TY  - JOUR
A1  - Castro, José Pedro
A1  - Grune, Tilman
A1  - Speckmann, Bodo
T1  - The two faces of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in adipocyte function and dysfunction
JF  - Biological chemistry
N2  - White adipose tissue (WAT) is actively involved in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis via storage/ release of lipids and adipokine secretion. Current research links WAT dysfunction to the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The expansion of WAT during oversupply of nutrients prevents ectopic fat accumulation and requires proper preadipocyte-to-adipocyte differentiation. An assumed link between excess levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), WAT dysfunction and T2D has been discussed controversially. While oxidative stress conditions have conclusively been detected in WAT of T2D patients and related animal models, clinical trials with antioxidants failed to prevent T2D or to improve glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, animal studies yielded inconsistent results regarding the role of oxidative stress in the development of diabetes. Here, we discuss the contribution of ROS to the (patho) physiology of adipocyte function and differentiation, with particular emphasis on sources and nutritional modulators of adipocyte ROS and their functions in signaling mechanisms controlling adipogenesis and functions of mature fat cells. We propose a concept of ROS balance that is required for normal functioning of WAT. We explain how both excessive and diminished levels of ROS, e. g. resulting from over supplementation with antioxidants, contribute to WAT dysfunction and subsequently insulin resistance.
KW  - adipogenesis
KW  - adipose tissue dysregulation
KW  - antioxidants
KW  - metabolic disorders
KW  - oxidative stress
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2015-0305
SN  - 1431-6730
SN  - 1437-4315
VL  - 397
SP  - 709
EP  - 724
PB  - De Gruyter
CY  - Berlin
ER  -