TY - GEN A1 - Anton, Peter A1 - Köberle, Peter A1 - Laschewsky, André T1 - Recent developments in the field of micellar polymers N2 - This article describes recent achievements in the field of micellar polymers, or polysoaps. Taking advantage of zwitterionic model polymers, systematic variations of the molecular architecture have provided an improved understanding of the relationship between the molecular structure of the polymers and their key properties such as surface activity and solubilization capacity. Useful rules are established, which take into account much of the previous data in the literature. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 090 Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17263 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Anton, Peter A1 - Laschewsky, André T1 - Zwitterionic polysoaps with reduced density of surfactant side groups N2 - Several zwitterionic polymers were prepared by radical homopolymerization of surfactant monomers which bear diallyl, diene or vinylcyclopropane moieties. These polymer systems were complemented by alternating copolymers of appropriate zwitterionic vinyl compounds. Thus, polymers with reduced (as compared with simple vinylic homopolymers, or statistical copolymers) and well defined density of surfactant side groups are obtained. The solubilities found for these polymers are dominated by polymer geometry rather than by the balance of hydrophilic and hydrophobic fragments, thus corroborating a main-chain spacer model proposed recently. All water-soluble polymers exhibit characteristic features of classical polysoaps, as shown by surface tension measurements and by solubilization of hydrophobic dyes. In contrast, the water-insoluble copolymers are capable to form stable monolayers at the air-water interface. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 091 Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17301 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Anton, Peter A1 - Laschewsky, André T1 - Solubilization by polysoaps N2 - The aqueous solubilization power of several series of micellar homopolymers and copolymers (polysoaps) is investigated. Using five insoluble or poorly water-soluble dyes, comparisons of the capacities are made with respect ot the influence of structural variables such as the polymer backbone, the polymer geometry, the comonomer content, and the charge of the hydrophilic group. Some guidelines for polysoap structures suited for efficient solubilization are established. Noteworthy is that the solubilization capacities of the polysoaps are neither linked to the ability to reduce the surface tension of water, nor to the polarity of the solubilization sites deduced from spectroscopic probes. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 083 KW - Micellar polymers KW - polysoaps KW - solubilization Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17327 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Anton, Peter A1 - Laschewsky, André T1 - Polysoaps via alternating olefin/SO2 copolymers N2 - Contents: Introduction Results and discussion - Monomers studied - Monomer properties - Polymerization, copolymer composition and general properties - Polymer properties in aqueous solution Conclusion Experimental part - Materials - Copolymerization with S02 (typical procedure) - Methods T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 088 Y1 - 1991 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17216 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Anton, Peter A1 - Laschewsky, André A1 - Ward, M. D. T1 - Solubilization control by redox-switching of polysoaps N2 - Reversible changes in the self-organization of polysoaps may be induced by controlling their charge numbers via covalently bound redox moieties. This is illustrated with two viologen polysoaps, which in response to an electrochemical stimulus, change their solubility and aggregation in water, leading from homogeneously dissolved and aggregated molecules to collapsed ones and vice verse. Using the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM), it could be shown that the reversibility of this process is better than 95% in 16 cycles. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 084 KW - Quartz Crystal KW - microbalance KW - films KW - Electrochemistry KW - viologen Y1 - 1995 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17336 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anzi, Menashe T1 - ʿAgunot and Converts to Islam BT - Jews and Muslims in Yemen from 1950 to 1962 JF - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association of Jewish Studies [22 (2016)] = Muslim-Jewish Dialogue JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien [22 (2016)] = Muslim-Jewish Dialogue N2 - Nach der Massenemigration der jemenitischen Juden nach Israel zwischen 1948 und 1950 sind ca. 2000 Juden im Jemen zurückgeblieben. Viele sind danach mit Hilfe der Jewish Agency und des JDC nach Israel eingewandert. Die wenigen Zurückgebliebenen lebten in kleinen Gemeinden, behielten jedoch ihre religiösen Bräuche bei. Deren Verteilung unter der muslimischen Bevölkerung führte jedoch zur Annäherung zwischen Juden und Muslimen. Rund zehn Prozent sind zum Islam übergetreten, teils als Einzelpersonen, teils als Gruppen. Dabei gab es etwa zwanzig Fälle von Männern, die zum Islam übertraten, deren Frauen aber nach Israel auswanderten und das Judentum beibehielten. Aufgrund des Abbruchs der ehelichen Beziehung nach islamischem Recht haben sich einige Konvertiten geweigert ihren Frauen die Scheidung zu gewähren. Dieser Beitrag geht den Bemühungen zur Befreiung der ʿAgunot nach. Es wird gezeigt, wie jüdische und muslimische Gelehrte gemeinsam nach Lösungen suchten und Brücken zwischen ihren Religionsgemeinschaften schlugen. N2 - After the mass immigration to Israel from 1948 to 1950, about 2000 Jews remained in Yemen. These Jews lived in small communities and continued to maintain their religious environment as it was. In the years that followed, many of them, however, moved from Yemen to Israel with the assistance of the Jewish Agency and the Joint Distribution Committee (JDC). The community was of a small size and the fact that it was dispersed throughout the predominantly Muslim areas, created a certain closeness between the two groups. About ten percent of the Jews chose to convert to Islam, many of them in groups. In about twenty cases, the husbands chose to convert to Islam while their wives emigrated to preserve their Judaism. Some of the converts refused to grant their wives a divorce, because, according to Muslim law, conversion is enough to sever the marital relationship. This procedure is called ʿAgunot. Meaning, women bound in marriage to a husband and they no longer lived together, but the husband didn’t formally ‘released’ her from marriage union. The article follows the efforts undertaken to release the ʿAgunot, and shows that Jewish and Muslim scholars were able to find solutions to the ʿAgunot problem and, at times, managed to bridge the gap between the two religions. Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-99658 SN - 978-3-86956-370-1 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 VL - 22 SP - 135 EP - 149 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Arajärvi, Noora T1 - The Requisite Rigour in the Identification of Customary International Law BT - A Look at the Reports of the Special Rapporteur of the International Law Commission T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - Over the last few decades, the methodology for the identification of customary international law (CIL) has been changing. Both elements of CIL – practice and opinio juris – have assumed novel and broader forms, as noted in the Reports of the Special Rapporteur of the International Law Commission (2013, 2014, 2015, 2016). This paper discusses these Reports and the draft conclusions, and reaction by States in the Sixth Committee of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), highlighting the areas of consensus and contestation. This ties to the analysis of the main doctrinal positions, with special attention being given to the two elements of CIL, and the role of the UNGA resolutions. The underlying motivation is to assess the real or perceived crisis of CIL, and the author develops the broader argument maintaining that in order to retain unity within international law, the internal limits of CIL must be carefully asserted. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 6 KW - international law KW - customary international law KW - United Nations KW - International Law Commission KW - Special Rapporteur KW - state practice KW - opinio juris Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-420742 SN - 2509-3770 SN - 2509-3762 IS - 6 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Arajärvi, Noora T1 - The Rule of Law in the 2030 Agenda T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - The rule of law is the cornerstone of the international legal system. This paper shows, through analysis of intergovernmental instruments, statements made by representatives of States, and negotiation records, that the rule of law at the United Nations has become increasingly contested in the past years. More precisely, the argument builds on the process of integrating the notion of the rule of law into the Sustainable Development Goals, adopted in September 2015 in the document Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The main sections set out the background of the rule of law debate at the UN, the elements of the rule of law at the goal- and target-levels in the 2030 Agenda – especially in the SDG 16 –, and evaluate whether the rule of law in this context may be viewed as a normative and universal foundation of international law. The paper concludes, with reflections drawn from the process leading up to the 2030 Agenda and the final outcome document that the rule of law – or at least strong and precise formulations of the concept – may be in decline in institutional and normative settings. This can be perceived as symptomatic of a broader crisis of the international legal order. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 9 KW - international law KW - rule of law KW - SDGs KW - SDG 16 KW - sustainable development goals KW - Agenda 2030 KW - United Nations KW - OWG Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-421906 SN - 2509-3770 SN - 2509-3762 IS - 9 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Archer, Clive T1 - The EU, security and the Baltic region N2 - The end of the cold war division of the Baltic Sea in 1989, and the three Baltic states’ return to independence in 1991 created new opportunities for the decision-makers of the area, as well as new possibilities for fashioning security in the region. This article will examine the security debate affecting the Baltic Sea region in the post-cold war period, and in particular, the relevance of the European Union to that debate. The following section will examine various concepts of security relevant to the Baltic region; the third section looks at the EU and the Baltic area; and the last part deals with the implications that EU membership by the Baltic Sea states may have for the security of the Baltic Sea zone. Y1 - 1999 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-11453 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ariel, Yaakov S. T1 - Ismar Schorsch: Leopold Zunz. Creativity in Adversity / [rezensiert von] Yaakov Ariel JF - PaRDES : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e. V. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417918 SP - 239 EP - 241 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ariel, Yaakov S. T1 - A New Kind of Jew BT - Allen Ginsberg and Asian Spirituality JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus & other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions JF - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association of Jewish Studies [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus & other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions N2 - The article examines Allen Ginsberg’s spiritual path, and places his interest in Asian religions within larger cultural agendas and life choices. While identifying as a Jew, Ginsberg wished to transcend beyond his parents’ orbit and actively sought to create an inclusive, tolerant, and permissive society where persons such as himself could live and create at ease. He chose elements from the Christian, Jewish, Native-American, Hindu, and Buddhist traditions, weaving them together into an ever-growing cultural and spiritual quilt. The poet never underwent a conversion experience or restricted his choices and freedoms. In Ginsberg’s understanding, Buddhism was a universal, non-theistic religion that meshed well with an individualist outlook, and worked toward personal solace and mindfulness. He and other Jews saw no contradiction between enchantment with Buddhism and their Jewish identity. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408952 SN - 978-3-86956-418-0 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 23 SP - 133 EP - 148 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Arnold, Anne T1 - Modeling photosynthesis and related metabolic processes : from detailed examination to consideration of the metabolic context T1 - Modellierung von Photosynthese und damit zusammenhängende metabolische Prozesse : von detaillierter Betrachtung hin zur Erörterung im metabolischen Kontext N2 - Mathematical modeling of biological systems is a powerful tool to systematically investigate the functions of biological processes and their relationship with the environment. To obtain accurate and biologically interpretable predictions, a modeling framework has to be devised whose assumptions best approximate the examined scenario and which copes with the trade-off of complexity of the underlying mathematical description: with attention to detail or high coverage. Correspondingly, the system can be examined in detail on a smaller scale or in a simplified manner on a larger scale. In this thesis, the role of photosynthesis and its related biochemical processes in the context of plant metabolism was dissected by employing modeling approaches ranging from kinetic to stoichiometric models. The Calvin-Benson cycle, as primary pathway of carbon fixation in C3 plants, is the initial step for producing starch and sucrose, necessary for plant growth. Based on an integrative analysis for model ranking applied on the largest compendium of (kinetic) models for the Calvin-Benson cycle, those suitable for development of metabolic engineering strategies were identified. Driven by the question why starch rather than sucrose is the predominant transitory carbon storage in higher plants, the metabolic costs for their synthesis were examined. The incorporation of the maintenance costs for the involved enzymes provided a model-based support for the preference of starch as transitory carbon storage, by only exploiting the stoichiometry of synthesis pathways. Many photosynthetic organisms have to cope with processes which compete with carbon fixation, such as photorespiration whose impact on plant metabolism is still controversial. A systematic model-oriented review provided a detailed assessment for the role of this pathway in inhibiting the rate of carbon fixation, bridging carbon and nitrogen metabolism, shaping the C1 metabolism, and influencing redox signal transduction. The demand of understanding photosynthesis in its metabolic context calls for the examination of the related processes of the primary carbon metabolism. To this end, the Arabidopsis core model was assembled via a bottom-up approach. This large-scale model can be used to simulate photoautotrophic biomass production, as an indicator for plant growth, under so-called optimal, carbon-limiting and nitrogen-limiting growth conditions. Finally, the introduced model was employed to investigate the effects of the environment, in particular, nitrogen, carbon and energy sources, on the metabolic behavior. This resulted in a purely stoichiometry-based explanation for the experimental evidence for preferred simultaneous acquisition of nitrogen in both forms, as nitrate and ammonium, for optimal growth in various plant species. The findings presented in this thesis provide new insights into plant system's behavior, further support existing opinions for which mounting experimental evidences arise, and posit novel hypotheses for further directed large-scale experiments. N2 - Mathematische Modellierung biologischer Systeme eröffnet die Möglichkeit systematisch die Funktionsweise biologischer Prozesse und ihrer Wechselwirkungen mit der Umgebung zu untersuchen. Um präzise und biologisch relevante Vorhersagen treffen zu können, muss eine Modellierungsstrategie konzipiert werden, deren Annahmen das untersuchte Szenario bestmöglichst widerspiegelt und die dem Trade-off der Komplexität der zugrunde liegenden mathematischen Beschreibung gerecht wird: Detailtreue gegenüber Größe. Dementsprechend kann das System detailliert, in kleinerem Umfang oder in vereinfachter Darstellung im größeren Maßstab untersucht werden. In dieser Arbeit wird mittels verschiedener Modellierungsansätze, wie kinetischen und stöchiometrischen Modellen, die Rolle der Photosynthese und damit zusammenhängender biochemischer Prozesse im Rahmen des Pflanzenstoffwechsels analysiert. Der Calvin-Benson-Zyklus, als primärer Stoffwechselweg der Kohlenstofffixierung in C3-Pflanzen, ist der erste Schritt der Stärke- und Saccharoseproduktion, welche maßgeblich für das Wachstum von Pflanzen sind. Basierend auf einer integrativen Analyse zur Modellklassifizierung wurden aus der größten bekannten Sammlung von (kinetischen) Modellen des Calvin-Benson-Zyklus diejenigen ermittelt, die für die Entwicklung von Metabolic-Engineering-Strategien geeignet sind. Angeregt von der Fragestellung warum Kohlenstoff transitorisch vorwiegend in Form von Stärke anstatt Saccharose gespeichert wird, wurden die metabolischen Kosten beider Syntheseprozesse genauer betrachtet. Die Einbeziehung der Bereitstellungskosten der beteiligten Enzyme stützt die Tatsache, dass bevorzugt Stärke als temporärer Kohlenstoffspeicher dient. Die entprechende Untersuchung erfolgte einzig auf Grundlage der Stöchiometrie der Synthesewege. In vielen photosynthetisch-aktiven Organismen findet zudem Photorespiration statt, die der Kohlenstofffixierung entgegenwirkt. Die genaue Bedeutung der Photorespiration für den Pflanzenmetabolismus ist noch umstritten. Eine detaillierte Einschätzung der Rolle dieses Stoffwechselweges bezüglich der Inhibierung der Kohlenstofffixierungsrate, der Verknüpfung von Kohlenstoff- und Stickstoffmetabolismus, der Ausprägung des C1-Stoffwechsels sowie die Einflussnahme auf die Signaltransduktion wurde in einer modell-basierten, kritischen Analyse vorgenommen. Um die Photosynthese in ihrem metabolischen Kontext verstehen zu können, ist die Betrachtung der angrenzenden Prozesse des primären Kohlenstoffmetabolismus unverzichtbar. Hierzu wurde in einem Bottom-up Ansatz das Arabidopsis core Modell entworfen, mittels dessen die Biomasseproduktion, als Indikator für Pflanzenwachtum, unter photoautotrophen Bedingungen simuliert werden kann. Neben sogenannten optimalen Wachstumsbedingungen kann dieses großangelegte Modell auch kohlenstoff- und stickstofflimitierende Umweltbedingungen simulieren. Abschließend wurde das vorgestellte Modell zur Untersuchung von Umwelteinflüssen auf das Stoffwechselverhalten herangezogen, im speziellen verschiedene Stickstoff-, Kohlenstoff- und Energiequellen. Diese auschließlich auf der Stöchiometrie basierende Analyse bietet eine Erklärung für die bevorzugte, gleichzeitige Aufnahme von Nitrat und Ammonium, wie sie in verschiedenen Spezies für optimales Wachstum experimentell beobachtet wurde. Die Resultate dieser Arbeit liefern neue Einsichten in das Verhalten von pflanzlichen Systemen, stützen existierende Ansichten, für die zunehmend experimentelle Hinweise vorhanden sind, und postulieren neue Hypothesen für weiterführende großangelegte Experimente. KW - stöchiometrische Modellierung KW - kinetische Modellierung KW - metabolische Netzwerke KW - metabolische Kosten KW - Photosynthese KW - stoichiometric modeling KW - kinetic modeling KW - metabolic networks KW - metabolic costs KW - photosynthesis Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-72277 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arnold, Holger T1 - A linearized DPLL calculus with learning N2 - This paper describes the proof calculus LD for clausal propositional logic, which is a linearized form of the well-known DPLL calculus extended by clause learning. It is motivated by the demand to model how current SAT solvers built on clause learning are working, while abstracting from decision heuristics and implementation details. The calculus is proved sound and terminating. Further, it is shown that both the original DPLL calculus and the conflict-directed backtracking calculus with clause learning, as it is implemented in many current SAT solvers, are complete and proof-confluent instances of the LD calculus. N2 - Dieser Artikel beschreibt den Beweiskalkül LD für aussagenlogische Formeln in Klauselform. Dieser Kalkül ist eine um Klausellernen erweiterte linearisierte Variante des bekannten DPLL-Kalküls. Er soll dazu dienen, das Verhalten von auf Klausellernen basierenden SAT-Beweisern zu modellieren, wobei von Entscheidungsheuristiken und Implementierungsdetails abstrahiert werden soll. Es werden Korrektheit und Terminierung des Kalküls bewiesen. Weiterhin wird gezeigt, dass sowohl der ursprüngliche DPLL-Kalkül als auch der konfliktgesteuerte Rücksetzalgorithmus mit Klausellernen, wie er in vielen aktuellen SAT-Beweisern implementiert ist, vollständige und beweiskonfluente Spezialisierungen des LD-Kalküls sind. KW - SAT KW - DPLL KW - Klausellernen KW - Automatisches Beweisen KW - SAT KW - DPLL KW - Clause Learning KW - Automated Theorem Proving Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-15421 ER - TY - INPR A1 - Arnold, Holger T1 - A linearized DPLL calculus with clause learning (2nd, revised version) N2 - Many formal descriptions of DPLL-based SAT algorithms either do not include all essential proof techniques applied by modern SAT solvers or are bound to particular heuristics or data structures. This makes it difficult to analyze proof-theoretic properties or the search complexity of these algorithms. In this paper we try to improve this situation by developing a nondeterministic proof calculus that models the functioning of SAT algorithms based on the DPLL calculus with clause learning. This calculus is independent of implementation details yet precise enough to enable a formal analysis of realistic DPLL-based SAT algorithms. N2 - Viele formale Beschreibungen DPLL-basierter SAT-Algorithmen enthalten entweder nicht alle wesentlichen Beweistechniken, die in modernen SAT-Solvern implementiert sind, oder sind an bestimmte Heuristiken oder Datenstrukturen gebunden. Dies erschwert die Analyse beweistheoretischer Eigenschaften oder der Suchkomplexität derartiger Algorithmen. Mit diesem Artikel versuchen wir, diese Situation durch die Entwicklung eines nichtdeterministischen Beweiskalküls zu verbessern, der die Arbeitsweise von auf dem DPLL-Kalkül basierenden SAT-Algorithmen mit Klausellernen modelliert. Dieser Kalkül ist unabhängig von Implementierungsdetails, aber dennoch präzise genug, um eine formale Analyse realistischer DPLL-basierter SAT-Algorithmen zu ermöglichen. KW - Automatisches Beweisen KW - Logikkalkül KW - SAT KW - DPLL KW - Klausellernen KW - automated theorem proving KW - logical calculus KW - SAT KW - DPLL KW - clause learning Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-29080 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arnold, Rafael D. T1 - Leshonot yehude Sefarad ve-ha-mizrach vesifruyotehem / Languages and literatures of Sephardic and Oriental Jews / [rezensiert von] Rafael Arnold N2 - rezensiertes Werk: Leshonot yehude Sefarad ve-ha-mizrach vesifruyotehem / Languages and literatures of Sephardic and Oriental Jews. - Jerusalem : Misgav Yerushalayim, 2009. - 484 S. [hebr.] + 434 S. [lat.], ; Ill. Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-43777 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 16 SP - 240 EP - 244 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arthur, S. J. T1 - Wolf-Rayet nebulae and the wind-interstellar medium interaction JF - Wolf-Rayet Stars : Proceedings of an International Workshop held in Potsdam, Germany, 1.–5. June 2015 N2 - I review our current understanding of the interaction between a Wolf-Rayet star's fast wind and the surrounding medium, and discuss to what extent the predictions of numerical simulations coincide with multiwavelength observations of Wolf-Rayet nebulae. Through a series of examples, I illustrate how changing the input physics affects the results of the numerical simulations. Finally, I discuss how numerical simulations together with multiwavelength observations of these objects allow us to unpick the previous mass-loss history of massive stars. Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-88267 SP - 315 EP - 320 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Artstein, Ron A1 - Poesio, Massimo T1 - Identifying reference to abstract objects in dialogue N2 - In two experiments, many annotators marked antecedents for discourse deixis as unconstrained regions of text. The experiments show that annotators do converge on the identity of these text regions, though much of what they do can be captured by a simple model. Demonstrative pronouns are more likely than definite descriptions to be marked with discourse antecedents. We suggest that our methodology is suitable for the systematic study of discourse deixis. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10357 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arús, Eugènia T1 - Education through music ‒ Another way of teaching BT - Dalcroze 100 years later JF - Potsdamer Schriftenreihe zur Musikpädagogik Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-399287 SN - 978-3-86956-378-7 SN - 2196-5080 SN - 1861-8529 IS - 4 SP - 139 EP - 153 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ascher, Uri M. A1 - Chin, Hongsheng A1 - Petzold, Linda R. A1 - Reich, Sebastian T1 - Stabilization of constrained mechanical systems with DAEs and invariant manifolds N2 - Many methods have been proposed for the simulation of constrained mechanical systems. The most obvious of these have mild instabilities and drift problems. Consequently, stabilization techniques have been proposed A popular stabilization method is Baumgarte's technique, but the choice of parameters to make it robust has been unclear in practice. Some of the simulation methods that have been proposed and used in computations are reviewed here, from a stability point of view. This involves concepts of differential-algebraic equation (DAE) and ordinary differential equation (ODE) invariants. An explanation of the difficulties that may be encountered using Baumgarte's method is given, and a discussion of why a further quest for better parameter values for this method will always remain frustrating is presented. It is then shown how Baumgarte's method can be improved. An efficient stabilization technique is proposed, which may employ explicit ODE solvers in case of nonstiff or highly oscillatory problems and which relates to coordinate projection methods. Examples of a two-link planar robotic arm and a squeezing mechanism illustrate the effectiveness of this new stabilization method. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 033 Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-15698 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ascher, Uri M. A1 - Chin, Hongsheng A1 - Reich, Sebastian T1 - Stabilization of DAEs and invariant manifolds N2 - Many methods have been proposed for the stabilization of higher index differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). Such methods often involve constraint differentiation and problem stabilization, thus obtaining a stabilized index reduction. A popular method is Baumgarte stabilization, but the choice of parameters to make it robust is unclear in practice. Here we explain why the Baumgarte method may run into trouble. We then show how to improve it. We further develop a unifying theory for stabilization methods which includes many of the various techniques proposed in the literature. Our approach is to (i) consider stabilization of ODEs with invariants, (ii) discretize the stabilizing term in a simple way, generally different from the ODE discretization, and (iii) use orthogonal projections whenever possible. The best methods thus obtained are related to methods of coordinate projection. We discuss them and make concrete algorithmic suggestions. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 030 Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-15625 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Asher, Nicholas A1 - Reese, Brian T1 - Intonation and discourse BT - biased questions N2 - This paper surveys a range of constructions in which prosody affects discourse function and discourse structure.We discuss English tag questions, negative polar questions, and what we call “focus” questions. We postulate that these question types are complex speech acts and outline an analysis in Segmented Discourse Representation Theory (SDRT) to account for the interactions between prosody and discourse. KW - Bias KW - Intonation KW - Prosody KW - Complex Speech Acts KW - Negative KW - Polar Questions KW - Tag Questions KW - SDRT Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-19399 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Avalli, Andrea ED - Ambühl, Annemarie ED - Carlà-Uhink, Filippo ED - Rollinger, Christian ED - Walde, Christine T1 - Review of Dario Barbera: Processo al Classico. L’epurazione dell’archeologia fascista BT - ETS (Pisa 2022) (= Studi di archeologia e storia del mondo antico e medievale), 264 pp. ISBN: 9788846762191, € 25 JF - thersites 16 Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.34679/thersites.vol16.233 SN - 2364-7612 VL - 2023 IS - 16 SP - 168 EP - 172 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Azar, Elif Zeynep A1 - Erdönmez, Çağlayan A1 - Verscheijden, Desirée T1 - Developing Critical Thinking JF - Potsdamer geographische Praxis N2 - 1. Critical thinking in curriculum framework 2. A general look at critical thinking 3. How critical thinking take s place in the classroom and some specific examples 4. Suggestions 5. Conclusion KW - Europäische Werteerziehung KW - Familie KW - Lehrevaluation KW - Studierendenaustausch KW - Unterrichtseinheiten KW - Curriculum Framework KW - European values education KW - Family KW - lesson evaluation KW - student exchange KW - teaching units KW - curriculum framework Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65867 SN - 2194-1599 SN - 2194-1602 IS - 1 SP - 87 EP - 92 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Baade, Björnstjern T1 - Fake News and International Law T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - In light of current efforts at addressing the dangers of fake news, this article will revisit the international law relevant to the phenomenon, in particular the prohibition of intervention, the 1936 International Convention on the Use of Broadcasting in the Cause of Peace, and the 1953 Convention on the International Right of Correction. It will be argued that important lessons can be learned from the League of Nations’ (LON) efforts in the interwar period and the UN’s activities in the immediate post-WWII era, while taking into account the new challenges that arise from modern communication technology. Taking up the LON’s and UN’s distinction between false and distorted news, the international legal framework will be tested, in particular, against the coverage of the 2016 ‘Lisa case’ by Russian Government-funded media. This coverage is widely considered to be fake news aimed at destabilizing Germany’s society and institutions. The article argues that false news can be subject to repressive regulation in a sensible manner. Distorted news, however, will have to be tolerated legally, since prohibitions in this regard would be too prone to abuse. A free and pluralist media, complemented by an appropriate governmental information policy, remains the best answer to fake news in all its forms. Due diligence obligations to fact-check, transparency, and remedies that are effective despite difficulties in attribution, and despite a lack of universal acceptance, could likewise be conducive. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 18 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-422383 SN - 2509-3770 SN - 2509-3762 IS - 18 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baars, Daniela A1 - Bajzík, Michal A1 - Pisarčík, Stanislav A1 - Weiser, Ines T1 - Developing critical thinking JF - Potsdamer geographische Praxis N2 - 1. What does critical thinking mean? 2. Critical thinking in school 3. Critical thinking as a process 4. Analysing and evaluating the questionnaire 5. Interview with one of the students 6. Analysis and evaluation of the assignments 7. Conclusion KW - Europäische Werteerziehung KW - Familie KW - Lehrevaluation KW - Studierendenaustausch KW - Unterrichtseinheiten KW - Curriculum Framework KW - European values education KW - Family KW - lesson evaluation KW - student exchange KW - teaching units KW - curriculum framework Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65798 SN - 2194-1599 SN - 2194-1602 IS - 1 SP - 45 EP - 51 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baars, Daniela A1 - Dal, Adem A1 - Şimşek, Esra T1 - Relating to students JF - Potsdamer geographische Praxis N2 - 1. What does relating to students mean? 2. Student teachers’ perceptions of relating the topic to the pupils 3. Conceptions of the pupils 4. Pupils’ perspective 5. Expectations of the pupils 6. Pupils’ evaluation of the strategies 7. Problems and suggestions 8. Conclusion / Summary KW - Europäische Werteerziehung KW - Familie KW - Lehrevaluation KW - Studierendenaustausch KW - Unterrichtseinheiten KW - Curriculum Framework KW - European values education KW - Family KW - lesson evaluation KW - student exchange KW - teaching units KW - curriculum framework Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65935 SN - 2194-1599 SN - 2194-1602 IS - 3 SP - 37 EP - 43 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baayen, Harald R. T1 - Resource requirements for neo-generative modeling in (psycho)linguistics JF - Potsdam cognitive science series Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-62318 SN - 2190-4545 SN - 2190-4553 IS - 3 SP - 5 EP - 8 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacskai-Atkari, Julia T1 - Towards a Fanselownian analysis of degree expressions JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432222 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 95 EP - 106 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Baganz, Melissa A1 - de Teresa, Aurelia Gómez A1 - Lingg, Rosana T. A1 - Montijo, Yuriditzi Pascacio T1 - A critical assessment on National Action Plans BT - Challenges and benefits for the promotion and protection of Human Rights T2 - Staat, Recht und Politik – Forschungs- und Diskussionspapiere T2 - State, Law, and Politics - Research and Discussion Papers N2 - National Action Plans (NAPs) have been increas-ingly adopted world-wide after the Vienna Dec-laration in 1993, where it was urged to consider the improvement and promotion of Human Rights. In this paper, we discuss their usefulness and success by analysing the challenges present-ed during NAP processes as well as the benefits this set of actions entails: The challenges for their implementation outweigh its actual benefits. Nevertheless, NAPs have great potential. Based on new research, we elaborate a set of recom-mendations for improving the design and imple-mentation of national action planning. In order to effectively bring NAP into practice, we consider it crucial to plan and analyse every state local circumstances in detail. The latter is important, since the implementation of a concrete set of actions is intended to directly transform and improve the local living conditions of the people. In a long-term perspective, we defend the benefit of NAP’s implementation for complying obliga-tions set up by HR treaties. N2 - Nationale Aktionspläne (NAP) werden seit der Wiener Erklärung von 1993, in der die Verbesse-rung und Förderung der Menschenrechte gefor-dert wird, weltweit zunehmend angenommen. In diesem Papier diskutieren wir ihren Nutzen und Erfolg, indem wir die Herausforderungen, die sich während der NAP-Prozesse ergeben, sowie die Vorteile, die dieses Maßnahmenpaket mit sich bringt, analysieren: Die Herausforderungen bei ihrer Umsetzung überwiegen die tatsächlichen Vorteile. Dennoch haben NAPs ein großes Poten-zial. Beruhend auf neueren Forschungen erarbei-ten wir eine Reihe von Empfehlungen zur Ver-besserung der Gestaltung und Umsetzung der nationalen Aktionsplanung. Um einen NAP effek-tiv in die Praxis umzusetzen, halten wir es für entscheidend, die lokalen Gegebenheiten jedes Staates im Detail zu planen und zu analysieren. Letzteres ist wichtig, da die Umsetzung eines konkreten Maßnahmenpakets die Lebensbedin-gungen der Menschen vor Ort direkt verändern und verbessern soll. Langfristig gesehen vertei-digen wir den Nutzen der Umsetzung des NAP für die Einhaltung der in den Menschenrechts-verträgen festgelegten Verpflichtungen. T3 - Staat, Recht und Politik – Forschungs- und Diskussionspapiere = State, Law, and Politics - Research and Discussion Papers - 13 Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-576797 SN - 2509-6974 IS - 13 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Baltes, Paul B. A1 - Dittmann-Kohli, Freya A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - Reserve capacity of the elderly in aging-sensitive tests of fluid intelligence : replication and extension N2 - Fluid intelligence belongs to that cluster of intellectual abilities evincing aging loss. To examine further the range of intellectual reserve available to aging individuals and the question of replicability in a new cultural and laboratory setting, 204 healthy older adults (mean age = 72 years; range = 60-86) participated in a short-term longitudinal training study. For experimental subjects, 10 sessions consisted of cognitive training involving two subability tests (Figural Relations, Induction) of fluid intelligence. The pattern of outcomes replicates and expands on earlier studies. Older adults have the reserve to evince substantial increases in levels of performance in fluid intelligence tests. Transfer of training, however, is narrow in scope. Training also increases accuracy of performance and the ability to solve more difficult test items. Difficulty level was estimated in a separate study, with a comparable sample of N = 112 elderly adults. Future research is suggested to examine whether intellectual reserve extends to near-maximum levels of performance. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 143 Y1 - 1986 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-39939 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Baltes, Paul B. A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - Further testing of limits of cognitive plasticity : negative age differences in a mnemonic skill are robust N2 - Earlier testing-the-limits research on age differences in cognitive plasticity of a memory skill was extended by 18 additional assessment and training sessions to explore whether older adults were able to catch up with additional practice and improved training conditions. The focus was on the method of loci, which requires mental imagination to encode and retrieve lists of words from memory in serial order. Of the original 37 subjects, 35 (16 young, ranging from 20 to 30 years of age, and 19 older adults, ranging from 66 to 80 years of age) participated in the follow-up study. Older adults showed sizable performance deficits when compared with young adults and tested for limits of reserve capacity. The negative age difference was substantial, resistant to extensive practice, and applied to all subjects studied. The primary origin for this negative age difference may be a loss in the production and use of mental imagination for operations of the mind. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 159 Y1 - 1992 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-40373 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Baltes, Paul B. A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - On the dynamics between growth and decline in the aging of intelligence and memory N2 - Content: - Different Intellectual Abilities Age Differently - Cultural Change and Interindividual Variability in Aging - Cognitive Intervention Research on Plasticity in Old Age * Psychological Evidence * Brain-Physiological Evidence - Age Differences and Testing-the-Limits - Conclusions - Summary T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 171 Y1 - 1986 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41116 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Baltes, Paul B. A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Dittmann-Kohli, Freya T1 - On the locus of training gains in research on the plasticity of fluid intelligence in old age N2 - Cognitive training research has shown that many older adults have a substantial reserve capacity in fluid intelligence. Little is known, however, about the locus of plasticity. Two studies were conducted to examine whether training gains in fluid abilities are critically dependent on experimenter-guided training and/or whether older adults can achieve similar improvements by themselves on the basis of cognitive skills already available in their repertoire. Several comparisons were made: (a) between test performances after trainer-guided training in ability-specific cognitive skills and after self-guided retest practice (without feedback), (b) between performances under speeded and power conditions of assessment, (c) between performances on easy and difficult items, and (d) between the relative numbers of correct and wrong answers. Results suggest that a large share of the training improvement shown by the elderly can plausibly be explained as the result of the activation and practice of cognitive skills already available in their repertoire. The results also have implications for educational practice, pointing to the appropriateness of strategies of self-directed learning for many elderly adults. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 151 Y1 - 1988 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-40288 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Baltes, Paul B. A1 - Sowarka, Doris A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - Cognitive training research on fluid intelligence in old age : what can older adults achieve by themselves? N2 - Cognitive research on the plasticity of fluid intelligence has demonstrated that older adults benefit markedly from guided practice in cognitive skills and problem-solving strategies. We examined to what degree older adults are capable by themselves of achieving similar practice gains, focusing on the fluid ability of figural relations. A sample of 72 healthy older adults was assigned randomly to three conditions: control, tutor-guided training, self-guided training. Training time and training materials were held constant for the two training conditions. Posttraining performances were analyzed using a transfer of training paradigm in terms of three indicators: correct responses, accuracy, and level of item difficulty. The training programs were effective and produced a significant but narrow band of within-ability transfer. However, there was no difference between the two training groups. Older adults were shown to be capable of producing gains by themselves that were comparable to those obtained following tutor-guided training in the nature of test-relevant cognitive skills. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 152 Y1 - 1989 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-40297 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bamberg, Marlene T1 - Planetary mapping tools applied to floor-fractured craters on Mars T1 - Planetare Analysewerkzeuge am Anwendungsgebiet von Kratern mit zerbrochenen Boeden auf dem Mars N2 - Planetary research is often user-based and requires considerable skill, time, and effort. Unfortunately, self-defined boundary conditions, definitions, and rules are often not documented or not easy to comprehend due to the complexity of research. This makes a comparison to other studies, or an extension of the already existing research, complicated. Comparisons are often distorted, because results rely on different, not well defined, or even unknown boundary conditions. The purpose of this research is to develop a standardized analysis method for planetary surfaces, which is adaptable to several research topics. The method provides a consistent quality of results. This also includes achieving reliable and comparable results and reducing the time and effort of conducting such studies. A standardized analysis method is provided by automated analysis tools that focus on statistical parameters. Specific key parameters and boundary conditions are defined for the tool application. The analysis relies on a database in which all key parameters are stored. These databases can be easily updated and adapted to various research questions. This increases the flexibility, reproducibility, and comparability of the research. However, the quality of the database and reliability of definitions directly influence the results. To ensure a high quality of results, the rules and definitions need to be well defined and based on previously conducted case studies. The tools then produce parameters, which are obtained by defined geostatistical techniques (measurements, calculations, classifications). The idea of an automated statistical analysis is tested to proof benefits but also potential problems of this method. In this study, I adapt automated tools for floor-fractured craters (FFCs) on Mars. These impact craters show a variety of surface features, occurring in different Martian environments, and having different fracturing origins. They provide a complex morphological and geological field of application. 433 FFCs are classified by the analysis tools due to their fracturing process. Spatial data, environmental context, and crater interior data are analyzed to distinguish between the processes involved in floor fracturing. Related geologic processes, such as glacial and fluvial activity, are too similar to be separately classified by the automated tools. Glacial and fluvial fracturing processes are merged together for the classification. The automated tools provide probability values for each origin model. To guarantee the quality and reliability of the results, classification tools need to achieve an origin probability above 50 %. This analysis method shows that 15 % of the FFCs are fractured by intrusive volcanism, 20 % by tectonic activity, and 43 % by water & ice related processes. In total, 75 % of the FFCs are classified to an origin type. This can be explained by a combination of origin models, superposition or erosion of key parameters, or an unknown fracturing model. Those features have to be manually analyzed in detail. Another possibility would be the improvement of key parameters and rules for the classification. This research shows that it is possible to conduct an automated statistical analysis of morphologic and geologic features based on analysis tools. Analysis tools provide additional information to the user and are therefore considered assistance systems. N2 - Planetenforschung umfasst oft zeitintensive Projekte, bei denen Expertise und Erfahrung eine wesentliche Rolle spielen. Auf Grund äusserst komplexer und sich selten wiederholender Forschungsfragen sind Annahmen, Definitionen und Regeln zur Lösung dieser Fragen nicht leicht nachvollziehbar oder aber nicht eindeutig dokumentiert. Ein Vergleich der Ergebnisse unterschiedlicher Forscher zum selben Thema oder eine Erweiterung der Forschungsfrage macht dies somit nur schwer möglich. Vergleiche liefern oftmals verzerrte Ergebnisse, da die Ausgangslage und Randbedingungen unterschiedlich definiert worden sind. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es eine Standardmethode zur Oberflächenanalyse zu entwickeln, die auf zahlreiche Untersuchungsfragen angewandt werden kann. Eine gleichbleibende Qualität der Ergebnisse muss durch diese Methode gewährleistet sein. Ein weiteres Ziel ist es, dass diese Methode ohne Vorwissen und Expertise angewandt werden kann und die Ergebnisse in kurzer Zeit vorliegen. Ausserdem müssen die Ergebnisse vergleichbar und nachvollziehbar sein. Automatisch operierende Analysewerkzeuge können die zahlreichen Anforderungen erfüllen und als Standardmethode dienen. Statistische Ergebnisse werden durch diese Methode erzielt. Die Werkzeuge basieren auf vordefinierten, geowissenschaftlichen Techniken und umfassen Messungen, Berechnungen und Klassifikationen der zu untersuchenden Oberflächenstrukturen. Für die Anwendung dieser Werkzeuge müssen Schlüsselstrukturen und Randbedingungen definiert werden. Des Weiteren benötigen die Werkzeuge eine Datenbank, in der alle Oberflächenstrukturen, aber auch Informationen zu den Randbedingungen gespeichert sind. Es ist mit geringem Aufwand möglich, Datenbanken zu aktualisieren und sie auf verschiedenste Fragestellungen zu adaptieren. Diese Tatsache steigert die Flexibilität, Reproduzierbarkeit und auch Vergleichbarkeit der Untersuchung. Die vordefinierten Randbedingungen und die Qualität der Datenbank haben jedoch auch direkten Einfluss auf die Qualität der Ergebnisse. Um eine gleichbleibend hohe Qualität der Untersuchung zu gewährleisten muss sichergestellt werden, dass alle vordefinierten Bedingungen eindeutig sind und auf vorheriger Forschung basieren. Die automatisch operierenden Analysewerkzeuge müssen als mögliche Standardmethode getestet werden. Hierbei geht es darum Vorteile, aber auch Nachteile zu identifizieren und zu bewerten. In dieser Arbeit werden die Analysewerkzeuge auf einen bestimmten Einschlagskratertyp auf dem Mars angewandt. Krater mit zerbrochenen Kraterböden (Floor-Fractured Craters) sind in verschiedensten Regionen auf dem Mars zu finden, sie zeigen zahlreiche Oberflächenstrukturen und wurden durch unterschiedliche Prozesse geformt. All diese Fakten machen diesen Kratertyp zu einem interessanten und im geologischen und morphologischen Sinne sehr komplexen Anwendungsgebiet. 433 Krater sind durch die Werkzeuge analysiert und je nach Entstehungsprozess klassifiziert worden. Für diese Analyse sind Position der Krater, Art des Umfeldes und Strukturen im Kraterinneren ausschlaggebend. Die kombinierten Informationen geben somit Auskunft über die Prozesse, welche zum Zerbrechen des Kraterbodens geführt haben. Die entwickelten Analysewerkzeuge können geologische Prozesse, die sehr ähnlich zueinander sind, von einander abhängig sind und zusätzlich auch dieselben Oberflächenstrukturen formen, nicht eindeutig unterscheiden. Aus diesem Grund sind fluviale und glaziale Entstehungsprozesse für den untersuchten Kratertyp zusammengefasst. Die Analysewerkzeuge liefern Wahrscheinlichkeitswerte für drei mögliche Entstehungsarten. Um die Qualität der Ergebnisse zu verbessern muss eine Wahrscheinlichkeit über 50 % erreicht werden. Die Werkzeuge zeigen, dass 15 % der Krater durch Vulkanismus, 20 % durch Tektonik und 43 % durch Wasser- und Eis-bedingte Prozesse gebildet wurden. Insgesamt kann für 75 % des untersuchten Kratertyps ein potentieller Entstehungsprozess zugeordnet werden. Für 25 % der Krater ist eine Klassifizierung nicht möglich. Dies kann durch eine Kombination von geologischen Prozessen, einer Überprägung von wichtigen Schlüsselstrukturen, oder eines bisher nicht berücksichtigten Prozesses erklärt werden. Zusammenfassend ist zu sagen, dass es möglich ist planetare Oberflächenstrukturen quantitativ durch automatisch operierende Analysewerkzeuge zu erfassen und hinsichtlich einer definierten Fragestellung zu klassifizieren. Zusätzliche Informationen können durch die entwickelten Werkzeuge erhalten werden, daher sind sie als Assistenzsystem zu betrachten. KW - Datenbank KW - Automatisierung KW - Klassifizierung KW - geologische Prozesse KW - Geomorphologie KW - database KW - automation KW - classification KW - geological processes KW - geomorphology Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-72104 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Banda, Gourinath A1 - Gallagher, John P. T1 - Constraint-based abstraction of a model checker for infinite state systems N2 - Abstract interpretation-based model checking provides an approach to verifying properties of infinite-state systems. In practice, most previous work on abstract model checking is either restricted to verifying universal properties, or develops special techniques for temporal logics such as modal transition systems or other dual transition systems. By contrast we apply completely standard techniques for constructing abstract interpretations to the abstraction of a CTL semantic function, without restricting the kind of properties that can be verified. Furthermore we show that this leads directly to implementation of abstract model checking algorithms for abstract domains based on constraints, making use of an SMT solver. Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41516 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baraldi, Luca T1 - Immobile Tremor BT - The Immobility of the Ghetto and the Human Vitality JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e.V. N2 - The threshold between the XVth and the XVIth Century represents a historical period during which, both for Christians and for Jews, the geopolitical sceneries and the interior horizons radically change. The modified reality provokes new forms of expectation and the need of new historical interpretations. Ferrara, within this scenery, can be considered, as other Italian cases, as a paradigmatic example, a narrow space where phenomena of spiritual and cultural Jewish rebirth can take shape. The permeability between Christian artistic and cultural world and Jewish intellectual production determines a prosperous context, further strengthened by the introduction of Jewish typography and by a growing claim and restoration of social elective dignity among the Jews of the Este Duchy. After the transfer of the capital city from Ferrara to Modena, the indirect effects of this intellectual resurgence are deeply transformed on a social level, and allows us to catch the persistence of important forms of communication between Christians and Jews in everyday life. The introduction of the Inquisition provides us, through the production of the judicial archive, with the most important instrument to understand social dynamics, which allows us to comprehend a new potential interpretation key for the reality of the ghetto and the choice of its erection. The urban division is nothing else but a new attempt to separate the invisible spaces of the thought. The effective efficacy of the physical separation shows several weak points, which persist during the entire life of the ghetto, since 1638 until 1789. N2 - Die Schwelle zwischen dem 15. und 16. Jahrhundert stellt eine historische Periode dar, in der sich die geopolitische Landschaft und das innere Blickfeld sowohl für Christen als auch für Juden radikal änderten. Die veränderten Gegebenheiten lösten andere Erwartungen und das Bedürfnis nach neuen historischen Interpretationen aus. In diesem Kontext kann Ferrara, wie auch andere italienische Städte, als ein paradigmatisches Beispiel angesehen werden, als ein begrenzter Raum, in dem das spirituelle und kulturelle Wiederaufleben innerhalb der jüdischen Gesellschaft Gestalt annehmen konnte. Die Durchlässigkeit zwischen der künstlerischen und kulturellen christlichen Welt und jüdisch-intellektuellen Erzeugnissen bedingte ein gedeihendes Umfeld, das zudem durch die Einführung einer jüdischen Typographie und durch wachsende Ansprüche der Juden im Herzogtum der Este bestärkt wurde. Die indirekten Einflüsse auf dieses intellektuelle Wiederaufleben wirkten sich nach der Verlegung der Hauptstadt von Ferrara nach Modena tiefgreifend auf einer sozialen Ebene aus. Sie erlauben uns, das Fortdauern wichtiger Kommunikationsmuster zwischen Christen und Juden im Alltag zu erfassen. Das Einsetzen der Inquisition bietet uns mittels juristischer Archive die wichtigsten Instrumente, um soziale Dynamiken zu verstehen. Diese erlauben uns, neue denkbare Interpretationen als Schlüssel für die Gegebenheiten im Ghetto und für die Gründe seiner Errichtung in Betracht zu ziehen. Die städtische Trennungslinie ist nichts anderes als ein weiterer Versuch, die unsichtbaren Räume der Gedankenwelten voneinander abzugrenzen. Die nachhaltige Wirksamkeit der räumlichen Trennung weist einige Schwachpunkte auf, die während der gesamten Existenzphase des Ghettos von 1638 bis 1789 bestehen blieben. Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-53255 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 17 SP - 71 EP - 95 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Barbaiani, Mădălina A1 - Cancedda, Nicola A1 - Dance, Chris A1 - Fazekas, Szilárd A1 - Gaál, Tamás A1 - Gaussier, Éric T1 - Asymmetric term alignment with selective contiguity constraints by multi-tape automata N2 - This article describes a HMM-based word-alignment method that can selectively enforce a contiguity constraint. This method has a direct application in the extraction of a bilingual terminological lexicon from a parallel corpus, but can also be used as a preliminary step for the extraction of phrase pairs in a Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation system. Contiguous source words composing terms are aligned to contiguous target language words. The HMM is transformed into a Weighted Finite State Transducer (WFST) and contiguity constraints are enforced by specific multi-tape WFSTs. The proposed method is especially suited when basic linguistic resources (morphological analyzer, part-of-speech taggers and term extractors) are available for the source language only. Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-27115 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Barkholdt, Janina A1 - Kulaga, Julian T1 - Analytical Presentation of the Comments and Observations by States on Draft Article 7, Paragraph 1, of the ILC Draft Articles on Immunity of State Officials From Foreign Criminal Jurisdiction, United Nations General Assembly, Sixth Committee, 2017 T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - During its sessions in 2016 and 2017 the UN International Law Commission (ILC) debated the question whether the immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction is subject to exceptions for international crimes and provisionally adopted a Draft Article 7 on immunity ratione materiae. The following analytical presentation classifies and documents the reactions of States to draft article 7, paragraph 1, as they have been expressed in the Sixth (Legal) Committee of the General Assembly in 2017. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 14 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-422128 SN - 2509-3770 SN - 2509-3762 IS - 14 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Barnes, Jan A1 - Kennewell, Steve T1 - Teacher Perceptions of Key Competencies in ICT JF - KEYCIT 2014 - Key Competencies in Informatics and ICT N2 - Regardless of what is intended by government curriculum specifications and advised by educational experts, the competencies taught and learned in and out of classrooms can vary considerably. In this paper, we discuss in particular how we can investigate the perceptions that individual teachers have of competencies in ICT, and how these and other factors may influence students’ learning. We report case study research which identifies contradictions within the teaching of ICT competencies as an activity system, highlighting issues concerning the object of the curriculum, the roles of the participants and the school cultures. In a particular case, contradictions in the learning objectives between higher order skills and the use of application tools have been resolved by a change in the teacher’s perceptions which have not led to changes in other aspects of the activity system. We look forward to further investigation of the effects of these contradictions in other case studies and on forthcoming curriculum change. KW - ICT competencies KW - Teacher perceptions KW - Activity Theory KW - Contradictions Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-82604 SN - 1868-0844 SN - 2191-1940 IS - 7 SP - 61 EP - 75 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baron, Frank T1 - From Alexander von Humboldt to Frederic Edwin Church BT - Voyages of Scientific Exploration and Creativity JF - HIN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; international review for Humboldtian studies N2 - Stephen Jay Gould wrote recently that “when Church began to paint his great canvases, Alexander von Humboldt may well have been the world’s most famous and influential intellectual.” Humboldt’s influence in the case of the landscape artist Church is especially interesting. If we examine the precise relationship between the German explorer and his American admirer, we gain an insight into how Humboldt transformed Church’s life and signaled a new phase in the career of the artist. Church retraced Humboldt’s travels in Ecuador and in Mexico. If we compare the texts available to Church and the comparison of Church’s paintings and the texts and images of Humboldt’s works we can arrive at new perspectives on Humboldt’s extraordinary influence on American landscape painting in the nineteenth century. N2 - Der amerikanische Wissenschaftshistoriker Stephen Jay Gould stellte fest, daß Alexander von Humboldt um die Mitte des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts vielleicht der berühmteste und einflußreichste Intellektuelle gewesen sei. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt bietet Humboldts Einfluß auf den Landschaftsmaler Church einen besonders interessanten Fall. Wenn wir die Beziehungen zwischen dem deutschen Entdeckungsreisenden und seinem amerikanischen Bewunderer näher betrachten, erfahren wir, wie die Impulse von Humboldt das Leben und die Karriere des Künstlers in ganz neue Richtungen führten. Church besuchte mehrere von Humboldt beschriebene Orte in Ekuador und Mexiko. Der Vergleich der veröffentlichten Texte und Abbildungen Humboldts mit den Gemälden von Church liefert neue Perspektiven, in welcher Weise Humboldt die amerikanische Landschaftsmalerei des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts beeinflußt hat. N2 - El historiador norteamericano Stephen Jay Gould afirmó que Alexander von Humboldt fue posiblemente el más famoso e influyente intelectual a mediados del siglo XIX. Para ese entonces, la influencia de Humboldt sobre el paisajista Church ofrece un caso especialmente interesante. Si analizamos las relaciones entre el explorador alemán y su admirador norteamericano con mayor detalle, nos enteramos cómo los impulsos de Humboldt llevaron la vida y carrera del artista por carriles totalmente nuevos. Church visitó varios de los lugares descritos por Humboldt en Ecuador y México. La comparación de los textos e ilustraciones publicados de Humboldt con las pinturas de Church ofrece nuevas perspectivas acerca de la extraordinaria influencia de Humboldt en la pintura paisajista norteamericana del siglo XIX. KW - bildende Kunst KW - Humboldt als Vorbild KW - Frederic Edwin Church Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-35194 SN - 1617-5239 SN - 2568-3543 VL - VI IS - 10 SP - 7 EP - 20 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Barthélemy, François T1 - Finite-state compilation of feature structures for two-level morphology N2 - This paper describes a two-level formalism where feature structures are used in contextual rules. Whereas usual two-level grammars describe rational sets over symbol pairs, this new formalism uses tree structured regular expressions. They allow an explicit and precise definition of the scope of feature structures. A given surface form may be described using several feature structures. Feature unification is expressed in contextual rules using variables, like in a unification grammar. Grammars are compiled in finite state multi-tape transducers. Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-27120 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bartle, Richard T1 - When openness closes : the line between play and design N2 - One of the informal properties often used to describe a new virtual world is its degree of openness. Yet what is an “open” virtual world? Does the phrase mean generally the same thing to different people? What distinguishes an open world from a less open world? Why does openness matter anyway? The answers to these questions cast light on an important, but shadowy, and uneasy, topic for virtual worlds: the relationship between those who construct the virtual, and those who use these constructions. Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-24536 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bauman, Zygmunt T1 - Local Orders, Global Chaos JF - Geographische Revue : Zeitschrift für Literatur und Diskussion Y1 - 1999 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-23782 SN - 1438-3039 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 64 EP - 72 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bayer, Josef T1 - On uninterpretable features JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432507 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 231 EP - 241 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bechtold, Sander A1 - Hogendoorn, Thirza A1 - Kohútová, Vivien A1 - Potočanová, Katarína T1 - Deepening understanding JF - Potsdamer geographische Praxis N2 - 1. Key concepts 2. What students should have done 3. What students did 4. Deepening understanding 5. General description of deepening understanding 6. Why is deepening understanding an important stage? 7. How does deepening understanding occur in the lessons and some examples 8. Possible difficulties 9. Conclusion KW - Europäische Werteerziehung KW - Familie KW - Lehrevaluation KW - Studierendenaustausch KW - Unterrichtseinheiten KW - Curriculum Framework KW - European values education KW - Family KW - lesson evaluation KW - student exchange KW - teaching units KW - curriculum framework Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-66011 SN - 2194-1599 SN - 2194-1602 IS - 3 SP - 105 EP - 110 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beck, Christian ED - Ambühl, Annemarie ED - Carlà-Uhink, Filippo ED - Rollinger, Christian ED - Walde, Christine T1 - Review of Hamish Williams: Tolkien and the Classical World BT - Walking Tree Publishers (Zurich/Jena 2021) (= Cormarë Series No. 45), 414 pp . ISBN: 978-3-905703-45-0, 44 € JF - thersites 15 Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.34679/thersites.vol15.230 SN - 2364-7612 VL - 2022 IS - 15 SP - 314 EP - 320 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Beck, Michael A1 - Hildebrandt, Niko A1 - Löhmannsröben, Hans-Gerd T1 - Quantum dots as acceptors in FRET-assays containing serum N2 - Quantum dots (QDs) are common as luminescing markers for imaging in biological applications because their optical properties seem to be inert against their surrounding solvent. This, together with broad and strong absorption bands and intense, sharp tuneable luminescence bands, makes them interesting candidates for methods utilizing Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET), e. g. for sensitive homogeneous fluoroimmunoassays (FIA). In this work we demonstrate energy transfer from Eu3+-trisbipyridin (Eu-TBP) donors to CdSe-ZnS-QD acceptors in solutions with and without serum. The QDs are commercially available CdSe-ZnS core-shell particles emitting at 655 nm (QD655). The FRET system was achieved by the binding of the streptavidin conjugated donors with the biotin conjugated acceptors. After excitation of Eu-TBP and as result of the energy transfer, the luminescence of the QD655 acceptors also showed lengthened decay times like the donors. The energy transfer efficiency, as calculated from the decay times of the bound and the unbound components, amounted to 37%. The Förster-radius, estimated from the absorption and emission bands, was ca. 77 Å. The effective binding ratio, which not only depends on the ratio of binding pairs but also on unspecific binding, was obtained from the donor emission dependent on the concentration. As serum promotes unspecific binding, the overall FRET efficiency of the assay was reduced. We conclude that QDs are good substitutes for acceptors in FRET if combined with slow decay donors like Europium. The investigation of the influence of the serum provides guidance towards improving binding properties of QD assays. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 019 KW - Quantenpunkt KW - Lumineszenz KW - Serum KW - Europium KW - Immunoassay KW - Energietransfer KW - Fluoreszenz-Resonanz-Energie-Transfer KW - Förster-Resonanz-Energie-Transfer KW - Quantum Dot KW - Luminescence KW - Serum KW - Europium KW - Immunoassay KW - Energy Transfer KW - FRET Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-9504 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Becker, Andrew C. A1 - Bomans, Dominik J. A1 - Weis, K. T1 - Finding new Wolf-Rayet stars in the Magellanic Clouds JF - Wolf-Rayet Stars : Proceedings of an International Workshop held in Potsdam, Germany, 1.–5. June 2015 N2 - Obtaining a complete census of massive, evolved stars in a galaxy would be a key ingredient for testing stellar evolution models. However, as the evolution of stars is also strongly dependent on their metallicity, it is inevitable to have this kind of data for a variety of galaxies with different metallicities. Between 2009 and 2011, we conducted the Magellanic Clouds Massive Stars and Feedback Survey (MSCF); a spatially complete, multi-epoch, broad- and narrow-band optical imaging survey of the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. With the inclusion of shallow images, we are able to give a complete photometric catalog of stars between B ≈ 18 and B ≈ 19 mag. These observations were augmented with additional photometric data of similar spatial res- olution from UV to IR (e.g. from GALEX, 2MASS and Spitzer) in order to sample a large portion of the spectral energy distribution of the brightest stars (B < 16 mag) in the Magel- lanic Clouds. Using these data, were are able to train a machine learning algorithm that gives us a good estimate of the spectral type of tens of thousands of stars. This method can be applied to the search for Wolf-Rayet-Stars to obtain a sample of candi- dates for follow-up observations. As this approach can, in principle, be adopted for any resolved galaxy as long as sufficient photometric data is available, it can form an effective alternative method to the classical strategies (e.g. He II filter imaging). Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-87618 SP - 47 EP - 50 ER - TY - THES A1 - Behrens, Ricarda T1 - Causes for slow weathering and erosion in the steep, warm, monsoon-subjected Highlands of Sri Lanka T1 - Ursache von langsamer Verwitterung und Erosion im steilen, warmen und Monsun-beeinflussten Hochland von Sri Lanka N2 - In the Highlands of Sri Lanka, erosion and chemical weathering rates are among the lowest for global mountain denudation. In this tropical humid setting, highly weathered deep saprolite profiles have developed from high-grade metamorphic charnockite during spheroidal weathering of the bedrock. The spheroidal weathering produces rounded corestones and spalled rindlets at the rock-saprolite interface. I used detailed textural, mineralogical, chemical, and electron-microscopic (SEM, FIB, TEM) analyses to identify the factors limiting the rate of weathering front advance in the profile, the sequence of weathering reactions, and the underlying mechanisms. The first mineral attacked by weathering was found to be pyroxene initiated by in situ Fe oxidation, followed by in situ biotite oxidation. Bulk dissolution of the primary minerals is best described with a dissolution – re-precipitation process, as no chemical gradients towards the mineral surface and sharp structural boundaries are observed at the nm scale. Only the local oxidation in pyroxene and biotite is better described with an ion by ion process. The first secondary phases are oxides and amorphous precipitates from which secondary minerals (mainly smectite and kaolinite) form. Only for biotite direct solid state transformation to kaolinite is likely. The initial oxidation of pyroxene and biotite takes place in locally restricted areas and is relatively fast: log J = -11 molmin/(m2 s). However, calculated corestone-scale mineral oxidation rates are comparable to corestone-scale mineral dissolution rates: log R = -13 molpx/(m2 s) and log R = -15 molbt/(m2 s). The oxidation reaction results in a volume increase. Volumetric calculations suggest that this observed oxidation leads to the generation of porosity due to the formation of micro-fractures in the minerals and the bedrock allowing for fluid transport and subsequent dissolution of plagioclase. At the scale of the corestone, this fracture reaction is responsible for the larger fractures that lead to spheroidal weathering and to the formation of rindlets. Since these fractures have their origin from the initial oxidational induced volume increase, oxidation is the rate limiting parameter for weathering to take place. The ensuing plagioclase weathering leads to formation of high secondary porosity in the corestone over a distance of only a few cm and eventually to the final disaggregation of bedrock to saprolite. As oxidation is the first weathering reaction, the supply of O2 is a rate-limiting factor for chemical weathering. Hence, the supply of O2 and its consumption at depth connects processes at the weathering front with erosion at the surface in a feedback mechanism. The strength of the feedback depends on the relative weight of advective versus diffusive transport of O2 through the weathering profile. The feedback will be stronger with dominating diffusive transport. The low weathering rate ultimately depends on the transport of O2 through the whole regolith, and on lithological factors such as low bedrock porosity and the amount of Fe-bearing primary minerals. In this regard the low-porosity charnockite with its low content of Fe(II) bearing minerals impedes fast weathering reactions. Fresh weatherable surfaces are a pre-requisite for chemical weathering. However, in the case of the charnockite found in the Sri Lankan Highlands, the only process that generates these surfaces is the fracturing induced by oxidation. Tectonic quiescence in this region and low pre-anthropogenic erosion rate (attributed to a dense vegetation cover) minimize the rejuvenation of the thick and cohesive regolith column, and lowers weathering through the feedback with erosion. N2 - Erosions- und chemische Verwitterungsraten im srilankischen Hochland gehören zu den langsamsten der globalen Gebirgsdenudationsraten. In diesem tropischen, humiden Gebiet entwickelten sich mächtige Verwitterungsprofile – sogenannte Saprolite – auf spheroidal verwittertem, hochgradig metamorphen Charnockit. Spheroidale Verwitterung führt zu abgerundeten „corestones“ mit abgesplitterten Rinden („rindlets“) an der Gesteins – Saprolit Grenze. Zur Identifizierung der ratenlimitierenden Faktoren des Fortschreiten der Verwitterungsfront, der Sequenz der Verwitterungsreaktionen und der dahinterliegenden Mechanismen nutzte ich detaillierte gesteinsstrukturelle, mineralogische, chemische und elektronenmikroskopische (SEM, FIB, TEM) Analysemethoden. Die initiale Verwitterung beginnt mit lokal begrenzter in situ Oxidation in Pyroxen, gefolgt von in situ Oxidation von Biotit. Die Auflösung der Minerale wird am besten durch einen Auflöse – Wiederausfällungs-prozess beschrieben, da zur Mineralgrenze hin keine chemischen Gradienten, dafür aber auf der nm-Skala scharfe strukturelle Grenzen zu beobachten sind. Die ersten ausfallenden Sekundärphasen sind Oxide und amorphe Phasen aus denen sich Sekundärmineral (hauptsächlich Smectit und Kaolinit) bilden. Für Biotit ist auch eine direkte Umwandlung im Festzustand zu Kaolinit möglich. Die initiale Pyroxen- und Biotitoxidation ist relativ schnell: log J = -11 molmin/(m2 s). Berechnete Oxidationsraten auf der corestone-Skala (cm) sind vergleichbar zu Auflöseraten auf derselben Skala: log R = -13 molpx/(m2 s) und log R = -15 molbt/(m2 s). Volumetrische Berechnungen führen zum Schluss, dass die Oxidation mit einhergehender Volumenzunahme zur Entwicklung von Mikrofrakturen in den Mineralen und dem Gesamtgestein führt. Diese begünstigen Fluidtransport und damit einhergehende Plagioklasverwitterung. Des Weiteren ist diese Oxidationsreaktion verantwortlich für die Entstehung der Frakturen bei spheroidaler Verwitterung des Gesteins, welche die „rindlets“ vom „corestone“ abgrenzen. Daraus kann geschlossen werden, dass in situ Oxidation der ratenlimitierende Prozess bei der Verwitterung ist. Plagioklasverwitterung führt zu einer hohen Porositätszunahme und der endgültigen Umwandlung von Gestein zu Saprolit. Da Oxidation die erste Verwitterungsreaktion ist, verbinden die Zuführung und der Verbrauch von O2 zur, beziehungsweise an die Verwitterungsfront Erosion an der Oberfläche mit Prozessen an der Verwitterungsfront über einen Feedbackmechanismus. Daher hängt die langsame Verwitterungsrate letztlich vom Sauerstofftransport durch das Verwitterungsprofil und von lithologischen Faktoren des Charnockit wie zum Beispiel geringe Gesteinsporosität und/oder wenige Fe(II)-haltige Primärminerale ab. Des Weiteren ist der einzige Prozess im Charnockit der frische verwitterbare Oberflächen (eine Voraussetzung für chemische Verwitterung) generiert die oxidations-induzierte Frakturierung. Darüber hinaus minimieren die Abwesenheit von tektonischer Aktivität und geringe prä-anthropogene Erosionsraten in dieser Region den Abtrag des mächtigen und kohäsiven Verwitterungsprofils und somit über den beschriebenen Feedback auch die chemische Verwitterungsrate. KW - Sri Lanka KW - chemical weathering KW - erosion KW - saprolite KW - weathering feedback KW - charnockite KW - critical zone KW - mineral weathering reactions KW - Sri Lanka KW - chemische Verwitterung KW - Erosion KW - Saprolit KW - Verwitterungsfeedback KW - Charnockit KW - kritische Zone KW - Mineralverwitterungsreaktionen Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408503 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beirne, Elaine A1 - Nic Giolla Mhichíl, Mairéad A1 - Brown, Mark A1 - Mac Lochlainn, Conchúr T1 - Confidence Counts BT - Fostering Online Learning Self-Efficacy with a MOOC JF - EMOOCs 2021 N2 - The increasing reliance on online learning in higher education has been further expedited by the on-going Covid-19 pandemic. Students need to be supported as they adapt to this new learning environment. Research has established that learners with positive online learning self-efficacy beliefs are more likely to persevere and achieve their higher education goals when learning online. In this paper, we explore how MOOC design can contribute to the four sources of self-efficacy beliefs posited by Bandura [4]. Specifically, we will explore, drawing on learner reflections, whether design elements of the MOOC, The Digital Edge: Essentials for the Online Learner, provided participants with the necessary mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, and affective regulation opportunities, to evaluate and develop their online learning self-efficacy beliefs. Findings from a content analysis of discussion forum posts show that learners referenced three of the four information sources when reflecting on their experience of the MOOC. This paper illustrates the potential of MOOCs as a pedagogical tool for enhancing online learning self-efficacy among students. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-517220 SN - 978-3-86956-512-5 VL - 2021 SP - 201 EP - 208 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bellettini, Carlo A1 - Lonati, Violetta A1 - Malchiodi, Dario A1 - Monga, Mattia A1 - Morpurgo, Anna A1 - Torelli, Mauro T1 - What you see is what you have in mind BT - constructing mental models for formatted text processing JF - Commentarii informaticae didacticae : (CID) N2 - In this paper we report on our experiments in teaching computer science concepts with a mix of tangible and abstract object manipulations. The goal we set ourselves was to let pupils discover the challenges one has to meet to automatically manipulate formatted text. We worked with a group of 25 secondary school pupils (9-10th grade), and they were actually able to “invent” the concept of mark-up language. From this experiment we distilled a set of activities which will be replicated in other classes (6th grade) under the guidance of maths teachers. Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-64612 SN - 1868-0844 SN - 2191-1940 IS - 6 SP - 139 EP - 147 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Benacka, Jan T1 - BubbleSort, SelectSort and InsertSort in Excel & Delphi BT - learning the Concepts in a Constructionist Way JF - Commentarii informaticae didacticae : (CID) N2 - A method is presented of acquiring the principles of three sorting algorithms through developing interactive applications in Excel. KW - spreadsheets KW - sorting KW - constructionism Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-64636 SN - 1868-0844 SN - 2191-1940 IS - 6 SP - 153 EP - 154 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beradze, S. A1 - Kochiashvili, N. A1 - Natsvlishvili, R. A1 - Kochiashvili, I. A1 - Janiashvili, E. A1 - Urushadze, T. A1 - Vardosanidze, M. T1 - P Cygni and its Observations at the Abastumani Observatory JF - Wolf-Rayet Stars : Proceedings of an International Workshop held in Potsdam, Germany, 1.–5. June 2015 N2 - We found original observations of PCygni by E. Kharadze and N. Magalashvili in the archives of the Abastumani Observatory. These observations were carried out in the period 1951–1983. Initially they used 29 Cygni as a comparison star, and all observations of PCygni were processed using this star. On the basis of their calculations, the authors decided that PCygni may be a WUMa type binary with an orbital period of 0.500565 d, but this hypothesis was not confirmed. The only observations that have been published in the Bulletin of the Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory were those of of 1951–1955. There are whole sets of observational data not only for PCygni and 29 Cygni, but in the majority of cases also for 36 Cygni in the archives. We recalculated all data (where it was possible) using 36 Cygni as a comparison star. We are presenting UBV light curves of the variable, and also observations made by V. Nikonov in Abastumani in the period 1935–1937 Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-88389 SP - 353 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berg, Holger T1 - Military Occupation under the Eyes of the Lord BT - Studies in Erfurt during the Thirty Years War JF - Militär und Gesellschaft in der frühen Neuzeit Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-21318 SN - 1861-910X SN - 1617-9722 VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 53 EP - 57 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bergmann, Kirsten A1 - Kopp, Stefan T1 - Verbal or visual? : How information is distributed across speech and gesture in spatial dialog N2 - In spatial dialog like in direction giving humans make frequent use of speechaccompanying gestures. Some gestures convey largely the same information as speech while others complement speech. This paper reports a study on how speakers distribute meaning across speech and gesture, and depending on what factors. Utterance meaning and the wider dialog context were tested by statistically analyzing a corpus of direction-giving dialogs. Problems of speech production (as indicated by discourse markers and disfluencies), the communicative goals, and the information status were found to be influential, while feedback signals by the addressee do not have any influence. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10375 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Berman, Franklin T1 - Authority in International Law T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - The author discusses the question of authority when determining the content of an international legal rule. Taking Article 38(1)(d) of the ICJ Statute as a point of departure, he determines through meticolous analysis what ranks as judicial decisions as well as teachings within the meaning of the norm. The author then proceeds to a number of factors to determine authoritativeness: objectivity, knowledgeability, depth of analysis, and the presence or otherwise of reasoning and, in particular, the persuasiveness of an opinion. In the case of judicial pronouncements, the author points out that the paradox between Article 59 and Article 38(1)(d) of the ICJ Statute is only an apparent one. While judgments of the Court are binding only between the parties, it is merely the underlying reasoning that can be taken into account in the context of Article 38(1)(d) if considered persuasive. Without central authority, authoritativenes in international law must always be earned which is also the reason for the lack of an hierarchical order between as well as within judicial pronouncements and learned writings though the former are usually more likely to fulfil the criteria of authoritativeness. In both cases, however, previously acquired reputation of a court or even an individual judge as well as of a learned writer can create a presumption of authoritativeness. On a more general level, the author concludes with a call for a more careful differentiation between the determination of law and its application. Putting the issue discussed into perspective, the author argues that situations of law determination arise, contrary to common understanding, in fact far less often than situations of law application. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 22 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-422843 SN - 2509-3770 SN - 2509-3762 IS - 22 ER - TY - INPR A1 - Berman, Gennady A1 - Tarkhanov, Nikolai Nikolaevich T1 - Quantum dynamics in the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam problem N2 - We study the dynamics of four wave interactions in a nonlinear quantum chain of oscillators under the "narrow packet" approximation. We determine the set of times for which the evolution of decay processes is essentially specified by quantum effects. Moreover, we highlight the quantum increment of instability. T3 - Preprint - (2004) 05 Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-26695 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berry, Carol A1 - Kusterer, Peter T1 - Using Teachers’ TryScience to support educators and improve teaching JF - Commentarii informaticae didacticae : (CID) N2 - The challenge is providing teachers with the resources they need to strengthen their instructions and better prepare students for the jobs of the 21st Century. Technology can help meet the challenge. Teachers’ Tryscience is a noncommercial offer, developed by the New York Hall of Science, TeachEngineering, the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards and IBM Citizenship to provide teachers with such resources. The workshop provides deeper insight into this tool and discussion of how to support teaching of informatics in schools. KW - science KW - teacher KW - collaboration KW - teaching material KW - instruction KW - lesson KW - social networking Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-64665 SN - 1868-0844 SN - 2191-1940 IS - 6 SP - 161 EP - 162 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bestenlehner, J. M. T1 - Stellar parameters from photometric data for fainter and more distant Wolf-Rayet stars JF - Wolf-Rayet Stars : Proceedings of an International Workshop held in Potsdam, Germany, 1.–5. June 2015 N2 - Spectroscopy is the preferred way to study the physical and wind properties of Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars, but with decreasing brightness and increasing distance of the object spectroscopy become very expensive. However, photometry still delivers a high signal to noise ratio. Current and past astronomical surveys and space missions provide large data sets, that can be harvested to discover new WR stars and study them over a wide metallicity range with the help of state of the art stellar atmosphere and evolutionary models. Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-88390 SP - 354 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bethge, Joseph A1 - Serth, Sebastian A1 - Staubitz, Thomas A1 - Wuttke, Tobias A1 - Nordemann, Oliver A1 - Das, Partha-Pratim A1 - Meinel, Christoph T1 - TransPipe BT - A Pipeline for Automated Transcription and Translation of Videos JF - EMOOCs 2021 N2 - Online learning environments, such as Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), often rely on videos as a major component to convey knowledge. However, these videos exclude potential participants who do not understand the lecturer’s language, regardless of whether that is due to language unfamiliarity or aural handicaps. Subtitles and/or interactive transcripts solve this issue, ease navigation based on the content, and enable indexing and retrieval by search engines. Although there are several automated speech-to-text converters and translation tools, their quality varies and the process of integrating them can be quite tedious. Thus, in practice, many videos on MOOC platforms only receive subtitles after the course is already finished (if at all) due to a lack of resources. This work describes an approach to tackle this issue by providing a dedicated tool, which is closing this gap between MOOC platforms and transcription and translation tools and offering a simple workflow that can easily be handled by users with a less technical background. The proposed method is designed and evaluated by qualitative interviews with three major MOOC providers. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-516943 VL - 2021 SP - 79 EP - 94 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Betz, Hariolf A1 - Raiser, Frank A1 - Frühwirth, Thom T1 - Persistent constraints in constraint handling rules N2 - In the most abstract definition of its operational semantics, the declarative and concurrent programming language CHR is trivially non-terminating for a significant class of programs. Common refinements of this definition, in closing the gap to real-world implementations, compromise on declarativity and/or concurrency. Building on recent work and the notion of persistent constraints, we introduce an operational semantics avoiding trivial non-termination without compromising on its essential features. Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41547 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Beyssade, Claire A1 - Marandin, Jean-Marie T1 - From complex to simple speech acts : a bidimensional analysis of illocutionary N2 - We present a new analysis of illocutionary forces in dialogue. We analyze them as complex conversational moves involving two dimensions: what Speaker commits herself to and what she calls on Addressee to perform. We start from the analysis of speech acts such as confirmation requests or whimperatives, and extend the analysis to seemingly simple speech acts, such as statements and queries. Then, we show how to integrate our proposal in the framework of the Grammar for Conversation (Ginzburg, to app.), which is adequate for modelling agents' information states and how they get updated. Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-10319 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bibby, J. A1 - Shara, M. A1 - Zurek, D. A1 - Crowther, P. A. A1 - Moffat, Anthony F. J. A1 - Drissen, L. A1 - Wilde, M. T1 - The Distribution of Massive Stars in M101 JF - Wolf-Rayet Stars : Proceedings of an International Workshop held in Potsdam, Germany, 1.–5. June 2015 N2 - 75 WR stars and 164 RSGs are identified in a single WFC3 pointing of our M101 survey. We find that within it's large star-forming complex NGC 5462 WR stars are preferentially located in the core whilst RSGs are found in the halo, suggesting two bursts of star-formation. A review of our WR candidates reveals that only ∼30% are detected in the archival broad-band ACS imaging whilst only ∼50% are associated with HII regions. Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-88402 SP - 355 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Biddle, M. B. A1 - Rickert, S. E. A1 - Lando, J. B. A1 - Laschewsky, André T1 - The use of the Langmuir-Blodgett technique to obtain ultra-thin polar films N2 - The piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties of oriented films possessing dipole moments are increasingly being used in pressure, acoustic, thermal and optical devices. The performance of these devices in many applications may be enhanced by thin-film technology.The developing Langmuir-Blodgett thin-film deposition technique offers the opportunity to obtain highly oriented and uniform organic-based films in the 10–5000 nm thickness range. Special techniques must be used, however, to assemble these molecules in such a way as to result in polar multilayer films. Several possible deposition techniques are investigated, with one resulting in a polar and pyroelectric film about 50 nm thick. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 098 Y1 - 1989 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17185 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bielawski, Martina A1 - Jurišić, J. A1 - Lenz, T. A1 - Maxian Rusche, T. A1 - Nippert, C. T1 - Via : communis Europa ; Europe's architecture in 2020 N2 - Forum: EU-Diplomatie im Jahre 2020 KW - Europäische Union KW - Europaidentität KW - Außenpolitik KW - Verteidigungspolitik KW - European Union KW - European identity KW - foreign policy KW - defence policy Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-48454 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Billard, Isabelle A1 - Ansoborlo, Eric A1 - Apperson, Kathleen A1 - Arpigny, Sylvie A1 - Azenha, M. Emilia A1 - Birch, David A1 - Bros, Pascal A1 - Burrows, Hugh D. A1 - Choppin, Gregory A1 - Kumke, Michael Uwe T1 - Aqueous solutions of Uranium(VI) as studied by time-resolved emission spectroscopy : a Round-Robin Test N2 - Results of an inter-laboratory round-robin study of the application of time-resolved emission spectroscopy (TRES) to the speciation of uranium(VI) in aqueous media are presented. The round-robin study involved 13 independent laboratories, using various instrumentation and data analysis methods. Samples were prepared based on appropriate speciation diagrams and, in general, were found to be chemically stable for at least six months. Four different types of aqueous uranyl solutions were studied: (1) acidic medium where UO22+aq is the single emitting species, (2) uranyl in the presence of fluoride ions, (3) uranyl in the presence of sulfate ions, and (4) uranyl in aqueous solutions at different pH, promoting the formation of hydrolyzed species. Results between the laboratories are compared in terms of the number of decay components, luminescence lifetimes, and spectral band positions. The successes and limitations of TRES in uranyl analysis and speciation in aqueous solutions are discussed. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 005 KW - uranium (VI) KW - intercomparison KW - speciation Y1 - 2003 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-12318 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bièvre-Perrin, Fabien ED - Bièvre-Perrin, Fabien ED - Carlà-Uhink, Filippo ED - Rollinger, Christian ED - Walde, Christine T1 - “Everything is a copy of a copy of a copy” BT - Preface JF - thersites 13: Antiquipop – Chefs d’œuvres revisités N2 - A quote from Fight Club (Chuck Palahniuk, 1996) may seem unusual for a Classicist. Nevertheless, this famous sentence summarises the contents of this special issue of thersites perfectly. As specialists in classical reception frequently witness, there is a sort of déjà-vu effect when it comes to the presence of Antiquity within popular culture. In 2019, to try to better understand the phenomenon, Antiquipop invited researchers to take an interest in the construction and semantic path of these “masterpieces” in contemporary popular culture, with a particular focus on the 21st century. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.34679/thersites.vol13.191 SN - 2364-7612 VL - 2021 IS - 13 SP - i EP - v ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blackwell, Virginia Katherine A1 - Wiltrout, Mary Ellen T1 - Learning During COVID-19 BT - Engagement and Attainment in an Introductory Biology MOOC JF - EMOOCs 2021 N2 - During the COVID-19 pandemic, learning in higher education and beyond shifted en masse to online formats, with the short- and long-term consequences for Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) platforms, learners, and creators still under evaluation. In this paper, we sought to determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic and this shift to online learning led to increased learner engagement and attainment in a single introductory biology MOOC through evaluating enrollment, proportional and individual engagement, and verification and performance data. As this MOOC regularly operates each year, we compared these data collected from two course runs during the pandemic to three pre-pandemic runs. During the first pandemic run, the number and rate of learners enrolling in the course doubled when compared to prior runs, while the second pandemic run indicated a gradual return to pre-pandemic enrollment. Due to higher enrollment, more learners viewed videos, attempted problems, and posted to the discussion forums during the pandemic. Participants engaged with forums in higher proportions in both pandemic runs, but the proportion of participants who viewed videos decreased in the second pandemic run relative to the prior runs. A higher percentage of learners chose to pursue a certificate via the verified track in each pandemic run, though a smaller proportion earned certification in the second pandemic run. During the pandemic, more enrolled learners did not necessarily correlate to greater engagement by all metrics. While verified-track learner performance varied widely during each run, the effects of the pandemic were not uniform for learners, much like in other aspects of life. As such, individual engagement trends in the first pandemic run largely resemble pre-pandemic metrics but with more learners overall, while engagement trends in the second pandemic run are less like pre-pandemic metrics, hinting at learner “fatigue”. This study serves to highlight the life-long learning opportunity that MOOCs offer is even more critical when traditional education modes are disrupted and more people are at home or unemployed. This work indicates that this boom in MOOC participation may not remain at a high level for the longer term in any one course, but overall, the number of MOOCs, programs, and learners continues to grow. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-517251 SN - 978-3-86956-512-5 VL - 2021 SP - 219 EP - 236 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blahušiaková, Andrea A1 - Röper-Kühnemann, Christian A1 - Staufenbiel, Christoph A1 - Vozárová, Hana T1 - Relating to students JF - Potsdamer geographische Praxis N2 - 1. The Assignment 'Devotion to Religion and acitive Citizenship' 2. The Assignment 'How are religious spread across Europe' 3. The Assignment 'Is football as important as religion?' 4. The Assignment 'Why be religious?' 5. The Assignment 'Lucky charms' 6. The Assignment 'No Creo en el Jamas' (Life after death) 7. The Assignment 'Religion and its influence on politics ans policies' 8. The Assignment 'Secularisation in Europe' 9. The Assignment 'The meaning of religious places' 10. The Assignment 'Unity in diversity' 11. Which conceptions did you find? KW - Europäische Werteerziehung KW - Familie KW - Lehrevaluation KW - Studierendenaustausch KW - Unterrichtseinheiten KW - Curriculum Framework KW - European values education KW - Family KW - lesson evaluation KW - student exchange KW - teaching units KW - curriculum framework Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-65769 SN - 2194-1599 SN - 2194-1602 IS - 1 SP - 25 EP - 31 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Blanc, Olivier A1 - Constant, Matthieu A1 - Watrin, Patrick T1 - Segmentation in super-chunks with a finite-state approach N2 - Since Harris’ parser in the late 50s, multiword units have been progressively integrated in parsers. Nevertheless, in the most part, they are still restricted to compound words, that are more stable and less numerous. Actually, language is full of semi-fixed expressions that also form basic semantic units: semi-fixed adverbial expressions (e.g. time), collocations. Like compounds, the identification of these structures limits the combinatorial complexity induced by lexical ambiguity. In this paper, we detail an experiment that largely integrates these notions in a finite-state procedure of segmentation into super-chunks, preliminary to a parser.We show that the chunker, developped for French, reaches 92.9% precision and 98.7% recall. Moreover, multiword units realize 36.6% of the attachments within nominal and prepositional phrases. Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-27133 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blaszczak, Joanna A1 - Dipper, Stefanie A1 - Fanselow, Gisbert A1 - Ishihara, Shinishiro A1 - Petrova, Svetlana A1 - Skopeteas, Stavros A1 - Weskott, Thomas A1 - Zimmermann, Malte T1 - Syntax JF - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS N2 - The guidelines for syntactic annotation contain the layers that are especially relevant for queries related to the interaction of information structure with syntax. The layers of this level are constituent structure, grammatical functions, and semantic roles. Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-22253 SN - 1614-4708 SN - 1866-4725 IS - 7 SP - 95 EP - 133 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blaszczak, Joanna A1 - Dipper, Stefanie A1 - Fanselow, Gisbert A1 - Ishihara, Shinishiro A1 - Petrova, Svetlana A1 - Skopeteas, Stavros A1 - Weskott, Thomas A1 - Zimmermann, Malte T1 - Morphology JF - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS N2 - The guidelines for morphological annotation contain the layers that are necessary for understanding the structure of the words in the object language: morphological segmentation, glossing, and annotation of part-of-speech. Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-22247 SN - 1614-4708 SN - 1866-4725 IS - 7 SP - 55 EP - 94 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Blomme, R. T1 - Corotating Interaction Regions and clumping N2 - We present hydrodynamical models for Corotating Interaction Regions, which were used by Lobel (2007) to model the Discrete Absorption Components in HD 64760. We also discuss our failure to model the rotational modulations seen in the same star. Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-18100 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bobda, Augustin Simo T1 - Irish presence in colonial Cameroon and its linguistic legacy JF - The Celtic Englishes IV : the interface between English and the Celtic languages ; proceedings of the fourth international colloquium on the "Celtic Englishes" held at the University of Potsdam in Golm (Germany) from 22-26 September 2004 N2 - Content: 1. Survey of Foreign Influences on English in Cameroon 1.1. Early Foreign Influences in the Formation of English in Cameroon 1.2. Later Influences 2. Irish Linguistic Legacy 2.1. Language Policy 2.2. Structural Aspects of English Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41011 SP - 217 EP - 233 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bogost, Ian T1 - The phenomenology of videogames N2 - Jesper Juul has convincingly argued that the conflict over the proper object of study has shifted from “rules or story” to “player or game.” But a key component of digital games is still missing from either of these oppositions: that of the computer itself. This paper offers a way of thinking about the phenomenology of the videogame from the perspective of the computer rather than the game or the player. Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-24547 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Boldrighini, Carlo A1 - Frigio, Sandro A1 - Maponi, Pierluigi A1 - Pellegrinotti, Alessandro A1 - Sinai, Yakov G. T1 - 3-D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations: Complex blow-up and related real flows JF - Lectures in pure and applied mathematics KW - random point processes KW - statistical mechanics KW - stochastic analysis Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-472201 SN - 978-3-86956-485-2 SN - 2199-4951 SN - 2199-496X IS - 6 SP - 185 EP - 194 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bomans, Dominik J. A1 - Becker, Andrew C. A1 - Kleemann, B. A1 - Weis, K. A1 - Pasquali, A. T1 - Luminous Wolf-Rayet stars at low metallicity JF - Wolf-Rayet Stars : Proceedings of an International Workshop held in Potsdam, Germany, 1.–5. June 2015 N2 - The evolution of massive stars in very low metallicity galaxies is less well observationally constrained than in environments more similar to the Milky Way, M33, or the LMC. We discuss in this contribution the current state of our program to search for and characterize Wolf-Rayet stars (and other massive emission line stars) in low metallicity galaxies in the Local Volume. Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-87635 SP - 51 EP - 54 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bonfante, Guillaume A1 - Le Roux, Joseph T1 - Intersection optimization is NP-complete N2 - Finite state methods for natural language processing often require the construction and the intersection of several automata. In this paper, we investigate the question of determining the best order in which these intersections should be performed. We take as an example lexical disambiguation in polarity grammars. We show that there is no efficient way to minimize the state complexity of these intersections. Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-27146 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Borg, Erik A1 - Fichtelmann, Bernd T1 - Land-water masks: basis for automated pre- and thematic processing of remote sensing data JF - Potsdamer Geographische Praxis N2 - Earth observation data have become an outstanding basis for analyzing environmental aspects. The increasing availability of remote sensing data is accompanied by an increasing user demand. Within the scope of the COOPERNICUS-initiative, the automatic processing of remote sensing data is important for supplying value- added-information products. The use of additional data like land-water-masks in the context of deriving value-added information products can stabilize and improve the product quality of information products. The authors of this contribution would like to discuss different automated processing algorithms which are based on land-water masks for value-added data interpretation. These developments were supported or accompanied by Prof. Hartmut Asche. Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-103454 SN - 978-3-86956-389-3 SN - 2194–1599 SN - 2194–1602 IS - 12 SP - 77 EP - 99 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bornkessel-Schlesewsky, Ina D. A1 - Schlesewsky, Matthias T1 - Is it a bird? Is it a mammal? BT - Perspectives on the learnability/trainability of new grammatical constructions JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432534 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 275 EP - 286 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Bortfeld, Silvia T1 - Analysis of Medicago truncatula transcription factors involved in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis T1 - Analyse von Medicago truncatula Transkriptionsfaktoren, die während der arbuskulären Mykorrhiz-Symbiose eine Rolle spielen N2 - For the first time the transcriptional reprogramming of distinct root cortex cells during the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis was investigated by combining Laser Capture Mirodissection and Affymetrix GeneChip® Medicago genome array hybridization. The establishment of cryosections facilitated the isolation of high quality RNA in sufficient amounts from three different cortical cell types. The transcript profiles of arbuscule-containing cells (arb cells), non-arbuscule-containing cells (nac cells) of Rhizophagus irregularis inoculated Medicago truncatula roots and cortex cells of non-inoculated roots (cor) were successfully explored. The data gave new insights in the symbiosis-related cellular reorganization processes and indicated that already nac cells seem to be prepared for the upcoming fungal colonization. The mycorrhizal- and phosphate-dependent transcription of a GRAS TF family member (MtGras8) was detected in arb cells and mycorrhizal roots. MtGRAS shares a high sequence similarity to a GRAS TF suggested to be involved in the fungal colonization processes (MtRAM1). The function of MtGras8 was unraveled upon RNA interference- (RNAi-) mediated gene silencing. An AM symbiosis-dependent expression of a RNAi construct (MtPt4pro::gras8-RNAi) revealed a successful gene silencing of MtGras8 leading to a reduced arbuscule abundance and a higher proportion of deformed arbuscules in root with reduced transcript levels. Accordingly, MtGras8 might control the arbuscule development and life-time. The targeting of MtGras8 by the phosphate-dependent regulated miRNA5204* was discovered previously (Devers et al., 2011). Since miRNA5204* is known to be affected by phosphate, the posttranscriptional regulation might represent a link between phosphate signaling and arbuscule development. In this work, the posttranscriptional regulation was confirmed by mis-expression of miRNA5204* in M. truncatula roots. The miRNA-mediated gene silencing affects the MtGras8 transcript abundance only in the first two weeks of the AM symbiosis and the mis-expression lines seem to mimic the phenotype of MtGras8-RNAi lines. Additionally, MtGRAS8 seems to form heterodimers with NSP2 and RAM1, which are known to be key regulators of the fungal colonization process (Hirsch et al., 2009; Gobbato et al., 2012). These data indicate that MtGras8 and miRNA5204* are linked to the sym pathway and regulate the arbuscule development in phosphate-dependent manner. N2 - Die Leguminose Medicago truncatula (gehört zur Gattung des Schneckenklees) ist in der Lage sowohl eine Symbiose mit stickstofffixierenden Bakterien (Rhizobien), als auch mit Mykorrhiza-Pilzen einzugehen. Der Mykorrhiza-Pilz Rhizophagus irregularis dringt in die Wurzelrindenzellen ein und bildet Strukturen aus, die als Arbuskeln bezeichnet werden. Diese ermöglichen den Transfer von Nährstoffen, wie Phosphat in die Wurzelzellen. Die Pflanze liefert hingegen bis zu 20 % ihrer Photosyntheseprodukte an den Pilz. Da die Lebenszeit der Arbuskeln nur wenige Tage beträgt, können Wurzelrindenzellen mehrere Arbuskeln nacheinander beherbergen. Somit können neben arbuskelhaltigen, auch nicht-arbuskelhaltige Zellen in kolonisierten Wurzeln auftreten. Die nicht-arbuskelhaltigen Zellen beeinträchtigen die Sensitivität von Genregulationsanalysen, wenn die Genregulation während der Mykorrhiza-Symbiose anhand von ganzen kolonisierten Wurzeln untersucht wird. In dieser Arbeit konnte eine Zelltyp-spezifische Analyse der Genregulation von arbuskelhaltigen und nicht-arbuskelhaltigen Zellen durchgeführt, und eine Erhöhung der Sensitivität erreicht werden. Mittels Laser Capture Microdissection wurden Zellen aus Gefrierschnitten von Wurzeln isoliert. Aus den so gewonnen Zellen konnte RNA von ausreichender Qualität und Quantität extrahiert werden, um das Transkriptom der beiden Zelltypen mittels Mikroarrayhybridisierung zu untersuchen. Transkriptionsfaktoren (TFs) spielen wahrscheinlich eine Schlüsselrolle in der Umprogrammierung von Wurzelzellen während der Mykorrhiza-Symbiose. Daher wurde die Genregulation von TF-Genen in den zwei Zelltypen gezielt untersucht. Anhand von quantitativer RT-PCR und Promoter-Reporter-Fusionen wurde die differentielle Expression von mehreren TF-Transkripten in den verschiedenen Zelltypen bestätigt. Die Charakterisierung eines potentiellen GRAS TF (MtGRAS8) konnte eine stark Symbiose- und Phosphat-abhängige Induktion von Transkripten bestätigt werden. Mutanten mit verringerter MtGras8 Transkriptmenge wiesen eine verringerte Arbuskelzahl und deformierte Arbuskeln auf. MtGras8 scheint daher an der Arbuskelentwicklung beteiligt zu sein. Vorherige Experimente zeigten, dass MtGras8 Transkripte, von der Phosphat-regulierten MikroRNA5204* geschnitten werden (Devers et al., 2011). Dies konnte durch Überexpression der MikroRNA5204* in vivo bestätigt werden. Weiterhin konnten Protein-Protein-Interaktionen von MtGras8 mit bekannten GRAS TFs (NSP1, NSP2, RAM1) nachgewiesen und daraus eine Verbindung zu bekannten Symbiose-induzierten Signalkaskaden geschlossen werden. In dieser Arbeit wurde erstmals die Umprogrammierung von nicht-arbuskelhaltigen Zellen untersucht und neue Regulationselemente für die Kontrolle der Arbuskelentwicklung, wie MtGRAS8 und MikroRNA5204*, charakterisiert. KW - arbuskuläre Mykorrhiza-Symbiose KW - Transkriptionsfaktoren KW - Zelltyp-spezifisch KW - Transkriptomanalyse KW - arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis KW - transcription factors KW - cell type-specific KW - transcriptome analysis Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-70664 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Boston, Marisa Ferrara A1 - Hale, John A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Patil, Umesh A1 - Vasishth, Shravan T1 - Parsing costs as predictors of reading difficulty: An evaluation using the Potsdam Sentence Corpus N2 - The surprisal of a word on a probabilistic grammar constitutes a promising complexity metric for human sentence comprehension difficulty. Using two different grammar types, surprisal is shown to have an effect on fixation durations and regression probabilities in a sample of German readers’ eye movements, the Potsdam Sentence Corpus. A linear mixed-effects model was used to quantify the effect of surprisal while taking into account unigram and bigram frequency, word length, and empirically-derived word predictability; the so-called “early” and “late” measures of processing difficulty both showed an effect of surprisal. Surprisal is also shown to have a small but statistically non-significant effect on empirically-derived predictability itself. This work thus demonstrates the importance of including parsing costs as a predictor of comprehension difficulty in models of reading, and suggests that a simple identification of syntactic parsing costs with early measures and late measures with durations of post-syntactic events may be difficult to uphold. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 253 Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57139 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Boston, Marisa Ferrara A1 - Hale, John T. A1 - Vasishth, Shravan A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - Parallel processing and sentence comprehension difficulty N2 - Eye fixation durations during normal reading correlate with processing difficulty but the specific cognitive mechanisms reflected in these measures are not well understood. This study finds support in German readers’ eyefixations for two distinct difficulty metrics: surprisal, which reflects the change in probabilities across syntactic analyses as new words are integrated, and retrieval, which quantifies comprehension difficulty in terms of working memory constraints. We examine the predictions of both metrics using a family of dependency parsers indexed by an upper limit on the number of candidate syntactic analyses they retain at successive words. Surprisal models all fixation measures and regression probability. By contrast, retrieval does not model any measure in serial processing. As more candidate analyses are considered in parallel at each word, retrieval can account for the same measures as surprisal. This pattern suggests an important role for ranked parallelism in theories of sentence comprehension. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 252 Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57159 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bottino, Rosa A1 - Chioccariello, Augusto T1 - Computational Thinking BT - Videogames, Educational Robotics, and other Powerful Ideas to Think with JF - KEYCIT 2014 - Key Competencies in Informatics and ICT N2 - Digital technology has radically changed the way people work in industry, finance, services, media and commerce. Informatics has contributed to the scientific and technological development of our society in general and to the digital revolution in particular. Computational thinking is the term indicating the key ideas of this discipline that might be included in the key competencies underlying the curriculum of compulsory education. The educational potential of informatics has a history dating back to the sixties. In this article, we briefly revisit this history looking for lessons learned. In particular, we focus on experiences of teaching and learning programming. However, computational thinking is more than coding. It is a way of thinking and practicing interactive dynamic modeling with computers. We advocate that learners can practice computational thinking in playful contexts where they can develop personal projects, for example building videogames and/or robots, share and discuss their construction with others. In our view, this approach allows an integration of computational thinking in the K-12 curriculum across disciplines. KW - Computational thinking KW - programming in context KW - informatics education Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-82820 SN - 1868-0844 SN - 2191-1940 IS - 7 SP - 301 EP - 309 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bouret, J.-C. A1 - Lanz, T. A1 - Hillier, D. J. A1 - Foellmi, C. T1 - Clumping in O-type Supergiants N2 - We have analyzed the spectra of seven Galactic O4 supergiants, with the NLTE wind code CMFGEN. For all stars, we have found that clumped wind models match well lines from different species spanning a wavelength range from FUV to optical, and remain consistent with Hα data. We have achieved an excellent match of the P V λλ1118, 1128 resonance doublet and N IV λ1718, as well as He II λ4686 suggesting that our physical description of clumping is adequate. We find very small volume filling factors and that clumping starts deep in the wind, near the sonic point. The most crucial consequence of our analysis is that the mass loss rates of O stars need to be revised downward significantly, by a factor of 3 and more compared to those obtained from smooth-wind models. Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-17662 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bowler, Margit ED - Grubic, Mira ED - Mucha, Anne T1 - The status of degrees in Warlpiri JF - Proceedings of the Semantics of African, Asian and Austronesian Languages (TripleA) 2 N2 - Recent work in semantics has shown that languages can vary in whether or not they include degrees (that is, elements of type < d >) in their semantic ontology. Several authors have argued that their languages of study lack degrees, including Bochnak (2013) for Washo (isolate, USA), Pearson (2009) for Fijian (Austronesian, Fiji), and Beck, et al. (2009) for Motu (Austronesian, Papua New Guinea). In this paper, I follow the tests proposed in Beck, et al. (2009) to assess the status of degrees in Warlpiri (Pama-Nyungan, Australia). I use Warlpiri data collected following the Beck, et al. survey to argue that Warlpiri gradable predicates do not combine with a degree argument. (Like many other Australian languages, adjectival concepts like big and small are expressed using nouns in Warlpiri (Dixon 1982, Bittner & Hale 1995, among others). I refer to these lexical items as “gradable predicates” in this paper.) This paper represents a first pass at assessing the status of degrees in an Australian language, which have otherwise been unexamined from the point of view of degree semantics. Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-92295 SP - 1 EP - 17 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Brass, Stefan T1 - Range restriction for general formulas N2 - Deductive databases need general formulas in rule bodies, not only conjuctions of literals. This is well known since the work of Lloyd and Topor about extended logic programming. Of course, formulas must be restricted in such a way that they can be effectively evaluated in finite time, and produce only a finite number of new tuples (in each iteration of the TP-operator: the fixpoint can still be infinite). It is also necessary to respect binding restrictions of built-in predicates: many of these predicates can be executed only when certain arguments are ground. Whereas for standard logic programming rules, questions of safety, allowedness, and range-restriction are relatively easy and well understood, the situation for general formulas is a bit more complicated. We give a syntactic analysis of formulas that guarantees the necessary properties. Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41521 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bratkin, Dimitri T1 - Manuscripts, Images, and Biographies of Daniel Chwolson BT - New Details from the Archives of St. Petersburg JF - PaRDES : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e. V. N2 - The St. Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy (PFA RAN) contains two manuscript biographies of Daniel Chwolson, the Russian-Jewish Orientalist, advocate of Jewish scholarship, and bridge builder to the Breslau Jewish Theological Seminary. They were written by his pupil and colleague, Pavel Kokovtsov, and his grandson Yevgeny Chwolson, respectively. These two texts are studied against the background of published texts and popular opinion of Chwolson in late Imperial Russia. Apart from some details, these manuscripts offer limited additional information as factual sources, most of their contents being mere variation of published texts. However, the biography of Chwolson written by his grandson is a valuable source on the reception of Chwolson and illustrates the potential of further mythological appreciation of his personality and works in the Soviet time as a defense strategy for Chwolson’s family. It also contains crucial information on the fate of Chwolson’s archive. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417884 SP - 171 EP - 189 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - INPR A1 - Brauer, Uwe A1 - Karp, Lavi T1 - Local existence of classical solutions for the Einstein-Euler system using weighted Sobolev spaces of fractional order N2 - We prove the existence of a class of local in time solutions, including static solutions, of the Einstein-Euler system. This result is the relativistic generalisation of a similar result for the Euler-Poisson system obtained by Gamblin [8]. As in his case the initial data of the density do not have compact support but fall off at infinity in an appropriate manner. An essential tool in our approach is the construction and use of weighted Sobolev spaces of fractional order. Moreover, these new spaces allow us to improve the regularity conditions for the solutions of evolution equations. The details of this construction, the properties of these spaces and results on elliptic and hyperbolic equations will be presented in a forthcoming article. T3 - Preprint - (2006) 17 Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-30175 ER - TY - INPR A1 - Brauer, Uwe A1 - Karp, Lavi T1 - Well-posedness of Einstein-Euler systems in asymptotically flat spacetimes N2 - We prove a local in time existence and uniqueness theorem of classical solutions of the coupled Einstein{Euler system, and therefore establish the well posedness of this system. We use the condition that the energy density might vanish or tends to zero at infinity and that the pressure is a certain function of the energy density, conditions which are used to describe simplified stellar models. In order to achieve our goals we are enforced, by the complexity of the problem, to deal with these equations in a new type of weighted Sobolev spaces of fractional order. Beside their construction, we develop tools for PDEs and techniques for hyperbolic and elliptic equations in these spaces. The well posedness is obtained in these spaces. T3 - Preprint - (2008) 07 Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-30347 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Braun, Harald T1 - Berlin – New York BT - A Few Observations on Germany in the United Nations T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - Beginning in January 2019, the new German government will face a particular new responsibility for world affairs: provided the elections in June 2018 lead to the desired result, Germany will be an elected member of the UN Security Council for two years from January 2019 until December 2020. However, Germany has been a respected and highly relevant member of the United Nations not only during its terms on the Security Council but also in “normal” times. The present article attempts to shed light on a few aspects of Germany’s role in the UN during Merkel’s chancellorship with an emphasis on her third term (2014-2017), such as the cooperative relationship between Germany and the UN Secretary-General in important policy fields, Germany’s financial contributions to the UN, the impact of Germany’s EU membership on its UN membership and the country’s efforts with regard to the reform of the Security Council. The paper further provides context for Germany’s abstention in the vote on Security Council Resolution 1973 on Libya in 2011. It concludes by ascertaining that Germany with its approach of active multilateralism has taken its place as one of the leading nations in Europe and is ready to take on responsibility with its partners to achieve a peaceful and stable world order. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 11 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-421984 SN - 2509-3770 SN - 2509-3762 IS - 11 ER - TY - INPR A1 - Braun, Robert A1 - Feudel, Fred T1 - Supertransient chaos in the two-dimensional complex Ginzburg-Landau equation N2 - We have shown that the two-dimensional complex Ginzburg-Landau equation exhibits supertransient chaos in a certain parameter range. Using numerical methods this behavior is found near the transition line separating frozen spiral solutions from turbulence. Supertransient chaos seems to be a common phenomenon in extended spatiotemporal systems. These supertransients are characterized by an average transient lifetime which depends exponentially on the size of the system and are due to an underlying nonattracting chaotic set. T3 - NLD Preprints - 29 Y1 - 1996 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-14099 ER - TY - INPR A1 - Braun, Robert A1 - Feudel, Fred A1 - Guzdar, Parvez T1 - The route to chaos for a two-dimensional externally driven flow N2 - We have numerically studied the bifurcations and transition to chaos in a two-dimensional fluid for varying values of the Reynolds number. These investigations have been motivated by experiments in fluids, where an array of vortices was driven by an electromotive force. In these experiments, successive changes leading to a complex motion of the vortices, due to increased forcing, have been explored [Tabeling, Perrin, and Fauve, J. Fluid Mech. 213, 511 (1990)]. We model this experiment by means of two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations with a special external forcing, driving a linear chain of eight counter-rotating vortices, imposing stress-free boundary conditions in the vertical direction and periodic boundary conditions in the horizontal direction. As the strength of the forcing or the Reynolds number is raised, the original stationary vortex array becomes unstable and a complex sequence of bifurcations is observed. Several steady states and periodic branches and a period doubling cascade appear on the route to chaos. For increasing values of the Reynolds number, shear flow develops, for which the spatial scale is large compared to the scale of the forcing. Furthermore, we have investigated the influence of the aspect ratio of the container as well as the effect of no-slip boundary conditions at the top and bottom, on the bifurcation scenario. T3 - NLD Preprints - 46 Y1 - 1998 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-14717 ER - TY - INPR A1 - Braun, Robert A1 - Feudel, Fred A1 - Seehafer, Norbert T1 - Bifurcations and chaos in an array of forced vortices N2 - We have studied the bifurcation structure of the incompressible two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations with a special external forcing driving an array of 8×8 counterrotating vortices. The study has been motivated by recent experiments with thin layers of electrolytes showing, among other things, the formation of large-scale spatial patterns. As the strength of the forcing or the Reynolds number is raised the original stationary vortex array becomes unstable and a complex sequence of bifurcations is observed. The bifurcations lead to several periodic branches, torus and chaotic solutions, and other stationary solutions. Most remarkable is the appearance of solutions characterized by structures on spatial scales large compared to the scale of the forcing. We also characterize the different dynamic regimes by means of tracers injected into the fluid. Stretching rates and Hausdorff dimensions of convected line elements are calculated to quantify the mixing process. It turns out that for time-periodic velocity fields the mixing can be very effective. T3 - NLD Preprints - 37 Y1 - 1997 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-14564 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Breest, Martin A1 - Bouché, Paul A1 - Grund, Martin A1 - Haubrock, Sören A1 - Hüttenrauch, Stefan A1 - Kylau, Uwe A1 - Ploskonos, Anna A1 - Queck, Tobias A1 - Schreiter, Torben T1 - Fundamentals of Service-Oriented Engineering N2 - Since 2002, keywords like service-oriented engineering, service-oriented computing, and service-oriented architecture have been widely used in research, education, and enterprises. These and related terms are often misunderstood or used incorrectly. To correct these misunderstandings, a deeper knowledge of the concepts, the historical backgrounds, and an overview of service-oriented architectures is demanded and given in this paper. T3 - Technische Berichte des Hasso-Plattner-Instituts für Digital Engineering an der Universität Potsdam - 16 Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-33801 SN - 978-3-939469-35-3 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Briesemeister, Benny B. A1 - Hofmann, Markus J. A1 - Kuchinke, Lars A1 - Jacobs, Arthur M. T1 - The BAWL databases in research on emotional word processing JF - Potsdam cognitive science series N2 - Inhalt: Introduction A two-dimensional affective space: Valence and arousal effects in word processing Higher dimensional affective space: a role of discrete emotions in word processing? A direct comparison of the affective space models References Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-62377 SN - 2190-4545 SN - 2190-4553 IS - 3 SP - 61 EP - 66 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brilke, Clara A1 - Werner, Eva ED - Rollinger, Christian T1 - I am not sure that I feel like singing, thanks very much for asking! BT - Interview with Natalie Haynes JF - thersites 12 N2 - In her writings on ancient myth, the British author Natalie Haynes moves women to the centre of attention. Her two latest books, A Thousand Ships and Pandora’s Jar – a fiction novel and a non-fiction one – approach this topic from two different perspectives. This interview takes stock of Haynes’ motives and methodology as well as of the challenges she faces in the process of writing. KW - Women in Ancient Myth KW - Classical Reception KW - Classics in Popular Culture Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.34679/thersites.vol12.189 SN - 2364-7612 VL - 2020 IS - 12 SP - 104 EP - 115 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bringmann, Gerhard A1 - Mutanyatta-Comar, Joan A1 - Maksimenka, Katja A1 - Wanjohi, John M. A1 - Heydenreich, Matthias A1 - Brun, Reto A1 - Müller, Werner E. G. A1 - Peter, Martin A1 - Midiwo, Jacob O. A1 - Yenesew, Abiy T1 - Joziknipholones A and B : the First Dimeric Phenylanthraquinones, from the Roots of Bulbine frutescens N2 - From the roots of the African plant Bulbine frutescens (Asphodelaceae), two unprecedented novel dimeric phenylanthraquinones, named joziknipholones A and B, possessing axial and centrochirality, were isolated, together with six known compounds. Structural elucidation of the new metabolites was achieved by spectroscopic and chiroptical methods, by reductive cleavage of the central bond between the monomeric phenylanthraquinone and -anthrone portions with sodium dithionite, and by quantum chemical CD calculations. Based on the recently revised absolute axial configuration of the parent phenylanthraquinones, knipholone and knipholone anthrone, the new dimers were attributed to possess the P-configuration (i.e., with the acetyl portions below the anthraquinone plane) at both axes in the case of joziknipholone A, whereas in joziknipholone B, the knipholone part was found to be M-configured. Joziknipholones A and B are active against the chloroquine resistant strain K1 of the malaria pathogen, Plasmodium falciparum, and show moderate activity against murine leukemic lymphoma L5178y cells. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 104 KW - antimalarial activity KW - chirality KW - joziknipholones KW - natural products KW - structure elucidation Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-42638 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brodehser, Peter T1 - Quo Vadis Infrastructure Financing? JF - Protokollband 2013 N2 - 1. Introduction 2. The project finance market in 2006/2007 3. Areas affected by the global financial crisis 4. Areas affected by the euro financial crisis 5. Basel III and the consequences for infrastructure financing 6. Outlook – Where do we go from here? Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-68738 SP - 119 EP - 132 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER -