the transition caused further improvement of the electromechanical response, the reduction in electrical breakdown strength caused a limitation of the maximum achievable actuation strain. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.rsc.org/Publishing/Journals/jm/index.asp U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/C0jm00519c SN - 0959-9428 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stich, Michael A1 - Beta, Carsten T1 - Control of pattern formation by time-delay feedback with global and local contributions N2 - We consider the suppression of spatiotemporal chaos in the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation by a combined global and local time-delay feedback. Feedback terms are implemented as a control scheme, i.e., they are proportional to the difference between the time-delayed state of the system and its current state. We perform a linear stability analysis of uniform oscillations with respect to space-dependent perturbations and compare with numerical simulations. Similarly, for the fixed-point solution that corresponds to amplitude death in the spatially extended system, a linear stability analysis with respect to space-dependent perturbations is performed and complemented by numerical simulations. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01672789 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physd.2010.05.001 SN - 0167-2789 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steyrleuthner, Robert A1 - Schubert, Marcel A1 - Jaiser, Frank A1 - Blakesley, James C. A1 - Chen, Zhihua A1 - Facchetti, Antonio A1 - Neher, Dieter T1 - Bulk electron transport and charge injection in a high mobility n-type semiconducting polymer N2 - Bulk electron transport in a high mobility n-type polymer is studied by time-of-flight photocurrent measurements and electron-only devices. Bulk electron mobilities of similar to 5 x 10(-3) cm(2)/Vs are obtained. The analysis of the electron currents suggests the presence of an injection barrier for all conventionally used low workfunction cathodes. Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jhome/10008336 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201000232 SN - 0935-9648 ER -