TY - JOUR A1 - Mackert, Jürgen T1 - Im Auftrag des Staates T1 - In the name of the state T1 - Pour le compte de l’État BT - die geheime Gesellschaft der Folterer BT - the secret society of the torturers BT - la société secrète des tortionnaires JF - Berliner Journal für Soziologie N2 - Folter ist ein Akt extremer kollektiver Gewalt, der im Auftrag eines Staates im Geheimen ausgeübt wird. Die Frage, was Menschen dazu bringt, anderen Menschen diese extreme Gewalt anzutun, verengt den Blick für ein Verständnis der Folter allzu schnell auf individualistische Erklärungsversuche. Der vorliegende Aufsatz geht im Gegensatz dazu von der Gruppe der Folterer aus und rückt die sozialen Beziehungen dieser Form der Vergesellschaftung und die von ihnen ausgehenden sozialen Dynamiken und Effekte in den Mittelpunkt. In einem ersten Schritt werden Georg Simmels formale Bestimmungen der geheimen Gesellschaft rekonstruiert und auf die geheime Gesellschaft der Folterer angewandt und spezifiziert; auf dieser Grundlage werden im zweiten Schritt Handlungsbedingungen der Mitglieder der geheimen Gesellschaft der Folterer herausgearbeitet; der dritte Schritt bestimmt die eigendynamischen Prozesse des Phänomens der Folter, die aus der Eskalation politischer Konflikte, der Gruppe der Folterer und der Situation der Folter erwachsen. Die These lautet, dass sich aus der Perspektive einer relationalen Soziologie ein theoretischer Zugriff auf das Problem der Folter ergibt, der weiterführende Erklärungen des Phänomens ermöglicht. N2 - Torture is an extreme act of collective violence that is secretly executed in the name of a state. In order to explain the reasons why people torture others, individualist approaches concentrate on individuals’ motives or interests. Contrary to that, the article argues that torture should be understood as a social relation. Thus, it takes the social relations of the group of torturers as a starting point. Firstly, following Georg Simmel’s analysis of the secret society the paper argues that the group of torturers can adequately be conceptualized as a secret society; secondly, against this background the article reconstructs the conditions which structure torturers’ agency; finally, this article offers an outline of the processes and dynamics that allows for explaining the phenomenon of torture. The thesis of the article argues that a relational sociology helps better explain and understand the social phenomenon of torture. N2 - La torture est un acte de violence collective extrême accompli pour le compte d’un État. La question des motivations poussant les tortionnaires à agir restreint quelque peu hâtivement la compréhension de la torture à des tentatives d’explication individualistes. La présente approche part au contraire du groupe des tortionnaires et se focalise sur les relations sociales de cette forme de socialisation ainsi que sur les dynamiques sociales qui en découlent et leurs effets. Dans un premier temps, nous reconstruisons les éléments formels de la société secrète tels que définis par Simmel pour les appliquer à la société secrète des tortionnaires. Nous dégageons ensuite les conditions d’action des membres de la société secrète des tortionnaires. Enfin, nous identifions au sein du phénomène de la torture les processus possédant une dynamique propre résultant de l’escalade des conflits politiques, du groupe des tortionnaires et de la situation de torture. Nous défendons la thèse que la sociologie relationnelle rend possible une approche théorique de la torture offrant des explications plus approfondies du phénomène. KW - Folter KW - Geheime Gesellschaft der Folterer KW - Georg Simmel KW - Relationale Soziologie KW - Prozesse KW - Dynamiken KW - Erklärung KW - Torture KW - Secret society of torturers KW - Relational sociology KW - Processes KW - Dynamics KW - Explanation KW - Société secrète des tortionnaires KW - Sociologie relationnelle KW - Processus KW - Dynamiques KW - Explications Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11609-011-0165-9 SN - 0863-1808 SN - 1862-2593 VL - 21 IS - 3 SP - 431 EP - 459 PB - Springer CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Faber, Eike A1 - Barcelo, Pedro T1 - Sobre los orígenes y la evaluación de los Germanos en la literatura alemana de los siglos XVI JF - Revista de historiografía : rivista semestral N2 - Los conceptos que tenían los habitantes del Sacro Imperio Romano sobre la nación germana respecto a su filiación étnica y sus orígenes cambian a partir del inicio de la historia moderna. A través del análisis de los ejemplos más relevantes el presente estudio traza las líneas maestras de este proceso de apropiación e interpretción del pasado que empieza con la recepción de la Germania de Tácito por los escritores humanistas y se prolonga a lo largo de los siglos XVII, XVIII y XIX. N2 - The concepts which inhabitants of the Holy Roman Empire had of the German Nation regarding their ethnic affiliation and origins changed at the beginning of the Modern Age. Through the analysis of the most significant examples, this paper provides an outline of the development of the appropriation process and interpretation of the past that begins with the humanist writers’ reactions to the discovery of Tacitus’ work, Germania, and continues over the course the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and the widespread belief that contemporary Germans and the Germani of classical authors are essentially identical. Y1 - 2011 SN - 1885-2718 VL - 15 IS - 2 PB - Universidad Carlos III CY - Madrid ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Faber, Eike T1 - Anti-Germanism in Constantinople or the Revolt of Gainas? JF - New perspectives on late antiquity Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-1-4438-2718-8 SN - 978-1-4438-2809-3 SP - 124 EP - 135 PB - Cambridge Scholars CY - Newcastle upon Tyne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kleger, Heinz T1 - Moderne Bürgerreligion JF - Unerfüllte Moderne? neue Perspektiven auf das Werk von Charles Taylor Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-3-518-29618-9 SN - 978-3-518-75491-7 SP - 493 EP - 528 PB - Suhrkamp CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Springer, Anne T1 - Selbst, Kultur und soziale Kognition JF - Das Bild zwischen Kognition und Kreativität Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-3-8376-1365-0 SP - 171 EP - 195 PB - Transcript CY - Bielefeld ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schründer-Lenzen, Agi A1 - Mücke, Stephan T1 - Entwicklung und Evaluation eines Sprachförderprogramms BT - das Modellprogramm FÖRMIG in Brandenburg JF - Unterrichtsentwicklung und didaktische Entwicklungsforschung Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-3-7815-1794-3 SP - 105 EP - 124 PB - Klinkhardt CY - Bad Heilbrunn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmitt, Hanno T1 - Resultate der Philanthropismusforschung BT - Bildungshorizonte, Netzwerke, Internationalität JF - Die Entdeckung von Volk, Erziehung und Ökonomie im europäischen Netzwerk der Aufklärung Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-3-934686-87-8 SP - 391 EP - 408 PB - Ed. Lumière CY - Bremen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Goldbeck, Johanna T1 - Das Reckahner Besucherbuch BT - Einblicke in europaweite Netzwerke im Zeitalter der Aufklärung JF - Die Entdeckung von Volk, Erziehung und Ökonomie im europäischen Netzwerk der Aufklärung Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-3-934686-87-8 SP - 463 EP - 478 PB - Ed. Lumière CY - Bremen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lindemann-Stark, Anke T1 - Nutzwerk der Aufklärung: Die Korrespondenz Fredrich Eberhard von Rochows JF - Die Entdeckung von Volk, Erziehung und Ökonomie im europäischen Netzwerk der Aufklärung Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-3-934686-87-8 SP - 433 EP - 448 PB - Ed. Lumière CY - Bremen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tosch, Frank T1 - Programm, Praxis und Personen der Märkischen Ökonomischen Gesellschaft zu Potsdam um 1800 JF - Die Entdeckung von Volk, Erziehung und Ökonomie im europäischen Netzwerk der Aufklärung Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-3-934686-87-8 SP - 305 EP - 332 PB - Ed. Lumière CY - Bremen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stadler, Heike T1 - Der Bürger entscheidet mit BT - die Bibliothek als Diskussionsgegenstand zwischen Politik, Kommunalverwaltung und Bürgerschaft JF - BuB : Forum für Bibliothek und Information 63 (2011) 6 N2 - »Warum erregt der geplante Abriss eines Bahnhofs die Nation, während gegen das hundertfache Sterben von Bibliotheken immer nur ein paar Stimmen laut werden? Wo sind die Wutbürger, wenn man sie braucht?«, überlegte sich hierzulande Tilman Spreckelsen.1 Die Kernfrage lautet also: Stehen die Bürger eigentlich hinter der Bibliothek? Ob und wie die Bürgerschaft für ihre Öffentliche Bibliothek entscheidet, wenn sie entscheiden darf, wird im vorliegenden Aufsatz thematisiert. Ergebnisse von Bürgerbegehren und Bürgerentscheiden stehen dabei im Fokus, da bürgerschaftliches Engagement bei diesen Mitwirkungsinstrumenten besonders gefragt ist und es gleichzeitig kommunalpolitische Folgen haben kann. Am Beispiel von Stuttgart 21 wird darüber hinaus der Fragestellung nachgegangen, wie sich eine Öffentliche Bibliothek zu Sachverhalten positioniert, die (nicht nur) kommunalpolitisch brisant sind. Y1 - 2011 UR - www.b-u-b.de/pdfarchiv/Register-BuB_2011.pdf VL - 63 IS - 6 SP - 450 EP - 453 PB - Bock + Herchen CY - Bad Honnef ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stadler, Heike T1 - Mehr Chancen als Risiken BT - Öffentliche Bibliotheken im Bürgerhaushalt : Positive Beispiele in Berlin JF - BuB : Forum für Bibliothek und Information 63 (2011) 3 N2 - Anne Christensen spricht von partizipativer Entwicklung, wenn sie sich zum Komplex Bibliothek 2.0 äußert, und meint damit primär die stärkere Einbeziehung der Benutzer, wenn es um die Zukunft der kollaborativen Erschließung von Medien in Bibliothekskatalogen geht.1 Diese Art der Partizipation tangiert Kernaufgaben sowohl an Öffentlichen als auch an wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken. Über die Beteiligung der Benutzer am Katalog 2.0 hinaus könnte auch durch eine weitere Form der Partizipation Einfl uss auf die Zukunft Öffentlicher Bibliotheken genommen werden: durch den Bürgerhaushalt. Y1 - 2011 UR - www.b-u-b.de/pdfarchiv/Heft-BuB_03_2011.pdf VL - 63 IS - 3 SP - 196 EP - 199 PB - Bock + Herchen CY - Bad Honnef ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stadler, Heike T1 - Porto Alegre und Christchurch als Vorbild BT - Der Bürgerhaushalt wird weltweit angewendet : Dynamische Entwicklung in Europa JF - BuB : Forum für Bibliothek und Information 63 (2011) 3 Y1 - 2011 UR - www.b-u-b.de/pdfarchiv/Heft-BuB_03_2011.pdf VL - 63 IS - 3 SP - 197 PB - Bock + Herchen CY - Bad Honnef ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Balderjahn, Ingo A1 - Oloko, Shamsey T1 - On the Moral Value of Cause related Marketing JF - Marketing : ZFP Y1 - 2011 SN - 0344-1369 VL - 33 IS - 2 SP - 159 EP - 170 PB - C. H. Beck CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinz, Kathrin A1 - Heidenreich, Thomas A1 - Wenhold, Franziska A1 - Brand, Ralf T1 - Mindfulness and acceptance basic principles and perspectives of a new approach in sport psychology training JF - Zeitschrift für Sportpsychologie N2 - Mindfulness and acceptance describe the skills necessary to experience emotions and thoughts (e.g., performance-interfering cognitions) consciously and without judging them. This article introduces the mindfulness and acceptance approach and its potential in the context of competitive sports. Definitions as well as research results related to mechanisms of action and differential psychological aspects are given and the efficacy of the approach in the field of clinical psychology is reviewed. The rationale and implementation of the mindfulness-acceptance-commitment approach, an approach adapted for performance enhancement, is illustrated. Finally, evidence from psychotherapy research is presented, and a recommendation for the use of mindfulness and acceptance in the context of competitive sports is given. KW - mindfulness KW - acceptance KW - psychological skills training Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1026/1612-5010/a000056 SN - 1612-5010 VL - 18 IS - 4 SP - 145 EP - 154 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ehrlenspiel, Felix A1 - Graf, Karla A1 - Kühn, Christian A1 - Brand, Ralf T1 - Stability and variability of competitive anxiety JF - Zeitschrift für Sportpsychologie N2 - Spielberger's (1972) Trait-State-Anxiety theory distinguishes between anxiety as a trait (A-trait) - involving a stable characteristic of a person to react with anxiety in response to varying situations and anxiety as a state (A-state), a situation-dependent reaction to a stimulus perceived as threatening. Using a general instead of a sport-specific measure, a previous study provided only mixed support for core predictions of the theory as related to sports (Schwenkmezger, 1985). With the aid of enhanced instruments and statistical methods, we tested these predictions again. The multidimensional and competition-specific assessment of anxiety results in support for the assumption of a stable A-trait and a fluctuating A-state, whereby the A-trait not only predicts the intensity of A-states but also the A-state variability. The repeated assessment of A-states prior to two competitions reveals a rather low relative consistency (i.e., interindividual differences across measurements were only moderately stable). Especially this latter finding suggests that, in order to gain a full understanding of the experience of competitive anxiety in athletes, sport psychologists should not only assess competitive A-traits, but also repeatedly measure competitive A-states. KW - competitive state anxiety KW - competitive trait anxiety KW - Trait-State Interaction Model Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1026/1612-5010/a000034 SN - 1612-5010 VL - 18 IS - 1 SP - 31 EP - 43 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Höppner, Till T1 - Kant's Notion of the function and the completeness of the ruling class and blackboard JF - Zeitschrift für philosophische Forschung : Abhandlungen, Diskussionen und Berichte Y1 - 2011 SN - 0044-3301 VL - 65 IS - 2 SP - 193 EP - 240 PB - Klostermann CY - Frankfurt, Main ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kampa, Nele A1 - Kunter, Mareike A1 - Maaz, Kai A1 - Baumert, Jürgen T1 - The social background of maths teachers in Germany its connection with professional occupation and job-related convictions among teachers at secondary schools JF - Zeitschrift für Pädagogik N2 - The present article analyzes the socio-economic background of maths teachers in Germany and its relation to career-related decisions and job-related convictions. These analyzes is based on data collected through questionnaires answered by 1126 maths teachers working at a sample of secondary schools representative of Germany. Following Bourdieu's theory, the authors examine whether the economic and cultural conditions prevailing in the teachers' families of origin are related to their decision to pursue this specific professional career or to their job-related convictions. Furthermore, it is analyzed in how far teachers, in their everyday work in the classroom, meet students from groups of origin foreign to the teachers themselves. The results show that the teachers, socio-economic background has no systematic relation to either their career-related decisions or their job-related convictions. Y1 - 2011 SN - 0044-3247 VL - 57 IS - 1 SP - 70 EP - 92 PB - Beltz CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wessig, Pablo A1 - Möllnitz, Kristian A1 - Kelling, Alexandra A1 - Schilde, Uwe T1 - Crystal structure of 1r,2c,3c,4t,5t,6t-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis-trimethylsilanyloxy-cyclohexane, C24H60O6Si6 JF - Zeitschrift für Kristallographie : international journal for structural, physical and chemical aspects of crystalline materials ; New crystal structures N2 - C24H60O6Si6, triclinic, P (1) over bar (no. 2), a = 11.307(2) angstrom, b = 12.159(2) angstrom, = 16.576(2) angstrom, alpha = 109.47(1)degrees, beta = 94.64(1)degrees, gamma = 111.65(1)degrees, V = 1942.3 angstrom(3), Z = 2, R-gt(F) = 0.043, wR(ref)(F-2) = 0.118, T = 210 K. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1524/ncrs.2011.0105 SN - 1433-7266 VL - 226 IS - 2 SP - 228 EP - 230 PB - De Gruyter Oldenbourg CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kahlert, Daniela A1 - Brand, Ralf T1 - Questionnaires for assessing physical activity different response scale categories influence responses concerning health- and sport-related cognitions JF - Zeitschrift für Gesundheitspsychologie N2 - The present study examines whether the use of different frequency scales in questionnaires about physical activity influences respondents' own estimation of their activity, as well as subsequent measurements of health- und sport-related cognitions and evaluations. Using a randomized research design we recruited a sample of 118 participants. One group received a high frequency scale for assessing their exercise frequency with the response categories "never", "less often", "once a month", "once a week", or "most days." The other group answered with a medium frequency scale with the alternatives "never", "less often", " once every few months", "once a month", and " once a week or more often." As dependent variables all participants judged the subjective importance of physical activity and their health-related quality of life (WHO-QOL-bref). Results indicate the expected response errors, owing to the fact that using a high-frequency scale produces higher levels of self-reported physical activity (Cramer's V = .30). Corresponding to this the subjective importance of physical activity increased (d = .37) and the health-related quality of life was judged to be better (d = .36). Such artefacts might be eliminated by using standardized formulations such as "I exercise... times per week/month for... minutes." KW - physical activity KW - measurement KW - health-related cognition KW - response error Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1026/0943-8149/a000044 SN - 0943-8149 VL - 19 IS - 2 SP - 96 EP - 100 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stockhorst, Stefanie T1 - Signals from the past forms and functions of the traditional behavior in Thomas Kling's essay JF - Zeitschrift für Germanistik Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3726/92132_114 SN - 0323-7982 VL - 21 IS - 1 SP - 114 EP - 130 PB - Lang CY - Bern ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Pornography use, sexual scripts, and sexual aggression in adolescence JF - Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und pädagogische Psychologie N2 - The link between pornography use, normative acceptance of sexual aggression, and the presence of risk factors of sexual aggression in sexual scripts for consensual sexual interactions was studied in a sample of 197 adolescents in Germany. Risk factors included sex after only a short acquaintanceship, alcohol and drug use in sexual interactions, and ambiguous communication of sexual intentions. In addition to a measure of overall pornography use, exposure to portrayals of consensual sex, coerced sex and degrading sex was measured. Almost all participants had seen pornografic material at least once, just under half had seen depictions of coerced sex. Significant correlations were found between all measures of pornography use and the presence of risk factors of sexual aggression in consensual sexual scripts. Violent pornography usage showed a positive correlation with the normative acceptance of sexual aggression that was partly accounted for by sexual scripts. The findings are discussed with regard to the significance of pornografic media contents in the process of adolescents' sexual socialization. KW - pornography KW - violent pornography KW - sexual scripts KW - adolescent sexuality Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1026/0049-8637/a000044 SN - 0049-8637 VL - 43 IS - 3 SP - 133 EP - 141 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spies, Dennis A1 - Franzmann, Simon T. T1 - A two-dimensional approach to the political opportunity structure of extreme right parties in Western Europe JF - West European politics N2 - Previous studies on the electoral fortunes of extreme right parties (ERPs) have pointed to the importance of variables of party competition for the success - or failure - of ERPs. These studies vary greatly when it comes to describing the political opportunity structure of the extreme right. Apart from their methodological differences, existing studies differ especially with regard to the assumed underlying dimension of party competition. This article tests the impact of three frequently discussed variables in the political opportunity structure of ERPs (mainstream party convergence, position of the established right and party system polarisation) on the vote share of ERPs in Western Europe. In addition to examining previous studies in this field, it focuses on the interplay between the economic and the cultural dimensions as part of the political opportunity structure. The authors show that a decrease in polarisation with regard to economic questions is accompanied by a growing salience of ERPs' core issues, leading in the end to an increase in ERPs' vote share. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2011.591096 SN - 0140-2382 VL - 34 IS - 5 SP - 1044 EP - 1069 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Akal, Cuneyt A1 - Koralay, O. Ersin A1 - Candan, Osman A1 - Oberhänsli, Roland A1 - Chen, Fukun T1 - Geodynamic significance of the early triassic karaburun granitoid (Western Turkey) for the opening history of Neo-Tethys JF - Turkish journal of earth sciences = Türk yerbilimleri dergisi N2 - The Karaburun Peninsula, which is considered part of the Anatolide-Tauride Block of Turkey, contains clastic and carbonate sequences deposited on the northern margin of Gondwana. The Palaeozoic clastic sequence, which is intruded by the Early Triassic granitoid and tectonically overlies a Mesozoic melange sequence, can be divided into three subunits: a lower clastic subunit consisting of a sandstone-shale alternation, an upper clastic subunit consisting of black chert-bearing shales, sandstone and conglomerate, and a Permo-Carboniferous carbonate subunit. The lower Triassic Karaburun I-type granitoid has a high initial Sr-87/Sr-86 ratio (0.709021-0.709168), and low Nd-143/Nd-144 ratio (0.512004-0.512023) and epsilon Nd (-5.34 to -5.70) isotopic values. Geochronological data indicate a crystallization (intrusion) age of 247.1 +/- 2.0 Ma (Scythian). Geochemically, the acidic magmatism reflects a subduction-related continental-arc basin tectonic setting, which can be linked to the opening of the northern branch of Neo-Tethys as a continental back-arc rifting basin on the northern margin of Gondwana. This can be related to the closure through southward subduction of the Palaeotethys Ocean beneath Gondwana. KW - Karaburun KW - Neo-Tethys KW - Palaeo-Tethys KW - diorite KW - Triassic KW - magmatism Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3906/yer-1008-1 SN - 1300-0985 VL - 20 IS - 3 SP - 255 EP - 271 PB - Tübitak CY - Ankara ER - TY - JOUR A1 - David Coy, Ericsson A1 - Enrique Cuca, Luis A1 - Sefkow, Michael T1 - Pd-NHC catalyzed biaryl coupling by direct C-H Activation-A Novel strategy for the synthesis of dibenzocyclooctane lignans JF - Synthetic communications : an international journal for rapid communication of synthetic organic chemistry N2 - Cross-coupling reactions, such as Buchwald-Hartwig arylamination and direct intramolecular biaryl coupling by C-H activation, were carried out using various Palladium-N-heterocyclic carbenes (Pd-NHC) as catalysts. The yields were good to excellent. The latter strategy was adopted to transform two dibenzylbutane lignans, isolated from the leaves of Ocotea macrophylla (Lauraceae), into the corresponding dibenzocyclooctane lignans in good overall yields. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications (R) to view the free supplemental file. KW - Cross-coupling reactions KW - dibenzylbutane KW - dibenzocyclooctane KW - lignans KW - N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/00397910903531755 SN - 0039-7911 VL - 41 IS - 1 SP - 41 EP - 51 PB - Taylor & Francis Group CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Feher, Kristen A1 - Whelan, James A1 - Müller, Samuel T1 - Assessing modularity using a random matrix theory approach JF - Statistical applications in genetics and molecular biology N2 - Random matrix theory (RMT) is well suited to describing the emergent properties of systems with complex interactions amongst their constituents through their eigenvalue spectrums. Some RMT results are applied to the problem of clustering high dimensional biological data with complex dependence structure amongst the variables. It will be shown that a gene relevance or correlation network can be constructed by choosing a correlation threshold in a principled way, such that it corresponds to a block diagonal structure in the correlation matrix, if such a structure exists. The structure is then found using community detection algorithms, but with parameter choice guided by RMT predictions. The resulting clustering is compared to a variety of hierarchical clustering outputs and is found to the most generalised result, in that it captures all the features found by the other considered methods. KW - random matrix theory KW - clustering KW - modularity Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2202/1544-6115.1667 SN - 2194-6302 SN - 1544-6115 VL - 10 IS - 1 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bressel, Katharina A1 - Prevost, Sylvain A1 - Appavou, Marie-Sousai A1 - Tiersch, Brigitte A1 - Koetz, Joachim A1 - Gradzielski, Michael T1 - Phase behaviour and structure of zwitanionic mixtures of perfluorocarboxylates and tetradecyldimethylamine oxide-dependence on chain length of the perfluoro surfactant JF - Soft matter N2 - Phase behaviour and the mesoscopic structure of zwitanionic surfactant mixtures based on the zwitterionic tetradecyldimethylamine oxide (TDMAO) and anionic lithium perfluoroalkyl carboxylates have been investigated for various chain lengths of the perfluoro surfactant with an emphasis on spontaneously forming vesicles. These mixtures were studied at a constant total concentration of 50 mM and characterised by means of dynamic light scattering (DLS), electric conductivity, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), viscosity, and cryo-scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-SEM). No vesicles are formed for relatively short perfluoro surfactants. The extension of the vesicle phase becomes substantially larger with increasing chain length of the perfluoro surfactant, while at the same time the size of these vesicles increases. Head group interactions in these systems play a central role in the ability to form vesicles, as already protonating 10 mol% of the TDMAO largely enhances the propensity for vesicle formation. The range of vesicle formation in the phase diagram is not only substantially enlarged but also extends to shorter perfluoro surfactants, where without protonation no vesicles would be formed. The size and polydispersity of the vesicles are related to the chain length of the perfluoro surfactant, the vesicles becoming smaller and more monodisperse with increasing perfluoro surfactant chain length. The ability of the mixed systems to form well-defined unilamellar vesicles accordingly can be controlled by the length of the alkyl chain of the perfluorinated surfactant and depends strongly on the charge conditions, which can be tuned easily by pH-variation. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c1sm05618b SN - 1744-683X VL - 7 IS - 23 SP - 11232 EP - 11242 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sangoro, J. R. A1 - Iacob, C. A1 - Naumov, S. A1 - Valiullin, R. A1 - Rexhausen, Hans A1 - Hunger, J. A1 - Buchner, R. A1 - Strehmel, Veronika A1 - Kaerger, J. A1 - Kremer, F. T1 - Diffusion in ionic liquids the interplay between molecular structure and dynamics JF - Soft matter N2 - Diffusion in a series of ionic liquids is investigated by a combination of Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS) and Pulsed Field Gradient Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (PFG NMR). It is demonstrated that the mean jump lengths increase with the molecular volumes determined from quantum-chemical calculations. This provides a direct means-via Einstein-Smoluchowski relation-to determine the diffusion coefficient by BDS over more than 8 decades unambiguously and in quantitative agreement with PFG NMR measurements. New possibilities in the study of charge transport and dynamic glass transition in ionic liquids are thus opened. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c0sm01404d SN - 1744-683X VL - 7 IS - 5 SP - 1678 EP - 1681 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weiss, Jan A1 - Böttcher, Christoph A1 - Laschewsky, André T1 - Self-assembly of double thermoresponsive block copolymers end-capped with complementary trimethylsilyl groups JF - Soft matter N2 - A set of double thermoresponsive diblock copolymers poly(N-n-propylacrylamide)-block-poly(N-ethylacrylamide) (PNPAM-b-PNEAM) was synthesised by sequential reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerisations. Using a twofold trimethylsilyl (TMS)-labeled RAFT-agent, the relative size of the two blocks was varied. While soluble as unimers below 15 degrees C, all copolymers exhibited thermally induced two-step self-assembly in water, due to distinct lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phase transitions of PNPAM (around 20 degrees C) and PNEAM (around 70 degrees C). Their temperature-dependent self-organisation in dilute aqueous solution was studied by turbidimetry, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The copolymers show distinct, two-step self-organisation behaviour with respect to transition temperatures, aggregate type and size, which can be correlated to the relative lengths of the low and high LCST blocks. For polymers having short blocks with low LCST, the first thermal transition induces the formation of individual micelles. Further heating above the second thermal transition results reversibly either in a shrink of the micelle size or in aggregation of the micelles, with hydrodynamic diameters below 250 nm. In contrast in the case of polymers having a long block with low LCST, the first thermal transition already leads to clusters of micelles, while the second thermal transition makes the clusters shrink. Noteworthy, the twofold TMS-labeled end groups report not only on the molar masses of the polymers, but can simultaneously serve as NMR-probes for the self-assembly process. The signal of the TMS-aryl end group displays a reversible temperature dependent, two-step splitting that is indicative of the self-organisation of the block copolymers. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c0sm00531b SN - 1744-683X VL - 7 IS - 2 SP - 483 EP - 492 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stoyanov, Hristiyan A1 - Kollosche, Matthias A1 - Risse, Sebastian A1 - McCarthy, Denis N. A1 - Kofod, Guggi T1 - Elastic block copolymer nanocomposites with controlled interfacial interactions for artificial muscles with direct voltage control JF - Soft matter N2 - Soft, physically crosslinking, block copolymer elastomers were filled with surface-treated nanoparticles, in order to evaluate the possibility for improvement of their properties when used as soft dielectric actuators. The nanoparticles led to improvements in dielectric properties, however they also reinforced the elastomer matrix. Comparing dielectric spectra of composites with untreated and surface-treated particles showed a measurable influence of the surface on the dielectric loss behaviour for high filler amounts, strongly indicating an improved host-guest interaction for the surface-treated particles. Breakdown strength was measured using a test bench and was found to be in good agreement with the results from the actuation measurements. Actuation responses predicted by a model for prestrained actuators agreed well with measurements up to a filler amount of 20%(vol). Strong improvements in actuation behaviour were observed, with an optimum near 15%(vol) nanoparticles, corresponding to a reduction in electrical field of 27% for identical actuation strains. The use of physically crosslinking elastomer ensured the mechanical properties of the matrix elastomer were unchanged by nanoparticles effecting the crosslinking reaction, contrary to similar experiments performed with chemically crosslinking elastomers. This allows for a firm conclusion about the positive effects of surface-treated nanoparticles on actuation behavior. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c0sm00715c SN - 1744-683X SN - 1744-6848 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 194 EP - 202 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dimitrova, Ilinka A1 - Koppitz, Jörg T1 - On the maximal regular subsemigroups of ideals of order-preserving or order-reversing transformations JF - Semigroup forum N2 - We characterize the maximal regular subsemigroups of the ideals of the semigroup of all order-preserving transformations as well as of the semigroup of all order-preserving or order-reversing transformations on a finite ordered set. KW - Transformation semigroups KW - Regular semigroups KW - Order-preserving transformations KW - Order-reversing transformations KW - Maximal subsemigroups Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00233-010-9272-8 SN - 0037-1912 VL - 82 IS - 1 SP - 172 EP - 180 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Antoniou, Stella A1 - Pashalidis, I. A1 - Gessner, Andre A1 - Kumke, Michael Uwe T1 - The effect of humic acid on the formation and solubility of secondary solid phases (Nd(OH)CO3 and Sm(OH)CO3) JF - Radiochimica acta : international journal for chemical aspects of nuclear science and technology N2 - The formation of secondary Ln(III) solid phases (e.g. Nd(OH)CO3 and Sm(OH)CO3) has been studied as a function of the humic acid (HA) concentration in 0.1 M NaClO4 aqueous solution and their solubility has been investigated in the neutral pH range (6.5-8) under normal atmospheric conditions. Nd(III) and Sm(III) were selected as analogues for trivalent lanthanide and actinide ions. The solid phases under investigation have been prepared by alkaline precipitation and characterized by TGA, ATR-FTIR, XRD, TRLFS, DR-UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopy, and solubility measurements. The spectroscopic data obtained indicate that Nd(OH)CO3 and Sm(OH)CO3 are stable and remain the solubility limiting solid phases even in the presence of increased HA concentration (0.5 g/L) in solution. Upon base addition in the Ln(III)-HA system decomplexation of the previously formed Ln(III)-humate complexes and precipitation of two distinct phases occurs, the inorganic (Ln(OH)CO3) and the organic phase (HA), which is adsorbed on the particle surface of the former. Nevertheless, HA affects the particle size of the solid phases. Increasing HA concentration results in decreasing crystallite size of the Nd(OH)CO3 and increasing crystallite size of the Sm(OH)CO3 solid phase, and affects inversely the solubility of the solid phases. However, this impact on the solid phase properties is expected to be of minor relevance regarding the chemical behavior and migration of trivalent lanthanides and actinides in the geosphere. KW - Lanthanide ions KW - Humic acid KW - Solid phase KW - Solubility KW - Raman KW - TRLFS KW - DR-UV-Vis Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1524/ract.2011.1812 SN - 0033-8230 VL - 99 IS - 4 SP - 217 EP - 223 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wischnewski, Juliane A1 - Mischke, Steffen A1 - Wang, Yongbo A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike T1 - Reconstructing climate variability on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau since the last Lateglacial - a multi-proxy, dual-site approach comparing terrestrial and aquatic signals JF - Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal N2 - A sediment core from a closed basin lake (Lake Kuhai) from the semi-arid northeastern Tibetan Plateau was analysed for its pollen record to infer Lateglacial and post glacial vegetation and climatic change. At Lake Kuhai five major vegetation and climate shifts could be identified: (1) a change from cold and dry to relatively warmer and more moist conditions at 14.8 cal ka BP: (2) a shift to conditions of higher effective moisture and a stepwise warmer climate at 13.6 cal ka BP; (3) a further shift with increased moisture but colder conditions at 7.0 cal ka BP; (4) a return to a significantly colder and drier phase at 6.3 cal ka BP; (5) and a change back to relatively moist conditions at 2.2 cal ka BP. To investigate the response of lake ecosystems to climatic changes, statistical comparisons were made between the lake Kuhai pollen record and a formerly published ostracod and sedimentary record from the same sediment core. Furthermore, the pollen and lacustrine proxies from lake Kuhai were compared to a previously published pollen and lacustrine record from the nearby Lake Koucha. Statistical comparisons were done using non-metric multidimensional scaling and Procrustes rotation. Differences between lacustrine and pollen responses within one site could be identified, suggesting that lacustrine proxies are partly influenced by in-lake or local catchment processes, whereas the terrestrial (pollen) proxy shows a regional climate signal. Furthermore, we found regional differences in proxy response between lake Kuhai and Lake Koucha. Both pollen records reacted in similar ways to major environmental changes, with minor differences in the timing and magnitude of these changes. The lacustrine records were very similar in their timing and magnitude of response to environmental changes; however, the nature of change was at times very distinct. To place the current study in the context of Holocene moisture evolution across the Tibetan Plateau, we applied a five-scale moisture index and average link clustering to all available continuous palaeo-climate records from the Tibetan Plateau to possibly find general patterns of moisture evolution on the Plateau. However, no common regional pattern of moisture evolution during the Holocene could be detected. We assign this to complex responses of different proxies to environmental and atmospheric changes in an already very heterogeneous mountain landscape where minor differences in elevation can cause strong variation in microenvironments. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.10.001 SN - 0277-3791 VL - 30 IS - 1-2 SP - 82 EP - 97 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Parkinson, Jim A1 - Springer, Anne A1 - Prinz, Wolfgang T1 - Can you see me in the snow? - action simulation aids the detection of visually degraded human motion JF - The quarterly journal of experimental psychology N2 - Using a novel paradigm, we demonstrate that action simulation can directly facilitate ongoing perception of people's movements. Point-light actors (PLAs) representing common human motions were shown embedded in a visual noise reminiscent of "TV snow". At first, the PLAs were perceived clearly, then occluded from view for a short duration, during which it was hypothesized that a real-time action simulation was generated tracking the motion's course. The PLA then reappeared in motion at variable visibility against the noise, whilst detection thresholds for the reappearance were measured. In the crucial manipulation, the test motion was either temporally congruent with the motion as it would have continued during occlusion, and thus temporally matching the simulation, or temporally incongruent. Detection thresholds were lower for congruent than for incongruent reappearing motions, suggesting that reappearing motion that temporally matched the internal action simulation was more likely to be detected. KW - Biological motion KW - Action-perception KW - Real-time prediction KW - Point-light action Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2011.594895 SN - 1747-0218 VL - 64 IS - 8 SP - 1463 EP - 1472 PB - Wiley CY - Hove ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heister, Julian A1 - Würzner, Kay-Michael A1 - Bubenzer, Johannes A1 - Pohl, Edmund A1 - Hanneforth, Thomas A1 - Geyken, Alexander A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - dlexDB - A lexical database for the psychological and linguistic research JF - Psychologische Rundschau : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie N2 - The lexical database dlexDB supplies in form of an online database frequency-based norms of numerous process-related word properties for psychological and linguistic research. These values include well known variables such as printed frequency of word form and lemma as documented also in CELEX (Baayen, Piepenbrock und Gulikers, 1995). In addition, we compute new values like frequencies based on syllables, and morphemes as well as frequencies of character chains, and multiple word combinations. The statistics are based on the Kernkorpus des Digitalen Wrterbuchs der deutschen Sprache (DWDS) with over 100 million running words. We illustrate the validity of these norms with new results about fixation durations in sentence reading. KW - corpus linguistics KW - lexical database KW - dlex KW - dlexDB KW - CELEX KW - eve movement KW - reading KW - parafovea Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1026/0033-3042/a000029 SN - 0033-3042 SN - 2190-6238 VL - 62 IS - 1 SP - 10 EP - 20 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rjosk, Camilla A1 - McElvany, Nele A1 - Anders, Yvonne A1 - Becker, Michael T1 - Teachers' diagnostic skills in estimating students' basic reading capacities JF - Psychologie in Erziehung und Unterricht : Zeitschrift für Forschung und Praxis N2 - The present study investigates diagnostic skills of German teachers in estimating basic reading capacities of sixth graders and the way they relate to achievement heterogeneity of the judged student group and to students' language background. The data were obtained from a sample of 39 German teachers and their classes in the context of the Berlin Longitudinal Reading Study. Judgements on different levels were analysed (achievement of sixth graders in general and of individual students). Diagnostic skills were investigated using different indicators: the personal judgement error and tendency and the accuracy in identifying achievement differences between individual students (rank component). The accuracy in estimating reading capacities of students with and without a different language background was investigated by means of achievement level matched pairs. The outcomes indicated, among others, an overestimation of students' general achievement level and on average an acceptable accuracy in identifying achievement differences between individual students. They showed equal difficulties in judging performances of students with and without a different language background. KW - Diagnostic skills KW - diagnostic competence KW - teacher judgement accuracy KW - basic reading capacities KW - language background Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2378/peu2011.art04d SN - 0342-183X VL - 58 IS - 2 SP - 92 EP - 105 PB - Reinhardt CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lilie, Hauke A1 - Baer, Dorit A1 - Kettner, Karina A1 - Weininger, Ulrich A1 - Balbach, Jochen A1 - Naumann, Manfred A1 - Mueller, Eva-Christina A1 - Otto, Albrecht A1 - Gast, Klaus A1 - Golbik, Ralph A1 - Kriegel, Thomas T1 - Yeast hexokinase isoenzyme ScHxk2 stability of a two-domain protein with discontinuous domains JF - Protein engineering design & selection N2 - The hexokinase isoenzyme 2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ScHxk2) represents an archetype of a two-domain protein with the active site located in a cleft between the two domains. Binding of the substrate glucose results in a rigid body movement of the two domains leading to a cleft closure of the active site. Both domains of this enzyme are composed of discontinuous peptide sequences. This structural feature is reflected in the stability and folding of the ScHxk2 protein. Structural transitions induced by urea treatment resulted in the population of a thermodynamically stable folding intermediate, which, however, does not correspond to a molecule with one domain folded and the other unfolded. As demonstrated by different spectroscopic techniques, both domains are structurally affected by the partial denaturation. The intermediate possesses only 40% of the native secondary structural content and a substantial increase in the Stokes radius as judged by circular dichroism and dynamic light scattering analyses. One-dimensional H-1 NMR data prove that all tryptophan residues are in a non-native environment in the intermediate, indicating substantial changes in the tertiary structure. Still, the intermediate possesses quite a high stability for a transition intermediate of about Delta G = -22 kJ mol(-1). KW - dynamic light scattering KW - NMR KW - ScHxk2 KW - stability KW - transition intermediate Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/protein/gzq098 SN - 1741-0126 VL - 24 IS - 1-2 SP - 79 EP - 87 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mohnke, Sebastian A1 - Warschburger, Petra T1 - Body dissatisfaction among female and male adolescents comparing prevalence, predictors, and consequences between the sexes JF - Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie : Ergebnisse aus Psychotherapie, Beratung und Psychiatrie N2 - As part of the POPS study (Potsdam prevention of eating disorders) 300 adolescents aged between 10 and 13 years completed questionnaires measuring satisfaction with weight and muscles, body change strategies and disturbed eating behavior. More than half of the girls and a third of the boys are dissatisfied with their weight. Nearly 70% of the male participants were unhappy with their muscles. Both forms of body dissatisfaction are influenced by similar sociocultural and psychological factors. While weight dissatisfaction leads to weight reduction strategies and disturbed eating, muscle dissatisfaction results in muscle enhancement methods. Potential harmful consequences of excessive muscle building techniques are discussed. The data emphasize the need for a sex-specific investigation of body dissatisfaction and its consequences. Body image aspects relevant to boys should be added to intervention and prevention approaches. KW - body dissatisfaction KW - disturbed eating KW - muscle enhancement KW - prevention KW - adolescents Y1 - 2011 SN - 0032-7034 VL - 60 IS - 4 SP - 285 EP - 303 PB - Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kroeller, Katja A1 - Warschburger, Petra T1 - Problematic eating behavior in childhood do maternal feeding patterns play a role? JF - Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie : Ergebnisse aus Psychotherapie, Beratung und Psychiatrie N2 - Past research indicates an association in adults and young people of emotional and contextual factors with a higher risk for the development of eating disorders or obesity. Few studies focus on problematic eating patterns in childhood, especially in association with parental feeding strategies. 482 mothers completed a questionnaire about eating behaviors and the weight status of their 1- to 10-year-old child as well as their own feeding strategies. A classification of the child's eating behavior (food responsiveness, emotional eating, external eating, eating time and meal structure) using hierarchical cluster analysis revealed a conspicuous eating pattern (10 %) showing above-average values in all eating behaviors. Controlling for weight and demographic variables mothers of children with conspicuous eating patterns were characterized by restrictive strategies and were less likely to encourage or facilitate their child to control his or her eating. Similar problematic eating patterns were also identified in early childhood. The association of maternal feeding strategies - beyond weight control issues - with conspicuous eating patterns in children might indicate a possibility of early prevention through parent training. KW - child's eating behavior KW - problematic eating behavior KW - maternal feeding behavior KW - obesity Y1 - 2011 SN - 0032-7034 VL - 60 IS - 4 SP - 253 EP - 269 PB - Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Buller, Jens A1 - Laschewsky, André A1 - Lutz, Jean-Francois A1 - Wischerhoff, Erik T1 - Tuning the lower critical solution temperature of thermoresponsive polymers by biospecific recognition JF - Polymer Chemistry N2 - A thermosensitive statistical copolymer based on oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylates incorporating biotin was synthesized by free radical copolymerisation. The influence of added avidin on its thermoresponsive behaviour was investigated. The specific binding of avidin to the biotinylated copolymers provoked a marked increase of the lower critical solution temperature. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c1py00001b SN - 1759-9954 VL - 2 IS - 7 SP - 1486 EP - 1489 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zehm, Daniel A1 - Laschewsky, André A1 - Heunemann, Peggy A1 - Gradzielski, Michael A1 - Prevost, Sylvain A1 - Liang, Hua A1 - Rabe, Jürgen P. A1 - Lutz, Jean-Francois T1 - Synthesis and self-assembly of amphiphilic semi-brush and dual brush block copolymers in solution and on surfaces JF - Polymer Chemistry N2 - The combination of two techniques of controlled free radical polymerization, namely the reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) and the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) techniques, together with the use of a macromonomer allowed the synthesis of symmetrical triblock copolymers, designed as amphiphilic dual brushes. One type of brush was made of poly(n-butyl acrylate) as soft hydrophobic block, i.e. characterized by a low glass transition temperature, while the other one was made of hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The new triblock polymers represent "giant surfactants" according to their molecular architecture. The hydrophobic and hydrophilic blocks microphase separate in the bulk. In aqueous solution, they aggregate into globular micellar aggregates, their size being determined by the length of the stretched polymer molecules. As determined by the combination of various scattering techniques for the dual brush copolymer, a rather compact structure is formed, which is dominated by the large hydrophobic poly(n-butyl acrylate) block. The aggregation number for the dual brush is about 10 times larger than for the "semi-brush" precursor copolymer, due to the packing requirements for the much bulkier hydrophobic core. On mica surfaces the triblock copolymers adsorb with worm-like backbones and stretched out side chains. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c0py00200c SN - 1759-9954 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 137 EP - 147 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rohlfing, Anne-Katrin A1 - Miteva, Yana A1 - Moronetti, Lorenza A1 - He, Liping A1 - Lamitina, Todd T1 - The caenorhabditis elegans mucin-like protein OSM-8 negatively regulates osmosensitive physiology via the transmembrane protein PTR-23 JF - PLoS Genetics : a peer-reviewed, open-access journal N2 - The molecular mechanisms of animal cell osmoregulation are poorly understood. Genetic studies of osmoregulation in yeast have identified mucin-like proteins as critical regulators of osmosensitive signaling and gene expression. Whether mucins play similar roles in higher organisms is not known. Here, we show that mutations in the Caenorhabditis elegans mucin-like gene osm-8 specifically disrupt osmoregulatory physiological processes. In osm-8 mutants, normal physiological responses to hypertonic stress, such as the accumulation of organic osmolytes and activation of osmoresponsive gene expression, are constitutively activated. As a result, osm-8 mutants exhibit resistance to normally lethal levels of hypertonic stress and have an osmotic stress resistance (Osr) phenotype. To identify genes required for Osm-8 phenotypes, we performed a genome-wide RNAi osm-8 suppressor screen. After screening,18,000 gene knockdowns, we identified 27 suppressors that specifically affect the constitutive osmosensitive gene expression and Osr phenotypes of osm-8 mutants. We found that one suppressor, the transmembrane protein PTR-23, is co-expressed with osm-8 in the hypodermis and strongly suppresses several Osm-8 phenotypes, including the transcriptional activation of many osmosensitive mRNAs, constitutive glycerol accumulation, and osmotic stress resistance. Our studies are the first to show that an extracellular mucin-like protein plays an important role in animal osmoregulation in a manner that requires the activity of a novel transmembrane protein. Given that mucins and transmembrane proteins play similar roles in yeast osmoregulation, our findings suggest a possible evolutionarily conserved role for the mucin-plasma membrane interface in eukaryotic osmoregulation. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1001267 SN - 1553-7390 VL - 7 IS - 1 PB - PLoS CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pilz, Marco A1 - Parolai, Stefano A1 - Picozzi, Matteo A1 - Zschau, Jochen T1 - Evaluation of proxies for seismic site conditions in large urban areas the example of Santiago de Chile JF - Physics and chemistry of the earth N2 - Characterizing the local site response in large cities is an important step towards seismic hazard assessment. To this regard, single station seismic noise measurements were carried out at 146 sites in the northern part of Santiago de Chile. This extensive survey allowed the fundamental resonance frequency of the sedimentary cover, derived from horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratios, to be mapped. By inverting the spectral ratios under the constraint of the thickness of the sedimentary cover, known from previous gravimetric measurements, local S-wave velocity profiles have been retrieved. After interpolation between the individual profiles, the resulting high resolution 3D S-wave velocity model allows the entire area, as well as deeper parts of the basin, to be represented in great detail. Since one lithology shows a great scatter in the velocity values only a very general correlation between S-wave velocity in the uppermost 30 m (v(s)(30)) and local geology is found. Local S-wave velocity profiles can serve as a key factor in seismic hazard assessment, since they allow an estimate of the amplification potential of the sedimentary cover. Mapping the intensity distribution of the 27 February 2010 Maule, Chile, event (Mw = 8.8) the results indicate that local amplification of the ground motion might partially explain the damage distribution and encourage the use of the low cost seismic noise techniques for the study of seismic site effects. KW - Ambient seismic noise KW - H/V ratio KW - Inversion KW - S-wave velocity KW - Site effects Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2011.01.007 SN - 1474-7065 VL - 36 IS - 16 SP - 1259 EP - 1266 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Utecht, Manuel Martin A1 - Klamroth, Tillmann A1 - Saalfrank, Peter T1 - Optical absorption and excitonic coupling in azobenzenes forming self-assembled monolayers a study based on density functional theory JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - Based on the analysis of optical absorption spectra, it has recently been speculated that the excitonic coupling between individual azobenzene-functionalized alkanethiols arranged in a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on a gold surface could be strong enough to hinder collective trans-cis isomerization-on top of steric hindrance [Gahl et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2010, 132, 1831]. Using models of SAMs of increasing complexity (dimer, linear N-mers, and two-dimensionally arranged N-mers) and density functional theory on the (TD-) B3LYP/6-31G* level, we determine optical absorption spectra, the nature and magnitude of excitonic couplings, and the corresponding spectral shifts. It is found that at inter-monomer distances of about 20 angstrom and above, TD-B3LYP excitation frequencies (and signal intensities) can be well described by the frequently used point-dipole approximation. Further, calculated blue shifts in optical absorption spectra account for the experimental observations made for azobenzene/gold SAMs, and hint to the fact that they can indeed be responsible for reduced switching probability in densely packed self-assembled structures. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cp22793a SN - 1463-9076 VL - 13 IS - 48 SP - 21608 EP - 21614 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kleinpeter, Erich A1 - Koch, Andreas T1 - Chelatoaromaticity-existing: yes or no? An answer given by spatial magnetic properties (through space NMR shieldings-TSNMRS) JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - The spatial magnetic properties (through space NMR shieldings-TSNMRS) of metal complexes (with ligands such as acetylacetone, 3-hydroxy-pyran(4) one) and "metallobenzenes" have been calculated by the GIAO perturbation method and visualized as Iso-Chemical-Shielding Surfaces (ICSS) of various sizes and directions. The TSNMRS values, thus obtained, can be successfully employed to quantify and visualize partial aromaticity of the metallocyclic ring by comparison with the spatial magnetic properties of the corresponding non-complexed ligands in comparable structural and electronic situations, and benzene, respectively. Because anisotropy/ring current effects in H-1 NMR spectra proved to be the molecular response property of TSNMRS, the results obtained concerning partial "chelatoaromaticity" are experimentally ensured. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cp21942a SN - 1463-9076 SN - 1463-9084 VL - 13 IS - 46 SP - 20593 EP - 20601 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tiseanu, Carmen A1 - Parvulescu, Vasile I. A1 - Boutonnet, Magali A1 - Cojocaru, Bogdan A1 - Primus, Philipp A. A1 - Teodorescu, Cristian M. A1 - Solans, Conchita A1 - Sanchez Dominguez, Margarita T1 - Surface versus volume effects in luminescent ceria nanocrystals synthesized by an oil-in-water microemulsion method JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - Pure and europium (Eu3+) doped cerium dioxide (CeO2) nanocrystals have been synthesized by a novel oil-in-water microemulsion reaction method under soft conditions. In-situ X-ray diffraction and RAMAN spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, UV/Vis diffuse-reflectance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as well as time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy were used to characterize the nanaocrystals. The as-synthesized powders are nanocrystalline and have a narrow size distribution centered on 3 nm and high surface area of similar to 250 m(2) g(-1). Only a small fraction of the europium ions substitutes for the bulk, cubic Ce4+ sites in the europium-doped ceria nanocrystals. Upon calcination up to 1000 degrees C, a remarkable high surface area of similar to 120 m(2) g (-1) is preserved whereas an enrichment of the surface Ce4+ relative to Ce3+ ions and relative strong europium emission with a lifetime of similar to 1.8 ms and FWHM as narrow as 10 cm(-1) are measured. Under excitation into the UV and visible spectral range, the europium doped ceria nanocrystals display a variable emission spanning the orange-red wavelengths. The tunable emission is explained by the heterogeneous distribution of the europium dopants within the ceria nanocrystals coupled with the progressive diffusion of the europium ions from the surface to the inner ceria sites and the selective participation of the ceria host to the emission sensitization. Effects of the bulk-doping and impregnation with europium on the ceria host structure and optical properties are also discussed. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cp21135h SN - 1463-9076 VL - 13 IS - 38 SP - 17135 EP - 17145 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thiel, Kerstin A1 - Klamroth, Tillmann A1 - Strauch, Peter A1 - Taubert, Andreas T1 - On the interaction of ascorbic acid and the tetrachlorocuprate ion [CuCl4](2-) in CuCl nanoplatelet formation from an ionic liquid precursor (ILP) JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - The formation of CuCl nanoplatelets from the ionic liquid precursor (ILP) butylpyridinium tetrachlorocuprate [C4Py](2)[CuCl4] using ascorbic acid as a reducing agent was investigated. In particular, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to evaluate the interaction between ascorbic acid and the Cu(II) ion before reduction to Cu(I). EPR spectroscopy suggests that the [CuCl4](2-) ion in the neat IL is a distorted tetrahedron, consistent with DFT calculations. Addition of ascorbic acid leads to the removal of one chloride from the [CuCl4](2-) anion, as shown by DFT and the loss of symmetry by EPR. DFT furthermore suggests that the most stable adduct is formed when only one hydroxyl group of the ascorbic acid coordinates to the Cu(II) ion. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cp20648f SN - 1463-9076 VL - 13 IS - 30 SP - 13537 EP - 13543 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Filimon, Marlena A1 - Kopf, Ilona A1 - Schmidt, Dietrich A. A1 - Bruendermann, Erik A1 - Rühe, Jürgen A1 - Santer, Svetlana A1 - Havenith, Martina T1 - Local chemical composition of nanophase-separated polymer brushes JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - Using scattering scanning nearfield infrared microscopy (s-SNIM), we have imaged the nanoscale phase separation of mixed polystyrene-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-PMMA) brushes and investigated changes in the top layer as a function of solvent exposure. We deduce that the top-layer of the mixed brushes is composed primarily of PMMA after exposure to acetone, while after exposure to toluene this changes to PS. Access to simultaneously measured topographic and chemical information allows direct correlation of the chemical morphology of the sample with topographic information. Our results demonstrate the potential of s-SNIM for chemical mapping based on distinct infrared absorption properties of polymers with a high spatial resolution of 80 nm x 80 nm. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c0cp02756a SN - 1463-9076 VL - 13 IS - 24 SP - 11620 EP - 11626 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dodoo, S. A1 - Steitz, R. A1 - Laschewsky, André A1 - von Klitzing, Regine T1 - Effect of ionic strength and type of ions on the structure of water swollen polyelectrolyte multilayers JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - This study addresses the effect of ionic strength and type of ions on the structure and water content of polyelectrolyte multilayers. Polyelectrolyte multilayers of poly(sodium-4-styrene sulfonate) (PSS) and poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) prepared at different NaF, NaCl and NaBr concentrations have been investigated by neutron reflectometry against vacuum, H2O and D2O. Both thickness and water content of the multilayers increase with increasing ionic strength and increasing ion size. Two types of water were identified, "void water" which fills the voids of the multilayers and does not contribute to swelling but to a change in scattering length density and "swelling water" which directly contributes to swelling of the multilayers. The amount of void water decreases with increasing salt concentration and anion radius while the amount of swelling water increases with salt concentration and anion radius. This is interpreted as a denser structure in the dry state and larger ability to swell in water (sponge) for multilayers prepared from high ionic strengths and/or salt solution of large anions. No exchange of hydration water or replacement of H by D was detected even after eight hours incubation time in water of opposing isotopic composition. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c0cp01357a SN - 1463-9076 VL - 13 IS - 21 SP - 10318 EP - 10325 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Füchsel, Gernot A1 - Klamroth, Tillmann A1 - Monturet, Serge A1 - Saalfrank, Peter T1 - Dissipative dynamics within the electronic friction approach the femtosecond laser desorption of H-2/D-2 from Ru(0001) JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - An electronic friction approach based on Langevin dynamics is used to describe the multidimensional (six-dimensional) dynamics of femtosecond laser induced desorption of H-2 and D-2 from a H(D)-covered Ru(0001) surface. The paper extends previous reduced-dimensional models, using a similar approach. In the present treatment forces and frictional coefficients are calculated from periodic density functional theory (DFT) and essentially parameter-free, while the action of femtosecond laser pulses on the metal surface is treated by using the two-temperature model. Our calculations shed light on the performance and validity of various adiabatic, non-adiabatic, and Arrhenius/Kramers type kinetic models to describe hot-electron mediated photoreactions at metal surfaces. The multidimensional frictional dynamics are able to reproduce and explain known experimental facts, such as strong isotope effects, scaling of properties with laser fluence, and non-equipartitioning of vibrational, rotational, and translational energies of desorbing species. Further, detailed predictions regarding translations are made, and the question for the controllability of photoreactions at surfaces with the help of vibrational preexcitation is addressed. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c0cp02086a SN - 1463-9076 VL - 13 IS - 19 SP - 8659 EP - 8670 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bartlett, Nate C. -M. A1 - Jankunas, Justin A1 - Goswami, Tapas A1 - Zare, Richard N. A1 - Bouakline, Foudhil A1 - Althorpe, Stuart C. T1 - Differential cross sections for H + D-2 -> HD(v '=2, j '=0,3,6,9) + D at center-of-mass collision energies of 1.25, 1.61, and 1.97 eV JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - We have measured differential cross sections (DCSs) for the reaction H + D-2 -> HD- (v' = 2, j' = 0,3,6,9) + D at center-of-mass collision energies E-coll of 1.25, 1.61, and 1.97 eV using the photoloc technique. The DCSs show a strong dependence on the product rotational quantum number. For the HD(v' = 2, j' = 0) product, the DCS is bimodal but becomes oscillatory as the collision energy is increased. For the other product states, they are dominated by a single peak, which shifts from back to sideward scattering as j' increases, and they are in general less sensitive to changes in the collision energy. The experimental results are compared to quantum mechanical calculations and show good, but not fully quantitative agreement. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c0cp02460k SN - 1463-9076 VL - 13 IS - 18 SP - 8175 EP - 8179 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Belova, Valentina A1 - Shchukin, Dmitry G. A1 - Gorin, Dmitry A. A1 - Kopyshev, Alexey A1 - Moehwald, Helmuth T1 - A new approach to nucleation of cavitation bubbles at chemically modified surfaces JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - Cavitation at the solid surface normally begins with nucleation, in which defects or assembled molecules located at a liquid-solid interface act as nucleation centers and are actively involved in the evolution of cavitation bubbles. Here, we propose a simple approach to evaluate the behavior of cavitation bubbles formed under high intensity ultrasound (20 kHz, 51.3 W cm (2)) at solid surfaces, based on sonication of patterned substrates with a small roughness (less than 3 nm) and controllable surface energy. A mixture of octadecylphosphonic acid (ODTA) and octadecanethiol (ODT) was stamped on the Si wafer coated with different thicknesses of an aluminium layer (20-500 nm). We investigated the growth mechanism of cavitation bubble nuclei and the evolution of individual pits (defects) formed under sonication on the modified surface. A new activation behavior as a function of Al thickness, sonication time, ultrasonic power and temperature is reported. In this process cooperativity is introduced, as initially formed pits further reduce the energy to form bubbles. Furthermore, cavitation on the patterns is a controllable process, where up to 40-50 min of sonication time only the hydrophobic areas are active nucleation sites. This study provides a convincing proof of our theoretical approach on nucleation. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cp20218a SN - 1463-9076 VL - 13 IS - 17 SP - 8015 EP - 8023 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Horsch, Philipp A1 - Urbasch, Gunter A1 - Weitzel, Karl-Michael A1 - Kroener, Dominik T1 - Circular dichroism in ion yields employing femtosecond laser ionization-the role of laser pulse duration JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - The circular dichroism (CD) induced by femtosecond laser pulse excitation of 3-methylcyclopentanone has been investigated by means of experiment and theory as a function of the laser pulse duration. In the experiment the CD in ion yields is measured by femtosecond laser ionization via a one-photon resonant excited state. In the theoretical part the CD is calculated by solving laser driven quantum electron dynamics for the same resonant excitation based on ab initio electronic structure calculations employing a complete description of the electric field-electric dipole and magnetic field-magnetic dipole interactions. Both the experimentally measured CD in ion yields and the calculated CD in excited state populations exhibit a marked increase of the CD for pulse duration increasing from 50 fs to about 200 fs. Beyond 200 fs pulse duration the CD levels off. The combination of experimental and theoretical evidences indicates that the CD decreases with increasing laser intensity connected to the increased coupling between the excited states. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c0cp01903h SN - 1463-9076 VL - 13 IS - 6 SP - 2378 EP - 2386 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richter, Rico A1 - Döllner, Jürgen Roland Friedrich T1 - Integrated real-time visualisation of massive 3D-Point clouds and geo-referenced textured dates JF - Photogrammetrie, Fernerkundung, Geoinformation Y1 - 2011 SN - 1432-8364 IS - 3 SP - 145 EP - 154 PB - Schweizerbart CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klaus, Valentin H. A1 - Kleinebecker, Till A1 - Hoelzel, Norbert A1 - Bluethgen, Nico A1 - Boch, Steffen A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Socher, Stephanie A. A1 - Prati, Daniel A1 - Fischer, Markus T1 - Nutrient concentrations and fibre contents of plant community biomass reflect species richness patterns along a broad range of land-use intensities among agricultural grasslands JF - Perspectives in plant ecology, evolution and systematics N2 - Understanding changes in biodiversity in agricultural landscapes in relation to land-use type and intensity is a major issue in current ecological research. In this context nutrient enrichment has been identified as a key mechanism inducing species loss in Central European grassland ecosystems. At the same time, insights into the linkage between agricultural land use and plant nutrient status are largely missing. So far, studies on the relationship between chemical composition of plant community biomass and biodiversity have mainly been restricted to wetlands and all these studies neglected the effects of land use. Therefore, we analyzed aboveground biomass of 145 grassland plots covering a gradient of land-use intensities in three regions across Germany. In particular, we explored relationships between vascular plant species richness and nutrient concentrations as well as fibre contents (neutral and acid detergent fibre and lignin) in the aboveground community biomass. We found the concentrations of several nutrients in the biomass to be closely linked to plant species richness and land use. Whereas phosphorus concentrations increased with land-use intensity and decreased with plant species richness, nitrogen and potassium concentrations showed less clear patterns. Fibre fractions were negatively related to nutrient concentrations in biomass, but hardly to land-use measures and species richness. Only high lignin contents were positively associated with species richness of grasslands. The N:P ratio was strongly positively related to species richness and even more so to the number of endangered plant species, indicating a higher persistence of endangered species under P (co-)limited conditions. Therefore, we stress the importance of low P supply for species-rich grasslands and suggest the N:P ratio in community biomass to be a useful proxy of the conservation value of agriculturally used grasslands. KW - Biodiversity exploratories KW - Fertilization KW - Grazing KW - Land use KW - Mowing KW - Nitrogen KW - Nutrient limitation KW - Phosphorus KW - Productivity Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2011.07.001 SN - 1433-8319 VL - 13 IS - 4 SP - 287 EP - 295 PB - Elsevier CY - Jena ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Albert, Cécile H. A1 - Grassein, Fabrice A1 - Schurr, Frank Martin A1 - Vieilledent, Ghislain A1 - Violle, Cyrille T1 - When and how should intraspecific variability be considered in trait-based plant ecology? JF - Perspectives in plant ecology, evolution and systematics N2 - Trait-based studies have become extremely common in plant ecology. Trait-based approaches often rely on the tacit assumption that intraspecific trait variability (ITV) is negligible compared to interspecific variability, so that species can be characterized by mean trait values. Yet, numerous recent studies have challenged this assumption by showing that ITV significantly affects various ecological processes. Accounting for ITV may thus strengthen trait-based approaches, but measuring trait values on a large number of individuals per species and site is not feasible. Therefore, it is important and timely to synthesize existing knowledge on ITV in order to (1) decide critically when ITV should be considered, and (2) establish methods for incorporating this variability. Here we propose a practical set of rules to identify circumstances under which ITV should be accounted for. We formulate a spatial trait variance partitioning hypothesis to highlight the spatial scales at which ITV cannot be ignored in ecological studies. We then refine a set of four consecutive questions on the research question, the spatial scale, the sampling design, and the type of studied traits, to determine case-by-case if a given study should quantify ITV and test its effects. We review methods for quantifying ITV and develop a step-by-step guideline to design and interpret simulation studies that test for the importance of ITV. Even in the absence of quantitative knowledge on ITV, its effects can be assessed by varying trait values within species within realistic bounds around the known mean values. We finish with a discussion of future requirements to further incorporate ITV within trait-based approaches. This paper thus delineates a general framework to account for ITV and suggests a direction towards a more quantitative trait-based ecology. KW - Comparative ecology KW - Functional ecology KW - Genetic variability KW - Intraspecific functional variability KW - Phenotypic plasticity KW - Plant functional hairs KW - Within-species variability Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2011.04.003 SN - 1433-8319 VL - 13 IS - 3 SP - 217 EP - 225 PB - Elsevier CY - Jena ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Knobloch, Jörn T1 - Postdemocracy and postsocialism the convergence of two crises by using the example of Russia JF - Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft N2 - The article compares the postdemocracy with the postsocialism. At first the paper analyzes the debate of the postdemocracy and points out an analytical model of postdemocracy. Afterwards the paper searches for symptoms of the postdemocracy within the case of Russia which appears as one possible ideal type of postsocialism. The comparison shows that both post-phenomenons are two sides of one global process of transformation. However, the case of postsocialism acts as a trendsetter. The postsocialist Russia sets an example for the possible developments of the postdemocracy. KW - Postdemocracy KW - Postsocialism KW - Russia KW - power KW - depoliticization Y1 - 2011 SN - 1615-5548 VL - 40 IS - 2 SP - 169 EP - + PB - Facultas.wuv CY - Wien ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wessig, Pablo A1 - Matthes, Annika A1 - Pick, Charlotte T1 - The photo-dehydro-Diels-Alder (PDDA) reaction JF - Organic & biomolecular chemistry : an international journal of synthetic, physical and biomolecular organic chemistry N2 - The photo-dehydro-Diels-Alder (PDDA) reaction is a valuable extension of the classical Diels-Alder (DA) reaction. The PDDA reaction differs from the DA reaction by the replacement of one of the C-C-double bonds of the diene moiety by a C-C triple bond and by the photochemical triggering of the reaction. This entails that, in contrast to the DA reaction, the PDDA reaction proceeds according to a multistage mechanism with biradicals and cycloallenes as intermediates. The PDDA reaction provides access to a considerable variety of compound classes. For example, 1-phenylnaphthlenes, 1,1'-binaphthyls, N-heterocyclic biaryls, and naphthalenophanes could be obtained by this reaction. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ob06066j SN - 1477-0520 VL - 9 IS - 22 SP - 7599 EP - 7605 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Bernd A1 - Hölter, Frank T1 - Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reactions with Phenoldiazonium salts JF - Organic & biomolecular chemistry : an international journal of synthetic, physical and biomolecular organic chemistry N2 - The Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of phenol diazonium salts and aryl trifluoroborates yields 4-hydroxybiaryls in a protecting group-free synthesis. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ob05256j SN - 1477-0520 VL - 9 IS - 13 SP - 4914 EP - 4920 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kleinpeter, Erich A1 - Laemmermann, Anica A1 - Kühn, Heiner T1 - The anisotropic effect of functional groups in H-1 NMR spectra is the molecular response property of spatial nucleus independent chemical shifts (NICS)-Conformational equilibria of exo/endo tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene derivatives JF - Organic & biomolecular chemistry : an international journal of synthetic, physical and biomolecular organic chemistry N2 - The inversion of the flexible five-membered ring in tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (TH-DCPD) derivatives remains fast on the NMR timescale even at 103 K. Since the intramolecular exchange process could not be sufficiently slowed for spectroscopic evaluation, the conformational equilibrium is thus inaccessible by dynamic NMR. Fortunately, the spatial magnetic properties of the aryl and carbonyl groups attached to the DCPD skeleton can be employed in order to evaluate the conformational state of the system. In this context, the anisotropic effects of the functional groups in the H-1 NMR spectra prove to be the molecular response property of spatial nucleus independent chemical shifts (NICS). Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c0ob00356e SN - 1477-0520 VL - 9 IS - 4 SP - 1098 EP - 1111 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Buchmann, Carsten M. A1 - Schurr, Frank Martin A1 - Nathan, Ran A1 - Jeltsch, Florian T1 - An allometric model of home range formation explains the structuring of animal communities exploiting heterogeneous resources JF - Oikos N2 - Understanding and predicting the composition and spatial structure of communities is a central challenge in ecology. An important structural property of animal communities is the distribution of individual home ranges. Home range formation is controlled by resource heterogeneity, the physiology and behaviour of individual animals, and their intra- and interspecific interactions. However, a quantitative mechanistic understanding of how home range formation influences community composition is still lacking. To explore the link between home range formation and community composition in heterogeneous landscapes we combine allometric relationships for physiological properties with an algorithm that selects optimal home ranges given locomotion costs, resource depletion and competition in a spatially-explicit individual-based modelling framework. From a spatial distribution of resources and an input distribution of animal body mass, our model predicts the size and location of individual home ranges as well as the individual size distribution (ISD) in an animal community. For a broad range of body mass input distributions, including empirical body mass distributions of North American and Australian mammals, our model predictions agree with independent data on the body mass scaling of home range size and individual abundance in terrestrial mammals. Model predictions are also robust against variation in habitat productivity and landscape heterogeneity. The combination of allometric relationships for locomotion costs and resource needs with resource competition in an optimal foraging framework enables us to scale from individual properties to the structure of animal communities in heterogeneous landscapes. The proposed spatially-explicit modelling concept not only allows for detailed investigation of landscape effects on animal communities, but also provides novel insights into the mechanisms by which resource competition in space shapes animal communities. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18556.x SN - 0030-1299 VL - 120 IS - 1 SP - 106 EP - 118 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Malden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rocha, Marcia R. A1 - Vasseur, David A. A1 - Hayn, Michael A1 - Holschneider, Matthias A1 - Gaedke, Ursula T1 - Variability patterns differ between standing stock and process rates JF - Oikos N2 - Standing stocks are typically easier to measure than process rates such as production. Hence, stocks are often used as indicators of ecosystem functions although the latter are generally more strongly related to rates than to stocks. The regulation of stocks and rates and thus their variability over time may differ, as stocks constitute the net result of production and losses. Based on long-term high frequency measurements in a large, deep lake we explore the variability patterns in primary and bacterial production and relate them to those of the corresponding standing stocks, i.e. chlorophyll concentration, phytoplankton and bacterial biomass. We employ different methods (coefficient of variation, spline fitting and spectral analysis) which complement each other for assessing the variability present in the plankton data, at different temporal scales. In phytoplankton, we found that the overall variability of primary production is dominated by fluctuations at low frequencies, such as the annual, whereas in stocks and chlorophyll in particular, higher frequencies contribute substantially to the overall variance. This suggests that using standing stocks instead of rate measures leads to an under- or overestimation of food shortage for consumers during distinct periods of the year. The range of annual variation in bacterial production is 8 times greater than biomass, showing that the variability of bacterial activity (e.g. oxygen consumption, remineralisation) would be underestimated if biomass is used. The P/B ratios were variable and although clear trends are present in both bacteria and phytoplankton, no systematic relationship between stock and rate measures were found for the two groups. Hence, standing stock and process rate measures exhibit different variability patterns and care is needed when interpreting the mechanisms and implications of the variability encountered. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18786.x SN - 0030-1299 VL - 120 IS - 1 SP - 17 EP - 25 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Malden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Donges, Jonathan Friedemann A1 - Donner, Reik Volker A1 - Rehfeld, Kira A1 - Marwan, Norbert A1 - Trauth, Martin H. A1 - Kurths, Jürgen T1 - Identification of dynamical transitions in marine palaeoclimate records by recurrence network analysis JF - Nonlinear processes in geophysics N2 - The analysis of palaeoclimate time series is usually affected by severe methodological problems, resulting primarily from non-equidistant sampling and uncertain age models. As an alternative to existing methods of time series analysis, in this paper we argue that the statistical properties of recurrence networks - a recently developed approach - are promising candidates for characterising the system's nonlinear dynamics and quantifying structural changes in its reconstructed phase space as time evolves. In a first order approximation, the results of recurrence network analysis are invariant to changes in the age model and are not directly affected by non-equidistant sampling of the data. Specifically, we investigate the behaviour of recurrence network measures for both paradigmatic model systems with non-stationary parameters and four marine records of long-term palaeoclimate variations. We show that the obtained results are qualitatively robust under changes of the relevant parameters of our method, including detrending, size of the running window used for analysis, and embedding delay. We demonstrate that recurrence network analysis is able to detect relevant regime shifts in synthetic data as well as in problematic geoscientific time series. This suggests its application as a general exploratory tool of time series analysis complementing existing methods. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-18-545-2011 SN - 1023-5809 VL - 18 IS - 5 SP - 545 EP - 562 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Benmehdi, Sabah A1 - Makarava, Natallia A1 - Benhamidouche, N. A1 - Holschneider, Matthias T1 - Bayesian estimation of the self-similarity exponent of the Nile River fluctuation JF - Nonlinear processes in geophysics N2 - The aim of this paper is to estimate the Hurst parameter of Fractional Gaussian Noise (FGN) using Bayesian inference. We propose an estimation technique that takes into account the full correlation structure of this process. Instead of using the integrated time series and then applying an estimator for its Hurst exponent, we propose to use the noise signal directly. As an application we analyze the time series of the Nile River, where we find a posterior distribution which is compatible with previous findings. In addition, our technique provides natural error bars for the Hurst exponent. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-18-441-2011 SN - 1023-5809 VL - 18 IS - 3 SP - 441 EP - 446 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arvidsson, Samuel Janne A1 - Perez-Rodriguez, Paulino A1 - Müller-Röber, Bernd T1 - A growth phenotyping pipeline for Arabidopsis thaliana integrating image analysis and rosette area modeling for robust quantification of genotype effects JF - New phytologist : international journal of plant science N2 - To gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind biomass accumulation, it is important to study plant growth behavior. Manually phenotyping large sets of plants requires important human resources and expertise and is typically not feasible for detection of weak growth phenotypes. Here, we established an automated growth phenotyping pipeline for Arabidopsis thaliana to aid researchers in comparing growth behaviors of different genotypes. The analysis pipeline includes automated image analysis of two-dimensional digital plant images and evaluation of manually annotated information of growth stages. It employs linear mixed-effects models to quantify genotype effects on total rosette area and relative leaf growth rate (RLGR) and ANOVAs to quantify effects on developmental times. Using the system, a single researcher can phenotype up to 7000 plants d(-1). Technical variance is very low (typically < 2%). We show quantitative results for the growth-impaired starch-excessmutant sex4-3 and the growth-enhancedmutant grf9. We show that recordings of environmental and developmental variables reduce noise levels in the phenotyping datasets significantly and that careful examination of predictor variables (such as d after sowing or germination) is crucial to avoid exaggerations of recorded phenotypes and thus biased conclusions. KW - development KW - growth KW - leaf area KW - modeling KW - phenotyping Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03756.x SN - 0028-646X VL - 191 IS - 3 SP - 895 EP - 907 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Malden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Moradi, Ahmad B. A1 - Carminati, Andrea A1 - Vetterlein, Doris A1 - Vontobel, Peter A1 - Lehmann, Eberhard A1 - Weller, Ulrich A1 - Hopmans, Jan W. A1 - Vogel, Hans-Jörg A1 - Oswald, Sascha Eric T1 - Three-dimensional visualization and quantification of water content in the rhizosphere JF - New phytologist : international journal of plant science N2 - Despite the importance of rhizosphere properties for water flow from soil to roots, there is limited quantitative information on the distribution of water in the rhizosphere of plants. Here, we used neutron tomography to quantify and visualize the water content in the rhizosphere of the plant species chickpea (Cicer arietinum), white lupin (Lupinus albus), and maize (Zea mays) 12 d after planting. We clearly observed increasing soil water contents (h) towards the root surface for all three plant species, as opposed to the usual assumption of decreasing water content. This was true for tap roots and lateral roots of both upper and lower parts of the root system. Furthermore, water gradients around the lower part of the roots were smaller and extended further into bulk soil compared with the upper part, where the gradients in water content were steeper. Incorporating the hydraulic conductivity and water retention parameters of the rhizosphere into our model, we could simulate the gradual changes of h towards the root surface, in agreement with the observations. The modelling result suggests that roots in their rhizosphere may modify the hydraulic properties of soil in a way that improves uptake under dry conditions. KW - extent of rhizosphere KW - modelling KW - neutron tomography KW - rhizosphere hydraulic properties KW - root water uptake KW - soil moisture profile KW - water distribution Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03826.x SN - 0028-646X VL - 192 IS - 3 SP - 653 EP - 663 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lachmuth, Susanne A1 - Durka, Walter A1 - Schurr, Frank Martin T1 - Differentiation of reproductive and competitive ability in the invaded range of Senecio inaequidens the role of genetic Allee effects, adaptive and nonadaptive evolution JF - New phytologist : international journal of plant science N2 - Genetic differentiation in the competitive and reproductive ability of invading populations can result from genetic Allee effects or r/K selection at the local or range-wide scale. However, the neutral relatedness of populations may either mask or falsely suggest adaptation and genetic Allee effects. In a common-garden experiment, we investigated the competitive and reproductive ability of invasive Senecio inaequidens populations that vary in neutral genetic diversity, population age and field vegetation cover. To account for population relatedness, we analysed the experimental results with 'animal models' adopted from quantitative genetics. Consistent with adaptive r/K differentiation at local scales, we found that genotypes from low-competition environments invest more in reproduction and are more sensitive to competition. By contrast, apparent effects of large-scale r/K differentiation and apparent genetic Allee effects can largely be explained by neutral population relatedness. Invading populations should not be treated as homogeneous groups, as they may adapt quickly to small-scale environmental variation in the invaded range. Furthermore, neutral population differentiation may strongly influence invasion dynamics and should be accounted for in analyses of common-garden experiments. KW - animal models KW - biological invasions KW - genetic Allee effects KW - interspecific competition KW - life history evolution KW - nonadaptive evolution KW - r and K selection KW - reproduction Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03808.x SN - 0028-646X VL - 192 IS - 2 SP - 529 EP - 541 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Malden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mantion, Alexandre A1 - Graf, Philipp A1 - Florea, Ileana A1 - Haase, Andrea A1 - Thuenemann, Andreas F. A1 - Masic, Admir A1 - Ersen, Ovidiu A1 - Rabu, Pierre A1 - Meier, Wolfgang P. A1 - Luch, Andreas A1 - Taubert, Andreas T1 - Biomimetic synthesis of chiral erbium-doped silver/peptide/silica core-shell nanoparticles (ESPN) JF - Nanoscale N2 - Peptide-modified silver nanoparticles have been coated with an erbium-doped silica layer using a method inspired by silica biomineralization. Electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering confirm the presence of an Ag/peptide core and silica shell. The erbium is present as small Er(2)O(3) particles in and on the silica shell. Raman, IR, UV-Vis, and circular dichroism spectroscopies show that the peptide is still present after shell formation and the nanoparticles conserve a chiral plasmon resonance. Magnetic measurements find a paramagnetic behavior. In vitro tests using a macrophage cell line model show that the resulting multicomponent nanoparticles have a low toxicity for macrophages, even on partial dissolution of the silica shell. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c1nr10930h SN - 2040-3364 VL - 3 IS - 12 SP - 5168 EP - 5179 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Straube, Arthur V. A1 - Pikovskij, Arkadij T1 - Pattern formation induced by time-dependent advection JF - Mathematical modelling of natural phenomena N2 - We study pattern-forming instabilities in reaction-advection-diffusion systems. We develop an approach based on Lyapunov-Bloch exponents to figure out the impact of a spatially periodic mixing flow on the stability of a spatially homogeneous state. We deal with the flows periodic in space that may have arbitrary time dependence. We propose a discrete in time model, where reaction, advection, and diffusion act as successive operators, and show that a mixing advection can lead to a pattern-forming instability in a two-component system where only one of the species is advected. Physically, this can be explained as crossing a threshold of Turing instability due to effective increase of one of the diffusion constants. KW - pattern formation KW - reaction-advection-diffusion equation Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/mmnp/20116107 SN - 0973-5348 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 138 EP - 148 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Douce, Laurent A1 - Suisse, Jean-Moise A1 - Guillon, Daniel A1 - Taubert, Andreas T1 - Imidazolium-based liquid crystals a modular platform for versatile new materials with finely tuneable properties and behaviour JF - Liquid crystals : an international journal of science and technology N2 - Ionic liquid Crystals constitute highly versatile materials that have drawn much interest these past few years in the fields of academic research and industrial development. In this respect, the present article is intended as an update of K. Binnemans review published in 2005, but focusing exclusively on the imidazolium cation - the most widely studied. Herein, imidazolium-containing thermotropic liquid crystalline materials will be sorted by molecular structure (mono-, bis-, poly-imidazolium compounds, with symmetrical and non-symmetrical structures) and discussed. Their physico-chemical properties will be exposed in order to adduce the relevancy and potential of the imidazolium platform in various fields of research. KW - imidazolium KW - liquid crystal KW - ionic liquid Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02678292.2011.610474 SN - 0267-8292 VL - 38 IS - 11-12 SP - 1653 EP - 1661 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Boston, Marisa Ferrara A1 - Hale, John T. A1 - Vasishth, Shravan A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - Parallel processing and sentence comprehension difficulty JF - Language and cognitive processes N2 - Eye fixation durations during normal reading correlate with processing difficulty, but the specific cognitive mechanisms reflected in these measures are not well understood. This study finds support in German readers' eye fixations for two distinct difficulty metrics: surprisal, which reflects the change in probabilities across syntactic analyses as new words are integrated; and retrieval, which quantifies comprehension difficulty in terms of working memory constraints. We examine the predictions of both metrics using a family of dependency parsers indexed by an upper limit on the number of candidate syntactic analyses they retain at successive words. Surprisal models all fixation measures and regression probability. By contrast, retrieval does not model any measure in serial processing. As more candidate analyses are considered in parallel at each word, retrieval can account for the same measures as surprisal. This pattern suggests an important role for ranked parallelism in theories of sentence comprehension. KW - Reading KW - Parsing KW - Computer model KW - Corpus Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/01690965.2010.492228 SN - 0169-0965 VL - 26 IS - 3 SP - 301 EP - 349 PB - Wiley CY - Hove ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwarz, Wolfgang T1 - Compensating tendencies in penalty kick decisions of referees in professional football evidence from the German Bundesliga 1963-2006 JF - Journal of sports sciences N2 - Using a large representative database (12,902 matches from the top professional football league in Germany), I show that the number (441) of two-penalty matches is larger than expected by chance, and that among these 441 matches there are considerably more matches in which each team is awarded one penalty than would be expected on the basis of independent penalty kick decisions (odds ratio=11.2, relative risk=6.34). Additional analyses based on the score in the match before a penalty is awarded and on the timing of penalties, suggest that awarding a first penalty to one team raises the referee's penalty evidence criterion for the same team, and lowers the corresponding criterion for the other team. KW - Decision-making KW - biased decisions KW - Bundesliga KW - sports statistics Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2010.538711 SN - 0264-0414 VL - 29 IS - 5 SP - 441 EP - 447 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rolfs, Martin A1 - Ohl, Sven T1 - Visual suppression in the superior colliculus around the time of microsaccades JF - Journal of neurophysiology N2 - Miniature eye movements jitter the retinal image unceasingly, raising the question of how perceptual continuity is achieved during visual fixation. Recent work discovered suppression of visual bursts in the superior colliculus around the time of microsaccades, tiny jerks of the eyes that support visual perception while gaze is fixed. This finding suggests that corollary discharge, supporting visual stability when rapid eye movements drastically shift the retinal image, may also exist for the smallest saccades. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00862.2010 SN - 0022-3077 VL - 105 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 3 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Bethesda ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Carsten A1 - Ullmann, Kristina A1 - Steinberg, Pablo T1 - The grapevine-shoot extract Vineatrol30 Inhibits the chemically induced malignant transformation of BALB/c-3T3 Cells JF - Journal of medicinal food N2 - Vineatrol (R) 30 (developed and produced jointly by Breko GmbH [Bremen, Germany] and Actichem [Montauban, France]) is a grapevine-shoot extract that contains resveratrol as well as considerable amounts of resveratrol oligomers. In the present study it is shown that Vineatrol30 at a noncytotoxic concentration of 2.3 mu g/mL significantly reduced the number of malignantly transformed foci induced by a sequential treatment of BALB/c-3T3 cells with 3-methylcholanthrene and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate in the so-called BALB/c-3T3 cell transformation assay. At a higher concentration Vineatrol30 drastically decreased the relative plating efficiency of the cells. Furthermore, the results suggest that the resveratrol oligomers present in Vineatrol30, independently from resveratrol itself, were indeed able to inhibit the formation of malignantly transformed BALB/c-3T3 foci. KW - BALB/c-3T3 cells KW - cell transformation assay KW - resveratrol KW - resveratrol oligomers KW - Vineatrol (R) 30 Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2010.0022 SN - 1096-620X VL - 14 IS - 1-2 SP - 34 EP - 39 PB - Liebert CY - New Rochelle ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xie, Zai-Lai A1 - White, Robin J. A1 - Weber, Jens A1 - Taubert, Andreas A1 - Titirici, Magdalena M. T1 - Hierarchical porous carbonaceous materials via ionothermal carbonization of carbohydrates JF - Journal of materials chemistry N2 - We report on the ionothermal synthesis of porous carbon materials from a variety of carbohydrate precursors (i.e. D-glucose, D-fructose, D-xylose, and starch) using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate(III), [Bmim][FeCl(4)] as a reusable solvent and catalyst. The carbon materials derived from these different carbohydrates are similar in terms of particle size and chemical composition, possessing relatively high surface areas from 44 to 155 m(2) g(-1) after ionothermal processing, which can be significantly increased to > 350 m(2) g(-1) by further thermal treatment (e. g. post-carbonization at 750 degrees C). CO(2) and N(2) sorption analysis, combined with Hg intrusion porosimetry, reveals a promising hierarchical pore structuring to these carbon materials. The ionic liquid [Bmim][FeCl(4)] has a triple role: it acts as both a soft template to generate the characterized pore structuring, solvent and as a catalyst resulting in enhanced ionothermal carbon yields. Importantly from a process point of view, the ionic liquid can be successfully recovered and reused. The current work shows that ionothermal synthesis has the potential to be an effective, low cost, and green reusable synthetic route towards sustainable porous carbon materials. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c1jm00013f SN - 0959-9428 VL - 21 IS - 20 SP - 7434 EP - 7442 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schlunegger, Fritz A1 - Norton, Kevin P. A1 - Zeilinger, Gerold T1 - Climatic forcing on channel profiles in the eastern cordillera of the Coroico Region, Bolivia JF - The journal of geology N2 - Orographic precipitation has a large impact on channel morphology and rock uplift via a positive feedback to erosion. We show that in the Eastern Cordillera of Bolivia, channel concavities reach their highest values where annual precipitation increases in the downstream direction, exceeding 3000 mm. The steepest channels are upstream of this zone of high concavity, where precipitation rates are <1000 mm yr(-1). Channels exhibit graded forms both upstream and downstream of this transient reach. We conclude that the prolonged effect of orographic erosion and related tectonic uplift is the preservation of channels with extreme concavities in the Eastern Cordillera. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1086/657407 SN - 0022-1376 VL - 119 IS - 1 SP - 97 EP - 107 PB - Univ. of Chicago Press CY - Chicago ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pitzer, Martina A1 - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Schmidt, Martin H. A1 - Laucht, Manfred T1 - Prediction of preadolescent depressive symptoms from child temperament, maternal distress, and gender results of a prospective, longitudinal study JF - Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics N2 - Objective: The delineation of developmental pathways to juvenile depressive symptoms is of major clinical interest because these are known to be predictive for adult mood disorders and for a range of other mental health problems. This study investigates the impact of child temperament and early maternal distress, both of which are known to influence children's emotional development, on preadolescent depression. Methods: In a prospective, longitudinal at-risk sample (163 boys, 178 girls), we assessed temperament at the age of 3 months and at 2 years, 4.5 years, and 8 years, respectively, and chronic maternal distress during infancy. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to investigate the prediction of depressive symptoms at the age of 11 years measured by the Child Depression Inventory. In addition, we controlled for psychosocial and obstetric perinatal risks and gender. Results: Psychosocial risks and self-control temperament made significant independent contributions to preadolescent depression, whereas fearful, difficult temperament and obstetric risks were unrelated to depressive outcome. Interestingly, a clear gender difference emerged with a significant prediction from maternal distress only in girls. Conclusions: Our data extend previous findings of a concurrent association between regulative temperament and juvenile depression to a predictive view. Furthermore, the results point toward gender-specific pathways to preadolescent depression and support earlier findings indicating that subclinical maternal distress may exert as detrimental effects on child development as clinical depression. KW - preadolescent depression KW - temperament KW - maternal distress KW - gender Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181f4a474 SN - 0196-206X VL - 32 IS - 1 SP - 18 EP - 26 PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Catchpole, Gareth A1 - Platzer, Alexander A1 - Weikert, Cornelia A1 - Kempkensteffen, Carsten A1 - Johannsen, Manfred A1 - Krause, Hans A1 - Jung, Klaus A1 - Miller, Kurt A1 - Willmitzer, Lothar A1 - Selbig, Joachim A1 - Weikert, Steffen T1 - Metabolic profiling reveals key metabolic features of renal cell carcinoma JF - Journal of cellular and molecular medicine : a journal of translational medicine N2 - Recent evidence suggests that metabolic changes play a pivotal role in the biology of cancer and in particular renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Here, a global metabolite profiling approach was applied to characterize the metabolite pool of RCC and normal renal tissue. Advanced decision tree models were applied to characterize the metabolic signature of RCC and to explore features of metastasized tumours. The findings were validated in a second independent dataset. Vitamin E derivates and metabolites of glucose, fatty acid, and inositol phosphate metabolism determined the metabolic profile of RCC. alpha-tocopherol, hippuric acid, myoinositol, fructose-1-phosphate and glucose-1-phosphate contributed most to the tumour/normal discrimination and all showed pronounced concentration changes in RCC. The identified metabolic profile was characterized by a low recognition error of only 5% for tumour versus normal samples. Data on metastasized tumours suggested a key role for metabolic pathways involving arachidonic acid, free fatty acids, proline, uracil and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. These results illustrate the potential of mass spectroscopy based metabolomics in conjunction with sophisticated data analysis methods to uncover the metabolic phenotype of cancer. Differentially regulated metabolites, such as vitamin E compounds, hippuric acid and myoinositol, provide leads for the characterization of novel pathways in RCC. KW - kidney cancer KW - metabolism KW - metabolomics KW - metastasis Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00939.x SN - 1582-1838 VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 109 EP - 118 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Malden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krause, Rolf Harald A1 - Buse, Joern A1 - Matern, Andrea A1 - Schroeder, Boris A1 - Haerdtle, Werner A1 - Assmann, Thorsten T1 - Eresus kollari (Araneae: Eresidae) calls for heathland management JF - The Journal of arachnology N2 - Northwest Europe's largest heather-dominated sandy habitats are located in the nature reserve Luneburger Heide, Germany. Yet, even these appear to be losing their ability to support some of their stenotopic species such as the ladybird spider, Eresus kollari Rossi 1846, and are thus becoming increasingly important for the preservation of these species. The habitat requirements of this endangered spider species were investigated in order to obtain data that will help stabilize the last remnants of the species' population in northwest Germany. Several heathland habitats were surveyed by pitfall trapping during the mate-search period of the males. Two statistical methods were applied: logistic regression and boosted regression trees (BRT). Both methods showed that three habitat variables are of prime relevance in predicting the occurrence of E. kollari: a) thickness of the organic layer (a negative effect), b) soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm, and c) Calluna cover in the herb layer (both have positive effect). Our results show that choppering (removing above-ground biomass and most of O-layer) and burning are likely appropriate heathland management measures for the conservation of E. kollari. Such measures improve the species' habitat quality by creating a heterogenic (small-scaled) heathland structure with suitable microhabitats. As Calluna heathlands show a clear senescence of the dominant heather, it is essential that those habitat patches be conserved. Further measures, such as transfer experiments, are recommended. KW - Conservation management KW - habitat modeling KW - action plan KW - choppering KW - burning Y1 - 2011 SN - 0161-8202 SN - 1937-2396 VL - 39 IS - 3 SP - 384 EP - 392 PB - American Arachnological Society CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Steffen A1 - Mayer, Patrizia A1 - Baur, Heiner A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Higher velocities in isokinetic dynamometry a pilot study of new test mode with active compensation of inertia JF - Isokinetics and exercise science : official journal of the European Isokinetic Society N2 - Isokinetic dynamometry is a standard technique for strength testing and training. Nevertheless reliability and validity is limited due to inertia effects, especially for high velocities. Therefore in a first methodological approach the purpose was to evaluate a new isokinetic measurement mode including inertia compensation compared to a classic isokinetic measurement mode for single and multijoint movements at different velocities. Isokinetic maximum strength measurements were carried out in 26 healthy active subjects. Tests were performed using classic isokinetic and new isokinetic mode in random order. Maximum torque/force, maximum movement velocity and time for acceleration were calculated. For inter-instrument agreement Bland and Altman analysis, systematic and random error was quantified. Differences between both methods were assessed (ANOVA alpha = 0.05). Bland and Altman analysis showed the highest agreement between the two modes for strength and velocity measurements (bias: < +/- 1.1%; LOA: < 14.2%) in knee flexion/extension at slow isokinetic velocity (60 degrees/s). Least agreement (range: bias: -67.6% +/- 119.0%; LOA: 53.4% 69.3%) was observed for shoulder/arm test at high isokinetic velocity (360 degrees/s). The Isokin(new) mode showed higher maximum movement velocities (p < 0.05). For low isokinetic velocities the new mode agrees with the classic mode. Especially at high isokinetic velocities the new isokinetic mode shows relevant benefits coupled with a possible trade-off with the force/torque measurement. In conclusion, this study offers for the first time a comparison between the 'classical' and inertia-compensated isokinetic dynamometers indicating the advantages and disadvantages associated with each individual approach, particularly as they relate to medium or high velocities in testing and training. KW - Strength testing KW - concentric KW - validity KW - trunk KW - knee KW - shoulder Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/IES-2011-0398 SN - 0959-3020 VL - 19 IS - 2 SP - 63 EP - 70 PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grüne, Stefanie T1 - Is there a Gap in Kant's B Deduction? JF - International journal of philosophical studies N2 - In 'Beyond the Myth of the Myth: A Kantian Theory of Non-Conceptual Content', Robert Hanna argues for a very strong kind of non-conceptualism, and claims that this kind of non-conceptualism originally has been developed by Kant. But according to 'Kant's Non-Conceptualism, Rogue Objects and the Gap in the B Deduction', Kant's non-conceptualism poses a serious problem for his argument for the objective validity of the categories, namely the problem that there is a gap in the B Deduction. This gap is that the B Deduction goes through only if conceptualism is true, but Kant is a non-conceptualist. In this paper, I will argue, contrary to what Hanna claims, that there is not a gap in the B Deduction. KW - Kant KW - concepts KW - non-conceptualism KW - intuition KW - synthesis Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/09672559.2011.595196 SN - 0967-2559 VL - 19 IS - 3 SP - 465 EP - 490 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rivera Villarreyes, C. A. A1 - Baroni, Gabriele A1 - Oswald, Sascha Eric T1 - Integral quantification of seasonal soil moisture changes in farmland by cosmic-ray neutrons JF - Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS N2 - Soil moisture at the plot or hill-slope scale is an important link between local vadose zone hydrology and catchment hydrology. However, so far only a few methods are on the way to close this gap between point measurements and remote sensing. One new measurement methodology that could determine integral soil moisture at this scale is the aboveground sensing of cosmic-ray neutrons, more precisely of ground albedo neutrons. The present study performed ground albedo neutron sensing (GANS) at an agricultural field in northern Germany. To test the method it was accompanied by other soil moisture measurements for a summer period with corn crops growing on the field and a later autumn-winter period without crops and a longer period of snow cover. Additionally, meteorological data and aboveground crop biomass were included in the evaluation. Hourly values of ground albedo neutron sensing showed a high statistical variability. Six-hourly values corresponded well with classical soil moisture measurements, after calibration based on one reference dry period and three wet periods of a few days each. Crop biomass seemed to influence the measurements only to minor degree, opposed to snow cover which has a more substantial impact on the measurements. The latter could be quantitatively related to a newly introduced field neutron ratio estimated from neutron counting rates of two energy ranges. Overall, our study outlines a procedure to apply the ground albedo neutron sensing method based on devices now commercially available, without the need for accompanying numerical simulations and suited for longer monitoring periods after initial calibration. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-3843-2011 SN - 1027-5606 VL - 15 IS - 12 SP - 3843 EP - 3859 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Munz, Matthias A1 - Oswald, Sascha Eric A1 - Schmidt, C. T1 - Sand box experiments to evaluate the influence of subsurface temperature probe design on temperature based water flux calculation JF - Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS N2 - Quantification of subsurface water fluxes based on the one dimensional solution to the heat transport equation depends on the accuracy of measured subsurface temperatures. The influence of temperature probe setup on the accuracy of vertical water flux calculation was systematically evaluated in this experimental study. Four temperature probe setups were installed into a sand box experiment to measure temporal highly resolved vertical temperature profiles under controlled water fluxes in the range of +/- 1.3 md(-1). Pass band filtering provided amplitude differences and phase shifts of the diurnal temperature signal varying with depth depending on water flux. Amplitude ratios of setups directly installed into the saturated sediment significantly varied with sand box hydraulic gradients. Amplitude ratios provided an accurate basis for the analytical calculation of water flow velocities, which matched measured flow velocities. Calculated flow velocities were sensitive to thermal properties of saturated sediment and to temperature sensor spacing, but insensitive to thermal dispersivity equal to solute dispersivity. Amplitude ratios of temperature probe setups indirectly installed into piezometer pipes were influenced by thermal exchange processes within the pipes and significantly varied with water flux direction only. Temperature time lags of small sensor distances of all setups were found to be insensitive to vertical water flux. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-3495-2011 SN - 1027-5606 VL - 15 IS - 11 SP - 3495 EP - 3510 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fader, Marianelle A1 - Gerten, Dieter A1 - Thammer, M. A1 - Heinke, J. A1 - Lotze-Campen, Hermann A1 - Lucht, Wolfgang A1 - Cramer, Wolfgang T1 - Internal and external green-blue agricultural water footprints of nations, and related water and land savings through trade JF - Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS N2 - The need to increase food production for a growing world population makes an assessment of global agricultural water productivities and virtual water flows important. Using the hydrology and agro-biosphere model LPJmL, we quantify at 0.5 degrees resolution the amount of blue and green water (irrigation and precipitation water) needed to produce one unit of crop yield, for 11 of the world's major crop types. Based on these, we also quantify the agricultural water footprints (WFP) of all countries, for the period 1998-2002, distinguishing internal and external WFP (virtual water imported from other countries) and their blue and green components, respectively. Moreover, we calculate water savings and losses, and for the first time also land savings and losses, through international trade with these products. The consistent separation of blue and green water flows and footprints shows that green water globally dominates both the internal and external WFP (84% of the global WFP and 94% of the external WFP rely on green water). While no country ranks among the top ten with respect to all water footprints calculated here, Pakistan and Iran demonstrate high absolute and per capita blue WFP, and the US and India demonstrate high absolute green and blue WFPs. The external WFPs are relatively small (6% of the total global blue WFP, 16% of the total global green WFP). Nevertheless, current trade of the products considered here saves significant water volumes and land areas (similar to 263 km(3) and similar to 41 Mha, respectively, equivalent to 5% of the sowing area of the considered crops and 3.5% of the annual precipitation on this area). Relating the proportions of external to internal blue/green WFP to the per capita WFPs allows recognizing that only a few countries consume more water from abroad than from their own territory and have at the same time above-average WFPs. Thus, countries with high per capita water consumption affect mainly the water availability in their own country. Finally, this study finds that flows/savings of both virtual water and virtual land need to be analysed together, since they are intrinsically related. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-1641-2011 SN - 1027-5606 VL - 15 IS - 5 SP - 1641 EP - 1660 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ballato, Paolo A1 - Uba, Cornelius Eji A1 - Landgraf, Angela A1 - Strecker, Manfred A1 - Sudo, Masafumi A1 - Stockli, Daniel F. A1 - Friedrich, Anke M. A1 - Tabatabaei, Saeid H. T1 - Arabia-Eurasia continental collision insights from late Tertiary foreland-basin evolution in the Alborz Mountains, northern Iran JF - Geological Society of America bulletin N2 - A poorly understood lag time of 15-20 m.y. exists between the initial Arabia-Eurasia continental collision in late Eocene to early Oligocene time and the acceleration of tectonic and sedimentary processes across the collision zone in the early to late Miocene. The late Eocene to Miocene-Pliocene clastic and shallow-marine sedimentary rocks of the Kond, Eyvanekey, and Semnan Basins in the Alborz Mountains (northern Iran) offer the possibility to track the evolution of this orogen in the framework of collision processes. A transition from volcaniclastic submarine deposits to shallow-marine evaporites and terrestrial sediments occurred shortly after 36 Ma in association with reversals in sediment provenance, strata tilting, and erosional unroofing. These events followed the termination of subduction arc magmatism and marked a changeover from an extensional to a contractional regime in response to initiation of continental collision with the subduction of stretched Arabian lithosphere. This early stage of collision produced topographic relief associated with shallow foreland basins, suggesting that shortening and tectonic loading occurred at low rates. Starting from the early Miocene (17.5 Ma), flexural subsidence in response to foreland basin initiation occurred. Fast sediment accumulation rates and erosional unroofing trends point to acceleration of shortening by the early Miocene. We suggest that the lag time between the initiation of continental collision (36 Ma) and the acceleration of regional deformation (20-17.5 Ma) reflects a two-stage collision process, involving the "soft" collision of stretched lithosphere at first and "hard" collision following the arrival of unstretched Arabian continental litho sphere in the subduction zone. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1130/B30091.1 SN - 0016-7606 VL - 123 IS - 1-2 SP - 106 EP - 131 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Boulder ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lai, Alvina G. A1 - Denton-Giles, Matthew A1 - Müller-Röber, Bernd A1 - Schippers, Jos H. M. A1 - Dijkwel, Paul P. T1 - Positional information resolves structural variations and uncovers an evolutionarily divergent genetic locus in accessions of arabidopsis thaliana JF - Genome biology and evolution N2 - Genome sequencing of closely related individuals has yielded valuable insights that link genome evolution to phenotypic variations. However, advancement in sequencing technology has also led to an escalation in the number of poor quality-drafted genomes assembled based on reference genomes that can have highly divergent or haplotypic regions. The self-fertilizing nature of Arabidopsis thaliana poses an advantage to sequencing projects because its genome is mostly homozygous. To determine the accuracy of an Arabidopsis drafted genome in less conserved regions, we performed a resequencing experiment on a similar to 371-kb genomic interval in the Landsberg erecta (Ler-0) accession. We identified novel structural variations (SVs) between Ler-0 and the reference accession Col-0 using a long-range polymerase chain reaction approach to generate an Illumina data set that has positional information, that is, a data set with reads that map to a known location. Positional information is important for accurate genome assembly and the resolution of SVs particularly in highly duplicated or repetitive regions. Sixty-one regions with misassembly signatures were identified from the Ler-0 draft, suggesting the presence of novel SVs that are not represented in the draft sequence. Sixty of those were resolved by iterative mapping using our data set. Fifteen large indels (> 100 bp) identified from this study were found to be located either within protein-coding regions or upstream regulatory regions, suggesting the formation of novel alleles or altered regulation of existing genes in Ler-0. We propose future genome-sequencing experiments to follow a clone-based approach that incorporates positional information to ultimately reveal haplotype-specific differences between accessions. KW - haplotype KW - allelic variants KW - drafted genomes KW - genome partitioning KW - comparative genomics Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evr038 SN - 1759-6653 VL - 3 IS - 1-2 SP - 627 EP - 640 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weidlich, Matthias A1 - Polyvyanyy, Artem A1 - Mendling, Jan A1 - Weske, Mathias T1 - Causal behavioural profiles - efficient computation, applications, and evaluation JF - Fundamenta informaticae N2 - Analysis of behavioural consistency is an important aspect of software engineering. In process and service management, consistency verification of behavioural models has manifold applications. For instance, a business process model used as system specification and a corresponding workflow model used as implementation have to be consistent. Another example would be the analysis to what degree a process log of executed business operations is consistent with the corresponding normative process model. Typically, existing notions of behaviour equivalence, such as bisimulation and trace equivalence, are applied as consistency notions. Still, these notions are exponential in computation and yield a Boolean result. In many cases, however, a quantification of behavioural deviation is needed along with concepts to isolate the source of deviation. In this article, we propose causal behavioural profiles as the basis for a consistency notion. These profiles capture essential behavioural information, such as order, exclusiveness, and causality between pairs of activities of a process model. Consistency based on these profiles is weaker than trace equivalence, but can be computed efficiently for a broad class of models. In this article, we introduce techniques for the computation of causal behavioural profiles using structural decomposition techniques for sound free-choice workflow systems if unstructured net fragments are acyclic or can be traced back to S-or T-nets. We also elaborate on the findings of applying our technique to three industry model collections. KW - Causal Behavioural Profiles KW - Formal Methods KW - Behavioural Abstraction KW - Structural Decomposition KW - Exclusiveness KW - Concurrency KW - Order Relations KW - Causality KW - Optionality Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/FI-2011-614 SN - 0169-2968 VL - 113 IS - 3-4 SP - 399 EP - 435 PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cilia, Elisa A1 - Landwehr, Niels A1 - Passerini, Andrea T1 - Relational feature mining with hierarchical multitask kFOIL JF - Fundamenta informaticae N2 - We introduce hierarchical kFOIL as a simple extension of the multitask kFOIL learning algorithm. The algorithm first learns a core logic representation common to all tasks, and then refines it by specialization on a per-task basis. The approach can be easily generalized to a deeper hierarchy of tasks. A task clustering algorithm is also proposed in order to automatically generate the task hierarchy. The approach is validated on problems of drug-resistance mutation prediction and protein structural classification. Experimental results show the advantage of the hierarchical version over both single and multi task alternatives and its potential usefulness in providing explanatory features for the domain. Task clustering allows to further improve performance when a deeper hierarchy is considered. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/FI-2011-604 SN - 0169-2968 VL - 113 IS - 2 SP - 151 EP - 177 PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Telkemeyer, Silke A1 - Rossi, Sonja A1 - Nierhaus, Till A1 - Steinbrink, Jens A1 - Obrig, Hellmuth A1 - Wartenburger, Isabell T1 - Acoustic processing of temporally modulated sounds in infants evidence from a combined near-infrared spectroscopy and EEG study JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Speech perception requires rapid extraction of the linguistic content from the acoustic signal. The ability to efficiently process rapid changes in auditory information is important for decoding speech and thereby crucial during language acquisition. Investigating functional networks of speech perception in infancy might elucidate neuronal ensembles supporting perceptual abilities that gate language acquisition. Interhemispheric specializations for language have been demonstrated in infants. How these asymmetries are shaped by basic temporal acoustic properties is under debate. We recently provided evidence that newborns process non-linguistic sounds sharing temporal features with language in a differential and lateralized fashion. The present study used the same material while measuring brain responses of 6 and 3 month old infants using simultaneous recordings of electroencephalography (EEG) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). NIRS reveals that the lateralization observed in newborns remains constant over the first months of life. While fast acoustic modulations elicit bilateral neuronal activations, slow modulations lead to right-lateralized responses. Additionally, auditory-evoked potentials and oscillatory EEG responses show differential responses for fast and slow modulations indicating a sensitivity for temporal acoustic variations. Oscillatory responses reveal an effect of development, that is, 6 but not 3 month old infants show stronger theta-band desynchronization for slowly modulated sounds. Whether this developmental effect is due to increasing fine-grained perception for spectrotemporal sounds in general remains speculative. Our findings support the notion that a more general specialization for acoustic properties can be considered the basis for lateralization of speech perception. The results show that concurrent assessment of vascular based imaging and electrophysiological responses have great potential in the research on language acquisition. KW - infants KW - speech perception KW - language acquisition KW - auditory processing KW - near-infrared spectroscopy KW - event related potentials KW - brain oscillations Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00062 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 2 IS - 2 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Wei, Ping A1 - Dambacher, Michael A1 - Yan, Ming A1 - Zhou, Xiaolin T1 - Experimental effects and individual differences in linear mixed models estimating the relationship between spatial, object, and attraction effects in visual attention JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Linear mixed models (LMMs) provide a still underused methodological perspective on combining experimental and individual-differences research. Here we illustrate this approach with two-rectangle cueing in visual attention (Egly et al., 1994). We replicated previous experimental cue-validity effects relating to a spatial shift of attention within an object (spatial effect), to attention switch between objects (object effect), and to the attraction of attention toward the display centroid (attraction effect), also taking into account the design-inherent imbalance of valid and other trials. We simultaneously estimated variance/covariance components of subject-related random effects for these spatial, object, and attraction effects in addition to their mean reaction times (RTs). The spatial effect showed a strong positive correlation with mean RT and a strong negative correlation with the attraction effect. The analysis of individual differences suggests that slow subjects engage attention more strongly at the cued location than fast subjects. We compare this joint LMM analysis of experimental effects and associated subject-related variances and correlations with two frequently used alternative statistical procedures. KW - linear mixed model KW - individual differences KW - visual attention KW - spatial attention KW - object-based attention Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00238 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 2 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ryngajllo, Malgorzata A1 - Childs, Liam H. A1 - Lohse, Marc A1 - Giorgi, Federico M. A1 - Lude, Anja A1 - Selbig, Joachim A1 - Usadel, Björn T1 - SLocX predicting subcellular localization of Arabidopsis proteins leveraging gene expression data JF - Frontiers in plant science N2 - Despite the growing volume of experimentally validated knowledge about the subcellular localization of plant proteins, a well performing in silico prediction tool is still a necessity. Existing tools, which employ information derived from protein sequence alone, offer limited accuracy and/or rely on full sequence availability. We explored whether gene expression profiling data can be harnessed to enhance prediction performance. To achieve this, we trained several support vector machines to predict the subcellular localization of Arabidopsis thaliana proteins using sequence derived information, expression behavior, or a combination of these data and compared their predictive performance through a cross-validation test. We show that gene expression carries information about the subcellular localization not available in sequence information, yielding dramatic benefits for plastid localization prediction, and some notable improvements for other compartments such as the mito-chondrion, the Golgi, and the plasma membrane. Based on these results, we constructed a novel subcellular localization prediction engine, SLocX, combining gene expression profiling data with protein sequence-based information. We then validated the results of this engine using an independent test set of annotated proteins and a transient expression of GFP fusion proteins. Here, we present the prediction framework and a website of predicted localizations for Arabidopsis. The relatively good accuracy of our prediction engine, even in cases where only partial protein sequence is available (e.g., in sequences lacking the N-terminal region), offers a promising opportunity for similar application to non-sequenced or poorly annotated plant species. Although the prediction scope of our method is currently limited by the availability of expression information on the ATH1 array, we believe that the advances in measuring gene expression technology will make our method applicable for all Arabidopsis proteins. KW - subcellular localization KW - support vector machine KW - prediction KW - gene expression Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2011.00043 SN - 1664-462X VL - 2 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ruprecht, Colin A1 - Mutwil, Marek A1 - Saxe, Friederike A1 - Eder, Michaela A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran A1 - Persson, Staffan T1 - Large-scale co-expression approach to dissect secondary cell wall formation across plant species JF - Frontiers in plant science N2 - Plant cell walls are complex composites largely consisting of carbohydrate-based polymers, and are generally divided into primary and secondary walls based on content and characteristics. Cellulose microfibrils constitute a major component of both primary and secondary cell walls and are synthesized at the plasma membrane by cellulose synthase (CESA) complexes. Several studies in Arabidopsis have demonstrated the power of co-expression analyses to identify new genes associated with secondary wall cellulose biosynthesis. However, across-species comparative co-expression analyses remain largely unexplored. Here, we compared co-expressed gene vicinity networks of primary and secondary wall CESAsin Arabidopsis, barley, rice, poplar, soybean, Medicago, and wheat, and identified gene families that are consistently co-regulated with cellulose biosynthesis. In addition to the expected polysaccharide acting enzymes, we also found many gene families associated with cytoskeleton, signaling, transcriptional regulation, oxidation, and protein degradation. Based on these analyses, we selected and biochemically analyzed T-DNA insertion lines corresponding to approximately twenty genes from gene families that re-occur in the co-expressed gene vicinity networks of secondary wall CESAs across the seven species. We developed a statistical pipeline using principal component analysis and optimal clustering based on silhouette width to analyze sugar profiles. One of the mutants, corresponding to a pinoresinol reductase gene, displayed disturbed xylem morphology and held lower levels of lignin molecules. We propose that this type of large-scale co-expression approach, coupled with statistical analysis of the cell wall contents, will be useful to facilitate rapid knowledge transfer across plant species. KW - secondary cell wall KW - comparative co-expression analysis KW - Arabidopsis KW - cellulose Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2011.00023 SN - 1664-462X VL - 2 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lappe, Michael A1 - Kallmeyer, Jens T1 - A cell extraction method for oily sediments JF - Frontiers in microbiology N2 - Hydrocarbons can be found in many different habitats and represent an important carbon source for microbes. As fossil fuels, they are also an important economical resource and through natural seepage or accidental release they can be major pollutants. DNA-specific stains and molecular probes bind to hydrocarbons, causing massive background fluorescence, thereby hampering cell enumeration. The cell extraction procedure of Kallmeyer et al. (2008) separates the cells from the sediment matrix. In principle, this technique can also be used to separate cells from oily sediments, but it was not originally optimized for this application. Here we present a modified extraction method in which the hydrocarbons are removed prior to cell extraction. Due to the reduced background fluorescence the microscopic image becomes clearer, making cell identification, and enumeration much easier. Consequently, the resulting cell counts from oily samples treated according to our new protocol are significantly higher than those treated according to Kallmeyer et al. (2008). We tested different amounts of a variety of solvents for their ability to remove hydrocarbons and found that n-hexane and in samples containing more mature oils methanol, delivered the best results. However, as solvents also tend to lyse cells, it was important to find the optimum solvent to sample ratio, at which hydrocarbon extraction is maximized and cell lysis minimized. A volumetric ratio of 1:2-1:5 between a formalin-fixed sediment slurry and solvent delivered highest cell counts. Extraction efficiency was around 30-50% and was checked on both oily samples spiked with known amounts of E. coli cells and oil-free samples amended with fresh and biodegraded oil. The method provided reproducible results on samples containing very different kinds of oils with regard to their degree of biodegradation. For strongly biodegraded oil MeOH turned out to be the most appropriate solvent, whereas for less biodegraded samples n-hexane delivered best results. KW - cell enumeration KW - hydrocarbons KW - cell separation KW - subsurface microbiology Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2011.00233 SN - 1664-302X VL - 2 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grahn, R. A. A1 - Kurushima, J. D. A1 - Billings, N. C. A1 - Grahn, J. C. A1 - Halverson, J. L. A1 - Hammer, E. A1 - Ho, C. K. A1 - Kun, T. J. A1 - Levy, J. K. A1 - Lipinski, M. J. A1 - Mwenda, J. M. A1 - Ozpinar, H. A1 - Schuster, R. K. A1 - Shoorijeh, S. J. A1 - Tarditi, C. R. A1 - Waly, N. E. A1 - Wictum, E. J. A1 - Lyons, L. A. T1 - Feline non-repetitive mitochondrial DNA control region database for forensic evidence JF - Forensic science international : an international journal dedicated to the applications of genetics in the administration of justice ; Genetics N2 - The domestic cat is the one of the most popular pets throughout the world. A by-product of owning, interacting with, or being in a household with a cat is the transfer of shed fur to clothing or personal objects. As trace evidence, transferred cat fur is a relatively untapped resource for forensic scientists. Both phenotypic and genotypic characteristics can be obtained from cat fur, but databases for neither aspect exist. Because cats incessantly groom, cat fur may have nucleated cells, not only in the hair bulb, but also as epithelial cells on the hair shaft deposited during the grooming process, thereby generally providing material for DNA profiling. To effectively exploit cat hair as a resource, representative databases must be established. The current study evaluates 402 bp of the mtDNA control region (CR) from 1394 cats, including cats from 25 distinct worldwide populations and 26 breeds. Eighty-three percent of the cats are represented by 12 major mitotypes. An additional 8.0% are clearly derived from the major mitotypes. Unique sequences are found in 7.5% of the cats. The overall genetic diversity for this data set is 0.8813 +/- 0.0046 with a random match probability of 11.8%. This region of the cat mtDNA has discriminatory power suitable for forensic application worldwide. KW - Forensic science KW - Domestic cat KW - mtDNA KW - Mitochondria KW - d-Loop KW - Control region Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2010.01.013 SN - 1872-4973 VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - 33 EP - 42 PB - Elsevier CY - Clare ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Biermann, Ursula A1 - Meier, Michael A. R. A1 - Butte, Werner A1 - Metzger, Jürgen O. T1 - Cross-metathesis of unsaturated triglycerides with methyl acrylate synthesis of a dimeric metathesis product JF - European journal of lipid science and technology N2 - Highly functionalized dimeric triglycerides, such as compound 2, are obtained as minor products besides branched macromolecules from the acyclic triene metathesis (ATMET) polymerization of unsaturated triglycerides such as glyceryl triundec-10-enoate 1 and methyl acrylate (MA) in the presence of the second generation Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst. The formed amount of interesting products of lower molecular weight during the ATMET reaction depends on the ratio of MA and triglyceride, reaction time, and temperature. We isolated the dimeric metathesis product 2 and synthesized the respective partially hydrogenated dimer 3 regioselectivly in a seven step reaction sequence starting from 10-undecenoic acid 7 and glycerol. Product 3 was unambiguously characterized by (13)C and (1)H NMR and MS as well as the further intermediate products of the seven step reaction including 10,11 bromo-undecanoic acid 8, the respective brominated 1,3-diglyceride 9, the brominated 1,3-triglyceride 6, and the self-metathesis products 4 and 5 which were isolated and purified. KW - Highly functionalized dimeric triglycerides KW - Olefin self- and cross-metathesis KW - Renewable resources Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201000109 SN - 1438-7697 VL - 113 IS - 1 SP - 39 EP - 45 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kreye, Oliver A1 - Toth, Tommy A1 - Meier, Michael A. R. T1 - Poly-alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes derived from castor oil via ADMET polymerization JF - European journal of lipid science and technology N2 - 10-Undecenal, derived by pyrolysis and reduction from castor oil, was almost quantitatively transformed into the corresponding aldol condensation product under basic conditions. This alpha,omega-diene monomer was polymerized using acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization. In a catalyst screening, four of nine different ruthenium-based metathesis catalysts showed good reactivity under neat conditions at 80 degrees C in the presence of 1,4-benzoquinone and polymers with molecular weights up to 11 kDa were formed. Furthermore, the (1)H NMR spectra showed that the metathesis catalysts tolerate the alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde function and due to the addition of benzoquinone, the degree of double bond isomerization was low. Further experiments investigating reduced catalyst amounts (down to 0.2 mol%) and the temperature dependence of these ADMET polymerizations gave also satisfying results for the formation of poly-alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes. Moreover, ADMET polymerizations with different amounts of methyl 10-undecenoate as chain-stopper were performed and the integrals of the corresponding (1)H NMR spectra allowed the determination of an absolute degree of polymerization. Finally, a reduction of a poly-alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde with sodium borohydride was accomplished. The resulting poly-(allyl alcohol) could be a useful compound in the generation of polymer networks like polyesters, polyurethanes, and polycarbonates and thus be of high interest in materials research. KW - ADMET KW - Aldol condensation KW - Castor oil KW - Poly(allyl alcohol)s KW - Poly-alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201000108 SN - 1438-7697 VL - 113 IS - 1 SP - 31 EP - 38 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krahé, Barbara A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina T1 - Sexual scripts and the acceptance of sexual aggression in Polish adolescents JF - European journal of developmental psychology N2 - A study with 199 Polish adolescents explored the prominence of risk factors of sexual aggression as part of the sexual scripts for consensual sexual encounters and as predictors of the acceptance of sexual aggression. Distinguishing between general scripts, attributed to the age group as a whole, and individual scripts, reflecting personal standards, sexual scripts were linked to the normative endorsement of the risk factors and to the acceptance of sexual aggression. Individual scripts contained fewer risk factors of sexual aggression than general scripts. The more prominently the risk elements featured in the individual (but not in the general) scripts, the more they were seen as acceptable. For boys, risk scores in individual scripts were correlated with sexual behaviour and linked to the acceptance of sexual aggression via their normative endorsement. The distinction between individual and general scripts as guidelines for behaviour is discussed in terms of its significance for the understanding of sexual aggression. KW - Sexual scripts KW - Sexuality KW - Sexual aggression KW - Adolescence KW - Poland Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2011.611034 SN - 1740-5629 VL - 8 IS - 6 SP - 697 EP - 712 PB - Wiley CY - Hove ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ette, Ottmar T1 - The Alexander von Humboldt date perspectives of a pioneer for the 21st Century JF - Études germaniques : revue trimestrielle de la Société des Études Germaniques Y1 - 2011 SN - 0014-2115 VL - 66 IS - 1 SP - 123 EP - 138 PB - Didier Erudition CY - Paris ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mischke, Steffen A1 - Zhang, Chengjun T1 - Ostracod distribution in Ulungur Lake (Xinjiang, China) and a reassessed Holocene record JF - Ecological research N2 - Ostracod shells in surface sediments from Ulungur Lake (Xinjiang, China) belong mainly to Limnocythere inopinata as the dominant species, and Candona neglecta and Darwinula stevensoni as accompanying, less abundant taxa. Shells of an additional nine species were recorded only sporadically. The three most abundant ostracods have wide tolerance ranges in terms of salinity, substrate and water depth. The similarly recorded bivalve Pisidium subtruncatum, and the gastropods Gyraulus chinensis and Radix auricularia belong to the most tolerant representatives of the genera. The bivalve and gastropods, in addition to the ostracod assemblage, reflect the fact that Ulungur Lake has experienced strong lake level and salinity variations due to water withdrawal in the catchment and the counteracting diversion of river waters to the lake in recent decades. The substrate in Ulungur Lake is typically fine-grained, apart from the delta region of the Ulungur River channel, which is marked by relatively coarse-grained detrital sediments barren of ostracod shells. This channel was created 40 years ago to divert water to Ulungur Lake and support its local fisheries and recreational facilities. A reassessed Holocene ostracod record from the lake shows that a significantly higher salinity and lower lake level existed in the early Holocene before 6.0 ka in response to the regional climate. In contrast, a higher lake level and lowest salinity is inferred for the late Holocene period between ca. 3.6 and 1.3 ka before present. Afterwards, the lake level declined and salinity increased in response to regional moisture reduction, although conditions similar to the early Holocene lake status were not re-established. Our surface-sediment-derived data provide a baseline for analysis of future environmental variations due to global climate change and regional water management. KW - Ostracoda KW - Water depth KW - Substrate KW - Holocene KW - Central Asia Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-010-0768-1 SN - 0912-3814 VL - 26 IS - 1 SP - 133 EP - 145 PB - Springer CY - Tokyo ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schleussner, Carl-Friedrich A1 - Frieler, Katja A1 - Meinshausen, Malte A1 - Yin, J. A1 - Levermann, Anders T1 - Emulating Atlantic overturning strength for low emission scenarios consequences for sea-level rise along the North American east coast JF - Earth system dynamics N2 - In order to provide probabilistic projections of the future evolution of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), we calibrated a simple Stommel-type box model to emulate the output of fully coupled three-dimensional atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). Based on this calibration to idealised global warming scenarios with and without interactive atmosphere-ocean fluxes and freshwater perturbation simulations, we project the future evolution of the AMOC mean strength within the covered calibration range for the lower two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) until 2100 obtained from the reduced complexity carbon cycle-climate model MAGICC 6. For RCP3-PD with a global mean temperature median below 1.0 degrees C warming relative to the year 2000, we project an ensemble median weakening of up to 11% compared to 22% under RCP4.5 with a warming median up to 1.9 degrees C over the 21st century. Additional Greenland meltwater of 10 and 20 cm of global sea-level rise equivalent further weakens the AMOC by about 4.5 and 10 %, respectively. By combining our outcome with a multi-model sea-level rise study we project a dynamic sea-level rise along the New York City coastline of 4 cm for the RCP3-PD and of 8 cm for the RCP4.5 scenario over the 21st century. We estimate the total steric and dynamic sea-level rise for New York City to be about 24 cm until 2100 for the RCP3-PD scenario, which can hold as a lower bound for sea-level rise projections in this region, as it does not include ice sheet and mountain glacier contributions. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-2-191-2011 SN - 2190-4979 SN - 2190-4987 VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - 191 EP - 200 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER -