TY - JOUR A1 - Catchpole, Gareth A1 - Platzer, Alexander A1 - Weikert, Cornelia A1 - Kempkensteffen, Carsten A1 - Johannsen, Manfred A1 - Krause, Hans A1 - Jung, Klaus A1 - Miller, Kurt A1 - Willmitzer, Lothar A1 - Selbig, Joachim A1 - Weikert, Steffen T1 - Metabolic profiling reveals key metabolic features of renal cell carcinoma JF - Journal of cellular and molecular medicine : a journal of translational medicine N2 - Recent evidence suggests that metabolic changes play a pivotal role in the biology of cancer and in particular renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Here, a global metabolite profiling approach was applied to characterize the metabolite pool of RCC and normal renal tissue. Advanced decision tree models were applied to characterize the metabolic signature of RCC and to explore features of metastasized tumours. The findings were validated in a second independent dataset. Vitamin E derivates and metabolites of glucose, fatty acid, and inositol phosphate metabolism determined the metabolic profile of RCC. alpha-tocopherol, hippuric acid, myoinositol, fructose-1-phosphate and glucose-1-phosphate contributed most to the tumour/normal discrimination and all showed pronounced concentration changes in RCC. The identified metabolic profile was characterized by a low recognition error of only 5% for tumour versus normal samples. Data on metastasized tumours suggested a key role for metabolic pathways involving arachidonic acid, free fatty acids, proline, uracil and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. These results illustrate the potential of mass spectroscopy based metabolomics in conjunction with sophisticated data analysis methods to uncover the metabolic phenotype of cancer. Differentially regulated metabolites, such as vitamin E compounds, hippuric acid and myoinositol, provide leads for the characterization of novel pathways in RCC. KW - kidney cancer KW - metabolism KW - metabolomics KW - metastasis Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00939.x SN - 1582-1838 VL - 15 IS - 1 SP - 109 EP - 118 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Malden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krause, Rolf Harald A1 - Buse, Joern A1 - Matern, Andrea A1 - Schroeder, Boris A1 - Haerdtle, Werner A1 - Assmann, Thorsten T1 - Eresus kollari (Araneae: Eresidae) calls for heathland management JF - The Journal of arachnology N2 - Northwest Europe's largest heather-dominated sandy habitats are located in the nature reserve Luneburger Heide, Germany. Yet, even these appear to be losing their ability to support some of their stenotopic species such as the ladybird spider, Eresus kollari Rossi 1846, and are thus becoming increasingly important for the preservation of these species. The habitat requirements of this endangered spider species were investigated in order to obtain data that will help stabilize the last remnants of the species' population in northwest Germany. Several heathland habitats were surveyed by pitfall trapping during the mate-search period of the males. Two statistical methods were applied: logistic regression and boosted regression trees (BRT). Both methods showed that three habitat variables are of prime relevance in predicting the occurrence of E. kollari: a) thickness of the organic layer (a negative effect), b) soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm, and c) Calluna cover in the herb layer (both have positive effect). Our results show that choppering (removing above-ground biomass and most of O-layer) and burning are likely appropriate heathland management measures for the conservation of E. kollari. Such measures improve the species' habitat quality by creating a heterogenic (small-scaled) heathland structure with suitable microhabitats. As Calluna heathlands show a clear senescence of the dominant heather, it is essential that those habitat patches be conserved. Further measures, such as transfer experiments, are recommended. KW - Conservation management KW - habitat modeling KW - action plan KW - choppering KW - burning Y1 - 2011 SN - 0161-8202 SN - 1937-2396 VL - 39 IS - 3 SP - 384 EP - 392 PB - American Arachnological Society CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Steffen A1 - Mayer, Patrizia A1 - Baur, Heiner A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Higher velocities in isokinetic dynamometry a pilot study of new test mode with active compensation of inertia JF - Isokinetics and exercise science : official journal of the European Isokinetic Society N2 - Isokinetic dynamometry is a standard technique for strength testing and training. Nevertheless reliability and validity is limited due to inertia effects, especially for high velocities. Therefore in a first methodological approach the purpose was to evaluate a new isokinetic measurement mode including inertia compensation compared to a classic isokinetic measurement mode for single and multijoint movements at different velocities. Isokinetic maximum strength measurements were carried out in 26 healthy active subjects. Tests were performed using classic isokinetic and new isokinetic mode in random order. Maximum torque/force, maximum movement velocity and time for acceleration were calculated. For inter-instrument agreement Bland and Altman analysis, systematic and random error was quantified. Differences between both methods were assessed (ANOVA alpha = 0.05). Bland and Altman analysis showed the highest agreement between the two modes for strength and velocity measurements (bias: < +/- 1.1%; LOA: < 14.2%) in knee flexion/extension at slow isokinetic velocity (60 degrees/s). Least agreement (range: bias: -67.6% +/- 119.0%; LOA: 53.4% 69.3%) was observed for shoulder/arm test at high isokinetic velocity (360 degrees/s). The Isokin(new) mode showed higher maximum movement velocities (p < 0.05). For low isokinetic velocities the new mode agrees with the classic mode. Especially at high isokinetic velocities the new isokinetic mode shows relevant benefits coupled with a possible trade-off with the force/torque measurement. In conclusion, this study offers for the first time a comparison between the 'classical' and inertia-compensated isokinetic dynamometers indicating the advantages and disadvantages associated with each individual approach, particularly as they relate to medium or high velocities in testing and training. KW - Strength testing KW - concentric KW - validity KW - trunk KW - knee KW - shoulder Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/IES-2011-0398 SN - 0959-3020 VL - 19 IS - 2 SP - 63 EP - 70 PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grüne, Stefanie T1 - Is there a Gap in Kant's B Deduction? JF - International journal of philosophical studies N2 - In 'Beyond the Myth of the Myth: A Kantian Theory of Non-Conceptual Content', Robert Hanna argues for a very strong kind of non-conceptualism, and claims that this kind of non-conceptualism originally has been developed by Kant. But according to 'Kant's Non-Conceptualism, Rogue Objects and the Gap in the B Deduction', Kant's non-conceptualism poses a serious problem for his argument for the objective validity of the categories, namely the problem that there is a gap in the B Deduction. This gap is that the B Deduction goes through only if conceptualism is true, but Kant is a non-conceptualist. In this paper, I will argue, contrary to what Hanna claims, that there is not a gap in the B Deduction. KW - Kant KW - concepts KW - non-conceptualism KW - intuition KW - synthesis Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/09672559.2011.595196 SN - 0967-2559 VL - 19 IS - 3 SP - 465 EP - 490 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Laucht, Manfred A1 - Blomeyer, Dorothea A1 - El-Faddagh, Mahha A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Schmidt, Martin A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias A1 - Becker, Katja T1 - Are regulatory problems in infancy precursors of ADHD in childhood? a moderating role for the dopamine D4 receptor gene T2 - Infant mental health journal Y1 - 2011 SN - 0163-9641 VL - 32 IS - 3 SP - 212 EP - 212 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rivera Villarreyes, C. A. A1 - Baroni, Gabriele A1 - Oswald, Sascha T1 - Integral quantification of seasonal soil moisture changes in farmland by cosmic-ray neutrons JF - Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS N2 - Soil moisture at the plot or hill-slope scale is an important link between local vadose zone hydrology and catchment hydrology. However, so far only a few methods are on the way to close this gap between point measurements and remote sensing. One new measurement methodology that could determine integral soil moisture at this scale is the aboveground sensing of cosmic-ray neutrons, more precisely of ground albedo neutrons. The present study performed ground albedo neutron sensing (GANS) at an agricultural field in northern Germany. To test the method it was accompanied by other soil moisture measurements for a summer period with corn crops growing on the field and a later autumn-winter period without crops and a longer period of snow cover. Additionally, meteorological data and aboveground crop biomass were included in the evaluation. Hourly values of ground albedo neutron sensing showed a high statistical variability. Six-hourly values corresponded well with classical soil moisture measurements, after calibration based on one reference dry period and three wet periods of a few days each. Crop biomass seemed to influence the measurements only to minor degree, opposed to snow cover which has a more substantial impact on the measurements. The latter could be quantitatively related to a newly introduced field neutron ratio estimated from neutron counting rates of two energy ranges. Overall, our study outlines a procedure to apply the ground albedo neutron sensing method based on devices now commercially available, without the need for accompanying numerical simulations and suited for longer monitoring periods after initial calibration. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-3843-2011 SN - 1027-5606 VL - 15 IS - 12 SP - 3843 EP - 3859 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Munz, Matthias A1 - Oswald, Sascha A1 - Schmidt, C. T1 - Sand box experiments to evaluate the influence of subsurface temperature probe design on temperature based water flux calculation JF - Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS N2 - Quantification of subsurface water fluxes based on the one dimensional solution to the heat transport equation depends on the accuracy of measured subsurface temperatures. The influence of temperature probe setup on the accuracy of vertical water flux calculation was systematically evaluated in this experimental study. Four temperature probe setups were installed into a sand box experiment to measure temporal highly resolved vertical temperature profiles under controlled water fluxes in the range of +/- 1.3 md(-1). Pass band filtering provided amplitude differences and phase shifts of the diurnal temperature signal varying with depth depending on water flux. Amplitude ratios of setups directly installed into the saturated sediment significantly varied with sand box hydraulic gradients. Amplitude ratios provided an accurate basis for the analytical calculation of water flow velocities, which matched measured flow velocities. Calculated flow velocities were sensitive to thermal properties of saturated sediment and to temperature sensor spacing, but insensitive to thermal dispersivity equal to solute dispersivity. Amplitude ratios of temperature probe setups indirectly installed into piezometer pipes were influenced by thermal exchange processes within the pipes and significantly varied with water flux direction only. Temperature time lags of small sensor distances of all setups were found to be insensitive to vertical water flux. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-3495-2011 SN - 1027-5606 VL - 15 IS - 11 SP - 3495 EP - 3510 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fader, Marianelle A1 - Gerten, Dieter A1 - Thammer, M. A1 - Heinke, J. A1 - Lotze-Campen, Hermann A1 - Lucht, Wolfgang A1 - Cramer, Wolfgang T1 - Internal and external green-blue agricultural water footprints of nations, and related water and land savings through trade JF - Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS N2 - The need to increase food production for a growing world population makes an assessment of global agricultural water productivities and virtual water flows important. Using the hydrology and agro-biosphere model LPJmL, we quantify at 0.5 degrees resolution the amount of blue and green water (irrigation and precipitation water) needed to produce one unit of crop yield, for 11 of the world's major crop types. Based on these, we also quantify the agricultural water footprints (WFP) of all countries, for the period 1998-2002, distinguishing internal and external WFP (virtual water imported from other countries) and their blue and green components, respectively. Moreover, we calculate water savings and losses, and for the first time also land savings and losses, through international trade with these products. The consistent separation of blue and green water flows and footprints shows that green water globally dominates both the internal and external WFP (84% of the global WFP and 94% of the external WFP rely on green water). While no country ranks among the top ten with respect to all water footprints calculated here, Pakistan and Iran demonstrate high absolute and per capita blue WFP, and the US and India demonstrate high absolute green and blue WFPs. The external WFPs are relatively small (6% of the total global blue WFP, 16% of the total global green WFP). Nevertheless, current trade of the products considered here saves significant water volumes and land areas (similar to 263 km(3) and similar to 41 Mha, respectively, equivalent to 5% of the sowing area of the considered crops and 3.5% of the annual precipitation on this area). Relating the proportions of external to internal blue/green WFP to the per capita WFPs allows recognizing that only a few countries consume more water from abroad than from their own territory and have at the same time above-average WFPs. Thus, countries with high per capita water consumption affect mainly the water availability in their own country. Finally, this study finds that flows/savings of both virtual water and virtual land need to be analysed together, since they are intrinsically related. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-1641-2011 SN - 1027-5606 VL - 15 IS - 5 SP - 1641 EP - 1660 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ballato, Paolo A1 - Uba, Cornelius Eji A1 - Landgraf, Angela A1 - Strecker, Manfred A1 - Sudo, Masafumi A1 - Stockli, Daniel F. A1 - Friedrich, Anke M. A1 - Tabatabaei, Saeid H. T1 - Arabia-Eurasia continental collision insights from late Tertiary foreland-basin evolution in the Alborz Mountains, northern Iran JF - Geological Society of America bulletin N2 - A poorly understood lag time of 15-20 m.y. exists between the initial Arabia-Eurasia continental collision in late Eocene to early Oligocene time and the acceleration of tectonic and sedimentary processes across the collision zone in the early to late Miocene. The late Eocene to Miocene-Pliocene clastic and shallow-marine sedimentary rocks of the Kond, Eyvanekey, and Semnan Basins in the Alborz Mountains (northern Iran) offer the possibility to track the evolution of this orogen in the framework of collision processes. A transition from volcaniclastic submarine deposits to shallow-marine evaporites and terrestrial sediments occurred shortly after 36 Ma in association with reversals in sediment provenance, strata tilting, and erosional unroofing. These events followed the termination of subduction arc magmatism and marked a changeover from an extensional to a contractional regime in response to initiation of continental collision with the subduction of stretched Arabian lithosphere. This early stage of collision produced topographic relief associated with shallow foreland basins, suggesting that shortening and tectonic loading occurred at low rates. Starting from the early Miocene (17.5 Ma), flexural subsidence in response to foreland basin initiation occurred. Fast sediment accumulation rates and erosional unroofing trends point to acceleration of shortening by the early Miocene. We suggest that the lag time between the initiation of continental collision (36 Ma) and the acceleration of regional deformation (20-17.5 Ma) reflects a two-stage collision process, involving the "soft" collision of stretched lithosphere at first and "hard" collision following the arrival of unstretched Arabian continental litho sphere in the subduction zone. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1130/B30091.1 SN - 0016-7606 VL - 123 IS - 1-2 SP - 106 EP - 131 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Boulder ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lai, Alvina G. A1 - Denton-Giles, Matthew A1 - Müller-Röber, Bernd A1 - Schippers, Jos H. M. A1 - Dijkwel, Paul P. T1 - Positional information resolves structural variations and uncovers an evolutionarily divergent genetic locus in accessions of arabidopsis thaliana JF - Genome biology and evolution N2 - Genome sequencing of closely related individuals has yielded valuable insights that link genome evolution to phenotypic variations. However, advancement in sequencing technology has also led to an escalation in the number of poor quality-drafted genomes assembled based on reference genomes that can have highly divergent or haplotypic regions. The self-fertilizing nature of Arabidopsis thaliana poses an advantage to sequencing projects because its genome is mostly homozygous. To determine the accuracy of an Arabidopsis drafted genome in less conserved regions, we performed a resequencing experiment on a similar to 371-kb genomic interval in the Landsberg erecta (Ler-0) accession. We identified novel structural variations (SVs) between Ler-0 and the reference accession Col-0 using a long-range polymerase chain reaction approach to generate an Illumina data set that has positional information, that is, a data set with reads that map to a known location. Positional information is important for accurate genome assembly and the resolution of SVs particularly in highly duplicated or repetitive regions. Sixty-one regions with misassembly signatures were identified from the Ler-0 draft, suggesting the presence of novel SVs that are not represented in the draft sequence. Sixty of those were resolved by iterative mapping using our data set. Fifteen large indels (> 100 bp) identified from this study were found to be located either within protein-coding regions or upstream regulatory regions, suggesting the formation of novel alleles or altered regulation of existing genes in Ler-0. We propose future genome-sequencing experiments to follow a clone-based approach that incorporates positional information to ultimately reveal haplotype-specific differences between accessions. KW - haplotype KW - allelic variants KW - drafted genomes KW - genome partitioning KW - comparative genomics Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evr038 SN - 1759-6653 VL - 3 IS - 1-2 SP - 627 EP - 640 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weidlich, Matthias A1 - Polyvyanyy, Artem A1 - Mendling, Jan A1 - Weske, Mathias T1 - Causal behavioural profiles - efficient computation, applications, and evaluation JF - Fundamenta informaticae N2 - Analysis of behavioural consistency is an important aspect of software engineering. In process and service management, consistency verification of behavioural models has manifold applications. For instance, a business process model used as system specification and a corresponding workflow model used as implementation have to be consistent. Another example would be the analysis to what degree a process log of executed business operations is consistent with the corresponding normative process model. Typically, existing notions of behaviour equivalence, such as bisimulation and trace equivalence, are applied as consistency notions. Still, these notions are exponential in computation and yield a Boolean result. In many cases, however, a quantification of behavioural deviation is needed along with concepts to isolate the source of deviation. In this article, we propose causal behavioural profiles as the basis for a consistency notion. These profiles capture essential behavioural information, such as order, exclusiveness, and causality between pairs of activities of a process model. Consistency based on these profiles is weaker than trace equivalence, but can be computed efficiently for a broad class of models. In this article, we introduce techniques for the computation of causal behavioural profiles using structural decomposition techniques for sound free-choice workflow systems if unstructured net fragments are acyclic or can be traced back to S-or T-nets. We also elaborate on the findings of applying our technique to three industry model collections. KW - Causal Behavioural Profiles KW - Formal Methods KW - Behavioural Abstraction KW - Structural Decomposition KW - Exclusiveness KW - Concurrency KW - Order Relations KW - Causality KW - Optionality Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/FI-2011-614 SN - 0169-2968 VL - 113 IS - 3-4 SP - 399 EP - 435 PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cilia, Elisa A1 - Landwehr, Niels A1 - Passerini, Andrea T1 - Relational feature mining with hierarchical multitask kFOIL JF - Fundamenta informaticae N2 - We introduce hierarchical kFOIL as a simple extension of the multitask kFOIL learning algorithm. The algorithm first learns a core logic representation common to all tasks, and then refines it by specialization on a per-task basis. The approach can be easily generalized to a deeper hierarchy of tasks. A task clustering algorithm is also proposed in order to automatically generate the task hierarchy. The approach is validated on problems of drug-resistance mutation prediction and protein structural classification. Experimental results show the advantage of the hierarchical version over both single and multi task alternatives and its potential usefulness in providing explanatory features for the domain. Task clustering allows to further improve performance when a deeper hierarchy is considered. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/FI-2011-604 SN - 0169-2968 VL - 113 IS - 2 SP - 151 EP - 177 PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Telkemeyer, Silke A1 - Rossi, Sonja A1 - Nierhaus, Till A1 - Steinbrink, Jens A1 - Obrig, Hellmuth A1 - Wartenburger, Isabell T1 - Acoustic processing of temporally modulated sounds in infants evidence from a combined near-infrared spectroscopy and EEG study JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Speech perception requires rapid extraction of the linguistic content from the acoustic signal. The ability to efficiently process rapid changes in auditory information is important for decoding speech and thereby crucial during language acquisition. Investigating functional networks of speech perception in infancy might elucidate neuronal ensembles supporting perceptual abilities that gate language acquisition. Interhemispheric specializations for language have been demonstrated in infants. How these asymmetries are shaped by basic temporal acoustic properties is under debate. We recently provided evidence that newborns process non-linguistic sounds sharing temporal features with language in a differential and lateralized fashion. The present study used the same material while measuring brain responses of 6 and 3 month old infants using simultaneous recordings of electroencephalography (EEG) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). NIRS reveals that the lateralization observed in newborns remains constant over the first months of life. While fast acoustic modulations elicit bilateral neuronal activations, slow modulations lead to right-lateralized responses. Additionally, auditory-evoked potentials and oscillatory EEG responses show differential responses for fast and slow modulations indicating a sensitivity for temporal acoustic variations. Oscillatory responses reveal an effect of development, that is, 6 but not 3 month old infants show stronger theta-band desynchronization for slowly modulated sounds. Whether this developmental effect is due to increasing fine-grained perception for spectrotemporal sounds in general remains speculative. Our findings support the notion that a more general specialization for acoustic properties can be considered the basis for lateralization of speech perception. The results show that concurrent assessment of vascular based imaging and electrophysiological responses have great potential in the research on language acquisition. KW - infants KW - speech perception KW - language acquisition KW - auditory processing KW - near-infrared spectroscopy KW - event related potentials KW - brain oscillations Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00062 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 2 IS - 2 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Wei, Ping A1 - Dambacher, Michael A1 - Yan, Ming A1 - Zhou, Xiaolin T1 - Experimental effects and individual differences in linear mixed models estimating the relationship between spatial, object, and attraction effects in visual attention JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Linear mixed models (LMMs) provide a still underused methodological perspective on combining experimental and individual-differences research. Here we illustrate this approach with two-rectangle cueing in visual attention (Egly et al., 1994). We replicated previous experimental cue-validity effects relating to a spatial shift of attention within an object (spatial effect), to attention switch between objects (object effect), and to the attraction of attention toward the display centroid (attraction effect), also taking into account the design-inherent imbalance of valid and other trials. We simultaneously estimated variance/covariance components of subject-related random effects for these spatial, object, and attraction effects in addition to their mean reaction times (RTs). The spatial effect showed a strong positive correlation with mean RT and a strong negative correlation with the attraction effect. The analysis of individual differences suggests that slow subjects engage attention more strongly at the cued location than fast subjects. We compare this joint LMM analysis of experimental effects and associated subject-related variances and correlations with two frequently used alternative statistical procedures. KW - linear mixed model KW - individual differences KW - visual attention KW - spatial attention KW - object-based attention Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00238 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 2 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fischer, Martin H. A1 - Brugger, Peter T1 - When digits help digits spatial-numerical associations point to finger counting as prime example of embodied cognition JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Spatial numerical associations (SNAs) are prevalent yet their origin is poorly understood. We first consider the possible prime role of reading habits in shaping SNAs and list three observations that argue against a prominent influence of this role: (1) directional reading habits for numbers may conflict with those for non-numerical symbols, (2) short-term experimental manipulations can overrule the impact of decades of reading experience, (3) SNAs predate the acquisition of reading. As a promising alternative, we discuss behavioral, neuroscientific, and neuropsychological evidence in support of finger counting as the most likely initial determinant of SNAs. Implications of this "manumerical cognition" stance for the distinction between grounded, embodied, and situated cognition are discussed. KW - embodied cognition KW - finger counting KW - numerical cognition Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00260 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 2 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ryngajllo, Malgorzata A1 - Childs, Liam H. A1 - Lohse, Marc A1 - Giorgi, Federico M. A1 - Lude, Anja A1 - Selbig, Joachim A1 - Usadel, Björn T1 - SLocX predicting subcellular localization of Arabidopsis proteins leveraging gene expression data JF - Frontiers in plant science N2 - Despite the growing volume of experimentally validated knowledge about the subcellular localization of plant proteins, a well performing in silico prediction tool is still a necessity. Existing tools, which employ information derived from protein sequence alone, offer limited accuracy and/or rely on full sequence availability. We explored whether gene expression profiling data can be harnessed to enhance prediction performance. To achieve this, we trained several support vector machines to predict the subcellular localization of Arabidopsis thaliana proteins using sequence derived information, expression behavior, or a combination of these data and compared their predictive performance through a cross-validation test. We show that gene expression carries information about the subcellular localization not available in sequence information, yielding dramatic benefits for plastid localization prediction, and some notable improvements for other compartments such as the mito-chondrion, the Golgi, and the plasma membrane. Based on these results, we constructed a novel subcellular localization prediction engine, SLocX, combining gene expression profiling data with protein sequence-based information. We then validated the results of this engine using an independent test set of annotated proteins and a transient expression of GFP fusion proteins. Here, we present the prediction framework and a website of predicted localizations for Arabidopsis. The relatively good accuracy of our prediction engine, even in cases where only partial protein sequence is available (e.g., in sequences lacking the N-terminal region), offers a promising opportunity for similar application to non-sequenced or poorly annotated plant species. Although the prediction scope of our method is currently limited by the availability of expression information on the ATH1 array, we believe that the advances in measuring gene expression technology will make our method applicable for all Arabidopsis proteins. KW - subcellular localization KW - support vector machine KW - prediction KW - gene expression Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2011.00043 SN - 1664-462X VL - 2 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ruprecht, Colin A1 - Mutwil, Marek A1 - Saxe, Friederike A1 - Eder, Michaela A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran A1 - Persson, Staffan T1 - Large-scale co-expression approach to dissect secondary cell wall formation across plant species JF - Frontiers in plant science N2 - Plant cell walls are complex composites largely consisting of carbohydrate-based polymers, and are generally divided into primary and secondary walls based on content and characteristics. Cellulose microfibrils constitute a major component of both primary and secondary cell walls and are synthesized at the plasma membrane by cellulose synthase (CESA) complexes. Several studies in Arabidopsis have demonstrated the power of co-expression analyses to identify new genes associated with secondary wall cellulose biosynthesis. However, across-species comparative co-expression analyses remain largely unexplored. Here, we compared co-expressed gene vicinity networks of primary and secondary wall CESAsin Arabidopsis, barley, rice, poplar, soybean, Medicago, and wheat, and identified gene families that are consistently co-regulated with cellulose biosynthesis. In addition to the expected polysaccharide acting enzymes, we also found many gene families associated with cytoskeleton, signaling, transcriptional regulation, oxidation, and protein degradation. Based on these analyses, we selected and biochemically analyzed T-DNA insertion lines corresponding to approximately twenty genes from gene families that re-occur in the co-expressed gene vicinity networks of secondary wall CESAs across the seven species. We developed a statistical pipeline using principal component analysis and optimal clustering based on silhouette width to analyze sugar profiles. One of the mutants, corresponding to a pinoresinol reductase gene, displayed disturbed xylem morphology and held lower levels of lignin molecules. We propose that this type of large-scale co-expression approach, coupled with statistical analysis of the cell wall contents, will be useful to facilitate rapid knowledge transfer across plant species. KW - secondary cell wall KW - comparative co-expression analysis KW - Arabidopsis KW - cellulose Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2011.00023 SN - 1664-462X VL - 2 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lappe, Michael A1 - Kallmeyer, Jens T1 - A cell extraction method for oily sediments JF - Frontiers in microbiology N2 - Hydrocarbons can be found in many different habitats and represent an important carbon source for microbes. As fossil fuels, they are also an important economical resource and through natural seepage or accidental release they can be major pollutants. DNA-specific stains and molecular probes bind to hydrocarbons, causing massive background fluorescence, thereby hampering cell enumeration. The cell extraction procedure of Kallmeyer et al. (2008) separates the cells from the sediment matrix. In principle, this technique can also be used to separate cells from oily sediments, but it was not originally optimized for this application. Here we present a modified extraction method in which the hydrocarbons are removed prior to cell extraction. Due to the reduced background fluorescence the microscopic image becomes clearer, making cell identification, and enumeration much easier. Consequently, the resulting cell counts from oily samples treated according to our new protocol are significantly higher than those treated according to Kallmeyer et al. (2008). We tested different amounts of a variety of solvents for their ability to remove hydrocarbons and found that n-hexane and in samples containing more mature oils methanol, delivered the best results. However, as solvents also tend to lyse cells, it was important to find the optimum solvent to sample ratio, at which hydrocarbon extraction is maximized and cell lysis minimized. A volumetric ratio of 1:2-1:5 between a formalin-fixed sediment slurry and solvent delivered highest cell counts. Extraction efficiency was around 30-50% and was checked on both oily samples spiked with known amounts of E. coli cells and oil-free samples amended with fresh and biodegraded oil. The method provided reproducible results on samples containing very different kinds of oils with regard to their degree of biodegradation. For strongly biodegraded oil MeOH turned out to be the most appropriate solvent, whereas for less biodegraded samples n-hexane delivered best results. KW - cell enumeration KW - hydrocarbons KW - cell separation KW - subsurface microbiology Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2011.00233 SN - 1664-302X VL - 2 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grahn, R. A. A1 - Kurushima, J. D. A1 - Billings, N. C. A1 - Grahn, J. C. A1 - Halverson, J. L. A1 - Hammer, E. A1 - Ho, C. K. A1 - Kun, T. J. A1 - Levy, J. K. A1 - Lipinski, M. J. A1 - Mwenda, J. M. A1 - Ozpinar, H. A1 - Schuster, R. K. A1 - Shoorijeh, S. J. A1 - Tarditi, C. R. A1 - Waly, N. E. A1 - Wictum, E. J. A1 - Lyons, L. A. T1 - Feline non-repetitive mitochondrial DNA control region database for forensic evidence JF - Forensic science international : an international journal dedicated to the applications of genetics in the administration of justice ; Genetics N2 - The domestic cat is the one of the most popular pets throughout the world. A by-product of owning, interacting with, or being in a household with a cat is the transfer of shed fur to clothing or personal objects. As trace evidence, transferred cat fur is a relatively untapped resource for forensic scientists. Both phenotypic and genotypic characteristics can be obtained from cat fur, but databases for neither aspect exist. Because cats incessantly groom, cat fur may have nucleated cells, not only in the hair bulb, but also as epithelial cells on the hair shaft deposited during the grooming process, thereby generally providing material for DNA profiling. To effectively exploit cat hair as a resource, representative databases must be established. The current study evaluates 402 bp of the mtDNA control region (CR) from 1394 cats, including cats from 25 distinct worldwide populations and 26 breeds. Eighty-three percent of the cats are represented by 12 major mitotypes. An additional 8.0% are clearly derived from the major mitotypes. Unique sequences are found in 7.5% of the cats. The overall genetic diversity for this data set is 0.8813 +/- 0.0046 with a random match probability of 11.8%. This region of the cat mtDNA has discriminatory power suitable for forensic application worldwide. KW - Forensic science KW - Domestic cat KW - mtDNA KW - Mitochondria KW - d-Loop KW - Control region Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2010.01.013 SN - 1872-4973 VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - 33 EP - 42 PB - Elsevier CY - Clare ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Biglu, S. A1 - Biglu, M. H. A1 - Falk, C. T1 - Scientometric study of scientific production n psyciatry T2 - European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists Y1 - 2011 SN - 0924-9338 VL - 26 IS - 1 PB - Elsevier CY - Paris ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Biermann, Ursula A1 - Meier, Michael A. R. A1 - Butte, Werner A1 - Metzger, Jürgen O. T1 - Cross-metathesis of unsaturated triglycerides with methyl acrylate synthesis of a dimeric metathesis product JF - European journal of lipid science and technology N2 - Highly functionalized dimeric triglycerides, such as compound 2, are obtained as minor products besides branched macromolecules from the acyclic triene metathesis (ATMET) polymerization of unsaturated triglycerides such as glyceryl triundec-10-enoate 1 and methyl acrylate (MA) in the presence of the second generation Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst. The formed amount of interesting products of lower molecular weight during the ATMET reaction depends on the ratio of MA and triglyceride, reaction time, and temperature. We isolated the dimeric metathesis product 2 and synthesized the respective partially hydrogenated dimer 3 regioselectivly in a seven step reaction sequence starting from 10-undecenoic acid 7 and glycerol. Product 3 was unambiguously characterized by (13)C and (1)H NMR and MS as well as the further intermediate products of the seven step reaction including 10,11 bromo-undecanoic acid 8, the respective brominated 1,3-diglyceride 9, the brominated 1,3-triglyceride 6, and the self-metathesis products 4 and 5 which were isolated and purified. KW - Highly functionalized dimeric triglycerides KW - Olefin self- and cross-metathesis KW - Renewable resources Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201000109 SN - 1438-7697 VL - 113 IS - 1 SP - 39 EP - 45 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kreye, Oliver A1 - Toth, Tommy A1 - Meier, Michael A. R. T1 - Poly-alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes derived from castor oil via ADMET polymerization JF - European journal of lipid science and technology N2 - 10-Undecenal, derived by pyrolysis and reduction from castor oil, was almost quantitatively transformed into the corresponding aldol condensation product under basic conditions. This alpha,omega-diene monomer was polymerized using acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization. In a catalyst screening, four of nine different ruthenium-based metathesis catalysts showed good reactivity under neat conditions at 80 degrees C in the presence of 1,4-benzoquinone and polymers with molecular weights up to 11 kDa were formed. Furthermore, the (1)H NMR spectra showed that the metathesis catalysts tolerate the alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde function and due to the addition of benzoquinone, the degree of double bond isomerization was low. Further experiments investigating reduced catalyst amounts (down to 0.2 mol%) and the temperature dependence of these ADMET polymerizations gave also satisfying results for the formation of poly-alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes. Moreover, ADMET polymerizations with different amounts of methyl 10-undecenoate as chain-stopper were performed and the integrals of the corresponding (1)H NMR spectra allowed the determination of an absolute degree of polymerization. Finally, a reduction of a poly-alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde with sodium borohydride was accomplished. The resulting poly-(allyl alcohol) could be a useful compound in the generation of polymer networks like polyesters, polyurethanes, and polycarbonates and thus be of high interest in materials research. KW - ADMET KW - Aldol condensation KW - Castor oil KW - Poly(allyl alcohol)s KW - Poly-alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201000108 SN - 1438-7697 VL - 113 IS - 1 SP - 31 EP - 38 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krahé, Barbara A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina T1 - Sexual scripts and the acceptance of sexual aggression in Polish adolescents JF - European journal of developmental psychology N2 - A study with 199 Polish adolescents explored the prominence of risk factors of sexual aggression as part of the sexual scripts for consensual sexual encounters and as predictors of the acceptance of sexual aggression. Distinguishing between general scripts, attributed to the age group as a whole, and individual scripts, reflecting personal standards, sexual scripts were linked to the normative endorsement of the risk factors and to the acceptance of sexual aggression. Individual scripts contained fewer risk factors of sexual aggression than general scripts. The more prominently the risk elements featured in the individual (but not in the general) scripts, the more they were seen as acceptable. For boys, risk scores in individual scripts were correlated with sexual behaviour and linked to the acceptance of sexual aggression via their normative endorsement. The distinction between individual and general scripts as guidelines for behaviour is discussed in terms of its significance for the understanding of sexual aggression. KW - Sexual scripts KW - Sexuality KW - Sexual aggression KW - Adolescence KW - Poland Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2011.611034 SN - 1740-5629 VL - 8 IS - 6 SP - 697 EP - 712 PB - Wiley CY - Hove ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ette, Ottmar T1 - The Alexander von Humboldt date perspectives of a pioneer for the 21st Century JF - Études germaniques : revue trimestrielle de la Société des Études Germaniques Y1 - 2011 SN - 0014-2115 VL - 66 IS - 1 SP - 123 EP - 138 PB - Didier Erudition CY - Paris ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mischke, Steffen A1 - Zhang, Chengjun T1 - Ostracod distribution in Ulungur Lake (Xinjiang, China) and a reassessed Holocene record JF - Ecological research N2 - Ostracod shells in surface sediments from Ulungur Lake (Xinjiang, China) belong mainly to Limnocythere inopinata as the dominant species, and Candona neglecta and Darwinula stevensoni as accompanying, less abundant taxa. Shells of an additional nine species were recorded only sporadically. The three most abundant ostracods have wide tolerance ranges in terms of salinity, substrate and water depth. The similarly recorded bivalve Pisidium subtruncatum, and the gastropods Gyraulus chinensis and Radix auricularia belong to the most tolerant representatives of the genera. The bivalve and gastropods, in addition to the ostracod assemblage, reflect the fact that Ulungur Lake has experienced strong lake level and salinity variations due to water withdrawal in the catchment and the counteracting diversion of river waters to the lake in recent decades. The substrate in Ulungur Lake is typically fine-grained, apart from the delta region of the Ulungur River channel, which is marked by relatively coarse-grained detrital sediments barren of ostracod shells. This channel was created 40 years ago to divert water to Ulungur Lake and support its local fisheries and recreational facilities. A reassessed Holocene ostracod record from the lake shows that a significantly higher salinity and lower lake level existed in the early Holocene before 6.0 ka in response to the regional climate. In contrast, a higher lake level and lowest salinity is inferred for the late Holocene period between ca. 3.6 and 1.3 ka before present. Afterwards, the lake level declined and salinity increased in response to regional moisture reduction, although conditions similar to the early Holocene lake status were not re-established. Our surface-sediment-derived data provide a baseline for analysis of future environmental variations due to global climate change and regional water management. KW - Ostracoda KW - Water depth KW - Substrate KW - Holocene KW - Central Asia Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-010-0768-1 SN - 0912-3814 VL - 26 IS - 1 SP - 133 EP - 145 PB - Springer CY - Tokyo ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schleussner, Carl-Friedrich A1 - Frieler, Katja A1 - Meinshausen, Malte A1 - Yin, J. A1 - Levermann, Anders T1 - Emulating Atlantic overturning strength for low emission scenarios consequences for sea-level rise along the North American east coast JF - Earth system dynamics N2 - In order to provide probabilistic projections of the future evolution of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), we calibrated a simple Stommel-type box model to emulate the output of fully coupled three-dimensional atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). Based on this calibration to idealised global warming scenarios with and without interactive atmosphere-ocean fluxes and freshwater perturbation simulations, we project the future evolution of the AMOC mean strength within the covered calibration range for the lower two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) until 2100 obtained from the reduced complexity carbon cycle-climate model MAGICC 6. For RCP3-PD with a global mean temperature median below 1.0 degrees C warming relative to the year 2000, we project an ensemble median weakening of up to 11% compared to 22% under RCP4.5 with a warming median up to 1.9 degrees C over the 21st century. Additional Greenland meltwater of 10 and 20 cm of global sea-level rise equivalent further weakens the AMOC by about 4.5 and 10 %, respectively. By combining our outcome with a multi-model sea-level rise study we project a dynamic sea-level rise along the New York City coastline of 4 cm for the RCP3-PD and of 8 cm for the RCP4.5 scenario over the 21st century. We estimate the total steric and dynamic sea-level rise for New York City to be about 24 cm until 2100 for the RCP3-PD scenario, which can hold as a lower bound for sea-level rise projections in this region, as it does not include ice sheet and mountain glacier contributions. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-2-191-2011 SN - 2190-4979 SN - 2190-4987 VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - 191 EP - 200 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schewe, Jacob A1 - Levermann, Anders A1 - Meinshausen, Malte T1 - Climate change under a scenario near 1.5 degrees C of global warming: monsoon intensification, ocean warming and steric sea level rise JF - Earth system dynamics N2 - We present climatic consequences of the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) using the coupled climate model CLIMBER-3 alpha, which contains a statistical-dynamical atmosphere and a three-dimensional ocean model. We compare those with emulations of 19 state-of-the-art atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCM) using MAGICC6. The RCPs are designed as standard scenarios for the forthcoming IPCC Fifth Assessment Report to span the full range of future greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations pathways currently discussed. The lowest of the RCP scenarios, RCP3-PD, is projected in CLIMBER-3 alpha to imply a maximal warming by the middle of the 21st century slightly above 1.5 degrees C and a slow decline of temperatures thereafter, approaching today's level by 2500. We identify two mechanisms that slow down global cooling after GHG concentrations peak: The known inertia induced by mixing-related oceanic heat uptake; and a change in oceanic convection that enhances ocean heat loss in high latitudes, reducing the surface cooling rate by almost 50%. Steric sea level rise under the RCP3-PD scenario continues for 200 years after the peak in surface air temperatures, stabilizing around 2250 at 30 cm. This contrasts with around 1.3 m of steric sea level rise by 2250, and 2 m by 2500, under the highest scenario, RCP8.5. Maximum oceanic warming at intermediate depth (300-800 m) is found to exceed that of the sea surface by the second half of the 21st century under RCP3-PD. This intermediate-depth warming persists for centuries even after surface temperatures have returned to present-day values, with potential consequences for marine ecosystems, oceanic methane hydrates, and ice-shelf stability. Due to an enhanced land-ocean temperature contrast, all scenarios yield an intensification of monsoon rainfall under global warming. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-2-25-2011 SN - 2190-4979 SN - 2190-4987 VL - 2 IS - 1 SP - 25 EP - 35 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scharhag, Jürgen A1 - Knebel, F. A1 - Mayer, Frank A1 - Kindermann, Wilfried T1 - Does marathon running damage the heart? - an update JF - Deutsche Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Sportmedizin und Prävention (Deutscher Sportärztebund) e.V. (DGSP) und Weiterbildungsorgan der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Sportmedizin und Prävention N2 - Since the legend of the ancient Marathon run, the risk of endurance exercise-induced cardiovascular damage or sudden cardiac death is discussed. In recent studies, the exercise-induced increases in cardiac biomarkers in endurance athletes as well as acute alterations in cardiac function and cardiovascular abnormalities have been reported. As elevations of the cardiac biomarkers troponin and BM) have been observed frequently for the vast majority of athletes after Marathon runs or strenuous exercise bouts followed by a decrease within a short period, a physiological reaction rather than a pathologicial cause is presumed. Also a transient decrease of cardiac function demonstrated by newer echocardiographic techniques (tissue Doppler or speckle tracking imaging, 3D echocardiography) after strenuous exercise often termed "cardiac fatigue" should not be considered necessarily as pathologic, as cardiac function also depends on hemodynamic load and heart rate. Furthermore, exercise-induced changes in cardiac function did not correlate with exercise-induced increases in cardiac biomarkers in most studies. The functional cardiac alterations can also be detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after Marathon runs. However, no signs of acute or chronic myocardial damage have been demonstrated in MRI studies in cardiovascular healthy athletes after running a Marathon, although especially in older athletes undetected cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease or myocardial necrosis or fibrosis can be present. hi conclusion, according to recent studies. there seems to be a lack of evidence to support endurance exercise-induced cardiac damage in the healthy heart which is adapted tostrenous exercise by regular endurance training. Nevertheless, as running a Marathon results in a high cardiac load, a sufficient endurance training period as well as a preparticipation or regular medical screening to exclude relevant congenital or aquired cardiovascular diseases is recommended from a sports cardiology perspective to exclude relevant congenital or acquired cardiovascular diseases KW - Marathon KW - cardiac biomarkers KW - endurance exercise KW - athlete's heart KW - cardiac fatigue Y1 - 2011 SN - 0344-5925 VL - 62 IS - 9 SP - 293 EP - 298 PB - WWF-Verl.-Ges. CY - Greven ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kahlert, Daniela A1 - Brand, Ralf T1 - Comparing self-report and accelerometry data a contribution to the validation of the MoMo-Physical activity questionnaire for children and adolescents JF - Deutsche Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Sportmedizin und Prävention (Deutscher Sportärztebund) e.V. (DGSP) und Weiterbildungsorgan der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Sportmedizin und Prävention N2 - According to the results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) published in 2009, only 5% to 8% of the 15-17-year-old adolescents reach the current recommendations on health-enhancing physical activity This result (besides others in the survey) rests on data measured with the 25-item physical activity questionnaire for children and adolescents (MoMo-AFB). The present study compares two different methods of assessing physical activity with the purpose of testing the validity of the MoMo-AFB self-report. First, we measured the physical activity status of 73 15 to 18-year-old pupils (32 boys and 41 girls) over seven days via objective accelerometry (ActiGraph GT1M), then the pupils completed the MoMo-AFB for the same (previous) period. Results show that using the MoMo-AFB leads to higher levels of self-reported physical activity than measuring it with accelerometers. Furthermore, only the MoMo-AFB subscale MVPA (moderate-to-vigorous physical activity), that uses two single items to decide whether the health-enhancing physical activity recommendation is reached or failed, corresponds statistically significantly with the accelerometry data. For all other subscales (e.g. school- or leisure time activity), we found no agreement. Further research, first of all on the measurement quality of the MoMo-AFB but also on the physical (in)activity status of children and adolescents, is needed. KW - Physical activity KW - means of measurement KW - physical activity questionnaires KW - accelerometry KW - adolescents Y1 - 2011 SN - 0344-5925 VL - 62 IS - 2 SP - 36 EP - + PB - WWF-Verl.-Ges. CY - Greven ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krüger, Hans-Peter T1 - The body-body-difference of persons eccentric positionality and homo absconditus JF - Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie : Zweimonatsschrift der internationalen philosophischen Forschung Y1 - 2011 SN - 0012-1045 VL - 59 IS - 4 SP - 577 EP - 589 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Delahaye, Emilie A1 - Xie, Zailai A1 - Schäfer, Andreas A1 - Douce, Laurent A1 - Rogez, Guillaume A1 - Rabu, Pierre A1 - Günter, Christina A1 - Gutmann, Jochen S. A1 - Taubert, Andreas T1 - Intercalation synthesis of functional hybrid materials based on layered simple hydroxide hosts and ionic liquid guests - a pathway towards multifunctional ionogels without a silica matrix? JF - Dalton transactions : a journal of inorganic chemistry, including bioinorganic, organometallic, and solid-state chemistry N2 - Functional hybrid materials on the basis of inorganic hosts and ionic liquids (ILs) as guests hold promise for a virtually unlimited number of applications. In particular, the interaction and the combination of properties of a defined inorganic matrix and a specific IL could lead to synergistic effects in property selection and tuning. Such hybrid materials, generally termed ionogels, are thus an emerging topic in hybrid materials research. The current article addresses some of the recent developments and focuses on the question why silica is currently the dominating matrix used for (inorganic) ionogel fabrication. In comparison to silica, matrix materials such as layered simple hydroxides, layered double hydroxides, clay-type substances, magnetic or catalytically active solids, and many other compounds could be much more interesting because they themselves may carry useful functionalities, which could also be exploited for multifunctional hybrid materials synthesis. The current article combines experimental results with some arguments as to how new, advanced functional hybrid materials can be generated and which obstacles will need to be overcome to successfully achieve the synthesis of a desired target material. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c1dt10841g SN - 1477-9226 VL - 40 IS - 39 SP - 9977 EP - 9988 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marquardt, Dorothea A1 - Xie, Zailai A1 - Taubert, Andreas A1 - Thomann, Ralf A1 - Janiak, Christoph T1 - Microwave synthesis and inherent stabilization of metal nanoparticles in 1-methyl-3-(3-carboxyethyl)-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate JF - Dalton transactions : a journal of inorganic chemistry, including bioinorganic, organometallic, and solid-state chemistry N2 - The synthesis of Co-NPs and Mn-NPs by microwave-induced decomposition of the metal carbonyls Co-2(CO)(8) and Mn-2(CO)(10), respectively, yields smaller and better separated particles in the functionalized IL 1-methyl-3-(3-carboxyethyl)-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate [EmimCO(2)H][BF4] (1.6 +/- 0.3 nm and 4.3 +/- 1.0 nm, respectively) than in the non-functionalized IL 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [Bmim][BF4]. The particles are stable in the absence of capping ligands (surfactants) for more than six months although some variation in particle size could be observed by TEM. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c1dt10795j SN - 1477-9226 VL - 40 IS - 33 SP - 8290 EP - 8293 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Albrecht, Tanja A1 - Martin, M. A1 - Haseloff, M. A1 - Winkelmann, Ricarda A1 - Levermann, Anders T1 - Parameterization for subgrid-scale motion of ice-shelf calving fronts JF - The Cryosphere : TC ; an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union N2 - A parameterization for the motion of ice-shelf fronts on a Cartesian grid in finite-difference land-ice models is presented. The scheme prevents artificial thinning of the ice shelf at its edge, which occurs due to the finite resolution of the model. The intuitive numerical implementation diminishes numerical dispersion at the ice front and enables the application of physical boundary conditions to improve the calculation of stress and velocity fields throughout the ice-sheet-shelf system. Numerical properties of this subgrid modification are assessed in the Potsdam Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM-PIK) for different geometries in one and two horizontal dimensions and are verified against an analytical solution in a flow-line setup. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-35-2011 SN - 1994-0416 VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - 35 EP - 44 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nada, Wael M. A1 - van Rensburg, Leon A1 - Claassens, Sarina A1 - Blumenstein, Oswald T1 - Effect of vermicompost on soil and plant properties of coal spoil in the Lusatian Region (Eastern Germany) JF - Communications in soil science and plant analysis N2 - This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different wood vermicompost application rates on some soil physical and chemical properties as well as on growth parameters of a grass seed mixture (RSM 7.2.1) in tertiary sand contaminated with coal spoil. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse over a period of 42 days. Soil was mixed with vermicompost at ratios of 0.0, 3.0, 12.5, and 25.0% and sown with the grass seed mixture. Soil samples and plant material were analyzed to determine the effect of different vermicompost application rates on the physical and chemical properties. Results revealed that the physical and chemical properties of the soil improved with increasing application rates of vermicompost. In addition, soil treated with vermicompost showed significant increases in fresh-and dry-matter yields of the grass, as well as enhanced uptake of nutrients by the grass. This indicated that treatment of contaminated soils with vermicompost may be beneficial for reclamation processes by facilitating revegetation of disturbed areas. KW - Lusatian tertiary sand KW - open-cast lignite mining KW - reclamation KW - revegetation Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2011.591469 SN - 0010-3624 VL - 42 IS - 16 SP - 1945 EP - 1957 PB - Taylor & Francis Group CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rössler, Patrick A1 - Bomhoff, Jana A1 - Haschke, Josef Ferdinand A1 - Kersten, Jan A1 - Müller, Rüdiger T1 - Selection and impact of press photography BT - an empirical study on the basis of photo news factors JF - Communications : the European journal of communication research N2 - The selection of 'good' pictures has increasingly become a crucial factor when transmitting news to the recipients. Every day thousands of events are happening and millions of pictures are taken. By choosing photographs for newspapers and magazines, photographic editorial departments want to attract the recipients' attention, evoke emotions and get them to read their stories. But what exactly is a good picture that meets these expectations? Which criteria are decisive for selecting pictures and what effects of this selection can be measured on the recipients' side? This article presents the results of a research project carried out at the University of Erfurt in 2008 and conducted in collaboration with the German weekly magazine stern. It deals with the selection and impact of press photography by introducing the concept 'photo news factors'. Applying the traditional news value theory to pictures, photo news factors are defined as selection criteria that, on the part of the communicator, decide whether the press photos are worth publishing. Furthermore, they are assumed to exert an influence on the intensity of attention that a picture arouses. KW - press photography KW - news value theory KW - photo news factors selectivity KW - media effects Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/COMM.2011.021 SN - 0341-2059 VL - 36 IS - 4 SP - 415 EP - 439 PB - De Gruyter Mouton CY - Berlin ER - TY - GEN A1 - Troll, K. A1 - Kulkarni, Amit A1 - Wang, W. A1 - Darko, C. A1 - Koumba, A. M. Bivigou A1 - Laschewsky, André A1 - Müller-Buschbaum, Peter A1 - Papadakis, Christine M. T1 - The collapse transition of poly(styrene-b-(N-isopropyl acrylamide)) diblock copolymers in aqueous solution and in thin films T2 - Colloid and polymer science : official journal of the Kolloid-Gesellschaft Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-010-2344-1 SN - 0303-402X VL - 289 IS - 2 SP - 227 EP - 227 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hocher, Berthold A1 - Heimerl, Dirk A1 - Slowinski, Torsten A1 - Godes, Michael A1 - Halle, Horst A1 - Priem, Friedrich A1 - Pfab, Thiemo T1 - Birthweight and Fetal Glycosylated Hemoglobin at Birth in Newborns Carrying the GLUT1 XbaI Gene Polymorphism JF - Clinical laboratory : the peer reviewed journal for clinical laboratories and laboratories related to blood transfusion N2 - Background: Low birthweight is an independent risk factor of glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes in later life. Genetically determined insulin resistance and subsequently impaired glucose uptake might explain both reduced fetal growth and elevated blood glucose. The glucose transporter 1 (GLUT!) plays an important role for fetal glucose uptake as well as for maternal-fetal glucose transfer, and it has been associated with insulin resistance in adults. The present study hypothesized that the common fetal GLUT1 XbaI polymorphism might reduce fetal insulin sensitivity and/or glucose supply in utero, thus affecting fetal blood glucose and fetal growth. Methods: A genetic association study was conducted at the obstetrics department of the Charite University Hospital, Berlin, Germany. 119.1 white women were included after delivery, and all newborns were genotyped for the GLUT1 XbaI polymorphism. Total glycosylated hemoglobin was quantified, serving as a surrogate of glycemia during the last weeks of pregnancy. Results: The analysis of this large population showed no significant differences in fetal glycosylated hemoglobin or birthweight for the different fetal GLUT1 XbaI genotypes. Only newborns carrying the mutated allele show the previously published inverse association between birthweight and glycosylated hemoglobin. Conclusions: The results suggest that there is no prenatal effect of the fetal GLUT1 XbaI polymorphism on fetal insulin sensitivity, intrauterine fetal glucose supply or fetal growth. However, the polymorphism seems to modulate the inverse interaction between birthweight and fetal glycemia. KW - GLUT1 XbaI gene polymorphism KW - birthweight KW - total glycosylated hemoglobin KW - insulin resistance KW - fetal programming Y1 - 2011 SN - 1433-6510 VL - 57 IS - 9-10 SP - 651 EP - 657 PB - Clin Lab Publ., Verl. Klinisches Labor CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sharkovska, Yuliya A1 - Kalk, Philipp A1 - von Websky, Karoline A1 - Relle, Katharina A1 - Pfab, Thiemo A1 - Alter, Markus L. A1 - Fischer, Yvan A1 - Hocher, Berthold T1 - Renoprotective effects of combined endothelin-converting enzyme/neutral endopeptidase inhibitor SLV338 in acute and chronic experimental renal damage JF - Clinical laboratory : the peer reviewed journal for clinical laboratories and laboratories related to blood transfusion N2 - Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) as well as chronic renal failure are associated with a huge mortality/morbidity. However, so far no drugs have been approved for the treatment of acute kidney failure and only a few for the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We analysed the effect of SLV 338, a neutral endopeptidase (NEP)/endothelin converting enzyme (ECE)-inhibitor in animal models of acute kidney failure as well as chronic renal failure. Methods: Acute renal failure was induced in male Wistar rats by uninephrectomy and clamping of the remaining kidney for 55 minutes. SLV338 (total dose: 4.9 mg/kg) or vehicle was continuously infused for 2 hours (starting 20 minutes prior to clamping). Sham operated animals served as controls. Plasma creatinine was measured at baseline and day 2 and 8 after renal ischemia-reperfusion. Hypertensive renal damage was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats by nitric oxide deficiency using L-NAME (50 mg/kg per day, added to drinking water for 4 weeks). One group was treated over the same time period with SLV338 (30 mg/kg per day, mixed with food). Systolic blood pressure was monitored weekly. At study end, urine and blood samples were collected and kidneys were harvested. Results: Acute renal ischemia-reperfusion caused a 5-fold plasma creatinine elevation (day 2), which was significantly attenuated by more than 50 % in animals treated with SLV338 (p < 0.05). Renal failure was accompanied by a 67 % mortality in vehicle-treated rats, but only 20 % after SLV338 treatment (p = 0.03 compared to sham controls). Chronic L-NAME administration caused hypertension, urinary albumin excretion, glomerulosclerosis, renal arterial remodelling, and renal interstitial fibrosis. Treatment with SLV338 did not significantly affect blood pressure, but abolished renal tissue damage (interstitial fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis, renal arterial remodelling (p < 0.05 versus L-NAME group in each case). Conclusions: The dual ECE/NEP inhibitor SLV338 preserves kidney function and reduces mortality in severe acute ischemic renal failure. Moreover, combined ECE/NEP inhibition prevents hypertensive renal tissue damage in a blood pressure independent manner in L-NAME-treated rats. KW - Renal failure KW - endothelin-converting enzyme KW - neutral endopeptidase Y1 - 2011 SN - 1433-6510 VL - 57 IS - 7-8 SP - 507 EP - 515 PB - Clin Lab Publ., Verl. Klinisches Labor CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chaykovska, Lyubov A1 - Tsuprykov, Oleg A1 - Hocher, Berthold T1 - Biomarkers for the prediction of mortality and morbidity in patients with renal replacement therapy JF - Clinical laboratory : the peer reviewed journal for clinical laboratories and laboratories related to blood transfusion N2 - The mortality of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on dialysis remains high despite great improvement of dialysis technologies in the past decades. These patients die due to infectious diseases (mainly sepsis), cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, and, in particular, sudden cardiac death. End stage renal disease is a complex condition, where the failure of kidney function is accompanied by numerous metabolic changes affecting almost all organ systems of the human body. Many of the biomarker characteristics of the individually affected organ systems have been associated with adverse outcomes. These biomarkers are different in patients with ESRD compared to the general population in the prediction of morbidity and mortality. Biomarker research in this field should aim to identify patients at risk for the different disease entities. Traditional biomarkers such as CRP, BNP, and troponins as well as new biomarkers such as fetuin, CD 154, and relaxin were analyzed in patients on dialysis. We will include observational as well as prospective clinical trials in this review. Furthermore, we will also discuss proteomics biomarker studies. The article assess the potential diagnostic value of different biomarkers in daily clinical practice as well as their usefulness for clinical drug development in end stage renal disease patients. Y1 - 2011 SN - 1433-6510 VL - 57 IS - 7-8 SP - 455 EP - 467 PB - Clin Lab Publ., Verl. Klinisches Labor CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Robinson, Alexander A1 - Calov, Reinhard A1 - Ganopolski, Andrey T1 - Greenland ice sheet model parameters constrained using simulations of the Eemian Interglacial JF - Climate of the past : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union N2 - Using a new approach to force an ice sheet model, we performed an ensemble of simulations of the Greenland Ice Sheet evolution during the last two glacial cycles, with emphasis on the Eemian Interglacial. This ensemble was generated by perturbing four key parameters in the coupled regional climate-ice sheet model and by introducing additional uncertainty in the prescribed "background" climate change. The sensitivity of the surface melt model to climate change was determined to be the dominant driver of ice sheet instability, as reflected by simulated ice sheet loss during the Eemian Interglacial period. To eliminate unrealistic parameter combinations, constraints from present-day and paleo information were applied. The constraints include (i) the diagnosed present-day surface mass balance partition between surface melting and ice discharge at the margin, (ii) the modeled present-day elevation at GRIP; and (iii) the modeled elevation reduction at GRIP during the Eemian. Using these three constraints, a total of 360 simulations with 90 different model realizations were filtered down to 46 simulations and 20 model realizations considered valid. The paleo constraint eliminated more sensitive melt parameter values, in agreement with the surface mass balance partition assumption. The constrained simulations resulted in a range of Eemian ice loss of 0.4-4.4m sea level equivalent, with a more likely range of about 3.7-4.4m sea level if the GRIP delta O-18 isotope record can be considered an accurate proxy for the precipitation-weighted annual mean temperatures. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-381-2011 SN - 1814-9324 VL - 7 IS - 2 SP - 381 EP - 396 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mutlu, Hatice A1 - de Espinosa, Lucas Montero A1 - Meier, Michael A. R. T1 - Acyclic diene metathesis a versatile tool for the construction of defined polymer architectures JF - Chemical Society reviews N2 - Two decades have passed since the metathesis polymerisation of alpha,omega-dienes was successfully demonstrated by the group of Wagener and the term acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerisation was coined. Since then, the advances of metathesis chemistry have allowed to expand the scope of this versatile polymerisation reaction that nowadays finds applications in different fields, such as polymer, material, or medicinal chemistry. This critical review provides an insight into the historical aspects of ADMET and a detailed overview of the work done to date applying this versatile polymerisation reaction (221 references). Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/b924852h SN - 0306-0012 VL - 40 IS - 3 SP - 1404 EP - 1445 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pimpalpalle, Tukaram M. A1 - Vidadala, Srinivasa Rao A1 - Hotha, Srinivas A1 - Linker, Torsten T1 - Lewis acid-catalyzed stereoselective lactonization and subsequent glycosidation of 2-C-malonyl carbohydrates JF - Chemical communications N2 - Gold(III) bromide is a suitable catalyst for the stereoselective cyclization of 2-C-malonyl carbohydrates to the anomeric center under retention of one ester group. Reopening of the lactones with alcohols in the presence of TMSOTf affords allyl, propargyl and benzyl glycosides with high alpha-selectivity. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cc13425f SN - 1359-7345 VL - 47 IS - 37 SP - 10434 EP - 10436 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Bernd A1 - Krehl, Stefan T1 - A single precatalyst tandem RCM-allylic oxidation sequence JF - Chemical communications N2 - Ring closing metathesis of allyloxy styrenes and a subsequent Ru-catalyzed allylic oxidation can be combined to a tandem sequence that makes coumarins accessible using less active but more conveniently available first generation catalysts. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cc11347j SN - 1359-7345 VL - 47 IS - 20 SP - 5879 EP - 5881 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ast, Sandra A1 - Müller, Holger A1 - Flehr, Roman A1 - Klamroth, Tillmann A1 - Walz, Bernd A1 - Holdt, Hans-Jürgen T1 - High Na+ and K+-induced fluorescence enhancement of a pi-conjugated phenylaza-18-crown-6-triazol-substituted coumarin fluoroionophore JF - Chemical communications N2 - The new pi-conjugated 1,2,3-triazol-1,4-diyl fluoroionophore 1 generated via Cu(I) catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition shows high fluorescence enhancement factors (FEF) in the presence of Na+ (FEF = 58) and K+ (FEF = 27) in MeCN and high selectivity towards K+ under simulated physiological conditions (160 mM K+ or Na+, respectively) with a FEF of 2.5 for K+. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c0cc04370b SN - 1359-7345 VL - 47 IS - 16 SP - 4685 EP - 4687 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Espinosa, Lucas Montero A1 - Meier, Michael A. R. T1 - Synthesis of star- and block-copolymers using ADMET head-to-tail selectivity during step-growth polymerization JF - Chemical communications N2 - Control over molecular architectures obtained via ADMET polymerization is limited by the step-growth nature of this technique. A new approach to this polycondensation method is described allowing for the synthesis of diblock and star-shaped polymers with molecular weight control by using the selectivity of olefin cross-metathesis between acrylates and terminal olefins. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c0cc04161k SN - 1359-7345 VL - 47 IS - 6 SP - 1908 EP - 1910 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Samereier, Matthias A1 - Baumann, Otto A1 - Meyer, Irene A1 - Gräf, Ralph T1 - Analysis of dictyostelium TACC reveals differential interactions with CP224 and unusual dynamics of dictyostelium microtubules JF - Cellular and molecular life sciences N2 - We have localized TACC to the microtubule-nucleating centrosomal corona and to microtubule plus ends. Using RNAi we proved that Dictyostelium TACC promotes microtubule growth during interphase and mitosis. For the first time we show in vivo that both TACC and XMAP215 family proteins can be differentially localized to microtubule plus ends during interphase and mitosis and that TACC is mainly required for recruitment of an XMAP215-family protein to interphase microtubule plus ends but not for recruitment to centrosomes and kinetochores. Moreover, we have now a marker to study dynamics and behavior of microtubule plus ends in living Dictyostelium cells. In a combination of live cell imaging of microtubule plus ends and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments of GFP-alpha-tubulin cells we show that Dictyostelium microtubules are dynamic only in the cell periphery, while they remain stable at the centrosome, which also appears to harbor a dynamic pool of tubulin dimers. KW - Dictyostelium KW - TACC KW - DdCP224 KW - XMAP215 KW - Microtubules KW - Centrosome Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-010-0453-0 SN - 1420-682X VL - 68 IS - 2 SP - 275 EP - 287 PB - Springer CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Karlowatz, Ruth-Jessica A1 - Scharhag, Jürgen A1 - Rahnenfuehrer, Jörg A1 - Schneider, Ulrich A1 - Jakob, Ernst A1 - Kindermann, Wilfried A1 - Zang, Klaus Dieter T1 - Polymorphisms in the IGF1 signalling pathway including the myostatin gene are associated with left ventricular mass in male athletes JF - British journal of sports medicine : the journal of sport and exercise medicine N2 - Background Athlete's heart as an adaptation to long-time and intensive endurance training can vary considerably between individuals. Genetic polymorphisms in the cardiological relevant insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signalling pathway seem to have an essential influence on the extent of physiological hypertrophy. Objective Analysis of polymorphisms in the genes of IGF1, IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) and the negative regulator of the cardiac IGF1 signalling pathway, myostatin (MSTN), and their relation to left ventricular mass (LVM) of endurance athletes. Methods In 110 elite endurance athletes or athletes with a high amount of endurance training (75 males and 35 females) and 27 male controls, which were examined by echocardiographic imaging methods and ergometric exercise-testing, the genotypes of a cytosine-adenine repeat polymorphism in the promoter region of the IGF1 gene and a G/A substitution at position 3174 in the IGF1R gene were determined. Additionally, a mutation screen of the MSTN gene was performed. Results The polymorphisms in the IGF1 and the IGF1R gene showed a significant relation to the LVM for male (IGF1: p=0.003; IGF1R: p=0.01), but not for female athletes. The same applies to a previously unnoticed polymorphism in the 1 intron of the MSTN gene, whose deletion allele (AAA -> AA) appears to increase the myostatic effect (p=0.015). Moreover, combinations of the polymorphisms showed significant synergistic effects on the LVM of the male athletes. Conclusions The authors' results argue for the importance of polymorphisms in the IGF1 signalling pathway in combination with MSTN on the variant degree of physiological hypertrophy of male athletes. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2008.050567 SN - 0306-3674 VL - 45 IS - 1 SP - 36 EP - 41 PB - BMJ Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zaupa, Alessandro A1 - Neffe, Axel T. A1 - Pierce, Benjamin F. A1 - Nöchel, Ulrich A1 - Lendlein, Andreas T1 - Influence of tyrosine-derived moieties and drying conditions on the formation of helices in gelatin JF - Biomacromolecules : an interdisciplinary journal focused at the interface of polymer science and the biological sciences N2 - The single and triple helical organization of protein chains strongly influences the mechanical properties of gelatin-based materials. A chemical method for obtaining different degrees of helical organization in gelatin is covalent functionalization, while a physical method for achieving the same goal is the variation of the drying conditions of gelatin solutions. Here we explored how the introduction of desaminotyrosine (DAT) and desaminotyrosyl tyrosine (DATT) linked to lysine residues of gelatin influenced the kinetics and thermodynamic equilibrium of the helicalization process of single and triple helices following different drying conditions. Drying at a temperature above. the helix-to-coil transition temperature of gelatin (T > T-c, called nu(short)) generally resulted in gelatins with relatively lower triple helical content (X-c,X-t = 1-2%) than lower temperature drying (T < T-c, called nu(long)) (X-c,X-t = 8-10%), where the DAT(T) functional groups generally disrupted helix formation. While different helical contents affected the thermal transition temperatures only slightly, the mechanical properties were strongly affected for swollen hydrogels (E = 4-13 kPa for samples treated by nu(long) and E = 120-700 kPa for samples treated by nu(short)). This study shows that side group functionalization and different drying conditions are viable options to control the helicalization and macroscopic properties of gelatin-based materials. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/bm101029k SN - 1525-7797 VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 75 EP - 81 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ensslin, Andreas A1 - Sandner, Tobias M. A1 - Matthies, Diethart T1 - Consequences of ex situ cultivation of plants genetic diversity, fitness and adaptation of the monocarpic Cynoglossum officinale L. in botanic gardens JF - : an international journal N2 - Ex situ collections in botanic gardens have great potential in contributing to the conservation of rare plants. However, little is known about the effects of cultivation on the genetic diversity and fitness of garden populations, about genetic changes due to unconscious selection and potential adaptation to the artificial conditions. We compared the genetic variability and fitness of the rare, short-lived perennial Cynoglossum officinale from 12 botanic gardens and five natural populations in Germany. Genetic variability was assessed with eight nuclear microsatellites. Plants were grown in a common garden and performance was measured over 2 years. Mean genetic diversity was very similar in botanic garden and natural populations. However, four of the garden populations exhibited no genetic variability at all. Moreover, the genetic diversity of garden populations decreased with increasing duration of cultivation, indicating genetic drift. Plant performance from natural and garden populations in terms of growth, flowering and seed production was similar and in garden populations only seed mass was strongly related to genetic diversity. Several lines of evidence indicated genetic changes in garden populations in response to cultivation. Seed dormancy was strongly reduced in garden populations, and in response to nutrient addition garden plants increased the size of their main inflorescence, while wild plants increased the number of inflorescences. These changes could be maladaptive in nature and reduce the suitability of garden populations as a source for reintroductions. We suggest that botanic gardens should pay more attention to the problem of potential genetic changes in their plant collections. KW - Boraginaceae KW - Genetic drift KW - Microsatellites KW - Seed dormancy KW - Unconscious selection Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.09.001 SN - 0006-3207 VL - 144 IS - 1 SP - 272 EP - 278 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kayler, Zachary A1 - Kaiser, Michael A1 - Gessler, Arthur A1 - Ellerbrock, Ruth H. A1 - Sommer, Michael T1 - Application of delta C-13 and delta N-15 isotopic signatures of organic matter fractions sequentially separated from adjacent arable and forest soils to identify carbon stabilization mechanisms JF - Biogeosciences N2 - Identifying the chemical mechanisms behind soil carbon bound in organo-mineral complexes is necessary to determine the degree to which soil organic carbon is stabilized belowground. Analysis of delta C-13 and delta N-15 isotopic signatures of stabilized OM fractions along with soil mineral characteristics may yield important information about OM-mineral associations and their processing history. We anlayzed the delta C-13 and delta N-15 isotopic signatures from two organic matter (OM) fractions along with soil mineral proxies to identify the likely binding mechanisms involved. We analyzed OM fractions hypothesized to contain carbon stabilized through organo-mineral complexes: (1) OM separated chemically with sodium pyrophosphate (OM(PY)) and (2) OM occluded in micro-structures found in the chemical extraction residue (OM(ER)). Because the OM fractions were separated from five different soils with paired forest and arable land use histories, we could address the impact of land use change on carbon binding and processing mechanisms. We used partial least squares regression to analyze patterns in the isotopic signature of OM with established mineral and chemical proxies indicative for certain binding mechanisms. We found different mechanisms predominate in each land use type. For arable soils, the formation of OM(PY)-Ca-mineral associations was identified as an important OM binding mechanism. Therefore, we hypothesize an increased stabilization of microbial processed OM(PY) through Ca2+ interactions. In general, we found the forest soils to contain on average 10% more stabilized carbon relative to total carbon stocks, than the agricultural counter part. In forest soils, we found a positive relationship between isotopic signatures of OM(PY) and the ratio of soil organic carbon content to soil surface area (SOC/SSA). This indicates that the OM(PY) fractions of forest soils represent layers of slower exchange not directly attached to mineral surfaces. From the isotopic composition of the OM(ER) fraction, we conclude that the OM in this fraction from both land use types have undergone a different pathway to stabilization that does not involve microbial processing, which may include OM which is highly protected within soil micro-structures. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-2895-2011 SN - 1726-4170 VL - 8 IS - 10 SP - 2895 EP - 2906 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hundertmark, Michaela A1 - Dimova, Rumiana A1 - Lengefeld, Jan A1 - Seckler, Robert A1 - Hincha, Dirk K. T1 - The intrinsically disordered late embryogenesis abundant protein LEA18 from Arabidopsis thaliana modulates membrane stability through binding and folding JF - Biochimica et biophysica acta : Biomembranes N2 - Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) constitute a substantial part of cellular proteomes. late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are mostly predicted to be IDPs associated with dehydration tolerance in many plant, animal and bacterial species. Their functions, however, are largely unexplored and also their structure and interactions with potential target molecules have only recently been experimentally investigated in a small number of proteins. Here, we report on the structure and interactions with membranes of the Pfam LEA_1 protein LEA18 from the higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana. This functionally uncharacterized positively charged protein specifically aggregated and destabilized negatively charged liposomes. Isothermal titration calorimetry showed binding of the protein to both charged and uncharged membranes. LEA18 alone was largely unstructured in solution. While uncharged membranes had no influence on the secondary structure of LEA18, the protein partially folded into beta-sheet structure in the presence of negatively charged liposomes. These data suggest that LEA18 does not function as a membrane stabilizing protein, as suggested for other LEA proteins. Instead, a possible function of LEA18 could be the composition-dependent modulation of membrane stability, e.g., during signaling or vesicle-mediated transport. KW - Intrinsically disordered protein KW - Late embryogenesis abundant protein KW - Membrane stability KW - Protein-membrane interaction KW - Protein folding Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.09.010 SN - 0005-2736 VL - 1808 IS - 1 SP - 446 EP - 453 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wischerhoff, Erik A1 - Badi, Nezha A1 - Laschewsky, André A1 - Lutz, Jean-Francois ED - Börner, Hans Gerhard ED - Lutz, JF T1 - Smart polymer surfaces concepts and applications in biosciences JF - Advances in polymer science = Fortschritte der Hochpolymeren-Forschung JF - Advances in Polymer Science N2 - Stimuli-responsive macromolecules (i.e., pH-, thermo-, photo-, chemo-, and bioresponsive polymers) have gained exponential importance in materials science, nanotechnology, and biotechnology during the last two decades. This chapter describes the usefulness of this class of polymer for preparing smart surfaces (e.g., modified planar surfaces, particles surfaces, and surfaces of three-dimensional scaffolds). Some efficient pathways for connecting these macromolecules to inorganic, polymer, or biological substrates are described. In addition, some emerging bioapplications of smart polymer surfaces (e.g., antifouling surfaces, cell engineering, protein chromatography, tissue engineering, biochips, and bioassays) are critically discussed. KW - Antifouling surfaces KW - Bioactive surfaces KW - Biocompatible polymers KW - Bioseparation KW - Cell engineering KW - Polymer-modified surfaces KW - Stimuli-responsive polymers Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-3-642-20154-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2010_88 SN - 0065-3195 VL - 240 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 33 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wels, Volkhard T1 - The poetics as part of aristotle's organon JF - Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur Y1 - 2011 SN - 0005-8076 VL - 133 IS - 3-4 SP - 470 EP - 486 PB - Niemeyer CY - Tübingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wels, Volkhard T1 - Poetry as reasoning technique an interpretation of the Aristotelian averroes processing "Poetics" in its Latin transfers JF - Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur Y1 - 2011 SN - 0005-8076 VL - 133 IS - 2 SP - 265 EP - 289 PB - Niemeyer CY - Tübingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Binzer, Amrei A1 - Brose, Ulrich A1 - Curtsdotter, Alva A1 - Ekloef, Anna A1 - Rall, Bjoern C. A1 - Riede, Jens O. A1 - de Castro, Francisco T1 - The susceptibility of species to extinctions in model communities JF - Basic and applied ecology : Journal of the Gesellschaft für Ökologie N2 - Despite the fact that the loss of a species from a community has the potential to cause a dramatic decline in biodiversity, for example through cascades of secondary extinctions, little is known about the factors contributing to the extinction risk of any particular species. Here we expand earlier modeling approaches using a dynamic food-web model that accounts for bottom-up as well as top-down effects. We investigate what factors influence a species' extinction risk and time to extinction of the non-persistent species. We identified three basic properties that affect a species' risk of extinction. The highest extinction risk is born by species with (1) low energy input (e.g. high trophic level), (2) susceptibility to the loss of energy pathways (e.g. specialists with few prey species) and (3) dynamic instability (e.g. low Hill exponent and reliance on homogeneous energy channels when feeding on similarly sized prey). Interestingly, and different from field studies, we found that the trophic level and not the body mass of a species influences its extinction risk. On the other hand, body mass is the single most important factor determining the time to extinction of a species, resulting in small species dying first. This suggests that in the field the trophic level might have more influence on the extinction risk than presently recognized. KW - Extinction risk KW - Allometry KW - Dynamic modeling Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2011.09.002 SN - 1439-1791 VL - 12 IS - 7 SP - 590 EP - 599 PB - Elsevier CY - Jena ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riede, Jens O. A1 - Binzer, Amrei A1 - Brose, Ulrich A1 - de Castro, Francisco A1 - Curtsdotter, Alva A1 - Rall, Bjoern C. A1 - Ekloef, Anna T1 - Size-based food web characteristics govern the response to species extinctions JF - Basic and applied ecology : Journal of the Gesellschaft für Ökologie N2 - How ecological communities react to species extinctions is a long-standing yet current question in ecology. The species constituting the basic units of ecosystems interact with each other forming complex networks of trophic relationships and the characteristics of these networks are highly important for the consequences of species extinction. Here we take a more general approach and analyze a broad range of network characteristics and their role in determining food web susceptibility to secondary extinctions. We extend previous studies, that have focused on the consequences of topological and dynamical food web parameters for food web robustness, by also defining network-wide characteristics depending on the relationships between the distribution of species body masses and other species characteristics. We use a bioenergetic dynamical model to simulate realistically structured model food webs that differ in their structural and dynamical properties as well as their size structure. In order to measure food web robustness we calculated the proportion of species going secondarily extinct. A multiple regression analysis was then used to fit a general model relating the proportion of species going secondarily extinct to the measured food web properties. Our results show that there are multiple factors from all three groups of food web characteristics that affect food web robustness. However, we find the most striking effect was related to the body mass abundance relationship which points to the importance of body mass relationships for food web stability. KW - Body mass-abundance KW - Connectance KW - Food web robustness KW - Hill exponent KW - Size structure KW - Secondary extinctions Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2011.09.006 SN - 1439-1791 VL - 12 IS - 7 SP - 581 EP - 589 PB - Elsevier CY - Jena ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Curtsdotter, Alva A1 - Binzer, Amrei A1 - Brose, Ulrich A1 - de Castro, Francisco A1 - Ebenman, Bo A1 - Ekloef, Anna A1 - Riede, Jens O. A1 - Thierry, Aaron A1 - Rall, Bjoern C. T1 - Robustness to secondary extinctions comparing trait-based sequential deletions in static and dynamic food webs JF - Basic and applied ecology : Journal of the Gesellschaft für Ökologie N2 - The loss of species from ecological communities can unleash a cascade of secondary extinctions, the risk and extent of which are likely to depend on the traits of the species that are lost from the community. To identify species traits that have the greatest impact on food web robustness to species loss we here subject allometrically scaled, dynamical food web models to several deletion sequences based on species' connectivity, generality, vulnerability or body mass. Further, to evaluate the relative importance of dynamical to topological effects we compare robustness between dynamical and purely topological models. This comparison reveals that the topological approach overestimates robustness in general and for certain sequences in particular. Top-down directed sequences have no or very low impact on robustness in topological analyses, while the dynamical analysis reveals that they may be as important as high-impact bottom-up directed sequences. Moreover, there are no deletion sequences that result, on average, in no or very few secondary extinctions in the dynamical approach. Instead, the least detrimental sequence in the dynamical approach yields an average robustness similar to the most detrimental (non-basal) deletion sequence in the topological approach. Hence, a topological analysis may lead to erroneous conclusions concerning both the relative and the absolute importance of different species traits for robustness. The dynamical sequential deletion analysis shows that food webs are least robust to the loss of species that have many trophic links or that occupy low trophic levels. In contrast to previous studies we can infer, albeit indirectly, that secondary extinctions were triggered by both bottom-up and top-down cascades. KW - Species loss KW - Extinction cascades KW - Top-down effect KW - Bottom-up effect KW - Stability KW - Body size KW - Trophic interactions KW - Vulnerability KW - Generality KW - Keystone species Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2011.09.008 SN - 1439-1791 VL - 12 IS - 7 SP - 571 EP - 580 PB - Elsevier CY - Jena ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kloss, Lena A1 - Fischer, Markus A1 - Durka, Walter T1 - Land-use effects on genetic structure of a common grassland herb a matter of scale JF - Basic and applied ecology : Journal of the Gesellschaft für Ökologie N2 - The most common management practices in European grasslands are grazing by livestock and mowing for silage and hay. Grazing and mowing differ in their potential effects on plant gene flow and resulting population genetic structure. After assessing its breeding system, we investigated the effect of land use on the population genetic structure in the common grassland plant Veronica chamaedrys using 63 study populations on meadows, mown pastures and pastures in three regions in Germany, the so-called Biodiversity Exploratories. We determined plant density and analysed the genetic diversity, differentiation and small-scale genetic structure using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. The breeding system of V chamaedrys turned out as self-incompatible and outcrossing. Its genetic diversity did not differ among land-use types. This may be attributed to large population sizes and the strong dispersal ability of the species, which maintains genetically diverse populations not prone to genetic drift. Genetic differentiation among populations was low (overall F(ST) = 0.075) but significant among the three regions. Land use had only weak effects on population differentiation in only one region. However, land use affected small-scale genetic structure suggesting that gene flow within plots was more restricted on meadows than on mown and unmown pastures. Our study shows that land use influences genetic structure mainly at the small scale within populations, despite high gene flow. KW - Biodiversity exploratories KW - Mowing KW - Grazing KW - AFLP KW - Veronica KW - Breeding system KW - Pollination experiment KW - Pollen-ovule ratio KW - Isolation by distance KW - Spatial autocorrelation Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2011.06.001 SN - 1439-1791 VL - 12 IS - 5 SP - 440 EP - 448 PB - Elsevier CY - Jena ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Raabova, Jana A1 - Muenzbergova, Zuzana A1 - Fischer, Markus T1 - The role of spatial scale and soil for local adaptation in Inula hirta JF - Basic and applied ecology : Journal of the Gesellschaft für Ökologie N2 - Many plant populations are adapted to their local environment. Reciprocal transplant experiments in the field and in the experimental garden allow for studying different aspects of local adaptation. However, usually only one of these approaches is used. We applied both experimental approaches to study the role of spatial scale and soil conditions for local adaptation in the perennial herb Inula hirta. We reciprocally sowed seeds and transplanted juvenile plants among six field sites from two regions and, in the garden, among pots with soil from each field site. We recorded germination percentage, survival percentage, number of stems and plant height in all experiments. We also recorded above- and below-ground biomass, flowering percentage and the number of flower heads in the garden. No population-specific local adaptation was detected in germination, survival, flowering percentages or in the number of flower heads. At the regional scale in the field, however, the performance of local transplants was higher than the performance of foreign transplants by 10% and 7% in the two regions, respectively. Similarly, when grown in the garden in soil from the more basic and nutrient-poorer region, plant height and aboveground biomass of local transplants were higher than the corresponding values for foreign transplants by 31% and 112%, respectively. Congruent evidence for local adaptation from the juvenile-transplant experiments in field and garden suggests that soil conditions represent an important factor of local adaptation in I. hirta. Overall, our results show that both spatial scale and soil conditions play an important role for local adaptation in I. hirta. Moreover, we underline the importance of combining field and garden experiments to reveal factors affecting local adaptation in plants. KW - Dry grasslands KW - Fitness components KW - Genotype by environment KW - Habitat fragmentation KW - Home-site advantage KW - Natural selection KW - Plant traits KW - Reciprocal transplant Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2011.01.001 SN - 1439-1791 VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 152 EP - 160 PB - Elsevier CY - Jena ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klein, Markus A1 - Rosenberger, Elke T1 - Asymptotic eigenfunctions for a class of difference operators JF - Asymptotic analysis N2 - We analyze a general class of difference operators H(epsilon) = T(epsilon) + V(epsilon) on l(2)((epsilon Z)(d)), where V(epsilon) is a one-well potential and epsilon is a small parameter. We construct formal asymptotic expansions of WKB-type for eigenfunctions associated with the low lying eigenvalues of H(epsilon). These are obtained from eigenfunctions or quasimodes for the operator H(epsilon), acting on L(2)(R(d)), via restriction to the lattice (epsilon Z)(d). KW - difference operator KW - tunneling KW - WKB-expansion KW - quasimodes Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/ASY-2010-1025 SN - 0921-7134 VL - 73 IS - 1-2 SP - 1 EP - 36 PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hanne, Sandra A1 - Sekerina, Irina A. A1 - Vasishth, Shravan A1 - Burchert, Frank A1 - De Bleser, Ria T1 - Chance in agrammatic sentence comprehension what does it really mean? Evidence from eye movements of German agrammatic aphasic patients JF - Aphasiology : an international, interdisciplinary journal N2 - Background: In addition to the canonical subject-verb-object (SVO) word order, German also allows for non-canonical order (OVS), and the case-marking system supports thematic role interpretation. Previous eye-tracking studies (Kamide et al., 2003; Knoeferle, 2007) have shown that unambiguous case information in non-canonical sentences is processed incrementally. For individuals with agrammatic aphasia, comprehension of non-canonical sentences is at chance level (Burchert et al., 2003). The trace deletion hypothesis (Grodzinsky 1995, 2000) claims that this is due to structural impairments in syntactic representations, which force the individual with aphasia (IWA) to apply a guessing strategy. However, recent studies investigating online sentence processing in aphasia (Caplan et al., 2007; Dickey et al., 2007) found that divergences exist in IWAs' sentence-processing routines depending on whether they comprehended non-canonical sentences correctly or not, pointing rather to a processing deficit explanation. Aims: The aim of the current study was to investigate agrammatic IWAs' online and offline sentence comprehension simultaneously in order to reveal what online sentence-processing strategies they rely on and how these differ from controls' processing routines. We further asked whether IWAs' offline chance performance for non-canonical sentences does indeed result from guessing. Methods Procedures: We used the visual-world paradigm and measured eye movements (as an index of online sentence processing) of controls (N = 8) and individuals with aphasia (N = 7) during a sentence-picture matching task. Additional offline measures were accuracy and reaction times. Outcomes Results: While the offline accuracy results corresponded to the pattern predicted by the TDH, IWAs' eye movements revealed systematic differences depending on the response accuracy. Conclusions: These findings constitute evidence against attributing IWAs' chance performance for non-canonical structures to mere guessing. Instead, our results support processing deficit explanations and characterise the agrammatic parser as deterministic and inefficient: it is slowed down, affected by intermittent deficiencies in performing syntactic operations, and fails to compute reanalysis even when one is detected. KW - Eye movements KW - Non-canonical sentences KW - Agrammatic aphasia KW - Broca's aphasia KW - Chance performance KW - Online and offline processing KW - Sentence comprehension disorders KW - German syntax Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2010.489256 SN - 0268-7038 VL - 25 IS - 2 SP - 221 EP - 244 PB - Wiley CY - Hove ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schweigert, Florian J. A1 - Raila, Jens A1 - Mothes, Ralf A1 - Frey, S. T1 - Point of care measurements of Vitamin A in blood and breast milk for low resource settings T2 - Annals of nutrition & metabolism : journal of nutrition, metabolic diseases and dietetics ; an official journal of International Union of Nutritional Sciences (IUNS) KW - Blood KW - Milk KW - Point of Care Assay and Vitamin A Y1 - 2011 SN - 0250-6807 VL - 58 IS - 2 SP - 382 EP - 382 PB - Karger CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Carlsohn, Anja A1 - Scharhag-Rosenberger, Friederike A1 - Cassel, Michael A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Resting metabolic rate in elite rowers and canoeists difference between indirect calorimetry and prediction JF - Annals of nutrition & metabolism : journal of nutrition, metabolic diseases and dietetics ; an official journal of International Union of Nutritional Sciences (IUNS) N2 - Background: Athletes may differ in their resting metabolic rate (RMR) from the general population. However, to estimate the RMR in athletes, prediction equations that have not been validated in athletes are often used. The purpose of this study was therefore to verify the applicability of commonly used RMR predictions for use in athletes. Methods: The RMR was measured by indirect calorimetry in 17 highly trained rowers and canoeists of the German national teams (BMI 24 +/- 2 kg/m(2), fat-free mass 69 +/- 15 kg). In addition, the RMR was predicted using Cunningham (CUN) and Harris-Benedict (HB) equations. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was calculated to test for differences between predicted and measured RMR (alpha = 0.05). The root mean square percentage error (RMSPE) was calculated and the Bland-Altman procedure was used to quantify the bias for each prediction. Results: Prediction equations significantly underestimated the RMR in males (p < 0.001). The RMSPE was calculated to be 18.4% (CUN) and 20.9% (HB) in the entire group. The bias was 133 kcal/24 h for CUN and 202 kcal/24 h for HB. Conclusions: Predictions significantly underestimate the RMR in male heavyweight endurance athletes but not in females. In athletes with a high fat-free mass, prediction equations might therefore not be applicable to estimate energy requirements. Instead, measurement of the resting energy expenditure or specific prediction equations might be needed for the individual heavyweight athlete. KW - Energy requirement KW - Calorimetry KW - Fat-free mass KW - Nutritional counseling KW - Athletes Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1159/000330119 SN - 0250-6807 VL - 58 IS - 3 SP - 239 EP - 244 PB - Karger CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Khalil, Mahomound A1 - Isalm, K. Shaiful A1 - Raila, Jens A1 - Schenk, R. A1 - Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal A1 - Schweigert, Florian J. T1 - Content of lutein and lutein ester in tagetes and improvement of their stability T2 - Annals of nutrition & metabolism : journal of nutrition, metabolic diseases and dietetics ; an official journal of International Union of Nutritional Sciences (IUNS) KW - lutein ester KW - Emulsion KW - MCT oil KW - Stability KW - UV light Y1 - 2011 SN - 0250-6807 VL - 58 IS - 3 SP - 16 EP - 16 PB - Karger CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vargas, Gabriel A1 - Farias, Marcelo A1 - Carretier, Sebastien A1 - Tassara, Andres A1 - Baize, Stephane A1 - Melnick, Daniel T1 - Coastal uplift and tsunami effects associated to the 2010 M(w)8.8 Maule earthquake in Central Chile JF - Andean geology N2 - On February 27, 2010 at 03:34:08 AM an M(w)8.8 earthquake, with epicenter located off Cobquecura (73.24 degrees W; 36.29 degrees S), severely hit Central Chile. The tsunami waves that followed this event affected the coastal regions between the cities of Valparaiso and Valdivia, with minor effects as far as Coquimbo. The earthquake occurred along the subduction of the Nazca oceanic plate beneath the South American plate. Coseismic coastal uplift was estimated through observations of bleached lithothamnioids crustose coralline algae, which were exposed after the mainshock between 34.13 degrees S and 38.34 degrees S, suggesting the latitudinal distribution of the earthquake rupture. The measured coastal uplift values varied between 240 +/- 20 cm at sites closer to the trench along the western coast of the Arauco peninsula and 15 +/- 10 cm at sites located farther east. A maximum value of 260 +/- 50 cm was observed at the western coast of Santa Maria Island, which is similar to the reported uplift associated with the 1835 earthquake at Concepcion. Land subsidence values on the order of 0.5 m to 1 m evidenced a change in polarity and position of the coseismic hinge at 110-120 km from the trench. In four sites along the coast we observed a close match between coastal uplift values deduced from bleached lithothamnioids algae and GPS measurements. According to field observations tsunami heights reached ea. 14 m in the coastal area of the Maule Region immediately north of the epicenter, and diminished progressively northwards to 4-2 m near Valparaiso. Along the coast of Cobquecura, tsunami height values were inferior to 2-4 m. More variable tsunami heights of 6-8 m were measured at Dichato-Talcahuano and Tirua-Puerto Saavedra, in the Biobio and Arauco regions, respectively, to the south of the epicenter. According to eyewitnesses, the tsunami reached the coast between 12 to 20 and 30 to 45 minutes in areas located closer and faraway from the earthquake rupture zone, respectively. Destructive tsunami waves arrived also between 2.5 and 4.5 hours after the mainshock, especially along the coast of the Biobio and Arauco regions. The tsunami effects were highly variable along the coast, as a result of geomorphological and bathymetric local conditions, besides potential complexities induced by the main shock. KW - M(w)8.8 Maule earthquake KW - Central Chile KW - Coseismic coastal uplift KW - Tsunami effect Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5027/andgeoV38n1-a12 SN - 0718-7106 VL - 38 IS - 1 SP - 219 EP - 238 PB - Servicio Nacional de Geologìa y Minerìa CY - Santiago ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cywinski, Piotr J. A1 - Moro, Artur J. A1 - Ritschel, Thomas A1 - Hildebrandt, Niko A1 - Löhmannsröben, Hans-Gerd T1 - Sensitive and selective fluorescence detection of guanosine nucleotides by nanoparticles conjugated with a naphthyridine receptor JF - Analytical & bioanalytical chemistry N2 - Novel fluorescent nanosensors, based on a naphthyridine receptor, have been developed for the detection of guanosine nucleotides, and both their sensitivity and selectivity to various nucleotides were evaluated. The nanosensors were constructed from polystyrene nanoparticles functionalized by (N-(7-((3-aminophenyl) ethynyl)-1,8-naphthyridin- 2-yl) acetamide) via carbodiimide ester activation. We show that this naphthyridine nanosensor binds guanosine nucleotides preferentially over adenine, cytosine, and thymidine nucleotides. Upon interaction with nucleotides, the fluorescence of the nanosensor is gradually quenched yielding Stern-Volmer constants in the range of 2.1 to 35.9mM(-1). For all the studied quenchers, limits of detection (LOD) and tolerance levels for the nanosensors were also determined. The lowest (3 sigma) LOD was found for guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) and it was as low as 150 ng/ml. In addition, we demonstrated that the spatial arrangement of bound analytes on the nanosensors' surfaces is what is responsible for their selectivity to different guanosine nucleotides. We found a correlation between the changes of the fluorescence signal and the number of phosphate groups of a nucleotide. Results of molecular modeling and zeta-potential measurements confirm that the arrangement of analytes on the surface provides for the selectivity of the nanosensors. These fluorescent nanosensors have the potential to be applied in multi-analyte, array-based detection platforms, as well as in multiplexed microfluidic systems. KW - Naphthyridine receptor KW - cGMP KW - Base pairing KW - Nucleotide nanosensor KW - Fluorescence spectroscopy Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-010-4420-2 SN - 1618-2642 VL - 399 IS - 3 SP - 1215 EP - 1222 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kupstat, Annette A1 - Kumke, Michael Uwe A1 - Hildebrandt, Niko T1 - Toward sensitive, quantitative point-of-care testing (POCT) of protein markers miniaturization of a homogeneous time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay for prostate-specific antigen detection JF - The analyst : the analytical journal of the Royal Society of Chemistry N2 - Point-of-care testing (POCT) systems which allow for a sensitive, quantitative detection of protein markers are extremely useful for the early detection and therapy progress monitoring of cancer. However, currently commercially available POCT devices are mainly limited to the qualitative detection of protein markers. In this study we demonstrate the successive miniaturization of a sensitive and fast assay for the quantitative detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) using a well established and clinically approved homogeneous time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay technology (TRACE (R)) on a commercial plate-reader system (KRYPTOR (R)). Regarding the initial requirements for the development of POCT devices we applied a 30-fold assay volume reduction (150 mu L to 5 mu L) to achieve a reasonable lab-on-a-chip volume and a 24-fold and 120-fold excitation pulse energy reduction to achieve reasonable pulse energies for low-cost miniature excitation sources. Due to highly efficient optimization of key POCT parameters our miniaturized PSA assay achieved a 30% increased sensitivity and a 2-fold improved limit of detection compared to the standard plate-reader method. Our results demonstrate the successful implementation of key parameters for a significant miniaturization and for cost reduction in the clinically approved KRYPTOR (R) platform for protein detection. The technological alterations required are easy-to-implement and can be immediately adapted for more than 30 diagnostic protein markers already available for the KRYPTOR (R) platform. These features strongly recommend our assay format to be utilized in innovative, sensitive, quantitative POCT of protein markers. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c0an00684j SN - 0003-2654 VL - 136 IS - 5 SP - 1029 EP - 1035 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gebser, Martin A1 - Sabuncu, Orkunt A1 - Schaub, Torsten H. T1 - An incremental answer set programming based system for finite model computation JF - AI communications : AICOM ; the European journal on artificial intelligence N2 - We address the problem of Finite Model Computation (FMC) of first-order theories and show that FMC can efficiently and transparently be solved by taking advantage of a recent extension of Answer Set Programming (ASP), called incremental Answer Set Programming (iASP). The idea is to use the incremental parameter in iASP programs to account for the domain size of a model. The FMC problem is then successively addressed for increasing domain sizes until an answer set, representing a finite model of the original first-order theory, is found. We implemented a system based on the iASP solver iClingo and demonstrate its competitiveness by showing that it slightly outperforms the winner of the FNT division of CADE's 2009 Automated Theorem Proving (ATP) competition on the respective benchmark collection. KW - Incremental answer set programming KW - finite model computation Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/AIC-2011-0496 SN - 0921-7126 VL - 24 IS - 2 SP - 195 EP - 212 PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gebser, Martin A1 - Kaufmann, Benjamin A1 - Kaminski, Roland A1 - Ostrowski, Max A1 - Schaub, Torsten H. A1 - Schneider, Marius T1 - Potassco the Potsdam answer set solving collection JF - AI communications : AICOM ; the European journal on artificial intelligence N2 - This paper gives an overview of the open source project Potassco, the Potsdam Answer Set Solving Collection, bundling tools for Answer Set Programming developed at the University of Potsdam. KW - Answer set programming KW - declarative problem solving Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/AIC-2011-0491 SN - 0921-7126 VL - 24 IS - 2 SP - 107 EP - 124 PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mulder, Christian A1 - Boit, Alice A1 - Bonkowski, Michael A1 - De Ruiter, Peter C. A1 - Mancinelli, Giorgio A1 - Van der Heijden, Marcel G. A. A1 - Van Wijnen, Harm J. A1 - Vonk, J. Arie A1 - Rutgers, Michiel ED - Woodward, G T1 - A belowground perspective on dutch agroecosystems how soil organisms interact to support ecosystem services JF - Advances in ecological research JF - Advances in Ecological Research N2 - 1. New patterns and trends in land use are becoming increasingly evident in Europe's heavily modified landscape and else whereas sustainable agriculture and nature restoration are developed as viable long-term alternatives to intensively farmed arable land. The success of these changes depends on how soil biodiversity and processes respond to changes in management. To improve our understanding of the community structure and ecosystem functioning of the soil biota, we analyzed abiotic variables across 200 sites, and biological variables across 170 sites in The Netherlands, one of the most intensively farmed countries. The data were derived from the Dutch Soil Quality Network (DSQN), a long-term monitoring framework designed to obtain ecological insight into soil types (STs) and ecosystem types (ETs). 2. At the outset we describe STs and biota, and we estimate the contribution of various groups to the provision of ecosystem services. We focused on interactive effects of soil properties on community patterns and ecosystem functioning using food web models. Ecologists analyze soil food webs by means of mechanistic and statistical modelling, linking network structure to energy flow and elemental dynamics commonly based on allometric scaling. 3. We also explored how predatory and metabolic processes are constrained by body size, diet and metabolic type, and how these constraints govern the interactions within and between trophic groups. In particular, we focused on how elemental fluxes determine the strengths of ecological interactions, and the resulting ecosystem services, in terms of sustenance of soil fertility. 4. We discuss data mining, food web visualizations, and an appropriate categorical way to capture subtle interrelationships within the DSQN dataset. Sampled metazoans were used to provide an overview of below-ground processes and influences of land use. Unlike most studies to date we used data from the entire size spectrum, across 15 orders of magnitude, using body size as a continuous trait crucial for understanding ecological services. 5. Multimodality in the frequency distributions of body size represents a performance filter that acts as a buffer to environmental change. Large differences in the body-size distributions across ETs and STs were evident. Most observed trends support the hypothesis that the direct influence of ecological stoichiometry on the soil biota as an independent predictor (e.g. in the form of nutrient to carbon ratios), and consequently on the allometric scaling, is more dominant than either ET or ST. This provides opportunities to develop a mechanistic and physiologically oriented model for the distribution of species' body sizes, where responses of invertebrates can be predicted. 6. Our results highlight the different roles that organisms play in a number of key ecosystem services. Such a trait-based research has unique strengths in its rigorous formulation of fundamental scaling rules, as well as in its verifiability by empirical data. Nonetheless, it still has weaknesses that remain to be addressed, like the consequences of intraspecific size variation, the high degree of omnivory, and a possibly inaccurate assignment to trophic groups. 7. Studying the extent to which nutrient levels influence multitrophic interactions and how different land-use regimes affect soil biodiversity is clearly a fruitful area for future research to develop predictive models for soil ecosystem services under different management regimes. No similar efforts have been attempted previously for soil food webs, and our dataset has the potential to test and further verify its usefulness at an unprecedented space scale. Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-0-12-374794-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374794-5.00005-5 SN - 0065-2504 VL - 44 IS - 2 SP - 277 EP - 357 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kallmeyer, Jens ED - Laskin, AI ED - Sariaslani, S ED - Gadd, GM T1 - Detection and quantification of microbial cells in subsurface sediments JF - Advances in applied microbiology JF - Advances in Applied Microbiology N2 - Quantification of total cell abundance is one of the most fundamental parameters in the exploration of subsurface life. Despite all recent advances in molecular techniques, this parameter is usually determined by fluorescence microscopy. In order to obtain reliable and reproducible results, it is important not just to focus on the actual cell enumeration but also to consider the entire chain of processing. Starting with the retrieval of the sample, over subsampling and sample processing to the final step of fluorescence microscopy, there are many potential sources of contamination that have to be assessed and, if possible, avoided. Because some degree of sample contamination will always occur, it is necessary to employ some form of contamination control. Different tracers are available, each one with its specific advantages and drawbacks. In many cases, the problems arise not after the sample has arrived in a well-equipped laboratory with highly trained personnel, but much earlier at the drill site or in a field camp. In this review, I discuss the different aspects of cell enumeration in subsurface sediment, evaluating every step in the long process chain. Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-0-12-387048-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-387048-3.00003-9 SN - 0065-2164 VL - 76 SP - 79 EP - 103 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seemüller, Anna A1 - Fiehler, Katja A1 - Rösler, Frank T1 - Unimodal and crossmodal working memory representations of visual and kinesthetic movement trajectories JF - Acta psychologica : international journal of psychonomics N2 - The present study investigated whether visual and kinesthetic stimuli are stored as multisensory or modality-specific representations in unimodal and crossmodal working memory tasks. To this end, angle-shaped movement trajectories were presented to 16 subjects in delayed matching-to-sample tasks either visually or kinesthetically during encoding and recognition. During the retention interval, a secondary visual or kinesthetic interference task was inserted either immediately or with a delay after encoding. The modality of the interference task interacted significantly with the encoding modality. After visual encoding, memory was more impaired by a visual than by a kinesthetic secondary task, while after kinesthetic encoding the pattern was reversed. The time when the secondary task had to be performed interacted with the encoding modality as well. For visual encoding, memory was more impaired, when the secondary task had to be performed at the beginning of the retention interval. In contrast, memory after kinesthetic encoding was more affected, when the secondary task was introduced later in the retention interval. The findings suggest that working memory traces are maintained in a modality-specific format characterized by distinct consolidation processes that take longer after kinesthetic than after visual encoding. KW - Visual representations KW - Kinesthetic representations KW - Vision KW - Haptics KW - Dual-task interference Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.09.014 SN - 0001-6918 VL - 136 IS - 1 SP - 52 EP - 59 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schenk, Paul A1 - Hamilton, Douglas P. A1 - Johnson, Robert E. A1 - McKinnon, William B. A1 - Paranicas, Chris A1 - Schmidt, Jürgen A1 - Showalter, Mark R. T1 - Plasma, plumes and rings saturn system dynamics as recorded in global color patterns on its midsize icy satellites JF - Icarus : international journal of solar system studies N2 - New global maps of the five inner midsize icy saturnian satellites, Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione, and Rhea, have been constructed in three colors (UV, Green and near-IR) at resolutions of 1 km/pixel. The maps reveal prominent global patterns common to several of these satellites but also three major color features unique to specific satellites or satellite subgroups. The most common features among the group are first-order global asymmetries in color properties. This pattern, expressed on Tethys, Dione and Rhea, takes the form of a similar to 1.4-1.8 times enhancement in redness (expressed as IR/UV ratio) of the surface at the center of the trailing hemisphere of motion, and a similar though significantly weaker IR/UV enhancement at the center of the leading hemisphere. The peak in redness on the trailing hemisphere also corresponds to a known decrease in albedo. These double hemispheric asymmetries are attributable to plasma and E-ring grain bombardment on the trailing and leading hemispheres, respectively, for the outer three satellites Tethys, Dione and Rhea, whereas as E-ring bombardment may be focused on the trailing hemisphere of Mimas due to its orbital location interior to Enceladus. The maps also reveal three major deviations from these basic global patterns. We observe the previously known dark bluish leading hemisphere equatorial band on Tethys but have also discovered a similar band on Mimas. Similar in shape, both features match the surface patterns expected for irradiation of the surface by incident MeV electrons that drift in a direction opposite to the plasma flow. The global asymmetry on Enceladus is offset similar to 40 degrees to the west compared to the other satellites. We do not consider Enceladus in detail here, but the global distribution of bluish material can be shown to match the deposition pattern predicted for plume fallback onto the surface (Kempf, S., Beckmann, U., Schmidt, S. [2010]. Icarus 206, 446-457. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.09.016). E-ring deposition on Enceladus thus appears to mask or prevent the formation of the lenses and hemispheric asymmetries we see on the other satellites. Finally, we observe a chain of discrete bluish splotches along the equator of Rhea. Unlike the equatorial bands of Tethys and Mimas, these splotches form a very narrow great circle <= 10-km wide (north-to-south) and appear to be related to surface disruption, exposing fresh, bluish ice on older crater rims. This feature is unique to Rhea and may have formed by impact onto its surface of orbiting material. KW - Satellites, Surfaces KW - Saturn, Satellites KW - Saturn, Rings KW - Enceladus KW - Satellites, Composition KW - Magnetospheres Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2010.08.016 SN - 0019-1035 VL - 211 IS - 1 SP - 740 EP - 757 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mohsen, Amjad A1 - Asch, Günter A1 - Mechie, James A1 - Kind, Rainer A1 - Hofstetter, Rami A1 - Weber, Michael H. A1 - Stiller, M. A1 - Abu-Ayyash, Khalil T1 - Crustal structure of the Dead Sea Basin (DSB) from a receiver function analysis JF - Geophysical journal international N2 - The Dead Sea Transform (DST) is a major left-lateral strike-slip fault that accommodates the relative motion between the African and Arabian plates, connecting a region of extension in the Red Sea to the Taurus collision zone in Turkey over a length of about 1100 km. The Dead Sea Basin (DSB) is one of the largest basins along the DST. The DSB is a morphotectonic depression along the DST, divided into a northern and a southern sub-basin, separated by the Lisan salt diapir. We report on a receiver function study of the crust within the multidisciplinary geophysical project, DEad Sea Integrated REsearch (DESIRE), to study the crustal structure of the DSB. A temporary seismic network was operated on both sides of the DSB between 2006 October and 2008 April. The aperture of the network is approximately 60 km in the E-W direction crossing the DSB on the Lisan peninsula and about 100 km in the N-S direction. Analysis of receiver functions from the DESIRE temporary network indicates that Moho depths vary between 30 and 38 km beneath the area. These Moho depth estimates are consistent with results of near-vertical incidence and wide-angle controlled-source techniques. Receiver functions reveal an additional discontinuity in the lower crust, but only in the DSB and west of it. This leads to the conclusion that the internal crustal structure east and west of the DSB is different at the present-day. However, if the 107 km left-lateral movement along the DST is taken into account, then the region beneath the DESIRE array where no lower crustal discontinuity is observed would have lain about 18 Ma ago immediately adjacent to the region under the previous DESERT array west of the DST where no lower crustal discontinuity is recognized. KW - Transform faults KW - Crustal structure Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04853.x SN - 0956-540X VL - 184 IS - 1 SP - 463 EP - 476 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Malden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Panet, Isabelle A1 - Kuroishi, Yuki A1 - Holschneider, Matthias T1 - Wavelet modelling of the gravity field by domain decomposition methods: an example over Japan JF - Geophysical journal international N2 - With the advent of satellite gravity, large gravity data sets of unprecedented quality at low and medium resolution become available. For local, high resolution field modelling, they need to be combined with the surface gravity data. Such models are then used for various applications, from the study of the Earth interior to the determination of oceanic currents. Here we show how to realize such a combination in a flexible way using spherical wavelets and applying a domain decomposition approach. This iterative method, based on the Schwarz algorithms, allows to split a large problem into smaller ones, and avoids the calculation of the entire normal system, which may be huge if high resolution is sought over wide areas. A subdomain is defined as the harmonic space spanned by a subset of the wavelet family. Based on the localization properties of the wavelets in space and frequency, we define hierarchical subdomains of wavelets at different scales. On each scale, blocks of subdomains are defined by using a tailored spatial splitting of the area. The data weighting and regularization are iteratively adjusted for the subdomains, which allows to handle heterogeneity in the data quality or the gravity variations. Different levels of approximations of the subdomains normals are also introduced, corresponding to building local averages of the data at different resolution levels. We first provide the theoretical background on domain decomposition methods. Then, we validate the method with synthetic data, considering two kinds of noise: white noise and coloured noise. We then apply the method to data over Japan, where we combine a satellite-based geopotential model, EIGEN-GL04S, and a local gravity model from a combination of land and marine gravity data and an altimetry-derived marine gravity model. A hybrid spherical harmonics/wavelet model of the geoid is obtained at about 15 km resolution and a corrector grid for the surface model is derived. KW - Wavelet transform KW - Satellite geodesy KW - Geopotential theory Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04840.x SN - 0956-540X VL - 184 IS - 1 SP - 203 EP - 219 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Candan, Osman A1 - Koralay, O. E. A1 - Akal, Cemal B. A1 - Kaya, O. A1 - Oberhänsli, Roland A1 - Dora, O. O. A1 - Konak, N. A1 - Chen, F. T1 - Supra-Pan-African unconformity between core and cover series of the Menderes Massif/Turkey and its geological implications JF - Precambrian research N2 - Well-preserved primary contact relationships between a Late Proterozoic metasedimentary and the metagranitic core and Palaeozoic cover series of the Menderes Massif have been recognized in the eastern part of the Cine submassif on a regional-scale. Metaconglomerates occur as laterally discontinuous channel-fill bodies close the base of the metaquartzarenite directly above the basement. The pebbles in the metaconglomerates consist mainly of different types of tourmaline-rich leucocratic granitoids, tourmalinite and schist in a sandy matrix. Petrographic features, geochemical compositions and zircon radiometric ages (549.6 +/- 3.7-552.3 +/- 3.1 Ma) of the diagnostic clasts of the metaconglomerates (e.g. leucocratic granitoids and tourmalinites) show excellent agreement with their in situ equivalents (549.0 +/- 5.4 Ma) occurring in the Pan-African basement as stocks and veins. The correlation between clasts in the metaconglomerates and granitoids of the basement suggests that the primary contact between the basement and cover series is a regional unconformity (supra-Pan-African Unconformity) representing deep erosion of the Pan-African basement followed by the deposition of the cover series. Hence the usage of 'core-cover' terminology in the Menderes Massif is valid. Consequently, these new data preclude the views that the granitic precursors of the leucocratic orthogneisses are Tertiary intrusions. KW - Menderes Massif KW - Pan-African KW - Zircon age KW - Core complex KW - Turkey Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2010.09.010 SN - 0301-9268 VL - 184 IS - 1-4 SP - 1 EP - 23 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Saki, A. A1 - Moazzen, Mohssen A1 - Oberhänsli, Roland T1 - P-T evolution of the precambrian metamorphic complex, NW Iran a study of metapelitic rocks JF - Geological journal N2 - The Mahneshan Metamorphic Complex (MMC) is one of the Precambrian terrains exposed in the northwest of Iran. The MMC underwent two main phases of deformation (D-1 and D-2) and at least two metamorphic events (M-1 and M-2). Critical metamorphic mineral assemblages in the metapelitic rocks testify to regional metamorphism under amphibolite-facies conditions. The dominant metamorphic mineral assemblage in metapelitic rocks (M-1) is muscovite, biotite I, Garnet I, staurolite, Andalusite I and sillimanite. Peak metamorphism took place at 600-620 degrees C and similar to 7 kbar, corresponding to a depth of ca. 24 km. This was followed by decompression during exhumation of the crustal rocks up to the surface. The decrease of temperature and pressure during exhumation produced retrograde metamorphic assemblages (M-2). Secondary phases such as garnet II biotite It. Andalusite II constrain the temperature and pressure of M, retrograde metamorphism to 520-560 degrees C and 2.5-3.5 kbar, respectively. The geothermal gradient obtained for the peak of metamorphism is 33 degrees C km(-1), which indicates that peak metamorphism was of Barrovian type and occurred under medium-pressure conditions. The MMC followed a 'clockwise' P T path during metamorphism, consistent with thermal relaxation following tectonic thickening. The bulk chemistry of the MMC metapelites shows that their protoliths were deposited at an active continental margin. Together with the presence of palaeo-suture zones and ophiolitic rocks around the high-grade metamorphic rocks of the MMC, these features suggest that the Iranian Precambrian basement formed by an island-arc type cratonization. KW - Mahneshan Metamorphic Complex KW - Iran KW - metapelitic rock KW - bulk chemistry KW - Barrovian-type metamorphism KW - clockwise P-T path Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.1236 SN - 0072-1050 VL - 46 IS - 1 SP - 10 EP - 25 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Malden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nahavandi, Nahid A1 - Plath, Martin A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph A1 - Mirzajani, Ali R. T1 - Sexual and natural selection on morphological traits in a marine amphipod, Pontogammarus maeoticus (Sowinsky, 1894) JF - Marine biology research N2 - Sexual selection often leads to sexual dimorphism, where secondary sexual traits are more expressed in the male sex. This may be due, for example, to increased fighting or mate-guarding abilities of males expressing those traits. We investigated sexually dimorphic traits in four populations of a marine amphipod, Pontogammarus maeoticus (Gammaridea: Pontogammaridae), the most abundant amphipod species in the sublittoral zone along the southern shoreline of the Caspian Sea. Male amphipods are typically larger in body size than females, and have relatively larger posterior gnathopods and antennae. However, it remains to be studied for most other body appendages whether or not, and to what extent, they are sexually dimorphic. Using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), we compared the relationships between body size and trait expression for 35 metric characters between males and females, and among the four populations examined by performing three different Discriminant Function Analyses (DFA). We detected several thus far undescribed sexual dimorphic traits such as the seventh peraeopods or the epimeral plates. We also found that the size of the propodus of the first and second gnathopods increases with increasing body size, and this allometric increase was stronger in males than in females. Finally, we found that the degree of sexual dimorphism in the expression of the width of the third epimeral plate varies across sites, suggesting that differences in ecology might affect the strength of sexual selection in different populations. KW - Caspian Sea KW - crustacean KW - dimorphism KW - scramble competition Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/17451001003713589 SN - 1745-1000 VL - 7 IS - 2 SP - 135 EP - 146 PB - Taylor & Francis Group CY - Oslo ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prickett, David James T1 - 'We will show you Berlin' space, leisure, flanerie and sexuality JF - Leisure studies : the journal of the Leisure Studies Association N2 - Both the seat of the German government and the capitol of queer German culture, Berlin has been that spatial nexus of politics, sexuality and gender, work and leisure that has enabled the development of multifarious sexual and gender identities. This has caused celebration and consternation among Germans and foreigners alike. Contemporary studies of urban homosexual space cite an erosion of its 'authenticity' when cities market homosexual space in order to attract tourists. My literary analysis shows that Berlin's homosexual male culture and space had already been subject to commoditisation in the Weimar period (1918-1933), when Berliners discovered marketing potential in the French slight la vice allemand [the German vice] - male homosexuality. This article's examination of Weimar Berlin's spatial binary as 'sexy space' and 'sexualised place' in literature by Klaus Mann and Curt Moreck engages with current debates in leisure studies on the gendering and sexing of geography and leisure. Central to this re-evaluation of leisure and tourism in Weimar Berlin is my discussion of flanerie: the figure of the flaneuse indicates that flanerie was not the lone dominion of heterosexual men. In the context of urban leisure and male homosexuality, I argue that Weimar Berlin consistently and successfully negotiated its dual function of sexy space (allowing self-fashioning for homosexual men in Berlin) and sexualised place (voyeurism and sexual exploration for Berlin's newcomers and tourists). KW - tourism KW - consumer culture KW - gender KW - geography KW - history KW - arts Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2010.523836 SN - 0261-4367 VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 157 EP - 177 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Koenig, Tobias A1 - Goldenberg, Leonid M. A1 - Kulikovska, Olga A1 - Kulikovsky, Lazar A1 - Stumpe, Joachim A1 - Santer, Svetlana T1 - Reversible structuring of photosensitive polymer films by surface plasmon near field radiation JF - Soft matter N2 - We report on the fabrication and characterisation of a novel type of hybrid azo-modified photosensitive polymer film with a nanoscale metallic structuring integrated into the substrate. The metal structures permit to generate surface plasmon near fields when irradiated by UV-light from the rear without directly illuminating the polymer. This allows establishment of a localized, complex-shape intensity distribution at sub-wavelength resolution with a corresponding impact on the photosensitive polymer. The possibilities of exploiting this setup are manifold. We find that just by using the change of polarization of the incident light as means of control, the topography can be driven to change between various patterns reversibly. These results are confirmed by numerical simulations and compared with in situ recorded topography changes. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c0sm01164a SN - 1744-683X VL - 7 IS - 9 SP - 4174 EP - 4178 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ehrentraut, Stefan T1 - Perpetually temporary citizenship and ethnic Vietnamese in Cambodia JF - Ethnic and racial studies N2 - There is a clear trend in Western democratic countries towards regularizing the status of long-term ethnic minority residents through the conferral of full and equal citizenship rights. Ethnic minorities who arrived as irregular or temporary migrants in the West are increasingly allowed to follow the immigrant path towards integration into the broader citizenry. This is largely due to recognition that the price of exclusion is not only unjust, but it increases the risk of racial tensions, criminality, and social violence. Investigating the relevance of these Western developments to Cambodia, this article focuses on Cambodia's ethnic Vietnamese minority. Despite residing in Cambodia for generations, ethnic Vietnamese have traditionally been regarded as 'foreign residents' and denied citizenship. Based on extensive field research, this article considers the history and reality of Cambodia's ethnic Vietnamese minority as well as the ethnically-exclusionary policies and practices of the state and Khmer majority towards them. KW - Vietnamese KW - Cambodia KW - ethnicity KW - citizenship KW - minorities KW - rights Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2010.537359 SN - 0141-9870 VL - 34 IS - 5 SP - 779 EP - 798 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bakera, Marco A1 - Margaria, Tiziana A1 - Renner, Clemens D. A1 - Steffen, Bernhard T1 - Game-Based model checking for reliable autonomy in space JF - Journal of aerospace computing, information, and communication N2 - Autonomy is an emerging paradigm for the design and implementation of managed services and systems. Self-managed aspects frequently concern the communication of systems with their environment. Self-management subsystems are critical, they should thus be designed and implemented as high-assurance components. Here, we propose to use GEAR, a game-based model checker for the full modal mu-calculus, and derived, more user-oriented logics, as a user friendly tool that can offer automatic proofs of critical properties of such systems. Designers and engineers can interactively investigate automatically generated winning strategies resulting from the games, this way exploring the connection between the property, the system, and the proof. The benefits of the approach are illustrated on a case study that concerns the ExoMars Rover. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2514/1.32013 SN - 1940-3151 VL - 8 IS - 4 SP - 100 EP - 114 PB - American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics CY - Reston ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kadyamusuma, McLoddy R. A1 - De Bleser, Ria A1 - Mayer, Jörg T1 - Perceptual discrimination of Shona lexical tones and low-pass filtered speech by left and right hemisphere damaged patients JF - Aphasiology : an international, interdisciplinary journal N2 - Background: While the role of the right hemisphere (RH) in prosodic processing is prominent, research on the perception of lexical tones has shown that left hemisphere damaged (LHD) patients are more impaired than right hemisphere damaged (RHD) patients. Dichotic listening and imaging studies with healthy speakers of tone languages demonstrate that at least at the phonemic and lexical level, prosody is processed in the left hemisphere (LH) when the variations in pitch are phonemically distinctive. There is no report available yet on the perceptual discrimination of a Bantu language in patients after unilateral brain damage. Aims: We addressed the question of how well Shona aphasic patients and right hemisphere damaged patients perceive pitch contrasts in Shona lexical words and also in their homologous low-pass filtered counterparts. We also sought to discover the validity of the current hypotheses on hemispheric lateralisation particularly the hypothesis on hemispheric lateralisation based on language function to account for the Shona data. Methods Procedures: A total of 7 LHD and 7 RHD patients and 14 healthy controls participated in two discrimination tasks that examined perception of lexical tone in (a) bisyllabic Shona words and (b) low-pass filtered stimuli. In both tasks the participants were tasked with judging the pitch as the same or different in 120 bisyllabic words and 120 low-pass filtered stimuli. Outcomes Results: The results demonstrated that the tonal discrimination of the LHD group was more reduced in comparison to the RHD group and control participants. However, the performance of the RHD patients was not error free relative to the control participants, although significantly better than the LHD patients in both tasks. Conclusions: At least for the phonemic and lexical levels, brain damage to the dominant hemisphere results in lexical tone impairment for LHD patients, and cognitive load processing results in a subdued but good performance for RHD patients. The LH is therefore dominant for processing tone when it is lexically distinctive. KW - Brain damage KW - Shona KW - Lexical tones KW - Perception KW - Low-pass filtered stimuli KW - Pitch discrimination Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2010.540336 SN - 0268-7038 VL - 25 IS - 5 SP - 576 EP - 592 PB - Wiley CY - Hove ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pauliuk, Franziska A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Heinken, Thilo T1 - Bryophyte dispersal by sheep on dry grassland JF - Nova Hedwigia : Zeitschrift für Kryptogamenkunde N2 - Many bryophytes may depend on epizoochorous dispersal by large mammals for maintaining their populations and colonizing new habitats. On dry grassland we investigated the transport of bryophyte diaspores by sheep, which are known to be effective epizoochorous dispersal vectors of seed plants. Twelve sheep of two breeds were examined by collecting gametophyte fragments from their fleece and hooves. Furthermore, microscopic diaspores from the soil adhering to the hooves were grown in a greenhouse. Species frequency and composition were compared to bryophyte vegetation on the pasture. Considerable amounts of unspecialized gametophyte fragments from 16 moss species, 40% of the species growing on the pasture, were transported by sheep, especially on the belly and the tail. Additionally, we provide first evidence of epizoochorous dispersal of thallus fragments from fruticose lichens. Sheep breeds differed in species spectrum and frequency, i.e. sheep with dense, curly fleece carried more fragments and larger species than those with smooth and fine hair. Among the dispersed bryophytes pleurocarps, certain taxa, sizes (small species) and life forms (mats) were overrepresented compared to the vegetation of the pasture, while large species, acrocarps, wefts and turfs were underrepresented, reflecting fragmentation and adhesion features of the species. In the hooves mostly acrocarpous colonist species were transported. We conclude that sheep are important dispersal vectors with the potential of long-range dispersal for bryophytes, especially for species without sexual reproduction, and that epizoochorous dispersal of microscopic diaspores might be underestimated in its importance so far. KW - Calcareous grassland KW - dispersal of cryptogams KW - epizoochory KW - shoot fragments KW - life history attributes KW - vegetative reproduction Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2011/0092-0327 SN - 0029-5035 VL - 92 IS - 3-4 SP - 327 EP - 341 PB - Cramer CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kollosche, Matthias A1 - Stoyanov, Hristiyan A1 - Laflamme, Simon A1 - Kofod, Guggi T1 - Strongly enhanced sensitivity in elastic capacitive strain sensors JF - Journal of materials chemistry N2 - Strain sensors based on dielectric elastomer capacitors function by the direct coupling of mechanical deformations with the capacitance. The coupling can be improved by enhancing the relative permittivity of the dielectric elastomer. Here, this is carried out through the grafting of conducting polymer (poly-aniline) to the elastomer backbone, leading to molecular composites. An enhancement in capacitance response of 46 times is observed. This could help to extend the possible range of miniaturization towards even smaller device features. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c0jm03786a SN - 0959-9428 VL - 21 IS - 23 SP - 8292 EP - 8294 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sharma, Reeta A1 - Stuckas, Heiko A1 - Bhaskar, Ranjana A1 - Khan, Imran A1 - Goyal, Surendra Prakash A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph T1 - Genetically distinct population of Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) in Terai Arc Landscape (TAL) of India JF - Mammalian biology = Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde N2 - We analyzed mtDNA polymorphisms (a total of 741 bp from a part of conserved control region, ND5, ND2, Cyt b and 12S) in 91 scats and 12 tissue samples of Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) populations across Terai Arc Landscape (TAL) located at the foothills of Himalayas in North Western India, Buxa Tiger Reserve (BTR), and North East India. In TAL and BTR, we found a specific haplotype at high frequency, which was absent elsewhere, indicating a genetically distinct population in these regions. Within the TAL region, there is some evidence for genetic isolation of the tiger populations west of river Ganges, i.e., in the western part of Rajaji National Park (RNP). Although the river itself might not constitute a significant barrier for tigers, recent human-induced changes in habitat and degradation of the Motichur-Chilla Corridor connecting the two sides of the tiger habitat of RNP might effectively prevent genetic exchange. A cohesive population is observed for the rest of the TAL. Even the more eastern BTR belongs genetically to this unit, despite the present lack of a migration corridor between BTR and TAL. In spite of a close geographic proximity, Chitwan (Nepal) constitutes a tiger population genetically different from TAL. Moreover, it is observed that the North East India tiger populations are genetically different from TAL and BTR, as well as from the other Bengal tiger populations in India. KW - Bengal tiger KW - Population genetics KW - mtDNA haplotype KW - Terai Arc Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2010.10.005 SN - 1616-5047 VL - 76 IS - 4 SP - 484 EP - 490 PB - Elsevier CY - Jena ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lück, Erika A1 - Rühlmann, Jörg A1 - Kirchmann, Holger T1 - Properties of soils from the Swedish long-term fertility experiments VI. Mapping soil electrical conductivity with different geophysical methods JF - Acta agriculturae Scandinavica : Section B, Soil and plant science N2 - Swedish long-term soil fertility experiments were used to investigate the effect of texture and fertilization regime on soil electrical conductivity. In one geophysical approach, fields were mapped to characterize the horizontal variability in apparent electrical conductivity down to 1.5 m soil depth using an electromagnetic induction meter (EM38 device). The data obtained were geo-referenced by dGPS. The other approach consisted of measuring the vertical variability in electrical conductivity along transects using a multi-electrode apparatus for electrical resistivity tomography (GeoTom RES/IP device) down to 2 m depth. Geophysical field work was complemented by soil analyses. The results showed that despite 40 years of different fertilization regimes, treatments had no significant effects on the apparent electrical conductivity. Instead, the comparison of sites revealed high and low conductivity soils, with gradual differences explained by soil texture. A significant, linear relationship found between apparent electrical conductivity and soil clay content explained 80% of the variability measured. In terms of soil depth, both low and high electrical conductivity values were measured. Abrupt changes in electrical conductivity within a field revealed the presence of 'deviating areas'. Higher values corresponded well with layers with a high clay content, while local inclusions of coarse-textured materials caused a high variability in conductivity in some fields. The geophysical methods tested provided useful information on the variability in soil texture at the experimental sites. The use of spatial EC variability as a co-variable in statistical analysis could be a complementary tool in the evaluation of experimental results. KW - Conductivity depth model KW - conductivity map KW - electrical resistivity KW - soil heterogeneity Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2010.502124 SN - 0906-4710 VL - 61 IS - 5 SP - 438 EP - 447 PB - Taylor & Francis Group CY - Oslo ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Skrabania, Katja A1 - Miasnikova, Anna A1 - Bivigou Koumba, Achille Mayelle A1 - Zehm, Daniel A1 - Laschewsky, André T1 - Examining the UV-vis absorption of RAFT chain transfer agents and their use for polymer analysis JF - Polymer Chemistry N2 - The absorption characteristics of a large set of thiocarbonyl based chain transfer agents (CTAs) were studied by UV-vis spectroscopy in order to identify appropriate conditions for exploiting their absorbance bands in end-group analysis of polymers prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerisation. Substitution pattern and solvent polarity were found to affect notably the wavelengths and intensities of the pi-pi*- and n-pi*-transition of the thiocarbonyl bond of dithioester and trithiocarbonate RAFT agents. Therefore, it is advisable to refer in end group analysis to the spectral parameters of low molar mass analogues of the active polymer chain ends, rather than to rely on the specific RAFT agent engaged in the polymerisation. When using appropriate conditions, the quantification of the thiocarbonyl end-groups via the pi-pi* band of the thiocarbonyl moiety around 300-310 nm allows a facile, sensitive and surprisingly precise estimation of the number average molar mass of the polymers produced, without the need of particular end group labels. Moreover, when additional methods for absolute molar mass determination can be applied, the quantification of the thiocarbonyl end-groups by UV-spectroscopy provides a good estimate of the degree of active end group for a given polymer sample. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c1py00173f SN - 1759-9954 VL - 2 IS - 9 SP - 2074 EP - 2083 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fanselow, Gisbert A1 - Schlesewsky, Matthias A1 - Vogel, Ralf A1 - Weskott, Thomas T1 - Animacy effects on crossing wh-movement in German JF - Linguistics : an interdisciplinary journal of the language sciences N2 - This article presents several acceptability rating experiments concerned with crossing wh-movement in German multiple questions. Our results show that there is no general superiority effect in German, thus refuting claims to the contrary by Featherston (2005). However, acceptability is reduced when a wh-phrase crosses a wh-subject with which it agrees in animacy. We explain this finding in terms of the availability of different sorting keys for the answers to the multiple questions. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/LING.2011.021 SN - 0024-3949 VL - 49 IS - 4 SP - 657 EP - 683 PB - De Gruyter Mouton CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seiss, Martin A1 - Spahn, Frank T1 - Hydrodynamics of saturn's dense rings JF - Mathematical modelling of natural phenomena N2 - The space missions Voyager and Cassini together with earthbound observations revealed a wealth of structures in Saturn's rings. There are, for example, waves being excited at ring positions which are in orbital resonance with Saturn's moons. Other structures can be assigned to embedded moons like empty gaps, moon induced wakes or S-shaped propeller features. Furthermore, irregular radial structures are observed in the range from 10 meters until kilometers. Here some of these structures will be discussed in the frame of hydrodynamical modeling of Saturn's dense rings. For this purpose we will characterize the physical properties of the ring particle ensemble by mean field quantities and point to the special behavior of the transport coefficients. We show that unperturbed rings can become unstable and how diffusion acts in the rings. Additionally, the alternative streamline formalism is introduced to describe perturbed regions of dense rings with applications to the wake damping and the dispersion relation of the density waves. KW - granular gas KW - instabilities KW - hydrodynamics KW - planetary rings Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/mmnp/20116409 SN - 0973-5348 SN - 1760-6101 VL - 6 IS - 4 SP - 191 EP - 218 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Geschka, Sandra A1 - Kretschmer, A. A1 - Sharkovska, J. A1 - Evgenov, O. V. A1 - Lawrenz, Bettina A1 - Stasch, Johannes-Peter A1 - Hocher, Berthold T1 - Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulation prevents fibrotic tissue Remodelling and improves survival in salt-sensitive dahl rats T2 - Journal of vascular research Y1 - 2011 SN - 1018-1172 VL - 48 IS - 4 SP - 171 EP - 171 PB - Karger CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ahnert, Karsten A1 - Abel, Markus A1 - Kollosche, Matthias A1 - Jorgensen, Per Jorgen A1 - Kofod, Guggi T1 - Soft capacitors for wave energy harvesting JF - Journal of materials chemistry N2 - Wave energy harvesting could be a substantial renewable energy source without impact on the global climate and ecology, yet practical attempts have struggled with the problems of wear and catastrophic failure. An innovative technology for ocean wave energy harvesting was recently proposed, based on the use of soft capacitors. This study presents a realistic theoretical and numerical model for the quantitative characterization of this harvesting method. Parameter regions with optimal behavior are found, and novel material descriptors are determined, which dramatically simplify analysis. The characteristics of currently available materials are evaluated, and found to merit a very conservative estimate of 10 years for raw material cost recovery. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c1jm12454d SN - 0959-9428 SN - 1364-5501 VL - 21 IS - 38 SP - 14492 EP - 14497 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Martin, Maria A. A1 - Winkelmann, Ricarda A1 - Haseloff, M. A1 - Albrecht, Tanja A1 - Bueler, Ed A1 - Khroulev, C. A1 - Levermann, Anders T1 - The Potsdam parallel ice sheet model (PISM-PIK) - Part 2: Dynamic equilibrium simulation of the Antarctic ice sheet JF - The Cryosphere : TC ; an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union N2 - We present a dynamic equilibrium simulation of the ice sheet-shelf system on Antarctica with the Potsdam Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM-PIK). The simulation is initialized with present-day conditions for bed topography and ice thickness and then run to steady state with constant present-day surface mass balance. Surface temperature and sub-shelf basal melt distribution are parameterized. Grounding lines and calving fronts are free to evolve, and their modeled equilibrium state is compared to observational data. A physically-motivated calving law based on horizontal spreading rates allows for realistic calving fronts for various types of shelves. Steady-state dynamics including surface velocity and ice flux are analyzed for whole Antarctica and the Ronne-Filchner and Ross ice shelf areas in particular. The results show that the different flow regimes in sheet and shelves, and the transition zone between them, are captured reasonably well, supporting the approach of superposition of SIA and SSA for the representation of fast motion of grounded ice. This approach also leads to a natural emergence of sliding-dominated flow in stream-like features in this new 3-D marine ice sheet model. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-727-2011 SN - 1994-0416 VL - 5 IS - 3 SP - 727 EP - 740 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Winkelmann, Ricarda A1 - Martin, Maria A. A1 - Haseloff, Monika A1 - Albrecht, Torsten A1 - Bueler, Ed A1 - Khroulev, C. A1 - Levermann, Anders T1 - The Potsdam parallel ice sheet model (PISM-PIK) - Part 1: Model description JF - The Cryosphere : TC ; an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union N2 - We present the Potsdam Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM-PIK), developed at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research to be used for simulations of large-scale ice sheet-shelf systems. It is derived from the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (Bueler and Brown, 2009). Velocities are calculated by superposition of two shallow stress balance approximations within the entire ice covered region: the shallow ice approximation (SIA) is dominant in grounded regions and accounts for shear deformation parallel to the geoid. The plug-flow type shallow shelf approximation (SSA) dominates the velocity field in ice shelf regions and serves as a basal sliding velocity in grounded regions. Ice streams can be identified diagnostically as regions with a significant contribution of membrane stresses to the local momentum balance. All lateral boundaries in PISM-PIK are free to evolve, including the grounding line and ice fronts. Ice shelf margins in particular are modeled using Neumann boundary conditions for the SSA equations, reflecting a hydrostatic stress imbalance along the vertical calving face. The ice front position is modeled using a subgrid-scale representation of calving front motion (Albrecht et al., 2011) and a physically-motivated calving law based on horizontal spreading rates. The model is tested in experiments from the Marine Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project (MISMIP). A dynamic equilibrium simulation of Antarctica under present-day conditions is presented in Martin et al. (2011). Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-715-2011 SN - 1994-0416 VL - 5 IS - 3 SP - 715 EP - 726 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gruber, W. A1 - Braumann, K. M. A1 - Kahlert, Daniela A1 - Brand, Ralf A1 - Schwarz, C. A1 - Staab, D. T1 - Do interavenous antibiotic therapies increase level of physical activity in CF? T2 - Pediatric pulmonology Y1 - 2011 SN - 8755-6863 IS - 3 SP - 355 EP - 355 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Malden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kadyamusuma, McLoddy R. A1 - De Bleser, Ria A1 - Mayer, Jörg T1 - Lexical tone disruption in Shona after brain damage JF - Aphasiology : an international, interdisciplinary journal N2 - Background: The issue of production and perception of lexical tone in patients with brain lesions has been investigated mainly through East Asian languages and Norwegian. The present study investigated the lateralisation of lexical tone in Shona, a Bantu language. Van Lancker (1980) proposed a continuum scale of the levels of functional pitch in the speech signal. According to the functional lateralisation account (FLH), the left hemisphere (LH) is associated with highly structured pitch contrasts, such as phonological tone, whereas the right hemisphere (RH) is specialised for the least structured pitch functions cueing emotional and personal information. The extant data show that the ability to produce and identify lexical tone is frequently more impaired as a result of lesions to the LH than RH lesions. Aims: The present investigation focused on the lateralisation of lexical tone in Shona speakers. The study sought to validate if the scale of hemispheric lateralisation as proposed by Van Lancker (1980) is also valid for Shona, a Bantu language. Methods & Procedures: We examined five LH damaged (LHD) patients and five RH (RHD) damaged patients using a confrontational picture-naming task and a lexical tone identification task of Shona lexical tone. The first experiment investigated the ability of LHD patients and RHD patients to identify Shona lexical tone in 60 disyllabic minimal pairs. The second experiment examined the ability of Shona brain-damaged patients to produce lexical tone using a confrontational picture-naming task with 120 lexical items. Outcomes & Results: We observed a dissociation in the performance of both the LHD and RHD patients in the two tasks. Both groups were impaired in the tone identification task relative to the non-brain-damaged controls. However, RHD patients performed significantly better than the LHD patients in the tone identification task. On the other hand, both LHD and RHD groups were equally impaired in the tone production task in comparison to the controls. Conclusions: The discrepancy in the production and perception of Shona lexical tone for this group of brain-damaged patients shows that, although the two modes are related, they do not always get disrupted at the same level after brain damage. The results from the tone identification task suggest to a certain extent that the FLH is also valid for Shona. In order to account for all the data there is need to carefully consider alternative accounts like the acoustic cue hypothesis (Van Lancker & Sidtis, 1992). KW - Brain-damaged patients KW - Lexical tone KW - Shona KW - Aphasia KW - Production KW - Identification Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2011.590966 SN - 0268-7038 VL - 25 IS - 10 SP - 1239 EP - 1260 PB - Wiley CY - Hove ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Koeth, Anja A1 - Appelhans, Dietmar A1 - Robertson, Daniela A1 - Tiersch, Brigitte A1 - Koetz, Joachim T1 - Use of weakly cationic dendritic glycopolymer for morphological transformation of phospholipid vesicles into tube-like networks JF - Soft matter N2 - Using cationic polyelectrolytes with different molecular architectures, only hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine) with maltose shell is suited to tailor the morphological transformation of anionic vesicles into tube-like networks. The interaction features of those materials partly mimic biological features of tubular proteins in nature. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c1sm06439h SN - 1744-683X VL - 7 IS - 22 SP - 10581 EP - 10584 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schweizer, Geoffrey A1 - Plessner, Henning A1 - Kahlert, Daniela A1 - Brand, Ralf T1 - A Video-Based training method for improving soccer referees' intuitive decision-making skills JF - Journal of applied sport psychology N2 - We present a video-based online training-tool (SET, for Schiedsrichter-Entscheidungs-Training, in German) for improving soccer referees' decisions. We assume that referees' decision-making in contact situations mainly relies on intuitive processing. For improving intuitive decisions, feedback on the correctness of decisions is essential; explanations are not required (Hogarth, 2008). Referees participating in SET watch videos, make decisions, and receive feedback. Evidence of the training's effectiveness was obtained in two experiments with soccer players and expert referees. Immediate feedback on the correctness of decisions without further explanations was sufficient for increasing decision accuracy. Results illustrate that SET is a promising tool for complementing referees' training. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2011.555346 SN - 1041-3200 VL - 23 IS - 4 SP - 429 EP - 442 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmermann, Malte T1 - The grammatical expression of focus in West Chadic variation and uniformity in and across languages JF - Linguistics : an interdisciplinary journal of the language sciences N2 - The article provides an overview of the grammatical realization of focus in four West Chadic languages (Chadic, Afro-Asiatic). The languages discussed exhibit an intriguing crosslinguistic variation in the realization of focus, both among themselves as well as compared to European intonation languages. They also display language-internal variation in the formal realization of focus. The West Chadic languages differ widely in their ways of expressing focus, which range from syntactic over prosodic to morphological devices. In contrast to European intonation languages, the focus marking systems of the West Chadic languages are inconsistent in that focus is often not grammatically expressed, but these inconsistencies are shown to be systematic. Subject foci (contrastive or not) and contrastive nonsubject foci are always grammatically marked, whereas information focus on nonsubjects need not be marked as such. The absence of formal focus marking supports pragmatic theories of focus in terms of contextual resolution. The special status of focused subjects and contrastive foci is derived from the Contrastive Focus Hypothesis, which requires unexpected foci and unexpected focus contents to be marked as such, together with the assumption that canonical subjects in West Chadic receive a default interpretation as topics. Finally, I discuss certain focus ambiguities which are not attested in intonation languages, nor do they follow on standard accounts of focus marking, but which can be accounted for in terms of constraint interaction in the formal expression of focus. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/LING.2011.032 SN - 0024-3949 VL - 49 IS - 5 SP - 1163 EP - 1213 PB - De Gruyter Mouton CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiese, Heike T1 - So as a focus marker in German JF - Linguistics : an interdisciplinary journal of the language sciences N2 - This paper discusses a hitherto undescribed usage of the particle so as a dedicated focus marker in contemporary German. I discuss grammatical and pragmatic characteristics of this focus marker, supporting my account with natural linguistic data and with controlled experimental evidence showing that so has a significant influence on speakers' understanding of what the focus expression in a sentence is. Against this background, I sketch a possible pragmaticalization path from referential usages of so via hedging to a semantically bleached focus marker, which, unlike particles such as auch 'also'/'too' or nur 'only', does not contribute any additional meaning. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/LING.2011.028 SN - 0024-3949 VL - 49 IS - 5 SP - 991 EP - 1039 PB - De Gruyter Mouton CY - Berlin ER -