TY - GEN A1 - Schirrmeister, Lutz A1 - Bobrov, Anatoly A1 - Raschke, Elena A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike A1 - Strauss, Jens A1 - Pestryakova, Luidmila Agafyevna A1 - Wetterich, Sebastian T1 - Late Holocene ice-wedge polygon dynamics in northeastern Siberian coastal lowlands T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Ice-wedge polygons are common features of northeastern Siberian lowland periglacial tundra landscapes. To deduce the formation and alternation of ice-wedge polygons in the Kolyma Delta and in the Indigirka Lowland, we studied shallow cores, up to 1.3 m deep, from polygon center and rim locations. The formation of well-developed low-center polygons with elevated rims and wet centers is shown by the beginning of peat accumulation, increased organic matter contents, and changes in vegetation cover from Poaceae-, Alnus-, and Betula-dominated pollen spectra to dominating Cyperaceae and Botryoccocus presence, and Carex and Drepanocladus revolvens macro-fossils. Tecamoebae data support such a change from wetland to open-water conditions in polygon centers by changes from dominating eurybiontic and sphagnobiontic to hydrobiontic species assemblages. The peat accumulation indicates low-center polygon formation and started between 2380 +/- 30 and 1676 +/- 32 years before present (BP) in the Kolyma Delta. We recorded an opposite change from open-water to wetland conditions because of rim degradation and consecutive high-center polygon formation in the Indigirka Lowland between 2144 +/- 33 and 1632 +/- 32 years BP. The late Holocene records of polygon landscape development reveal changes in local hydrology and soil moisture. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 719 KW - permafrost KW - cryolithology KW - radiocarbon dating KW - paleoecology KW - rhizopods KW - pollen KW - plant macro-fossils Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-426603 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 719 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Murawski, Aline A1 - Vorogushyn, Sergiy A1 - Bürger, Gerd A1 - Gerlitz, Lars A1 - Merz, Bruno T1 - Do changing weather types explain observed climatic trends in the rhine basin? BT - an analysis of within- and between-type changes JF - Journal of geophysical of geophysical research-atmosheres N2 - For attributing hydrological changes to anthropogenic climate change, catchment models are driven by climate model output. A widespread approach to bridge the spatial gap between global climate and hydrological catchment models is to use a weather generator conditioned on weather patterns (WPs). This approach assumes that changes in local climate are characterized by between-type changes of patterns. In this study we test this assumption by analyzing a previously developed WP classification for the Rhine basin, which is based on dynamic and thermodynamic variables. We quantify changes in pattern characteristics and associated climatic properties. The amount of between- and within-type changes is investigated by comparing observed trends to trends resulting solely from WP occurrence. To overcome uncertainties in trend detection resulting from the selected time period, all possible periods in 1901-2010 with a minimum length of 31 years are analyzed. Increasing frequency is found for some patterns associated with high precipitation, although the trend sign highly depends on the considered period. Trends and interannual variations of WP frequencies are related to the long-term variability of large-scale circulation modes. Long-term WP internal warming is evident for summer patterns and enhanced warming for spring/autumn patterns since the 1970s. Observed trends in temperature and partly in precipitation are mainly associated with frequency changes of specific WPs, but some amount of within-type changes remains. The classification can be used for downscaling of past changes considering this limitation, but the inclusion of thermodynamic variables into the classification impedes the downscaling of future climate projections. KW - attribution KW - weather pattern KW - trend analysis KW - downscaling KW - hypothetical trend Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD026654 SN - 2169-897X SN - 2169-8996 VL - 123 IS - 3 SP - 1562 EP - 1584 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mueller, Juliane A1 - Stoll, Josefine A1 - Mueller, Steffen A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Dose-response relationship of core-specific sensorimotor interventions in healthy, welltrained participants BT - study protocol for a (MiSpEx) randomized controlled trial JF - Trials N2 - Background: Core-specific sensorimotor exercises are proven to enhance neuromuscular activity of the trunk, improve athletic performance and prevent back pain. However, the dose-response relationship and, therefore, the dose required to improve trunk function is still under debate. The purpose of the present trial will be to compare four different intervention strategies of sensorimotor exercises that will result in improved trunk function. Methods/design: A single-blind, four-armed, randomized controlled trial with a 3-week (home-based) intervention phase and two measurement days pre and post intervention (M1/M2) is designed. Experimental procedures on both measurement days will include evaluation of maximum isokinetic and isometric trunk strength (extension/flexion, rotation) including perturbations, as well as neuromuscular trunk activity while performing strength testing. The primary outcome is trunk strength (peak torque). Neuromuscular activity (amplitude, latencies as a response to perturbation) serves as secondary outcome. The control group will perform a standardized exercise program of four sensorimotor exercises (three sets of 10 repetitions) in each of six training sessions (30 min duration) over 3 weeks. The intervention groups’ programs differ in the number of exercises, sets per exercise and, therefore, overall training amount (group I: six sessions, three exercises, two sets; group II: six sessions, two exercises, two sets; group III: six sessions, one exercise, three sets). The intervention programs of groups I, II and III include additional perturbations for all exercises to increase both the difficulty and the efficacy of the exercises performed. Statistical analysis will be performed after examining the underlying assumptions for parametric and non-parametric testing. Discussion: The results of the study will be clinically relevant, not only for researchers but also for (sports) therapists, physicians, coaches, athletes and the general population who have the aim of improving trunk function. KW - Sensorimotor training KW - Perturbation KW - Exercise KW - MiSpEx Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-018-2799-9 SN - 1745-6215 VL - 19 IS - 424 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Appiah-Dwomoh, Edem Korkor A1 - Carlsohn, Anja A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Assessment of Dietary Intake of Long-Distance Race Car Drivers BT - A Pilot Study JF - Sports N2 - Long-distance race car drivers are classified as athletes. The sport is physically and mentally demanding, requiring long hours of practice. Therefore, optimal dietary intake is essential for health and performance of the athlete. The aim of the study was to evaluate dietary intake and to compare the data with dietary recommendations for athletes and for the general adult population according to the German Nutrition Society (DGE). A 24-h dietary recall during a competition preparation phase was obtained from 16 male race car drivers (28.3 ± 6.1 years, body mass index (BMI) of 22.9 ± 2.3 kg/m2). The mean intake of energy, nutrients, water and alcohol was recorded. The mean energy, vitamin B2, vitamin E, folate, fiber, calcium, water and alcohol intake were 2124 ± 814 kcal/day, 1.3 ± 0.5 mg/day, 12.5 ± 9.5 mg/day, 231.0 ± 90.9 ug/day, 21.4 ± 9.4 g/day, 1104 ± 764 mg/day, 3309 ± 1522 mL/day and 0.8 ± 2.5 mL/day respectively. Our study indicated that many of the nutrients studied, including energy and carbohydrate, were below the recommended dietary intake for both athletes and the DGE. KW - long-distance race car driving KW - dietary intake KW - 24 h recall KW - pilot study Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6040118 SN - 2075-4663 VL - 6 IS - 4 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Appiah-Dwomoh, Edem Korkor A1 - Müller, Steffen A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Reproducibility of Static and Dynamic Postural Control Measurement in Adolescent Athletes with Back Pain JF - Rehabilitation Research and Practice N2 - Static (one-legged stance) and dynamic (star excursion balance) postural control tests were performed by 14 adolescent athletes with and 17 without back pain to determine reproducibility. The total displacement, mediolateral and anterior-posterior displacements of the centre of pressure in mm for the static, and the normalized and composite reach distances for the dynamic tests were analysed. Intraclass correlation coefficients, 95% confidence intervals, and a Bland-Altman analysis were calculated for reproducibility. Intraclass correlation coefficients for subjects with (0.54 to 0.65), (0.61 to 0.69) and without (0.45 to 0.49), (0.52 to 0.60) back pain were obtained on the static test for right and left legs, respectively. Likewise, (0.79 to 0.88), (0.75 to 0.93) for subjects with and (0.61 to 0.82), (0.60 to 0.85) for those without back pain were obtained on the dynamic test for the right and left legs, respectively. Systematic bias was not observed between test and retest of subjects on both static and dynamic tests. The one-legged stance and star excursion balance tests have fair to excellent reliabilities on measures of postural control in adolescent athletes with and without back pain. They can be used as measures of postural control in adolescent athletes with and without back pain. KW - Excursion Balance Test KW - Female Collegiate Soccer KW - Test-Retest Reliability KW - Lower-Extremity Injury KW - Lumbar Spine KW - Performance KW - Basketball KW - Children KW - Prevalence KW - Stability Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8438350 SN - 2090-2875 SN - 2090-2867 VL - 2018 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Hindawi CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mayer, Martin A1 - Ullmann, Wiebke A1 - Sunde, Peter A1 - Fischer, Christina A1 - Blaum, Niels T1 - Habitat selection by the European hare in arable landscapes BT - The importance of small-scale habitat structure for conservation JF - Ecology and Evolution N2 - Agricultural land-use practices have intensified over the last decades, leading to population declines of various farmland species, including the European hare (Lepus europaeus). In many European countries, arable fields dominate agricultural landscapes. Compared to pastures, arable land is highly variable, resulting in a large spatial variation of food and cover for wildlife over the course of the year, which potentially affects habitat selection by hares. Here, we investigated within-home-range habitat selection by hares in arable areas in Denmark and Germany to identify habitat requirements for their conservation. We hypothesized that hare habitat selection would depend on local habitat structure, that is, vegetation height, but also on agricultural field size, vegetation type, and proximity to field edges. Active hares generally selected for short vegetation (1-25 cm) and avoided higher vegetation and bare ground, especially when fields were comparatively larger. Vegetation >50 cm potentially restricts hares from entering parts of their home range and does not provide good forage, the latter also being the case on bare ground. The vegetation type was important for habitat selection by inactive hares, with fabaceae, fallow, and maize being selected for, potentially providing both cover and forage. Our results indicate that patches of shorter vegetation could improve the forage quality and habitat accessibility for hares, especially in areas with large monocultures. Thus, policymakers should aim to increase areas with short vegetation throughout the year. Further, permanent set-asides, like fallow and wildflower areas, would provide year-round cover for inactive hares. Finally, the reduction in field sizes would increase the density of field margins, and farming different crop types within small areas could improve the habitat for hares and other farmland species. KW - agriculture KW - arable land KW - conservation KW - GPS KW - habitat selection KW - Lepus europaeus KW - vegetation height Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4613 SN - 2045-7758 VL - 8 IS - 23 SP - 11619 EP - 11633 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kollodzeiski, Ulrike T1 - Rezension zu: Mühling, Christian: Die europäische Debatte über den Religionskrieg (1679–1714) : konfessionelle Memoria und internationale Politik im Zeitalter Ludwigs XIV. - Göttingen : Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2018. - 587 S. - ISBN 978-3-525-31054-0 JF - Jahrbuch für Kommunikationsgeschichte Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-3-515-12876-6 SN - 1438-4485 IS - 22 SP - 158 EP - 159 PB - Steiner CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ullmann, Wiebke A1 - Fischer, Christina A1 - Pirhofer-Walzl, Karin A1 - Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie A1 - Blaum, Niels T1 - Spatiotemporal variability in resources affects herbivore home range formation in structurally contrasting and unpredictable agricultural landscapes JF - Landscape ecology N2 - We investigated whether a given landscape structure affects the level of home range size adaptation in response to resource variability. We tested whether increasing resource variability forces herbivorous mammals to increase their home ranges. In 2014 and 2015 we collared 40 European brown hares (Lepus europaeus) with GPS-tags to record hare movements in two regions in Germany with differing landscape structures. We examined hare home range sizes in relation to resource availability and variability by using the normalized difference vegetation index as a proxy. Hares in simple landscapes showed increasing home range sizes with increasing resource variability, whereas hares in complex landscapes did not enlarge their home range. Animals in complex landscapes have the possibility to include various landscape elements within their home ranges and are more resilient against resource variability. But animals in simple landscapes with few elements experience shortcomings when resource variability becomes high. The increase in home range size, the movement related increase in energy expenditure, and a decrease in hare abundances can have severe implications for conservation of mammals in anthropogenic landscapes. Hence, conservation management could benefit from a better knowledge about fine-scaled effects of resource variability on movement behaviour. KW - Resource variability KW - Resource availability KW - Home range size KW - European brown hare KW - GPS tracking KW - Telemetry KW - Lepus europaeus Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-018-0676-2 SN - 0921-2973 SN - 1572-9761 VL - 33 IS - 9 SP - 1505 EP - 1517 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kleinpeter, Erich A1 - Koch, Andreas T1 - Stable Carbenes or Betaines? JF - European journal of organic chemistry N2 - The anisotropy effect in H-1 NMR spectroscopy can be readily employed to indicate the position of carbene/betaine mesomeric equilibria. NR2 substituted carbene/betaines tend to adopt betaine structures, whereas in the absence of NR2 substituents, the betaine structures cannot stabilise the structure through both -donation effects of the NMe2 groups and the electronegativity of the nitrogen atoms, and the corresponding carbene-like structures are preferred. These conclusions are supported by calculated bond orders and (C-13)/ppm values. The spatial magnetic properties of isonitriles and carbon monoxide, which can be counted as stable carbenes or, at least, as carbene-analogues, also exist as stable betaine structures, which is again supported by structural and magnetic properties. KW - Carbenes KW - Betaines KW - Mesomerism KW - Through-space NMR shieldings (TSNMRS) KW - NMR spectroscopy KW - Conformation analysis Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201800462 SN - 1434-193X SN - 1099-0690 VL - 2018 IS - 24 SP - 3114 EP - 3121 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mueller, Steffen A1 - Engel, Tilman A1 - Müller, Juliane A1 - Stoll, Josefine A1 - Baur, Heiner A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Sensorimotor exercises and enhanced trunk function BT - a randomized controlled trial JF - International journal of sports medicine N2 - The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a 6-week sensorimotor or resistance training on maximum trunk strength and response to sudden, high-intensity loading in athletes. Interventions showed no significant difference for maximum strength in concentric and eccentric testing (p>0.05). For perturbation compensation, higher peak torque response following SMT (Extension: +24Nm 95%CI +/- 19Nm; Rotation: + 19Nm 95%CI +/- 13Nm) and RT (Extension: +35Nm 95%CI +/- 16Nm; Rotation: +5Nm 95%CI +/- 4Nm) compared to CG (Extension: -4Nm 95%CI +/- 16Nm; Rotation: -2Nm 95%CI +/- 4Nm) was present (p<0.05). KW - core KW - training intervention KW - prevention KW - perturbation KW - MiSpEx* Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0592-7286 SN - 0172-4622 SN - 1439-3964 VL - 39 IS - 7 SP - 555 EP - 563 PB - Thieme CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sicard, Adrien A1 - Lenhard, Michael T1 - Capsella T2 - Current biology Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.06.033 SN - 0960-9822 SN - 1879-0445 VL - 28 IS - 17 SP - R920 EP - R921 PB - Cell Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bollier, Norbert A1 - Sicard, Adrien A1 - Leblond, Julie A1 - Latrasse, David A1 - Gonzalez, Nathalie A1 - Gevaudant, Frederic A1 - Benhamed, Moussa A1 - Raynaud, Cecile A1 - Lenhard, Michael A1 - Chevalier, Christian A1 - Hernould, Michel A1 - Delmas, Frederic T1 - At-MINI ZINC FINGER2 and Sl-INHIBITOR OF MERISTEM ACTIVITY, a Conserved Missing Link in the Regulation of Floral Meristem Termination in Arabidopsis and Tomato JF - The plant cell N2 - In angiosperms, the gynoecium is the last structure to develop within the flower due to the determinate fate of floral meristem (FM) stem cells. The maintenance of stem cell activity before its arrest at the stage called FM termination affects the number of carpels that develop. The necessary inhibition at this stage of WUSCHEL (WUS), which is responsible for stem cell maintenance, involves a two-step mechanism. Direct repression mediated by the MADS domain transcription factor AGAMOUS (AG), followed by indirect repression requiring the C2H2 zinc-finger protein KNUCKLES (KNU), allow for the complete termination of floral stem cell activity. Here, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana MINI ZINC FINGER2 (AtMIF2) and its homolog in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), INHIBITOR OF MERISTEM ACTIVITY (SlIMA), participate in the FM termination process by functioning as adaptor proteins. AtMIF2 and SlIMA recruit AtKNU and SlKNU, respectively, to form a transcriptional repressor complex together with TOPLESS and HISTONE DEACETYLASE19. AtMIF2 and SlIMA bind to the WUS and SIWUS loci in the respective plants, leading to their repression. These results provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms governing (FM) termination and highlight the essential role of AtMIF2/SlIMA during this developmental step, which determines carpel number and therefore fruit size. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.17.00653 SN - 1040-4651 SN - 1532-298X VL - 30 IS - 1 SP - 83 EP - 100 PB - American Society of Plant Physiologists CY - Rockville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Thomas A1 - Faivre, Lea A1 - Bäurle, Isabel A1 - Schubert, Daniel T1 - Chromatin-based mechanisms of temperature memory in plants JF - Plant, cell & environment : cell physiology, whole-plant physiology, community physiology N2 - For successful growth and development, plants constantly have to gauge their environment. Plants are capable to monitor their current environmental conditions, and they are also able to integrate environmental conditions over time and store the information induced by the cues. In a developmental context, such an environmental memory is used to align developmental transitions with favourable environmental conditions. One temperature-related example of this is the transition to flowering after experiencing winter conditions, that is, vernalization. In the context of adaptation to stress, such an environmental memory is used to improve stress adaptation even when the stress cues are intermittent. A somatic stress memory has now been described for various stresses, including extreme temperatures, drought, and pathogen infection. At the molecular level, such a memory of the environment is often mediated by epigenetic and chromatin modifications. Histone modifications in particular play an important role. In this review, we will discuss and compare different types of temperature memory and the histone modifications, as well as the reader, writer, and eraser proteins involved. KW - chromatin KW - cold KW - epigenetics KW - heat KW - memory KW - nucleosome remodelling KW - polycomb KW - priming KW - trithorax Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13373 SN - 0140-7791 SN - 1365-3040 VL - 42 IS - 3 SP - 762 EP - 770 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Lena Katharina A1 - Bochow, Mathias A1 - Imhof, Hannes K. A1 - Oswald, Sascha T1 - Multi-temporal surveys for microplastic particles enabled by a novel and fast application of SWIR imaging spectroscopy BT - Study of an urban watercourse traversing the city of Berlin, Germany JF - Environmental pollution N2 - Following the widespread assumption that a majority of ubiquitous marine microplastic particles originate from land-based sources, recent studies identify rivers as important pathways for microplastic particles (MPP) to the oceans. Yet a detailed understanding of the underlying processes and dominant sources is difficult to obtain with the existing accurate but extremely time-consuming methods available for the identification of MPP. Thus in the presented study, a novel approach applying short-wave infrared imaging spectroscopy for the quick and semi-automated identification of MPP is applied in combination with a multitemporal survey concept. Volume-reduced surface water samples were taken from transects at ten points along a major watercourse running through the South of Berlin, Germany, on six dates. After laboratory treatment, the samples were filtered onto glass fiber filters, scanned with an imaging spectrometer and analyzed by image processing. The presented method allows to count MPP, classify the plastic types and determine particle sizes. At the present stage of development particles larger than 450 m in diameter can be identified and a visual validation showed that the results are reliable after a subsequent visual final check of certain typical error types. Therefore, the method has the potential to accelerate microplastic identification by complementing FTIR and Raman microspectroscopy. Technical advancements (e.g. new lens) will allow lower detection limits and a higher grade of automatization in the near future. The resulting microplastic concentrations in the water samples are discussed in a spatio-temporal context with respect to the influence (i) of urban areas, (ii) of effluents of three major Berlin wastewater treatment plants discharging into the canal and (iii) of precipitation events. Microplastic concentrations were higher downstream of the urban area and after precipitation. An increase in microplastic concentrations was discernible for the wastewater treatment plant located furthest upstream though not for the other two. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.097 SN - 0269-7491 SN - 1873-6424 VL - 239 SP - 579 EP - 589 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Warschburger, Petra A1 - Gmeiner, Michaela Silvia A1 - Morawietz, Marisa A1 - Rinck, Mike T1 - Evaluation of an approach-avoidance training intervention for children and adolescents with obesity BT - a randomized placebo-controlled prospective trial JF - European eating disorders review : the professional journal of the Eating Disorders Associatio N2 - This study evaluated the efficacy of approach-avoidance training as an additional treatment for children and adolescents with obesity seeking inpatient treatment. Two hundred thirty-two participants (8-16years, 53.9% girls) were randomly assigned either to multisession approach-avoidance (IG) or to placebo training (CG). As outcomes, cognitive biases post intervention, body mass index, eating behaviour, food intake, self-regulation, and weight-related quality of life were assessed, also at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Modification of approach-avoidance bias was observed, but lacked in transfer over sessions and in generalization to attention and association bias. After 6months, the IG reported less problematic food consumption, higher self-regulation, and higher quality of life; effects did not persist until the 12-month follow-up; no significant interaction effects were observed regarding weight course. Despite there was no direct effect on weight course, approach-avoidance training seems to be associated with promising effects on important pillars for weight loss. Further research concerning clinical effectiveness is warranted. KW - approach-avoidance training KW - child KW - cognitive bias modification KW - intervention KW - obesity Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.2607 SN - 1072-4133 SN - 1099-0968 VL - 26 IS - 5 SP - 472 EP - 482 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - GEN A1 - Horowitz, Carol R. A1 - Fei, Kezhen A1 - Ramos, Michelle A. A1 - Hauser, Diane A1 - Ellis, Stephen B. A1 - Calman, Neil A1 - Böttinger, Erwin T1 - Receipt of genetic risk information significantly improves blood pressure control among African anecestry adults with hypertension BT - results of a randomized trail T2 - Journal of General Internal Medicine Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-018-4413-y SN - 0884-8734 SN - 1525-1497 VL - 33 SP - S322 EP - S323 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - GEN A1 - Stete, Felix A1 - Koopman, Wouter-Willem Adriaan A1 - Bargheer, Matias T1 - Signatures of strong coupling on nanoparticles BT - revealing absorption anticrossing by tuning the dielectric environment T2 - Quantum Nano-Photonics N2 - The electromagnetic coupling of molecular excitations to plasmonic nanoparticles offers a promising method to manipulate the light-matter interaction at the nanoscale. Plasmonic nanoparticles foster exceptionally high coupling strengths, due to their capacity to strongly concentrate the light-field to sub-wavelength mode volumes. A particularly interesting coupling regime occurs, if the coupling increases to a level such that the coupling strength surpasses all damping rates in the system. In this so-called strong-coupling regime hybrid light-matter states emerge, which can no more be divided into separate light and matter components. These hybrids unite the features of the original components and possess new resonances whose positions are separated by the Rabi splitting energy h Omega. Detuning the resonance of one of the components leads to an anticrossing of the two arising branches of the new resonances omega(+) and omega(-) with a minimal separation of Omega = omega(+) - omega(-). Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-94-024-1546-9 SN - 978-94-024-1544-5 SN - 978-94-024-1543-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1544-5_53 SN - 1871-465X SP - 445 EP - 447 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - GEN A1 - Stete, Felix A1 - Schossau, Phillip Gerald A1 - Koopman, Wouter-Willem Adriaan A1 - Bargheer, Matias T1 - Size Dependence of the Coupling Strength in Plasmon-Exciton Nanoparticles T2 - Quantum Nano-Photonics N2 - The coupling between molecular excitations and nanoparticles leads to promising applications. It is for example used to enhance the optical cross-section of molecules in surface enhanced Raman scattering, Purcell enhancement or plasmon enhanced dye lasers. In a coupled system new resonances emerge resulting from the original plasmon (ωpl) and exciton (ωex) resonances as ω±=12(ωpl+ωex)±14(ωpl−ωex)2+g2−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√, (1) where g is the coupling parameter. Hence, the new resonances show a separation of Δ = ω+ − ω− from which the coupling strength can be deduced from the minimum distance between the two resonances, Ω = Δ(ω+ = ω−). Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-94-024-1546-9 SN - 978-94-024-1544-5 SN - 978-94-024-1543-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1544-5_26 SN - 1871-465X SP - 381 EP - 383 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - THES A1 - Tchoumba Kwamen, Christelle Larodia T1 - Investigating the dynamics of polarization reversal in ferroelectric thin films by time-resolved X-ray diffraction T1 - Untersuchung der Dynamik der Polarisationsumkehr in ferroelektrischen Dünnschichten durch zeitaufgelöste Röntgenbeugung N2 - Ferroic materials have attracted a lot of attention over the years due to their wide range of applications in sensors, actuators, and memory devices. Their technological applications originate from their unique properties such as ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity. In order to optimize these materials, it is necessary to understand the coupling between their nanoscale structure and transient response, which are related to the atomic structure of the unit cell. In this thesis, synchrotron X-ray diffraction is used to investigate the structure of ferroelectric thin film capacitors during application of a periodic electric field. Combining electrical measurements with time-resolved X-ray diffraction on a working device allows for visualization of the interplay between charge flow and structural motion. This constitutes the core of this work. The first part of this thesis discusses the electrical and structural dynamics of a ferroelectric Pt/Pb(Zr0.2,Ti0.8)O3/SrRuO3 heterostructure during charging, discharging, and polarization reversal. After polarization reversal a non-linear piezoelectric response develops on a much longer time scale than the RC time constant of the device. The reversal process is inhomogeneous and induces a transient disordered domain state. The structural dynamics under sub-coercive field conditions show that this disordered domain state can be remanent and can be erased with an appropriate voltage pulse sequence. The frequency-dependent dynamic characterization of a Pb(Zr0.52,Ti0.48)O3 layer, at the morphotropic phase boundary, shows that at high frequency, the limited domain wall velocity causes a phase lag between the applied field and both the structural and electrical responses. An external modification of the RC time constant of the measurement delays the switching current and widens the electromechanical hysteresis loop while achieving a higher compressive piezoelectric strain within the crystal. In the second part of this thesis, time-resolved reciprocal space maps of multiferroic BiFeO3 thin films were measured to identify the domain structure and investigate the development of an inhomogeneous piezoelectric response during the polarization reversal. The presence of 109° domains is evidenced by the splitting of the Bragg peak. The last part of this work investigates the effect of an optically excited ultrafast strain or heat pulse propagating through a ferroelectric BaTiO3 layer, where we observed an additional current response due to the laser pulse excitation of the metallic bottom electrode of the heterostructure. N2 - Ferroika haben aufgrund vielfältiger Anwendungsmöglichkeiten in Sensoren, Motoren und Speichermedien in den letzten Jahren viel Aufmerksamkeit erhalten. Das Interesse für technologische Anwendungen ist in ihren einzigartigen Eigenschaften wie Ferroelektrizität und Piezoelektrizität begründet. Um die Eigenschaften dieser Materialien zu optimieren ist es notwendig, die Kopplung zwischen ihrer Nanostruktur und der zeitabhängigen Antwort auf die Anregung zu verstehen, welcher von der Atomstruktur der Einheitszelle abhängig ist. In dieser Arbeit wird Röntgenbeugung an einem Synchrotron verwendet, um die Struktur eines ferroelektrischen Dünnschichtkondensators während eines angelegten elektrischen Feld zu beobachten. Den Kern dieser Arbeit bildet die Kombination aus elektrischen zeitaufgelösten Röntgenbeugungsmessungen an einem betriebsfähigen Kondensator, was die Visualisierung des Zusammenspiels zwischen Ladungsbewegung und Strukturdynamik ermöglicht. Der erste Teil der Arbeit befasst sich mit der elektrischen und strukturellen Dynamik einer ferroelektrischen Pt/Pb(Zr0.2,Ti0.8)O3/SrRuO3 Heterostruktur während des Ladens, Entladens und der Polarisationsumkehr. Nach der Umkehr der Polarisation bildet sich auf einer längeren Zeitskala als die RC-Zeitkonstante der Probe ein nichtlineares piezoelektrisches Signal aus. Der Umkehrungsprozess ist inhomogen und induziert einen vorübergehenden Zustand ungeordneter Domänen. Die strukturelle Dynamik mit einem angelegten elektrischen Feld unterhalb des Koerzitivfelds zeigt, dass dieser ungeordnete Zustand remanent sein kann und mit einer entsprechenden Abfolge von Spannungspulsen wieder entfernt werden kann. Die frequenzabhängige Charakterisierung der Dynamik einer Pb(Zr0.52,Ti0.48)O3 Schicht mit einer Zusammensetzung, die der morphotropen Phasengrenze entspricht, zeigt, dass bei hohen Frequenzen die begrenzte Domänenwandgeschwindigkeit eine Phasenverzögerung zwischen dem angelegten Feld und dem strukturellen sowie dem elektrischen Signal verursacht. Eine externe Änderung der RC-Zeitkonstante verzögert den Schaltstrom und verbreitert die elektromechanische Hysteresekurve, während im Kristall eine höhere kompressive piezoeletrische Spannung erzeugt wird. In dem zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit wurde der reziproke Raum von multiferroischen dünnen BiFeO3 Filmen vermessen, um die Domänenstruktur zu identifizieren und die Entwicklung eines inhomogenen piezoelektrischen Signals während der Polarisationsumkehr zu untersuchen. Das Aufspalten des Bragg Reflexes ist ein Hinweis auf die Existenz von 109° Domänen. Der letzte Teil der Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Effekt, den ein durch optische Anregung erzeugter ultraschneller Verspannungs- oder Wärmepuls hervorruft, der durch eine ferroelektrische BaTiO3 Schicht propagiert. Dabei wurde durch die Anregung der unteren metallischen Elektrode der Heterostruktur durch den Laserpuls ein zusätzliches Ladungssignal beobachtet. KW - ferroelectrics KW - X-ray diffraction KW - structural dynamics KW - Ferroelektrika KW - Röntgenbeugung KW - Strukturdynamik Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427815 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schad, Daniel A1 - Garbusow, Maria A1 - Friedel, Eva A1 - Sommer, Christian A1 - Sebold, Miriam Hannah A1 - Hägele, Claudia A1 - Bernhardt, Nadine A1 - Nebe, Stephan A1 - Kuitunen-Paul, Sören A1 - Liu, Shuyan A1 - Eichmann, Uta A1 - Beck, Anne A1 - Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich A1 - Walter, Henrik A1 - Sterzer, Philipp A1 - Zimmermann, Ulrich S. A1 - Smolka, Michael N. A1 - Schlagenhauf, Florian A1 - Huys, Quentin J. M. A1 - Heinz, Andreas A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin T1 - Neural correlates of instrumental responding in the context of alcohol-related cues index disorder severity and relapse risk JF - European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience : official organ of the German Society for Biological Psychiatry N2 - The influence of Pavlovian conditioned stimuli on ongoing behavior may contribute to explaining how alcohol cues stimulate drug seeking and intake. Using a Pavlovian-instrumental transfer task, we investigated the effects of alcohol-related cues on approach behavior (i.e., instrumental response behavior) and its neural correlates, and related both to the relapse after detoxification in alcohol-dependent patients. Thirty-one recently detoxified alcohol-dependent patients and 24 healthy controls underwent instrumental training, where approach or non-approach towards initially neutral stimuli was reinforced by monetary incentives. Approach behavior was tested during extinction with either alcohol-related or neutral stimuli (as Pavlovian cues) presented in the background during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Patients were subsequently followed up for 6 months. We observed that alcohol-related background stimuli inhibited the approach behavior in detoxified alcohol-dependent patients (t = -3.86, p < .001), but not in healthy controls (t = -0.92, p = .36). This behavioral inhibition was associated with neural activation in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) (t((30)) = 2.06, p < .05). Interestingly, both the effects were only present in subsequent abstainers, but not relapsers and in those with mild but not severe dependence. Our data show that alcohol-related cues can acquire inhibitory behavioral features typical of aversive stimuli despite being accompanied by a stronger NAcc activation, suggesting salience attribution. The fact that these findings are restricted to abstinence and milder illness suggests that they may be potential resilience factors. KW - Alcohol dependence KW - Human neuroimaging KW - Nucleus accumbens KW - Pavlovian-instrumental transfer KW - Relapse Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-017-0860-4 SN - 0940-1334 SN - 1433-8491 VL - 269 IS - 3 SP - 295 EP - 308 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - GEN A1 - Garbusow, Maria A1 - Sommer, C. A1 - Nebe, S. A1 - Sebold, Miriam Hannah A1 - Kuitunen-Paul, Sören A1 - Wittchen, H. U. A1 - Smolka, M. A1 - Zimmermann, U. A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin A1 - Huys, Q. A1 - Schlagenhauf, Florian A1 - Heinz, A. T1 - Pavlovian-instrumental transfer in the course of alcohol use disorder T2 - European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists N2 - Background: Pavlovian processes are thought to play an important role in the development, maintenance and relapse of alcohol dependence, possibly by influencing and usurping on- going thought and behavior. The influence of Pavlovian stimuli on on-going behavior is paradigmatically measured by Pavlovian-to-instrumental-transfer (PIT) tasks. These involve multiple stages and are complex. Whether increased PIT is involved in human alcohol dependence is uncertain. We therefore aimed to establish and validate a modified PIT paradigm that would be robust, consistent, and tolerated by healthy controls as well as by patients suffering from alcohol dependence, and to explore whether alcohol dependence is associated with enhanced Pavlovian-Instrumental transfer. Methods: 32 recently detoxified alcohol-dependent patients and 32 age and gender matched healthy controls performed a PIT task with instrumental go/no-go approach behaviours. The task involved both Pavlovian stimuli associated with monetary rewards and losses, and images of drinks. Results: Both patients and healthy controls showed a robust and temporally stable PIT effect. Strengths of PIT effects to drug-related and monetary conditioned stimuli were highly correlated. Patients more frequently showed a PIT effect and the effect was stronger in response to aversively conditioned CSs (conditioned suppression), but there was no group difference in response to appetitive CSs. Conclusion: The implementation of PIT has favorably robust properties in chronic alcohol- dependent patients and in healthy controls. It shows internal consistency between monetary and drug-related cues. The findings support an association of alcohol dependence with an increased propensity towards PIT. Y1 - 2018 SN - 0924-9338 SN - 1778-3585 VL - 48 SP - S546 EP - S546 PB - Elsevier CY - ISSY-LES-MOULINEAUX ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stelzel, Christine A1 - Bohle, Hannah A1 - Schauenburg, Gesche A1 - Walter, Henrik A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin A1 - Heinzel, Stephan T1 - Contribution of the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex to Cognitive-Postural Multitasking JF - Frontiers in psychologie N2 - There is evidence for cortical contribution to the regulation of human postural control. Interference from concurrently performed cognitive tasks supports this notion, and the lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC) has been suggested to play a prominent role in the processing of purely cognitive as well as cognitive-postural dual tasks. The degree of cognitive-motor interference varies greatly between individuals, but it is unresolved whether individual differences in the recruitment of specific lPFC regions during cognitive dual tasking are associated with individual differences in cognitive-motor interference. Here, we investigated inter-individual variability in a cognitive-postural multitasking situation in healthy young adults (n = 29) in order to relate these to inter-individual variability in lPFC recruitment during cognitive multitasking. For this purpose, a oneback working memory task was performed either as single task or as dual task in order to vary cognitive load. Participants performed these cognitive single and dual tasks either during upright stance on a balance pad that was placed on top of a force plate or during fMRI measurement with little to no postural demands. We hypothesized dual one-back task performance to be associated with lPFC recruitment when compared to single one-back task performance. In addition, we expected individual variability in lPFC recruitment to be associated with postural performance costs during concurrent dual one-back performance. As expected, behavioral performance costs in postural sway during dual-one back performance largely varied between individuals and so did lPFC recruitment during dual one-back performance. Most importantly, individuals who recruited the right mid-lPFC to a larger degree during dual one-back performance also showed greater postural sway as measured by larger performance costs in total center of pressure displacements. This effect was selective to the high-load dual one-back task and suggests a crucial role of the right lPFC in allocating resources during cognitivemotor interference. Our study provides further insight into the mechanisms underlying cognitive-motor multitasking and its impairments. KW - balance KW - dual task KW - fMRI KW - postural control KW - working memory Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01075 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 9 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sebold, Miriam Hannah A1 - Garbusow, Maria A1 - Nebe, S. A1 - Sundmacher, L. A1 - Kuitunen-Paul, Sören A1 - Wittchen, H. U. A1 - Smolka, M. A1 - Zimmermann, U. A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin A1 - Huys, Q. A1 - Schlagenhauf, Florian A1 - Heinz, A. T1 - From goals to habits in alcohol dependence BT - association with treatment outcome and cognitive bias modification training T2 - European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists Y1 - 2018 SN - 0924-9338 SN - 1778-3585 VL - 48 SP - S274 EP - S274 PB - Elsevier CY - Paris ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kaminski, Jakob A1 - Schlagenhauf, Florian A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin A1 - Awasthi, Swapnil A1 - Ruggeri, Barbara A1 - Deserno, Lorenz A1 - Laura, Daedelow A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias A1 - Bokde, Arun A1 - Quinlan, Erin Burke A1 - Buechel, Christian A1 - Bromberg, Uli A1 - Desrivieres, Sylvane A1 - Flor, Herta A1 - Frouin, Vincent A1 - Garavan, Hugh A1 - Gowland, Penny A1 - Ittermann, Bernd A1 - Martinot, Jean-Luc A1 - Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillere A1 - Nees, Frauke A1 - Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos A1 - Paus, Tomas A1 - Poustka, Luise A1 - Smolka, Michael A1 - Froehner, Juliane A1 - Walter, Henrik A1 - Whelan, Robert A1 - Ripke, Stephan A1 - Schumann, Gunter A1 - Heinz, Andreas T1 - Variance in Dopaminergic Markers BT - a possible marker of individual differences in IQ? T2 - Biological psychiatry : a journal of psychiatric neuroscience and therapeutics ; a publication of the Society of Biological Psychiatry KW - Intelligence KW - Dopamine KW - Epigenetic Biomarkers KW - Reward Anticipation KW - Polygenic Risk Score Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.02.311 SN - 0006-3223 SN - 1873-2402 VL - 83 IS - 9 SP - S118 EP - S118 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kaminski, Jakob A. A1 - Schlagenhauf, Florian A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin A1 - Awasthi, Swapnil A1 - Ruggeri, Barbara A1 - Deserno, Lorenz A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias A1 - Bokde, Arun L. W. A1 - Bromberg, Uli A1 - Büchel, Christian A1 - Quinlan, Erin Burke A1 - Desrivières, Sylvane A1 - Flor, Herta A1 - Frouin, Vincent A1 - Garavan, Hugh A1 - Gowland, Penny A1 - Ittermann, Bernd A1 - Martinot, Jean-Luc A1 - Paillère Martinot, Marie-Laure A1 - Nees, Frauke A1 - Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri A1 - Paus, Tomáš A1 - Poustka, Luise A1 - Smolka, Michael N. A1 - Fröhner, Juliane H. A1 - Walter, Henrik A1 - Whelan, Robert A1 - Ripke, Stephan A1 - Schumann, Gunter A1 - Heinz, Andreas T1 - Epigenetic variance in dopamine D2 receptor BT - a marker of IQ malleability? T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Genetic and environmental factors both contribute to cognitive test performance. A substantial increase in average intelligence test results in the second half of the previous century within one generation is unlikely to be explained by genetic changes. One possible explanation for the strong malleability of cognitive performance measure is that environmental factors modify gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic factors may help to understand the recent observations of an association between dopamine-dependent encoding of reward prediction errors and cognitive capacity, which was modulated by adverse life events. The possible manifestation of malleable biomarkers contributing to variance in cognitive test performance, and thus possibly contributing to the "missing heritability" between estimates from twin studies and variance explained by genetic markers, is still unclear. Here we show in 1475 healthy adolescents from the IMaging and GENetics (IMAGEN) sample that general IQ (gIQ) is associated with (1) polygenic scores for intelligence, (2) epigenetic modification of DRD2 gene, (3) gray matter density in striatum, and (4) functional striatal activation elicited by temporarily surprising reward-predicting cues. Comparing the relative importance for the prediction of gIQ in an overlapping subsample, our results demonstrate neurobiological correlates of the malleability of gIQ and point to equal importance of genetic variance, epigenetic modification of DRD2 receptor gene, as well as functional striatal activation, known to influence dopamine neurotransmission. Peripheral epigenetic markers are in need of confirmation in the central nervous system and should be tested in longitudinal settings specifically assessing individual and environmental factors that modify epigenetic structure. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 950 KW - genome-wide association KW - reward anticipation KW - human intelligence KW - human brain KW - stress KW - metaanalysis KW - striatum KW - psychopathology KW - prediction KW - volume KW - epigenetics and behaviour KW - human behaviour KW - learning and memory Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-425687 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 950 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Erler, Alexander A1 - Riebe, Daniel A1 - Beitz, Toralf A1 - Löhmannsröben, Hans-Gerd A1 - Grothusheitkamp, Daniela A1 - Kunz, T. A1 - Methner, Frank-Jürgen T1 - Detection of volatile organic compounds in the headspace above mold fungi by GC-soft X-radiation-based APCI-MS JF - Journal of mass spectrometr N2 - Mold fungi on malting barley grains cause major economic loss in malting and brewery facilities. Possible proxies for their detection are volatile and semivolatile metabolites. Among those substances, characteristic marker compounds have to be identified for a confident detection of mold fungi in varying surroundings. The analytical determination is usually performed through passive sampling with solid phase microextraction, gas chromatographic separation, and detection by electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI-MS), which often does not allow a confident determination due to the absence of molecular ions. An alternative is GC-APCI-MS, generally, allowing the determination of protonated molecular ions. Commercial atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) sources are based on corona discharges, which are often unspecific due to the occurrence of several side reactions and produce complex product ion spectra. To overcome this issue, an APCI source based on soft X-radiation is used here. This source facilitates a more specific ionization by proton transfer reactions only. In the first part, the APCI source is characterized with representative volatile fungus metabolites. Depending on the proton affinity of the metabolites, the limits of detection are up to 2 orders of magnitude below those of EI-MS. In the second part, the volatile metabolites of the mold fungus species Aspergillus, Alternaria, Fusarium, and Penicillium are investigated. In total, 86 compounds were found with GC-EI/APCI-MS. The metabolites identified belong to the substance classes of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, substituted aromatic compounds, terpenes, and sesquiterpenes. In addition to substances unspecific for the individual fungus species, characteristic patterns of metabolites, allowing their confident discrimination, were found for each of the 4 fungus species. Sixty-seven of the 86 metabolites are detected by X-ray-based APCI-MS alone. The discrimination of the fungus species based on these metabolites alone was possible. Therefore, APCI-MS in combination with collision induced dissociation alone could be used as a supervision method for the detection of mold fungi. KW - APCI KW - gas chromatography KW - mass spectrometry KW - mold fungi KW - soft X-radiation KW - volatile organic compounds Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/jms.4210 SN - 1076-5174 SN - 1096-9888 VL - 53 IS - 10 SP - 911 EP - 920 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - GEN A1 - Weber, Stephanie A1 - Puta, Christian A1 - Lesinski, Melanie A1 - Gabriel, Brunhild A1 - Steidten, Thomas A1 - Bär, Karl-Jürgen A1 - Herbsleb, Marco A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Gabriel, Holger H. W. T1 - Symptoms of anxiety and depression in young athletes using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Elite young athletes have to cope with multiple psychological demands such as training volume, mental and physical fatigue, spatial separation of family and friends or time management problems may lead to reduced mental and physical recovery. While normative data regarding symptoms of anxiety and depression for the general population is available (Hinz and Brahler, 2011), hardly any information exists for adolescents in general and young athletes in particular. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess overall symptoms of anxiety and depression in young athletes as well as possible sex differences. The survey was carried out within the scope of the study "Resistance Training in Young Athletes" (KINGS-Study). Between August 2015 and September 2016, 326 young athletes aged (mean +/- SD) 14.3 +/- 1.6 years completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD Scale). Regarding the analysis of age on the anxiety and depression subscales, age groups were classified as follows: late childhood (12-14 years) and late adolescence (15-18 years). The participating young athletes were recruited from Olympic weight lifting, handball, judo, track and field athletics, boxing, soccer, gymnastics, ice speed skating, volleyball, and rowing. Anxiety and depression scores were (mean +/- SD) 4.3 +/- 3.0 and 2.8 +/- 2.9, respectively. In the subscale anxiety, 22 cases (6.7%) showed subclinical scores and 11 cases (3.4%) showed clinical relevant score values. When analyzing the depression subscale, 31 cases (9.5%) showed subclinical score values and 12 cases (3.7%) showed clinically important values. No significant differences were found between male and female athletes (p >= 0.05). No statistically significant differences in the HADS scores were found between male athletes of late childhood and late adolescents (p >= 0.05). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing questionnaire based indicators of symptoms of anxiety and depression in young athletes. Our data implies the need for sports medical as well as sports psychiatric support for young athletes. In addition, our results demonstrated that the chronological classification concerning age did not influence HAD Scale outcomes. Future research should focus on sports medical and sports psychiatric interventional approaches with the goal to prevent anxiety and depression as well as teaching coping strategies to young athletes. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 638 KW - youth athletes KW - anxiety KW - depression KW - gender differences KW - late childhood KW - adolescents Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-445602 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 638 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pérez Chaparro, Camilo Germán Alberto A1 - Zech, Philipp A1 - Schuch, Felipe A1 - Wolfarth, Bernd A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin A1 - Heiβel, Andreas T1 - Effects of aerobic and resistance exercise alone or combined on strength and hormone outcomes for people living with HIV BT - A meta-analysis T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background: Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects muscle mass, altering independent activities of people living with HIV (PLWH). Resistance training alone (RT) or combined with aerobic exercise (AE) is linked to improved muscle mass and strength maintenance in PLWH. These exercise benefits have been the focus of different meta-analyses, although only a limited number of studies have been identified up to the year 2013/4. An up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis concerning the effect of RT alone or combined with AE on strength parameters and hormones is of high value, since more and recent studies dealing with these types of exercise in PLWH have been published. Methods: Randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of RT alone, AE alone or the combination of both (AERT) on PLWH was performed through five web-databases up to December 2017. Risk of bias and study quality was attained using the PEDro scale. Weighted mean difference (WMD) from baseline to post-intervention changes was calculated. The I2 statistics for heterogeneity was calculated. Results: Thirteen studies reported strength outcomes. Eight studies presented a low risk of bias. The overall change in upper body strength was 19.3 Kg (95% CI: 9.8±28.8, p< 0.001) after AERT and 17.5 Kg (95% CI: 16±19.1, p< 0.001) for RT. Lower body change was 29.4 Kg (95% CI: 18.1±40.8, p< 0.001) after RT and 10.2 Kg (95% CI: 6.7±13.8, p< 0.001) for AERT. Changes were higher after controlling for the risk of bias in upper and lower body strength and for supervised exercise in lower body strength. A significant change towards lower levels of IL-6 was found (-2.4 ng/dl (95% CI: -2.6, -2.1, p< 0.001). Conclusion: Both resistance training alone and combined with aerobic exercise showed a positive change when studies with low risk of bias and professional supervision were analyzed, improving upper and, more critically, lower body muscle strength. Also, this study found that exercise had a lowering effect on IL-6 levels in PLWH. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 476 KW - Human-immunodeficiency-virus KW - Quality-of-life KW - Randomized controlled-trails KW - Infected patients KW - Muscle strength KW - Body-composition KW - Nandrolone decanoate KW - Cardiovascular risk KW - Style modification KW - Metabolic syndrome Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-419556 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 476 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Stelzel, Christine A1 - Bohle, Hannah A1 - Schauenburg, Gesche A1 - Walter, Henrik A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin A1 - Heinzel, Stephan T1 - Contribution of the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex to Cognitive-Postural Multitasking T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - There is evidence for cortical contribution to the regulation of human postural control. Interference from concurrently performed cognitive tasks supports this notion, and the lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC) has been suggested to play a prominent role in the processing of purely cognitive as well as cognitive-postural dual tasks. The degree of cognitive-motor interference varies greatly between individuals, but it is unresolved whether individual differences in the recruitment of specific lPFC regions during cognitive dual tasking are associated with individual differences in cognitive-motor interference. Here, we investigated inter-individual variability in a cognitive-postural multitasking situation in healthy young adults (n = 29) in order to relate these to inter-individual variability in lPFC recruitment during cognitive multitasking. For this purpose, a oneback working memory task was performed either as single task or as dual task in order to vary cognitive load. Participants performed these cognitive single and dual tasks either during upright stance on a balance pad that was placed on top of a force plate or during fMRI measurement with little to no postural demands. We hypothesized dual one-back task performance to be associated with lPFC recruitment when compared to single one-back task performance. In addition, we expected individual variability in lPFC recruitment to be associated with postural performance costs during concurrent dual one-back performance. As expected, behavioral performance costs in postural sway during dual-one back performance largely varied between individuals and so did lPFC recruitment during dual one-back performance. Most importantly, individuals who recruited the right mid-lPFC to a larger degree during dual one-back performance also showed greater postural sway as measured by larger performance costs in total center of pressure displacements. This effect was selective to the high-load dual one-back task and suggests a crucial role of the right lPFC in allocating resources during cognitivemotor interference. Our study provides further insight into the mechanisms underlying cognitive-motor multitasking and its impairments. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 489 KW - balance KW - dual task KW - fMRI KW - postural control KW - working memory Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-421140 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 489 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Puta, Christian A1 - Steidten, Thomas A1 - Baumbach, Philipp A1 - Wöhrl, Toni A1 - May, Rico A1 - Kellmann, Michael A1 - Herbsleb, Marco A1 - Gabriel, Brunhild A1 - Weber, Stephanie A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Gabriel, Holger H. W. T1 - Standardized assessment of resistance training BT - Induced subjective symptoms and objective signs of immunological stress responses in young athletes T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - From a health and performance-related perspective, it is crucial to evaluate subjective symptoms and objective signs of acute training-induced immunological responses in young athletes. The limited number of available studies focused on immunological adaptations following aerobic training. Hardly any studies have been conducted on resistance-training induced stress responses. Therefore, the aim of this observational study was to investigate subjective symptoms and objective signs of immunological stress responses following resistance training in young athletes. Fourteen (7 females and 7 males) track and field athletes with a mean age of 16.4 years and without any symptoms of upper or lower respiratory tract infections participated in this study. Over a period of 7 days, subjective symptoms using the Acute Recovery and Stress Scale (ARSS) and objective signs of immunological responses using capillary blood markers were taken each morning and after the last training session. Differences between morning and evening sessions and associations between subjective and objective parameters were analyzed using generalized estimating equations (GEE). In post hoc analyses, daily change-scores of the ARSS dimensions were compared between participants and revealed specific changes in objective capillary blood samples. In the GEE models, recovery (ARSS) was characterized by a significant decrease while stress (ARSS) showed a significant increase between morning and evening-training sessions. A concomitant increase in white blood cell count (WBC), granulocytes (GRAN) and percentage shares of granulocytes (GRAN%) was found between morning and evening sessions. Of note, percentage shares of lymphocytes (LYM%) showed a significant decrease. Furthermore, using multivariate regression analyses, we identified that recovery was significantly associated with LYM%, while stress was significantly associated with WBC and GRAN%. Post hoc analyses revealed significantly larger increases in participants’ stress dimensions who showed increases in GRAN%. For recovery, significantly larger decreases were found in participants with decreases in LYM% during recovery. More specifically, daily change-scores of the recovery and stress dimensions of the ARSS were associated with specific changes in objective immunological markers (GRAN%, LYM%) between morning and evening-training sessions. Our results indicate that changes of subjective symptoms of recovery and stress dimensions using the ARSS were associated with specific changes in objectively measured immunological markers. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 542 KW - immune system KW - strength training KW - track and field KW - youth KW - Acute Recovery and Stress Scale (ARSS) Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-426289 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 542 ER - TY - THES A1 - Paasche, Hendrik T1 - Addressing uncertainty in geophysical parameter estimation Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Walter, Judith A1 - Lück, Erika A1 - Bauriegel, Albrecht A1 - Facklam, Michael A1 - Zeitz, Jutta T1 - Seasonal dynamics of soil salinity in peatlands BT - a geophysical approach JF - Geoderma : an international journal of soil science N2 - Inland salt meadows are particularly valuable ecosystems, because they support a variety of salt-adapted species (halophytes). They can be found throughout Europe; including the peatlands of the glacial lowlands in northeast Germany. These German ecosystems have been seriously damaged through drainage. To assess and ultimately limit the damages, temporal monitoring of soil salinity is essential, which can be conducted by geoelectrical techniques that measure the soil electrical conductivity. However, there is limited knowledge on how to interpret electrical conductivity surveys of peaty salt meadows. In this study, temporal and spatial monitoring of dissolved salts was conducted in saline peatland soils using different geoelectrical techniques at different scales (1D: conductivity probe, 2D: conductivity cross-sections). Cores and soil samples were taken to validate the geoelectrical surveys. Although the influence of peat on bulk conductivity is large, the seasonal dynamics of dissolved salts within the soil profile could be monitored by repeated geoelectrical measurements. A close correlation is observed between conductivity (similar to salinity) at different depths and temperature, precipitation and corresponding groundwater level. The conductivity distribution between top- and subsoil during the growing season reflected the leaching of dissolved salts by precipitation and the capillary rise of dissolved salts by increasing temperature (similar to evaporation). Groundwater levels below 0.38 cm resulted in very low conductivities in the topsoil, which is presumably due to limited soil moisture and thus precipitation of salts. Therefore, to prevent the disappearance of dissolved salts from the rooting zone, which are essential for the halophytes, groundwater levels should be adjusted to maintain depths of between 20 and 35 cm. Lower groundwater levels will lead to the loss of dissolved salts from the rooting zone and higher levels to increasing dilution with fresh rainwater. The easy-to-handle conductivity probe is an appropriate tool for salinity monitoring. Using this probe with regressions adjusted for sandy and organic substrates (peat and organic gyttja) additional influences on bulk conductivity (e.g. cation exchange capacity, water content) can be compensated for and the correlation between salinity and electrical conductivity is high. KW - Peatlands KW - Inland salinization KW - Soil salinity dynamics KW - Electrical conductivity KW - Pore-fluid conductivity Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.08.022 SN - 0016-7061 SN - 1872-6259 VL - 310 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klose, Tim A1 - Guillemoteau, Julien A1 - Simon, Francois-Xavier A1 - Tronicke, Jens T1 - Toward subsurface magnetic permeability imaging with electromagnetic induction sensors BT - Sensitivity computation and reconstruction of measured data JF - Geophysics N2 - In near-surface geophysics, small portable loop-loop electro-magnetic induction (EMI) sensors using harmonic sources with a constant and rather small frequency are increasingly used to investigate the electrical properties of the subsurface. For such sensors, the influence of electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability on the EMI response is well-understood. Typically, data analysis focuses on reconstructing an electrical conductivity model by inverting the out-of-phase response. However, in a variety of near-surface applications, magnetic permeability (or susceptibility) models derived from the in-phase (IP) response may provide important additional information. In view of developing a fast 3D inversion procedure of the IP response for a dense grid of measurement points, we first analyze the 3D sensitivity functions associated with a homogeneous permeable half-space. Then, we compare synthetic data computed using a linear forward-modeling method based on these sensitivity functions with synthetic data computed using full nonlinear forward-modeling methods. The results indicate the correctness and applicability of our linear forward-modeling approach. Furthermore, we determine the advantages of converting IP data into apparent permeability, which, for example, allows us to extend the applicability of the linear forward-modeling method to high-magnetic environments. Finally, we compute synthetic data with the linear theory for a model consisting of a controlled magnetic target and compare the results with field data collected with a four-configuration loop-loop EMI sensor. With this field-scale experiment, we determine that our linear forward-modeling approach can reproduce measured data with sufficiently small error, and, thus, it represents the basis for developing efficient inversion approaches. KW - Electromagnetics KW - Imaging KW - Magnetic+Susceptibility KW - Near+Surface KW - Modeling Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1190/GEO2017-0827.1 SN - 0016-8033 SN - 1942-2156 VL - 83 IS - 5 SP - E335 EP - E345 PB - Society of Exploration Geophysicists CY - Tulsa ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tronicke, Jens A1 - Trauth, Martin H. T1 - Classroom-sized geophysical experiments BT - magnetic surveying using modern smartphone devices JF - European Journal of Physics N2 - Modern mobile devices (i.e. smartphones and tablet computers) are widespread, everyday tools, which are equipped with a variety of sensors including three-axis magnetometers. Here, we investigate the feasibility and the potential of using such mobile devices to mimic geophysical experiments in the classroom in a table-top setup. We focus on magnetic surveying and present a basic setup of a table-top experiment for collecting three-component magnetic data across well-defined source bodies and structures. Our results demonstrate that the quality of the recorded data is sufficient to address a number of important basic concepts in the magnetic method. The shown examples cover the analysis of magnetic data recorded across different kinds of dipole sources, thus illustrating the complexity of magnetic anomalies. In addition, we analyze the horizontal resolution capabilities using a pair of dipole sources placed at different horizontal distances to each other. Furthermore, we demonstrate that magnetic data recorded with a mobile device can even be used to introduce filtering, transformation, and inversion approaches as they are typically used when processing magnetic data sets recorded for real-world field applications. Thus, we conclude that such table-top experiments represent an easy-to-implement experimental procedure (as student exercise or classroom demonstration) and can provide first hands-on experience in the basic principles of magnetic surveying including the fundamentals of data acquisition, analysis and processing, as well as data evaluation and interpretation. KW - geophysics KW - magnetic surveying KW - table-top experiment Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/aaad5b SN - 0143-0807 SN - 1361-6404 VL - 39 IS - 3 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pérez Chaparro, Camilo Germán Alberto A1 - Zech, Philipp A1 - Schuch, Felipe A1 - Wolfarth, Bernd A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin A1 - Heiβel, Andreas T1 - Effects of aerobic and resistance exercise alone or combined on strength and hormone outcomes for people living with HIV BT - A meta-analysis JF - PLOS One N2 - Background: Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects muscle mass, altering independent activities of people living with HIV (PLWH). Resistance training alone (RT) or combined with aerobic exercise (AE) is linked to improved muscle mass and strength maintenance in PLWH. These exercise benefits have been the focus of different meta-analyses, although only a limited number of studies have been identified up to the year 2013/4. An up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis concerning the effect of RT alone or combined with AE on strength parameters and hormones is of high value, since more and recent studies dealing with these types of exercise in PLWH have been published. Methods: Randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of RT alone, AE alone or the combination of both (AERT) on PLWH was performed through five web-databases up to December 2017. Risk of bias and study quality was attained using the PEDro scale. Weighted mean difference (WMD) from baseline to post-intervention changes was calculated. The I2 statistics for heterogeneity was calculated. Results: Thirteen studies reported strength outcomes. Eight studies presented a low risk of bias. The overall change in upper body strength was 19.3 Kg (95% CI: 9.8±28.8, p< 0.001) after AERT and 17.5 Kg (95% CI: 16±19.1, p< 0.001) for RT. Lower body change was 29.4 Kg (95% CI: 18.1±40.8, p< 0.001) after RT and 10.2 Kg (95% CI: 6.7±13.8, p< 0.001) for AERT. Changes were higher after controlling for the risk of bias in upper and lower body strength and for supervised exercise in lower body strength. A significant change towards lower levels of IL-6 was found (-2.4 ng/dl (95% CI: -2.6, -2.1, p< 0.001). Conclusion: Both resistance training alone and combined with aerobic exercise showed a positive change when studies with low risk of bias and professional supervision were analyzed, improving upper and, more critically, lower body muscle strength. Also, this study found that exercise had a lowering effect on IL-6 levels in PLWH. KW - Human-immunodeficiency-virus KW - Quality-of-life KW - Randomized controlled-trails KW - Infected patients KW - Muscle strength KW - Body-composition KW - Nandrolone decanoate KW - Cardiovascular risk KW - Style modification KW - Metabolic syndrome Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203384 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 13 IS - 9 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - PLOS CY - San Francisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weber, Stephanie A1 - Puta, Christian A1 - Lesinski, Melanie A1 - Gabriel, Brunhild A1 - Steidten, Thomas A1 - Bär, Karl-Jürgen A1 - Herbsleb, Marco A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Gabriel, Holger H. W. T1 - Symptoms of anxiety and depression in young athletes using the hospital anxiety and depression scale JF - Frontiers in physiology N2 - Elite young athletes have to cope with multiple psychological demands such as training volume, mental and physical fatigue, spatial separation of family and friends or time management problems may lead to reduced mental and physical recovery. While normative data regarding symptoms of anxiety and depression for the general population is available (Hinz and Brahler, 2011), hardly any information exists for adolescents in general and young athletes in particular. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess overall symptoms of anxiety and depression in young athletes as well as possible sex differences. The survey was carried out within the scope of the study "Resistance Training in Young Athletes" (KINGS-Study). Between August 2015 and September 2016, 326 young athletes aged (mean +/- SD) 14.3 +/- 1.6 years completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD Scale). Regarding the analysis of age on the anxiety and depression subscales, age groups were classified as follows: late childhood (12-14 years) and late adolescence (15-18 years). The participating young athletes were recruited from Olympic weight lifting, handball, judo, track and field athletics, boxing, soccer, gymnastics, ice speed skating, volleyball, and rowing. Anxiety and depression scores were (mean +/- SD) 4.3 +/- 3.0 and 2.8 +/- 2.9, respectively. In the subscale anxiety, 22 cases (6.7%) showed subclinical scores and 11 cases (3.4%) showed clinical relevant score values. When analyzing the depression subscale, 31 cases (9.5%) showed subclinical score values and 12 cases (3.7%) showed clinically important values. No significant differences were found between male and female athletes (p >= 0.05). No statistically significant differences in the HADS scores were found between male athletes of late childhood and late adolescents (p >= 0.05). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing questionnaire based indicators of symptoms of anxiety and depression in young athletes. Our data implies the need for sports medical as well as sports psychiatric support for young athletes. In addition, our results demonstrated that the chronological classification concerning age did not influence HAD Scale outcomes. Future research should focus on sports medical and sports psychiatric interventional approaches with the goal to prevent anxiety and depression as well as teaching coping strategies to young athletes. KW - youth athletes KW - anxiety KW - depression KW - gender differences KW - late childhood KW - adolescents Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00182 SN - 1664-042X VL - 9 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hortobagyi, Tibor A1 - Uematsu, Azusa A1 - Sanders, Lianne A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Tollar, Jozsef A1 - Moraes, Renato A1 - Granacher, Urs T1 - Beam Walking to Assess Dynamic Balance in Health and Disease BT - a Protocol for the "BEAM" Multicenter Observational Study JF - Gerontology N2 - Background: Dynamic balance keeps the vertical projection of the center of mass within the base of support while walking. Dynamic balance tests are used to predict the risks of falls and eventual falls. The psychometric properties of most dynamic balance tests are unsatisfactory and do not comprise an actual loss of balance while walking. Objectives: Using beam walking distance as a measure of dynamic balance, the BEAM consortium will determine the psychometric properties, lifespan and patient reference values, the relationship with selected “dynamic balance tests,” and the accuracy of beam walking distance to predict falls. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study will examine healthy adults in 7 decades (n = 432) at 4 centers. Center 5 will examine patients (n = 100) diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and balance disorders. In test 1, all participants will be measured for demographics, medical history, muscle strength, gait, static balance, dynamic balance using beam walking under single (beam walking only) and dual task conditions (beam walking while concurrently performing an arithmetic task), and several cognitive functions. Patients and healthy participants age 50 years or older will be additionally measured for fear of falling, history of falls, miniBESTest, functional reach on a force platform, timed up and go, and reactive balance. All participants age 50 years or older will be recalled to report fear of falling and fall history 6 and 12 months after test 1. In test 2, seven to ten days after test 1, healthy young adults and age 50 years or older (n = 40) will be retested for reliability of beam walking performance. Conclusion: We expect to find that beam walking performance vis-à-vis the traditionally used balance outcomes predicts more accurately fall risks and falls. Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT03532984. KW - Aging KW - Gait KW - Balance KW - Dual tasks KW - Falls Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1159/000493360 SN - 0304-324X SN - 1423-0003 VL - 65 IS - 4 SP - 332 EP - 339 PB - Karger CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Puta, Christian A1 - Steidten, Thomas A1 - Baumbach, Philipp A1 - Woehrl, Toni A1 - May, Rico A1 - Kellmann, Michael A1 - Herbsleb, Marco A1 - Gabriel, Brunhild A1 - Weber, Stephanie A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Gabriel, Holger H. W. T1 - Standardized assessment of resistance training-Induced subjective symptoms and objective signs of immunological stress responses in young athletes JF - Frontiers in physiology N2 - From a health and performance-related perspective, it is crucial to evaluate subjective symptoms and objective signs of acute training-induced immunological responses in young athletes. The limited number of available studies focused on immunological adaptations following aerobic training. Hardly any studies have been conducted on resistance-training induced stress responses. Therefore, the aim of this observational study was to investigate subjective symptoms and objective signs of immunological stress responses following resistance training in young athletes. Fourteen (7 females and 7 males) track and field athletes with a mean age of 16.4 years and without any symptoms of upper or lower respiratory tract infections participated in this study. Over a period of 7 days, subjective symptoms using the Acute Recovery and Stress Scale (ARSS) and objective signs of immunological responses using capillary blood markers were taken each morning and after the last training session. Differences between morning and evening sessions and associations between subjective and objective parameters were analyzed using generalized estimating equations (GEE). In post hoc analyses, daily change-scores of the ARSS dimensions were compared between participants and revealed specific changes in objective capillary blood samples. In the GEE models, recovery (ARSS) was characterized by a significant decrease while stress (ARSS) showed a significant increase between morning and evening-training sessions. A concomitant increase in white blood cell count (WBC), granulocytes (GRAN) and percentage shares of granulocytes (GRAN%) was found between morning and evening sessions. Of note, percentage shares of lymphocytes (LYM%) showed a significant decrease. Furthermore, using multivariate regression analyses, we identified that recovery was significantly associated with LYM%, while stress was significantly associated with WBC and GRAN%. Post hoc analyses revealed significantly larger increases in participants' stress dimensions who showed increases in GRAN%. For recovery, significantly larger decreases were found in participants with decreases in LYM% during recovery. More specifically, daily change-scores of the recovery and stress dimensions of the ARSS were associated with specific changes in objective immunological markers (GRAN%, LYM%) between morning and evening-training sessions. Our results indicate that changes of subjective symptoms of recovery and stress dimensions using the ARSS were associated with specific changes in objectively measured immunological markers. KW - immune system KW - strength training KW - track and field KW - youth KW - Acute Recovery and Stress Scale (ARSS) Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00698 SN - 1664-042X VL - 9 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kallies, Gunnar A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin A1 - Fydrich, Thomas A1 - Fehm, Lydia A1 - Tschorn, Mira A1 - Teran, Christina A1 - Schwefel, Melanie A1 - Pietrek, Anou F. A1 - Henze, Romy A1 - Hellweg, Rainer A1 - Ströhle, Andreas A1 - Heinzel, Stephan A1 - Heissel, Andreas T1 - Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) at rest and after acute aerobic exercise in major depressive disorder JF - Psychoneuroendocrinology N2 - Physiological mechanisms of an anti-depressive effect of physical exercise in major depressive disorder (MDD) seem to involve alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level. However, previous studies which investigated this effect in a single bout of exercise, did not control for confounding peripheral factors that contribute to BDNF-alterations. Therefore, the underlying cause of exercise-induced BDNF-changes remains unclear. The current study aims to investigate serum BDNF (sBDNF)-changes due to a single-bout of graded aerobic exercise in a group of 30 outpatients with MDD, suggesting a more precise analysis method by taking plasma volume shift and number of platelets into account. Results show that exercise-induced increases in sBDNF remain significant (p<.001) when adjusting for plasma volume shift and controlling for number of platelets. The interaction of sBDNF change and number of platelets was also significant (p=.001) indicating larger sBDNF-increase in participants with smaller number of platelets. Thus, findings of this study suggest an involvement of peripheral as well as additional possibly brain-derived mechanisms explaining exercise-related BDNF release in MDD. For future studies in the field of exercise-related BDNF research, the importance of controlling for peripheral parameters is emphasized. KW - Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) KW - Platelets KW - Major depressive disorder KW - Physical exercise Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.12.015 SN - 0306-4530 VL - 102 SP - 212 EP - 215 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - GEN A1 - Garbusow, Maria A1 - Sommer, Christian A1 - Nebe, Stephan A1 - Sebold, Miriam Hannah A1 - Kuitunen-Paul, Sören A1 - Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich A1 - Smolka, Michael N. A1 - Zimmermann, Ulrich S. A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin A1 - Huys, Quentin J. M. A1 - Schlagenhauf, Florian A1 - Heinz, Andreas T1 - Multi-level evidence of general pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer in alcohol use disorder T2 - Alcoholism : clinical and experimental research ; the official journal of the American Medical Society on Alcoholism and the Research Society on Alcoholism Y1 - 2018 SN - 0145-6008 SN - 1530-0277 VL - 42 SP - 128A EP - 128A PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaminski, Jakob A. A1 - Schlagenhauf, Florian A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin A1 - Awasthi, Swapnil A1 - Ruggeri, Barbara A1 - Deserno, Lorenz A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias A1 - Bokde, Arun L. W. A1 - Bromberg, Uli A1 - Büchel, Christian A1 - Quinlan, Erin Burke A1 - Desrivieres, Sylvane A1 - Flor, Herta A1 - Frouin, Vincent A1 - Garavan, Hugh A1 - Gowland, Penny A1 - Ittermann, Bernd A1 - Martinot, Jean-Luc A1 - Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillere A1 - Nees, Frauke A1 - Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos A1 - Paus, Tomas A1 - Poustka, Luise A1 - Smolka, Michael N. A1 - Fröhner, Juliane H. A1 - Walter, Henrik A1 - Whelan, Robert A1 - Ripke, Stephan A1 - Schumann, Gunter A1 - Heinz, Andreas T1 - Epigenetic variance in dopamine D2 receptor BT - a marker of IQ malleability? JF - Translational Psychiatry N2 - Genetic and environmental factors both contribute to cognitive test performance. A substantial increase in average intelligence test results in the second half of the previous century within one generation is unlikely to be explained by genetic changes. One possible explanation for the strong malleability of cognitive performance measure is that environmental factors modify gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic factors may help to understand the recent observations of an association between dopamine-dependent encoding of reward prediction errors and cognitive capacity, which was modulated by adverse life events. The possible manifestation of malleable biomarkers contributing to variance in cognitive test performance, and thus possibly contributing to the "missing heritability" between estimates from twin studies and variance explained by genetic markers, is still unclear. Here we show in 1475 healthy adolescents from the IMaging and GENetics (IMAGEN) sample that general IQ (gIQ) is associated with (1) polygenic scores for intelligence, (2) epigenetic modification of DRD2 gene, (3) gray matter density in striatum, and (4) functional striatal activation elicited by temporarily surprising reward-predicting cues. Comparing the relative importance for the prediction of gIQ in an overlapping subsample, our results demonstrate neurobiological correlates of the malleability of gIQ and point to equal importance of genetic variance, epigenetic modification of DRD2 receptor gene, as well as functional striatal activation, known to influence dopamine neurotransmission. Peripheral epigenetic markers are in need of confirmation in the central nervous system and should be tested in longitudinal settings specifically assessing individual and environmental factors that modify epigenetic structure. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-018-0222-7 SN - 2158-3188 VL - 8 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - New York ER - TY - GEN A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Puta, Christian A1 - Gabriel, Holger H. W. A1 - Behm, David George A1 - Arampatzis, Adamantios T1 - Neuromuscular Training and Adaptations in Youth Athletes T2 - Frontiers in physiology KW - strength training KW - plyometric training KW - physical fitness KW - injury prevention KW - athletic performance Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01264 SN - 1664-042X VL - 9 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - THES A1 - Drosselmeyer, Julia T1 - Inzidenz und Therapie der Depression bei Patienten mit Osteoporose und Rheumatoider Arthritis Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heissel, Andreas A1 - Pietrek, Anou F. A1 - Flunger, Barbara A1 - Fydrich, Thomas A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin A1 - Heinzel, Stephan A1 - Vansteenkiste, Maarten T1 - The Validation of the German Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale in the Context of Mental Health JF - European Journal of Health Psychology N2 - The primary aim of the current study was to examine the unique contribution of psychological need frustration and need satisfaction in the prediction of adults’ mental well-being and ill-being in a heterogeneous sample of adults (N = 334; Mage = 43.33, SD = 32.26; 53% females). Prior to this, validity evidence was provided for the German version of the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS) based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT). The results of the validation analyses found the German BPNSFS to be a valid and reliable measurement. Further, structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that both need satisfaction and frustration yielded unique and opposing associations with well-being. Specifically, the dimension of psychological need frustration predicted adults’ ill-being. Future research should examine whether frustration of psychological needs is involved in the onset and maintenance of psychopathology (e.g., major depressive disorder). KW - basic psychological need frustration KW - need satisfaction KW - mental health KW - well-being KW - depression Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1027/2512-8442/a000017 SN - 2512-8442 SN - 2512-8450 VL - 25 IS - 4 SP - 119 EP - 132 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reinauer, Christina A1 - Viermann, Rabea A1 - Foertsch, Katharina A1 - Linderskamp, Hannah A1 - Warschburger, Petra A1 - Holl, Reinhard A1 - Staab, Doris A1 - Minden, Kirsten A1 - Muche, Rainer A1 - Domhardt, Matthias A1 - Baumeister, Harald A1 - Meissner, Thomas T1 - Motivational Interviewing as a tool to enhance access to mental health treatment in adolescents with chronic medical conditions and need for psychological support (COACH-MI) BT - study protocol for a clusterrandomised controlled trial JF - Trials N2 - Background This cluster-randomised monocentric controlled trial focuses on improving the uptake symptoms of mental health care in adolescents with chronic medical conditions who have been identified by screening to have depression or anxiety. The study aims to determine the efficacy of motivational interviewing (MI) delivered by trained physicians to increase 12- to 20-year-old adolescents’ utilisation of psychological health care for symptoms of anxiety or depression. Methods/design In this single-centre approach, n = 1,000 adolescents will be screened (using PHQ-9 and GAD-7), and adolescents with results indicative of anxiety or depressive symptoms (n = 162) will be advised to seek psychological health care in clusters from treating physicians in specialised outpatient departments. Participants who screen positive will receive either two sessions of MI or treatment as usual (TAU; regarded as the typical daily clinical practice), which is focused on recommending them to seek psychological health care for further evaluation. MI efficacy will be compared to the current TAU as the control condition. The primary outcome is the utilisation rate of psychological health care after counselling by an MI-trained physician vs. an untrained physician. Additionally, reasons for not claiming psychological support and changes in disease-related parameters will be evaluated in a 6-month follow-up session. Discussion This trial will evaluate the feasibility of MI as a way to improve the utilisation of mental health-care services by adolescents who need further support other than that provided by standard care for chronic diseases. Physicians offering MI to adolescents may serve as a model for optimising health-care management in daily clinical practice, which may improve adolescents’ long-term well-being by improving adherence to medical treatment and preventing negative lifelong consequences into adulthood. KW - Adolescents KW - adherence to medical treatment KW - anxiety KW - chronic condition KW - depression KW - motivational interviewing Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-018-2997-5 SN - 1745-6215 VL - 19 PB - BMC CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhou, Wei A1 - Wang, Aiping A1 - Shu, Hua A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Yan, Ming T1 - Word segmentation by alternating colors facilitates eye guidance in Chinese reading JF - Memory & cognition N2 - During sentence reading, low spatial frequency information afforded by spaces between words is the primary factor for eye guidance in spaced writing systems, whereas saccade generation for unspaced writing systems is less clear and under debate. In the present study, we investigated whether word-boundary information, provided by alternating colors (consistent or inconsistent with word-boundary information) influences saccade-target selection in Chinese. In Experiment 1, as compared to a baseline (i.e., uniform color) condition, word segmentation with alternating color shifted fixation location towards the center of words. In contrast, incorrect word segmentation shifted fixation location towards the beginning of words. In Experiment 2, we used a gaze-contingent paradigm to restrict the color manipulation only to the upcoming parafoveal words and replicated the results, including fixation location effects, as observed in Experiment 1. These results indicate that Chinese readers are capable of making use of parafoveal word-boundary knowledge for saccade generation, even if such information is unfamiliar to them. The present study provides novel support for the hypothesis that word segmentation is involved in the decision about where to fixate next during Chinese reading. KW - Chinese KW - Word segmentation KW - Fixation location KW - Parafoveal KW - Color Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-018-0797-5 SN - 0090-502X SN - 1532-5946 VL - 46 IS - 5 SP - 729 EP - 740 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - GEN A1 - Liu, S. A1 - Kuschpel, M. S. A1 - Schad, Daniel A1 - Heinzel, Stephan A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin A1 - Heinz, A. T1 - Effects of rest on learning processes T2 - European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.12.099 SN - 0924-977X SN - 1873-7862 VL - 28 SP - S67 EP - S68 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nienaber, André A1 - Heinz, Andreas A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin A1 - Bermpohl, F. A1 - Schulz, M. A1 - Behrens, J. A1 - Löhr, M. T1 - Einfluss der Personalbesetzung auf Konflikte auf psychiatrischen Stationen T1 - Influence of staffing levels on conflicts in inpatient psychiatric care JF - Der Nervenarzt : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Nervenheilkunde ; Mitteilungsblatt der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurologie N2 - Psychiatrische Stationen sind ein wichtiges Element in der psychiatrischen Versorgung von Menschen mit akuter Eigen- oder Fremdgefährdung. Leider kommt es in diesem Rahmen immer wieder auch zu Aggression, Gewalt (Konflikten) sowie zur Anwendung von Zwang (Eindämmung). Als entscheidender Faktor für den sachgemäßen Umgang mit diesen Situationen wird sowohl die Quantität als auch die Qualität der Mitarbeitenden angesehen. Vor diesem Hintergrund beschäftigt sich die vorliegende Untersuchung mit der Versorgungssituation auf akutpsychiatrischen Stationen. Die Hypothese lautet, dass sowohl die Größe der akutpsychiatrischen Station als auch die Anzahl der Pflegenden einen Einfluss auf das Vorkommen konflikthafter Situationen haben. Hierfür sind Daten in 6 Kliniken auf insgesamt 12 psychiatrischen Stationen erfasst worden. Als Erfassungsinstrument diente die Patient Staff Conflict Checklist – Shift Report (PCC-SR). Insgesamt konnten 2026 Schichten (Früh‑, Spät- und Nachtschicht) erfasst und ausgewertet werden. Die personelle Besetzung der Stationen mit Pflegepersonal variierte erheblich. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sowohl die Stationsgröße als auch die Anzahl der Pflegepersonen auf akutpsychiatrischen Stationen einen signifikanten Einfluss auf das Vorkommen von Konflikten haben. In den Ergebnissen zeigt sich weiterhin, dass sich die Inzidenz des konflikthaften Verhaltens von Patienten sowohl im Hinblick auf die untersuchten Stationen der beteiligten Krankenhäuser als auch im Hinblick auf die betrachteten Dienstzeittypen unterscheiden. Darüber hinaus zeigt sich, dass das Ausmaß der Schließung einer Akutstation und die Größe einer Station einen negativen Einfluss auf die Inzidenz von Konflikten im stationär akutpsychiatrischen Kontext haben. Das Auftreten konflikthaften Verhaltens kann zur Fremd- oder Selbstgefährdung und zu einer Vielzahl deeskalierender und eindämmender Maßnahmen führen. Hierfür sind entsprechende personelle Ressourcen erforderlich. N2 - Acute psychiatric wards are an important element in the mental healthcare of people at risk for acute harm to others or self-harm. Unfortunately, aggression, violence (conflict) and the use of coercion (containment) are still part of psychiatric care. The decisive factor for the correct handling of these situations is the quantity as well as the quality of the employees. Therefore, the present study dealt with the care situation on acute psychiatric wards. The hypothesis is that both the number of beds on the acute psychiatric ward and the number of caregivers have an impact on the occurrence of conflict and containment. For this purpose, data were collected in 6 clinics on a total of 12 acute psychiatric wards. The Patient Staff Conflict Checklist - Shift Report (PCC-SR) was used as the data entry tool. A total of 2026 shifts (early, late and night shifts) were recorded and evaluated. The staffing of the wards with nursing personnel varied considerably. The results show that both the size of the ward and also the number of caregivers on acute psychiatric wards have a significant impact on the occurrence of conflicts. The results also show that the incidence of conflicting behavior of patients differs both in terms of the wards of the hospitals involved and in the type of service considered. In addition, it can be seen that the extent of closure of an acute ward (i.aEuroe. the closed ward or entrance door) and the size of a ward (i.aEuroe. the number of beds) have a negative impact on the incidence of inpatient acute psychiatric contexts. The occurrence of conflict behavior can lead to alien or self-endangerment and to a variety of de-escalating and containment measures. This requires appropriate human resources. KW - Inpatient psychiatric care KW - Danger to others KW - Coercion KW - Ward size KW - Personnel resources Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-018-0521-5 SN - 0028-2804 SN - 1433-0407 VL - 89 IS - 7 SP - 821 EP - 827 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gellert, Paul A1 - Häusler, Andreas A1 - Suhr, Ralf A1 - Gholami, Maryam A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin A1 - Kuhlmey, Adelheid A1 - Nordheim, Johanna T1 - Testing the stress-buffering hypothesis of social support in couples coping with early-stage dementia JF - PLoS one N2 - Purpose: To test whether the negative relationship between perceived stress and quality of life (Hypothesis 1) can be buffered by perceived social support in patients with dementia as well as in caregivers individually (Hypothesis 2: actor effects) and across partners (Hypothesis 3: partner effects and actor-partner effects). Method: A total of 108 couples (N = 216 individuals) comprised of one individual with early-stage dementia and one caregiving partner were assessed at baseline and one month apart. Moderation effects were investigated by applying linear mixed models and actor-partner interdependence models. Results: Although the stress-quality of life association was more pronounced in caregivers (beta = -.63, p<.001) compared to patients (beta= -.31, p<.001), this association was equally moderated by social support in patients (beta = .14, p<.05) and in the caregivers (beta =.13, p<.05). From one partner to his or her counterpart, the partner buffering and actor-partner-buffering effect were not present. Conclusion: The stress-buffering effect has been replicated in individuals with dementia and caregivers but not across partners. Interventions to improve quality of life through perceived social support should not only focus on caregivers, but should incorporate both partners. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189849 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 13 IS - 1 PB - PLoS CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Nan A1 - Wang, Suiping A1 - Mo, Luxi A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - Contextual constraint and preview time modulate the semantic preview effect BT - evidence from Chinese sentence reading JF - The quarterly journal of experimental psychology N2 - Word recognition in sentence reading is influenced by information from both preview and context. Recently, semantic preview effect (SPE) was observed being modulated by the constraint of context, indicating that context might accelerate the processing of semantically related preview words. Besides, SPE was found to depend on preview time, which suggests that SPE may change with different processing stages of preview words. Therefore, it raises the question of whether preview time-dependent SPE would be modulated by contextual constraint. In this study, we not only investigated the impact of contextual constraint on SPE in Chinese reading but also examined its dependency on preview time. The preview word and the target word were identical, semantically related or unrelated to the target word. The results showed a significant three-way interaction: The SPE depended on contextual constraint and preview time. In separate analyses for low and high contextual constraint of target words, the SPE significantly decreased with an increase in preview duration when the target word was of low constraint in the sentence. The effect was numerically in the same direction but weaker and statistically nonsignificant when the target word was highly constrained in the sentence. The results indicate that word processing in sentences is a dynamic process of integrating information from both preview (bottom-up) and context (top-down). KW - Semantic preview benefit KW - contextual constraint KW - word process KW - reading Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2017.1310914 SN - 1747-0218 SN - 1747-0226 VL - 71 IS - 1 SP - 241 EP - 249 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Basler, Georg A1 - Fernie, Alisdair R. A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran T1 - Advances in metabolic flux analysis toward genome-scale profiling of higher organisms JF - Bioscience reports : communications and reviews in molecular and cellular biology N2 - Methodological and technological advances have recently paved the way for metabolic flux profiling in higher organisms, like plants. However, in comparison with omics technologies, flux profiling has yet to provide comprehensive differential flux maps at a genome-scale and in different cell types, tissues, and organs. Here we highlight the recent advances in technologies to gather metabolic labeling patterns and flux profiling approaches. We provide an opinion of how recent local flux profiling approaches can be used in conjunction with the constraint-based modeling framework to arrive at genome-scale flux maps. In addition, we point at approaches which use metabolomics data without introduction of label to predict either non-steady state fluxes in a time-series experiment or flux changes in different experimental scenarios. The combination of these developments allows an experimentally feasible approach for flux-based large-scale systems biology studies. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20170224 SN - 0144-8463 SN - 1573-4935 VL - 38 PB - Portland Press (London) CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Durgud, Meriem A1 - Gupta, Saurabh A1 - Ivanov, Ivan A1 - Omidbakhshfard, Mohammad Amin A1 - Benina, Maria A1 - Alseekh, Saleh A1 - Staykov, Nikola A1 - Hauenstein, Mareike A1 - Dijkwel, Paul P. A1 - Hortensteiner, Stefan A1 - Toneva, Valentina A1 - Brotman, Yariv A1 - Fernie, Alisdair R. A1 - Müller-Röber, Bernd A1 - Gechev, Tsanko S. T1 - Molecular mechanisms preventing senescence in response to prolonged darkness in a desiccation-tolerant plant T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The desiccation-tolerant plant Haberlea rhodopensis can withstand months of darkness without any visible senescence. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of this adaptation to prolonged (30 d) darkness and subsequent return to light. H. rhodopensis plants remained green and viable throughout the dark treatment. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that darkness regulated several transcription factor (TF) genes. Stress-and autophagy-related TFs such as ERF8, HSFA2b, RD26, TGA1, and WRKY33 were up-regulated, while chloroplast-and flowering-related TFs such as ATH1, COL2, COL4, RL1, and PTAC7 were repressed. PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR4, a negative regulator of photomorphogenesis and promoter of senescence, also was down-regulated. In response to darkness, most of the photosynthesis-and photorespiratory-related genes were strongly down-regulated, while genes related to autophagy were up-regulated. This occurred concomitant with the induction of SUCROSE NON-FERMENTING1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASES (SnRK1) signaling pathway genes, which regulate responses to stress-induced starvation and autophagy. Most of the genes associated with chlorophyll catabolism, which are induced by darkness in dark-senescing species, were either unregulated (PHEOPHORBIDE A OXYGENASE, PAO; RED CHLOROPHYLL CATABOLITE REDUCTASE, RCCR) or repressed (STAY GREEN-LIKE, PHEOPHYTINASE, and NON-YELLOW COLORING1). Metabolite profiling revealed increases in the levels of many amino acids in darkness, suggesting increased protein degradation. In darkness, levels of the chloroplastic lipids digalactosyldiacylglycerol, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol decreased, while those of storage triacylglycerols increased, suggesting degradation of chloroplast membrane lipids and their conversion to triacylglycerols for use as energy and carbon sources. Collectively, these data show a coordinated response to darkness, including repression of photosynthetic, photorespiratory, flowering, and chlorophyll catabolic genes, induction of autophagy and SnRK1 pathways, and metabolic reconfigurations that enable survival under prolonged darkness. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 778 KW - beta-oxidation KW - craterostigma-plantagineum KW - photosynthetic apparatus KW - transcription factors KW - lipid-metabolism KW - leaf senescence KW - fatty-acid KW - arabidopsis KW - chlorophyll KW - stress Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437588 IS - 778 SP - 1319 EP - 1338 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ma, Xuemin A1 - Zhang, Youjun A1 - Turečková, Veronika A1 - Xue, Gang-Ping A1 - Fernie, Alisdair R. A1 - Müller-Röber, Bernd A1 - Balazadeh, Salma T1 - The NAC transcription factor SlNAP2 regulates leaf senescence and fruit yield in tomato T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Leaf senescence is an essential physiological process in plants that supports the recycling of nitrogen and other nutrients to support the growth of developing organs, including young leaves, seeds, and fruits. Thus, the regulation of senescence is crucial for evolutionary success in wild populations and for increasing yield in crops. Here, we describe the influence of a NAC transcription factor, SlNAP2 (Solanum lycopersicum NAC-like, activated by Apetala3/Pistillata), that controls both leaf senescence and fruit yield in tomato (S. lycopersicum). SlNAP2 expression increases during age-dependent and dark-induced leaf senescence. We demonstrate that SlNAP2 activates SlSAG113 (S. lycopersicum SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED GENE113), a homolog of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SAG113, chlorophyll degradation genes such as SlSGR1 (S. lycopersicum senescence-inducible chloroplast stay-green protein 1) and SlPAO (S. lycopersicum pheide a oxygenase), and other downstream targets by directly binding to their promoters, thereby promoting leaf senescence. Furthermore, SlNAP2 directly controls the expression of genes important for abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, S. lycopersicum 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 1 (SlNCED1); transport, S. lycopersicum ABC transporter G family member 40 (SlABCG40); and degradation, S. lycopersicum ABA 8'-hydroxylase (SlCYP707A2), indicating that SlNAP2 has a complex role in establishing ABA homeostasis during leaf senescence. Inhibiting SlNAP2 expression in transgenic tomato plants impedes leaf senescence but enhances fruit yield and sugar content likely due to prolonged leaf photosynthesis in aging tomato plants. Our data indicate that SlNAP2 has a central role in controlling leaf senescence and fruit yield in tomato. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 787 KW - abscisic-acid KW - arabidopsis-thaliana KW - chlorophyll degradation KW - aba biosynthesis KW - oryza-sativa KW - rice leaves KW - genes KW - expression KW - metabolism KW - protein Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437643 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 787 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Watanabe, Mutsumi A1 - Tohge, Takayuki A1 - Balazadeh, Salma A1 - Erban, Alexander A1 - Giavalisco, Patrick A1 - Kopka, Joachim A1 - Mueller-Roeber, Bernd A1 - Fernie, Alisdair R. A1 - Hoefgen, Rainer T1 - Comprehensive Metabolomics Studies of Plant Developmental Senescence JF - Plant Senescence: Methods and Protocols N2 - Leaf senescence is an essential developmental process that involves diverse metabolic changes associated with degradation of macromolecules allowing nutrient recycling and remobilization. In contrast to the significant progress in transcriptomic analysis of leaf senescence, metabolomics analyses have been relatively limited. A broad overview of metabolic changes during leaf senescence including the interactions between various metabolic pathways is required to gain a better understanding of the leaf senescence allowing to link transcriptomics with metabolomics and physiology. In this chapter, we describe how to obtain comprehensive metabolite profiles and how to dissect metabolic shifts during leaf senescence in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Unlike nucleic acid analysis for transcriptomics, a comprehensive metabolite profile can only be achieved by combining a suite of analytic tools. Here, information is provided for measurements of the contents of chlorophyll, soluble proteins, and starch by spectrophotometric methods, ions by ion chromatography, thiols and amino acids by HPLC, primary metabolites by GC/TOF-MS, and secondary metabolites and lipophilic metabolites by LC/ESI-MS. These metabolite profiles provide a rich catalogue of metabolic changes during leaf senescence, which is a helpful database and blueprint to be correlated to future studies such as transcriptome and proteome analyses, forward and reverse genetic studies, or stress-induced senescence studies. KW - Senescence KW - Metabolomics KW - Arabidopsis KW - GC/MS KW - LC/MS KW - HPLC KW - IC Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-1-4939-7672-0 SN - 978-1-4939-7670-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7672-0_28 SN - 1064-3745 SN - 1940-6029 VL - 1744 SP - 339 EP - 358 PB - Humana Press CY - Totowa ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rodriguez Cubillos, Andres Eduardo A1 - Tong, Hao A1 - Alseekh, Saleh A1 - de Abreu e Lima, Francisco Anastacio A1 - Yu, Jing A1 - Fernie, Alisdair R. A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran A1 - Laitinen, Roosa A. E. T1 - Inheritance patterns in metabolism and growth in diallel crosses of Arabidopsis thaliana from a single growth habitat JF - Heredity N2 - Metabolism is a key determinant of plant growth and modulates plant adaptive responses. Increased metabolic variation due to heterozygosity may be beneficial for highly homozygous plants if their progeny is to respond to sudden changes in the habitat. Here, we investigate the extent to which heterozygosity contributes to the variation in metabolism and size of hybrids of Arabidopsis thaliana whose parents are from a single growth habitat. We created full diallel crosses among seven parents, originating from Southern Germany, and analysed the inheritance patterns in primary and secondary metabolism as well as in rosette size in situ. In comparison to primary metabolites, compounds from secondary metabolism were more variable and showed more pronounced non-additive inheritance patterns which could be attributed to epistasis. In addition, we showed that glucosinolates, among other secondary metabolites, were positively correlated with a proxy for plant size. Therefore, our study demonstrates that heterozygosity in local A. thaliana population generates metabolic variation and may impact several tasks directly linked to metabolism. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41437-017-0030-5 SN - 0018-067X SN - 1365-2540 VL - 120 IS - 5 SP - 463 EP - 473 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Durgud, Meriem A1 - Gupta, Saurabh A1 - Ivanov, Ivan A1 - Omidbakhshfard, Mohammad Amin A1 - Benina, Maria A1 - Alseekh, Saleh A1 - Staykov, Nikola A1 - Hauenstein, Mareike A1 - Dijkwel, Paul P. A1 - Hortensteiner, Stefan A1 - Toneva, Valentina A1 - Brotman, Yariv A1 - Fernie, Alisdair R. A1 - Müller-Röber, Bernd A1 - Gechev, Tsanko S. T1 - Molecular Mechanisms Preventing Senescence in Response to Prolonged Darkness in a Desiccation-Tolerant Plant JF - Plant physiology : an international journal devoted to physiology, biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, biophysics and environmental biology of plants N2 - The desiccation-tolerant plant Haberlea rhodopensis can withstand months of darkness without any visible senescence. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of this adaptation to prolonged (30 d) darkness and subsequent return to light. H. rhodopensis plants remained green and viable throughout the dark treatment. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that darkness regulated several transcription factor (TF) genes. Stress-and autophagy-related TFs such as ERF8, HSFA2b, RD26, TGA1, and WRKY33 were up-regulated, while chloroplast-and flowering-related TFs such as ATH1, COL2, COL4, RL1, and PTAC7 were repressed. PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR4, a negative regulator of photomorphogenesis and promoter of senescence, also was down-regulated. In response to darkness, most of the photosynthesis-and photorespiratory-related genes were strongly down-regulated, while genes related to autophagy were up-regulated. This occurred concomitant with the induction of SUCROSE NON-FERMENTING1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASES (SnRK1) signaling pathway genes, which regulate responses to stress-induced starvation and autophagy. Most of the genes associated with chlorophyll catabolism, which are induced by darkness in dark-senescing species, were either unregulated (PHEOPHORBIDE A OXYGENASE, PAO; RED CHLOROPHYLL CATABOLITE REDUCTASE, RCCR) or repressed (STAY GREEN-LIKE, PHEOPHYTINASE, and NON-YELLOW COLORING1). Metabolite profiling revealed increases in the levels of many amino acids in darkness, suggesting increased protein degradation. In darkness, levels of the chloroplastic lipids digalactosyldiacylglycerol, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol decreased, while those of storage triacylglycerols increased, suggesting degradation of chloroplast membrane lipids and their conversion to triacylglycerols for use as energy and carbon sources. Collectively, these data show a coordinated response to darkness, including repression of photosynthetic, photorespiratory, flowering, and chlorophyll catabolic genes, induction of autophagy and SnRK1 pathways, and metabolic reconfigurations that enable survival under prolonged darkness. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.18.00055 SN - 0032-0889 SN - 1532-2548 VL - 177 IS - 3 SP - 1319 EP - 1338 PB - American Society of Plant Physiologists CY - Rockville ER - TY - THES A1 - Schwahn, Kevin T1 - Data driven approaches to infer the regulatory mechanism shaping and constraining levels of metabolites in metabolic networks T1 - Entwicklung von datengestützten Verfahren, um regulatorischen Mechanismen zu untersuchen, die die Metabolitmengen in Stoffwechselnetzwerken beeinflussen N2 - Systems biology aims at investigating biological systems in its entirety by gathering and analyzing large-scale data sets about the underlying components. Computational systems biology approaches use these large-scale data sets to create models at different scales and cellular levels. In addition, it is concerned with generating and testing hypotheses about biological processes. However, such approaches are inevitably leading to computational challenges due to the high dimensionality of the data and the differences in the dimension of data from different cellular layers. This thesis focuses on the investigation and development of computational approaches to analyze metabolite profiles in the context of cellular networks. This leads to determining what aspects of the network functionality are reflected in the metabolite levels. With these methods at hand, this thesis aims to answer three questions: (1) how observability of biological systems is manifested in metabolite profiles and if it can be used for phenotypical comparisons; (2) how to identify couplings of reaction rates from metabolic profiles alone; and (3) which regulatory mechanism that affect metabolite levels can be distinguished by integrating transcriptomics and metabolomics read-outs. I showed that sensor metabolites, identified by an approach from observability theory, are more correlated to each other than non-sensors. The greater correlations between sensor metabolites were detected both with publicly available metabolite profiles and synthetic data simulated from a medium-scale kinetic model. I demonstrated through robustness analysis that correlation was due to the position of the sensor metabolites in the network and persisted irrespectively of the experimental conditions. Sensor metabolites are therefore potential candidates for phenotypical comparisons between conditions through targeted metabolic analysis. Furthermore, I demonstrated that the coupling of metabolic reaction rates can be investigated from a purely data-driven perspective, assuming that metabolic reactions can be described by mass action kinetics. Employing metabolite profiles from domesticated and wild wheat and tomato species, I showed that the process of domestication is associated with a loss of regulatory control on the level of reaction rate coupling. I also found that the same metabolic pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana and Escherichia coli exhibit differences in the number of reaction rate couplings. I designed a novel method for the identification and categorization of transcriptional effects on metabolism by combining data on gene expression and metabolite levels. The approach determines the partial correlation of metabolites with control by the principal components of the transcript levels. The principle components contain the majority of the transcriptomic information allowing to partial out the effect of the transcriptional layer from the metabolite profiles. Depending whether the correlation between metabolites persists upon controlling for the effect of the transcriptional layer, the approach allows us to group metabolite pairs into being associated due to post-transcriptional or transcriptional regulation, respectively. I showed that the classification of metabolite pairs into those that are associated due to transcriptional or post-transcriptional regulation are in agreement with existing literature and findings from a Bayesian inference approach. The approaches developed, implemented, and investigated in this thesis open novel ways to jointly study metabolomics and transcriptomics data as well as to place metabolic profiles in the network context. The results from these approaches have the potential to provide further insights into the regulatory machinery in a biological system. N2 - Die System Biologie ist auf die Auswertung biologischer Systeme in ihrer Gesamtheit gerichtet. Dies geschieht durch das Sammeln und analysieren von großen Datensätzen der zugrundeliegenden Komponenten der Systeme. Computergestützte systembiologische Ansätze verwenden diese großen Datensätze, um Modelle zu erstellen und Hypothesen über biologische Prozesse auf verschiedenen zellularen Ebenen zu testen. Diese Ansätze führen jedoch unweigerlich zu rechnerischen Herausforderungen, da die Daten über eine hohe Dimensionalität verfügen. Des Weiteren weisen Daten, die von verschiedenen zellulären Ebenen gewonnen werden, unterschiedliche Dimensionen auf. Diese Doktorarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Untersuchung und Entwicklung von rechnergestützten Ansätzen, um Metabolit-Profile im Zusammenhang von zellulären Netzwerken zu analysieren und um zu bestimmen, welche Aspekte der Netzwerkfunktionalität sich in den Metabolit-Messungen widerspiegeln. Die Zielsetzung dieser Arbeit ist es, die folgenden Fragen, unter Berücksichtigung der genannten Methoden, zu beantworten: (1) Wie ist die Beobachtbarkeit von biologischen Systemen in Metabolit-Profilen manifestiert und sind diese für phänotypische Vergleiche verwendbar? (2) Wie lässt sich die Kopplung von Reaktionsraten ausschließlich durch Metabolit-Profile identifizieren? (3) Welche regulatorischen Mechanismen, die Metabolit-Niveaus beeinflussen, sind unterscheidbar, wenn transkriptomische und metabolische Daten kombiniert werden? Ich konnte darlegen, dass Sensormetabolite, die durch eine Methode „observability theory“ identifiziert wurden, stärker korrelieren als Nicht-Sensoren. Die stärkere Korrelation zwischen Sensormetaboliten konnte mit öffentlich zugänglichen Daten, als auch mit synthetischen Daten aus einer Simulation mit einem mittelgroßen kinetischen Modell gezeigt werden. Durch eine Robustheitsanalyse war es mir möglich zu demonstrieren, dass die Korrelation auf die Position der Sensormetabolite im Netzwerk zurückzuführen und unabhängig von den experimentellen Bedingungen ist. Sensormetabolite sind daher geeignete Kandidaten für phänotypische Vergleiche zwischen verschiedenen Bedingungen durch gezielte metabolische Analysen. Des Weiteren ergaben meine Untersuchungen, dass die Auswertung der Kopplung von Stoffwechselreaktionsraten von einer ausschließlich datengestützten Perspektive möglich ist. Dabei muss die Annahme getroffen werden, dass Stoffwechselreaktionen mit dem Massenwirkungsgesetz beschreibbar sind. Ich konnte zeigen, dass der Züchtungsprozess mit einem Verlust der regulatorischen Kontrolle auf der Ebene der gekoppelten Reaktionsraten einhergeht. Dazu verwendete ich Metabolit-Profile von gezüchteten, als auch wilden Weizen- und Tomatenspezies. Meine Ergebnisse belegen, dass die selben Stoffwechselwege in Arabidopsis thaliana und Escherichia coli eine unterschiedliche Anzahl an gekoppelten Reaktionsraten aufweisen. Darüber hinaus habe ich eine neue Methode zur Identifizierung und Kategorisierung von transkriptionellen Effekten auf den Metabolismus entwickelt. Dies erfolgt durch die Kombination von Genexpressionsdaten und Messungen von Metaboliten. Die Methode ermittelt die partielle Korrelation zwischen Metaboliten, wobei die Hauptkomponenten der Transkriptdaten als Kontrollvariablen dienen. Dadurch kann der Einfluss der Transkription auf Metabolit-Profile herausgerechnet werden. Dieser Ansatz ermöglicht die Einteilung von Metabolitpaaren in assoziiert durch transkriptionelle oder assoziiert durch posttranskriptionelle Regulation. Die Einteilung ist abhängig davon, ob die Korrelation zwischen Metaboliten bestehen bleibt, wenn für den Einfluss der Transkription kontrolliert wird. Ich konnte nachweisen, dass die zuvor genannten Klassifizierungen von Metabolitpaaren mit existierender Literatur und den Ergebnissen einer auf bayessche Statistik basierenden Studie übereinstimmen. Die Methoden, die in dieser Doktorarbeit entwickelt, implementiert und untersucht wurden, öffnen neue Wege um metabolische und transkriptomische Daten gemeinsam auszuwerten. Sie erlauben Metabolit-Profile in den Kontext von metabolischen Netzwerken zu stellen. Die Ergebnisse haben das Potential uns weitere Einblicke in die regulatorische Maschinerie in biologischen Systemen zu gewähren. KW - systems biology KW - metabolomics KW - metabolites KW - Systembiologie KW - Metabolomik KW - Metabolite Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-423240 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ma, Xuemin A1 - Zhang, Youjun A1 - Tureckova, Veronika A1 - Xue, Gang-Ping A1 - Fernie, Alisdair R. A1 - Mueller-Röber, Bernd A1 - Balazadeh, Salma T1 - The NAC Transcription Factor SlNAP2 Regulates Leaf Senescence and Fruit Yield in Tomato JF - Plant physiology : an international journal devoted to physiology, biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, biophysics and environmental biology of plants N2 - Leaf senescence is an essential physiological process in plants that supports the recycling of nitrogen and other nutrients to support the growth of developing organs, including young leaves, seeds, and fruits. Thus, the regulation of senescence is crucial for evolutionary success in wild populations and for increasing yield in crops. Here, we describe the influence of a NAC transcription factor, SlNAP2 (Solanum lycopersicum NAC-like, activated by Apetala3/Pistillata), that controls both leaf senescence and fruit yield in tomato (S. lycopersicum). SlNAP2 expression increases during age-dependent and dark-induced leaf senescence. We demonstrate that SlNAP2 activates SlSAG113 (S. lycopersicum SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED GENE113), a homolog of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SAG113, chlorophyll degradation genes such as SlSGR1 (S. lycopersicum senescence-inducible chloroplast stay-green protein 1) and SlPAO (S. lycopersicum pheide a oxygenase), and other downstream targets by directly binding to their promoters, thereby promoting leaf senescence. Furthermore, SlNAP2 directly controls the expression of genes important for abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, S. lycopersicum 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 1 (SlNCED1); transport, S. lycopersicum ABC transporter G family member 40 (SlABCG40); and degradation, S. lycopersicum ABA 8′-hydroxylase (SlCYP707A2), indicating that SlNAP2 has a complex role in establishing ABA homeostasis during leaf senescence. Inhibiting SlNAP2 expression in transgenic tomato plants impedes leaf senescence but enhances fruit yield and sugar content likely due to prolonged leaf photosynthesis in aging tomato plants. Our data indicate that SlNAP2 has a central role in controlling leaf senescence and fruit yield in tomato. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.18.00292 SN - 0032-0889 SN - 1532-2548 VL - 177 IS - 3 SP - 1286 EP - 1302 PB - American Society of Plant Physiologists CY - Rockville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schrön, Martin A1 - Rosolem, Rafael A1 - Köhli, Markus A1 - Piussi, L. A1 - Schröter, I. A1 - Iwema, J. A1 - Kögler, S. A1 - Oswald, Sascha A1 - Wollschläger, U. A1 - Samaniego, Luis A1 - Dietrich, Peter A1 - Zacharias, Steffen T1 - Cosmic-ray Neutron Rover Surveys of Field Soil Moisture and the Influence of Roads JF - Water resources research N2 - Measurements of root-zone soil moisture across spatial scales of tens to thousands of meters have been a challenge for many decades. The mobile application of Cosmic Ray Neutron Sensing (CRNS) is a promising approach to measure field soil moisture noninvasively by surveying large regions with a ground-based vehicle. Recently, concerns have been raised about a potentially biasing influence of local structures and roads. We employed neutron transport simulations and dedicated experiments to quantify the influence of different road types on the CRNS measurement. We found that roads introduce a substantial bias in the CRNS estimation of field soil moisture compared to off-road scenarios. However, this effect becomes insignificant at distances beyond a few meters from the road. Neutron measurements on the road could overestimate the field value by up to 40 % depending on road material, width, and the surrounding field water content. The bias could be largely removed with an analytical correction function that accounts for these parameters. Additionally, an empirical approach is proposed that can be used without prior knowledge of field soil moisture. Tests at different study sites demonstrated good agreement between road-effect corrected measurements and field soil moisture observations. However, if knowledge about the road characteristics is missing, measurements on the road could substantially reduce the accuracy of this method. Our results constitute a practical advancement of the mobile CRNS methodology, which is important for providing unbiased estimates of field-scale soil moisture to support applications in hydrology, remote sensing, and agriculture. Plain Language Summary Measurements of root-zone soil moisture across spatial scales of tens to thousands of meters have been a challenge for many decades. The mobile application of Cosmic Ray Neutron Sensing (CRNS) is a promising approach to measure field soil moisture noninvasively by surveying large regions with a ground-based vehicle. Recently, concerns have been raised about a potentially biasing influence of roads. We employed physics simulations and dedicated experiments to quantify the influence of different road types on the CRNS measurement. We found that the presence of roads biased the CRNS estimation of field soil moisture compared to nonroad scenarios. Neutron measurements could overestimate the field value by up to 40 % depending on road material, width, surrounding field water content, and distance from the road. We proposed a correction function that successfully removed this bias and works even without prior knowledge of field soil moisture. Tests at different study sites demonstrated good agreement between corrected measurements and other field soil moisture observations. Our results constitute a practical advancement of the mobile CRNS methodology, which is important for providing unbiased estimates of field-scale soil moisture to support applications in hydrology, remote sensing, and agriculture. KW - road effect KW - field-scale KW - soil moisture KW - cosmic ray neutrons KW - mobile survey KW - COSMOS rover Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2017WR021719 SN - 0043-1397 SN - 1944-7973 VL - 54 IS - 9 SP - 6441 EP - 6459 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baroni, Gabriele A1 - Scheiffele, Lena A1 - Schrön, Martin A1 - Ingwersen, Joachim A1 - Oswald, Sascha T1 - Uncertainty, sensitivity and improvements in soil moisture estimation with cosmic-ray neutron sensing JF - Journal of hydrology N2 - Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) is a promising proximal soil sensing technique to estimate soil moisture at intermediate scale and high temporal resolution. However, the signal shows complex and non-unique response to all hydrogen pools near the land surface, providing some challenges for soil moisture estimation in practical applications. Aims of the study were 1) to assess the uncertainty of CRNS as a stand-alone approach to estimate volumetric soil moisture in cropped field 2) to identify the causes of this uncertainty 3) and possible improvements. Two experimental sites in Germany were equipped with a CRNS probe and point-scale soil moisture network. Additional monitoring activities were conducted during the crop growing season to characterize the soil-plant systems. This data is used to identify and quantify the different sources of uncertainty (factors). An uncertainty analysis, based on Monte Carlo approach, is applied to propagate these uncertainties to CRNS soil moisture estimations. In addition, a sensitivity analysis based on the Sobol’ method is performed to identify the most important factors explaining this uncertainty. Results show that CRNS soil moisture compares well to the soil moisture network when these point-scale values are weighted to account for the spatial sensitivity of the signal and other sources of hydrogen (lattice water and organic carbon) are added to the water content. However, the performance decreases when CRNS is considered as a stand-alone method to retrieve the actual (non-weighted) volumetric soil moisture. The support volume (penetration depth and radius) shows also a considerable uncertainty, especially in relatively dry soil moisture conditions. Four of the seven factors analyzed (the vertical soil moisture profile, bulk density, incoming neutron correction and the calibrated parameter N0) were found to play an important role. Among the possible improvements identified, a simple correction factor based on vertical point-scale soil moisture profiles shows to be a promising approach to account for the sensitivity of the CRNS signal to the upper soil layers. KW - Soil moisture KW - Cosmic-ray neutrons KW - Uncertainty analysis KW - Sensitivity analysis Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.07.053 SN - 0022-1694 SN - 1879-2707 VL - 564 SP - 873 EP - 887 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kamranfar, Iman A1 - Xue, Gang-Ping A1 - Tohge, Takayuki A1 - Sedaghatmehr, Mastoureh A1 - Fernie, Alisdair R. A1 - Balazadeh, Salma A1 - Mueller-Roeber, Bernd T1 - Transcription factor RD26 is a key regulator of metabolic reprogramming during dark-induced senescence JF - New phytologist : international journal of plant science N2 - Leaf senescence is a key process in plants that culminates in the degradation of cellular constituents and massive reprogramming of metabolism for the recovery of nutrients from aged leaves for their reuse in newly developing sinks. We used molecular-biological and metabolomics approaches to identify NAC transcription factor (TF) RD26 as an important regulator of metabolic reprogramming in Arabidopsis thaliana. RD26 directly activates CHLOROPLAST VESICULATION (CV), encoding a protein crucial for chloroplast protein degradation, concomitant with an enhanced protein loss in RD26 over-expressors during senescence, but a reduced decline of protein in rd26 knockout mutants. RD26 also directly activates LKR/SDH involved in lysine catabolism, and PES1 important for phytol degradation. Metabolic profiling revealed reduced c-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in RD26 overexpressors, accompanied by the induction of respective catabolic genes. Degradation of lysine, phytol and GABA is instrumental for maintaining mitochondrial respiration in carbon-limiting conditions during senescence. RD26 also supports the degradation of starch and the accumulation of mono-and disaccharides during senescence by directly enhancing the expression of AMY1, SFP1 and SWEET15 involved in carbohydrate metabolism and transport. Collectively, during senescence RD26 acts by controlling the expression of genes across the entire spectrum of the cellular degradation hierarchy. KW - Arabidopsis KW - fatty acid KW - primary metabolism KW - protein and amino acid degradation KW - respiration KW - senescence Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15127 SN - 0028-646X SN - 1469-8137 VL - 218 IS - 4 SP - 1543 EP - 1557 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mamede, George Leite A1 - Güntner, Andreas A1 - Medeiros, Pedro Henrique Augusto A1 - de Araujo, Jose Carlos A1 - Bronstert, Axel T1 - Modeling the Effect of Multiple Reservoirs on Water and Sediment Dynamics in a Semiarid Catchment in Brazil JF - Journal of Hydrologic Engineering N2 - Taking into account the climatic conditions of the semiarid region of Brazil, with its intermittent rivers and long periods of water scarcity, a dense network of surface reservoirs (on average one dam every 5 km(2)) of very different sizes has been built. The impact of such a network on water and sediment dynamics constitutes a remarkable challenge for hydrologists. The main objective of this work is to present a novel way of simulating water and sediment fluxes through such high-density reservoir networks, which enables the assessment of water and sediment retention in those structures. The new reservoir modeling approach has been coupled with the fully process-oriented and semidistributed hydrological WASA-SED model, which was tailored for semiarid hydroclimatological characteristics. This integrated modeling system was applied to the 933-km(2) Bengue catchment, located in semiarid northeastern Brazil, which has a network of 114 reservoirs with a wide range of surface areas (from 0.003 to 350 ha). The small reservoirs were grouped into size classes according to their storage capacity and a cascade routing scheme was applied to describe the upstream-downstream position of the classes; the large reservoirs were handled explicitly in the reservoir modeling approach. According to the model results, the proposed approach is capable of representing the water and sediment fluxes though the entire reservoir network with reasonable accuracy. In addition, the model shows that the dynamics of water and sediment within the Bengue catchment are strongly impacted by the presence of multiple reservoirs, which are able to retain approximately 21% of the generated runoff and almost 42% of the sediment yield of the catchment for the simulation period, from 2000 to 2012. (C) 2018 American Society of Civil Engineers. KW - Reservoir network KW - Semiarid catchment KW - Sediment retention KW - Water storage dynamic Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001701 SN - 1084-0699 SN - 1943-5584 VL - 23 IS - 12 PB - American Society of Civil Engineers CY - Reston ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schrön, Martin A1 - Zacharias, Steffen A1 - Womack, Gary A1 - Köhli, Markus A1 - Desilets, Darin A1 - Oswald, Sascha A1 - Bumberger, Jan A1 - Mollenhauer, Hannes A1 - Kögler, Simon A1 - Remmler, Paul A1 - Kasner, Mandy A1 - Denk, Astrid A1 - Dietrich, Peter T1 - Intercomparison of cosmic-ray neutron sensors and water balance monitoring in an urban environment JF - Geoscientific instrumentation, methods and data systems N2 - Sensor-to-sensor variability is a source of error common to all geoscientific instruments that needs to be assessed before comparative and applied research can be performed with multiple sensors. Consistency among sensor systems is especially critical when subtle features of the surrounding terrain are to be identified. Cosmic-ray neutron sensors (CRNSs) are a recent technology used to monitor hectometre-scale environmental water storages, for which a rigorous comparison study of numerous co-located sensors has not yet been performed. In this work, nine stationary CRNS probes of type "CRS1000" were installed in relative proximity on a grass patch surrounded by trees, buildings, and sealed areas. While the dynamics of the neutron count rates were found to be similar, offsets of a few percent from the absolute average neutron count rates were found. Technical adjustments of the individual detection parameters brought all instruments into good agreement. Furthermore, we found a critical integration time of 6 h above which all sensors showed consistent dynamics in the data and their RMSE fell below 1% of gravimetric water content. The residual differences between the nine signals indicated local effects of the complex urban terrain on the scale of several metres. Mobile CRNS measurements and spatial simulations with the URANOS neutron transport code in the surrounding area (25 ha) have revealed substantial sub-footprint heterogeneity to which CRNS detectors are sensitive despite their large averaging volume. The sealed and constantly dry structures in the footprint furthermore damped the dynamics of the CRNS-derived soil moisture. We developed strategies to correct for the sealed-area effect based on theoretical insights about the spatial sensitivity of the sensor. This procedure not only led to reliable soil moisture estimation during dry-out periods, it further revealed a strong signal of intercepted water that emerged over the sealed surfaces during rain events. The presented arrangement offered a unique opportunity to demonstrate the CRNS performance in complex terrain, and the results indicated great potential for further applications in urban climate research. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-7-83-2018 SN - 2193-0856 SN - 2193-0864 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 83 EP - 99 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rud, R. A1 - Käthner, Jana A1 - Giesser, J. A1 - Pasche, R. A1 - Giebel, Antje A1 - Selbeck, Jörn A1 - Shenderey, C. A1 - Fleury, D. A1 - Zude, Manuela A1 - Alchanatis, Victor T1 - Monitoring spatial variability in an apple orchard under different water regimes T2 - International Symposium on Sensing Plant Water Status - Methods and Applications in Horticultural Science N2 - Precision fruticulture addresses site or tree-adapted crop management. In the present study, soil and tree status, as well as fruit quality at harvest were analysed in a commercial apple (Malus × domestica 'Gala Brookfield'/Pajam1) orchard in a temperate climate. Trees were irrigated in addition to precipitation. Three irrigation levels (0, 50 and 100%) were applied. Measurements included readings of apparent electrical conductivity of soil (ECa), stem water potential, canopy temperature obtained by infrared camera, and canopy volume estimated by LiDAR and RGB colour imaging. Laboratory analyses of 6 trees per treatment were done on fruit considering the pigment contents and quality parameters. Midday stem water potential (SWP), normalized crop water stress index (CWSI) calculated from thermal data, and fruit yield and quality at harvest were analysed. Spatial patterns of the variability of tree water status were estimated by CWSI imaging supported by SWP readings. CWSI ranged from 0.1 to 0.7 indicating high variability due to irrigation and precipitation. Canopy volume data were less variable. Soil ECa appeared homogeneous in the range of 0 to 4 mS m-1. Fruit harvested in a drought stress zone showed enhanced portion of pheophytin in the chlorophyll pool. Irrigation affected soluble solids content and, hence, the quality of fruit. Overall, results highlighted that spatial variation in orchards can be found even if marginal variability of soil properties can be assumed. KW - apple KW - CWSI KW - precision agriculture KW - management zone Y1 - 2018 SN - 978-94-62611-93-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2018.1197.19 SN - 0567-7572 SN - 2406-6168 VL - 1197 SP - 139 EP - 146 PB - International Society for Horticultural Science CY - The Hague ER - TY - THES A1 - Pham, Phuong Anh T1 - The metabolic significance of the NAD+ salvage pathway and the alternative pathway of respiration in Arabidopsis thaliana Y1 - 2018 ER -