TY - JOUR
A1 - Assagra, Yuri A.O.
A1 - Altafim, Ruy Alberto Pisani
A1 - do Carmo, Joao P.
A1 - Altafim, Ruy A.C.
A1 - Rychkov, Dmitry
A1 - Wirges, Werner
A1 - Gerhard, Reimund
T1 - A new route to piezo-polymer transducers: 3D printing of polypropylene ferroelectrets
JF - IEEE transactions on dielectrics and electrical insulation
N2 - Here, a promising approach for producing piezo-polymer transducers in a one-step process is presented. Using 3D-printing technology and polypropylene (PP) filaments, we are able to print a two-layered film structure with regular cavities of precisely controlled size and shape. It is found that the 3D-printed samples exhibit piezoelectric coefficients up to 200 pC/N, similar to those of other PP ferroelectrets, and their temporal and thermal behavior is in good agreement with those known of PP ferroelectrets. The piezoelectric response strongly decreases for applied pressures above 20 kPa, as the pressure in the air-filled cavities strongly influences the overall elastic modulus of ferroelectrets.
KW - 3D printing
KW - polymer ferroelectrets
KW - sensors and actuators
KW - piezoelectrets
KW - electret polymers
KW - soft electro-active materials
KW - functional materials
KW - soft matter
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2020.008461
SN - 1070-9878
SN - 1558-4135
VL - 27
IS - 5
SP - 1668
EP - 1674
PB - Inst. of Electr. and Electronics Engineers
CY - Piscataway
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Obbard, Darren J.
A1 - Shi, Mang
A1 - Roberts, Katherine E.
A1 - Longdon, Ben
A1 - Dennis, Alice B.
T1 - A new lineage of segmented RNA viruses infecting animals
JF - Virus Evolution
N2 - Metagenomic sequencing has revolutionised our knowledge of virus diversity, with new virus sequences being reported faster than ever before. However, virus discovery from metagenomic sequencing usually depends on detectable homology: without a sufficiently close relative, so-called ‘dark’ virus sequences remain unrecognisable. An alternative approach is to use virus-identification methods that do not depend on detecting homology, such as virus recognition by host antiviral immunity. For example, virus-derived small RNAs have previously been used to propose ‘dark’ virus sequences associated with the Drosophilidae (Diptera). Here, we combine published Drosophila data with a comprehensive search of transcriptomic sequences and selected meta-transcriptomic datasets to identify a completely new lineage of segmented positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that we provisionally refer to as the Quenyaviruses. Each of the five segments contains a single open reading frame, with most encoding proteins showing no detectable similarity to characterised viruses, and one sharing a small number of residues with the RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of single- and double-stranded RNA viruses. Using these sequences, we identify close relatives in approximately 20 arthropods, including insects, crustaceans, spiders, and a myriapod. Using a more conserved sequence from the putative polymerase, we further identify relatives in meta-transcriptomic datasets from gut, gill, and lung tissues of vertebrates, reflecting infections of vertebrates or of their associated parasites. Our data illustrate the utility of small RNAs to detect viruses with limited sequence conservation, and provide robust evidence for a new deeply divergent and phylogenetically distinct RNA virus lineage.
KW - metagenome
KW - RNA virus
KW - dark virus
KW - arthropod
KW - RNA interference
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/ve/vez061
SN - 2057-1577
VL - 6
IS - 1
SP - 1
EP - 10
PB - Oxford Univ. Press
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schittko, Conrad
A1 - Bernard-Verdier, Maud
A1 - Heger, Tina
A1 - Buchholz, Sascha
A1 - Kowarik, Ingo
A1 - von der Lippe, Moritz
A1 - Seitz, Birgit
A1 - Joshi, Jasmin Radha
A1 - Jeschke, Jonathan M.
T1 - A multidimensional framework for measuring biotic novelty: How novel is a community?
JF - Global Change Biology
N2 - Anthropogenic changes in climate, land use, and disturbance regimes, as well as introductions of non-native species can lead to the transformation of many ecosystems. The resulting novel ecosystems are usually characterized by species assemblages that have not occurred previously in a given area. Quantifying the ecological novelty of communities (i.e., biotic novelty) would enhance the understanding of environmental change. However, quantification remains challenging since current novelty metrics, such as the number and/or proportion of non-native species in a community, fall short of considering both functional and evolutionary aspects of biotic novelty. Here, we propose the Biotic Novelty Index (BNI), an intuitive and flexible multidimensional measure that combines (a) functional differences between native and non-native introduced species with (b) temporal dynamics of species introductions. We show that the BNI is an additive partition of Rao's quadratic entropy, capturing the novel interaction component of the community's functional diversity. Simulations show that the index varies predictably with the relative amount of functional novelty added by recently arrived species, and they illustrate the need to provide an additional standardized version of the index. We present a detailed R code and two applications of the BNI by (a) measuring changes of biotic novelty of dry grassland plant communities along an urbanization gradient in a metropolitan region and (b) determining the biotic novelty of plant species assemblages at a national scale. The results illustrate the applicability of the index across scales and its flexibility in the use of data of different quality. Both case studies revealed strong connections between biotic novelty and increasing urbanization, a measure of abiotic novelty. We conclude that the BNI framework may help building a basis for better understanding the ecological and evolutionary consequences of global change.
KW - alien species
KW - biological invasions
KW - coexistence
KW - ecological novelty
KW - functional diversity
KW - novel ecosystems
KW - novel species
KW - standard metrics
Y1 - 2019
VL - 26
IS - 8
PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CY - New Jersey
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Winkelbeiner, Nicola Lisa
A1 - Wandt, Viktoria Klara Veronika
A1 - Ebert, Franziska
A1 - Lossow, Kristina
A1 - Bankoglu, Ezgi E.
A1 - Martin, Maximilian
A1 - Mangerich, Aswin
A1 - Stopper, Helga
A1 - Bornhorst, Julia
A1 - Kipp, Anna Patricia
A1 - Schwerdtle, Tanja
T1 - A Multi-Endpoint Approach to Base Excision Repair Incision Activity Augmented by PARylation and DNA Damage Levels in Mice
BT - Impact of Sex and Age
JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
N2 - Investigation of processes that contribute to the maintenance of genomic stability is one crucial factor in the attempt to understand mechanisms that facilitate ageing. The DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair mechanisms are crucial to safeguard the integrity of DNA and to prevent accumulation of persistent DNA damage. Among them, base excision repair (BER) plays a decisive role. BER is the major repair pathway for small oxidative base modifications and apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites. We established a highly sensitive non-radioactive assay to measure BER incision activity in murine liver samples. Incision activity can be assessed towards the three DNA lesions 8-oxo-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), 5-hydroxy-2’-deoxyuracil (5-OHdU), and an AP site analogue. We applied the established assay to murine livers of adult and old mice of both sexes. Furthermore, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) was assessed, which is an important determinant in DDR and BER. Additionally, DNA damage levels were measured to examine the overall damage levels. No impact of ageing on the investigated endpoints in liver tissue were found. However, animal sex seems to be a significant impact factor, as evident by sex-dependent alterations in all endpoints investigated. Moreover, our results revealed interrelationships between the investigated endpoints indicative for the synergetic mode of action of the cellular DNA integrity maintaining machinery.
KW - maintenance of genomic integrity
KW - ageing
KW - sex
KW - DNA damage
KW - base excision repair (incision activity)
KW - DNA damage response
KW - poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation
KW - liver
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186600
SN - 1422-0067
VL - 21
IS - 18
PB - Molecular Diversity Preservation International
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hartung, Niklas
A1 - Borghardt, Jens Markus
T1 - A mechanistic framework for a priori pharmacokinetic predictions of orally inhaled drugs
JF - PLoS Computational Biology : a new community journal
N2 - Author summary
The use of orally inhaled drugs for treating lung diseases is appealing since they have the potential for lung selectivity, i.e. high exposure at the site of action -the lung- without excessive side effects. However, the degree of lung selectivity depends on a large number of factors, including physiochemical properties of drug molecules, patient disease state, and inhalation devices. To predict the impact of these factors on drug exposure and thereby to understand the characteristics of an optimal drug for inhalation, we develop a predictive mathematical framework (a "pharmacokinetic model"). In contrast to previous approaches, our model allows combining knowledge from different sources appropriately and its predictions were able to adequately predict different sets of clinical data. Finally, we compare the impact of different factors and find that the most important factors are the size of the inhaled particles, the affinity of the drug to the lung tissue, as well as the rate of drug dissolution in the lung. In contrast to the common belief, the solubility of a drug in the lining fluids is not found to be relevant. These findings are important to understand how inhaled drugs should be designed to achieve best treatment results in patients.
The fate of orally inhaled drugs is determined by pulmonary pharmacokinetic processes such as particle deposition, pulmonary drug dissolution, and mucociliary clearance. Even though each single process has been systematically investigated, a quantitative understanding on the interaction of processes remains limited and therefore identifying optimal drug and formulation characteristics for orally inhaled drugs is still challenging. To investigate this complex interplay, the pulmonary processes can be integrated into mathematical models. However, existing modeling attempts considerably simplify these processes or are not systematically evaluated against (clinical) data. In this work, we developed a mathematical framework based on physiologically-structured population equations to integrate all relevant pulmonary processes mechanistically. A tailored numerical resolution strategy was chosen and the mechanistic model was evaluated systematically against data from different clinical studies. Without adapting the mechanistic model or estimating kinetic parameters based on individual study data, the developed model was able to predict simultaneously (i) lung retention profiles of inhaled insoluble particles, (ii) particle size-dependent pharmacokinetics of inhaled monodisperse particles, (iii) pharmacokinetic differences between inhaled fluticasone propionate and budesonide, as well as (iv) pharmacokinetic differences between healthy volunteers and asthmatic patients. Finally, to identify the most impactful optimization criteria for orally inhaled drugs, the developed mechanistic model was applied to investigate the impact of input parameters on both the pulmonary and systemic exposure. Interestingly, the solubility of the inhaled drug did not have any relevant impact on the local and systemic pharmacokinetics. Instead, the pulmonary dissolution rate, the particle size, the tissue affinity, and the systemic clearance were the most impactful potential optimization parameters. In the future, the developed prediction framework should be considered a powerful tool for identifying optimal drug and formulation characteristics.
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008466
SN - 1553-734X
SN - 1553-7358
VL - 16
IS - 12
PB - PLoS
CY - San Fransisco
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Malem-Shinitski, Noa
A1 - Opper, Manfred
A1 - Reich, Sebastian
A1 - Schwetlick, Lisa
A1 - Seelig, Stefan A.
A1 - Engbert, Ralf
T1 - A mathematical model of local and global attention in natural scene viewing
JF - PLoS Computational Biology : a new community journal
N2 - Author summary
Switching between local and global attention is a general strategy in human information processing. We investigate whether this strategy is a viable approach to model sequences of fixations generated by a human observer in a free viewing task with natural scenes. Variants of the basic model are used to predict the experimental data based on Bayesian inference. Results indicate a high predictive power for both aggregated data and individual differences across observers. The combination of a novel model with state-of-the-art Bayesian methods lends support to our two-state model using local and global internal attention states for controlling eye movements.
Understanding the decision process underlying gaze control is an important question in cognitive neuroscience with applications in diverse fields ranging from psychology to computer vision. The decision for choosing an upcoming saccade target can be framed as a selection process between two states: Should the observer further inspect the information near the current gaze position (local attention) or continue with exploration of other patches of the given scene (global attention)? Here we propose and investigate a mathematical model motivated by switching between these two attentional states during scene viewing. The model is derived from a minimal set of assumptions that generates realistic eye movement behavior. We implemented a Bayesian approach for model parameter inference based on the model's likelihood function. In order to simplify the inference, we applied data augmentation methods that allowed the use of conjugate priors and the construction of an efficient Gibbs sampler. This approach turned out to be numerically efficient and permitted fitting interindividual differences in saccade statistics. Thus, the main contribution of our modeling approach is two-fold; first, we propose a new model for saccade generation in scene viewing. Second, we demonstrate the use of novel methods from Bayesian inference in the field of scan path modeling.
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007880
SN - 1553-734X
SN - 1553-7358
VL - 16
IS - 12
PB - PLoS
CY - San Fransisco
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - von Specht, Sebastian
A1 - Cotton, Fabrice
T1 - A link between machine learning and optimization in ground-motion model development
BT - weighted mixed-effects regression with data-driven probabilistic earthquake classification
JF - Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
N2 - The steady increase of ground-motion data not only allows new possibilities but also comes with new challenges in the development of ground-motion models (GMMs). Data classification techniques (e.g., cluster analysis) do not only produce deterministic classifications but also probabilistic classifications (e.g., probabilities for each datum to belong to a given class or cluster). One challenge is the integration of such continuous classification in regressions for GMM development such as the widely used mixed-effects model. We address this issue by introducing an extension of the mixed-effects model to incorporate data weighting. The parameter estimation of the mixed-effects model, that is, fixed-effects coefficients of the GMMs and the random-effects variances, are based on the weighted likelihood function, which also provides analytic uncertainty estimates. The data weighting permits for earthquake classification beyond the classical, expert-driven, binary classification based, for example, on event depth, distance to trench, style of faulting, and fault dip angle. We apply Angular Classification with Expectation-maximization, an algorithm to identify clusters of nodal planes from focal mechanisms to differentiate between, for example, interface- and intraslab-type events. Classification is continuous, that is, no event belongs completely to one class, which is taken into account in the ground-motion modeling. The theoretical framework described in this article allows for a fully automatic calibration of ground-motion models using large databases with automated classification and processing of earthquake and ground-motion data. As an example, we developed a GMM on the basis of the GMM by Montalva et al. (2017) with data from the strong-motion flat file of Bastias and Montalva (2016) with similar to 2400 records from 319 events in the Chilean subduction zone. Our GMM with the data-driven classification is comparable to the expert-classification-based model. Furthermore, the model shows temporal variations of the between-event residuals before and after large earthquakes in the region.
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1785/0120190133
SN - 0037-1106
SN - 1943-3573
VL - 110
IS - 6
SP - 2777
EP - 2800
PB - Seismological Society of America
CY - Albany
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Tiwari, Abhishek
A1 - Prakash, Jyoti
A1 - Groß, Sascha
A1 - Hammer, Christian
T1 - A large scale analysis of Android
BT - Web hybridization
JF - The journal of systems and software
N2 - Many Android applications embed webpages via WebView components and execute JavaScript code within Android. Hybrid applications leverage dedicated APIs to load a resource and render it in a WebView. Furthermore, Android objects can be shared with the JavaScript world. However, bridging the interfaces of the Android and JavaScript world might also incur severe security threats: Potentially untrusted webpages and their JavaScript might interfere with the Android environment and its access to native features.
No general analysis is currently available to assess the implications of such hybrid apps bridging the two worlds. To understand the semantics and effects of hybrid apps, we perform a large-scale study on the usage of the hybridization APIs in the wild. We analyze and categorize the parameters to hybridization APIs for 7,500 randomly selected and the 196 most popular applications from the Google Playstore as well as 1000 malware samples. Our results advance the general understanding of hybrid applications, as well as implications for potential program analyses, and the current security situation: We discovered thousands of flows of sensitive data from Android to JavaScript, the vast majority of which could flow to potentially untrustworthy code. Our analysis identified numerous web pages embedding vulnerabilities, which we exemplarily exploited. Additionally, we discovered a multitude of applications in which potentially untrusted JavaScript code may interfere with (trusted) Android objects, both in benign and malign applications.
KW - Android hybrid apps
KW - static analysis
KW - information flow control
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2020.110775
SN - 0164-1212
SN - 1873-1228
VL - 170
PB - Elsevier
CY - New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Zhang, Youjun
A1 - Chen, Moxian
A1 - Siemiatkowska, Beata
A1 - Toleco, Mitchell Rey
A1 - Jing, Yue
A1 - Strotmann, Vivien
A1 - Zhang, Jianghua
A1 - Stahl, Yvonne
A1 - Fernie, Alisdair R.
T1 - A highly efficient agrobacterium-mediated method for transient gene expression and functional studies in multiple plant species
JF - Plant Communications
N2 - Although the use of stable transformation technology has led to great insight into gene function, its application in high-throughput studies remains arduous. Agro-infiltration have been widely used in species such as Nicotiana benthamiana for the rapid detection of gene expression and protein interaction analysis, but this technique does not work efficiently in other plant species, including Arabidopsis thaliana. As an efficient high-throughput transient expression system is currently lacking in the model plant species A. thaliana, we developed a method that is characterized by high efficiency, reproducibility, and suitability for transient expression of a variety of functional proteins in A. thaliana and 7 other plant species, including Brassica oleracea, Capsella rubella, Thellungiella salsuginea, Thellungiella halophila, Solanum tuberosum, Capsicum annuum, and N. benthamiana. Efficiency of this method was independently verified in three independent research facilities, pointing to the robustness of this technique. Furthermore, in addition to demonstrating the utility of this technique in a range of species, we also present a case study employing this method to assess protein-protein interactions in the sucrose biosynthesis pathway in Arabidopsis.
KW - transient expression
KW - agro-infiltration
KW - subcellular localization
KW - protein-protein interaction
Y1 - 2019
SN - 2590-3462
VL - 1
IS - 5
PB - Science Direct
CY - New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fischer, Eric W.
A1 - Werther, Michael
A1 - Bouakline, Foudhil
A1 - Saalfrank, Peter
T1 - A hierarchical effective mode approach to phonon-driven multilevel vibrational relaxation dynamics at surfaces
JF - The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistry
N2 - We discuss an efficient Hierarchical Effective Mode (HEM) representation of a high-dimensional harmonic oscillator bath, which describes phonon-driven vibrational relaxation of an adsorbate-surface system, namely, deuterium adsorbed on Si(100). Starting from the original Hamiltonian of the adsorbate-surface system, the HEM representation is constructed via iterative orthogonal transformations, which are efficiently implemented with Householder matrices. The detailed description of the HEM representation and its construction are given in the second quantization representation. The hierarchical nature of this representation allows access to the exact quantum dynamics of the adsorbate-surface system over finite time intervals, controllable via the truncation order of the hierarchy. To study the convergence properties of the effective mode representation, we solve the time-dependent Schrodinger equation of the truncated system-bath HEM Hamiltonian, with the help of the multilayer extension of the Multiconfigurational Time-Dependent Hartree (ML-MCTDH) method. The results of the HEM representation are compared with those obtained with a quantum-mechanical tier-model. The convergence of the HEM representation with respect to the truncation order of the hierarchy is discussed for different initial conditions of the adsorbate-surface system. The combination of the HEM representation with the ML-MCTDH method provides information on the time evolution of the system (adsorbate) and multiple effective modes of the bath (surface). This permits insight into mechanisms of vibration-phonon coupling of the adsorbate-surface system, as well as inter-mode couplings of the effective bath.
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0017716
SN - 0021-9606
SN - 1089-7690
VL - 153
IS - 6
PB - American Institute of Physics
CY - Melville
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hartlieb, Matthias
A1 - Mansfield, Edward D. H.
A1 - Perrier, Sebastien
T1 - A guide to supramolecular polymerizations
JF - Polymer Chemistry
N2 - Supramolecular polymers or fibers are non-covalent assemblies of unimeric building blocks connected by secondary interactions such as hydrogen bonds or pi-pi interactions. Such structures hold enormous potential in the development of future materials, as their non-covalent nature makes them highly modular and adaptive. Within this review we aim to provide a broad overview over the area of linear supramolecular polymers including the different mechanisms of their polymerization as well as methods essential for their characterization. The different non-covalent interactions able to form supramolecular polymers are discussed, and key examples for each species are shown. Particular emphasis is laid on the development of living supramolecular polymerization able to produce fibers with a controlled length and low length dispersity, and even enable the production of supramolecular block copolymers. Another important and very recent field is the development of out-of-equilibrium supramolecular polymers, where the polymerization process can be temporally controlled enabling access to highly adaptive materials.
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c9py01342c
SN - 1759-9954
SN - 1759-9962
VL - 11
IS - 6
SP - 1083
EP - 1110
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY - Cambridge
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Weatherill, Graeme
A1 - Cotton, Fabrice
T1 - A ground motion logic tree for seismic hazard analysis in the stable cratonic region of Europe
BT - regionalisation, model selection and development of a scaled backbone approach
JF - Bulletin of earthquake engineering : official publication of the European Association for Earthquake Engineering
N2 - Regions of low seismicity present a particular challenge for probabilistic seismic hazard analysis when identifying suitable ground motion models (GMMs) and quantifying their epistemic uncertainty. The 2020 European Seismic Hazard Model adopts a scaled backbone approach to characterise this uncertainty for shallow seismicity in Europe, incorporating region-to-region source and attenuation variability based on European strong motion data. This approach, however, may not be suited to stable cratonic region of northeastern Europe (encompassing Finland, Sweden and the Baltic countries), where exploration of various global geophysical datasets reveals that its crustal properties are distinctly different from the rest of Europe, and are instead more closely represented by those of the Central and Eastern United States. Building upon the suite of models developed by the recent NGA East project, we construct a new scaled backbone ground motion model and calibrate its corresponding epistemic uncertainties. The resulting logic tree is shown to provide comparable hazard outcomes to the epistemic uncertainty modelling strategy adopted for the Eastern United States, despite the different approaches taken. Comparison with previous GMM selections for northeastern Europe, however, highlights key differences in short period accelerations resulting from new assumptions regarding the characteristics of the reference rock and its influence on site amplification.
KW - ground motion models
KW - stable craton
KW - regionalisation
KW - epistemic
KW - uncertainty
KW - Europe
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-020-00940-x
SN - 1570-761X
SN - 1573-1456
VL - 18
IS - 14
SP - 6119
EP - 6148
PB - Springer Science + Business Media B.V.
CY - Dordrecht
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Reeg, Jette
A1 - Heine, Simon
A1 - Mihan, Christine
A1 - McGee, Sean
A1 - Preuss, Thomas G.
A1 - Jeltsch, Florian
T1 - A graphical user interface for the plant community model IBC-grass
JF - Plos One
N2 - Plants located adjacent to agricultural fields are important for maintaining biodiversity in semi-natural landscapes. To avoid undesired impacts on these plants due to herbicide application on the arable fields, regulatory risk assessments are conducted prior to registration to ensure proposed uses of plant protection products do not present an unacceptable risk. The current risk assessment approach for these non-target terrestrial plants (NTTPs) examines impacts at the individual-level as a surrogate approach for protecting the plant community due to the inherent difficulties of directly assessing population or community level impacts. However, modelling approaches are suitable higher tier tools to upscale individual-level effects to community level. IBC-grass is a sophisticated plant community model, which has already been applied in several studies. However, as it is a console application software, it was not deemed sufficiently user-friendly for risk managers and assessors to be conveniently operated without prior expertise in ecological models. Here, we present a user-friendly and open source graphical user interface (GUI) for the application of IBC-grass in regulatory herbicide risk assessment. It facilitates the use of the plant community model for predicting long-term impacts of herbicide applications on NTTP communities. The GUI offers two options to integrate herbicide impacts: (1) dose responses based on current standard experiments (acc. to testing guidelines) and (2) based on specific effect intensities. Both options represent suitable higher tier options for future risk assessments of NTTPs as well as for research on the ecological relevance of effects.
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230012
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 15
IS - 3
PB - Plos 1
CY - San Francisco
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Zass, Alexander
T1 - A Gibbs point process of diffusions: Existence and uniqueness
JF - Lectures in pure and applied mathematics
KW - random point processes
KW - statistical mechanics
KW - stochastic analysis
Y1 - 2020
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-471951
SN - 978-3-86956-485-2
SN - 2199-4951
SN - 2199-496X
IS - 6
SP - 13
EP - 22
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jarecki, Jana B.
A1 - Tan, Jolene H.
A1 - Jenny, Mirjam
T1 - A framework for building cognitive process models
JF - Psychonomic bulletin & review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society
N2 - The termprocess modelis widely used, but rarely agreed upon. This paper proposes a framework for characterizing and building cognitive process models. Process models model not only inputs and outputs but also model the ongoing information transformations at a given level of abstraction. We argue that the following dimensions characterize process models: They have a scope that includes different levels of abstraction. They specify a hypothesized mental information transformation. They make predictions not only for the behavior of interest but also for processes. The models' predictions for the processes can be derived from the input, without reverse inference from the output data. Moreover, the presumed information transformation steps are not contradicting current knowledge of human cognitive capacities. Lastly, process models require a conceptual scope specifying levels of abstraction for the information entering the mind, the proposed mental events, and the behavior of interest. This framework can be used for refining models before testing them or after testing them empirically, and it does not rely on specific modeling paradigms. It can be a guideline for developing cognitive process models. Moreover, the framework can advance currently unresolved debates about which models belong to the category of process models.
KW - cognitive process model
KW - cognitive model
KW - computational model
KW - definitions
KW - Marr's levels
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-020-01747-2
SN - 1069-9384
SN - 1531-5320
VL - 27
IS - 6
SP - 1218
EP - 1229
PB - Springer
CY - New York, NY
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Xiao, Shangbin
A1 - Liu, Liu
A1 - Wang, Wei
A1 - Lorke, Andreas
A1 - Woodhouse, Jason Nicholas
A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter
T1 - A Fast-Response Automated Gas Equilibrator (FaRAGE) for continuous in situ measurement of CH4 and CO2 dissolved in water
JF - Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS
N2 - Biogenic greenhouse gas emissions, e.g., of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from inland waters, contribute substantially to global warming. In aquatic systems, dissolved greenhouse gases are highly heterogeneous in both space and time. To better understand the biological and physical processes that affect sources and sinks of both CH4 and CO2, their dissolved concentrations need to be measured with high spatial and temporal resolution. To achieve this goal, we developed the Fast-Response Automated Gas Equilibrator (FaRAGE) for real-time in situ measurement of dissolved CH4 and CO2 concentrations at the water surface and in the water column. FaRAGE can achieve an exceptionally short response time (t(95%) = 12 s when including the response time of the gas analyzer) while retaining an equilibration ratio of 62.6% and a measurement accuracy of 0.5% for CH4. A similar performance was observed for dissolved CO2 (t(95%) = 10 s, equilibration ratio 67.1 %). An equilibration ratio as high as 91.8% can be reached at the cost of a slightly increased response time (16 s). The FaRAGE is capable of continuously measuring dissolved CO2 and CH4 concentrations in the nM-to-submM (10(-9)-10(-3) mol L-1) range with a detection limit of subnM (10(-10) mol L-1), when coupling with a cavity ring-down greenhouse gas analyzer (Picarro GasScouter). FaRAGE allows for the possibility of mapping dissolved concentration in a "quasi" three-dimensional manner in lakes and provides an inexpensive alternative to other commercial gas equilibrators. It is simple to operate and suitable for continuous monitoring with a strong tolerance for suspended particles. While the FaRAGE is developed for inland waters, it can be also applied to ocean waters by tuning the gas-water mixing ratio. The FaRAGE is easily adapted to suit other gas analyzers expanding the range of potential applications, including nitrous oxide and isotopic composition of the gases.
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3871-2020
SN - 1027-5606
SN - 1607-7938
VL - 24
IS - 7
SP - 3871
EP - 3880
PB - European Geosciences Union (EGU) ; Copernicus
CY - Munich
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Lass, Sander
A1 - Gronau, Norbert
T1 - A factory operating system for extending existing factories to Industry 4.0
JF - Computers in industry : an international, application oriented research journal
N2 - Cyber-physical systems (CPS) have shaped the discussion about Industry 4.0 (I4.0) for some time. To ensure the competitiveness of manufacturing enterprises the vision for the future figures out cyber-physical production systems (CPPS) as a core component of a modern factory. Adaptability and coping with complexity are (among others) potentials of this new generation of production management. The successful transformation of this theoretical construct into practical implementation can only take place with regard to the conditions characterizing the context of a factory. The subject of this contribution is a concept that takes up the brownfield character and describes a solution for extending existing (legacy) systems with CPS capabilities.
KW - Factory operating system
KW - CPPS
KW - CPS
KW - Decentralized production control
KW - Industry 4.0
KW - retrofit
Y1 - 2019
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2019.103128
SN - 0166-3615
SN - 1872-6194
VL - 115
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kaitoua, Abdulrahman
A1 - Rabl, Tilmann
A1 - Markl, Volker
T1 - A distributed data exchange engine for polystores
JF - Information technology : methods and applications of informatics and information technology
JF - Information technology : Methoden und innovative Anwendungen der Informatik und Informationstechnik
N2 - There is an increasing interest in fusing data from heterogeneous sources. Combining data sources increases the utility of existing datasets, generating new information and creating services of higher quality. A central issue in working with heterogeneous sources is data migration: In order to share and process data in different engines, resource intensive and complex movements and transformations between computing engines, services, and stores are necessary.
Muses is a distributed, high-performance data migration engine that is able to interconnect distributed data stores by forwarding, transforming, repartitioning, or broadcasting data among distributed engines' instances in a resource-, cost-, and performance-adaptive manner. As such, it performs seamless information sharing across all participating resources in a standard, modular manner. We show an overall improvement of 30 % for pipelining jobs across multiple engines, even when we count the overhead of Muses in the execution time. This performance gain implies that Muses can be used to optimise large pipelines that leverage multiple engines.
KW - distributed systems
KW - data migration
KW - data transformation
KW - big data
KW - engine
KW - data integration
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/itit-2019-0037
SN - 1611-2776
SN - 2196-7032
VL - 62
IS - 3-4
SP - 145
EP - 156
PB - De Gruyter
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Al-Saedy, Ammar Jaffar Muhesin
A1 - Tarchanov, Nikolaj Nikolaevič
T1 - A degree theory for Lagrangian boundary value problems
JF - Žurnal Sibirskogo Federalʹnogo Universiteta = Journal of Siberian Federal University; mathematics & physics
N2 - We study those nonlinear partial differential equations which appear as Euler-Lagrange equations of variational problems. On defining weak boundary values of solutions to such equations we initiate the theory of Lagrangian boundary value problems in spaces of appropriate smoothness. We also analyse if the concept of mapping degree of current importance applies to Lagrangian problems.
N2 - Мы изучаем те нелинейные уравнения с частными производными, которые возникают как уравнения Эйлера-Лагранжа вариационных задач. Определяя слабые граничные значения решений таких уравнений, мы инициируем теорию лагранжевых краевых задач в функциональных пространствах подходящей гладкости. Мы также анализируем, применяется ли современная концепция степени отображения к лагранжевым проблемам.
KW - nonlinear equations
KW - Lagrangian system
KW - weak boundary values
KW - quasilinear Fredholm operators
KW - mapping degree
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.17516/1997-1397-2020-13-1-5-25
SN - 1997-1397
SN - 2313-6022
VL - 13
IS - 1
SP - 5
EP - 25
PB - Sibirskij Federalʹnyj Universitet
CY - Krasnojarsk
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Brill, Fabio Alexander
A1 - Passuni Pineda, Silvia
A1 - Espichan Cuya, Bruno
A1 - Kreibich, Heidi
T1 - A data-mining approach towards damage modelling for El Nino events in Peru
JF - Geomatics, natural hazards and risk
N2 - Compound natural hazards likeEl Ninoevents cause high damage to society, which to manage requires reliable risk assessments. Damage modelling is a prerequisite for quantitative risk estimations, yet many procedures still rely on expert knowledge, and empirical studies investigating damage from compound natural hazards hardly exist. A nationwide building survey in Peru after theEl Ninoevent 2017 - which caused intense rainfall, ponding water, flash floods and landslides - enables us to apply data-mining methods for statistical groundwork, using explanatory features generated from remote sensing products and open data. We separate regions of different dominant characteristics through unsupervised clustering, and investigate feature importance rankings for classifying damage via supervised machine learning. Besides the expected effect of precipitation, the classification algorithms select the topographic wetness index as most important feature, especially in low elevation areas. The slope length and steepness factor ranks high for mountains and canyons. Partial dependence plots further hint at amplified vulnerability in rural areas. An example of an empirical damage probability map, developed with a random forest model, is provided to demonstrate the technical feasibility.
KW - Natural hazard
KW - damage model
KW - residential buildings
KW - data-mining
KW - remote
KW - sensing
KW - open data
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2020.1818636
SN - 1947-5705
SN - 1947-5713
VL - 11
IS - 1
SP - 1966
EP - 1990
PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY - Abingdon
ER -