TY - JOUR A1 - Tamás, Máté T1 - “Moses Lackenbacher & Compagnie:” BT - Business and kinship in the early 19th-century Habsburg monarchy JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien = Transformative Translations in Jewish History and Culture N2 - In 1810, Moses Lackenbacher, together with two of his children, Israel and Heinrich, and Moses Löwenstein created the company “Moses Lackenbacher & Compagnie” with headquarters in Nagykanizsa and a branch in Vienna. The main profile of the company was army purveyance. The business activity resulted in a high spatial mobility which led to socio-cultural acculturation and conversions to Christianity within the kinship. This paper explores the connection between kinship and the operation of the company on the basis of the prominent yet little-researched Lackenbachers in the early 19th-century Habsburg Monarchy. Central questions are how the relatives organized a company during the Napoleonic wars, as well as the impact of operating a business; how familial bonds and kinship links were affected, and, in this context, how relatives together evolved into a multi-religious network of kinship. Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-485642 SN - 978-3-86956-493-7 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 VL - 2020 IS - 26 SP - 75 EP - 88 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hadad, Yemima T1 - “Ich Habe Nicht Geantwortet” BT - Hermeneutics of secrecy, religious silence, and Dialogvergessenheit in Martin Buber’s exchange with Franz Rosenzweig about Halakhah JF - Naharaim : Zeitschrift für deutsch-jüdische Literatur und Kulturgeschichte (Journal of German-Jewish Literature and Cultural History) N2 - The exchange between Martin Buber and Franz Rosenzweig on the status of halakha is a well known, but also frustrating fixture in scholarship. For rather than responding to Rosenzweig’s critique, Buber seems to retreat in silence, claiming to be “unable to speak” about his position on Jewish Law. Scholars have generally tried to explain Buber’s failure to respond on philosophical and biographical grounds. What I propose, by contrast, is to revisit the question of Buber’s silence and secrecy from a hermeneutical standpoint, arguing that Buber engaged in a deliberate strategy of concealment that constituted its own form of response. The hermeneutics of silence discloses a call for religious renewal that follows a state of Dialogvergessenheit, but which cannot be made audible. Neither dialogue nor its remembrance can be commanded. While Buber struggles with his Nichtredenkönnen, he also stands in a tradition of secretive hermeneutics – the Jewish hermeneutics of sod. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/naha-2019-0015 SN - 1862-9156 SN - 1862-9148 VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 103 EP - 132 PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ungelenk, Johannes T1 - Émile Zola’s Climate History of the Second Empire JF - Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment N2 - This article looks at Émile Zola’s novel cycle Les Rougon-Macquart and argues that it describes its subject, the Second Empire, as a warming climate tending toward climate catastrophe. Zola’s affinity to the notion of climate is shown to be linked to his poetic employment of the concept of ‘milieu’, inspired by Hippolyte Taine. Close readings of selected passages from the Rougon-Macquart are used to work out the climatic difference between ‘the old’ and ‘the new Paris’, and the process of warming that characterises the Second Empire. Octave Mouret’s department store holds a special place in the article, as it is analysed through what the article suggests calling a ‘meteorotopos’: a location of intensified climatic conditions that accounts for an increased interaction between human and non-human actors. The department store is also one of the many sites in the novel cycle that locally prefigure the ‘global’ climate catastrophe of Paris burning, in which the Second Empire perishes. N2 - El artículo hace una lectura del ciclo de novelas Les Rougon-Macquart y argumenta que describe su sujeto, el Segundo Imperio, como un clima que se calienta y se dirige hacia una catástrofe climática. La afinidad de Zola con la noción de clima está expuesta en la connexion con su uso poetológico del concepto de ‘milieu’, inspirado en Hippolyte Taine. El artículo hace una lectura detallada de Rougon-Macquart para diferenciar entre la “vieja” y la “nueva París” y el proceso de calentamiento que caracteriza al Segundo Imperio. El gran almacén de Octave Mouret tiene un lugar protagónico en el artículo, por medio de su análisis se propone el concepto “meteorotopos”: una locación con unas condiciones climáticas intensificadas, que da cuenta de una elevada interacción entre actors humanos y no-humanos. El almacén es uno de varios espacios en el ciclo de novelas que prefiguran localmente la situación en la que el Segundo Imperio perece: la catástrofe ‘global’ de París en llamas. KW - Rougon-Marcquart KW - climate KW - milieu KW - Hippolyte Taine KW - global warming Y1 - 2020 UR - http://ecozona.eu/article/view/3181/4137 U6 - https://doi.org/10.37536/ECOZONA.2020.11.1.3181 SN - 2171-9594 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 9 EP - 26 PB - Alcalá de Henares CY - Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Estudios Norteamericanos "Benjamín Franklin", Universidad de Alcalá ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Figari, Rodolfo A1 - Teta, Alessandro T1 - Zero-range hamiltonians for three quantum particles JF - Lectures in pure and applied mathematics KW - random point processes KW - statistical mechanics KW - stochastic analysis Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-472189 SN - 978-3-86956-485-2 SN - 2199-4951 SN - 2199-496X IS - 6 SP - 175 EP - 184 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Behzadnia, Ali A1 - Rad, Mehdi Mehrani T1 - Young children’s activity involvement and responses to yes/no questions JF - Journal of psycholinguistic research N2 - In the present study, we investigated younger and older Persian preschoolers' response tendency and accuracy toward yes/no questions about a coloring activity. Overall, 107 three- to four-year-olds and five- to six-year-old children were asked positive and negative yes/no questions about a picture coloring activity. The questions focused on three question contents namely, actions, environment and person. As for children's response tendency, they showed a compliance tendency. That is, they provided yes and no responses to positively and negatively formed questions respectively. Children especially younger ones were more compliant toward positive questions and their tendency decreased by age. In addition, the results revealed children's highest rate of compliance tendency toward environment inquiries. Concerning response accuracy, the effects of age and question content were significant. Specifically, older children provided more accurate responses than their younger counterparts, especially to yes/no questions asked about the actions performed during the activity. The findings suggest that depending on the format and the content of yes/no questions younger and older children's response accuracy and tendency differ. KW - compliance tendency KW - response accuracy KW - suggestibility KW - yes KW - no KW - questions KW - young children Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-019-09685-4 SN - 0090-6905 SN - 1573-6555 VL - 49 IS - 3 SP - 401 EP - 414 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kalczewiak, Mariusz T1 - Yiddish Buenos Aires and the struggle to leave the margins JF - East European Jewish affairs N2 - Yiddish culture developed in Argentina within the context of a self-perception that figured Buenos Aires as a marginal and peripheral locale on the global Yiddish map. Against this backdrop, Argentine Yiddish culturalists argued for the strengthening of local Yiddish culture with a goal of elevating Buenos Aires's status within the international hierarchies of Yiddish culture. Buenos Aires indeed emerged in the 1920s as a producer of Yiddish cultural contents, maintained networks of international cultural contacts with other Yiddish centers, financially supported Eastern European Yiddish establishments, and hoped that these contacts would allow for solving Buenos Aires reputation problems. The pre-World War II preoccupation with the status of Buenos Aires as a center of Yiddish culture provided a basis upon which post-Holocaust discourse of Argentine Jewish responsibility for the maintenance of Yiddish culture was constructed. KW - Argentina KW - Buenos Aires KW - marginality KW - peripherality KW - Yiddish culturalism Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13501674.2020.1774275 SN - 1350-1674 SN - 1743-971X VL - 50 IS - 1-2 SP - 115 EP - 133 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Poppenhäger, Katja A1 - Ketzer, Laura A1 - Mallonn, Matthias T1 - X-ray irradiation and evaporation of the four young planets around V1298 Tau JF - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society N2 - Planets around young stars are thought to undergo atmospheric evaporation due to the high magnetic activity of the host stars. Here we report on X-ray observations of V1298 Tau, a young star with four transiting exoplanets. We use X-ray observations of the host star with Chandra and ROSAT to measure the current high-energy irradiation level of the planets and employ a model for the stellar activity evolution together with exoplanetary mass-loss to estimate the possible evolution of the planets. We find that V1298 Tau is X-ray bright with log L-X [erg s(-1)] = 30.1 and has a mean coronal temperature of approximate to 9 MK. This places the star amongst the more X-ray luminous ones at this stellar age. We estimate the radiation-driven mass-loss of the exoplanets and find that it depends sensitively on the possible evolutionary spin-down tracks of the star as well as on the current planetary densities. Assuming the planets are of low density due to their youth, we find that the innermost two planets can lose significant parts of their gaseous envelopes and could be evaporated down to their rocky cores depending on the stellar spin evolution. However, if the planets are heavier and follow the mass-radius relation of older planets, then even in the highest XUV irradiation scenario none of the planets is expected to cross the radius gap into the rocky regime until the system reaches an age of 5 Gyr. KW - planets and satellites: atmospheres KW - planet-star interactions KW - stars: activity KW - stars: individual: V1298 Tau KW - X-rays: stars Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1462 SN - 0035-8711 SN - 1365-2966 VL - 500 IS - 4 SP - 4560 EP - 4572 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Soemer, Alexander A1 - Schiefele, Ulrich T1 - Working memory capacity and (in)voluntary mind wandering JF - Psychonomic bulletin & review : a journal of the Psychonomic Society N2 - According to influential accounts of mind wandering (MW), working memory capacity (WMC) plays a key role in controlling the amount of off-task thought during the execution of a demanding task. Whereas WMC has primarily been associated with reduced levels of involuntarily occurring MW episodes in prior research, here we demonstrate for the first time that high-WMC individuals exhibit lower levels of voluntary MW. One hundred and eighty participants carried out a demanding reading task and reported their attentional state in response to random thought probes. In addition, participants' WMC was measured with two common complex span tasks (operation span and symmetry span). As a result, WMC was negatively related to both voluntary and involuntary MW, and the two forms of MW partially mediated the positive effect of WMC on reading performance. Furthermore, the negative relation between voluntary WM and reading remained significant after controlling for interest. Thus, in contrast to prior research suggesting that voluntary MW might be more closely related to motivation rather than WMC, the present results demonstrate that high-WMC individuals tend to limit both involuntary and voluntary MW more strictly than low-WMC individuals. KW - mind wandering KW - intention KW - working memory KW - executive control Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-020-01737-4 SN - 1069-9384 SN - 1531-5320 VL - 27 IS - 4 SP - 758 EP - 767 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Busching, Robert A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - With a little help from their peers BT - the impact of classmates on JF - Journal of youth and adolescence : a multidisciplinary research publication N2 - Peer groups are critical socialization agents for the development of social behavior in adolescence, but studies examining peer-group effects on individuals' prosocial behavior are scarce. Using a two-wave, multilevel data set (N = 16,893, 8481 male; 8412 female; mean age at Time 1: 14.0 years) from 1308 classes in 252 secondary schools in Germany, main effects of the classroom level of prosocial behavior, cross-level interactions between the classroom and the individual levels of prosocial behavior at Time 1, and the moderating role of gender were examined. The results showed that adolescents in classrooms with high collective levels of prosocial behavior at Time 1 reported more prosocial behavior at Time 2, about two years later, reflecting a class-level main effect. A significant cross-level interaction indicated that a high classroom level of prosocial behavior particularly affected individuals with lower levels of prosocial behavior at Time 1. The influence of same-gender peers was larger compared with opposite-gender peers. The findings are discussed with respect to social learning mechanisms in the development of prosocial behavior and their implications for interventions to promote prosocial behavior. KW - prosocial behavior KW - adolescence KW - development KW - gender KW - longitudinal KW - multilevel Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-020-01260-8 SN - 0047-2891 SN - 1573-6601 VL - 49 IS - 9 SP - 1849 EP - 1863 PB - Springer Science CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meyer, Dominique M.-A. A1 - Petrov, Mykola A1 - Pohl, Martin T1 - Wind nebulae and supernova remnants of very massive stars JF - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society N2 - A very small fraction of (runaway) massive stars have masses exceeding 60-70 M-circle dot and are predicted to evolve as luminous blue variable and Wolf-Rayet stars before ending their lives as core-collapse supernovae. Our 2D axisymmetric hydrodynamical simulations explore how a fast wind (2000 km s(-1)) and high mass-loss rate (10(-5)M(circle dot) yr(-1)) can impact the morphology of the circumstellar medium. It is shaped as 100 pc-scale wind nebula that can be pierced by the driving star when it supersonically moves with velocity 20-40 km s(-1) through the interstellar medium (ISM) in the Galactic plane. The motion of such runaway stars displaces the position of the supernova explosion out of their bow shock nebula, imposing asymmetries to the eventual shock wave expansion and engendering Cygnus-loop-like supernova remnants. We conclude that the size (up to more than 200 pc) of the filamentary wind cavity in which the chemically enriched supernova ejecta expand, mixing efficiently the wind and ISM materials by at least 10 per cent in number density, can be used as a tracer of the runaway nature of the very massive progenitors of such 0.1Myr old remnants. Our results motivate further observational campaigns devoted to the bow shock of the very massive stars BD+43 degrees 3654 and to the close surroundings of the synchrotron-emitting Wolf-Rayet shell G2.4+1.4. KW - shock waves KW - methods: numerical KW - circumstellar matter KW - stars: massive Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa554 SN - 0035-8711 SN - 1365-2966 VL - 493 IS - 3 SP - 3548 EP - 3564 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werger, Luise A1 - Bergmann, Joana A1 - Weber, Ewald A1 - Heinze, Johannes T1 - Wind intensity affects fine root morphological traits with consequences for plant-soil feedback effects JF - Annals of Botany Plants N2 - Wind influences the development, architecture and morphology of plant roots and may modify subsequent interactions between plants and soil (plant–soil feedbacks—PSFs). However, information on wind effects on fine root morphology is scarce and the extent to which wind changes plant–soil interactions remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of two wind intensity levels by manipulating surrounding vegetation height in a grassland PSF field experiment. We grew four common plant species (two grasses and two non-leguminous forbs) with soil biota either previously conditioned by these or other species and tested the effect of wind on root:shoot ratio, fine root morphological traits as well as the outcome for PSFs. Wind intensity did not affect biomass allocation (i.e. root:shoot ratio) in any species. However, fine-root morphology of all species changed under high wind intensity. High wind intensity increased specific root length and surface area and decreased root tissue density, especially in the two grasses. Similarly, the direction of PSFs changed under high wind intensity in all four species, but differences in biomass production on the different soils between high and low wind intensity were marginal and most pronounced when comparing grasses with forbs. Because soils did not differ in plant-available nor total nutrient content, the results suggest that wind-induced changes in root morphology have the potential to influence plant–soil interactions. Linking wind-induced changes in fine-root morphology to effects on PSF improves our understanding of plant–soil interactions under changing environmental conditions. KW - Wind KW - root traits KW - root morphology KW - specific root length KW - plant–soil feedback Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plaa050 SN - 2041-2851 VL - 12 IS - 5 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ette, Ottmar ED - Spies, Paul ED - Tintemann, Ute ED - Mende, Jan T1 - Wilhelm & Alexander von Humboldt or: Humboldtian Science JF - Wilhelm und Alexander von Humboldt - Berlin Cosmos T2 - Wilhelm & Alexander von Humboldt oder: Die Humboldtsche Wissenschaft Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-3-86832-559-1 SP - 19 EP - 23 PB - Wienand CY - Köln ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cook, Kristen L. A1 - Turowski, Jens M. A1 - Hovius, Niels T1 - Width control on event-scale deposition and evacuation of sediment in bedrock-confined channels JF - Earth surface processes and landforms : the journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group N2 - In mixed bedrock-alluvial rivers, the response of the system to a flood event can be affected by a number of factors, including coarse sediment availability in the channel, sediment supply from the hillslopes and upstream, flood sequencing and coarse sediment grain size distribution. However, the impact of along-stream changes in channel width on bedload transport dynamics remains largely unexplored. We combine field data, theory and numerical modelling to address this gap. First, we present observations from the Daan River gorge in western Taiwan, where the river flows through a 1 km long 20-50 m wide bedrock gorge bounded upstream and downstream by wide braidplains. We documented two flood events during which coarse sediment evacuation and redeposition appear to cause changes of up to several metres in channel bed elevation. Motivated by this case study, we examined the relationships between discharge, channel width and bedload transport capacity, and show that for a given slope narrow channels transport bedload more efficiently than wide ones at low discharges, whereas wider channels are more efficient at high discharges. We used the model sedFlow to explore this effect, running a random sequence of floods through a channel with a narrow gorge section bounded upstream and downstream by wider reaches. Channel response to imposed floods is complex, as high and low discharges drive different spatial patterns of erosion and deposition, and the channel may experience both of these regimes during the peak and recession periods of each flood. Our modelling suggests that width differences alone can drive substantial variations in sediment flux and bed response, without the need for variations in sediment supply or mobility. The fluctuations in sediment transport rates that result from width variations can lead to intermittent bed exposure, driving incision in different segments of the channel during different portions of the hydrograph. KW - bedload transport KW - discharge variability KW - bedrock-alluvial channels KW - channel width KW - hysteresis Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4993 SN - 0197-9337 SN - 1096-9837 VL - 45 IS - 14 SP - 3702 EP - 3713 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fischer, Caroline A1 - Schott, Carina T1 - Why people enter and stay in public service careers BT - the role of parental socialization and an interest in politics JF - International review of administrative sciences : an international journal of comparative public administration N2 - This article examines the effect of parental socialization and interest in politics on entering and staying in public service careers. We incorporate two related explanations, yet commonly used in different fields of literature, to explain public sector choice. First, following social learning theory, we hypothesize that parents serve as role models and thereby affect their children's sector choice. Additionally, we test the hypothesis that parental socialization leads to a longer stay in public sector jobs while assuming that it serves as a buffer against turnover. Second, following public service motivation process theory, we expect that 'interest in politics' is influenced by parental socialization and that this concept, in turn, leads to a public sector career. A representative set of longitudinal data from the Swiss household panel (1999-2014) was used to analyse these hypotheses (n = 2,933, N = 37,328). The results indicate that parental socialization serves as a stronger predictor of public sector choice than an interest in politics. Furthermore, people with parents working in the public sector tend to stay longer in their public sector jobs. Points for practitioners For practitioners, the results of this study are relevant as they highlight the limited usefulness of addressing job applicants' interest in politics in the recruitment process. Human resources managers who want to ensure a public-service-motivated workforce are therefore advised to focus on human resources activities that stimulate public service motivation after job entry. We also advise close interaction between universities and public organizations so that students develop a realistic picture of the government as a future employer and do not experience a 'reality shock' after job entry. KW - human resources management KW - panel analysis KW - public sector choice KW - public KW - service motivation KW - socialization Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852319886913 SN - 0020-8523 SN - 1461-7226 VL - 88 IS - 1 SP - 59 EP - 75 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beta, Carsten A1 - Gov, Nir S. A1 - Yochelis, Arik T1 - Why a Large-Scale Mode Can Be Essential for Understanding Intracellular Actin Waves JF - Cells N2 - During the last decade, intracellular actin waves have attracted much attention due to their essential role in various cellular functions, ranging from motility to cytokinesis. Experimental methods have advanced significantly and can capture the dynamics of actin waves over a large range of spatio-temporal scales. However, the corresponding coarse-grained theory mostly avoids the full complexity of this multi-scale phenomenon. In this perspective, we focus on a minimal continuum model of activator–inhibitor type and highlight the qualitative role of mass conservation, which is typically overlooked. Specifically, our interest is to connect between the mathematical mechanisms of pattern formation in the presence of a large-scale mode, due to mass conservation, and distinct behaviors of actin waves. KW - nonlinear waves KW - actin polymerization KW - bifurcation theory KW - mass conservation KW - spatial localization KW - pattern formation KW - activator–inhibitor models Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9061533 SN - 2073-4409 VL - 9 IS - 6 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hänel, Hilkje Charlotte T1 - Who’s to Blame? BT - Hermeneutical Misfire, Forward-Looking Responsibility, and Collective Accountability JF - Social Epistemology N2 - The main aim of this paper is to investigate how sexist ideology distorts our conceptions of sexual violence and the hermeneutical gaps such an ideology yields. I propose that we can understand the problematic issue of hermeneutical gaps about sexual violence with the help of Fricker’s theory of hermeneutical injustice. By distinguishing between hermeneutical injustice and hermeneutical misfire, we can distinguish between the hermeneutical gap and its consequences for the victim of sexual violence and those of the perpetrator of such violence. I then argue that perpetrators are both morally responsible and accountable for their acts, even if they are the result of a hermeneutical misfire. Ultimately, I show that with regard to sexual violence, we should opt for accountability to change the behaviour of the perpetrator and the social structure. Content warning: The paper discusses sexual violence and difficulties conceptualising experiences of such violence. KW - Sexist ideology KW - hermeneutical injustice KW - hermeneutical misfire KW - blame KW - moral responsibility KW - accountability Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2020.1839591 VL - 35 IS - 2 SP - 173 EP - 184 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Streck, Charlotte T1 - Who owns REDD+? BT - carbon markets, carbon rights and entitlements to REDD+ finance JF - Forests N2 - The question of who is entitled to benefit from transactions under the United Nations framework to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) remains one of the most controversial issues surrounding cooperative efforts to reduce deforestation in developing countries. REDD+ has been conceived as an international framework to encourage voluntary efforts in developing countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance carbon removals from forest activities. It was designed as an international framework under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to enable the generation of emission reductions and removals (ERRs) at the national-and, provisionally, the subnational-level and is, thus, primarily a creature of international law. However, in defining forest carbon ERRs, the international framework competes with national emission trading systems and domestic REDD+ legislation as well as private standards that define units traded on the voluntary carbon market. As results-based and carbon market systems emerge, the question remains: Who can claim participation in REDD+ and voluntary carbon market projects? The existence of different international, national and private standards that value ERRs poses a challenge to countries that participate in REDD+ as well as to communities and private actors participating in voluntary carbon market projects. This paper seeks to clarify the nature and limitation of rights pertaining to REDD+ market transactions. It also links the notion of carbon rights to both carbon markets and government's decision on benefit sharing. Applying a legal lens, this paper helps to understand the various claims and underlying rights to participate in REDD+ transactions and addresses ambiguities that can lead to conflict around REDD+ implementation. The definition of carbon rights and the legal nature of carbon credits depend on local law and differ between countries. However, by categorizing carbon rights, the paper summarizes several legal considerations that are relevant for regulating REDD+ and sharing the financial benefits of transacting ERRs. KW - REDD plus KW - REDD+ KW - avoided deforestation KW - voluntary carbon markets KW - emissions KW - trading KW - carbon rights KW - benefit sharing Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/f11090959 SN - 1999-4907 VL - 11 IS - 9 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Holthaus, Leonie A1 - Stockmann, Nils T1 - Who makes the world? BT - Academics and (un)cancelling the future JF - New perspectives N2 - In this essay, we consider the role of academics as change-makers. There is a long line of reflection about academics' sociopolitical role(s) in international relations (IR). Yet, our attempt differs from available considerations in two regards. First, we emphasize that academics are not a homogenous group. While some keep their distance from policymakers, others frequently provide policy advice. Hence, positions and possibilities of influence differ. Second, our argument is not oriented towards the past but the future. That is, we develop our reflections on academics as change-makers by outlining the vision of a 'FutureLab', an innovative, future forum that brings together different world-makers who are united in their attempt to improve 'the world'. Our vision accounts for current, perhaps alarming trends in academia, such as debates about the (in)ability to confront post-truth politics. Still, it is a (critically) optimistic one and can be read as an invitation for experimentation. Finally, we sympathize with voices demanding the democratization of academia and find that further cross-disciplinary dialogues within academia and dialogues between different academics, civil society activists and policymakers may help in finding creditable solutions to problems such as climate change and populism. KW - multiplicity KW - policy KW - scholar-practitioners KW - transdisciplinarity KW - un-cancelling the future KW - world-makers Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/2336825X20935246 SN - 2336-825X SN - 2336-8268 VL - 28 IS - 3 SP - 413 EP - 427 PB - Sage Publications CY - Thousand Oaks, CA ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Šedová, Barbora A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias T1 - Who are the climate migrants and where do they go? BT - Evidence from rural India JF - World development N2 - In this paper, we move from the large strand of research that looks at evidence of climate migration to the questions: who are the climate migrants? and where do they go? These questions are crucial to design policies that mitigate welfare losses of migration choices due to climate change. We study the direct and heterogeneous associations between weather extremes and migration in rural India. We combine ERAS reanalysis data with the India Human Development Survey household panel and conduct regression analyses by applying linear probability and multinomial logit models. This enables us to establish a causal relationship between temperature and precipitation anomalies and overall migration as well as migration by destination. We show that adverse weather shocks decrease rural-rural and international migration and push people into cities in different, presumably more prosperous states. A series of positive weather shocks, however, facilitates international migration and migration to cities within the same state. Further, our results indicate that in contrast to other migrants, climate migrants are likely to be from the lower end of the skill distribution and from households strongly dependent on agricultural production. We estimate that approximately 8% of all rural-urban moves between 2005 and 2012 can be attributed to weather. This figure might increase as a consequence of climate change. Thus, a key policy recommendation is to take steps to facilitate integration of less educated migrants into the urban labor market. KW - climate change KW - migration KW - household analysis KW - India KW - econometrics Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104848 SN - 0305-750X SN - 1873-5991 VL - 129 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brand, Ralf A1 - Timme, Sinika A1 - Nosrat, Sanaz T1 - When pandemic hits BT - exercise frequency and subjective well-being during COVID-19 pandemic JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - The governmental lockdowns related to the COVID-19 pandemic have forced people to change their behavior in many ways including changes in exercise. We used the brief window of global lockdown in the months of March/April/May 2020 as an opportunity to investigate the effects of externally imposed restrictions on exercise-related routines and related changes in subjective well-being. Statistical analyses are based on data from 13,696 respondents in 18 countries using a cross-sectional online survey. A mixed effects modeling approach was used to analyze data. We tested whether exercise frequency before and during the pandemic would influence mood during the pandemic. Additionally, we used the COVID-19 pandemic data to build a prediction model, while controlling for national differences, to estimate changes in exercise frequency during similar future lockdown conditions depending on prelockdown exercise frequency. According to the prediction model, those who rarely exercise before a lockdown tend to increase their exercise frequency during it, and those who are frequent exercisers before a lockdown tend to maintain it. With regards to subjective well-being, the data show that those who exercised almost every day during this pandemic had the best mood, regardless of whether or not they exercised prepandemic. Those who were inactive prepandemic and slightly increased their exercise frequency during the pandemic, reported no change in mood compared to those who remained inactive during the pandemic. Those who reduced their exercise frequency during the pandemic reported worse mood compared to those who maintained or increased their prepandemic exercise frequency. This study suggests that under similar lockdown conditions, about two thirds of those who never or rarely exercise before a lockdown might adopt an exercise behavior or increase their exercise frequency. However, such changes do not always immediately result in improvement in subjective well-being. These results may inform national policies, as well as health behavior and exercise psychology research on the importance of exercise promotion, and prediction of changes in exercise behavior during future pandemics. KW - mood KW - motivation KW - physical activity KW - habit KW - health Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.570567 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 11 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER -