TY - JOUR A1 - Titov, Elena T1 - Accusative Unaccusatives BT - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432515 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 243 EP - 256 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bayer, Josef T1 - On uninterpretable features JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432507 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 231 EP - 241 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Féry, Caroline A1 - Arnhold, Anja T1 - Verum focus and negation JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432356 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 213 EP - 229 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Šimík, Radek T1 - On doubling unconditionals JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432267 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 155 EP - 169 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Gereon T1 - Can unaccusative verbs undergo passivization in German? JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432257 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 135 EP - 154 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Błaszczak, Joanna T1 - Why is a predicate inversion analysis problematic? BT - Insights from existential, locative and possessive constructions JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432240 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 119 EP - 133 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bacskai-Atkari, Julia T1 - Towards a Fanselownian analysis of degree expressions JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432222 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 95 EP - 106 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cavar, Damir T1 - Measuring lexical semantic variation using word embeddings JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432201 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 61 EP - 74 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stiebels, Barbara T1 - Bienenfresserortungsversuch BT - compounding with clause-embedding heads JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431921 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 15 EP - 26 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Olsen, Susan T1 - The instrumental -er suffix JF - Of trees and birds. A Festschrift for Gisbert Fanselow KW - Festschrift KW - Informationsstruktur KW - Linguistik KW - Morphologie KW - Syntax KW - festschrift KW - information structure KW - linguistics KW - morphology KW - syntax Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-430607 SN - 978-3-86956-457-9 SP - 3 EP - 14 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - RPRT A1 - McLachlan, Campbell T1 - The Double-facing Foreign Relations Function of the Executive and Its Self-enforcing Obligation to Comply with International Law T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - How does the international Rule of Law apply to constrain the conduct of the Executive within a constitutional State that adopts a dualist approach to the reception of international law? This paper argues that, so far from being inconsistent with the concept of the Rule of Law, the Executive within a dualist constitution has a self-enforcing obligation to abide by the obligations of the State under international law. This is not dependent on Parliament’s incorporation of treaty obligations into domestic law. It is the correlative consequence of the allocation to the Executive of the power to conduct foreign relations. The paper develops this argument in response to recent debate in the United Kingdom on whether Ministers have an obligation to comply with international law–a reference that the Government removed from the Ministerial Code. It shows that such an obligation is consistent with both four centuries of the practice of the British State and with principle. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 30 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-429088 IS - 30 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Müller, Kai-Uwe A1 - Wrohlich, Katharina T1 - Does subsidized care for toddlers increase maternal labor supply? BT - Evidence from a large-scale expansion of early childcare T2 - CEPA Discussion Papers N2 - Expanding public or publicly subsidized childcare has been a top social policy priority in many industrialized countries. It is supposed to increase fertility, promote children’s development and enhance mothers’ labor market attachment. In this paper, we analyze the causal effect of one of the largest expansions of subsidized childcare for children up to three years among industrialized countries on the employment of mothers in Germany. Identification is based on spatial and temporal variation in the expansion of publicly subsidized childcare triggered by two comprehensive childcare policy reforms. The empirical analysis is based on the German Microcensus that is matched to county level data on childcare availability. Based on our preferred specification which includes time and county fixed effects we find that an increase in childcare slots by one percentage point increases mothers’ labor market participation rate by 0.2 percentage points. The overall increase in employment is explained by the rise in part-time employment with relatively long hours (20-35 hours per week). We do not find a change in full-time employment or lower part-time employment that is causally related to the childcare expansion. The effect is almost entirely driven by mothers with medium-level qualifications. Mothers with low education levels do not profit from this reform calling for a stronger policy focus on particularly disadvantaged groups in coming years. T3 - CEPA Discussion Papers - 9 KW - childcare provision KW - mother’s labor supply KW - generalized difference-in-difference Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427727 SN - 2628-653X IS - 9 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Müller, Kai-Uwe A1 - Neumann, Michael A1 - Wrohlich, Katharina T1 - Labor supply under participation and hours constraints BT - An extended structural model for policy evaluations T2 - CEPA Discussion Papers N2 - The paper extends a static discrete-choice labor supply model by adding participation and hours constraints. We identify restrictions by survey information on the eligibility and search activities of individuals as well as actual and desired hours. This provides for a more robust identification of preferences and constraints. Both, preferences and restrictions are allowed to vary by and are related through observed and unobserved characteristics. We distinguish various restrictions mechanisms: labor demand rationing, working hours norms varying across occupations, and insufficient public childcare on the supply side of the market. The effect of these mechanisms is simulated by relaxing different constraints at a time. We apply the empirical frame- work to evaluate an in-work benefit for low-paid parents in the German institutional context. The benefit is supposed to increase work incentives for secondary earners. Based on the structural model we are able to disentangle behavioral reactions into the pure incentive effect and the limiting impact of constraints at the intensive and extensive margin. We find that the in-work benefit for parents substantially increases working hours of mothers of young children, especially when they have a low education. Simulating the effects of restrictions shows their substantial impact on employment of mothers with young children. T3 - CEPA Discussion Papers - 3 KW - labor supply KW - hours restrictions KW - involuntary unemployment KW - gender Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427656 SN - 2628-653X IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Koch, Anne A1 - Matthias, Ellen A1 - Pollatos, Olga T1 - Increased Attentional Bias towards Food Pictures in Overweight and Obese Children JF - Journal of Child and Adolescent Behavior N2 - Objective: Childhood overweight is related to higher sensitivity for external food cues and less responsiveness towards internal satiety signals. Thus, cognitive psychological models assume an enhanced food attention bias underlying overeating behavior. Nevertheless, this question has only been sparsely investigated so far in younger children and it remains open whether restrained eating behavior plays a correlative role. Methods: The present study investigated this specific information processing bias for food relevant stimuli in 34 overweight children between 6 and 10 years and 34 normal weight children matched for age, sex and socioeconomic status. Children completed a computerized Food Picture Interference task that assessed reaction time interference effects towards high and low calorie food pictures. Level of hunger and restrained eating were assessed via self-report. Results: Results indicated that while finding no group difference in general processing speed or hunger level before the task, overweight children showed a higher attentional bias to food pictures than normal weight children. No effect of caloric density was found. However, surprisingly, the interference effect was negatively related to restrained eating in the overweight group only. Conclusion: The found hypersensitivity for food cues independent of calorie content in overweight children appears to be related to dysfunctional eating, so that future research should consider strategies for attentional retraining. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000130 SN - 2375-4494 VL - 2 IS - 2 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Krieger, Heike T1 - Populist governments and international law T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - The worldwide populist wave has contributed to a perception that international law is currently in a state of crisis. This article examines in how far populist governments have challenged prevailing interpretations of international law. The article links structural features of populism with an analysis of populist governmental strategies and argumentative practices. It demonstrates that, in their rhetoric, populist governments promote an understanding of international law as a mere law of coordination. This is, however, not entirely reflected in their legal practices where an instrumental, cherry-picking approach prevails. The article concludes that policies of populist governments affect the current state of international law on two different levels: In the political sphere their practices alter the general environment in which legal rules are interpreted. In the legal sphere populist governments push for changes in the interpretation of established international legal rules. The article substantiates these propositions by focusing on the principle of nonintervention and foreign funding for NGOs. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 29 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-426863 IS - 29 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - McLachlan, Campbell T1 - The assault on international adjudication and the limits of withdrawal T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - International adjudication is currently under assault, encouraging a number of States to withdraw, or to consider withdrawing, from treaties providing for international dispute settlement. This Working Paper argues that the act of treaty withdrawal is not merely as the unilateral executive exercise of the individual sovereign prerogative of a State. International law places checks upon the exercise of withdrawal, recognising that it is an act that of its nature affects the interests of other States parties, which have a collective interest in constraining withdrawal. National courts have a complementary function in restraining unilateral withdrawal in order to support the domestic constitution. The arguments advanced against international adjudication in the name of popular democracy at the national level can serve as a cloak for the exercise of executive power unrestrained by law. The submission by States of their disputes to peaceful settlement through international adjudication is central, not incidental, to the successful operation of the international legal system. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 28 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-426855 IS - 28 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Grafe, Marianne A1 - Batsios, Petros A1 - Meyer, Irene A1 - Lisin, Daria A1 - Baumann, Otto A1 - Goldberg, Martin W. A1 - Gräf, Ralph T1 - Supramolecular Structures of the Dictyostelium Lamin NE81 T2 - Potsprint der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Nuclear lamins are nucleus-specific intermediate filaments (IF) found at the inner nuclear membrane (INM) of the nuclear envelope (NE). Together with nuclear envelope transmembrane proteins, they form the nuclear lamina and are crucial for gene regulation and mechanical robustness of the nucleus and the whole cell. Recently, we characterized Dictyostelium NE81 as an evolutionarily conserved lamin-like protein, both on the sequence and functional level. Here, we show on the structural level that the Dictyostelium NE81 is also capable of assembling into filaments, just as metazoan lamin filament assemblies. Using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, we show that NE81 expressed in Xenopous oocytes forms filamentous structures with an overall appearance highly reminiscent of Xenopus lamin B2. The in vitro assembly properties of recombinant His-tagged NE81 purified from Dictyostelium extracts are very similar to those of metazoan lamins. Super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) and expansion microscopy (ExM), as well as transmission electron microscopy of negatively stained purified NE81, demonstrated its capability of forming filamentous structures under low-ionic-strength conditions. These results recommend Dictyostelium as a non-mammalian model organism with a well-characterized nuclear envelope involving all relevant protein components known in animal cells. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 682 KW - lamin KW - NE81 KW - Dictyostelium KW - nuclear envelope KW - nuclear lamina KW - expansion microscopy Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-425976 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 682 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Roggeband, Conny T1 - International women’s rights BT - Progress under attack? T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - This paper explores current contestations of women’s rights and the implications thereof for international legislation. While contestation over women’s rights is a far from new phenomenon, over the past two decades opposition to gender equality has become better organized at the transnational level, mobilizing a dispersed set of state and non-state actors, and is becoming more successful in halting the progress of women’s rights. I argue that the position of oppositional actors vis-à-vis women rights activism appears to be strengthened by two recent political developments: democratic backsliding and the closure of civic space. Some preliminary findings show how these interrelated developments lead to an erosion of women’s rights at the national level. Governments use low key tactics to dismantle institutional and implementation arrangements and sideline women’s organisations. Next, I explore the implications of these developments for gender equality norms at the national and international level. The active strategy of counter norming adopted by conservative and religious state and non-state actors, designed to circumvent and also undermine Western norms, is increasingly successful. In addition to this, the threatened position of domestic actors monitoring compliance of international treaties, makes the chances of backsliding on international commitments much higher. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 26 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-423887 SN - 2509-3770 SN - 2509-3762 IS - 26 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - de Wet, Erika T1 - Entrenching international values through positive law BT - The (limited) effect of peremptory norms T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - Underpinning a legal system with certain values and helping to resolve norm conflicts is in domestic legal systems usually achieved through hierarchical superiority of certain norms of a constitutional nature. The present paper examines the question whether jus cogens can discharge this function within the traditionally horizontal and decentralized international legal order. In so doing, it commences with an overview of the historical origins of peremptory norms in legal scholarship, followed by its endorsement by positive law and courts and tribunals. This analysis illustrates that there are lingering uncertainties pertaining to the process of identification of peremptory norms. Even so, the concept has been invoked in State executive practice (although infrequently) and has been endorsed by various courts. However, such invocation thus far has had a limited impact from a legal perspective. It was mainly confined to a strengthened moral appeal and did in particular not facilitate the resolution of norm conflicts. The contribution further suggests that this limited impact results from the fact that the content of peremptory obligations is either very narrow or very vague. This, in turn, implies a lack of consensus amongst States regarding the content (scope) of jus cogens, including the values underlying these norms. As a result, it is questionable whether the construct of jus cogens is able to provide meaningful legal protection against the erosion of legal norms. It is too rudimentary in character to entrench and stabilize core human rights values as the moral foundation of the international legal order. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 25 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-423859 SN - 2509-3770 SN - 2509-3762 IS - 25 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Kleinlein, Thomas T1 - Matters of Interpretation BT - How to Conceptualize and Evaluate Change of Norms and Values in the International Legal Order T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - This article analyses, from a methodological and theoretical perspective, how international legal method deals with change. Section 2 sets the stage, develops a legal perspective on change of norms and values in the international legal order and distinguishes between structural change and norm change. This is followed in sections 3 and 4 by an examination of doctrinal categories that provide techniques to process change in international legal practice. International legal method is equipped with several techniques to process—and to conceptualize and evaluate—change: ‘Formal’ norm change is a matter of the doctrine of sources. International law can also change ‘informally’ through the shifting meaning of norm texts. Both formal and informal change is a matter of interpretation. Therefore, section 5 aims at theorizing interpretive change. It examines the relationship between the sources of law and legal interpretation as categories of change and analyses theoretical perceptions of interpretive change. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 24 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-422871 SN - 2509-3770 SN - 2509-3762 IS - 24 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Kahombo, Balingene T1 - The Peace and Security Council of the African Union BT - Rise or Decline of Collective Security in Africa? T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - This paper assesses, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the work of the Peace and Security Council (PSC) of the African Union (AU) with respect to peace support operations. It seeks to know whether the establishment of the PSC in 2002 is leading or has led to a rise or a decline of collective security in Africa. It is demonstrated that in regard to its relative legal and institutional robustness, the PSC can be perceived as a rise of collective security compared with its predecessor, the Central Organ of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). However, it stagnates in terms of quantity and quality of actions on the ground. The main problem lies in the lack of sufficient operational autonomy from member states and international partners, such as the United Nations. Therefore, the PSC’s contribution to the maintenance of peace and security, and so the rise of the international rule of law in Africa is limited. The continent is still a war-torn region, affected by political crises and the expansion of terrorism in many countries. To solve this problem, AU member states should strengthen the PSC’s capacity, starting with the quick operationalisation of the African Standby Force. The implementation of the 2016 decision on alternative sources of financing AU’s institutions and activities is also a priority. In this regard, the political will of African states that may show that they want to take their organisation more seriously is required. This can further the AU self-reliance policy in collective security though the promotion of African solutions to African problems, and reduce the burden of the United Nations and other non-African actors’ interventions in the continent. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 23 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-422864 SN - 2509-3770 SN - 2509-3762 IS - 23 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Berman, Franklin T1 - Authority in International Law T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - The author discusses the question of authority when determining the content of an international legal rule. Taking Article 38(1)(d) of the ICJ Statute as a point of departure, he determines through meticolous analysis what ranks as judicial decisions as well as teachings within the meaning of the norm. The author then proceeds to a number of factors to determine authoritativeness: objectivity, knowledgeability, depth of analysis, and the presence or otherwise of reasoning and, in particular, the persuasiveness of an opinion. In the case of judicial pronouncements, the author points out that the paradox between Article 59 and Article 38(1)(d) of the ICJ Statute is only an apparent one. While judgments of the Court are binding only between the parties, it is merely the underlying reasoning that can be taken into account in the context of Article 38(1)(d) if considered persuasive. Without central authority, authoritativenes in international law must always be earned which is also the reason for the lack of an hierarchical order between as well as within judicial pronouncements and learned writings though the former are usually more likely to fulfil the criteria of authoritativeness. In both cases, however, previously acquired reputation of a court or even an individual judge as well as of a learned writer can create a presumption of authoritativeness. On a more general level, the author concludes with a call for a more careful differentiation between the determination of law and its application. Putting the issue discussed into perspective, the author argues that situations of law determination arise, contrary to common understanding, in fact far less often than situations of law application. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 22 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-422843 SN - 2509-3770 SN - 2509-3762 IS - 22 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Jorgensen, Malcolm T1 - Equilibrium & Fragmentation in the International Rule of Law BT - The Rising Chinese Geolegal Order T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - Seeming consensus has formed among legal scholars and practitioners that a rising China seeks changes in rules and institutions of international law. Yet, attendant accounts of how such changes may and already do restructure global legal order remain relatively underdeveloped. An observed rise in the international rule of law during immediate post-Cold War years has now been disrupted by a confluence of regional shifts in geopolitical power and contestation of law’s normative foundations by newly empowered states. In these circumstances, advocates for stability and continuity in variations of the “liberal international order” or “rules-based order” have sought to defend the authority and resilience of universally defined international legal norms against various regional challenges to the boundary between law and politics. Yet, as both global power and universal conceptions of law fragment, so too will the presumed equilibrium between international law’s political and normative foundations. Signs of fragmentation are now conspicuously playing out in East and Southeast Asia, where the relative rise of China is amplified by alternative Chinese conceptions of foundations and purposes of global legal order. This working paper introduces the concept of “geolegal power” to describe the competitive logic of a territorially bounded leading state restructuring interpretation and development of legal rules and institutions, which is emerging more explicitly within regional subsystems. Fragmentation of the international rule of law by a rising Chinese “geolegal order” is demonstrated by contested maritime rules in three key areas: freedom of navigation; third-party and judicial settlement; and, territorial claims under UNCLOS. Evidence that China is carving out an effective subsystem of rules designated as “law” in the most consequential of security and geopolitical domains poses a critical challenge to the structure of a unified and universal system of international law. Legal scholars and practitioners must better grasp reconfiguring foundations of international law in order to address rising orders of “geolegal power”, in which the regional meaning and operation of law is no longer reconcilable within the terms of an “international” rule of law. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 21 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-422829 SN - 2509-3770 SN - 2509-3762 EP - 21 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Palchetti, Paolo T1 - International Law and National Perspective in a Time of Globalization BT - The Persistence of a National Identity in Italian Scholarship of International Law T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - The present study aims at identifying the main trends in Italian international legal scholarship from 1990 onward. After a brief appraisal of the current situation within the Italian community of international law scholars, it will first focus on the methods and fields of interest of the most recent scholarship. Then, an attempt at contextualization will be made, by offering a brief overview of some current trends in international legal scholarship outside Italy and comparing these trends with the recent developments in Italian scholarship. In conclusion, it will be argued that, despite the greater fluidity of national identities, the persistence of common features still appears to characterize the Italian scholarship of international law. A long, deeply rooted and culturally rich tradition of studies in international law, the use of the Italian language, the dimension of the community as well as the presence of lively scientific institutions, are factors that, taken together, appear to favor a phenomenon of reproduction and perpetuation of certain common patterns of thought, thereby preserving the existence of a national perspective. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 20 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-422818 SN - 2509-3770 SN - 2509-3762 IS - 20 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Lange, Felix T1 - Challenging the Paris Peace Treaties, State Sovereignty, and Western-Dominated International Law BT - The Multifaceted Genesis of the Jus Cogens Doctrine T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - The genesis of the jus cogens doctrine in international law for long has been associated with a turn to a more value-laden international law after the Second World War promoted by British rapporteurs in the International Law Commission. This paper builds on this narrative but adds two seemingly contradictory story lines. In the 1920s and 1930s German-speaking international legal scholars like Alfred Verdross developed the concept as a tool to renounce the disliked Paris Peace Treaties in the context of more and more aggressive German revision policies. Furthermore, after 1945 Soviet thinkers of the Khrushchev era used jus cogens to criticize Western economic and military integration, while newly independent states regarded the concept as a promising vehicle for distancing themselves from traditional Western international legal notions in the era of decolonization. Hence, instead of embracing a progress narrative, a dark sides-account or a contributionist reading of the history of international law, this paper highlights the multifaceted origins of the jus cogens doctrine. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 19 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-422510 SN - 2509-3770 SN - 2509-3762 IS - 18 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Baade, Björnstjern T1 - Fake News and International Law T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - In light of current efforts at addressing the dangers of fake news, this article will revisit the international law relevant to the phenomenon, in particular the prohibition of intervention, the 1936 International Convention on the Use of Broadcasting in the Cause of Peace, and the 1953 Convention on the International Right of Correction. It will be argued that important lessons can be learned from the League of Nations’ (LON) efforts in the interwar period and the UN’s activities in the immediate post-WWII era, while taking into account the new challenges that arise from modern communication technology. Taking up the LON’s and UN’s distinction between false and distorted news, the international legal framework will be tested, in particular, against the coverage of the 2016 ‘Lisa case’ by Russian Government-funded media. This coverage is widely considered to be fake news aimed at destabilizing Germany’s society and institutions. The article argues that false news can be subject to repressive regulation in a sensible manner. Distorted news, however, will have to be tolerated legally, since prohibitions in this regard would be too prone to abuse. A free and pluralist media, complemented by an appropriate governmental information policy, remains the best answer to fake news in all its forms. Due diligence obligations to fact-check, transparency, and remedies that are effective despite difficulties in attribution, and despite a lack of universal acceptance, could likewise be conducive. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 18 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-422383 SN - 2509-3770 SN - 2509-3762 IS - 18 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Burchardt, Dana T1 - The Functions of Law and Their Challenges BT - The Differentiated Functionality of International Law T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - This paper illustrates the functional and conceptual variances of law in different contexts. Whereas legal actors on the international level might normatively aim for law to have a similar effect to that of domestic law, the way in which international and supranational law can fulfil these potential functions is different. Accordingly, this paper argues that an awareness with regard to the particularities and challenges that the potential functions of law encounter in the international and supranational context is needed. Moreover, it suggests an analytical lens to conceptually frame and locate current developments, offering a broader perspective on, or even an element of explication for, the apparent crisis that law is currently facing on the international and supranational scale. After describing the potential functions of law on an abstract scale and grouping them into analytical categories, the paper uses these categories as a lens in order to assess in which way international law can fulfil these potential functions, where priorities regarding certain functions might differ and where some aspects of these functions are challenged when law is made and applied in the international and supranational sphere. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 17 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-422318 SN - 2509-3770 SN - 2509-3762 IS - 17 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Zivkovic, Velimir T1 - International Rule of Law Through International Investment Law BT - Strengths, Challenges and Opportunities T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - In challenging times for international law, there might be a heightened need for both analysis and prescription. The international rule of law as a connecting thread that goes through the global legal order is a particularly salient topic. By providing a working understanding of the content and contexts of the international rule of law, and by taking the regime of international investment law as a case study, this paper argues that assessing 'rise' or 'decline' motions in this sphere warrants a nuanced approach that should recognise parallel positive and negative developments. Whilst prominent procedural and substantive aspects of international investment law strongly align with the international rule of law requirements, numerous challenges threaten the future existence of the regime and appeal of international rule of law more broadly. At the same time, opportunities exist to adapt the substantive decision-making processes in investor-State disputes so to pursue parallel goals of enhancing rule of law at both international and national levels. Through recognising the specificities of interaction between international and national sphere, arbitrators can further reinvigorate the legitimacy of international rule of law through international investment law - benefitting thus the future of both. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 16 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-422181 SN - 2509-3770 SN - 2509-3762 IS - 16 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Barkholdt, Janina A1 - Kulaga, Julian T1 - Analytical Presentation of the Comments and Observations by States on Draft Article 7, Paragraph 1, of the ILC Draft Articles on Immunity of State Officials From Foreign Criminal Jurisdiction, United Nations General Assembly, Sixth Committee, 2017 T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - During its sessions in 2016 and 2017 the UN International Law Commission (ILC) debated the question whether the immunity of State officials from foreign criminal jurisdiction is subject to exceptions for international crimes and provisionally adopted a Draft Article 7 on immunity ratione materiae. The following analytical presentation classifies and documents the reactions of States to draft article 7, paragraph 1, as they have been expressed in the Sixth (Legal) Committee of the General Assembly in 2017. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 14 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-422128 SN - 2509-3770 SN - 2509-3762 IS - 14 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Braun, Harald T1 - Berlin – New York BT - A Few Observations on Germany in the United Nations T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - Beginning in January 2019, the new German government will face a particular new responsibility for world affairs: provided the elections in June 2018 lead to the desired result, Germany will be an elected member of the UN Security Council for two years from January 2019 until December 2020. However, Germany has been a respected and highly relevant member of the United Nations not only during its terms on the Security Council but also in “normal” times. The present article attempts to shed light on a few aspects of Germany’s role in the UN during Merkel’s chancellorship with an emphasis on her third term (2014-2017), such as the cooperative relationship between Germany and the UN Secretary-General in important policy fields, Germany’s financial contributions to the UN, the impact of Germany’s EU membership on its UN membership and the country’s efforts with regard to the reform of the Security Council. The paper further provides context for Germany’s abstention in the vote on Security Council Resolution 1973 on Libya in 2011. It concludes by ascertaining that Germany with its approach of active multilateralism has taken its place as one of the leading nations in Europe and is ready to take on responsibility with its partners to achieve a peaceful and stable world order. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 11 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-421984 SN - 2509-3770 SN - 2509-3762 IS - 11 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Rajput, Aniruddha T1 - Protection of Foreign Investment in India and International Rule of Law: Rise or Decline? T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - This paper narrates the changes in the Indian policy towards foreign investment and analyses them in the backdrop of overall changes in the field of international law and particularly within the framework of the international rule of law. The policy changes that have taken place in India can be categorised into three periods. The first period commences after independence from colonial rule. This period is intriguing. At the international level, India insisted on national treatment for foreign investment and supported the New International Economic Order. Domestically, however, nationalisation was not pursued, and even when pursued, was not applied to foreign investors. This period continued until the 1990s when India faced serious economic problems and this coincided with the high point of the Washington consensus, often seen as the rise of the international rule of law. During this time, national treatment was abandoned and innumerable investment treaties granting liberal protection were entered into. This process ended abruptly after India lost the first investment case. This turn of events comments the third period, where efforts were made towards balancing between investor protection and conserving regulatory freedom. Although this period may appear to be a decline of the international rule of law, a nuanced approach shows that it is rather a rise. India has not withdrawn from the system of investor protection, as has been done by some other States. This period is characterised by extensive and detailed treaties to replace the prior sketchy treaty provisions. This is a move towards a more rule based investment protection. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 10 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-421970 SN - 2509-3770 SN - 2509-3762 IS - 10 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Arajärvi, Noora T1 - The Rule of Law in the 2030 Agenda T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - The rule of law is the cornerstone of the international legal system. This paper shows, through analysis of intergovernmental instruments, statements made by representatives of States, and negotiation records, that the rule of law at the United Nations has become increasingly contested in the past years. More precisely, the argument builds on the process of integrating the notion of the rule of law into the Sustainable Development Goals, adopted in September 2015 in the document Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The main sections set out the background of the rule of law debate at the UN, the elements of the rule of law at the goal- and target-levels in the 2030 Agenda – especially in the SDG 16 –, and evaluate whether the rule of law in this context may be viewed as a normative and universal foundation of international law. The paper concludes, with reflections drawn from the process leading up to the 2030 Agenda and the final outcome document that the rule of law – or at least strong and precise formulations of the concept – may be in decline in institutional and normative settings. This can be perceived as symptomatic of a broader crisis of the international legal order. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 9 KW - international law KW - rule of law KW - SDGs KW - SDG 16 KW - sustainable development goals KW - Agenda 2030 KW - United Nations KW - OWG Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-421906 SN - 2509-3770 SN - 2509-3762 IS - 9 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Nolte, Georg T1 - The International Law Commission and Community Interests T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - The paper looks at community interests in international law from the perspective of the International Law Commission. As the topics of the Commission are diverse, the outcome of its work is often seen as providing a sense of direction regarding general aspects of international law. After defining what he understands by “community interests”, the author looks at both secondary and primary rules of international law, as they have been articulated by the Commission, as well as their relevance for the recognition and implementation of community interests. The picture which emerges only partly fits the widespread narrative of “from self-interest to community interest”. Whereas the Commission has recognized, or developed, certain primary rules which more fully articulate community interests, it has been reluctant to reformulate secondary rules of international law, with the exception of jus cogens. The Commission has more recently rather insisted that the traditional State-consent-oriented secondary rules concerning the formation of customary international law and regarding the interpretation of treaties continue to be valid in the face of other actors and forms of action which push towards the recognition of more and thicker community interests. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 7 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-421875 SN - 2509-3770 SN - 2509-3762 IS - 7 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Arajärvi, Noora T1 - The Requisite Rigour in the Identification of Customary International Law BT - A Look at the Reports of the Special Rapporteur of the International Law Commission T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - Over the last few decades, the methodology for the identification of customary international law (CIL) has been changing. Both elements of CIL – practice and opinio juris – have assumed novel and broader forms, as noted in the Reports of the Special Rapporteur of the International Law Commission (2013, 2014, 2015, 2016). This paper discusses these Reports and the draft conclusions, and reaction by States in the Sixth Committee of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), highlighting the areas of consensus and contestation. This ties to the analysis of the main doctrinal positions, with special attention being given to the two elements of CIL, and the role of the UNGA resolutions. The underlying motivation is to assess the real or perceived crisis of CIL, and the author develops the broader argument maintaining that in order to retain unity within international law, the internal limits of CIL must be carefully asserted. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 6 KW - international law KW - customary international law KW - United Nations KW - International Law Commission KW - Special Rapporteur KW - state practice KW - opinio juris Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-420742 SN - 2509-3770 SN - 2509-3762 IS - 6 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Krieger, Heike T1 - Rights and Obligations of Third Parties in Armed Conflict T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - This paper will turn into a contribution to a book on community obligations. It focusses on third parties' rights and obligations in armed conflict. It is often said that international law has developed from a legal order which is designed to protect sovereignty to a system which also promotes community interests. This shift is said to be reflected in structural changes of the legal system. The creation of rights and obligations for third parties is generally seen as a part of this perceived paradigmatic shift. Community interests can be furthered either by negative duties of abstention, by an entitlement for third states, or even by duties to take positive measures. Since the shift towards protecting community interests apparently requires some form of cooperation, positive rights and duties to protect and to promote appear to be indispensable. Authors relying on a community perspective often dismiss duties of abstention as an expression of indifference in the face of a violation of a fundamental norm. Solidarity seems to require that third states take a more proactive role in actively enforcing community interests. The paper aims to test this understanding on the basis of an analysis of rights and obligations of third states in armed conflict. In order to argue that duties of abstention of third states are a central instrument for promoting community interests in relation to armed conflicts, the paper will first trace pertinent structural changes in international law. In particular, it will question the extent to which positive rights and obligations of third states have been firmly established in international law. In a second step, this contribution will evaluate the overall tendencies in the ongoing lawmaking process for promoting community interests in relation to armed conflict. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 5 Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-420732 SN - 2509-3770 SN - 2509-3762 IS - 5 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Buser, Andreas T1 - Colonial Injustices and the Law of State Responsibility BT - The CARICOM Claim for Reparations T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - Caribbean States organised in CARICOM recently brought forward reparation claims against several European States to compensate slavery and (native) genocides in the Caribbean and even threatened to approach the International Court of Justice. The paper provides for an analysis of the facts behind the CARICOM claim and asks whether the law of state responsibility is able to provide for the demanded compensation. As the intertemporal principle generally prohibits retroactive application of today’s international rules, the paper argues that the complete claim must be based on the law of state responsibility governing in the time of the respective conduct. An inquiry into the history of primary (prohibition of slavery and genocide) as well as secondary rules of State responsibility reveals that both sets of rules were underdeveloped or non-existent at the times of slavery and alleged (native) genocides. Therefore, the author concludes that the CARICOM claim is legally flawed but nevertheless worth the attention as it once again exposes imperial and colonial injustices of the past and their legitimization by historical international law and international/natural lawyers. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 4 KW - CARICOM KW - Colonialism KW - Law of State Responsibility KW - Compensation KW - Reparation KW - Caribbean KW - International Court of Justice Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-420541 SN - 2509-3770 SN - 2509-3762 IS - 4 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Kahombo, Balingene T1 - Africa Within the Justice System of the International Criminal Court BT - The Need for a Reform T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - This article re-examines the relationship between Africa and the International Criminal Court (ICC). It traces the successive changes of the African attitude towards this Court, from states' euphoria, to hostility against its work, to regional counter-initiatives through the umbrella of the African Union (AU). The main argument goes beyond the idea of "the Court that Africa wants" in order to identify concrete reasons behind such a formal argument which may have fostered, if not enticed, the majority of African states to become ICC members and actively cooperate with it, when paradoxically some great powers have decided to stay outside its jurisdiction. It also seeks to understand, from a political and legal viewpoint, which parameters have changed since then to provoke that hostile attitude against the Court's work and the entrance of the AU into the debate through the African Common Position on the ICC. Lastly, this article explores African alternatives to the contested ICC justice system. It examines the need to reform the Rome Statute in order to give more independence, credibility and legitimacy to the ICC and its duplication to some extent by the new "Criminal Court of the African Union". Particular attention is paid to the resistance against this idea to reform the ICC justice system. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 2 Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-419537 SN - 2509-3770 SN - 2509-3762 IS - 2 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Krieger, Heike A1 - Nolte, Georg T1 - The International Rule of Law – Rise or Decline? BT - Points of Departure T2 - KFG Working Paper Series N2 - The paper undertakes a preliminary assessment of current developments of international law for the purpose of mapping the ground for a larger research project. The research project pursues the goal of determining whether public international law, as it has developed since the end of the Cold War, is continuing its progressive move towards a more human-rights- and multi-actor-oriented order, or whether we are seeing a renewed emphasis of more classical elements of international law. In this context the term “international rule of law” is chosen to designate the more recent and “thicker” understanding of international law. The paper discusses how it can be determined whether this form of international law continues to unfold, and whether we are witnessing challenges to this order which could give rise to more fundamental reassessments. T3 - KFG Working Paper Series - 1 Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-419528 SN - 2509-3770 SN - 2509-3762 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Casas, Vicente Durán T1 - Immanuel Kant, Alexander von Humboldt and the Tequendama Fall BT - Two Prussians linked by Geography JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies N2 - Immanuel Kant mentions in his Physical Geography the waterfall of the Bogotá River in South America, known today as the Salto de Tequendama, which is located near Bogotá, the capital city of Colombia. Kant claims that this was the highest waterfall in the world, which is not true. Alexander von Humboldt could not know anything about it, but he visited the Salto in 1801, just before the publication of Kant‘s Physical Geography, and went to personally measure the height of the Salto. In this paper we make a comparison of both personalities who, unknowingly, were united by their interest in the Salto de Tequendama. N2 - Immanuel Kant menciona en su Geografía Física la cascada del Río Bogotá en América del Sur, conocida hoy como el Salto de Tequendama, que se encuentra cerca de Bogotá, la capital de Colombia. Aquí Kant afirma que esa era la caída de agua más alta del mundo, lo cual no es cierto. Alexander von Humboldt no podía saber nada de eso, pero visitó el Salto en 1801, justo antes de la publicación de la Geografía Física de Kant, y fue a medir personalmente la altura del Salto. En este escrito hacemos una comparación de ambas personalidades que, sin saberlo, estuvieron unidas por su interés por el Salto de Tequendama. N2 - Immanuel Kant erwähnt in seiner Physischen Geographie den Wasserfall vom Rio Bogotá in Südamerika, der als Salto del Tequendama bekannt ist und in der Nähe der Hauptstadt Kolumbiens, in Bogotá, liegt. Dabei behauptet Kant er sei der Höchste Wasserfall der Welt, was nicht stimmt. Alexander von Humboldt dürfte von Kants Behauptung nichts wissen aber besuchte den Salto 1801, kurz bevor Kants Physische Geographie veröffentlicht wurde; er ging hin um die Höche von Salto zu messen. In diesem Aufsatz werden beide Persönlichkeiten verglichen, da sie durch diesen Wasserfall verbunden wurden ohne es zu wissen. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-419404 SN - 1617-5239 SN - 2568-3543 VL - XIX IS - 36 SP - 35 EP - 46 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Andress, Reinhard T1 - Eduard Dorsch and his unpublished poem on the occasion of Humboldt’s 100th birthday JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies N2 - In 1869, the German-American medical doctor and poet, Eduard Dorsch, wrote a poem read in Detroit on the occasion of Humboldt’s 100th birthday. This article publishes the poem for the first time and explores its context within the life and times of its author. N2 - En el año 1869, el médico y poeta germanoamericano escribió un poema ocasional leído con motivo del 100º cumpleaños de Humboldt. Este artículo publica el poema por primera vez y explora su contexto en la vida y el tiempo del autor. N2 - Im Jahre 1869 schrieb der deutsch-amerikanische Arzt und Dichter Eduard Dorsch ein Gelegenheitsgedicht, das anlässlich von Humboldts 100. Geburtstag in Detroit vorgelesen wurde. Dieser Artikel veröffentlicht das Gedicht zum ersten Mal und erforscht dessen Kontext im Leben und in der Zeit des Autors. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-419398 SN - 1617-5239 SN - 2568-3543 VL - XIX IS - 36 SP - 17 EP - 34 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Päßler, Ulrich T1 - Plantae des États-Unis BT - Rediscovered Pages from Alexander von Humboldt’s United States Diary JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies N2 - Ein jüngst im Nachlass Alexander von Humboldts aufgefundenes Manuskript enthält Aufzeichnungen über seinen Aufenthalt in den USA im Jahr 1804. Auf nur vier Seiten finden sich Notizen über Gespräche mit Präsident Thomas Jefferson und dem Botaniker G. H. E. Mühlenberg, Angaben über Nutz- und Heilpflanzen, eine Auflistung nordamerikanischer Naturforscher sowie Informationen über Verbraucherpreise. N2 - A recently discovered manuscript sheds a new light on Alexander von Humboldt’s stay in the USA in 1804. The document contains his notes on conversations with President Thomas Jefferson and botanist G. H. E. Mühlenberg. Humboldt also collected information on useful and medicinal plants, listed North American naturalists and documented consumer prices. N2 - Un manuscrit découvert récemment jette un nouvel éclairage sur le séjour d’Alexander von Humboldt aux États-Unis en 1804. Le document contient ses notes sur des conversations avec le président Thomas Jefferson et le botaniste G. H. E. Mühlenberg, des informations sur les plantes utiles et médicinales, une liste de naturalistes nord-américains et des informations sur des prix à la consommation. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-419242 SN - 1617-5239 SN - 2568-3543 VL - XVIII IS - 35 SP - 5 EP - 12 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ariel, Yaakov S. T1 - Ismar Schorsch: Leopold Zunz. Creativity in Adversity / [rezensiert von] Yaakov Ariel JF - PaRDES : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e. V. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417918 SP - 239 EP - 241 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stair, Rose T1 - Gershom Scholem’s Critical Appropriation of Wissenschaft des Judentums and the Necessary Fiction of Historical Objectivity JF - PaRDES : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e. V. N2 - Gershom Scholem (1897–1982) portrayed modern Zionist historical scholarship as both a rejection and a corrective fulfillment of earlier eras of Wissenschaft des Judentums. Through attacks on his scholarly predecessors, Scholem detailed his vision for the potential of this renaissance of Wissenschaft to entail both objective research and a commitment to treating Judaism as a “living organism,” an approach that would ultimately ensure the scholarship could deliver value to the Jewish community. This article will explore the tensions that arise from Scholem’s commitments, his occasional admissions of these tensions, and his attempts to overcome them. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417902 SP - 217 EP - 236 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sax, Benjamin E. T1 - Wissenschaft and Jewish Thought BT - Ismar Elbogen’s Early Influence on Franz Rosenzweig JF - PaRDES : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e. V. N2 - Ismar Elbogen (1874–1943) and Franz Rosenzweig (1886-1929) were both pioneers in Jewish thought and culture. Elbogen authored the most comprehensive study on Jewish liturgy, while Rosenzweig’s magnum opus The Star of Redemption has emerged as one of the twentieth century’s most innovative and elusive works of Jewish thought. Even though Rosenzweig is not known for his work on or appreciation for the Wissenschaft des Judentums, this article will explore this overlooked aspect of his thought by exploring the influence of Ismar Elbogen. Commentaries to Rosenzweig’s views on prayer are numerous, yet none mention the work of Elbogen. This is a problem. By comparing Elbogen’s work on Jewish liturgy with Rosenzweig’s writings on prayer in the Star, we are able to demonstrate how methods seminal to the Wissenschaft des Judentums helped articulate several of Rosenzweig’s most innovative contributions to Jewish thought. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417891 SP - 191 EP - 215 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bratkin, Dimitri T1 - Manuscripts, Images, and Biographies of Daniel Chwolson BT - New Details from the Archives of St. Petersburg JF - PaRDES : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e. V. N2 - The St. Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy (PFA RAN) contains two manuscript biographies of Daniel Chwolson, the Russian-Jewish Orientalist, advocate of Jewish scholarship, and bridge builder to the Breslau Jewish Theological Seminary. They were written by his pupil and colleague, Pavel Kokovtsov, and his grandson Yevgeny Chwolson, respectively. These two texts are studied against the background of published texts and popular opinion of Chwolson in late Imperial Russia. Apart from some details, these manuscripts offer limited additional information as factual sources, most of their contents being mere variation of published texts. However, the biography of Chwolson written by his grandson is a valuable source on the reception of Chwolson and illustrates the potential of further mythological appreciation of his personality and works in the Soviet time as a defense strategy for Chwolson’s family. It also contains crucial information on the fate of Chwolson’s archive. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417884 SP - 171 EP - 189 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thulin, Mirjam T1 - Generations of Wissenschaft des Judentums BT - The Correspondence Between David Kaufmann and Leopold Zunz JF - PaRDES : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e. V. N2 - Due to the lack of acceptance of Wissenschaft des Judentums in academia, modern Jewish scholarship in the nineteenth century organized itself along networks of institutions such as rabbinical seminaries, contacts with related disciplines like Oriental Studies, and personal relationships. This last pathway of communication was essential for the cohesion of modern Jewish scholarship. Therefore, my essay portrays the correspondence between David Kaufmann and Leopold Zunz as an example of this channel of communication. By analyzing the exchange of letters and personal encounters between the two scholars, particular attention will be paid to the following questions: How were the letters transmitted until today? What were the main topics of the correspondence between these representatives of two generations of Wissenschaft des Judentums? Which were the positions of Kaufmann and Zunz towards the present and future of modern Jewish scholarship? How did Kaufmann become the first biographer of Zunz? Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417877 SP - 145 EP - 169 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kessler, Samuel J. T1 - Rediscovering the Study of Spanish Kabbalism in Wissenschaft des Judentums BT - Adolf Jellinek in Leipzig, 1842–1856 JF - PaRDES : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e. V. N2 - This article examines the works of Adolf Jellinek (1821–1893) on the history of mysticism and the Kabbalah, which were written during his fourteen-year residence in Leipzig. It argues that studying the Spanish Kabbalists allowed Jellinek to work through ideas concerning the development of Jewish theology and the interplay of Jewish and non-Jewish philosophical perspectives. The article briefly describes Jellinek’s early education and attraction to Leipzig; his first writings on Kabbalah; and concludes with an analysis of his larger philological and genealogical projects on the authorship and literary background of the Zohar. Though Jellinek’s later prominence as a rabbi and preacher in Vienna has had the tendency to obscure his years in Leipzig, it was Jellinek’s work in Saxony that laid the groundwork for most of his subsequent scholarship on Jewish mysticism. This article is a brief introduction to this research and one more step toward revealing the still too often forgotten Wissenschaft interest in the history of Jewish mysticism. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417828 SP - 125 EP - 144 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Solomon, Esther T1 - Rabbi Dessler’s View of Secular Studies and Wissenschaft des Judentums JF - PaRDES : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e. V. N2 - Rabbi Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler (1892–1953) is often portrayed as antagonistic to secular studies. However, his writings show more of an intellectual hierarchy that places Torah wisdom at the top and all other wisdom a distant second. R. Dessler expended great effort promoting Torah scholarship while generally refraining from disparaging secular studies. Looking at the writings of his predecessors in the Mussar (moralist) movement, one can see that there was no disapproval of worldly education there, either: In fact, R. Dessler and his predecessors were well-educated in many secular disciplines. This essay looks to places R. Dessler’s attitude toward Wissenschaft des Judentums within the context of his life’s mission to advance talmudic study and his consequent unwillingness to countenance anything that detracted from furthering the learning of Torah. I argue that, whereas his extreme opposition to Wissenschaft was the result of his aversion to its aims, methods and conclusions, his nuanced relationship to Orthodox Wissenschaft was the result of the hierarchy through which he viewed secular as opposed to talmudic study. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417810 SP - 103 EP - 124 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yedidya, Asaf T1 - Enlisted History BT - Zeev Jawitz (1847–1924) and the Making of a National Orthodox Wissenschaft des Judentums JF - PaRDES : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e. V. N2 - Zeev Jawitz (1847–1924) was active in all spheres of culture: history, language, literature and pedagogy, all the while striving for harmonization with the Orthodox outlook. He understood that a people returning to its homeland needed a national culture, one that was both broad and deep, and that the narrow world of the Halakhah would no longer suffice. His main work was the multi-volume Toldot Israel (History of Israel, published 1895–1924) which encompasses Jewish history from its beginning – Patriarchs – until the end of the 19th century. His historical writing, with its emphasis on internal religious Jewish sources, the unity and continuity of Jewish history, and respect of Orthodox principles, comes as an alternative to the historiography of the celebrated historian Heinrich Graetz. The alternative that Jawitz tried to substitute for Wissenschaft des Judentums, was influenced not only by Orthodox ideology, which he supported, but also by his nationalist ideology. He saw himself and his disciples as the “priests of memory,” presenting the true and immanent history and character of the Jewish nation as a platform to the Jewish future in the land of Israel. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417808 SP - 79 EP - 101 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sariel, Eliezer T1 - A Historian from the World of Torah BT - The Historiographical Approach of Rabbi Yitzhak Isaac Halevy Rabinowitz (1847–1914) JF - PaRDES : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e. V. N2 - The article examines the work of Rabbi Yitzhak Isaac Halevy, arguably the most significant Orthodox response to the Wissenschaft des Judentums school of historiography. Halevy himself exemplified the Orthodox struggle against Wissenschaft, yet his work expressed a commitment to modern historiographical discipline that suggested an internalization of some of the very same premises adopted by Wissenschaft. While criticizing the representatives of Wissenschaft, Halevy was, at the same time, fighting for the internalization of its innovative characteristics into Orthodox society. He saw himself as a leader of a movement working towards the development of Orthodox Jewish studies and his application of modern historiographic principles from an Orthodox worldview as creating critical Orthodox historiography. Halevy’s approach promotes an understanding of Orthodoxy as a complex phenomenon, of which the struggle against modern secularization is just one of many characteristics. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417799 SP - 47 EP - 77 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brodt, Eliezer T1 - Mattityahu Strashun (1817–1885) and His Relationship with the Early Founders of Wissenschaft des Judentums JF - PaRDES : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e. V. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417788 SP - 27 EP - 45 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meyer, Michael A. A1 - Schorsch, Ismar T1 - “Zunz and Steinschneider Would Be Astonished – and Reassured” BT - Two Senior Scholars of Wissenschaft Reflect on Its 200th Anniversary JF - PaRDES : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e. V. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-417770 SP - 19 EP - 23 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tillmann, Alexander A1 - Krömker, Detlef A1 - Horn, Florian A1 - Gattinger, Thorsten T1 - Analysing & Predicting Students Performance in an Introductory Computer Science Course JF - Commentarii informaticae didacticae N2 - Students of computer science studies enter university education with very different competencies, experience and knowledge. 145 datasets collected of freshmen computer science students by learning management systems in relation to exam outcomes and learning dispositions data (e. g. student dispositions, previous experiences and attitudes measured through self-reported surveys) has been exploited to identify indicators as predictors of academic success and hence make effective interventions to deal with an extremely heterogeneous group of students. KW - Blended learning KW - heterogeneity KW - Learning analytics KW - Learning dispositions KW - Dispositional learning analytics KW - Formative assessment Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-416307 IS - 12 SP - 29 EP - 45 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Schuster, Isabell T1 - Prevalence and Predictors of Sexual Aggression Victimization and Perpetration in Chile and Turkey T1 - Prävalenz und Prädiktoren sexueller Viktimisierung und Ausübung sexueller Aggression in Chile und der Türkei BT - A Cross-Cultural Analysis BT - Eine kulturübergreifende Analyse N2 - Background: Although sexual aggression is recognized as a serious issue worldwide, the current knowledge base is primarily built on evidence from Western countries, particularly the U.S. For the present doctoral research, Chile and Turkey were selected based on theoretical considerations to examine the prevalence as well as predictors of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration. The first aim of this research project was to systematically review the available evidence provided by past studies on this topic within each country. The second aim was to empirically study the prevalence of experiencing and engaging in sexual aggression since the age of consent among college students in Chile and Turkey. The third aim was to conduct cross-cultural analyses examining pathways to victimization and perpetration based on a two-wave longitudinal design. Methods: This research adopted a gender-inclusive approach by considering men and women in both victim and perpetrator roles. For the systematic reviews, multiple-stage literature searches were performed, and based on a predefined set of eligibility criteria, 28 studies in Chile and 56 studies in Turkey were identified for inclusion. A two-wave longitudinal study was conducted to examine the prevalence and predictors of sexual aggression among male and female college students in Chile and Turkey. Self-reports of victimization and perpetration were assessed with a Chilean Spanish or Turkish version of the Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale. Two path models were conceptualized in which participants’ risky sexual scripts for consensual sex, risky sexual behavior, sexual self-esteem, sexual assertiveness, and religiosity were assessed at T1 and used as predictors of sexual aggression victimization and perpetration at T2 in the following 12 months, mediated through past victimization or perpetration, respectively. The models differed in that sexual assertiveness was expected to serve different functions for victimization (refusal assertiveness negatively linked to victimization) and perpetration (initiation assertiveness positively linked to perpetration). Results: Both systematic reviews revealed that victimization was addressed by all included studies, but data on perpetration was severely limited. A great heterogeneity not only in victimization rates but also in predictors was found, which may be attributed to a lack of conceptual and methodological consistency across studies. The empirical analysis of the prevalence of sexual aggression in Chile revealed a victimization rate of 51.9% for women and 48.0% for men, and a perpetration rate of 26.8% for men and 16.5% for women. In the Turkish original data, victimization was reported by 77.6% of women and 65.5% of men, whereas, again, lower rates were found for perpetration, with 28.9% of men and 14.2% of women reporting at least one incident. The cross-cultural analyses showed, as expected, that risky sexual scripts informed risky sexual behavior, and thereby indirectly increased the likelihood of victimization and perpetration at T2 in both samples. More risky sexual scripts were also linked to lower levels of refusal assertiveness in both samples, indirectly increasing the vulnerability to victimization at T2. High sexual self-esteem decreased the probability of victimization at T2 through higher refusal assertiveness as well as through less risky sexual behavior also in both samples, whereas it increased the odds of perpetration at T2 via higher initiation assertiveness in the Turkish sample only. Furthermore, high religiosity decreased the odds of perpetration and victimization at T2 through less risky sexual scripts and less risky sexual behavior in both samples. It reduced the vulnerability to victimization through less risky sexual scripts and higher refusal assertiveness in the Chilean sample only. In the Turkish sample only, it increased the odds of perpetration and victimization through lower sexual self-esteem. Conclusions: The findings showed that sexual aggression is a widespread problem in both Chile and Turkey, contributing cross-cultural evidence to the international knowledge base and indicating the clear need for implementing policy measures and prevention strategies in each country. Based on the results of the prospective analyses, concrete implications for intervention efforts are discussed. N2 - Hintergrund: Obwohl sexuelle Aggression als ein ernstzunehmendes Problem weltweit angesehen wird, stützt sich die gegenwärtige Datenlage in erster Linie auf Evidenz westlicher Staaten. Für die vorliegende Arbeit wurden die Länder Chile und Türkei anhand theoretischer Überlegungen ausgewählt, um sowohl die Prävalenz als auch Prädiktoren sexueller Aggression zu untersuchen. Das erste Ziel bestand darin, die Ergebnisse früherer Studien zu sexueller Aggression in jedem Land systematisch zu betrachten. Das zweite Ziel war, die Prävalenz von Viktimisierung und Ausübung sexueller Aggression seit dem Schutzalter unter Studierenden in Chile und der Türkei empirisch zu untersuchen. Das dritte Ziel war schließlich die Durchführung von interkulturellen Analysen, um Pfade zu Viktimisierung und Ausübung anhand eines längsschnittlichen Designs zu überprüfen. Methode: Es wurde ein geschlechterinklusiver Ansatz verfolgt, wobei Männer und Frauen sowohl als potentielle Opfer als auch Täter*innen betrachtet wurden. Für die systematischen Reviews wurden mehrstufige Literaturrecherchen durchgeführt. Basierend auf einem vordefinierten Satz an Auswahlkriterien wurden insgesamt 28 Studien für Chile und 56 Studien für die Türkei identifiziert. Weiterhin wurde eine Längsschnittstudie mit zwei Messzeitpunkten durchgeführt, um sowohl die Prävalenz als auch Prädiktoren sexueller Aggression unter Studierenden in Chile und der Türkei zu untersuchen. Selbstberichte über Viktimisierung und Ausübung sexueller Aggression wurden mittels einer spanischen bzw. türkischen Version der Sexual Aggression and Victimization Scale erhoben. Zwei Pfadmodelle wurden konzipiert, in denen riskante Skripts für konsensuelle Sexualkontakte, riskantes Sexualverhalten, sexuelles Selbstwertgefühl, sexuelle Assertivität und Religiosität zu T1 erfasst wurden und als Prädiktoren für Viktimisierung und Ausübung sexueller Aggression in den folgenden 12 Monaten (T2) verwendet wurden, jeweils mediiert durch vergangene Viktimisierung bzw. Ausübung sexueller Aggression. Die Modelle unterschieden sich darin, dass für sexuelle Assertivität unterschiedliche Funktionen für Viktimisierung (Ablehnungsassertivität negativ mit Viktimisierung assoziiert) und Ausübung sexueller Aggression (Initiierungsassertivität positiv mit Ausübung assoziiert) angenommen wurden. Ergebnisse: Die beiden Reviews zeigten, dass Viktimisierung von allen berücksichtigten Studien untersucht wurde, wohingegen kaum Daten zur Ausübung von sexueller Aggression vorlagen. Eine große Heterogenität wurde bei den Viktimisierungsraten, aber auch bei den Prädiktoren festgestellt, was vor allem auf mangelnde konzeptionelle und methodische Konsistenz zwischen den Studien zurückgeführt werden kann. In Bezug auf die Originaldaten zur Prävalenz in Chile zeigte sich, dass 51.9% der Frauen und 48.0% der Männer Viktimisierung angaben. Die Prävalenzraten zur Ausübung lagen bei 26.8% unter Männern und 16.5% unter Frauen. In den türkischen Originaldaten wurde Viktimisierung von 77.6% der Frauen und 65.5% der Männer berichtet. Niedigere Raten wurden erneut für die Ausübung gefunden: 28.9% der Männer und 14.2% der Frauen in der Türkei gaben mindestens einen sexuell aggressiven Übergriff an. Die interkulturellen Analysen zeigten, dass riskante sexuelle Skripts mit einem riskanteren Sexualverhalten assoziiert waren und dadurch indirekt die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Viktimisierung und Ausübung zu T2 in beiden Stichproben erhöhten. Riskantere sexuelle Skripts waren weiterhin mit einer geringeren Ablehnungsassertivität in beiden Stichproben assoziiert, was die Vulnerabilität für Viktimisierung zu T2 indirekt erhöhte. Höheres sexuelles Selbstwertgefühl verringerte die Wahrscheinlichkeit sexueller Viktimisierung zu T2 durch eine höhere Ablehnungsassertivität sowie durch weniger riskantes Sexualverhalten in beiden Stichproben, wohingegen die Wahrscheinlichkeit für Ausübung zu T2 durch eine höhere Initiierungsassertivität größer wurde, allerdings nur in der türkischen Stichprobe. Darüber hinaus verminderte höhere Religiosität die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Viktimisierung und Ausübung zu T2 über weniger riskante sexuelle Skripts und weniger riskantes Sexualverhalten in beiden Stichproben. In der chilenischen Stichprobe wurde die Vulnerabilität für Viktimisierung durch weniger riskante sexuelle Skripts und höhere Ablehnungsassertivität verringert. Hingegen erhöhte sich in der türkischen Stichprobe die Wahrscheinlichkeit für Viktimisierung und Ausübung durch ein niedrigeres sexuelles Selbstwertgefühl. Konklusion: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sexuelle Aggression sowohl in Chile als auch in der Türkei ein weit verbreitetes Problem darstellt. Sie bereichern die internationale Wissensbasis mit interkultureller Evidenz und weisen auf die Notwendigkeit hin, politische Maßnahmen und Präventionsstrategien zu implementieren. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen der prospektiven Analysen werden konkrete Implikationen für Interventionsstrategien diskutiert. KW - Sexual Aggression KW - Prevalence KW - Risk and Vulnerability Factors KW - Chile KW - Turkey KW - Sexuelle Aggression KW - Prävalenz KW - Risiko- und Vulnerabilitätsfaktoren KW - Chile KW - Türkei Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413897 ER - TY - THES A1 - Behrens, Ricarda T1 - Causes for slow weathering and erosion in the steep, warm, monsoon-subjected Highlands of Sri Lanka T1 - Ursache von langsamer Verwitterung und Erosion im steilen, warmen und Monsun-beeinflussten Hochland von Sri Lanka N2 - In the Highlands of Sri Lanka, erosion and chemical weathering rates are among the lowest for global mountain denudation. In this tropical humid setting, highly weathered deep saprolite profiles have developed from high-grade metamorphic charnockite during spheroidal weathering of the bedrock. The spheroidal weathering produces rounded corestones and spalled rindlets at the rock-saprolite interface. I used detailed textural, mineralogical, chemical, and electron-microscopic (SEM, FIB, TEM) analyses to identify the factors limiting the rate of weathering front advance in the profile, the sequence of weathering reactions, and the underlying mechanisms. The first mineral attacked by weathering was found to be pyroxene initiated by in situ Fe oxidation, followed by in situ biotite oxidation. Bulk dissolution of the primary minerals is best described with a dissolution – re-precipitation process, as no chemical gradients towards the mineral surface and sharp structural boundaries are observed at the nm scale. Only the local oxidation in pyroxene and biotite is better described with an ion by ion process. The first secondary phases are oxides and amorphous precipitates from which secondary minerals (mainly smectite and kaolinite) form. Only for biotite direct solid state transformation to kaolinite is likely. The initial oxidation of pyroxene and biotite takes place in locally restricted areas and is relatively fast: log J = -11 molmin/(m2 s). However, calculated corestone-scale mineral oxidation rates are comparable to corestone-scale mineral dissolution rates: log R = -13 molpx/(m2 s) and log R = -15 molbt/(m2 s). The oxidation reaction results in a volume increase. Volumetric calculations suggest that this observed oxidation leads to the generation of porosity due to the formation of micro-fractures in the minerals and the bedrock allowing for fluid transport and subsequent dissolution of plagioclase. At the scale of the corestone, this fracture reaction is responsible for the larger fractures that lead to spheroidal weathering and to the formation of rindlets. Since these fractures have their origin from the initial oxidational induced volume increase, oxidation is the rate limiting parameter for weathering to take place. The ensuing plagioclase weathering leads to formation of high secondary porosity in the corestone over a distance of only a few cm and eventually to the final disaggregation of bedrock to saprolite. As oxidation is the first weathering reaction, the supply of O2 is a rate-limiting factor for chemical weathering. Hence, the supply of O2 and its consumption at depth connects processes at the weathering front with erosion at the surface in a feedback mechanism. The strength of the feedback depends on the relative weight of advective versus diffusive transport of O2 through the weathering profile. The feedback will be stronger with dominating diffusive transport. The low weathering rate ultimately depends on the transport of O2 through the whole regolith, and on lithological factors such as low bedrock porosity and the amount of Fe-bearing primary minerals. In this regard the low-porosity charnockite with its low content of Fe(II) bearing minerals impedes fast weathering reactions. Fresh weatherable surfaces are a pre-requisite for chemical weathering. However, in the case of the charnockite found in the Sri Lankan Highlands, the only process that generates these surfaces is the fracturing induced by oxidation. Tectonic quiescence in this region and low pre-anthropogenic erosion rate (attributed to a dense vegetation cover) minimize the rejuvenation of the thick and cohesive regolith column, and lowers weathering through the feedback with erosion. N2 - Erosions- und chemische Verwitterungsraten im srilankischen Hochland gehören zu den langsamsten der globalen Gebirgsdenudationsraten. In diesem tropischen, humiden Gebiet entwickelten sich mächtige Verwitterungsprofile – sogenannte Saprolite – auf spheroidal verwittertem, hochgradig metamorphen Charnockit. Spheroidale Verwitterung führt zu abgerundeten „corestones“ mit abgesplitterten Rinden („rindlets“) an der Gesteins – Saprolit Grenze. Zur Identifizierung der ratenlimitierenden Faktoren des Fortschreiten der Verwitterungsfront, der Sequenz der Verwitterungsreaktionen und der dahinterliegenden Mechanismen nutzte ich detaillierte gesteinsstrukturelle, mineralogische, chemische und elektronenmikroskopische (SEM, FIB, TEM) Analysemethoden. Die initiale Verwitterung beginnt mit lokal begrenzter in situ Oxidation in Pyroxen, gefolgt von in situ Oxidation von Biotit. Die Auflösung der Minerale wird am besten durch einen Auflöse – Wiederausfällungs-prozess beschrieben, da zur Mineralgrenze hin keine chemischen Gradienten, dafür aber auf der nm-Skala scharfe strukturelle Grenzen zu beobachten sind. Die ersten ausfallenden Sekundärphasen sind Oxide und amorphe Phasen aus denen sich Sekundärmineral (hauptsächlich Smectit und Kaolinit) bilden. Für Biotit ist auch eine direkte Umwandlung im Festzustand zu Kaolinit möglich. Die initiale Pyroxen- und Biotitoxidation ist relativ schnell: log J = -11 molmin/(m2 s). Berechnete Oxidationsraten auf der corestone-Skala (cm) sind vergleichbar zu Auflöseraten auf derselben Skala: log R = -13 molpx/(m2 s) und log R = -15 molbt/(m2 s). Volumetrische Berechnungen führen zum Schluss, dass die Oxidation mit einhergehender Volumenzunahme zur Entwicklung von Mikrofrakturen in den Mineralen und dem Gesamtgestein führt. Diese begünstigen Fluidtransport und damit einhergehende Plagioklasverwitterung. Des Weiteren ist diese Oxidationsreaktion verantwortlich für die Entstehung der Frakturen bei spheroidaler Verwitterung des Gesteins, welche die „rindlets“ vom „corestone“ abgrenzen. Daraus kann geschlossen werden, dass in situ Oxidation der ratenlimitierende Prozess bei der Verwitterung ist. Plagioklasverwitterung führt zu einer hohen Porositätszunahme und der endgültigen Umwandlung von Gestein zu Saprolit. Da Oxidation die erste Verwitterungsreaktion ist, verbinden die Zuführung und der Verbrauch von O2 zur, beziehungsweise an die Verwitterungsfront Erosion an der Oberfläche mit Prozessen an der Verwitterungsfront über einen Feedbackmechanismus. Daher hängt die langsame Verwitterungsrate letztlich vom Sauerstofftransport durch das Verwitterungsprofil und von lithologischen Faktoren des Charnockit wie zum Beispiel geringe Gesteinsporosität und/oder wenige Fe(II)-haltige Primärminerale ab. Des Weiteren ist der einzige Prozess im Charnockit der frische verwitterbare Oberflächen (eine Voraussetzung für chemische Verwitterung) generiert die oxidations-induzierte Frakturierung. Darüber hinaus minimieren die Abwesenheit von tektonischer Aktivität und geringe prä-anthropogene Erosionsraten in dieser Region den Abtrag des mächtigen und kohäsiven Verwitterungsprofils und somit über den beschriebenen Feedback auch die chemische Verwitterungsrate. KW - Sri Lanka KW - chemical weathering KW - erosion KW - saprolite KW - weathering feedback KW - charnockite KW - critical zone KW - mineral weathering reactions KW - Sri Lanka KW - chemische Verwitterung KW - Erosion KW - Saprolit KW - Verwitterungsfeedback KW - Charnockit KW - kritische Zone KW - Mineralverwitterungsreaktionen Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408503 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reich, Tamar Chana T1 - Alon Goshen-Gottstein: The Jewish Encounter with Hinduism: Wisdom, Spirituality, Identity / Same God, Other God: Judaism, Hinduism and the Problem of Idolatry /rezensiert von Tamar Chana Reich JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus & other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions JF - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association of Jewish Studies [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus & other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions N2 - Alon Goshen-Gottstein: The Jewish Encounter with Hinduism: Wisdom, Spirituality, Identity (Interreligious Studies in Theory and Practice series), New York: Palgrave, Macmillan 2016, IX, 275 S. Alon Goshen-Gottstein: Same God, Other God: Judaism, Hinduism and the Problem of Idolatry (Interreligious Studies in Theory and Practice series), New York: Palgrave, Macmillan 2016. X, 265 S. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409041 SN - 978-3-86956-418-0 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 23 SP - 214 EP - 218 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Czendze, Oskar T1 - Conference “Re-Framing American Jewish History and Thought: New Transnational Perspectives” BT - Potsdam / Berlin, 20.–22. Juli 2016 JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus & other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus & other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409023 SN - 978-3-86956-418-0 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 23 SP - 207 EP - 212 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ichikawa, Hiroshi T1 - Prospects of Japanese Translation of the Babylonian Talmud JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus & other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions JF - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association of Jewish Studies [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus & other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions N2 - An academic project of translating the Babylonian Talmud into Japanese was initiated by a president of private jewelry company in 1986 and sixteen volumes of it were published with the collaboration of more than ten Japanese scholars of the Bible and Judaism until 2016. In order to make an assessment for possible impacts of this translation on Japanese cultural revitalization, the author tried to perceive the collision and struggles the Talmud has faced in transmitting itself to later generations even to the present days as it has still claimed its universal validity. It will be helpful to envisage Jewish intellectuals of the subsequent generations wondering what it was to live according to the Torah and the Talmud and how they coped with difficulties in facing the collision of foreign cultural impacts especially in the modern era. As the Japanese people had been profoundly influenced by Buddhism before the modern era, the assumption of the similarity between the Buddhist notion of enlightenment through transmission of the ineffable truth and the similar notion of Rabbinic Judaism will help prospect the possible influence of the Jewish scripture. This Buddhist notion had been most successfully developed in the tradition of Zen Buddhism in Japan. Furthermore this notion was fully and more influentially developed in the sphere of education of Japanese military ruling class and their cultural achievements before the modern era. So we suppose that Jewish endeavors in the Talmudic studies facing collisions and struggles against western impacts will give some insights in considering Japanese struggles against, and responses to, the forceful impacts of the modern West upon our traditional value system. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408982 SN - 978-3-86956-418-0 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 23 SP - 183 EP - 198 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Landau, David A1 - Rageth, Nina T1 - Indian Sufism in Israel BT - A Musically Orchestrated Interaction JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus & other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions JF - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association of Jewish Studies [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus & other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions N2 - This paper explores Indian Sufi influences in Shye Ben Tzur’s music. Ben Tzur is a Jewish Israeli musician who composes Sufi poetry in Hebrew and plays it to qawwālī music, the traditional North Indian Sufi music. Ben Tzur’s songs are devotional and there are many Sufi references that invoke Islamic terminology. His music has been reviewed in numerous newspapers and his Jewish identity, coupled with Sufi themes, evokes questions regarding religious belonging. Even though Ben Tzur openly discusses Sufi influences, his music has remained uncontroversial. This article interprets this as a sign that the symbolic repertoire of Ben Tzur’s music evokes associations with India and not with Islam and more specifically with India as a spiritual rather than religious space. The image of India as a spiritual land manages to subsume references to Islam and render them part of the “mystical East” allowing Ben Tzur’s audience to consume Muslim themes outside Middle Eastern politics. N2 - Dieser Aufsatz fragt nach Einflüssen des indischen Sufismus auf die Musik von Shye Ben Tzur. Ben Tzur ist ein jüdischer Israeli, der auf Hebräisch sufistische Poesie schreibt, welche er zu qawwālī Musik, der traditionellen nordindischen Sufi-Musik spielt. Ben Tzurs Lieder haben devotionalen Charakter und spielen mit sufistischen Referenzen und islamischen Konzepten. Obschon die sufistischen Elemente in Ben Tzurs Musik deutlich sind, hat seine Musik zu keinen Kontroversen geführt. Dieser Aufsatz interpretiert diesen Umstand als ein Zeichen dafür, dass Ben Tzurs Musik nicht in erster Linie mit dem Islam, sondern mit Indien, und zwar mit Indien als einem spirituellen Land assoziiert wird. Das Bild des mystischen Indiens schließt dabei islamische Referenzen ein. Diese Spiritualisierung der Musik Ben Tzurs hat einen entpolitisierenden Effekt auf die Musik und ermöglicht damit einer jüdisch-israelischen Zuhörerschaft den Kontakt mit dem Islam außerhalb des Nahost-Konfliktes. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408972 SN - 978-3-86956-418-0 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 23 SP - 163 EP - 180 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Niculescu, Mira T1 - JewBus Are Not What They Used to Be BT - A Call for a Diachronic Study of the Phenomenon of the “Jewish Buddhists” JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus & other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions JF - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association of Jewish Studies [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus & other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions N2 - The success of Buddhism in the West, and in America in particular, since the middle of the twentieth century, gave birth to a new hyphenated religious phenomenon: the Jewish-Buddhists. While a growing number of scholars have been addressing this phenomenon, all of the studies published so far speak of “Jewish-Buddhists” as if they could be described in the same way it was in the seventies. In this paper, I take issue with the monolithic, reified approach towards the phenomenon of the “Jewish-Buddhists”, and will try to show their evolution from their early days at the dawn of the emerging Counter Culture until today. Following findings derived from diachronic and ethnographic fieldworks, conducted since 2009, I will suggest that this evolution has undergone three main phases, which I call the three “ages”: the age of challenging, the age of claiming, and the age of re-claiming. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408965 SN - 978-3-86956-418-0 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 23 SP - 149 EP - 161 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ariel, Yaakov S. T1 - A New Kind of Jew BT - Allen Ginsberg and Asian Spirituality JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus & other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions JF - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association of Jewish Studies [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus & other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions N2 - The article examines Allen Ginsberg’s spiritual path, and places his interest in Asian religions within larger cultural agendas and life choices. While identifying as a Jew, Ginsberg wished to transcend beyond his parents’ orbit and actively sought to create an inclusive, tolerant, and permissive society where persons such as himself could live and create at ease. He chose elements from the Christian, Jewish, Native-American, Hindu, and Buddhist traditions, weaving them together into an ever-growing cultural and spiritual quilt. The poet never underwent a conversion experience or restricted his choices and freedoms. In Ginsberg’s understanding, Buddhism was a universal, non-theistic religion that meshed well with an individualist outlook, and worked toward personal solace and mindfulness. He and other Jews saw no contradiction between enchantment with Buddhism and their Jewish identity. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408952 SN - 978-3-86956-418-0 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 23 SP - 133 EP - 148 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sigalow, Emily T1 - From Jewish Prominence to Buddhist Prominence BT - Julius Goldwater and the Jewish-Buddhist Encounter from 1924–1958 JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus & other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions JF - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association of Jewish Studies [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus & other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions N2 - The 1920s witnessed a growing appearance of individual American Jews– largely from wealthy and prominent families – who received training by Asian teachers and pursued Buddhist practices in Asian-founded Buddhist groups. Some of these American Jews gained prominence and leadership status in Buddhist communities and also ran their own semi-established Buddhist groups, with limited success. The social position and material success of these Jewish Buddhists allowed them the time and means to study and practice Buddhism. This paper illustrates these developments through the story of Julius Goldwater, a member of the prominent German Jewish family that included Senator Barry Goldwater. After encountering Buddhism in Hawaii and being ordained in Kyoto, Goldwater moved to Los Angeles to become one of the first European-American Jodo Shinshu ministers in America. This paper demonstrates how he was an early convert, teacher, and wartime proponent of American Buddhism. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408943 SN - 978-3-86956-418-0 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 23 SP - 119 EP - 131 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Albeck-Gidron, Rachel T1 - At Opposite Ends of Asia – Contact between East Asian Culture and Modern Hebrew Literature from the Late Nineteenth Century until Today. A Historiographical and Linguistic Study JF - Sprache Deutsch PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus & other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions JF - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association of Jewish Studies [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus & other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions N2 - This article deals with contact between East Asian thought and modern Hebrew Literature from the late nineteenth century through the twentieth century, until today. In the first part, the article suggests that from a historiographical perspective, one may outline three waves of contact between these two cultural phenomena, at opposite ends of Asia. In the first wave, which began in the early twentieth century, Asian influence on Hebrew literature written in Europe was mediated mainly through the philosophers Schopenhauer and Nietzsche. The second wave, which emerged in the 1950s, relates to the influence of the leaders of the Beat Generation, who, in turn, were influenced by modernist poetry in English, which was colored by contact with Asian poetry. The third wave is part of the glocal New Age phenomenon and its appropriation of certain Buddhist traits. The second part of the article presents several theoretical possibilities of symbioses between cultures, as they appear within language. The third part presents the symptomatic example of the work of contemporary Hebrew writer Yoel Hoffmann, who appears to be a representative of the second wave; however, his work maintains dialogue with the first wave, and its current popularity is part of the third wave. Hoffmann’s work serves as an example of how to apply the theoretical possibilities presented in the second part of the article, as an instance of literary contact between two cultures and their respective languages. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408931 SN - 978-3-86956-418-0 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 23 SP - 95 EP - 118 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weiss, Aleš T1 - Buddhism as a Tool of Polemic and Self-definition among German Rabbis in the 19th and early 20th Century JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus & other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus & other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions N2 - This paper describes an almost forgotten chapter in the relatively short history of Jewish- Buddhist interactions. The popularization of Buddhism in Germany in the second half of 19th century, effected mainly by its positive appraisal in the philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer, made it a common referent for both critics of Judaism and Christianity as well as their defenders. At the same time, Judaism was viewed by many as a historically antiquated religion and Jewish elements in Christianity were regarded as impediments to the progress of European religiosity and culture. Schopenhauerian conception of “pessimistic” Buddhism and “optimistic” Judaism as the two most distant religious ideas was proudly appropriated by many Jewish thinkers. These Jews portrayed Buddhism as an anti-worldly and anti-social religion of egoistic individuals who seek their own salvation (i. e. annihilation into Nothingness), the most extreme form of pessimism and asceticism which negates every being, will, work, social structures and transcendence. Judaism, in contrast, represented direct opposites of all the aforementioned characteristics. In comparisons to Buddhism, Judaism stood out as a religion which carried the most needed social and psychological values for a healthy modern society: decisive affirmation of the world, optimism, social activity, co-operation with others, social egalitarianism, true charitability, and religious purity free from all remnants of polytheism, asceticism, and the inefficiently excessive moral demands ascribed to both Buddhism and Christianity. Through the analysis of texts by Ludwig Philippson, Ludwig Stein, Leo Baeck, Max Eschelbacher, Juda Bergmann, Fritz-Leopold Steinthal, Elieser David and others, this paper tries to show how the image of Buddhism as an antithesis to Judaism helped the German Jewish reform thinkers in defining the “essence of Judaism” and in proving to both Jewish and Christian audiences its enduring meaningfulness and superiority for the modern society. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408918 SN - 978-3-86956-418-0 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 23 SP - 73 EP - 93 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Musch, Sebastian T1 - Linking the Jewish People to India BT - Friedrich Korn (1803–1850) and His Theory of Universal Revelation through Astrotheology JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus & other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions JF - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association of Jewish Studies [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus & other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions N2 - This article explores the little-known author Friedrich Korn (1803–1850). Korn developed a theory of universal revelation which, among other things, claimed that the Jewish people descended from India. His theory is an amalgamation of the Romantic ideas about India, the historical criticisms as expounded by David Friedrich Strauß, and the desire to see his own conversion from Judaism to Protestantism as congruent with the historical progress of religion. Situating Korn in the intellectual context and theological debates of his time allows us to take a closer look at how he tried to reconcile many opposing stances, namely arguing for a genealogical lineage between India and the Jewish people, while calling for the conversion of the Jewish people to Christianity, and steadfastly believing in universal revelation, while holding on to the tools of historical criticism. These different positions made Korn an untimely author, out of sync with his peers and the scholarly attitude towards Judaism, India, and religion in general. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408892 SN - 978-3-86956-418-0 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 23 SP - 41 EP - 54 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marks, Richard G. T1 - David d’Beth Hillel and Jacob Sapir BT - Their Encounters with Temple Hinduism in 19th Century India JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus & other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions JF - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association of Jewish Studies [23 (2017)] = JewBus, Jewish Hindus & other Jewish Encounters with East Asian Religions N2 - Two 19th century rabbis born in Vilna and educated in its raditionalist rationalism interacted with India’s temple Hinduism in different ways. Both were fascinated with Hindu worship and images, but David d’Beth Hillel entered temples and disputed with priests, while Jacob Sapir observed from outside, composing written pictures of Hindu images using a biblical vocabulary of abomination. D’Beth Hillel employed Hebrew linguistics to uncover secret meanings of Hindu words. However, both travelers interpreted Hindu religiosity similarly, as idolatrous worship. They explained this Hinduism historically as a survival of Judean idolatry brought to India by Jewish migrants, or as a survival from an ancient culture of idolatry that once filled the world. Both rabbis also perceived Jewish elements in Hinduism, which they explained from Jewish migrations of the past. The similarities in their conceptualizations of Hinduism point to a common Jewish worldview that constructed the world as opposing realms of revelation and idolatry, and also to common theories about how cultural change occurs through survivals, corruptions, and diffusion. Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408884 SN - 978-3-86956-418-0 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 23 SP - 19 EP - 39 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mayar, Mahshid T1 - A Case for Serious Play BT - Virtual Pacifism in Historical Digital Games JF - Militär und Gesellschaft in der frühen Neuzeit Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408309 SN - 1617-9722 SN - 1861-910X VL - 20 SP - 117 EP - 135 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cañas, Manuel T1 - Evaluation of educational programmes in music institutions JF - Potsdamer Schriftenreihe zur Musikpädagogik Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-399358 SN - 978-3-86956-378-7 SN - 2196-5080 SN - 1861-8529 IS - 4 SP - 261 EP - 278 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Quijano, Lucía T1 - Teaching as a professional option among final year students of vocational music education BT - A multi-method study in Andalusian music conservatories JF - Potsdamer Schriftenreihe zur Musikpädagogik Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-399346 SN - 978-3-86956-378-7 SN - 2196-5080 SN - 1861-8529 IS - 4 SP - 239 EP - 258 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Martínez del Fresno, Beatriz A1 - García-Flórez, Llorián T1 - Gender Studies in the Spanish University BT - Musicology ‒ Towards a transversal formation JF - Potsdamer Schriftenreihe zur Musikpädagogik Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-399339 SN - 978-3-86956-378-7 SN - 2196-5080 SN - 1861-8529 IS - 4 SP - 221 EP - 236 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gutiérrez, Carmen Julia T1 - On-demand Musicology BT - About the multiple Musicology Degrees in Spain JF - Potsdamer Schriftenreihe zur Musikpädagogik Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-399321 SN - 978-3-86956-378-7 SN - 2196-5080 SN - 1861-8529 IS - 4 SP - 199 EP - 218 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - González Sánchez, Germán T1 - Music education in the new Spanish educational law BT - Perspectives on secondary education JF - Potsdamer Schriftenreihe zur Musikpädagogik Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-399314 SN - 978-3-86956-378-7 SN - 2196-5080 SN - 1861-8529 IS - 4 SP - 185 EP - 196 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Díaz Olaya, Ana Maria T1 - Sexism, violence against women and strategic-didactic solutions through the dance JF - Potsdamer Schriftenreihe zur Musikpädagogik Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-399303 SN - 978-3-86956-378-7 SN - 2196-5080 SN - 1861-8529 IS - 4 SP - 163 EP - 183 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vicente, Manuel R. T1 - Music Education in the twenty-first century BT - A view from the practice of specialist teacher JF - Potsdamer Schriftenreihe zur Musikpädagogik Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-399290 SN - 978-3-86956-378-7 SN - 2196-5080 SN - 1861-8529 IS - 4 SP - 155 EP - 161 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arús, Eugènia T1 - Education through music ‒ Another way of teaching BT - Dalcroze 100 years later JF - Potsdamer Schriftenreihe zur Musikpädagogik Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-399287 SN - 978-3-86956-378-7 SN - 2196-5080 SN - 1861-8529 IS - 4 SP - 139 EP - 153 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - García, José M. A1 - García, María S. T1 - Music and Artistic Education BT - Within the three laws of the Spanish State and the Andalusian Autonomous Community JF - Potsdamer Schriftenreihe zur Musikpädagogik Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-399275 SN - 978-3-86956-378-7 SN - 2196-5080 SN - 1861-8529 IS - 4 SP - 119 EP - 136 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dymon, Mirosław T1 - Music teachers training at academies and universities in Poland JF - Potsdamer Schriftenreihe zur Musikpädagogik Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-399245 SN - 978-3-86956-378-7 SN - 2196-5080 SN - 1861-8529 IS - 4 SP - 89 EP - 100 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Vugt, Adri T1 - European perspectives on music education JF - Potsdamer Schriftenreihe zur Musikpädagogik Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-399181 SN - 978-3-86956-378-7 SN - 2196-5080 SN - 1861-8529 IS - 4 SP - 39 EP - 58 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Päßler, Ulrich T1 - A Political Economy of Nature BT - Alexander von Humboldt's Essay on the Fluctuations in the Supplies of Gold JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies N2 - In seinem Aufsatz „Ueber die Schwankungen der Goldproduktion mit Rücksicht auf staatswirthschaftliche Probleme“ (1838) entfaltet Alexander von Humboldt auf wenigen Seiten eine Weltgeschichte des Edelmetallverkehrs von der Antike bis ins 19. Jahrhundert. Der vorliegende Artikel geht Humboldts ökonomischem Denken als Teil seiner Forschungen zur Natur- und Menschheitsgeschichte nach. Er beginnt mit einem kurzen Abriss der von spätmerkantilistischen und frühliberalen Einflüssen geprägten Ausbildung Humboldts. Der Artikel diskutiert anschließend eine von Humboldt angefertigte Weltkarte sowie vier darauf bezogene Schaubilder, die historische und zeitgenössische statistische Daten zur graphischen Vision eines globalen Wirtschaftskreislaufs kombinieren. In einem weiteren Schritt geht der Artikel Humboldts Anwendung historischer und naturgeschichtlicher Forschungsmethoden auf dem Gebiet der politischen Ökonomie am Beispiel des Aufsatzes von 1838 nach. Den Schluss der Untersuchung bildet Humboldts Auseinandersetzung mit dem Edelmetall Platin, dessen begrenzte Verbreitung im Widerspruch zur Idee eines freien weltweiten Austauschs stand. N2 - Dans son mémoire « Sur la production de l’or considérée dans ses fluctuations » (1838), Alexandre de Humboldt développa une histoire universelle de la circulation des métaux précieux de l’antiquité jusqu’au XIXe siècle. Le présent article poursuit la pensée économique de Humboldt en la mettant dans le contexte de ses études physiques, naturelles et historiques. L’article commence par un abrégé de l’éducation professionnelle de Humboldt, qui était marquée par des influences caméralistes et libérales à la fois. Puis l’article commente une mappemonde et quatre diagrammes, dessinés par Humboldt; la combinaison des données statistiques historiques et contemporaines constitue la vision cartographique d’un circuit économique global. Dans un second temps, l’article aborde le mémoire de 1838 et analyse l’emploi des méthodes de recherche des sciences naturelles et historiques dans le domaine de l’économie politique. L’article se conclut par un examen des remarques de Humboldt sur le platine, un métal précieux qui en raison de sa répartition naturelle limitée était en contradiction avec l’idée d’un libre échange mondial. N2 - In his “Essay on the Fluctuations in the Supplies of Gold” (1838) Humboldt presents a global history of the flow of precious metals from antiquity to the 19th century. This paper traces Humboldt’s economic thinking within his natural and historical research, starting with an outline of his educational background which incorporated late mercantilist and early liberal influences. It then discusses a world map and four charts drawn by Humboldt, which combine historical and contemporary statistical data into a cartographical vision of a global economic circuit. In a next step, the article explores Humboldt’s application of natural and historical research methods in the field of political economy, using the example of his 1838 essay. Finally, the article addresses Humboldt’s discussion of platinum, a precious metal whose limited natural distribution contradicted the idea of free global exchange. KW - Wirtschaftgeschichte KW - Wissenschaftsgeschichte KW - Kameralismus KW - Bergbau KW - Edelmetalle KW - Gold KW - Silber KW - Platin Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-395781 SN - 1617-5239 SN - 2568-3543 VL - XVIII IS - 34 SP - 80 EP - 91 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - López-Tarazón, José Andrés A1 - Bronstert, Axel A1 - Thieken, Annegret A1 - Petrow, Theresia ED - López-Tarazón, José Andrés ED - Bronstert, Axel ED - Thieken, Annegret ED - Petrow, Theresia T1 - International symposium on the effects of global change on floods, fluvial geomorphology and related hazards in mountainous rivers T2 - Book of Abstracts N2 - Both Alpine and Mediterranean areas are considered sensitive to so-called global change, considered as the combination of climate and land use changes. All panels on climate evolution predict future scenarios of increasing frequency and magnitude of floods which are likely to lead to huge geomorphic adjustments of river channels so major metamorphosis of fluvial systems is expected as a result of global change. Such pressures are likely to give rise to major ecological and economic changes and challenges that governments need to address as a matter of priority. Changes in river flow regimes associated with global change are therefore ushering in a new era, where there is a critical need to evaluate hydro-geomorphological hazards from headwaters to lowland areas (flooding can be not just a problem related to being under the water). A key question is how our understanding of these hazards associated with global change can be improved; improvement has to come from integrated research which includes the climatological and physical conditions that could influence the hydrology and sediment generation and hence the conveyance of water and sediments (including the river’s capacity, i.e. amount of sediment, and competence, i.e. channel deformation) and the vulnerabilities and economic repercussions of changing hydrological hazards (including the evaluation of the hydro-geomorphological risks too). Within this framework, the purpose of this international symposium is to bring together researchers from several disciplines as hydrology, fluvial geomorphology, hydraulic engineering, environmental science, geography, economy (and any other related discipline) to discuss the effects of global change over the river system in relation with floods. The symposium is organized by means of invited talks given by prominent experts, oral lectures, poster sessions and discussion sessions for each individual topic; it will try to improve our understanding of how rivers are likely to evolve as a result of global change and hence address the associated hazards of that fluvial environmental change concerning flooding. Four main topics are going to be addressed: - Modelling global change (i.e. climate and land-use) at relevant spatial (regional, local) and temporal (from the long-term to the single-event) scales. - Measuring and modelling river floods from the hydrological, sediment transport (both suspended and bedload) and channel morphology points of view at different spatial (from the catchment to the reach) and temporal (from the long-term to the single-event) scales. - Evaluation and assessment of current and future river flooding hazards and risks in a global change perspective. - Catchment management to face river floods in a changing world. We are very pleased to welcome you to Potsdam. We hope you will enjoy your participation at the International Symposium on the Effects of Global Change on Floods, Fluvial Geomorphology and Related Hazards in Mountainous Rivers and have an exciting and profitable experience. Finally, we would like to thank all speakers, participants, supporters, and sponsors for their contributions that for sure will make of this event a very remarkable and fruitful meeting. We acknowledge the valuable support of the European Commission (Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship, Project ‘‘Floodhazards’’, PIEF-GA-2013-622468, Seventh EU Framework Programme) and the Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (Research Training Group “Natural Hazards and Risks in a Changing World” (NatRiskChange; GRK 2043/1) as the symposium would not have been possible without their help. Without your cooperation, this symposium would not be either possible or successful. KW - natural hazards KW - mountainous rivers KW - floods KW - global change KW - geomorphology Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-396922 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haßler, Gerda ED - McElvenny, James T1 - ‘Communicating the past to the present’ BT - Is anachronism inevitable? Desirable? JF - History and Philosophy of the Language Sciences KW - anachronism KW - conceptual history KW - Ferdinand de Saussure KW - linguistic historiography KW - Plato´s Cratylus KW - salon KW - word order Y1 - 2015 UR - http://hiphilangsci.net/2015/06/03/salon-anachronism-in-linguistic-historiography SN - 2366-2409 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Borg, Erik A1 - Fichtelmann, Bernd T1 - Land-water masks: basis for automated pre- and thematic processing of remote sensing data JF - Potsdamer Geographische Praxis N2 - Earth observation data have become an outstanding basis for analyzing environmental aspects. The increasing availability of remote sensing data is accompanied by an increasing user demand. Within the scope of the COOPERNICUS-initiative, the automatic processing of remote sensing data is important for supplying value- added-information products. The use of additional data like land-water-masks in the context of deriving value-added information products can stabilize and improve the product quality of information products. The authors of this contribution would like to discuss different automated processing algorithms which are based on land-water masks for value-added data interpretation. These developments were supported or accompanied by Prof. Hartmut Asche. Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-103454 SN - 978-3-86956-389-3 SN - 2194–1599 SN - 2194–1602 IS - 12 SP - 77 EP - 99 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Siemer, Julia T1 - Using Statistics Canada Data To Map Canada´s Population JF - Potsdamer Geographische Praxis N2 - Statistics Canada, Kanada’s nationale Statistikbehörde, bietet eine Reihe räumlicher Basisdaten zur Kartenerstellung und räumlichen Analyse ihrer Bevölkerungsdaten an. Der folgende Bericht zeigt die Möglichkeiten und Einschränkung der angebotenen räumlichen Daten für die Bevölkerungskartographie auf und stellt die vorhandenen Verwaltungsgrenzdateien bis zur kleinsten Einheit, dem so genannten ‚dissemination block‘, in ihrer Struktur vor. Die räumlich sehr ungleiche Verteilung der Bevölkerung Kanadas stellt eine besondere Herausforderung bei der kartographischen Visualisierung dar. Üblicherweise angewendete Methoden wie die Choroplethen-Methode sind im Falle Kanadas streng genommen nur zur Visualisierung kleinräumiger Bevölkerungsdichte geeignet. Um die Darstellung der Bevölkerungsdichte und -verteilung auch für größere Raumeinheiten, z. B. den so genannten ‚census divisions‘ oder die Provinzen, zu ermöglichen, veröffentlicht Statistics Canada einen Datensatz, der die Abgrenzung der Ökumene, also der bewohnten Fläche, des Landes veranschaulicht. Diese Datei ermöglicht es dem Nutzer die Bevölkerungsdichte und -verteilung des Landes angemessen und detailliert zu visualisieren. N2 - Statistics Canada, Canada’s national statistics agency, offers a suite of spatial files for mapping and analysis of its various population data products. The following article showcases possibilities and shortfalls of the existing spatial files for mapping population data, and provides an overview of the structure of the available boundary files from the regional to the dissemination block level. Due to Canada’s highly dispersed population, mapping its distribution and density can be challenging. Common mapping techniques such as the choropleth method are suitable only for mapping spatially high resolution data such as data at the dissemination area level. To allow for mapping of population data at less detailed levels such as census divisions or provinces, Statistics Canada has created a so-called ecumene boundary file which outlines the inhabited area of Canada and can be used to more accurately visualize Canada’s population distribution and density. Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-103439 SN - 978-3-86956-389-3 SN - 2194–1599 SN - 2194–1602 IS - 12 SP - 35 EP - 49 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - INPR A1 - Prasse, Paul A1 - Gruben, Gerrit A1 - Machlika, Lukas A1 - Pevny, Tomas A1 - Sofka, Michal A1 - Scheffer, Tobias T1 - Malware Detection by HTTPS Traffic Analysis N2 - In order to evade detection by network-traffic analysis, a growing proportion of malware uses the encrypted HTTPS protocol. We explore the problem of detecting malware on client computers based on HTTPS traffic analysis. In this setting, malware has to be detected based on the host IP address, ports, timestamp, and data volume information of TCP/IP packets that are sent and received by all the applications on the client. We develop a scalable protocol that allows us to collect network flows of known malicious and benign applications as training data and derive a malware-detection method based on a neural networks and sequence classification. We study the method's ability to detect known and new, unknown malware in a large-scale empirical study. KW - machine learning KW - computer security Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-100942 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kempert, Sebastian Benjamin A1 - Götz, Regina A1 - Blatter, Kristine A1 - Tibken, Catharina A1 - Artelt, Cordula A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang A1 - Stanat, Petra T1 - Training Early Literacy Related Skills BT - To Which Degree Does a Musical Training Contribute to Phonological Awareness Development? JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Well-developed phonological awareness skills are a core prerequisite for early literacy development. Although effective phonological awareness training programs exist, children at risk often do not reach similar levels of phonological awareness after the intervention as children with normally developed skills. Based on theoretical considerations and first promising results the present study explores effects of an early musical training in combination with a conventional phonological training in children with weak phonological awareness skills. Using a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design and measurements across a period of 2 years, we tested the effects of two interventions: a consecutive combination of a musical and a phonological training and a phonological training alone. The design made it possible to disentangle effects of the musical training alone as well the effects of its combination with the phonological training. The outcome measures of these groups were compared with the control group with multivariate analyses, controlling for a number of background variables. The sample included N = 424 German-speaking children aged 4–5 years at the beginning of the study. We found a positive relationship between musical abilities and phonological awareness. Yet, whereas the well-established phonological training produced the expected effects, adding a musical training did not contribute significantly to phonological awareness development. Training effects were partly dependent on the initial level of phonological awareness. Possible reasons for the lack of training effects in the musical part of the combination condition as well as practical implications for early literacy education are discussed. KW - phonological awareness KW - musical training KW - phonological training KW - preschool children KW - early literacy Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01803 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 7 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pellanda, Marina T1 - Tarkovsky’s legacy BT - Tarkovskian inspirations in contemporary cinema JF - Andrej Tarkovskij: Klassiker – Классик – Classic – Classico : Beiträge zum internationalen Tarkovskij-Symposium an der Universität Potsdam ; Band 2 Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-100557 SN - 978-3-86956-352-7 SP - 549 EP - 571 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paperny, Vladimir T1 - Andrej Tarkovskij and Andrej Končalovskij BT - Lives, Films, Culture JF - Andrej Tarkovskij: Klassiker – Классик – Classic – Classico : Beiträge zum internationalen Tarkovskij-Symposium an der Universität Potsdam ; Band 2 Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-100515 SN - 978-3-86956-352-7 SP - 471 EP - 486 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Salvestroni, Simonetta T1 - A Recurring Theme in Tarkovsky’s Cinema BT - The Window as the Entrance to Another Dimension JF - Andrej Tarkovskij: Klassiker – Классик – Classic – Classico : Beiträge zum internationalen Tarkovskij-Symposium an der Universität Potsdam ; Band 2 Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-100472 SN - 978-3-86956-352-7 SP - 399 EP - 407 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Merkur, Lianne T1 - Contentious and Communal Cultural Heritage BT - Excavating the Jewish-Arab City of Lod, Israel JF - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association of Jewish Studies [22 (2016)] = Muslim-Jewish Dialogue JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien [22 (2016)] = Muslim-Jewish Dialogue N2 - Archäologie kann als ein in den Prozess der Identitätsbildung involviertes Werkzeug verstanden werden. Als solches trägt sie zur Schaffung von Zugehörigkeit und Einheit innerhalb einer vielfältigen Reihe von Gemeinden bei. Die Forschung wurde aufgrund des breiten Wahrnehmungsspektrums und Analysepotentials mit Absicht in der gemischten Stadt Lod in Israel durchgeführt. Die Autorin untersuchte die Auswirkungen des städtischen Kulturerbes auf die identitäre Entwicklung der jüdischen und arabischen Kinder vor Ort. Als jüngste aktive Mitglieder der Gesellschaft in der Stadt wurden sie ausgewählt, um an den Grabungen der Saison 2013 im Khan al-Hilu teilzunehmen. Israel ist für solche Forschungen aufgrund seiner Natur, dem gleichzeitig umfangreichen Schwerpunkt der Ausgrabungen und dem anhaltenden, scheinbar unlösbaren Nahostkonflikt der ideale Ort. Die generationenalte Bindung an das Land dient als Grundlage für die kollektive Identität von Arabern und Juden. Doch jede Gemeinschaft und jedes Individuum bezieht sich auf unterschiedliche archäologische Stätten, die durch ihre Bedeutung als kulturelles Erbe und ihren Wert für die jeweilige Gruppe geprägt sind. N2 - Archaeology can be understood as a tool used in the process of identity formation, contributing to a sense of belonging and unity within a diverse set of communities. Research was conducted with the intention of analyzing the wide range of perceptions regarding archaeological sites in the mixed city of Lod, Israel. I explored the impact of urban cultural heritage on shaping the identity of local Jewish and Arab children, who were chosen as the youngest active members of society living in the city, and who participated in the 2013 archaeological excavation season at the Khan al-Hilu. Israel is an ideal location for such research, due to its nature as simultaneously being the focus of extensive archaeological excavations as well as being the setting of an intractable conflict. Ancestral attachment to the land serves as a foundation for the collective identity of both Jews and Arabs. Yet, each community and individual may relate differently to the surrounding archaeological sites, which is further shaped by their sense of societal hierarchy and cultural heritage. Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-99665 SN - 978-3-86956-370-1 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 VL - 22 SP - 151 EP - 164 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anzi, Menashe T1 - ʿAgunot and Converts to Islam BT - Jews and Muslims in Yemen from 1950 to 1962 JF - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association of Jewish Studies [22 (2016)] = Muslim-Jewish Dialogue JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien [22 (2016)] = Muslim-Jewish Dialogue N2 - Nach der Massenemigration der jemenitischen Juden nach Israel zwischen 1948 und 1950 sind ca. 2000 Juden im Jemen zurückgeblieben. Viele sind danach mit Hilfe der Jewish Agency und des JDC nach Israel eingewandert. Die wenigen Zurückgebliebenen lebten in kleinen Gemeinden, behielten jedoch ihre religiösen Bräuche bei. Deren Verteilung unter der muslimischen Bevölkerung führte jedoch zur Annäherung zwischen Juden und Muslimen. Rund zehn Prozent sind zum Islam übergetreten, teils als Einzelpersonen, teils als Gruppen. Dabei gab es etwa zwanzig Fälle von Männern, die zum Islam übertraten, deren Frauen aber nach Israel auswanderten und das Judentum beibehielten. Aufgrund des Abbruchs der ehelichen Beziehung nach islamischem Recht haben sich einige Konvertiten geweigert ihren Frauen die Scheidung zu gewähren. Dieser Beitrag geht den Bemühungen zur Befreiung der ʿAgunot nach. Es wird gezeigt, wie jüdische und muslimische Gelehrte gemeinsam nach Lösungen suchten und Brücken zwischen ihren Religionsgemeinschaften schlugen. N2 - After the mass immigration to Israel from 1948 to 1950, about 2000 Jews remained in Yemen. These Jews lived in small communities and continued to maintain their religious environment as it was. In the years that followed, many of them, however, moved from Yemen to Israel with the assistance of the Jewish Agency and the Joint Distribution Committee (JDC). The community was of a small size and the fact that it was dispersed throughout the predominantly Muslim areas, created a certain closeness between the two groups. About ten percent of the Jews chose to convert to Islam, many of them in groups. In about twenty cases, the husbands chose to convert to Islam while their wives emigrated to preserve their Judaism. Some of the converts refused to grant their wives a divorce, because, according to Muslim law, conversion is enough to sever the marital relationship. This procedure is called ʿAgunot. Meaning, women bound in marriage to a husband and they no longer lived together, but the husband didn’t formally ‘released’ her from marriage union. The article follows the efforts undertaken to release the ʿAgunot, and shows that Jewish and Muslim scholars were able to find solutions to the ʿAgunot problem and, at times, managed to bridge the gap between the two religions. Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-99658 SN - 978-3-86956-370-1 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 VL - 22 SP - 135 EP - 149 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tarabieh, Abdallah A1 - Yeshaya, Joachim T1 - The Themes of Calling for Help and Redemption in Arabic and Hebrew Poems from Medieval Spain during the Eleventh and Twelfth Century JF - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association of Jewish Studies [22 (2016)] = Muslim-Jewish Dialogue JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien [22 (2016)] = Muslim-Jewish Dialogue N2 - In this article we will present a few examples of the theme of “calling for help and redemption” in Arabic and Hebrew poetry, with particular focus on eleventh and twelfth century Muslim Spain. More particularly, we will offer a glimpse into the life and oeuvre of two medieval poets (one Muslim, one Jewish); both were active in Muslim Spain in the same period and shared a similar fate of exile and wandering: on the one hand, the Sicilian Arabic poet Ibn Ḥamdīs (c. 1056–c. 1133) and on the other hand, the Spanish Jewish poet Moses ibn Ezra (1055–1138). We will take into account the impact of exile and wandering on the profusion of the theme of “calling for help and redemption” as well as the related theme of “yearning for one’s homeland” through an analysis and comparison of poetic fragments by the two aforementioned poets as well as additional Andalusian Jewish (Judah ha-Levi) and Muslim (Ibn Khafāja, al-Rundī and Ibn al-Abbār) poets. N2 - In diesem Artikel werden einige Beispiele der Themen „Anrufung um Hilfe und Erlösung“ in der arabischen und hebräischen Poesie, im speziellem die des 11. und 12. Jahrhunderts im muslimischen Spaniens, erläutert. Des Weiteren wird ein kurzer Einblick in das Leben zweier Dichter des Mittelalters gewährt: Der sizilianisch-arabische Dichter Ibn Ḥamdīs (ca. 1056–ca. 1133) und der spanisch-jüdische Dichter Moses ibn Ezra (1055–1138). Beide waren zur gleichen Zeit im muslimischen Spanien tätig und teilten das Schicksal der Flucht und des Exils. Unter Berücksichtigung der Exilsituation werden die Topoi Anrufung um Beistand und Erlösung sowie das verwandte Motiv des Heimwehs nach dem Vaterland durch eine komparative Analyse in Bezug auf andere andalusisch-jüdische und muslimische Dichter erörtert. Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-99645 SN - 978-3-86956-370-1 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 VL - 22 SP - 121 EP - 133 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zoref, Arye T1 - Journeys for God in Ṣūfī and Judeo Arabic Literature JF - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association of Jewish Studies [22 (2016)] = Muslim-Jewish Dialogue JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien [22 (2016)] = Muslim-Jewish Dialogue N2 - Das Konzept der drei Reisen als einen Weg zur spirituellen Entwicklung wurde von einem der Gründerväter der islamischen Mystik, Dhu al-Nun, eingeführt. Später wurde die Anwendung des Konzepts verfeinert, indem es mit der sufischen Technik verschiedene Präpositionen hinzuzufügen kombiniert wurde, um dadurch zwischen den spirituellen Stufen zu unterscheiden. Mit der Verwendung der Wörter Reise (Safar) und Gott (Allah) und dem Hinzufügen einer Präposition zum Wort Gott konnten sufische Schriftsteller die verschiedenen Wege zu Gott oder die Stationen (Maqamat) auf diesem Weg aufzeichnen. Ibn al-’Arabi spricht Anfang des dreizehnten Jahrhunderts von drei verschiedenen Wegen: von Gott, zu Gott und in Gott. Am Ende des dreizehnten Jahrhunderts spricht der jüdisch-arabische Bibelkommentator Tanchum ha-Yerushalmi von den drei Reisen als drei Stationen eines kontinuierlichen Weges. Eine nahezu identische Beschreibung ist eine Generation danach beim muslimischen Gelehrten Qayyim al-Jawziyya zu finden. Aus den drei Reisen werden im vierzehnten Jahrhundert in den Schriften des sufischen Schriftstellers al-Qashani vier, wobei das Schema der drei Präpositionen beibehalten wurde. Kurz vor dem Ende des vierzehnten Jahrhunderts sind in den Schriften von R. David ha-Nagid nur noch zwei Reisen zu finden: zu Gott und in Gott. All dies zeigt uns, dass uns die jüdisch-arabische Literatur dabei helfen kann die geschichtliche Entwicklung der sufischen Ideen genauer nachzuzeichnen. N2 - The concept of three journeys as a way to denote spiritual development was introduced by Dhu al-Nun, one of the founding fathers of Islamic mysticism. The use of this concept was later refined by combining it with the Sufi technique of adding different prepositions to a certain term, in order to differentiate between spiritual stages. By using the words journey (Safar) and God (Allah) and inserting a preposition before the word God, Sufi writers could map the different roads to God or the stations (Maqamat) on this road. Ibn al-'Arabi, in the beginning of the thirteenth century, speaks of three different ways: from God, toward God and in God. Tanchum ha-Yerushalmi, the Judeo Arabic biblical commentator from the end of this century, speaks of the three journeys as three stations of one continuous way. A nearly identical description we can find in the writing of the Muslim scholar Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, a generation later. Later in the fourteenth century, in the writing of the Sufi writer al-Qashani, the three travels become four, although the scheme of three prepositions is preserved. Near the end of the fourteenth century, in the writings of R. David ha-Nagid, we find only two journeys: to God and in God. All this tells us that Judeo Arabic literature can help us map with greater precision the historical development of Sufi ideas. Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-99635 SN - 978-3-86956-370-1 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 VL - 22 SP - 109 EP - 119 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Saritoprak, Zeki T1 - The Place of Moses in the Qurʼan and Its Significance for a Jewish-Muslim Dialogue JF - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association of Jewish Studies [22 (2016)] = Muslim-Jewish Dialogue JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien [22 (2016)] = Muslim-Jewish Dialogue N2 - Die Figur des Moses konstituiert eine wichtige Verbindung zwischen jüdischen und muslimischen Traditionen. Im islamischen Sinne ist Moses einer der fünf Hauptpropheten Gottes. Seine Geschichte bestimmt daher einen maßgeblichen Stellenwert im Koran und obwohl kleinere Unterschiede vorherrschen, ist es die koranische Geschichte des Moses, die die der Tora bestätigt. Sein Leben ist daher als Vorbild für Muslime zu sehen. Einzelne Elemente seiner Geschichte finden sich an verschiedenen Stellen des Korans; es ist jedoch das siebte Kapitel, welches das Leben Moses im Detail beschreibt. Der Text wird sich daher auf dieses Kapitel konzentrieren, da es jene Ereignisse im Leben des Moses beschreibt, die zum einen essentiell für Muslime und Juden sind und zum anderen die Signifikanz und Frömmigkeit des Moses aufzeigt. Auch bringt dieses Kapitel die Ähnlichkeiten des islamischen Moses und des jüdischen Moses zum Vorschein. Anhand einer Untersuchung der im Koran aufgeführten Ereignisse im Leben des Moses wird er zu einer Schlüsselfigur um Freundschaft, Harmonie und Frieden zwischen Juden und Muslime zu schaffen. Moses wird somit zum gemeinsamen Nenner um einen Dialog zwischen den beiden Religionen zu kreieren und ihrer Hingabe den ‚Einen Gott’ zu huldigen voran zu treiben. N2 - The figure of Moses constitutes an important link between Jewish and Muslim traditions. Muslims consider him to be one of the five elite prophets of God, his story therefore has a prominent place in the Qurʼan. While there are minor differences, the story of Moses found in the Qurʼan confirms the account of the Torah; the life of Moses thus is considered a model for all Muslims to follow. Though elements of his story are found throughout the Qurʼan, it is in chapter 7 where it is given in its greatest detail. As the focus point of this article, chapter 7 discusses many events in Mosesʼ life, which are important for both Muslims and Jews, and reveals his great importance and Godliness. It also demonstrates how truly similar Islamʼs Moses and Judaismʼs Moses are. Therefore, through an examination of the various elements of the story of Moses as found in the Qurʼan, this article will show how by following him, Jews and Muslims can come together in friendship, harmony and peace. Moses is the common ground on which Jews and Muslims can come together in order to open up a dialogue and further their shared commitment to the worship of the One God. Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-99581 SN - 978-3-86956-370-1 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 VL - 22 SP - 17 EP - 29 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tremblay, Jean Christophe A1 - Blanco-Rey, Maria T1 - Manipulating interfacial hydrogens at palladium via STM N2 - In this contribution, we provide a detailed dynamical analysis of the interfacial hydrogen migration mediated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Contributions from the STM-current and from the non-adiabatic couplings are taken into account using only first principle models. The slight asymmetry of the tunnelling rates with respect to the potential bias sign inferred from experimental observations is reproduced by weighting the contributions of the metal acceptor–donor states for the propagation of the impinging electrons. The quasi-thermal inelastic collision mechanism is treated perturbatively. The influence of hydrogen pre-coverage is also investigated using new potential energy surfaces obtained from periodic density functional theory calculations. Fully quantum dynamical simulations of the system evolution are performed by solving the Pauli master equation, providing insight into the reaction mechanism of STM manipulation of subsurface hydrogens. It is observed that the hydrogen impurity favors resurfacing over occupation of the bulk and subsurface sites whenever possible. The present simulations give strong indication that the experimentally observed protuberances after STM-excitation are due to hydrogen accumulating in the vicinity of the surface. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 291 Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-99511 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Thieken, Annegret A1 - Bessel, Tina A1 - Kienzler, Sarah A1 - Kreibich, Heidi A1 - Müller, Meike A1 - Pisi, Sebastian A1 - Schröter, Kai T1 - The flood of June 2013 in Germany BT - how much do we know about its impacts? T2 - National Hazards Earth System Science N2 - In June 2013, widespread flooding and consequent damage and losses occurred in Central Europe, especially in Germany. This paper explores what data are available to investigate the adverse impacts of the event, what kind of information can be retrieved from these data and how well data and information fulfil requirements that were recently proposed for disaster reporting on the European and international levels. In accordance with the European Floods Directive (2007/60/EC), impacts on human health, economic activities (and assets), cultural heritage and the environment are described on the national and sub-national scale. Information from governmental reports is complemented by communications on traffic disruptions and surveys of flood-affected residents and companies. Overall, the impacts of the flood event in 2013 were manifold. The study reveals that flood-affected residents suffered from a large range of impacts, among which mental health and supply problems were perceived more seriously than financial losses. The most frequent damage type among affected companies was business interruption. This demonstrates that the current scientific focus on direct (financial) damage is insufficient to describe the overall impacts and severity of flood events. The case further demonstrates that procedures and standards for impact data collection in Germany are widely missing. Present impact data in Germany are fragmentary, heterogeneous, incomplete and difficult to access. In order to fulfil, for example, the monitoring and reporting requirements of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 that was adopted in March 2015 in Sendai, Japan, more efforts on impact data collection are needed. Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-97207 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Keir, Jonathan T1 - Through Christendom and Beyond BT - Andrei Tarkovsky and the Global Ethic Project JF - Andrej Tarkovskij: Klassiker – Классик – Classic – Classico : Beiträge zum internationalen Tarkovskij-Symposium an der Universität Potsdam ; Band 1 Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-95618 SN - 978-3-86956-351-0 SP - 237 EP - 254 PB - Uiversitä Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Efird, Robert T1 - Beyond the Crystal-Image BT - Perception and Temporality in Tarkovsky’s Early Films JF - Andrej Tarkovskij: Klassiker – Классик – Classic – Classico : Beiträge zum internationalen Tarkovskij-Symposium an der Universität Potsdam ; Band 1 Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-95626 SN - 978-3-86956-351-0 SP - 255 EP - 265 PB - Universität Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dulgheru, Elena T1 - A Conjunction of Mysteries BT - Tarkovskij’s Off ret and da Vinci’s Adoraz ione dei magi JF - Andrej Tarkovskij: Klassiker – Классик – Classic – Classico : Beiträge zum internationalen Tarkovskij-Symposium an der Universität Potsdam ; Band 1 Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-95594 SN - 978-3-86956-351-0 SP - 201 EP - 214 PB - Universität Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Synessios, Natasha T1 - Andrei Tarkovsky – Self, World, Flesh JF - Andrej Tarkovskij: Klassiker – Классик – Classic – Classico : Beiträge zum internationalen Tarkovskij-Symposium an der Universität Potsdam ; Band 1 Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-95532 SN - 978-3-86956-351-0 SP - 65 EP - 83 PB - Universität Potsdam CY - Posdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Priewe, Marc T1 - Walter W. Woodward, Prospero´s America: John Winthrop, Jr., Alchemy, and the Creation of New England Culture, 1606-1676 / [rezensiert von] Marc Priewe N2 - Rezensiertes Werk: Walter W. Woodward: Prospero’s America: John Winthrop, Jr., Alchemy, and the Creation of New England Culture, 1606-1676. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010. Hb. 336pp. ISBN 978-0-8078-3301-8. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 104 Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-93713 SP - 199 EP - 200 ER -