TY - JOUR A1 - Stauffer, Maxime A1 - Mengesha, Isaak A1 - Seifert, Konrad A1 - Krawczuk, Igor A1 - Fischer, Jens A1 - Serugendo, Giovanna Di Marzo T1 - A computational turn in policy process studies BT - coevolving network dynamics of policy change JF - Complexity N2 - The past three decades of policy process studies have seen the emergence of a clear intellectual lineage with regard to complexity. Implicitly or explicitly, scholars have employed complexity theory to examine the intricate dynamics of collective action in political contexts. However, the methodological counterparts to complexity theory, such as computational methods, are rarely used and, even if they are, they are often detached from established policy process theory. Building on a critical review of the application of complexity theory to policy process studies, we present and implement a baseline model of policy processes using the logic of coevolving networks. Our model suggests that an actor's influence depends on their environment and on exogenous events facilitating dialogue and consensus-building. Our results validate previous opinion dynamics models and generate novel patterns. Our discussion provides ground for further research and outlines the path for the field to achieve a computational turn. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8210732 SN - 1076-2787 SN - 1099-0526 VL - 2022 PB - Wiley-Hindawi CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rothermel, Ann-Kathrin T1 - Angriffe auf die Chancengleichheit BT - das Wechselspiel zwischen Feminismus und Anti-Feminismus JF - Welt-Trends : Zeitschrift für internationale Politik N2 - „Gender-Ideologie“ und „Gender-Wahn“– diese Begriffe entstammen einem antifeministischen Diskurs, der ohne Bedrohungsszenarien nicht funktioniert. Feministische Errungenschaften – wie die Ehe für alle – werden zur Ursache persönlicher Nachteile umgedeutet. Seine Vertreter*innen verbreiten ihre (oft gewaltvollen) Narrative sowohl auf der Straße als auch im Internet. Antifeministische Bewegungen weisen zudem vielfältige Querverbindungen mit konservativen, nationalistischen, fundamentalreligiösen und faschistischen Diskursen auf. KW - Bedrohungsvorstellung KW - Chancengleichheit KW - Erde KW - Feminismus KW - Meinungsbildung KW - politische Einstellung KW - politische Kultur Y1 - 2022 UR - https://www.wiso-net.de/document/WTRE__4155401a13a04ba8a79c6fa7a1f3d368beed24c7 SN - 0944-8101 VL - 30 IS - 185 SP - 28 EP - 33 PB - WeltTrends - Potsdamer Wissenschaftsverlag CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wanckel, Camilla T1 - An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure BT - building capacities for the use of big data algorithm systems (BDAS) in early crisis detection JF - Government information quarterly N2 - Public sector organizations at all levels of government increasingly rely on Big Data Algorithmic Systems (BDAS) to support decision-making along the entire policy cycle. But while our knowledge on the use of big data continues to grow for government agencies implementing and delivering public services, empirical research on applications for anticipatory policy design is still in its infancy. Based on the concept of policy analytical capacity (PAC), this case study examines the application of BDAS for early crisis detection within the German Federal Government—that is, the German Federal Foreign Office (FFO) and the Federal Ministry of Defence (FMoD). It uses the nested model of PAC to reflect on systemic, organizational, and individual capacity-building from a neoinstitutional perspective and allow for the consideration of embedded institutional contexts. Results from semi-structured interviews indicate that governments seeking to exploit BDAS in policymaking depend on their institutional environment (e.g., through research and data governance infrastructure). However, specific capacity-building strategies may differ according to the departments' institutional framework, with the FMoD relying heavily on subordinate agencies and the FFO creating network-like structures with external researchers. Government capacity-building at the individual and organizational level is similarly affected by long-established institutional structures, roles, and practices within the organization and beyond, making it important to analyze these three levels simultaneously instead of separately. KW - big data algorithm system (BDAS) KW - artificial intelligence (AI) KW - early crisis detection KW - policymaking KW - policy analytical capacity (PAC) KW - central government organizations KW - neo-institutionalism Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2022.101705 SN - 0740-624X SN - 1872-9517 VL - 39 IS - 4 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ruppel, Samantha A1 - Leib, Julia T1 - Same but different BT - the role of local leaders in the peace processes in Liberia and Sierra Leone JF - Peacebuilding N2 - The peace processes in Liberia and Sierra Leone share similar contexts and have an interrelated history. They are also often portrayed as successful cases of peacebuilding. This conclusion seems valid, as war has not returned, and political power was handed over peacefully; however, both cases differ with regard to the inclusiveness of the peace processes and the role of local leaders. This article aims to add to the critical peacebuilding debate by focusing on local perceptions about the position of local leaders in these two peace processes. We conducted a public opinion survey in five regions in Sierra Leone and Liberia and expert interviews with peacebuilding actors to examine changing perceptions about the roles of local leaders in both countries. This article speaks to the broader peacebuilding debate by highlighting the importance of including local voices in the peace process and by discussing challenges of inclusive peacebuilding. KW - conflict management KW - conflict resolution KW - West Africa KW - peacebuilding KW - peace Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/21647259.2022.2027152 SN - 2164-7259 VL - 10 IS - 4 SP - 470 EP - 505 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leib, Julia T1 - How justice becomes part of the deal BT - pre-conditions for the Inclusion of transitional justice provisions in peace agreements JF - International journal of transitional justice N2 - In which negotiation contexts are transitional justice provisions included in peace agreements? Today, many peace agreements include transitional justice provisions, but their inclusion differs based on conflict and negotiation characteristics. While context thus seems to be relevant for the choice of transitional justice provisions agreed on by the warring parties, very little is known about the context clusters that enable transitional justice. Using data on 58 full peace agreements signed between 1989 and 2018, a crisp-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) investigates the combinations of conflict intensity, rebel group strength, type of conflict, third-party support and civil society participation that led to the inclusion of transitional justice provisions. The result of this exploratory study suggests four context settings that are identified as being empirically relevant for the inclusion of transitional justice provisions. Choices of justice are thus the result of an overall negotiation environment characterized by multiple interrelated context factors. KW - conflict resolution KW - peace negotiations KW - QCA KW - reconciliation Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijac015 SN - 1752-7716 SN - 1752-7724 VL - 16 IS - 3 SP - 439 EP - 457 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hänel, Hilkje C. A1 - Schuppert, Fabian T1 - Was ist Geschlechtergerechtigkeit? T1 - What is gender-justice? BT - eine nicht-ideale Annäherung BT - a non-ideal approach JF - Zeitschrift für Praktische Philosophie N2 - In Decolonizing Universalism: A Transnational Feminist Ethic zielt Serene Khader auf eine Neuausrichtung der feministischen Perspektive, welche es schafft, dekolonial und anti-imperialistisch zu sein, ohne gleichzeitig dem Universalismus komplett abzuschwören. Die Motivation hinter dieser Neuorientierung ist die Einsicht, dass der liberale moralische Universalismus oftmals kulturelle Vorherrschaft und Imperialismus verstärkt. In diesem Kommentar wollen wir (a) uns mit der Frage beschäftigen, was genau unter Geschlechtergerechtigkeit verstanden werden soll und welcher Maßstab zur Beantwortung der Frage nach Gerechtigkeit angebracht ist und (b) einige Ideen zum Unterschied zwischen idealer und nicht-idealer Theorie liefern. N2 - In Decolonizing Universalism: A Transnational Feminist Ethic, Serene Khader aims to reorient the feminist perspective, which manages to be decolonial and anti-imperialist without completely renouncing universalism. The motivation behind this reorientation is the realization that liberal moral universalism often reinforces cultural domination and imperialism. In this commentary, we will (a) address the question of what exactly is meant by gender justice and what is the appropriate standard for answering the question of justice, and (b) provide some ideas about the difference between ideal and non-ideal theory. KW - nicht-ideale Theorie KW - Geschlechtergerechtigkeit KW - feministische Philosophie KW - Universalismus KW - dekoloniale Theorie KW - non-ideal theory KW - gender-justice KW - feminist philosophy KW - universalism KW - decolonial theory Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.22613/zfpp/9.1.13 SN - 2409-9961 VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 315 EP - 328 PB - Universität Salzburg CY - Salzburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hänel, Hilkje C. T1 - Potentially disabled? JF - Inquiry N2 - Ten years ago, I was diagnosed with a rare illness called Myasthenia Gravis. Myasthenia Gravis is a long-term neuromuscular autoimmune disease where antibodies block or destroy specific receptors at the junction between nerve and muscle; hence, nerve impulses fail to trigger muscle contractions. The disease leads to varying degrees of muscle weakness. Currently, I have only minor symptoms, I am not seriously impaired, and I do not suffer from any social disadvantage because of my illness. Yet, my life and my body since my diagnosis feel different than before. In this paper I aim to make this feeling intelligible and propose that it is a state of what I call ‘latent impairment’. Latent impairment is a state of being ‘in between’, different from being actually impaired and also different from being abled-bodied. The theory takes its cues both from social constructionist theories of disability as well as theories of (chronic) illness and their focus on the importance of subjectivity. Furthermore, I suggest that a phenomenological understanding of latent impairment can show possible ways of becoming an ally to the DRM. KW - disability KW - chronic illness KW - latent impairment KW - social construction Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/0020174X.2022.2136753 SN - 0020-174X SN - 1502-3923 SP - 1 EP - 26 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weaver, Catherine A1 - Heinzel, Mirko A1 - Jorgensen, Samantha A1 - Flores, Joseph T1 - Bureaucratic representation in the IMF and the World Bank JF - Global perspectives N2 - The legitimacy and effectiveness of international organizations are often linked directly to issues of representation—not only on their high-level governing boards and in top leadership but also within their staff. This article explores two key questions of bureaucratic representation in the critical cases of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank. First, we seek to unpack three essential dimensions of staff representation—nationality, education, and gender—to explain how representation may matter for international organizations. Second, we aim to describe the multiple dimensions of representation in the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank over the past twenty years by deploying a novel dataset on staff demographics, focusing on ranks with decision-making authority within the institutions. Our descriptive analysis reveals that the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank have made considerable efforts to diversify their bureaucracies. Nonetheless, representation remains uneven; for example, nationals from middle- and low-income countries, women, and staff without economics degrees from prominent US- or UK-based universities are less present in key leadership positions. These results may be well explained by the particular needs of the institutions’ technical mandates and limits in the supply of qualified staff and, as such, need not be seen as suboptimal. Nonetheless, perceived imbalances in representation may continue to pose external legitimation and operational challenges to the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank in a complex political environment where such multidimensional representation is important to sustaining the buy-in of donor and borrower countries alike. To this end, we recommend that the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank enhance their diversity and inclusion efforts by increasing transparency via reporting disaggregated data on workforce composition and introducing annual requirements to publish progress reports with management feedback to strengthen internal and external accountability. KW - representation KW - international bureaucracy KW - multilateralism KW - World Bank KW - IMF Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2022.39684 SN - 2575-7350 VL - 3 IS - 1 PB - University of California Press CY - Oakland, CA ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hänel, Hilkje C. T1 - Einleitung: Epistemische Ungerechtigkeiten T1 - Introduction: epistemic injustice JF - Zeitschrift für praktische Philosophie N2 - Die Debatte um epistemische Ungerechtigkeit verbindet normative Gerechtigkeitstheorien mit erkenntnistheoretischen Theorien und stellt somit die Art von wichtigen Fragen, die in den letzten Jahren sowohl innerhalb als auch außerhalb der Wissenschaft internationale Aufmerksamkeit erfahren haben. Verwiesen sei hier etwa auf soziale Bewegungen wie #MeToo und #BlackLivesMatter zeigen. Theorien der epistemischen Ungerechtigkeit (sowie verwandte Theorien wie Epistemologie des Unwissens, feministische Erkenntnistheorie und Standpunkttheorie) können sowohl epistemische Praktiken analysieren und einen Beitrag zu Gerechtigkeitstheorien und sozialer Epistemologie liefern, als auch zu adäquateren Verständnissen von existierenden Ungerechtigkeiten beitragen. In dem hier vorliegenden Schwerpunkt werden Beiträge zu eben solchen bislang wenig erforschten Ungerechtigkeiten sowie neue Diskussionsbeiträge zur Debatte um epistemische Ungerechtigkeiten geliefert. N2 - The debate of epistemic injustice combines normative theories of justice with epistemological theories, posing the kinds of important questions that have received international attention in recent years, both inside and outside academia. Examples of the public relevance of the issue are social movements such as #MeToo and #BlackLivesMatter. Theories of epistemic injustice (and related theories such as epistemology of ignorance, feminist epistemology, and standpoint epistemology) can both analyze epistemic practices and contribute to theories of justice, social epistemology, and neighboring fields, as well as provide more adequate understandings of existing injustices. The special issue contributes to the analysis of such existing, yet under-researched injustices and new contributions to the debate on epistemic injustices. KW - Epistemische Ungerechtigkeit KW - Unwissen KW - feministische Erkenntnistheorie KW - Standpunkttheorie KW - soziale Bewegungen KW - epistemic injustice KW - ignorance KW - feminist epistemology KW - standpoint-theory KW - social movements Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.22613/zfpp/9.1.5 SN - 2409-9961 VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 141 EP - 154 PB - Universität Salzburg, Zentrum für Ethik und Armutsforschung CY - Salzburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinzel, Mirko T1 - Divided loyalties? BT - the role of national IO staff in aid–funded procurement JF - Governance N2 - Many operational International Organizations (IOs) rely on national staff when implementing projects in member states. However, fears persist that the loyalties of national IO staff may be divided when working in their home countries. The article studies differences in more than 50,000 procurement decisions taken in 1729 projects overseen by World Bank staff working as expatriates or in their home countries. The empirical results show that when staff work in their home countries, national suppliers' probability of winning procurement contracts increases. However, these increases are not driven by restricted procurement processes—that exclude competition—which are often seen as red flags for corruption. Instead, restricted procurement processes seem to be less likely when staff work in their home countries. These findings imply that national IO staff use their country-specific knowledge to increase the development effectiveness of procurement in line with the mandate of the World Bank. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12650 SN - 0952-1895 SN - 1468-0491 VL - 35 IS - 4 SP - 1183 EP - 1203 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinzel, Mirko A1 - Koenig-Archibugi, Mathias T1 - Harmful side effects BT - how government restrictions against transnational civil society affect global health JF - British journal of political science N2 - Governments have increasingly adopted laws restricting the activities of international non-governmental organizations INGOs within their borders. Such laws are often intended to curb the ability of critical INGOs to discover and communicate government failures and abuses to domestic and international audiences. They can also have the unintended effect of reducing the presence and activities of INGOs working on health issues, and depriving local health workers and organizations of access to resources, knowledge and other forms of support. This study assesses whether legislative restrictions on INGOs are associated with fewer health INGOs in a wide range of countries and with the ability of those countries to mitigate disability-adjusted life years lost because of twenty-one disease categories between 1993 and 2017. The findings indicate that restrictive legislation hampered efforts by civil society to lighten the global burden of disease and had adverse side effects on the health of citizens worldwide. KW - international non-governmental organizations KW - INGOs KW - restrictions to civil society KW - closing civic space KW - authoritarianism KW - health services KW - global health KW - burden of disease KW - disability-adjusted life years Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123422000564 SN - 0007-1234 SN - 1469-2112 VL - 53 IS - 4 SP - 1293 EP - 1310 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dörfler, Thomas A1 - Heinzel, Mirko Noa T1 - Greening global governance BT - INGO secretariats and environmental mainstreaming of IOs, 1950 to 2017 JF - The review of international organizations N2 - The last decades have seen a remarkable expansion in the number of International Organizations (IOs) that have mainstreamed environmental issues into their policy scope—in many cases due to the pressure of civil society. We hypothesize that International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs), whose headquarters are in proximity to the headquarters of IOs, are more likely to affect IOs' expansion into the environmental domain. We test this explanation by utilizing a novel dataset on the strength of environmental global civil society in proximity to the headquarters of 76 IOs between 1950 and 2017. Three findings stand out. First, the more environmental INGOs have their secretariat in proximity to the headquarter of an IO, the more likely the IO mainstreams environmental policy. Second, proximate INGOs’ contribution increases when they can rely on domestically focused NGOs in member states. Third, a pathway case reveals that proximate INGOs played an essential role in inside lobbying, outside lobbying and information provision during the campaign to mainstream environmental issues at the World Bank. However, their efforts relied to a substantial extent on the work of local NGOs on the ground. KW - international organizations KW - environmental mainstreaming KW - international non-governmental organizations KW - policy scope KW - geographical proximity KW - world bank Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-022-09462-4 SN - 1559-7431 SN - 1559-744X VL - 18 IS - 1 SP - 117 EP - 143 PB - Springer CY - Boston ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dörfler, Thomas T1 - The effect of expert recommendations on intergovernmental decision-making BT - North Korea, Iran, and non-proliferation sanctions in the Security Council JF - International relations : the journal of the David Davies Memorial Institute of International Studies N2 - The article explores whether and to what extent expert recommendations affect decision-making within the Security Council and its North Korea and Iran sanctions regimes. The article first develops a rationalist theoretical argument to show why making many second-stage decisions, such as determining lists of items under export restrictions, subjects Security Council members to repeating coordination situations. Expert recommendations may provide focal point solutions to coordination problems, even when interests diverge and preferences remain stable. Empirically, the article first explores whether expert recommendations affected decision-making on commodity sanctions imposed on North Korea. Council members heavily relied on recommended export trigger lists as focal points, solving a divisive conflict among great powers. Second, the article explores whether expert recommendations affected the designation of sanctions violators in the Iran sanctions regime. Council members designated individuals and entities following expert recommendations as focal points, despite conflicting interests among great powers. The article concludes that expert recommendations are an additional means of influence in Security Council decision-making and seem relevant for second-stage decision-making among great powers in other international organisations. KW - decision-making KW - expert recommendations KW - international organisation KW - rationalism KW - sanctions KW - Security Council Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/00471178211033941 SN - 0047-1178 SN - 1741-2862 VL - 36 IS - 2 SP - 237 EP - 261 PB - Sage CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dijkstra, Hylke A1 - Debre, Maria Josepha T1 - The death of major international organizations BT - when institutional stickiness is not enough JF - Global studies quarterly N2 - Major international organizations (IOs) are heavily contested, but they are rarely dissolved. Scholars have focused on their longevity, making institutional arguments about replacement costs and institutional assets as well as IO agency to adapt and resist challenges. This article analyzes the limits of institutional stickiness by focusing on outlier cases. While major IOs are dissolved at considerably lower rates than minor IOs, the article nevertheless identifies twenty-one cases where major IOs have died since 1815. These are tough cases as they do not conform to our institutionalist expectations. To better understand these rare but important events, the article provides case illustrations from the League of Nations and International Refugee Organization, which were dissolved due to their perceived underperformance and a disappearing demand for cooperation. These cases show the limits of the institutional theories of IO stickiness: sometimes member states find high replacement costs justified or consider assets as sunk costs, and IOs may lack agency to strategically respond. This article refines theories of institutional stickiness and contributes to the institutional theory of the life and death of IOs. Les principales organisations internationales (OI) sont fortement contestées, mais rarement dissoutes. Pour expliquer leur longévité, les chercheurs ont avancé des arguments institutionnels concernant les coûts de remplacement et les actifs de l'institution, mais aussi la capacité des OI à s'adapter et à résister aux défis. Cet article analyse les limites de la persistance des institutions en se concentrant sur des cas particuliers. Tandis que les principales OI sont dissoutes bien moins fréquemment que des OI moins importantes, cet article identifie néanmoins 21 cas de disparition d'OI principales depuis 1815. Ces derniers sont particulièrement difficiles, car ils ne correspondent pas à nos attentes en termes d'institutions. Afin de mieux comprendre ces événements rares, mais non moins importants, l'article propose comme illustrations de cas la Société des Nations et l'Organisation internationale pour les réfugiés, qui ont été dissoutes à cause de leur manque apparent de résultats et de la disparition de la demande de coopération. Ces cas mettent en évidence les limites des théories institutionnelles de persistance des OI : parfois, les États membres considèrent les coûts de remplacement élevés justifiés ou les actifs comme des coûts irrécupérables, et les OI n'ont peut-être pas la capacité de leur répondre de manière stratégique. Le présent article affine les théories de persistance institutionnelle et contribue à la théorie institutionnelle de vie et de mort des OI. Las organizaciones internacionales (OI) más importantes son muy cuestionadas, pero rara vez se disuelven. Los investigadores se han centrado en la longevidad de las IO, formulando argumentos institucionales sobre los costes de sustitución y los activos institucionales, así como sobre la capacidad de adaptación y resistencia de las organizaciones internacionales. Este artículo analiza los límites de la rigidez institucional centrándose en casos atípicos. Aunque las OI más importantes se disuelven en proporciones considerablemente menores que las OI de menor importancia, el artículo identifica 21 casos en los que OI más importantes desaparecieron desde 1815. Se trata de casos difíciles, ya que no se ajustan a nuestras expectativas institucionalistas. Para comprender mejor estos raros pero importantes acontecimientos, el artículo ofrece ejemplos de casos de la Sociedad de Naciones y de la, Organización Internacional para los Refugiados que se disolvieron debido a su bajo desempeño percibido y a la desaparición de la demanda de cooperación. Estos casos muestran los límites de las teorías institucionales sobre la rigidez de las OI: En ocasiones, los Estados miembros consideran justificados los elevados costes de sustitución o consideran que los activos son costes irrecuperables, y las OI pueden no disponer de capacidad de respuesta estratégica. Este artículo profundiza en las teorías de la rigidez institucional y contribuye a la teoría institucional de la vida y la muerte de las organizaciones internacionales. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/isagsq/ksac048 SN - 2634-3797 VL - 2 IS - 4 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dieter, Heribert T1 - Deutschland und die neue Geoökonomie JF - Politikum Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.46499/1838.2481 SN - 2364-4737 VL - 8 IS - 3 SP - 30 EP - 37 PB - Wochenschau Verlag CY - Frankfurt, M. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dieter, Heribert T1 - AUKUS und die strukturellen Veränderungen der sicherheitspolitischen Lage im indo-pazifischen Raum JF - SIRIUS – Zeitschrift für Strategische Analysen Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/sirius-2022-2007 SN - 2510-263X SN - 2510-2648 VL - 6 IS - 2 SP - 210 EP - 217 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dannemann, Udo T1 - Krisenvorstellungen BT - Einschätzungen und Überzeugungen von Lehrer/-innen zu den Herausforderungen unserer Gesellschaft JF - Zeitschrift für Didaktik der Gesellschaftswissenschaften N2 - Der Beitrag stellt zentrale Ergebnisse der qualitativen Untersuchung zum Thema „Gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen im sozialen und im schulischen Raum“ dar. Dabei wird zunächst nur der erste Teil und damit das Erfahrungswissen im sozialen Raum beleuchtet. Neben einer kurzen Darstellung des theoretischen und methodischen Zugangs werden unterschiedliche Krisenverständnisse von Lehrer/-innen herausgestellt und auf sozialwissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse zurückgeführt. Der Rekurs auf die Krise(n) wird als Zugang genutzt, um gesellschaftliche He-rausforderungen zu identifizieren und Einschätzungen zu explizieren. In einem zweiten Schritt werden zwei Typen präsentiert, durch die exemplarisch konträre Vorstellungen zu unterschiedlichen gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen und Krisen herausgestellt werden können. Durch die zwei Typen „progressive“ und „konservative Kritiker/-innen“ kann ein Spannungsfeld aufgemacht werden, auf dem die untersuchten Fälle verortet werden. Ziel ist es, Erfahrungswissen und die gesellschaftlichen Sichtweisen wie auch politischen Überzeugungen sichtbar und vergleichbar werden zu lassen. Diese bilden die Grundlage, um anschließend zu untersuchen, wie sich Vorstellungen und Überzeugungen auch im schulischen Raum wiederfinden lassen. Ein erster Einblick wird am Ende des Beitrags durch die Darstellung eines exemplarischen Falls gewährt. KW - Krise KW - Gesellschaftswissenschaften KW - Didaktik KW - Didaktik der Gesellschaftswissenschaften KW - Sinnbildung Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.46499/2079.2533 SN - 2191-0766 SN - 2749-487X VL - 13 IS - 2 SP - 77 EP - 98 PB - Wochenschau Verlag CY - Frankfurt, M. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Resch, Gustav A1 - Schöniger, Franziska A1 - Kleinschmitt, Christoph A1 - Franke, Katja A1 - Thonig, Richard A1 - Lilliestam, Johan T1 - Deep decarbonization of the European power sector calls for dispatchable CSP JF - AIP conference proceedings N2 - Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) offers flexible and decarbonized power generation and is one of the few dispatchable renewable technologies able to generate renewable electricity on demand. Today (2018) CSP contributes only 5TWh to the European power generation, but it has the potential to become one of the key pillars for European decarbonization pathways. In this paper we investigate how factors and pivotal policy decisions leading to different futures and associated CSP deployment in Europe in the years up to 2050. In a second step we characterize the scenarios with their associated system cost and the costs of support policies. We show that the role of CSP in Europe critically depends on political developments and the success or failure of policies outside renewable power. In particular, the uptake of CSP depends on the overall decarbonization ambition, the degree of cross border trade of renewable electricity and is enabled by the presence of strong grid interconnection between Southern and Norther European Member States as well as by future electricity demand growth. The presence of other baseload technologies, prominently nuclear power in France, reduce the role and need for CSP. Assuming favorable technological development, we find a strong role for CSP in Europe in all modeled scenarios: contributing between 100TWh to 300TWh of electricity to a future European power system. This would require increasing the current European CSP fleet by a factor of 20 to 60 in the next 30 years. To achieve this financial support between € 0.4-2 billion per year into CSP would be needed, representing only a small share of overall support needs for power-system transformation. Cooperation of Member States could further help to reduce this cost. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0086710 SN - 1551-7616 SN - 0094-243X SP - 050006-1 EP - 050006-9 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thonig, Richard A1 - Gilmanova, Alina A1 - Zhan, Jing A1 - Lilliestam, Johan T1 - Chinese CSP for the world? JF - AIP conference proceedings N2 - For three consecutive five-year plans since 2006, China has worked on building up an internationally competitive CSP industry and value chain. One big milestone in commercializing proprietary Chinese CSP technology was the 2016 demonstration program of 20 commercial-scale projects. China sought to increase and demonstrate capacities for domestic CSP technology development and deployment. At the end of the 13th five-year period, we take stock of the demonstrated progress of the Chinese CSP industry towards delivering internationally competitive CSP projects. We find that in January 2021, eight commercial-scale projects, in total 500 MW, have been completed and three others were under construction in China. In addition, Chinese EPC’s have participated in three international CSP projects, although proprietary Chinese CSP designs have not been applied outside China. The largest progress has been made in molten-salt tower technology, with several projects by different companies completed and operating successfully: here, the aims were met, and Chinese companies are now at the global forefront of this segment. Further efforts for large-scale demonstration are needed, however, for other CSP technologies, including parabolic trough - with additional demonstration hindered by a lack of further deployment policies. In the near future, Chinese companies seek to employ the demonstrated capabilities in the tower segment abroad and are developing projects using Chinese technology, financing, and components in several overseas markets. If successful, this will likely lead to increasing competition and further cost reductions for the global CSP sector. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0085752 SN - 1551-7616 SN - 0094-243X SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Süsser, Diana A1 - Martin, Nick A1 - Stavrakas, Vassilis A1 - Gaschnig, Hannes A1 - Talens-Peiró, Laura A1 - Flamos, Alexandros A1 - Madrid-López, Cristina A1 - Lilliestam, Johan T1 - Why energy models should integrate social and environmental factors BT - assessing user needs, omission impacts, and real-word accuracy in the European Union JF - Energy research & social science N2 - Energy models are used to inform and support decisions within the transition to climate neutrality. In recent years, such models have been criticised for being overly techno-centred and ignoring environmental and social factors of the energy transition. Here, we explore and illustrate the impact of ignoring such factors by comparing model results to model user needs and real-world observations. We firstly identify concrete user needs for better representation of environmental and social factors in energy modelling via interviews, a survey and a workshop. Secondly, we explore and illustrate the effects of omitting non-techno-economic factors in modelling by contrasting policy-targeted scenarios with reality in four EU case study examples. We show that by neglecting environmental and social factors, models risk generating overly optimistic and potentially misleading results, for example by suggesting transition speeds far exceeding any speeds observed, or pathways facing hard-to-overcome resource constraints. As such, modelled energy transition pathways that ignore such factors may be neither desirable nor feasible from an environmental and social perspective, and scenarios may be irrelevant in practice. Finally, we discuss a sample of recent energy modelling innovations and call for continued and increased efforts for improved approaches that better represent environmental and social factors in energy modelling and increase the relevance of energy models for informing policymaking. KW - energy modelling KW - energy planning KW - energy policy KW - ecological crisis KW - social acceptance KW - environmental impacts Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102775 SN - 2214-6296 VL - 92 SP - 102775 EP - 102775 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER -