TY - JOUR A1 - Galbete, Cecilia A1 - Kröger, Janine A1 - Jannasch, Franziska A1 - Iqbal, Khalid A1 - Schwingshackl, Lukas A1 - Schwedhelm, Carolina A1 - Weikert, Cornelia A1 - Boeing, Heiner A1 - Schulze, Matthias Bernd T1 - Nordic diet, Mediterranean diet, and the risk of chronic diseases BT - the EPIC-Potsdam study JF - BMC Medicine N2 - Background: The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) has been acknowledged as a healthy diet. However, its relation with risk of major chronic diseases in non-Mediterranean countries is inconclusive. The Nordic diet is proposed as an alternative across Northern Europe, although its associations with the risk of chronic diseases remain controversial. We aimed to investigate the association between the Nordic diet and the MedDiet with the risk of chronic disease (type 2 diabetes (T2D), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and cancer) in the EPIC-Potsdam cohort. Methods: The EPIC-Potsdam cohort recruited 27,548 participants between 1994 and 1998. After exclusion of prevalent cases, we evaluated baseline adherence to a score reflecting the Nordic diet and two MedDiet scores (tMDS, reflecting the traditional MedDiet score, and the MedPyr score, reflecting the MedDiet Pyramid). Cox regression models were applied to examine the association between the diet scores and the incidence of major chronic diseases. Results: During a follow-up of 10.6 years, 1376 cases of T2D, 312 of MI, 321 of stroke, and 1618 of cancer were identified. The Nordic diet showed a statistically non-significant inverse association with incidence of MI in the overall population and of stroke in men. Adherence to the MedDiet was associated with lower incidence of T2D (HR per 1 SD 0.93, 95% CI 0.88-0.98 for the tMDS score and 0.92, 0.87-0.97 for the MedPyr score). In women, the MedPyr score was also inversely associated with MI. No association was observed for any of the scores with cancer. Conclusions: In the EPIC-Potsdam cohort, the Nordic diet showed a possible beneficial effect on MI in the overall population and for stroke in men, while both scores reflecting the MedDiet conferred lower risk of T2D in the overall population and of MI in women. KW - Mediterranean diet KW - Nordic diet KW - regional diets KW - chronic diseases KW - diabetes KW - myocardial infarction KW - stroke KW - cancer KW - EPIC-Potsdam study KW - longitudinal analysis Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-018-1082-y SN - 1741-7015 VL - 16 PB - BMC CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Castaño Martínez, María Teresa A1 - Schumacher, Fabian A1 - Schumacher, Silke A1 - Kochlik, Bastian Max A1 - Weber, Daniela A1 - Grune, Tilman A1 - Biemann, Ronald A1 - McCann, Adrian A1 - Abraham, Klaus A1 - Weikert, Cornelia A1 - Kleuse, Burkhard A1 - Schürmann, Annette A1 - Laeger, Thomas T1 - Methionine restriction prevents onset of type 2 diabetes in NZO mice JF - The FASEB journal : the official journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology N2 - Dietary methionine restriction (MR) is well known to reduce body weight by increasing energy expenditure (EE) and insulin sensitivity. An elevated concentration of circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has been implicated as a potential underlying mechanism. The aims of our study were to test whether dietary MR in the context of a high-fat regimen protects against type 2 diabetes in mice and to investigate whether vegan and vegetarian diets, which have naturally low methionine levels, modulate circulating FGF21 in humans. New Zealand obese (NZO) mice, a model for polygenic obesity and type 2 diabetes, were placed on isocaloric high-fat diets (protein, 16 kcal%; carbohydrate, 52 kcal%; fat, 32 kcal%) that provided methionine at control (Con; 0.86% methionine) or low levels (0.17%) for 9 wk. Markers of glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity were analyzed. Among humans, low methionine intake and circulating FGF21 levels were investigated by comparing a vegan and a vegetarian diet to an omnivore diet and evaluating the effect of a short-term vegetarian diet on FGF21 induction. In comparison with the Con group, MR led to elevated plasma FGF21 levels and prevented the onset of hyperglycemia in NZO mice. MR-fed mice exhibited increased insulin sensitivity, higher plasma adiponectin levels, increased EE, and up-regulated expression of thermogenic genes in subcutaneous white adipose tissue. Food intake and fat mass did not change. Plasma FGF21 levels were markedly higher in vegan humans compared with omnivores, and circulating FGF21 levels increased significantly in omnivores after 4 d on a vegetarian diet. These data suggest that MR induces FGF21 and protects NZO mice from high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes. The normoglycemic phenotype in vegans and vegetarians may be caused by induced FGF21. MR akin to vegan and vegetarian diets in humans may offer metabolic benefits via increased circulating levels of FGF21 and merits further investigation.-Castano-Martinez, T., Schumacher, F., Schumacher, S., Kochlik, B., Weber, D., Grune, T., Biemann, R., McCann, A., Abraham, K., Weikert, C., Kleuser, B., Schurmann, A., Laeger, T. Methionine restriction prevents onset of type 2 diabetes in NZO mice. KW - energy expenditure KW - hyperglycemia KW - obesity KW - vegan KW - vegetarian Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201900150R SN - 0892-6638 SN - 1530-6860 VL - 33 IS - 6 SP - 7092 EP - 7102 PB - Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology CY - Bethesda ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Catchpole, Gareth A1 - Platzer, Alexander A1 - Weikert, Cornelia A1 - Kempkensteffen, Carsten A1 - Johannsen, Manfred A1 - Krause, Hans A1 - Jung, Klaus A1 - Miller, Kurt A1 - Willmitzer, Lothar A1 - Selbig, Joachim A1 - Weikert, Steffen T1 - Metabolic profiling reveals key metabolic features of renal cell carcinoma JF - Journal of cellular and molecular medicine : a journal of translational medicine N2 - Recent evidence suggests that metabolic changes play a pivotal role in the biology of cancer and in particular renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Here, a global metabolite profiling approach was applied to characterize the metabolite pool of RCC and normal renal tissue. Advanced decision tree models were applied to characterize the metabolic signature of RCC and to explore features of metastasized tumours. The findings were validated in a second independent dataset. Vitamin E derivates and metabolites of glucose, fatty acid, and inositol phosphate metabolism determined the metabolic profile of RCC. alpha-tocopherol, hippuric acid, myoinositol, fructose-1-phosphate and glucose-1-phosphate contributed most to the tumour/normal discrimination and all showed pronounced concentration changes in RCC. The identified metabolic profile was characterized by a low recognition error of only 5% for tumour versus normal samples. Data on metastasized tumours suggested a key role for metabolic pathways involving arachidonic acid, free fatty acids, proline, uracil and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. These results illustrate the potential of mass spectroscopy based metabolomics in conjunction with sophisticated data analysis methods to uncover the metabolic phenotype of cancer. Differentially regulated metabolites, such as vitamin E compounds, hippuric acid and myoinositol, provide leads for the characterization of novel pathways in RCC. KW - kidney cancer KW - metabolism KW - metabolomics KW - metastasis Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00939.x SN - 1582-1838 VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 109 EP - 118 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Malden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Menzel, Juliane A1 - Longree, Alessa A1 - Abraham, Klaus A1 - Schulze, Matthias Bernd A1 - Weikert, Cornelia T1 - Dietary and plasma phospholipid profiles in vegans and omnivores-results from the RBVD study JF - Nutrients N2 - Over the last few years, the vegan diet has become increasingly popular in Germany. It has been proposed that this diet is generally lower in fat, but less is known about the impact on fatty acid (FA) profiles. Therefore, the cross-sectional "Risks and Benefits of a Vegan Diet" (RBVD) study (n = 72) was used to investigate dietary FA intake as well as plasma phospholipid FA in vegans (n = 36) compared to omnivores (n = 36). Vegans had a significantly lower dietary intake of total fat (median 86 g/day, IQR 64-111) in comparison to omnivores (median 104 g/day, IQR 88-143, p = 0.004). Further, vegans had a lower intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (p < 0.0001) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (p = 0.001) compared to omnivores. Vegans had a higher intake in total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA compared to omnivores, but without statistical significance after Bonferroni correction. According to plasma phospholipid profiles, relatively lower proportions of SFA (p < 0.0001), total trans fatty acids (TFA) (p = 0.0004) and omega-3-FA (p < 0.0001), but higher proportions of omega-6-FA (p < 0.0001) were observed in vegans. With the exception of omega-3 PUFA, a vegan diet is associated with a more favorable dietary fat intake and more favorable plasma FA profiles and therefore may reduce cardiovascular risk. KW - SFA KW - TFA KW - MUFA KW - PUFA KW - n-3 fatty acid KW - n-6 fatty acid KW - fatty acids KW - vegan diet Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14142900 SN - 2072-6643 VL - 14 IS - 14 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Polemiti, Elli A1 - Baudry, Julia A1 - Kuxhaus, Olga A1 - Jäger, Susanne A1 - Bergmann, Manuela A1 - Weikert, Cornelia A1 - Schulze, Matthias Bernd T1 - BMI and BMI change following incident type 2 diabetes and risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications BT - the EPIC-Potsdam study JF - Diabetologia : journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) N2 - Aims/hypothesis Studies suggest decreased mortality risk among people who are overweight or obese compared with individuals with normal weight in type 2 diabetes (obesity paradox). However, the relationship between body weight or weight change and microvascular vs macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes remains unresolved. We investigated the association between BMI and BMI change with long-term risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes in a prospective cohort study. Methods We studied participants with incident type 2 diabetes from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam cohort, who were free of cancer, cardiovascular disease and microvascular disease at diagnosis (n = 1083). Pre-diagnosis BMI and relative annual change between pre- and post-diagnosis BMI were evaluated in multivariable-adjusted Cox models. Results There were 85 macrovascular (myocardial infarction and stroke) and 347 microvascular events (kidney disease, neuropathy and retinopathy) over a median follow-up of 10.8 years. Median pre-diagnosis BMI was 29.9 kg/m(2) (IQR 27.4-33.2), and the median relative annual BMI change was -0.4% (IQR -2.1 to 0.9). Higher pre-diagnosis BMI was positively associated with total microvascular complications (multivariable-adjusted HR per 5 kg/m(2) [95% CI]: 1.21 [1.07, 1.36], kidney disease 1.39 [1.21, 1.60] and neuropathy 1.12 [0.96, 1.31]) but not with macrovascular complications (HR 1.05 [95% CI 0.81, 1.36]). Analyses according to BMI categories corroborated these findings. Effect modification was not evident by sex, smoking status or age groups. In analyses according to BMI change categories, BMI loss of more than 1% indicated a decreased risk of total microvascular complications (HR 0.62 [95% CI 0.47, 0.80]), kidney disease (HR 0.57 [95% CI 0.40, 0.81]) and neuropathy (HR 0.73 [95% CI 0.52, 1.03]), compared with participants with a stable BMI; no clear association was observed for macrovascular complications (HR 1.04 [95% CI 0.62, 1.74]). The associations between BMI gain compared with stable BMI and diabetes-related vascular complications were less apparent. Associations were consistent across strata of sex, age, pre-diagnosis BMI or medication but appeared to be stronger among never-smokers compared with current or former smokers. Conclusions/interpretation Among people with incident type 2 diabetes, pre-diagnosis BMI was positively associated with microvascular complications, while a reduced risk was observed with weight loss when compared with stable weight. The relationships with macrovascular disease were less clear. KW - BMI KW - CVD KW - Diabetes-related vascular complications KW - Nephropathy KW - Neuropathy KW - T2D KW - Weight change Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-020-05362-7 SN - 0012-186X SN - 1432-0428 VL - 64 IS - 4 SP - 814 EP - 825 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ; Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eichelmann, Fabian A1 - Schulze, Matthias Bernd A1 - Wittenbecher, Clemens A1 - Menzel, Juliane A1 - Weikert, Cornelia A1 - di Giuseppe, Romina A1 - Biemann, Ronald A1 - Isermann, Berend A1 - Fritsche, Andreas A1 - Boeing, Heiner A1 - Aleksandrova, Krasimira T1 - Association of Chemerin Plasma Concentration With Risk of Colorectal Cancer JF - JAMA network open N2 - IMPORTANCE Inflammatory processes have been suggested to have an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC) etiology. Chemerin is a recently discovered inflammatory biomarker thought to exert chemotactic, adipogenic, and angiogenic functions. However, its potential link with CRC has not been sufficiently explored. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prospective association of circulating plasma chemerin concentrations with incident CRC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective case-cohort study based on 27 548 initially healthy participants from the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam cohort who were followed for up to 16 years. Baseline study information and samples were collected between August 23, 1994, and September 25, 1998. Recruitment was according to random registry sampling from the geographical area of Potsdam, Germany, and surrounding municipalities. The last date of study follow-up was May 10, 2010. Statistical analysis was conducted in 2018. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Incident CRC, colon cancer, and rectal cancer. Baseline chemerin plasma concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study found that the association between chemerin concentration and the risk of incident CRC was linear and independent of established CRC risk factors. Further studies are warranted to evaluate chemerin as a novel immune-inflammatory agent in colorectal carcinogenesis. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.0896 SN - 2574-3805 VL - 2 IS - 3 PB - American Veterinary Medical Association CY - Chicago ER -