TY - JOUR A1 - Wels, Volkhard T1 - Die logische Form des Dramas im 17. Jahrhundert JF - Theatrum scientiarum : Spektakuläre Experimente : Praktiken der Evidenzproduktion im 17. Jahrhundert N2 - Das Drama des 17. Jahrhunderts steht nicht in einem ästhetischen, sondern als Argument in einem sozialen, politischen oder, in der Sprache der Zeit, moralphilosophischen Kontext. Ein erster Teil des Aufsatzes zeigt, dass die Poetik in der aristotelischen Schulphilosophie als Teil der Logik, das heißt der Argumentationstheorie im weitesten Sinne galt, und die Dichtung selbst somit als Anwendung einer argumentativen Form. Ein zweiter Teil zeigt an drei Beispielen, dass diese logische, argumentationstheoretische Auffassung des Dramas auch den Poetiken der Zeit zugrunde liegt. Ein dritter Teil führt an einigen Dramen (u.a. Gryphius’ „Catharina von Georgien“, Masens „Androphilus“ und Birkens „Silvia“) kurz vor, in welcher Form sie als Argument zu verstehen sind. Der vierte Teil zeigt, dass die Auffassung des Dramas als Argument ihren sozialhistorischen Kontext im Schultheater hat. Ein letzter Teil widmet sich der Frage, was nach Überzeugung der Frühen Neuzeit die Eigentümlichkeit des Dramas ausmacht, wenn es sich als Argument nicht von anderen Argumentationsformen unterscheidet. KW - Frühe Neuzeit KW - Drama KW - Deutsche Literatur der Frühen Neuzeit KW - Jacopo Zabarella KW - aristotelische Logik KW - Argumentationstheorie KW - Andreas Gryphius KW - Gleichnis KW - Poetik Y1 - 2006 VL - 3 SP - 131 EP - 153 PB - de Gruyter CY - New York ; Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nix, Andreas ED - Geier, Wolfgang T1 - Karl Mannheims Konservatismus BT - ein Beitrag zu Soziologie des Wissens (1952) JF - Kultursoziologie : Kultursozologie an deutschen Universitäten Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-945878-24-8 SN - 0941-343X VL - 2016 IS - 2 SP - 102 EP - 108 PB - WeltTrends CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinzel, Stephan A1 - Lawrence, Jimmy B. A1 - Kallies, Gunnar A1 - Rapp, Michael A. A1 - Heissel, Andreas T1 - Using Exercise to Fight Depression in Older Adults BT - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis JF - GeroPsych : the journal of gerontopsychology and geriatric psychiatry N2 - Depression is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder in the general population. Despite a large demand for efficient treatment options, the majority of older depressed adults does not receive adequate treatment: Additional low-threshold treatments are needed for this age group. Over the past two decades, a growing number of randomized controlled trials (RCT) have been conducted, testing the efficacy of physical exercise in the alleviation of depression in older adults. This meta-analysis systematically reviews and evaluates these studies; some subanalyses testing specific effects of different types of exercise and settings are also performed. In order to be included, exercise programs of the RCTs had to fulfill the criteria of exercise according to the American College of Sports Medicine, including a sample mean age of 60 or above and an increased level of depressive symptoms. Eighteen trials with 1,063 participants fulfilled our inclusion criteria. A comparison of the posttreatment depression scores between the exercise and control groups revealed a moderate effect size in favor of the exercise groups (standardized mean difference (SMD) of –0.68, p < .001). The effect was comparable to the results achieved when only the eleven trials with low risk of bias were included (SMD = –0.63, p < .001). The subanalyses showed significant effects for all types of exercise and for supervised interventions. The results of this meta-analysis suggest that physical exercise may serve as a feasible, additional intervention to fight depression in older adults. However, because of small sample sizes of the majority of individual trials and high statistical heterogeneity, results must be interpreted carefully. KW - depression KW - exercise KW - older adults KW - meta-analysis KW - review Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/a000133 SN - 1662-9647 SN - 1662-971X VL - 28 SP - 149 EP - 162 PB - Hogrefe CY - Cambridge, Mass. ; Göttingen [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Muiño, Jose M. A1 - de Bruijn, Suzanne A1 - Pajoro, Alice A1 - Geuten, Koen A1 - Vingron, Martin A1 - Angenent, Gerco C. A1 - Kaufmann, Kerstin T1 - Evolution of DNA-Binding Sites of a Floral Master Regulatory Transcription Factor JF - Molecular biology and evolution : MBE N2 - lower development is controlled by the action of key regulatory transcription factors of the MADS-domain family. The function of these factors appears to be highly conserved among species based on mutant phenotypes. However, the conservation of their downstream processes is much less well understood, mostly because the evolutionary turnover and variation of their DNA-binding sites (BSs) among plant species have not yet been experimentally determined. Here, we performed comparative ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation)-seq experiments of the MADS-domain transcription factor SEPALLATA3 (SEP3) in two closely related Arabidopsis species: Arabidopsis thaliana and A. lyrata which have very similar floral organ morphology. We found that BS conservation is associated with DNA sequence conservation, the presence of the CArG-box BS motif and on the relative position of the BS to its potential target gene. Differences in genome size and structure can explain that SEP3 BSs in A. lyrata can be located more distantly to their potential target genes than their counterparts in A. thaliana. In A. lyrata, we identified transposition as a mechanism to generate novel SEP3 binding locations in the genome. Comparative gene expression analysis shows that the loss/gain of BSs is associated with a change in gene expression. In summary, this study investigates the evolutionary dynamics of DNA BSs of a floral key-regulatory transcription factor and explores factors affecting this phenomenon. KW - MADS-domain transcription factor KW - plant development KW - cis-regulatory evolution Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msv210 SN - 1537-1719 SN - 0737-4038 VL - 33 IS - 1 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kopyshev, Alexey A1 - Lomadze, Nino A1 - Feldman, David A1 - Genzer, Jan A1 - Santer, Svetlana T1 - Making polymer brush photosensitive with azobenzene containing surfactants JF - Polymer : the international journal for the science and technology of polymers N2 - We report on rendering polyelectrolyte brushes photosensitive by loading them with azobenzene-containing cationic surfactants. Planar poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) brushes are synthesized using the “grafting from” free-radical polymerization scheme followed by exposure to a solution of photosensitive surfactants consisting of positively-charged head groups and hydrophobic tails into which azobenzene moieties are inserted. In this study the length of the hydrophobic methylene spacer connecting the azobenzene and the charged head group ranges from 4 to 10 CH2 groups. Under irradiation with UV light, the photo-isomerization of azobenzene integrated into a surfactant results in a change in size, geometry, dipole moment and free volume of the whole molecule. When the brush loaded with photosensitive surfactants is exposed to irradiation with UV interference patterns, the topography of the brush deforms following the distribution of the light intensity, exhibiting surface relief gratings (SRG). Since SRG formation is accompanied by a local rupturing of polymer chains in areas from which the polymer material is receding, most of the polymer material is removed from the surface during treatment with good solvent, leaving behind characteristic patterns of lines or dots. The azobenzene molecules still integrated within the polymer film can be removed by washing the brush with water. The remaining nano-structured brush can then be re-used for further functionalization. Although the opto-mechanically induced rupturing occurs for all surfactants, larger species do not penetrate deep enough into the brush such that after rupturing a leftover layer of polymer material remains on the substrate. This indicates that rupturing occurs predominantly in regions of high surfactant density. KW - Azobenzene containing cationic surfactants KW - Photosensitive polymer brushes KW - Opto-mechanically induced scission of polymer chains Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2015.09.023 SN - 0032-3861 VL - 79 SP - 65 EP - 72 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zarle, Sebastian-Alexander T1 - Bolivien: Hoffen auf den Lithiumsegen JF - WeltTrends : das außenpolitische Journal [24(2016), 113] Y1 - 2016 VL - 24 IS - 118 SP - 47 EP - 48 PB - WeltTrends CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Karolewski, Ireneusz Pawel T1 - Der pebiszitäre Zerfall Europas? BT - Brexit, Deutschland und Mittelosteuropa JF - WeltTrends : das außenpolitische Journal [24 (2016), 118] Y1 - 2016 VL - 24 IS - 113 SP - 11 EP - 14 PB - WeltTrends CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kleger, Heinz T1 - Welche EU nach dem Brexit? JF - WeltTrends : das außenpolitische Journal [24 (2016), 118] Y1 - 2016 VL - 24 IS - 118 SP - 4 EP - 7 PB - WeltTrends CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sicard, Adrien A1 - Kappel, Christian A1 - Josephs, Emily B. A1 - Wha Lee, Young A1 - Marona, Cindy A1 - Stinchcombe, John R. A1 - Wright, Stephen I. A1 - Lenhard, Michael T1 - Divergent sorting of a balanced ancestral polymorphism underlies the establishment of gene-flow barriers in Capsella JF - Nature Communications N2 - In the Bateson–Dobzhansky–Muller model of genetic incompatibilities post-zygotic gene-flow barriers arise by fixation of novel alleles at interacting loci in separated populations. Many such incompatibilities are polymorphic in plants, implying an important role for genetic drift or balancing selection in their origin and evolution. Here we show that NPR1 and RPP5 loci cause a genetic incompatibility between the incipient species Capsella grandiflora and C. rubella, and the more distantly related C. rubella and C. orientalis. The incompatible RPP5 allele results from a mutation in C. rubella, while the incompatible NPR1 allele is frequent in the ancestral C. grandiflora. Compatible and incompatible NPR1 haplotypes are maintained by balancing selection in C. grandiflora, and were divergently sorted into the derived C. rubella and C. orientalis. Thus, by maintaining differentiated alleles at high frequencies, balancing selection on ancestral polymorphisms can facilitate establishing gene-flow barriers between derived populations through lineage sorting of the alternative alleles. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8960 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 6 PB - Nature Publishing Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Valente, Luis M. A1 - Phillimore, Albert B. A1 - Etienne, Rampal S. T1 - Equilibrium and non-equilibrium dynamics simultaneously operate in the Galápagos islands JF - Ecology letters N2 - Island biotas emerge from the interplay between colonisation, speciation and extinction and are often the scene of spectacular adaptive radiations. A common assumption is that insular diversity is at a dynamic equilibrium, but for remote islands, such as Hawaii or Galápagos, this idea remains untested. Here, we reconstruct the temporal accumulation of terrestrial bird species of the Galápagos using a novel phylogenetic method that estimates rates of biota assembly for an entire community. We show that species richness on the archipelago is in an ascending phase and does not tend towards equilibrium. The majority of the avifauna diversifies at a slow rate, without detectable ecological limits. However, Darwin's finches form an exception: they rapidly reach a carrying capacity and subsequently follow a coalescent-like diversification process. Together, these results suggest that avian diversity of remote islands is rising, and challenge the mutual exclusivity of the non-equilibrium and equilibrium ecological paradigms. KW - Community assembly KW - diversification KW - dynamic equilibrium KW - island biogeography KW - phylogeny Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12461 SN - 1461-0248 SN - 1461-023X VL - 18 SP - 844 EP - 852 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Schellbach, Jörg A1 - Klein, Katja A1 - Prieske, Olaf A1 - Baeyens, Jean-Pierre A1 - Mühlbauer, Thomas T1 - Effects of core strength training using stable versus unstable surfaces on physical fitness in adolescents BT - a randomized controlled trial JF - BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation N2 - Background It has been demonstrated that core strength training is an effective means to enhance trunk muscle strength (TMS) and proxies of physical fitness in youth. Of note, cross-sectional studies revealed that the inclusion of unstable elements in core strengthening exercises produced increases in trunk muscle activity and thus provide potential extra training stimuli for performance enhancement. Thus, utilizing unstable surfaces during core strength training may even produce larger performance gains. However, the effects of core strength training using unstable surfaces are unresolved in youth. This randomized controlled study specifically investigated the effects of core strength training performed on stable surfaces (CSTS) compared to unstable surfaces (CSTU) on physical fitness in school-aged children. Methods Twenty-seven (14 girls, 13 boys) healthy subjects (mean age: 14 ± 1 years, age range: 13–15 years) were randomly assigned to a CSTS (n = 13) or a CSTU (n = 14) group. Both training programs lasted 6 weeks (2 sessions/week) and included frontal, dorsal, and lateral core exercises. During CSTU, these exercises were conducted on unstable surfaces (e.g., TOGU© DYNAIR CUSSIONS, THERA-BAND© STABILITY TRAINER). Results Significant main effects of Time (pre vs. post) were observed for the TMS tests (8-22%, f = 0.47-0.76), the jumping sideways test (4-5%, f = 1.07), and the Y balance test (2-3%, f = 0.46-0.49). Trends towards significance were found for the standing long jump test (1-3%, f = 0.39) and the stand-and-reach test (0-2%, f = 0.39). We could not detect any significant main effects of Group. Significant Time x Group interactions were detected for the stand-and-reach test in favour of the CSTU group (2%, f = 0.54). Conclusions Core strength training resulted in significant increases in proxies of physical fitness in adolescents. However, CSTU as compared to CSTS had only limited additional effects (i.e., stand-and-reach test). Consequently, if the goal of training is to enhance physical fitness, then CSTU has limited advantages over CSTS. KW - Resistance training KW - Trunk muscle strength KW - Physical fitness Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-1847-6-40 SN - 2052-1847 VL - 6 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thapa, Basanta E. P. T1 - Populist, Reformer oder Hardliner BT - der neue Präsident auf den Philippinen JF - WeltTrends : das außenpolitische Journal Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-945878-22-4 SN - 0944-8101 VL - 24 IS - 117 SP - 16 EP - 19 PB - WeltTrends CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lis, Monika ED - Lambrecht, Anna-Lena ED - Margaria, Tiziana T1 - Constructing a Phylogenetic Tree JF - Process Design for Natural Scientists: an agile model-driven approach N2 - In this project I constructed a workflow that takes a DNA sequence as input and provides a phylogenetic tree, consisting of the input sequence and other sequences which were found during a database search. In this phylogenetic tree the sequences are arranged depending on similarities. In bioinformatics, constructing phylogenetic trees is often used to explore the evolutionary relationships of genes or organisms and to understand the mechanisms of evolution itself. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-662-45005-5 SN - 1865-0929 IS - 500 SP - 101 EP - 109 PB - Springer Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hibbe, Marcel ED - Lambrecht, Anna-Lena ED - Margaria, Tiziana T1 - Spotlocator - Guess Where the Photo Was Taken! JF - Process Design for Natural Scientists: an agile model-driven approach N2 - Spotlocator is a game wherein people have to guess the spots of where photos were taken. The photos of a defined area for each game are from panoramio.com. They are published at http://spotlocator. drupalgardens.com with an ID. Everyone can guess the photo spots by sending a special tweet via Twitter that contains the hashtag #spotlocator, the guessed coordinates and the ID of the photo. An evaluation is published for all tweets. The players are informed about the distance to the real photo spots and the positions are shown on a map. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-662-45005-5 SN - 1865-0929 IS - 500 SP - 149 EP - 160 PB - Springer Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vierheller, Janine ED - Lambrecht, Anna-Lena ED - Margaria, Tiziana T1 - Exploratory Data Analysis JF - Process Design for Natural Scientists: an agile model-driven approach N2 - In bioinformatics the term exploratory data analysis refers to different methods to get an overview of large biological data sets. Hence, it helps to create a framework for further analysis and hypothesis testing. The workflow facilitates this first important step of the data analysis created by high-throughput technologies. The results are different plots showing the structure of the measurements. The goal of the workflow is the automatization of the exploratory data analysis, but also the flexibility should be guaranteed. The basic tool is the free software R. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-662-45005-5 SN - 1865-0929 IS - 500 SP - 110 EP - 126 PB - Axel Springer Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reso, Judith ED - Lambrecht, Anna-Lena ED - Margaria, Tiziana T1 - Protein Classification Workflow JF - Process Design for Natural Scientists: an agile model-driven approach N2 - The protein classification workflow described in this report enables users to get information about a novel protein sequence automatically. The information is derived by different bioinformatic analysis tools which calculate or predict features of a protein sequence. Also, databases are used to compare the novel sequence with known proteins. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-662-45005-5 SN - 1865-0929 IS - 500 SP - 65 EP - 72 PB - Springer Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lamprecht, Anna-Lena A1 - Wickert, Alexander A1 - Margaria, Tiziana ED - Lambrecht, Anna-Lena ED - Margaria, Tiziana T1 - Lessons Learned JF - Process Design for Natural Scientists: an agile model-driven approach N2 - This chapter summarizes the experience and the lessons we learned concerning the application of the jABC as a framework for design and execution of scientific workflows. It reports experiences from the domain modeling (especially service integration) and workflow design phases and evaluates the resulting models statistically with respect to the SIB library and hierarchy levels. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-662-45005-5 SN - 1865-0929 IS - 500 SP - 45 EP - 64 PB - Springer Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lamprecht, Anna-Lena A1 - Wickert, Alexander ED - Lambrecht, Anna-Lena ED - Margaria, Tiziana T1 - The Course's SIB Libraries JF - Process Design for Natural Scientists: an agile model-driven approach N2 - This chapter gives a detailed description of the service framework underlying all the example projects that form the foundation of this book. It describes the different SIB libraries that we made available for the course “Process modeling in the natural sciences” to provide the functionality that was required for the envisaged applications. The students used these SIB libraries to realize their projects. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-662-45005-5 SN - 1865-0929 IS - 500 SP - 30 EP - 44 PB - Springer Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lamprecht, Anna-Lena A1 - Margaria, Tiziana ED - Lambrecht, Anna-Lena ED - Margaria, Tiziana T1 - Scientific Workflows and XMDD JF - Process Design for Natural Scientists: an agile model-driven approach N2 - A major part of the scientific experiments that are carried out today requires thorough computational support. While database and algorithm providers face the problem of bundling resources to create and sustain powerful computation nodes, the users have to deal with combining sets of (remote) services into specific data analysis and transformation processes. Today’s attention to “big data” amplifies the issues of size, heterogeneity, and process-level diversity/integration. In the last decade, especially workflow-based approaches to deal with these processes have enjoyed great popularity. This book concerns a particularly agile and model-driven approach to manage scientific workflows that is based on the XMDD paradigm. In this chapter we explain the scope and purpose of the book, briefly describe the concepts and technologies of the XMDD paradigm, explain the principal differences to related approaches, and outline the structure of the book. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-662-45005-5 SN - 1865-0929 IS - 500 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Springer Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lamprecht, Anna-Lena A1 - Margaria, Tiziana A1 - Steffen, Bernhard ED - Lambrecht, Anna-Lena ED - Margaria, Tiziana T1 - Modeling and Execution of Scientific Workflows with the jABC Framework JF - Process Design for Natural Scientists: an agile model-driven approach N2 - We summarize here the main characteristics and features of the jABC framework, used in the case studies as a graphical tool for modeling scientific processes and workflows. As a comprehensive environment for service-oriented modeling and design according to the XMDD (eXtreme Model-Driven Design) paradigm, the jABC offers much more than the pure modeling capability. Associated technologies and plugins provide in fact means for a rich variety of supporting functionality, such as remote service integration, taxonomical service classification, model execution, model verification, model synthesis, and model compilation. We describe here in short both the essential jABC features and the service integration philosophy followed in the environment. In our work over the last years we have seen that this kind of service definition and provisioning platform has the potential to become a core technology in interdisciplinary service orchestration and technology transfer: Domain experts, like scientists not specially trained in computer science, directly define complex service orchestrations as process models and use efficient and complex domain-specific tools in a simple and intuitive way. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-662-45005-5 SN - 1865-0929 IS - 500 SP - 14 EP - 29 PB - Springer Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lauer, Annika A1 - Ikuta, Yoshi A1 - Gerhardt, Fabian T1 - Erläuterungen zum Lehrangebots-Verzeichnis JF - Entrepreneurship education: das Potsdamer Modell der Gründungslehre und -beratung Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-7357-609-1 SP - 205 EP - 211 PB - BoD CY - Norderstedt ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Puteanus-Birkenbach, Katja T1 - Erstellung eines Syllabus für ein Lehrangebot der Entrepreneurship Education JF - Entrepreneurship education: das Potsdamer Modell der Gründungslehre und -beratung Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-7357-6095-1 SP - 184 EP - 196 PB - BoD CY - Norderstedt ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schultz, Christian T1 - Finanzplanung JF - Entrepreneurship education: das Potsdamer Modell der Gründungslehre und -beratung Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-7357-6095-1 SP - 146 EP - 150 PB - BoD CY - Norderstedt ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Puteanus-Birkenbach, Katja T1 - Didaktik der Entrepreneurship Education JF - Entrepreneurship education: das Potsdamer Modell der Gründungslehre und -beratung Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-7357-6095-1 SP - 173 EP - 183 PB - BoD CY - Norderstedt ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Puteanus-Birkenbach, Katja T1 - Anmerkungen zum Thema Entrepreneurship Eduation JF - Entrepreteurship education: das Potsdamer Modell der Gründungslehre und -beratung Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-7357-6095-1 SP - 165 EP - 172 PB - BoD CY - Norderstedt ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Puteanus-Birkenbach, Katja A1 - Schmidt, Xenia T1 - Entrepreneurial Marketing JF - Entrepreneurship educacation: das Potsdamer Modell der Gründungslehre und -beratung Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-7357-6095-1 SP - 135 EP - 145 PB - BoD CY - Norderstedt ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schultz, Christian T1 - Der Businessplan JF - Entrepreneurship education: das Potsdamer Modell der Gründungslehre und -beratung Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-7357-6095-1 SP - 126 EP - 130 PB - BoD CY - Norderstedt ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Puteanus-Birkenbach, Katja A1 - Kraft, Frederik A1 - Ikuta, Yoshi T1 - Ideengenerierung, Kreativität, Design Thinking JF - Entrepreneurship education: das Potsdamer Modell der Gründungslehre und -beratung Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-7357-6095-1 SP - 106 EP - 119 PB - BoD CY - Norderstedt ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Puteanus-Birkenbach, Katja A1 - Schmidt, Xenia T1 - Opportunities im Entrepreneurship und der Begriff der Uncertainty JF - Entrepreneurship education: das Potsdamer Modell der Gründungslehre und -beratung Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-7357-6095-1 SP - 96 EP - 105 PB - BoD CY - Norderstedt ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Puteanus-Birkenbach, Katja A1 - Hölzle, Katharina T1 - Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneur oder der Begriff des unternehmerischen Denken und Handelns JF - Entrepreneurship education: das Potsdamer Modell der Gründungslehre und -beratung Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-7357-6095-1 SP - 85 EP - 95 PB - BoD CY - Norderstedt ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wagner, Dieter A1 - Großholz, Matthias A1 - Schultz, Christian A1 - Effenberg, Manuel A1 - Gerhardt, Fabian T1 - Externe Vernetzung der Universität Potsdam im Bereich Entrepreneurship Education JF - Entrepreneurship education: das Potsdamer Modell der Gründungslehre und -beratung Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-7357-6095-1 SP - 76 EP - 83 PB - BoD CY - Norderstedt ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wagner, Dieter A1 - Bickenbach, Wulf A1 - Schultz, Christian A1 - Lux, Nadine A1 - Gerhardt, Fabian T1 - Interne Kooperation der Universität Potsdam im Bereich Entrepreneurship Education JF - Entrepreneurship education: das Potsdamer Modell der Gründungslehre und -beratung Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-7357-6095-1 SP - 64 EP - 75 PB - BoD CY - Norderstedt ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mietzner, Dana A1 - Bröker, Patrick A1 - Schultz, Christian A1 - Gohlke, Sascha T1 - Das Technologiescouting als ein Beitrag zum hochschulweiten Technologietransfer JF - Entrepreneurship education: das Potsdamer Modell der Gründungslehre und -beratung Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-7357-6095-1 SP - 58 EP - 63 PB - BoD CY - Norderstedt ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hölzle, Katharina A1 - Puteanus-Birkenbach, Katja T1 - Die Entrepreneurship Academy Potsdam JF - Entrepreneurship education: das Potsdamer Modell der Grüdungslehre und -beratung Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-7357-6095-1 SP - 53 EP - 57 PB - BoD CY - Norderstedt ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herbst, Uta A1 - Wagner, Dieter T1 - Potsdam Transfer - die tentrale wissenschaftliche Einrichtung für Gründung, Innovation, Wissens- und Technologietransfer JF - Entrepreneurship education: das Potsdamer Modell der Gründungslehre und -beratung Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-7357-6095-1 SP - 46 EP - 52 PB - BoD CY - Norderstedt ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bickenbach, Wulf A1 - Schultz, Christian A1 - Halw, Maria T1 - Die Potsdamer Gründungsstatistik - Jahre 2012-2014 JF - Entrepreneurship education: das Potsdamer Modell der Gründungslehrer und -beratung Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-7357-6095-1 SP - 38 EP - 39 PB - BoD CY - Norderstedt ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bickenbach, Wulf A1 - Birkenbach, Lisa ED - Hölzle, Katharina ED - Puteanus-Birkenbach, Katja ED - Wagner, Dieter T1 - Zahlen und Tendenzen zum Thema Gründung an deutschen Hochschulen JF - Entrepreneurship education : das Potsdamer Modell der Gründungslehre und -beratung N2 - Das Potsdamer Modell der Entrepreneurship Education Die Entrepreneurship Education in Deutschland ist ein vergleichsweise junges und damit noch ein nicht übergreifend etabliertes Fachgebiet. In diesem Buch wird in Theorie und Praxis ein Konzept der Entrepreneurship Education für Hochschulen vorgestellt, das basierend auf etablierten Konzepten der Gründungslehre innovativ und zukunftsorientiert für und mit allen Beteiligten arbeitet. Im praktischen Teil erhält der Leser eine erstmalige Übersicht von 117 Lehrangeboten der Universität Potsdam im Bereich Entrepreneurship Education. Das Modell der Entrepreneurship Education an der Universität Potsdam kann anderen Hochschulen Anregungen geben, ihre eigenen Gründungsaktivitäten und -angebote ebenfalls in einem kohärenten pädagogischen Rahmen zu bündeln und durch die damit erworbene Transparenz ihren Erfolg nachhaltig zu sichern. In diesem Sinne ist dieses Buch ein Inspirationen gebender Leitfaden für alle, die sich mit dem Thema Gründungslehre und -beratung befassen. Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-7357-6095-1 SP - 33 EP - 37 PB - BoD CY - Norderstedt ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berner, Elisabeth T1 - Von der Schwierigkeit, einer Stadt eine Kunsthalle zu schenken BT - Strategien der Emotionalisierung in einem aktuellen kommunalpolitischen Diskurs JF - Emotionalität im Text Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-95809-506-9 SN - 1430-4139 IS - 85 SP - 231 EP - 248 PB - Stauffenburg CY - Tübingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berner, Elisabeth T1 - "Erst wusste ich nicht, was tun …" BT - Das Tagebuch des Dawid Rubinowicz JF - Vielheit und Einheit der Germanistik weltweit Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-631-63211-6 IS - 11 SP - 189 EP - 203 PB - Lang CY - Frankfurt am Main ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berner, Elisabeth A1 - Böhm, Manuela A1 - Erfurt, Jürgen T1 - Nach dem Turn ist vor dem Turn BT - Ein Prolog JF - Nach dem linguistic turn : Sprachwissenschaft im Wandel (Osnabrücker Beiträge zur Sprachtheorie) N2 - „Die Beiträge in diesem Band beleuchten aus verschiedenen Perspektiven die (…) Veränderungen der Sprachwissenschaft im Zuge des linguistic turn. Sie gehen zurück auf ein Festkolloquium zu Ehren des 65. Geburtstages von Joachim Gessinger, das am 25. und 26. Juni 2010 in Potsdam stattgefunden hat. Ziel des Kolloquiums war es, Ansätze, Theoriebildungen und methodische Zugriffe in der Sprachwissenschaft seit dem linguistic turn in den Blick zu nehmen. Diese Frage nach einer Standortbestimmung der sprachwissenschaftlichen Forschung in Deutschland steht auch im Mittelpunkt der nun publizierten Fassung der Beiträge, die von Vertreterinnen und Vertretern ausgewählter Teildisziplinen stammen, die die inhaltliche, theoretische und methodische Ausrichtung ihres Forschungsfeldes reflektieren.“ (Manuela Böhm, Elisabeth Berner & Jürgen Erfurt, OBST 78: S. 13) Inhalt: Manuela Böhm, Elisabeth Berner & Jürgen Erfurt: Nach dem Turn ist vor dem Turn. Ein Prolog; Michael Elmentaler: Zur Pragmatisierung der Sprachgeschichte. Eine Standortbestimmung anhand neuerer Sprachgeschichten des Deutschen; Ingrid Schröder: Dialekte im Kontakt. Individuelle Ausformungen des Sprachrepertoires; Bernd Pompino-Marschall: Die rezente Entwicklung in der Phonetik: Vom verbrannten Zeigefinger zu Praat; Gisbert Fanselow: Kann die Linguistik das Jahr 2024 erleben? Und die Syntax das Jahr 2014?; Elke Nowak: Nach dem linguistic turn – die neue Wissenschaft von der Sprache und die Sprachen; Utz Maas: Linguistische Schattenspiele: sprachwissenschaftliche Arbeiten zur Schriftkultur; Ulrich Schmitz: Linguistica ancilla mediorum? Sprachwissenschaft und Medien 1960-2010: Von kühler Distanz zu teilnehmender Beobachtung & von Textmaterial zu multimodaler Verblendung; Eduard Haueis: Didaktik und Linguistik: Wie die Modellierung sprachlichen Wissens und Könnens mit dem Bestehenbleiben oder dem Überwinden von Bildungsschranken zusammenhängt; Joachim Gessinger: Vor dem linguistic turn. Ein Epilog Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-3-942158-02-2 IS - 78 SP - 9 EP - 22 PB - Red. Obst CY - Duisburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berner, Elisabeth T1 - Die historisch-soziolinguistische Forschung im Spiegel aktueller Sprachgeschichts-Lehrbücher JF - Historisch-Soziolinguistische Forschungen als Beiträge zur Optimierung der deutschen Sprachgeschichtsschreibung. Internationale Fachtagung Pécs 02.09.-05.09.2010 Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-3-88099-459-1 SP - 21 EP - 34 PB - Heinz CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berner, Elisabeth T1 - Leserbriefe im politischen Diskurs zu den Landtagswahlen 1989 in Brandenburg JF - Text und Diskurslinguistik : Traditionen und Trends T2 - Lingvistika teksta i diskursa: tradicii i perspektivy : sbornik naučnych statej Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-5-7310-2488-4 SP - 118 EP - 130 PB - Izdatel´stvo Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta Ekonomiki u Funansov CY - Sankt-Peterburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heimann, Heinz-Dieter T1 - Kreise - Punkte - Linien BT - Zum Wandel der Raumkonzeption und der Raumerfassung im Bild spätmittelalterlicher Welt- und Territorialkarten JF - Raum und Zahl im Fokus der Wissenschaften : eine multidisziplinäre Vorlesungsreihe Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-86464-082-7 SP - 111 EP - 127 PB - Trafo CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steup, Martin T1 - Raum und Zahl in der Pflanzenphysiologie JF - Raum und Zahl Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-86464-082-7 SP - 77 EP - 109 PB - Trafo CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pröve, Ralf T1 - Numerische Zeichen und die Repräsentation von Sinn BT - Zahlen und Zeit-Räume im Spiegel der Wissenschaft von vergangenen Zeiten JF - Raum und Zahl im Fokus der Wissenschaften : eine multidisziplinäre Vorlesungsreihe Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-86464-082-7 SP - 63 EP - 76 PB - Trafo CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sixtus, Elena A1 - Fischer, Martin H. T1 - Eine kognitionswissenschaftliche Betrachtung der Konzepte "Raum" und "Zahl" JF - Raum und Zahl im Fokus der Wissenschaften : eine multidisziplinäre Vorlesungsreihe Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-86464-082-7 SP - 35 EP - 62 PB - Trafo CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Petsche, Hans-Joachim T1 - Raum und Zahl - philosophische Kontexte JF - Raum und Zahl im Fokus der Wissenschaften : eine multidisziplinäre Vorlesungsreihe Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-3-86464-082-7 SP - 15 EP - 33 PB - Trafo CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nakano, Yoko A1 - Ikemoto, Yu A1 - Jacob, Gunnar A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - How Orthography Modulates Morphological Priming BT - Subliminal Kanji Activation in Japanese JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - The current study investigates to what extent masked morphological priming is modulated by language-particular properties, specifically by its writing system. We present results from two masked priming experiments investigating the processing of complex Japanese words written in less common (moraic) scripts. In Experiment 1, participants performed lexical decisions on target verbs; these were preceded by primes which were either (i) a past-tense form of the same verb, (ii) a stem-related form with the epenthetic vowel -i, (iii) a semantically-related form, and (iv) a phonologically-related form. Significant priming effects were obtained for prime types (i), (ii), and (iii), but not for (iv). This pattern of results differs from previous findings on languages with alphabetic scripts, which found reliable masked priming effects for morphologically related prime/target pairs of type (i), but not for non-affixal and semantically-related primes of types (ii), and (iii). In Experiment 2, we measured priming effects for prime/target pairs which are neither morphologically, semantically, phonologically nor - as presented in their moraic scripts—orthographically related, but which—in their commonly written form—share the same kanji, which are logograms adopted from Chinese. The results showed a significant priming effect, with faster lexical-decision times for kanji-related prime/target pairs relative to unrelated ones. We conclude that affix-stripping is insufficient to account for masked morphological priming effects across languages, but that language-particular properties (in the case of Japanese, the writing system) affect the processing of (morphologically) complex words. KW - morphologically complex words KW - morpho-orthography KW - decompositon KW - Japanese KW - kanji KW - kana Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00316 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 7 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klauschies, Toni A1 - Vasseur, David A. A1 - Gaedke, Ursula T1 - Trait adaptation promotes species coexistence in diverse predator and prey communities JF - Ecology and evolution N2 - Species can adjust their traits in response to selection which may strongly influence species coexistence. Nevertheless, current theory mainly assumes distinct and time-invariant trait values. We examined the combined effects of the range and the speed of trait adaptation on species coexistence using an innovative multispecies predator–prey model. It allows for temporal trait changes of all predator and prey species and thus simultaneous coadaptation within and among trophic levels. We show that very small or slow trait adaptation did not facilitate coexistence because the stabilizing niche differences were not sufficient to offset the fitness differences. In contrast, sufficiently large and fast trait adaptation jointly promoted stable or neutrally stable species coexistence. Continuous trait adjustments in response to selection enabled a temporally variable convergence and divergence of species traits; that is, species became temporally more similar (neutral theory) or dissimilar (niche theory) depending on the selection pressure, resulting over time in a balance between niche differences stabilizing coexistence and fitness differences promoting competitive exclusion. Furthermore, coadaptation allowed prey and predator species to cluster into different functional groups. This equalized the fitness of similar species while maintaining sufficient niche differences among functionally different species delaying or preventing competitive exclusion. In contrast to pre- vious studies, the emergent feedback between biomass and trait dynamics enabled supersaturated coexistence for a broad range of potential trait adaptation and parameters. We conclude that accounting for trait adaptation may explain stable and supersaturated species coexistence for a broad range of environmental conditions in natural systems when the absence of such adaptive changes would preclude it. Small trait changes, coincident with those that may occur within many natural populations, greatly enlarged the number of coexisting species. KW - Coadaptation KW - equalizing and stabilizing mechanisms KW - maintenance of functional diversity KW - niche and fitness differences KW - supersaturated species coexistence KW - trait convergence and divergence Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2172 SN - 2045-7758 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kurpiers, Jona A1 - Neher, Dieter T1 - Dispersive Non-Geminate Recombination in an Amorphous Polymer:Fullerene Blend JF - Scientific reports N2 - Recombination of free charge is a key process limiting the performance of solar cells. For low mobility materials, such as organic semiconductors, the kinetics of non-geminate recombination (NGR) is strongly linked to the motion of charges. As these materials possess significant disorder, thermalization of photogenerated carriers in the inhomogeneously broadened density of state distribution is an unavoidable process. Despite its general importance, knowledge about the kinetics of NGR in complete organic solar cells is rather limited. We employ time delayed collection field (TDCF) experiments to study the recombination of photogenerated charge in the high-performance polymer:fullerene blend PCDTBT:PCBM. NGR in the bulk of this amorphous blend is shown to be highly dispersive, with a continuous reduction of the recombination coefficient throughout the entire time scale, until all charge carriers have either been extracted or recombined. Rapid, contact-mediated recombination is identified as an additional loss channel, which, if not properly taken into account, would erroneously suggest a pronounced field dependence of charge generation. These findings are in stark contrast to the results of TDCF experiments on photovoltaic devices made from ordered blends, such as P3HT:PCBM, where non-dispersive recombination was proven to dominate the charge carrier dynamics under application relevant conditions. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/srep26832 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 6 PB - Nature Publishing Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wels, Volkhard T1 - Der Begriff der Dichtung vor und nach der Reformation JF - Fragmenta Melanchthoniana Bd. 3: Melanchthons Wirkung in der europäischen Bildungsgeschichte. Hg. v. Günther Frank und Sebastian Lalla. Heidelberg 2007. N2 - Der Beitrag rekonstruiert erstens den humanistischen Begriff der Dichtung bei Melanchthon. Dichtung erscheint hier als Medium zur Vermittlung insbesondere moralpädagogischer Inhalte, das sich vor allem durch seine Versform von anderen sprachlichen Vermittlungsformen unterscheidet. Dieser Dichtungsbegriff wird zweitens mit dem neuplatonischen Begriff der Dichtung als Ergebnis einer göttlichen Inspiration (Enthusiasmus) konfrontiert, wie ihn Marsilio Ficino entwickelt hat. In Deutschland haben insbesondere Konrad Celtis und seine Schüler diesen Dichtungsbegriff vertreten, besonders prominent etwas Matthäus Lupinus Calidomius und Jacob Locher. In einem dritten Schritt zeigt der Beitrag, dass dieser Dichtungsbegriff aus theologischen Gründen im Protestantismus nicht mehr zu vertreten war: das reformatorische Postulat des sola scriptura verbot jede Berufung auf eine göttliche Inspiration außerhalb der Bibel. KW - Dichtung KW - Poetik KW - Reformation KW - Inspiration KW - Enthusiasmus KW - Philipp Melanchthon KW - Martin Luther KW - Eoban Hesse KW - Matthäus Lupinus KW - Konrad Celtis KW - Jacob Locher Y1 - 2007 SN - 978-3-89735-456-2 SP - 81 EP - 104 PB - Verlag Regionalkultur CY - Ubstadt-Weiher , Heidelberg , Neustadt a.d.W. , Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kayser, Daniela Niesta A1 - Graupmann, Verena A1 - Fryer, James W. A1 - Frey, Dieter T1 - Threat to Freedom and the Detrimental Effect of Avoidance Goal Frames BT - Reactance as a Mediating Variable JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Two experiments examined how individuals respond to a restriction presented within an approach versus an avoidance frame. In Study 1, working on a problem-solving task, participants were initially free to choose their strategy, but for a second task were told to change their strategy. The message to change was embedded in either an approach or avoidance frame. When confronted with an avoidance compared to an approach frame, the participants’ reactance toward the request was greater and, in turn, led to impaired performance. The role of reactance as a response to threat to freedom was explicitly examined in Study 2, in which participants evaluated a potential change in policy affecting their program of study herein explicitly varying whether a restriction was present or absent and whether the message was embedded in an approach versus avoidance frame. When communicated with an avoidance frame and as a restriction, participants showed the highest resistance in terms of reactance, message agreement and evaluation of the communicator. The difference in agreement with the change was mediated by reactance only when a restriction was present. Overall, avoidance goal frames were associated with more resistance to change on different levels of experience (reactance, performance, and person perception). Reactance mediated the effect of goal frame on other outcomes only when a restriction was present. KW - freedom restriction KW - goal frames KW - avoidance KW - approach KW - reactance KW - self threat KW - change Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00632 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 7 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zabel, André A1 - Winter, Alette A1 - Kelling, Alexandra A1 - Schilde, Uwe A1 - Strauch, Peter T1 - Tetrabromidocuprates(II)-Synthesis, Structure and EPR JF - International journal of molecular sciences N2 - Metal-containing ionic liquids (ILs) are of interest for a variety of technical applications, e.g., particle synthesis and materials with magnetic or thermochromic properties. In this paper we report the synthesis of, and two structures for, some new tetrabromidocuprates(II) with several “onium” cations in comparison to the results of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic analyses. The sterically demanding cations were used to separate the paramagnetic Cu(II) ions for EPR measurements. The EPR hyperfine structure in the spectra of these new compounds is not resolved, due to the line broadening resulting from magnetic exchange between the still-incomplete separated paramagnetic Cu(II) centres. For the majority of compounds, the principal g values (g|| and gK) of the tensors could be determined and information on the structural changes in the [CuBr4]2- anions can be obtained. The complexes have high potential, e.g., as ionic liquids, as precursors for the synthesis of copper bromide particles, as catalytically active or paramagnetic ionic liquids. KW - tetrabromidocuprate(II) KW - X-ray structure KW - electron paramagnetic resonance KW - copper(II) Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17040596 VL - 17 IS - 4 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neher, Dieter A1 - Kniepert, Juliane A1 - Elimelech, Arik A1 - Koster, L. Jan Anton T1 - A New Figure of Merit for Organic Solar Cells with Transport-limited Photocurrents JF - Scientific reports N2 - Compared to their inorganic counterparts, organic semiconductors suffer from relatively low charge carrier mobilities. Therefore, expressions derived for inorganic solar cells to correlate characteristic performance parameters to material properties are prone to fail when applied to organic devices. This is especially true for the classical Shockley-equation commonly used to describe current-voltage (JV)-curves, as it assumes a high electrical conductivity of the charge transporting material. Here, an analytical expression for the JV-curves of organic solar cells is derived based on a previously published analytical model. This expression, bearing a similar functional dependence as the Shockley-equation, delivers a new figure of merit α to express the balance between free charge recombination and extraction in low mobility photoactive materials. This figure of merit is shown to determine critical device parameters such as the apparent series resistance and the fill factor. KW - Electronic and spintronic devices KW - Semiconductors Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/srep24861 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 6 PB - Nature Publishing Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yan, Wenhao A1 - Chen, Dijun A1 - Kaufmann, Kerstin T1 - Efficient multiplex mutagenesis by RNA-guided Cas9 and its use in the characterization of regulatory elements in the AGAMOUS gene JF - Plant methods N2 - Background The efficiency of multiplex editing in plants by the RNA-guided Cas9 system is limited by efficient introduction of its components into the genome and by their activity. The possibility of introducing large fragment deletions by RNA-guided Cas9 tool provides the potential to study the function of any DNA region of interest in its ‘endogenous’ environment. Results Here, an RNA-guided Cas9 system was optimized to enable efficient multiplex editing in Arabidopsis thaliana. We demonstrate the flexibility of our system for knockout of multiple genes, and to generate heritable large-fragment deletions in the genome. As a proof of concept, the function of part of the second intron of the flower development gene AGAMOUS in Arabidopsis was studied by generating a Cas9-free mutant plant line in which part of this intron was removed from the genome. Further analysis revealed that deletion of this intron fragment results 40 % decrease of AGAMOUS gene expression without changing the splicing of the gene which indicates that this regulatory region functions as an activator of AGAMOUS gene expression. Conclusions Our modified RNA-guided Cas9 system offers a versatile tool for the functional dissection of coding and non-coding DNA sequences in plants. KW - RNA-guided Cas9 KW - Multiplex mutagenesis KW - Large fragment deletion KW - Germline transmission Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-016-0125-7 SN - 1746-4811 VL - 12 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beurskens, Rainer A1 - Steinberg, Fabian A1 - Antoniewicz, Franziska A1 - Wolff, Wanja A1 - Granacher, Urs T1 - Neural Correlates of Dual-Task Walking BT - Effects of Cognitive versus Motor Interference in Young Adults JF - Neural plasticity N2 - Walking while concurrently performing cognitive and/or motor interference tasks is the norm rather than the exception during everyday life and there is evidence from behavioral studies that it negatively affects human locomotion. However, there is hardly any information available regarding the underlying neural correlates of single- and dual-task walking. We had 12 young adults (23.8 ± 2.8 years) walk while concurrently performing a cognitive interference (CI) or a motor interference (MI) task. Simultaneously, neural activation in frontal, central, and parietal brain areas was registered using a mobile EEG system. Results showed that the MI task but not the CI task affected walking performance in terms of significantly decreased gait velocity and stride length and significantly increased stride time and tempo-spatial variability. Average activity in alpha and beta frequencies was significantly modulated during both CI and MI walking conditions in frontal and central brain regions, indicating an increased cognitive load during dual-task walking. Our results suggest that impaired motor performance during dual-task walking is mirrored in neural activation patterns of the brain. This finding is in line with established cognitive theories arguing that dual-task situations overstrain cognitive capabilities resulting in motor performance decrements. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8032180 VL - 2016 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Hindawi CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Safavi, Molood S. A1 - Husain, Samar A1 - Vasishth, Shravan T1 - Dependency Resolution Difficulty Increases with Distance in Persian Separable Complex Predicates BT - Evidence for Expectation and Memory-Based Accounts JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Delaying the appearance of a verb in a noun-verb dependency tends to increase processing difficulty at the verb; one explanation for this locality effect is decay and/or interference of the noun in working memory. Surprisal, an expectation-based account, predicts that delaying the appearance of a verb either renders it no more predictable or more predictable, leading respectively to a prediction of no effect of distance or a facilitation. Recently, Husain et al. (2014) suggested that when the exact identity of the upcoming verb is predictable (strong predictability), increasing argument-verb distance leads to facilitation effects, which is consistent with surprisal; but when the exact identity of the upcoming verb is not predictable (weak predictability), locality effects are seen. We investigated Husain et al.'s proposal using Persian complex predicates (CPs), which consist of a non-verbal element—a noun in the current study—and a verb. In CPs, once the noun has been read, the exact identity of the verb is highly predictable (strong predictability); this was confirmed using a sentence completion study. In two self-paced reading (SPR) and two eye-tracking (ET) experiments, we delayed the appearance of the verb by interposing a relative clause (Experiments 1 and 3) or a long PP (Experiments 2 and 4). We also included a simple Noun-Verb predicate configuration with the same distance manipulation; here, the exact identity of the verb was not predictable (weak predictability). Thus, the design crossed Predictability Strength and Distance. We found that, consistent with surprisal, the verb in the strong predictability conditions was read faster than in the weak predictability conditions. Furthermore, greater verb-argument distance led to slower reading times; strong predictability did not neutralize or attenuate the locality effects. As regards the effect of distance on dependency resolution difficulty, these four experiments present evidence in favor of working memory accounts of argument-verb dependency resolution, and against the surprisal-based expectation account of Levy (2008). However, another expectation-based measure, entropy, which was computed using the offline sentence completion data, predicts reading times in Experiment 1 but not in the other experiments. Because participants tend to produce more ungrammatical continuations in the long-distance condition in Experiment 1, we suggest that forgetting due to memory overload leads to greater entropy at the verb. KW - locality KW - expectation KW - surprisal KW - entropy KW - Persian KW - complex predicates KW - self-paced reading KW - eye-tracking Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00403 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 7 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, Shuyan A1 - Schad, Daniel A1 - Kuschpel, Maxim S. A1 - Rapp, Michael A. A1 - Heinz, Andreas T1 - Music and Video Gaming during Breaks BT - Influence on Habitual versus Goal-Directed Decision Making JF - PLoS one N2 - Different systems for habitual versus goal-directed control are thought to underlie human decision-making. Working memory is known to shape these decision-making systems and their interplay, and is known to support goal-directed decision making even under stress. Here, we investigated if and how decision systems are differentially influenced by breaks filled with diverse everyday life activities known to modulate working memory performance. We used a within-subject design where young adults listened to music and played a video game during breaks interleaved with trials of a sequential two-step Markov decision task, designed to assess habitual as well as goal-directed decision making. Based on a neurocomputational model of task performance, we observed that for individuals with a rather limited working memory capacity video gaming as compared to music reduced reliance on the goal-directed decision-making system, while a rather large working memory capacity prevented such a decline. Our findings suggest differential effects of everyday activities on key decision-making processes. KW - Decision making KW - Games KW - Working memory KW - Video games KW - Cognition KW - Cognitive impairment KW - Music cognition KW - Learning Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0150165 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Public Library of Science CY - Lawrence, Kan. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wacker, Alexander A1 - Piepho, Maike A1 - Harwood, John L. A1 - Guschina, Irina A. A1 - Arts, Michael T. T1 - Light-Induced Changes in Fatty Acid Profiles of Specific Lipid Classes in Several Freshwater Phytoplankton Species JF - Frontiers in plant science : FPLS N2 - We tested the influence of two light intensities [40 and 300 μmol PAR / (m2s)] on the fatty acid composition of three distinct lipid classes in four freshwater phytoplankton species. We chose species of different taxonomic classes in order to detect potentially similar reaction characteristics that might also be present in natural phytoplankton communities. From samples of the bacillariophyte Asterionella formosa, the chrysophyte Chromulina sp., the cryptophyte Cryptomonas ovata and the zygnematophyte Cosmarium botrytis we first separated glycolipids (monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, digalactosyldiacylglycerol, and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol), phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine) as well as non-polar lipids (triacylglycerols), before analyzing the fatty acid composition of each lipid class. High variation in the fatty acid composition existed among different species. Individual fatty acid compositions differed in their reaction to changing light intensities in the four species. Although no generalizations could be made for species across taxonomic classes, individual species showed clear but small responses in their ecologically-relevant omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in terms of proportions and of per tissue carbon quotas. Knowledge on how lipids like fatty acids change with environmental or culture conditions is of great interest in ecological food web studies, aquaculture, and biotechnology, since algal lipids are the most important sources of omega-3 long-chain PUFA for aquatic and terrestrial consumers, including humans. KW - freshwater algae KW - light adaptation KW - lipid classes KW - fatty acid changes Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00264 SN - 1664-462X VL - 7 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nicenboim, Bruno A1 - Logacev, Pavel A1 - Gattei, Carolina A1 - Vasishth, Shravan T1 - When High-Capacity Readers Slow Down and Low-Capacity Readers Speed Up BT - Working Memory and Locality Effects JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - We examined the effects of argument-head distance in SVO and SOV languages (Spanish and German), while taking into account readers' working memory capacity and controlling for expectation (Levy, 2008) and other factors. We predicted only locality effects, that is, a slowdown produced by increased dependency distance (Gibson, 2000; Lewis and Vasishth, 2005). Furthermore, we expected stronger locality effects for readers with low working memory capacity. Contrary to our predictions, low-capacity readers showed faster reading with increased distance, while high-capacity readers showed locality effects. We suggest that while the locality effects are compatible with memory-based explanations, the speedup of low-capacity readers can be explained by an increased probability of retrieval failure. We present a computational model based on ACT-R built under the previous assumptions, which is able to give a qualitative account for the present data and can be tested in future research. Our results suggest that in some cases, interpreting longer RTs as indexing increased processing difficulty and shorter RTs as facilitation may be too simplistic: The same increase in processing difficulty may lead to slowdowns in high-capacity readers and speedups in low-capacity ones. Ignoring individual level capacity differences when investigating locality effects may lead to misleading conclusions. KW - locality KW - working memory capacity KW - individual differences KW - Spanish KW - German KW - ACT-R Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00280 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 7 SP - 1 EP - 24 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wels, Volkhard T1 - Sebastian Brants "Narrenschiff" als Sammlung von Argumenten im Sinne von Rudolf Agricolas "De formando studio" JF - Sebastian Brant und die Kommunikationskultur um 1500 (Wolfenbütteler Abhandlungen zur Renaissanceforschung ; Bd. 26) N2 - Die These des Aufsatzes lautet, dass es sich bei Sebastian Brants „Narrenschiff“ um einen Text handelt, der entsprechend der Prinzipien verstanden werden kann, die Rudolf Agricola für das Sammeln von Argumenten formuliert hat. Das Gründungsdokument dieser humanistischen Methode, die unter dem Begriff der „loci communes“ Geschich¬te gemacht hat, ist ein Brief Agricolas aus dem Jahr 1484. Ein erster Teil des Aufsatzes stellt Agricolas Argumen¬tationstheorie dar, ein zweiter Teil zeigt, dass Brants „Narrenschiff“ als Ergebnis dieser Argumentationstheorie verstanden werden kann. KW - Sebastian Brant KW - Narrenschiff KW - Rudolf Agricola KW - De inventione dialectica KW - Argumentationstheorie KW - loci communes KW - Dialektik KW - Frühe Neuzeit KW - Deutsche Literatur der Frühen Neuzeit Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-3-447-06300-5 SP - 273 EP - 292 PB - Harrassowitz CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wels, Volkhard T1 - 'Gelegenheitsdichtung' BT - Probleme und Perspektiven der Forschung JF - Theorie und Praxis der Kasualdichtung in der Frühen Neuzeit (Chloe ; 43) N2 - Der Beitrag dient als Einführung in einen Sammelband zu "Theorie und Praxis der Kasualdichtung in der Frühen Neuzeit". Er setzt sich kritisch mit dem Begriff der "Gelegenheitsdichtung" auseinander. KW - Frühe Neuzeit KW - Deutsche Literatur der Frühen Neuzeit KW - Gelegenheitsdichtung KW - Kasualdichtung KW - Poetik Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-90-420-3104-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/9789042031050_002 SN - 0168-9878 SP - 9 EP - 31 PB - Rodopi CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rätzel, Dennis A1 - Wilkens, Martin A1 - Menzel, Ralf T1 - Gravitational properties of light BT - the gravitational field of a laser pulse JF - New journal of physics : the open-access journal for physics N2 - The gravitational field of a laser pulse of finite lifetime, is investigated in the framework of linearized gravity. Although the effects are very small, they may be of fundamental physical interest. It is shown that the gravitational field of a linearly polarized light pulse is modulated as the norm of the corresponding electric field strength, while no modulations arise for circular polarization. In general, the gravitational field is independent of the polarization direction. It is shown that all physical effects are confined to spherical shells expanding with the speed of light, and that these shells are imprints of the spacetime events representing emission and absorption of the pulse. Nearby test particles at rest are attracted towards the pulse trajectory by the gravitational field due to the emission of the pulse, and they are repelled from the pulse trajectory by the gravitational field due to its absorption. Examples are given for the size of the attractive effect. It is recovered that massless test particles do not experience any physical effect if they are co-propagating with the pulse, and that the acceleration of massless test particles counter-propagating with respect to the pulse is four times stronger than for massive particles at rest. The similarities between the gravitational effect of a laser pulse and Newtonian gravity in two dimensions are pointed out. The spacetime curvature close to the pulse is compared to that induced by gravitational waves from astronomical sources. KW - gravity KW - general relativity KW - laser pulses KW - electromagnetic radiation KW - linearized gravity KW - pp-wave solutions Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/18/2/023009 SN - 1367-2630 VL - 18 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - IOP Science CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wels, Volkhard T1 - Zwischen Spiritualismus, Hermetik und lutherischer "Orthodoxie" BT - Zu Hans-Georg Kempers Vorgeschichte der Naturlyrik JF - Zeitsprünge : Forschungen zur Frühen Neuzeit N2 - Der Aufsatz bietet eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit Hans-Georg Kempers Konzeption der Geschichte der Lyrik in der Frühen Neuzeit. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei die Bedeutung der lutherischen "Orthodoxie" und der Hermetik. KW - Hans-Georg Kemper KW - Frühe Neuzeit KW - Deutsche Literatur der Frühen Neuzeit KW - Lyrik KW - Naturlyrik KW - lutherische Theologie KW - Hermetik KW - Esoterik Y1 - 2012 SN - 1431-7451 VL - 16 IS - 3/4 SP - 243 EP - 284 PB - Klostermann CY - Frankfurt, M. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Höhle, Barbara A1 - Fritzsche, Tom A1 - Müller, Anja T1 - Children’s Comprehension of Sentences with Focus Particles and the Role of Cognitive Control BT - An Eye Tracking Study with German-Learning 4-Year-Olds JF - PLoS one N2 - Children’s interpretations of sentences containing focus particles do not seem adult-like until school age. This study investigates how German 4-year-old children comprehend sentences with the focus particle ‘nur’ (only) by using different tasks and controlling for the impact of general cognitive abilities on performance measures. Two sentence types with ‘only’ in either pre-subject or pre-object position were presented. Eye gaze data and verbal responses were collected via the visual world paradigm combined with a sentence-picture verification task. While the eye tracking data revealed an adult-like pattern of focus particle processing, the sentence-picture verification replicated previous findings of poor comprehension, especially for ‘only’ in pre-subject position. A second study focused on the impact of general cognitive abilities on the outcomes of the verification task. Working memory was related to children’s performance in both sentence types whereas inhibitory control was selectively related to the number of errors for sentences with ‘only’ in pre-subject position. These results suggest that children at the age of 4 years have the linguistic competence to correctly interpret sentences with focus particles, which–depending on specific task demands–may be masked by immature general cognitive abilities. KW - eyes KW - sentence processing KW - cognition KW - cognitive linguistics KW - human performance KW - syntax KW - cognitive psychology KW - working memory Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149870 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 27 PB - PLoS CY - Lawrence, Kan. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brand, Ralf A1 - Koch, Helen T1 - Using Caffeine Pills for Performance Enhancement BT - An Experimental Study on University Students’ Willingness and Their Intention to Try Neuroenhancements JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Recent research has indicated that university students sometimes use caffeine pills for neuroenhancement (NE; non-medical use of psychoactive substances or technology to produce a subjective enhancement in psychological functioning and experience), especially during exam preparation. In our factorial survey experiment, we manipulated the evidence participants were given about the prevalence of NE amongst peers and measured the resulting effects on the psychological predictors included in the Prototype-Willingness Model of risk behavior. Two hundred and thirty-one university students were randomized to a high prevalence condition (read faked research results overstating usage of caffeine pills amongst peers by a factor of 5; 50%), low prevalence condition (half the estimated prevalence; 5%) or control condition (no information about peer prevalence). Structural equation modeling confirmed that our participants’ willingness and intention to use caffeine pills in the next exam period could be explained by their past use of neuroenhancers, attitude to NE and subjective norm about use of caffeine pills whilst image of the typical user was a much less important factor. Provision of inaccurate information about prevalence reduced the predictive power of attitude with respect to willingness by 40-45%. This may be because receiving information about peer prevalence which does not fit with their perception of the social norm causes people to question their attitude. Prevalence information might exert a deterrent effect on NE via the attitude-willingness association. We argue that research into NE and deterrence of associated risk behaviors should be informed by psychological theory. KW - attitude KW - prevalence information KW - prototype-willingness-model KW - social reactivity KW - doping Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00101 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 7 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paape, Dario L. J. F. T1 - Filling the Silence BT - Reactivation, not Reconstruction JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - In a self-paced reading experiment, we investigated the processing of sluicing constructions (“sluices”) whose antecedent contained a known garden-path structure in German. Results showed decreased processing times for sluices with garden-path antecedents as well as a disadvantage for antecedents with non-canonical word order downstream from the ellipsis site. A post-hoc analysis showed the garden-path advantage also to be present in the region right before the ellipsis site. While no existing account of ellipsis processing explicitly predicted the results, we argue that they are best captured by combining a local antecedent mismatch effect with memory trace reactivation through reanalysis. KW - ellipsis processing KW - garden-path effect KW - German KW - retrieval KW - reconstruction KW - self-paced reading Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00027 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 7 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thomas, Linda A1 - Stadler, Heike T1 - Workflow zur Identifizierung von Publikationen für die Zweitveröffentlichung T1 - Workflow for identifying works for secondary publication JF - Bibliotheksdienst N2 - Verfügbare Allianz- und Nationallizenzen können eine Open-Access-Komponente beinhalten. Diese räumen den autorisierten Autoren oder Einrichtungen bestimmte Open-Access-Rechte zur Zweitveröffentlichung ein. Vorhandene Lizenzrechte zur Realisierung des Grünen Weges können somit zukünftig verstärkt genutzt werden. Dabei kann die Bibliothek eine aktive Rolle einnehmen. Präsentiert wird ein Workflow, der sich an der Checkliste für Repository-Manager orientiert. Sieben herausgearbeitete Schritte werden genannt und näher erläutert. An Beispielen wurde der Workflow getestet. Die Ergebnisse werden ebenfalls vorgestellt. Die Erweiterung des Workflows zur Identifizierung von Publikationen für die Zweitveröffentlichung lässt sich ggf. auch auf Creative-Commons-Lizenzen anwenden bzw. auf Zeitschriften, die keine Open-Access-Komponente haben. N2 - Available alliance and national licences may contain an Open Access component. They grant authorised authors or institutions certain Open Access rights for secondary publication. Existing licence rights for realising the Green Road can be used to an increased extent in the future, and the library can play an active role. This article presents a workflow that is oriented towards the check-list for repository managers. It cites seven steps that have been identified and gives more details about them. The workflow has been tested on examples, the results are presented as well. The extension of the workflow for identifying works for secondary publication may perhaps be applicable on Creative Commons licences or magazines that do not have an Open Access component. KW - Open Access KW - Zweitveröffentlichung KW - Grüner Weg KW - Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek (EZB) KW - Lizenzen KW - Open Access KW - secondary publication KW - Green Road KW - Electronic Journals Library KW - licences Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/bd-2016-0006 SN - 2194-9646 SN - 0006-1972 VL - 50 IS - 1 SP - 62 EP - 68 PB - De Gruyter Saur CY - Berlin , Boston ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Souza Martins, Adrian T1 - Imperiale Aufteilung im Nahen Osten BT - das Sykes-Picot-Abkommen von 1916 JF - Welt-Trends : das außenpolitische Journal Y1 - 2016 VL - 24 IS - 114 SP - 50 EP - 53 PB - WeltTrends CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dornfeldt, Matthias A1 - Maharramowa, Sona T1 - Die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Aserbaidschan und Deutschland im fossilen Energiesektor JF - Welt-Trends : das außenpolitische Journal Y1 - 2016 VL - 24 IS - 114 SP - 9 EP - 13 PB - WeltTrends CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Steffen A1 - Carlsohn, Anja A1 - Müller, Juliane A1 - Baur, Heiner A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Influence of Obesity on Foot Loading Characteristics in Gait for Children Aged 1 to 12 Years JF - PLoS one N2 - Background Overweight and obesity are increasing health problems that are not restricted to adults only. Childhood obesity is associated with metabolic, psychological and musculoskeletal comorbidities. However, knowledge about the effect of obesity on the foot function across maturation is lacking. Decreased foot function with disproportional loading characteristics is expected for obese children. The aim of this study was to examine foot loading characteristics during gait of normal-weight, overweight and obese children aged 1-12 years. Methods A total of 10382 children aged one to twelve years were enrolled in the study. Finally, 7575 children (m/f: n = 3630/3945; 7.0 +/- 2.9yr; 1.23 +/- 0.19m; 26.6 +/- 10.6kg; BMI: 17.1 +/- 2.4kg/m(2)) were included for (complete case) data analysis. Children were categorized to normalweight (>= 3rd and <90th percentile; n = 6458), overweight (>= 90rd and <97th percentile; n = 746) or obese (>97th percentile; n = 371) according to the German reference system that is based on age and gender-specific body mass indices (BMI). Plantar pressure measurements were assessed during gait on an instrumented walkway. Contact area, arch index (AI), peak pressure (PP) and force time integral (FTI) were calculated for the total, fore-, mid-and hindfoot. Data was analyzed descriptively (mean +/- SD) followed by ANOVA/Welch-test (according to homogeneity of variances: yes/no) for group differences according to BMI categorization (normal-weight, overweight, obesity) and for each age group 1 to 12yrs (post-hoc Tukey Kramer/Dunnett's C; alpha = 0.05). Results Mean walking velocity was 0.95 +/- 0.25 m/s with no differences between normal-weight, overweight or obese children (p = 0.0841). Results show higher foot contact area, arch index, peak pressure and force time integral in overweight and obese children (p< 0.001). Obese children showed the 1.48-fold (1 year-old) to 3.49-fold (10 year-old) midfoot loading (FTI) compared to normal-weight. Conclusion Additional body mass leads to higher overall load, with disproportional impact on the midfoot area and longitudinal foot arch showing characteristic foot loading patterns. Already the feet of one and two year old children are significantly affected. Childhood overweight and obesity is not compensated by the musculoskeletal system. To avoid excessive foot loading with potential risk of discomfort or pain in childhood, prevention strategies should be developed and validated for children with a high body mass index and functional changes in the midfoot area. The presented plantar pressure values could additionally serve as reference data to identify suspicious foot loading patterns in children. KW - plantar pressure distribution KW - body-mass index KW - prepubescent children KW - overweight children KW - childhood obesity KW - walking KW - speed KW - forces KW - adolescents KW - prevalence Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149924 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 11 IS - 2 PB - Public Library of Science CY - Lawrence, Kan. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prinz, Julia A1 - Heck, Christian A1 - Ellerik, Lisa A1 - Merk, Virginia A1 - Bald, Ilko T1 - DNA origami based Au–Ag-core–shell nanoparticle dimers with single-molecule SERS sensitivity JF - Nanoscale N2 - DNA origami nanostructures are a versatile tool to arrange metal nanostructures and other chemical entities with nanometer precision. In this way gold nanoparticle dimers with defined distance can be constructed, which can be exploited as novel substrates for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). We have optimized the size, composition and arrangement of Au/Ag nanoparticles to create intense SERS hot spots, with Raman enhancement up to 1010, which is sufficient to detect single molecules by Raman scattering. This is demonstrated using single dye molecules (TAMRA and Cy3) placed into the center of the nanoparticle dimers. In conjunction with the DNA origami nanostructures novel SERS substrates are created, which can in the future be applied to the SERS analysis of more complex biomolecular targets, whose position and conformation within the SERS hot spot can be precisely controlled. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/C5NR08674D IS - 8 SP - 5612 EP - 5620 PB - RSC Publishing CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mondal, Suvendu Sekhar A1 - Marquardt, Dorothea A1 - Janiak, Christoph A1 - Holdt, Hans-Jürgen T1 - Use of a 4,5-dicyanoimidazolate anion based ionic liquid for the synthesis of iron and silver nanoparticles JF - Dalton transactions : an international journal of inorganic chemistry N2 - Sixteen new ionic liquids (ILs) with tetraethylammonium, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, 3-methyl-1-octylimidazolium and tetrabutylphosphonium cations paired with 2-substituted 4,5-dicyanoimidazolate anions (substituent at C2 = methyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, N,N′-dimethyl amino and nitro) have been synthesized and characterized by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effects of cation and anion type and structure of the resulting ILs, including several room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), are reflected in the crystallization, melting points and thermal decomposition of the ILs. ILs exhibited large liquid and crystallization ranges and formed glasses on cooling with glass transition temperatures in the range of −22 to −71 °C. We selected one of the newly designed ILs due to its bigger size, compared to the common conventional IL anion and high electron-withdrawing nitrile group leads to an overall stabilization anion that may stabilize the metal nanoparticles. Stable and better separated iron and silver nanoparticles are obtained by the decomposition of corresponding Fe2(CO)9 and AgPF6, respectively, under N2-atmosphere in newly designed nitrile functionalized 4,5-dicyanoimidazolate anion based IL. Very small and uniform size for Fe-nanoparticles of about 1.8 ± 0.6 nm were achieved without any additional stabilizers or capping molecules. Comparatively bigger size of Ag-nanoparticles was obtained through the reduction of AgPF6 by hydrogen gas. Additionally, the AgPF6 precursor was decomposed under microwave irradiation (MWI), fabricating nut-in-shell-like, that is, core-separated-from-shell Ag-nano-structures. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/C6DT00225K SN - 1477-9226 IS - 45 SP - 5476 EP - 5483 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klaper, M. A1 - Wessig, Pablo A1 - Linker, Torsten T1 - Base catalysed decomposition of anthracene endoperoxide JF - Chemical communications : ChemComm N2 - Catalytic amounts of a weak base are sufficient to induce the decomposition of anthracene endoperoxides to anthraquinone. The mechanism has been elucidated by isolation of intermediates in combination with DFT calculations. The whole process is suitable for the convenient generation of hydrogen peroxide under very mild conditions. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CC08606J SN - 1364-548X IS - 52 SP - 1210 EP - 1213 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Matis, Jochen René A1 - Schönborn, Jan Boyke A1 - Saalfrank, Peter T1 - A multi-reference study of the byproduct formation for a ring-closed dithienylethene photoswitch JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : PCCP ; a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - Photodriven molecular switches are sometimes hindered in their performance by forming byproducts which act as dead ends in sequences of switching cycles, leading to rapid fatigue effects. Understanding the reaction pathways to unwanted byproducts is a prerequisite for preventing them. This article presents a study of the photochemical reaction pathways for byproduct formation in the photochromic switch 1,2-bis-(3-thienyl)-ethene. Specifically, using single- and multi-reference methods the post-deexcitation reaction towards the byproduct in the electronic ground state S0 when starting from the S1–S0 conical intersection (CoIn), is considered in detail. We find an unusual low-energy pathway, which offers the possibility for the formation of a dyotropic byproduct. Several high-energy pathways can be excluded with high probability. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CP00987A SN - 1463-9076 SN - 1463-9084 IS - 17 SP - 14088 EP - 14095 PB - The Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prestel, Andreas A1 - Möller, Heiko Michael T1 - Spatio-temporal control of cellular uptake achieved by photoswitchable cell-penetrating peptides JF - Chemical communications : ChemComm N2 - The selective uptake of compounds into specific cells of interest is a major objective in cell biology and drug delivery. By incorporation of a novel, thermostable azobenzene moiety we generated peptides that can be switched optically between an inactive state and an active, cell-penetrating state with excellent spatio-temporal control. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CC06848G SN - 1364-548X IS - 52 SP - 701 EP - 704 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klier, Dennis Tobias A1 - Kumke, Michael Uwe T1 - Analysing the effect of the crystal structure on upconversion luminescence in Yb3+,Er3+-co-doped NaYF4 nanomaterials JF - Journal of materials chemistry C ; Materials for optical and electronic devices N2 - NaYF4:Yb:Er nanoparticles (UCNP) were synthesized under mild experimental conditions to obtain a pure cubic lattice. Upon annealing at different temperatures up to Tan = 700 °C phase transitions to the hexagonal phase and back to the cubic phase were induced. The UCNP materials obtained for different Tan were characterized with respect to the lattice phase using standard XRD and Raman spectroscopy as well as steady state and time resolved upconversion luminescence. The standard techniques showed that for the annealing temperature range 300 °C < Tan < 600 °C the hexagonal lattice phase was dominant. For Tan < 300 °C hardly any change in the lattice phase could be deduced, whereas for Tan > 600 °C a back transfer to the α-phase was observed. Complementarily, the luminescence upconversion properties of the annealed UCNP materials were characterized in steady state and time resolved luminescence measurements. Distinct differences in the upconversion luminescence intensity, the spectral intensity distribution and the luminescence decay kinetics were found for the cubic and hexagonal lattice phases, respectively, corroborating the results of the standard analytical techniques used. In laser power dependent measurements of the upconversion luminescence intensity it was found that the green (G1, G2) and red (R) emission of Er3+ showed different effects of Tan on the number of required photons reflecting the differences in the population routes of different energy levels involved. Furthermore, the intensity ratio of Gfull/R is highly effected by the laser power only when the β-phase is present, whereas the G1/G2 intensity ratio is only slightly effected regardless of the crystal phase. Moreover, based on different upconversion luminescence kinetics characteristics of the cubic and hexagonal phase time-resolved area normalized emission spectra (TRANES) proved to be a very sensitive tool to monitor the phase transition between cubic and hexagonal phases. Based on the TRANES analysis it was possible to resolve the lattice phase transition in more detail for 200 °C < Tan < 300 °C, which was not possible with the standard techniques. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TC02218E SN - 2050-7526 SN - 2050-7534 IS - 3 SP - 11228 EP - 11238 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klier, Dennis Tobias A1 - Kumke, Michael Uwe T1 - Upconversion NaYF4:Yb:Er nanoparticles co-doped with Gd3+ and Nd3+ for thermometry on the nanoscale JF - RSC Advances : an international journal to further the chemical sciences N2 - In the present work, the upconversion luminescence properties of oleic acid capped NaYF4:Gd3+:Yb3+:Er3+ upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) with pure β crystal phase and Nd3+ ions as an additional sensitizer were studied in the temperature range of 288 K < T < 328 K. The results of this study showed that the complex interplay of different mechanisms and effects, causing the special temperature behavior of the UCNP can be developed into thermometry on the nanoscale, e.g. to be applied in biological systems on a cellular level. The performance was improved by the use of Nd3+ as an additional dopant utilizing the cascade sensitization mechanism in tri-doped UCNP. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA11502G SN - 2046-2069 IS - 5 SP - 67149 EP - 67156 PB - RSC Publishing CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Carvalho, Sidney J. A1 - Metzler, Ralf A1 - Cherstvy, Andrey G. T1 - Inverted critical adsorption of polyelectrolytes in confinement JF - Soft matter N2 - What are the fundamental laws for the adsorption of charged polymers onto oppositely charged surfaces, for convex, planar, and concave geometries? This question is at the heart of surface coating applications, various complex formation phenomena, as well as in the context of cellular and viral biophysics. It has been a long-standing challenge in theoretical polymer physics; for realistic systems the quantitative understanding is however often achievable only by computer simulations. In this study, we present the findings of such extensive Monte-Carlo in silico experiments for polymer–surface adsorption in confined domains. We study the inverted critical adsorption of finite-length polyelectrolytes in three fundamental geometries: planar slit, cylindrical pore, and spherical cavity. The scaling relations extracted from simulations for the critical surface charge density sc—defining the adsorption–desorption transition—are in excellent agreement with our analytical calculations based on the ground-state analysis of the Edwards equation. In particular, we confirm the magnitude and scaling of sc for the concave interfaces versus the Debye screening length 1/k and the extent of confinement a for these three interfaces for small ka values. For large ka the critical adsorption condition approaches the known planar limit. The transition between the two regimes takes place when the radius of surface curvature or half of the slit thickness a is of the order of 1/k. We also rationalize how sc(k) dependence gets modified for semi-flexible versus flexible chains under external confinement. We examine the implications of the chain length for critical adsorption—the effect often hard to tackle theoretically—putting an emphasis on polymers inside attractive spherical cavities. The applications of our findings to some biological systems are discussed, for instance the adsorption of nucleic acids onto the inner surfaces of cylindrical and spherical viral capsids. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/C5SM00635J SN - 1744-6848 SN - 1744-683X IS - 11 SP - 4430 EP - 4443 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hentrich, Doreen A1 - Junginger, Mathias A1 - Bruns, Michael A1 - Börner, Hans Gerhard A1 - Brandt, Jessica A1 - Brezesinski, Gerald A1 - Taubert, Andreas T1 - Interface-controlled calcium phosphate mineralization BT - effect of oligo(aspartic acid)-rich interfaces JF - CrystEngComm N2 - The phase behavior of an amphiphilic block copolymer based on a poly(aspartic acid) hydrophilic block and a poly(n-butyl acrylate) hydrophobic block was investigated at the air–water and air–buffer interface. The polymer forms stable monomolecular films on both subphases. At low pH, the isotherms exhibit a plateau. Compression–expansion experiments and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy suggest that the plateau is likely due to the formation of polymer bi- or multilayers. At high pH the films remain intact upon compression and no multilayer formation is observed. Furthermore, the mineralization of calcium phosphate beneath the monolayer was studied at different pH. The pH of the subphase and thus the polymer charge strongly affects the phase behavior of the film and the mineral formation. After 4 h of mineralization at low pH, atomic force microscopy shows smooth mineral films with a low roughness. With increasing pH the mineral films become inhomogeneous and the roughness increases. Transmission electron microscopy confirms this: at low pH a few small but uniform particles form whereas particles grown at higher pH are larger and highly agglomerated. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm the formation of calcium phosphate. The levels of mineralization are higher in samples grown at high pH. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CE02274B SN - 1466-8033 IS - 17 SP - 6901 EP - 6913 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jann, Werner A1 - Reichard, Christoph ED - Wollmann, Hellmut T1 - Best practice in central government modernization BT - in memoriam Frieder Naschold 1940 - 1999 JF - RIEP : Revista internacional de estudos politicos JF - International journal of political studies Y1 - 2001 SN - 1516-5973 VL - 2001 IS - Special 9 SP - 93 EP - 111 PB - NUSEG CY - Rio de Janeiro ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Angelow, Jürgen T1 - Verdun 1916 BT - Ergebnis und Mythos JF - WeltTrends : das außenpolitische Journal Y1 - 2016 VL - 2016 IS - 113 SP - 50 EP - 51 PB - WeltTrends CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kleger, Heinz T1 - Mehrfachkrise und Populismus JF - WeltTrends : das außenpolitische Journal Y1 - 2016 VL - 24 IS - 113 SP - 42 EP - 44 PB - WeltTrends CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wels, Volkhard T1 - Die Poetik als Teil des aristotelischen Organon JF - Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur N2 - Der Aufsatz umreißt die Wirkung von Averroes’ Bearbeitung der aristotelischen ‚Poetik‘ als argumentativer Disziplin. Beginnend mit Al-Farabi und Al-Gazali im zehnten Jahrhundert wird die ‚Poetik‘ den logischen Disziplinen des ‚Organon‘ zugerechnet. Während die Theorie eines ‚poetischen Syllogismus‘ nicht rezipiert worden ist, wurde der argumentative Status der Dichtung vom zwölften Jahrhundert an auch im lateinischen Westen bekannt. Mit unterschiedlichen Begründungen übernahmen Dominicus Gundissalinus, Vincenz von Beauvais, Albertus Magnus, Roger Bacon und Thomas von Aquin die Klassifizierung der Poetik als argumentative Disziplin. Am Ende des Aufsatzes steht ein Ausblick auf Coluccio Salutatis ‚De laboribus Herculis‘ und die humanistische Rezeption dieser Tradition. N2 - The paper sketches the impact of Averroes’ adaptation of Aristotle’s ‘Poetics’ as an argumentative discipline. Starting from the 10th century with Al-Farabi and Al-Gazali, the ‘Poetics’ is assigned to the logical disciplines of the ‘Organon’. While the theory of a ‘poetic syllogism’ never made its way to the Latin West, from 12th century onwards the logical, argumentative status of poetics became a well-known fact to western philosophers as well. With varying reasons Dominicus Gundissalinus, Vincent of Beauvais, Albertus Magnus, Roger Bacon and Thomas Aquinas adopted the classification of poetics as an argumentative discipline. The paper ends with a prospect on Coluccio Salutati’s ‘Labours of Hercules’ and the humanist reception of this tradition. KW - Poetik KW - Organon KW - Aristoteles KW - Averroes KW - Al-Farabi KW - Al-Gazali KW - Dominicus Gundissalinus KW - Vincenz von Beauvais KW - Albertus Magnus KW - Thomas von Aquin KW - Coluccio Salutati KW - Argumentationstheorie Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/bgsl.2011.056 SN - 0005-8076 SN - 1865-9373 VL - 133 IS - 3-4 SP - 470 EP - 486 PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin , New York, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wels, Volkhard T1 - Dichtung als Argumentationstechnik BT - Eine Interpretation der averroischen Bearbeitung der aristotelischen 'Poetik' in ihren lateinischen Übertragungen JF - Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur N2 - Der Aufsatz zeigt, dass es sich bei der averroischen Bearbeitung der aristotelischen ‚Poetik‘ um eine in sich konsistente Theorie der Dichtung handelt, die allerdings mit der aristotelischen Konzeption der Dichtung nur wenig zu tun hat. Ausgehend von der Übersetzung von ‚Tragödie‘ und ‚Komödie‘ mit ‚Lob‘ und ‚Tadel‘ entwickelt Averroes einen Begriff von Dichtung als moralphilosophisches Argument zum Lob der Tugend und zum Tadel des Lasters. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Interpretation des aristotelischen Begriffs der mimesis als similitudo, das heißt als Gleichnis. Als gleichnishaftes Argument ist Dichtung nur graduell von anderen argumentativen Formen wie der demonstrativen Logik und der Rhetorik unterschieden. N2 - The paper argues that Averroes’ paraphrase of Aristotle’s ‚Poetics‘ is a consistent theory of poetry, though not having much in common with Aristotle’s original conception. Based on the translation of ‚tragedy‘ and ‚comedy‘ as ‚praise‘ and ‚blame‘, Averroes develops a concept of poetry as a moral-philosophical argument to praise virtue and to blame vice. The focus lies on the interpretation of Aristotelian mimesis as similitudo, that is ‚parabolic quality‘. Being a parabolic argument poetry is distinguishable only gradually from other argumentative techniques such as demonstrative logic or rhetoric. KW - Poetik KW - Aristoteles KW - Averroes KW - Argumentationstheorie KW - Logik Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/bgsl.2011.029 SN - 0005-8076 SN - 1865-9373 VL - 133 IS - 2 SP - 265 EP - 289 PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin , New York, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wels, Volkhard T1 - Die historische Bedeutung von Melanchthons Rhetorik JF - Fragmenta Melanchthoniana. - Bd. 3: Melanchthons Wirkung in der europäischen Bildungsgeschichte Günter Frank; Sebastian Lalla (Hrsg.) N2 - Rede zur Verleihung des Melanchthon-Preises 2005 in Bretten gehalten. KW - Geschichte der Rhetorik KW - Rhetorik und Philosophie KW - Philipp Melanchthon KW - Humanismus KW - Reformation KW - Argumentationstheorie Y1 - 2007 SN - 978-3-89735-456-2 SP - 229 EP - 237 PB - Verl. Regionalkultur CY - Ubstadt-Weiher , Heidelberg , Neustadt a.d.W. , Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wels, Volkhard T1 - Rationalistische Begründung der Dichtung und Kritik des Enthusiasmus BT - Die Poetik Campanellas in ihren historischen Bezügen JF - Scientia poetica : Jahrbuch für Geschichte der Literatur und der Wissenschaften N2 - Die „Poetica“ Tommaso Campanellas ist Ausdruck einer starken Rationalisierung und didaktischer Instrumentalisierung der Dichtung. Diese Rationalisierung kann als Reaktion auf die Inspirationstheorien von Marsilio Ficino und Pietro Pomponazzi erklärt werden, die beide (mit je ganz unterschiedlichen Begründungen) den poetischen Enthusiasmus neben die Offenbarungen des Propheten gestellt und damit den ausschließlichen Offenbarungsanspruch der Prophetie herausgefordert hatten. KW - Tommaso Campanella KW - Marsilio Ficino KW - Pietro Pomponazzi KW - Enthusiasmus KW - Inspiration KW - Aristotelismus KW - Geschichte der Poetik Y1 - 2005 SN - 1431-5041 SN - 1868-9418 VL - 9 SP - 14 EP - 38 PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wels, Volkhard T1 - imaginatio oder inventio BT - Das dichterische Schaffen und sein Gegenstand bei Puttenham, Sidney und Temple JF - Poetica : Zeitschrift für Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft N2 - Der Aufsatz analysiert die Begriffe der imaginatio und inventio und deren Verhältnis zueinander in den Poetiken von George Puttenham („Arte of English Poesie“, 1589), Philip Sidney („Defense of Poetry“, 1595) und William Temple („Analysis tractationis de poesi“, um 1595). Anders als zu erwarten wird in allen drei Fällen das dichterische Vermögen nicht im Sinne eines modernen Begriffs von kreativer Phantasie gedeutet. Weil der Begriff der imaginatio eine gefährliche Nähe zu den Wahnvorstellungen eines Verrückten impliziert, es Puttenham und Sidney aber vor allem um eine soziale Aufwertung der Dichtung als einer höfisch angemessenen Tätigkeit geht, wird der Begriff der imaginatio nur in einem sehr eingeschränkten Sinne verwendet. Das impliziert auch eine Ablehnung des Begriffs eines Enthusiasmus oder furor poeticus, also einer göttlichen Inspiration des Dichters, wie er insbesondere mit dem Neuplatonismus Ficinos assoziiert wurde. KW - George Puttenham KW - Philip Sidney KW - William Temple KW - Geschichte der Poetik KW - imaginatio KW - inventio KW - göttliche Inspiration KW - Enthusiasmus Y1 - 2005 SN - 0303-4178 VL - 37 IS - 1/2 SP - 65 EP - 91 PB - Fink CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wels, Volkhard T1 - Zur Vorgeschichte des Begriffs der 'kreativen Phantasie' JF - Zeitschrift für Ästhetik und allgemeine Kunstwissenschaft JF - Journal for aesthetics and general art history N2 - Gegen die gängige Vorstellung von der ‚kreativen Phantasie‘ als dem schöpferischen Vermögen des Dichters argumentiert der Aufsatz, dass erst mit der Frühromantik die Phantasie zum kreativen Vermögen erklärt wird, davor jedoch die Vernunft als kreatives Vermögen galt. In der Fakultätenpsychologie des Mittelalters und der Frühen Neuzeit wurde die imaginatio als ein rein passives Vorstellungsvermögen der Vernunft nicht entgegengestellt, sondern ihr übergeordnet, indem sich die Vernunft der Phantasie als bildgebendem Verfahren bediente. Während das Ergebnis der Phantasie seit der Frühromantik als ästhetisches ‚Werk‘ im emphatischen Sinne gilt, war das Ergebnis der dichtenden Vernunft ein Argument im logischen Sinne, das Prozess der inventio gefunden worden war. Erst Anfang des 18. Jahrhunderts entwickelt sich dann der Begriff der ‚kreativen Phantasie‘ aus dem rhetorischen Konzept der Anschaulichkeit (evidentia). KW - Begriffsgeschichte der Phantasie KW - Vorstellungsvermögen KW - Poetik KW - Rhetorik KW - Kreativität Y1 - 2005 SN - 0044-2186 SN - 2366-0740 VL - 50 IS - 2 SP - 199 EP - 226 PB - Felix Meiner Verlag CY - Hamburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klinnert, Anne T1 - Von Vater Staat zu Mutter Merkel? JF - WeltTrends : das außenpolitische Journal Y1 - 2016 SP - 64 EP - 66 PB - WeltTrends CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wels, Volkhard T1 - Begabte oder entrückte Dichter BT - Aristoteles, Poetik 1455a 32-34 in den Kommentaren des 16. Jahrhunderts JF - Neulateinisches Jahrbuch JF - Journal of Neo-Latin language and literature N2 - 1455a 32-34 heißt es in der „Poetik“ des Aristoteles, dass die Dichter entweder begabt oder von einem göttlichen Wahnsinn (furor poeticus) besessen seien. Damit scheint es sich bei diesem Satz um die einzige Stelle zu handeln, an der Aristoteles eine göttliche Entrückung der Dichter in Betracht zieht. Die Kommentatoren des 16. Jahrhunderts haben deshalb viel philologischen Scharfsinn auf den Versuch verwendet, diese Stelle so zu deuten, dass sie zur Konzeption der Dichtung als einer technischen Fähigkeit, wie sie die „Poetik“ entwickelt, nicht in Widerspruch steht. Mehr oder weniger explizit wenden sie sich dabei gegen die neuplatonische Enthusiasmus-Theorie Marsilio Ficinos. KW - Poetik KW - 16. Jahrhundert KW - Enthusiasmus KW - Neuplatonismus KW - Aristoteles-Kommentare KW - Inspiration Y1 - 2006 SN - 978-3-487-13289-1 SN - 1438-213X VL - 2006 IS - 8 SP - 293 EP - 312 PB - Olms-Weidmann CY - Hildesheim , Zürich , New York, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Banerjee, Shiladitya A1 - Stüker, Tony A1 - Saalfrank, Peter T1 - Vibrationally resolved optical spectra of modified diamondoids obtained from time-dependent correlation function methods JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : PCCP ; a journal of European chemical societies N2 - Optical properties of modified diamondoids have been studied theoretically using vibrationally resolved electronic absorption, emission and resonance Raman spectra. A time-dependent correlation function approach has been used for electronic two-state models, comprising a ground state (g) and a bright, excited state (e), the latter determined from linear-response, time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). The harmonic and Condon approximations were adopted. In most cases origin shifts, frequency alteration and Duschinsky rotation in excited states were considered. For other cases where no excited state geometry optimization and normal mode analysis were possible or desired, a short-time approximation was used. The optical properties and spectra have been computed for (i) a set of recently synthesized sp2/sp3 hybrid species with C[double bond, length as m-dash]C double-bond connected saturated diamondoid subunits, (ii) functionalized (mostly by thiol or thione groups) diamondoids and (iii) urotropine and other C-substituted diamondoids. The ultimate goal is to tailor optical and electronic features of diamondoids by electronic blending, functionalization and substitution, based on a molecular-level understanding of the ongoing photophysics. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CP02615F SN - 1463-9084 SN - 1463-9076 VL - 17 IS - 29 SP - 19656 EP - 19669 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Laubrock, Jochen A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - The eye-voice span during reading aloud JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Although eye movements during reading are modulated by cognitive processing demands, they also reflect visual sampling of the input, and possibly preparation of output for speech or the inner voice. By simultaneously recording eye movements and the voice during reading aloud, we obtained an output measure that constrains the length of time spent on cognitive processing. Here we investigate the dynamics of the eye-voice span (EVS), the distance between eye and voice. We show that the EVS is regulated immediately during fixation of a word by either increasing fixation duration or programming a regressive eye movement against the reading direction. EVS size at the beginning of a fixation was positively correlated with the likelihood of regressions and refixations. Regression probability was further increased if the EVS was still large at the end of a fixation: if adjustment of fixation duration did not sufficiently reduce the EVS during a fixation, then a regression rather than a refixation followed with high probability. We further show that the EVS can help understand cognitive influences on fixation duration during reading: in mixed model analyses, the EVS was a stronger predictor of fixation durations than either word frequency or word length. The EVS modulated the influence of several other predictors on single fixation durations (SFDs). For example, word-N frequency effects were larger with a large EVS, especially when word N-1 frequency was low. Finally, a comparison of SFDs during oral and silent reading showed that reading is governed by similar principles in both reading modes, although EVS maintenance and articulatory processing also cause some differences. In summary, the EVS is regulated by adjusting fixation duration and/or by programming a regressive eye movement when the EVS gets too large. Overall, the EVS appears to be directly related to updating of the working memory buffer during reading. KW - reading KW - eye movements KW - eye-voice span KW - synchronization KW - working memory updating KW - psychologinguistics Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01432 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 6 IS - 1432 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lamanna, Francesco A1 - Kirschbaum, Frank A1 - Waurick, Isabelle A1 - Dieterich, Christoph A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph T1 - Cross-tissue and cross-species analysis of gene expression in skeletal muscle and electric organ of African weakly-electric fish (Teleostei; Mormyridae) JF - BMC Genomics N2 - Background African weakly-electric fishes of the family Mormyridae are able to produce and perceive weak electric signals (typically less than one volt in amplitude) owing to the presence of a specialized, muscle-derived electric organ (EO) in their tail region. Such electric signals, also known as Electric Organ Discharges (EODs), are used for objects/prey localization, for the identification of conspecifics, and in social and reproductive behaviour. This feature might have promoted the adaptive radiation of this family by acting as an effective pre-zygotic isolation mechanism. Despite the physiological and evolutionary importance of this trait, the investigation of the genetic basis of its function and modification has so far remained limited. In this study, we aim at: i) identifying constitutive differences in terms of gene expression between electric organ and skeletal muscle (SM) in two mormyrid species of the genus Campylomormyrus: C. compressirostris and C. tshokwe, and ii) exploring cross-specific patterns of gene expression within the two tissues among C. compressirostris, C. tshokwe, and the outgroup species Gnathonemus petersii. Results Twelve paired-end (100 bp) strand-specific RNA-seq Illumina libraries were sequenced, producing circa 330 M quality-filtered short read pairs. The obtained reads were assembled de novo into four reference transcriptomes. In silico cross-tissue DE-analysis allowed us to identify 271 shared differentially expressed genes between EO and SM in C. compressirostris and C.tshokwe. Many of these genes correspond to myogenic factors, ion channels and pumps, and genes involved in several metabolic pathways. Cross-species analysis has revealed that the electric organ transcriptome is more variable in terms of gene expression levels across species than the skeletal muscle transcriptome. Conclusions The data obtained indicate that: i) the loss of contractile activity and the decoupling of the excitation-contraction processes are reflected by the down-regulation of the corresponding genes in the electric organ’s transcriptome; ii) the metabolic activity of the EO might be specialized towards the production and turn-over of membrane structures; iii) several ion channels are highly expressed in the EO in order to increase excitability; iv) several myogenic factors might be down-regulated by transcription repressors in the EO. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-015-1858-9 SN - 1471-2164 VL - 16 IS - 668 PB - Biomed Central CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pulkkinen, Otto A1 - Metzler, Ralf T1 - Variance-corrected Michaelis-Menten equation predicts transient rates of single-enzyme reactions and response times in bacterial gene-regulation JF - Scientific reports N2 - Many chemical reactions in biological cells occur at very low concentrations of constituent molecules. Thus, transcriptional gene-regulation is often controlled by poorly expressed transcription-factors, such as E.coli lac repressor with few tens of copies. Here we study the effects of inherent concentration fluctuations of substrate-molecules on the seminal Michaelis-Menten scheme of biochemical reactions. We present a universal correction to the Michaelis-Menten equation for the reaction-rates. The relevance and validity of this correction for enzymatic reactions and intracellular gene-regulation is demonstrated. Our analytical theory and simulation results confirm that the proposed variance-corrected Michaelis-Menten equation predicts the rate of reactions with remarkable accuracy even in the presence of large non-equilibrium concentration fluctuations. The major advantage of our approach is that it involves only the mean and variance of the substrate-molecule concentration. Our theory is therefore accessible to experiments and not specific to the exact source of the concentration fluctuations. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/srep17820 SN - 2045-2322 IS - 5 PB - Nature Publishing Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Golle, Kathleen A1 - Mühlbauer, Thomas A1 - Wick, Ditmar A1 - Granacher, Urs T1 - Physical Fitness Percentiles of German Children Aged 9–12 Years BT - findings from a Longitudinal Study JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Background Generating percentile values is helpful for the identification of children with specific fitness characteristics (i.e., low or high fitness level) to set appropriate fitness goals (i.e., fitness/health promotion and/or long-term youth athlete development). Thus, the aim of this longitudinal study was to assess physical fitness development in healthy children aged 9–12 years and to compute sex- and age-specific percentile values. Methods Two-hundred and forty children (88 girls, 152 boys) participated in this study and were tested for their physical fitness. Physical fitness was assessed using the 50-m sprint test (i.e., speed), the 1-kg ball push test, the triple hop test (i.e., upper- and lower- extremity muscular power), the stand-and-reach test (i.e., flexibility), the star run test (i.e., agility), and the 9-min run test (i.e., endurance). Age- and sex-specific percentile values (i.e., P10 to P90) were generated using the Lambda, Mu, and Sigma method. Adjusted (for change in body weight, height, and baseline performance) age- and sex-differences as well as the interactions thereof were expressed by calculating effect sizes (Cohen’s d). Results Significant main effects of Age were detected for all physical fitness tests (d = 0.40–1.34), whereas significant main effects of Sex were found for upper-extremity muscular power (d = 0.55), flexibility (d = 0.81), agility (d = 0.44), and endurance (d = 0.32) only. Further, significant Sex by Age interactions were observed for upper-extremity muscular power (d = 0.36), flexibility (d = 0.61), and agility (d = 0.27) in favor of girls. Both, linear and curvilinear shaped curves were found for percentile values across the fitness tests. Accelerated (curvilinear) improvements were observed for upper-extremity muscular power (boys: 10–11 yrs; girls: 9–11 yrs), agility (boys: 9–10 yrs; girls: 9–11 yrs), and endurance (boys: 9–10 yrs; girls: 9–10 yrs). Tabulated percentiles for the 9-min run test indicated that running distances between 1,407–1,507 m, 1,479–1,597 m, 1,423–1,654 m, and 1,433–1,666 m in 9- to 12-year-old boys and 1,262–1,362 m, 1,329–1,434 m, 1,392–1,501 m, and 1,415–1,526 m in 9- to 12-year-old girls correspond to a “medium” fitness level (i.e., P40 to P60) in this population. Conclusions The observed differences in physical fitness development between boys and girls illustrate that age- and sex-specific maturational processes might have an impact on the fitness status of healthy children. Our statistical analyses revealed linear (e.g., lower-extremity muscular power) and curvilinear (e.g., agility) models of fitness improvement with age which is indicative of timed and capacity-specific fitness development pattern during childhood. Lastly, the provided age- and sex-specific percentile values can be used by coaches for talent identification and by teachers for rating/grading of children’s motor performance. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142393 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 10 IS - 11 PB - Public Library of Science CY - Lawrence, Kan. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Roder, Phillip A1 - Hille, Carsten T1 - A Multifunctional Frontloading Approach for Repeated Recycling of a Pressure-Controlled AFM Micropipette JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Fluid force microscopy combines the positional accuracy and force sensitivity of an atomic force microscope (AFM) with nanofluidics via a microchanneled cantilever. However, adequate loading and cleaning procedures for such AFM micropipettes are required for various application situations. Here, a new frontloading procedure is described for an AFM micropipette functioning as a force- and pressure-controlled microscale liquid dispenser. This frontloading procedure seems especially attractive when using target substances featuring high costs or low available amounts. Here, the AFM micropipette could be filled from the tip side with liquid from a previously applied droplet with a volume of only a few μL using a short low-pressure pulse. The liquid-loaded AFM micropipettes could be then applied for experiments in air or liquid environments. AFM micropipette frontloading was evaluated with the well-known organic fluorescent dye rhodamine 6G and the AlexaFluor647-labeled antibody goat anti-rat IgG as an example of a larger biological compound. After micropipette usage, specific cleaning procedures were tested. Furthermore, a storage method is described, at which the AFM micropipettes could be stored for a few hours up to several days without drying out or clogging of the microchannel. In summary, the rapid, versatile and cost-efficient frontloading and cleaning procedure for the repeated usage of a single AFM micropipette is beneficial for various application situations from specific surface modifications through to local manipulation of living cells, and provides a simplified and faster handling for already known experiments with fluid force microscopy. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144157 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 10 IS - 12 PB - Public Library of Science CY - Lawrence, Kan. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Warschburger, Petra A1 - Calvano, Claudia A1 - Richter, Eike M. A1 - Engbert, Ralf T1 - Analysis of Attentional Bias towards Attractive and Unattractive Body Regions among Overweight Males and Females BT - an Eye-Movement Study JF - PLoS one N2 - Background Body image distortion is highly prevalent among overweight individuals. Whilst there is evidence that body-dissatisfied women and those suffering from disordered eating show a negative attentional bias towards their own unattractive body parts and others’ attractive body parts, little is known about visual attention patterns in the area of obesity and with respect to males. Since eating disorders and obesity share common features in terms of distorted body image and body dissatisfaction, the aim of this study was to examine whether overweight men and women show a similar attentional bias. Methods/Design We analyzed eye movements in 30 overweight individuals (18 females) and 28 normalweight individuals (16 females) with respect to the participants’ own pictures as well as gender- and BMI-matched control pictures (front and back view). Additionally, we assessed body image and disordered eating using validated questionnaires. Discussion The overweight sample rated their own body as less attractive and showed a more disturbed body image. Contrary to our assumptions, they focused significantly longer on attractive compared to unattractive regions of both their own and the control body. For one’s own body, this was more pronounced for women. A higher weight status and more frequent body checking predicted attentional bias towards attractive body parts. We found that overweight adults exhibit an unexpected and stable pattern of selective attention, with a distinctive focus on their own attractive body regions despite higher levels of body dissatisfaction. This positive attentional bias may either be an indicator of a more pronounced pattern of attentional avoidance or a self-enhancing strategy. Further research is warranted to clarify these results. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140813 SN - 1932-6203 IS - 10 PB - Public Library of Science CY - Lawrence, Kan. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wischer, Ilse ED - Bergs, Alexander ED - Brinton, Laurel J. T1 - History of english historical linguistica BT - germany and the german-speaking countries JF - English Historical Linguistics. Volume 2 (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science) Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-3-11214-670-5 SP - 1325 EP - 1340 PB - de Gruyter CY - Mouton ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wischer, Ilse ED - Große, Sybille ED - Hennemann, Anja ED - Plötner, Kathleen ED - Wagner, Stefanie T1 - Grammatikalisierungsprozesse in der Geschichte des Englischen BT - Morphologisierung versus Syntaktisierung JF - Angewandet Linguistik Linguistique appliquée: Zwischen Theorien, Konzepten und der Beschreibung sprachlicher Äußerungen. Entre théories, concepts et la description des expressions linguistiques Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-3-63163-476-9 SP - 315 EP - 324 PB - Lang CY - Frankfurt am Main ER -