TY - THES A1 - Savatieiev, Oleksandr T1 - Carbon nitride semiconductors: properties and application as photocatalysts in organic synthesis N2 - Graphitic carbon nitrides (g-CNs) are represented by melon-type g-CN, poly(heptazine imides) (PHIs), triazine-based g-CN and poly(triazine imide) with intercalated LiCl (PTI/Li+Cl‒). These materials are composed of sp2-hybridized carbon and nitrogen atoms; C:N ratio is close to 3:4; the building unit is 1,3,5-triazine or tri-s-triazine; the building units are interconnected covalently via sp2-hybridized nitrogen atoms or NH-moieties; the layers are assembled into a stack via weak van der Waals forces as in graphite. Due to medium band gap (~2.7 eV) g-CNs, such as melon-type g-CN and PHIs, are excited by photons with wavelength ≤ 460 nm. Since 2009 g-CNs have been actively studied as photocatalysts in evolution of hydrogen and oxygen – two half-reactions of full water splitting, by employing corresponding sacrificial agents. At the same time application of g-CNs as photocatalysts in organic synthesis has been remaining limited to few reactions only. Cumulative Habilitation summarizes research work conducted by the group ‘Innovative Heterogeneous Photocatalysis’ between 2017-2023 in the field of carbon nitride organic photocatalysis, which is led by Dr. Oleksandr Savatieiev. g-CN photocatalysts activate molecules, i.e. generate their more reactive open-shell intermediates, via three modes: i) Photoinduced electron transfer (PET); ii) Excited state proton-coupled electron transfer (ES-PCET) or direct hydrogen atom transfer (dHAT); iii) Energy transfer (EnT). The scope of reactions that proceed via oxidative PET, i.e. one-electron oxidation of a substrate to the corresponding radical cation, are represented by synthesis of sulfonylchlorides from S-acetylthiophenols. The scope of reactions that proceed via reductive PET, i.e. one-electron reduction of a substrate to the corresponding radical anion, are represented by synthesis of γ,γ-dichloroketones from the enones and chloroform. Due to abundance of sp2-hybridized nitrogen atoms in the structure of g-CN materials, they are able to cleave X-H bonds in organic molecules and store temporary hydrogen atom. ES-PCET or dHAT mode of organic molecules activation to the corresponding radicals is implemented for substrates featuring relatively acidic X-H bonds and those that are characterized by low bond dissociation energy, such as C-H bond next to the heteroelements. On the other hand, reductively quenched g-CN carrying hydrogen atom reduces a carbonyl compound to the ketyl radical via PCET that is thermodynamically more favorable pathway compared to the electron transfer. The scope of these reactions is represented by cyclodimerization of α,β-unsaturated ketones to cyclopentanoles. g-CN excited state demonstrates complex dynamics with the initial formation of singlet excited state, which upon intersystem crossing produces triplet excited state that is characterized by the lifetime > 2 μs. Due to long lifetime, g-CN activate organic molecules via EnT. For example, g-CN sensitizes singlet oxygen, which is the key intermediate in the dehydrogenation of aldoximes to nitrileoxides. The transient nitrileoxide undergoes [3+2]-cycloaddition to nitriles and gives oxadiazoles-1,2,4. PET, ES-PCET and EnT are fundamental phenomena that are applied beyond organic photocatalysis. Hybrid composite is formed by combining conductive polymers, such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) with potassium poly(heptazine imide) (K-PHI). Upon PET, K-PHI modulated population of polarons and therefore conductivity of PEDOT:PSS. The initial state of PEDOT:PSS is recovered upon material exposure to O2. K-PHI:PEDOT:PSS may be applied in O2 sensing. In the presence of electron donors, such as tertiary amines and alcohols, and irradiation with light, K-PHI undergoes photocharging – the g-CN material accumulates electrons and charge-compensating cations. Such photocharged state is stable under anaerobic conditions for weeks, but at the same time it is a strong reductant. This feature allows decoupling in time light harvesting and energy storage in the form of electron-proton couples from utilization in organic synthesis. The photocharged state of K-PHI reduces nitrobenzene to aniline, and enables dimerization of α,β-unsaturated ketones to hexadienones in dark. N2 - Graphitische Kohlenstoffnitride (g-CNs) werden durch g-CN vom Melonen-Typ, Poly(heptazinimide) (PHIs), g-CN auf Triazinbasis und Poly(triazinimid) mit interkaliertem LiCl (PTI/Li+Cl-) repräsentiert. Diese Materialien bestehen aus sp2-hybridisierten Kohlenstoff- und Stickstoffatomen; das C:N-Verhältnis liegt nahe bei 3:4; das Grundgerüst ist 1,3,5-Triazin oder Tri-s-Triazin; die Grundgerüste sind kovalent über sp2-hybridisierte Stickstoffatome oder NH-Moleküle miteinander verbunden; die Schichten werden über schwache van-der-Waals-Kräfte wie in Graphit zu einem Stapel zusammengefügt. Aufgrund der mittleren Bandlücke (~2,7 eV) werden g-CNs, wie z. B. g-CN vom Melonen-Typ und PHIs, durch Photonen mit einer Wellenlänge ≤ 460 nm angeregt. Seit 2009 werden g-CNs aktiv als Photokatalysatoren für die Entwicklung von Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff - zwei Halbreaktionen der vollständigen Wasserspaltung - untersucht, indem entsprechende Opferstoffe eingesetzt werden. Gleichzeitig ist die Anwendung von g-CNs als Photokatalysatoren in der organischen Synthese auf wenige Reaktionen beschränkt geblieben. Die kumulative Habilitation fasst die Forschungsarbeiten zusammen, die von der Gruppe "Innovative heterogene Photokatalyse" zwischen 2017 und 2023 auf dem Gebiet der organischen Photokatalyse mit Kohlenstoffnitrid durchgeführt wurden, die von Dr. Oleksandr Savatieiev geleitet wird. g-CN-Photokatalysatoren aktivieren Moleküle, d. h. sie erzeugen ihre reaktiveren Zwischenprodukte mit offener Schale über drei Modi: i) photoinduzierter Elektronentransfer (PET); ii) protonengekoppelter Elektronentransfer im angeregten Zustand (ES-PCET) oder direkter Wasserstoffatomtransfer (dHAT); iii) Energietransfer (EnT). Der Bereich der Reaktionen, die über oxidativen PET ablaufen, d. h. die Ein-Elektronen-Oxidation eines Substrats zum entsprechenden Radikalkation, wird durch die Synthese von Sulfonylchloriden aus S-Acetylthiophenolen dargestellt. Der Bereich der Reaktionen, die über reduktive PET ablaufen, d. h. Reduktion eines Substrats mit einem Elektron zum entsprechenden radikalischen Anion, wird durch die Synthese von γ,γ-Dichloroketonen aus Enonen und Chloroform repräsentiert. Aufgrund der zahlreichen sp2-hybridisierten Stickstoffatome in der Struktur der g-CN-Materialien können sie X-H-Bindungen in organischen Molekülen spalten und temporäre Wasserstoffatome speichern. Der ES-PCET- oder dHAT-Modus der Aktivierung organischer Moleküle zu den entsprechenden Radikalen wird bei Substraten mit relativ sauren X-H-Bindungen und solchen, die sich durch eine niedrige Bindungsdissoziationsenergie auszeichnen, wie z. B. die C-H-Bindung neben den Heteroelementen, durchgeführt. Andererseits reduziert reduktiv gequenchtes g-CN, das ein Wasserstoffatom trägt, eine Carbonylverbindung über PCET zum Ketylradikal, was im Vergleich zum Elektronentransfer der thermodynamisch günstigere Weg ist. Der Umfang dieser Reaktionen wird durch die Cyclodimerisierung von α,β-ungesättigten Ketonen zu Cyclopentanolen dargestellt. Der angeregte Zustand von g-CN zeigt eine komplexe Dynamik mit der anfänglichen Bildung eines angeregten Singulett-Zustands, der beim Übergang zwischen den Systemen einen angeregten Triplett-Zustand erzeugt, der durch eine Lebensdauer von > 2 μs gekennzeichnet ist. Aufgrund der langen Lebensdauer aktivieren g-CN organische Moleküle über EnT. So sensibilisiert g-CN beispielsweise Singulett-Sauerstoff, der das wichtigste Zwischenprodukt bei der Dehydrierung von Aldoximen zu Nitriloxiden ist. Das transiente Nitriloxid unterliegt einer [3+2]-Cycloaddition zu Nitrilen und ergibt Oxadiazole-1,2,4. PET, ES-PCET und EnT sind grundlegende Phänomene, die über die organische Photokatalyse hinaus Anwendung finden. Hybridkomposit wird durch die Kombination von leitfähigen Polymeren wie Poly(3,4-ethylendioxythiophen)polystyrolsulfonat (PEDOT:PSS) mit Kaliumpoly(heptazinimid) (K-PHI) gebildet. Nach PET modulierte K-PHI die Population der Polaronen und damit die Leitfähigkeit von PEDOT:PSS. Der Ausgangszustand von PEDOT:PSS wird wiederhergestellt, wenn das Material O2 ausgesetzt wird. K-PHI:PEDOT:PSS kann für die O2-Sensorik verwendet werden. In Gegenwart von Elektronendonatoren, wie tertiären Aminen und Alkoholen, und bei Lichteinstrahlung wird K-PHI photogeladen - das g-CN-Material sammelt Elektronen und ladungsausgleichende Kationen an. Dieser photogeladene Zustand ist unter anaeroben Bedingungen wochenlang stabil, gleichzeitig ist er aber ein starkes Reduktionsmittel. Diese Eigenschaft ermöglicht die zeitliche Entkopplung von Lichtsammlung und Energiespeicherung in Form von Elektron-Protonen-Paaren von der Nutzung in der organischen Synthese. Der photogeladene Zustand von K-PHI reduziert Nitrobenzol zu Anilin und ermöglicht die Dimerisierung von α,β-ungesättigten Ketonen zu Hexadienonen im Dunkeln. KW - carbon nitride KW - photocatalysis KW - photochemistry KW - photocharging KW - organic synthesis Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dosdall, Henrik A1 - Löckmann, Teresa T1 - Exploring terrorism prevention BT - an organizational perspective on police investigations JF - Journal of organizational sociology N2 - The article analyzes the investigations conducted by the Berlin police into the subsequent perpetrator of the vehicle-ramming attack at a Berlin Christmas market on December 19, 2016. We explore why the police closed these investigations prematurely and thereby focus on an attempt to prevent lone actor terrorism. The analysis shows that the police closed its investigations owing to organizational dynamics driven by an increasing need to justify further resource investments in the face of absent conclusive evidence and scarce resources in relation to the organizational case ecology. We propose hypotheses for future research and formulate three contributions to existing research on the sociology of police, terrorism prevention, and lone actor research. KW - Berlin Christmas market attack KW - case ecologies KW - investigative routines KW - lone actors KW - police Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/joso-2022-0002 SN - 2752-2997 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 47 EP - 72 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bobzien, Licia T1 - Income inequality and political trust BT - do fairness perceptions matter? JF - Social indicators research N2 - Political trust—in terms of trust in political institutions—is an important precondition for the functioning and stability of democracy. One widely studied determinant of political trust is income inequality. While the empirical finding that societies with lower levels of income inequality have higher levels of trust is well established, the exact ways in which income inequality affects political trust remain unclear. Past research has shown that individuals oftentimes have biased perceptions of inequality. Considering potentially biased inequality perceptions, I argue that individuals compare their perceptions of inequality to their preference for inequality. If they identify a gap between what they perceive and what they prefer (= fairness gap), they consider their attitudes towards inequality unrepresented. This, in turn, reduces trust in political institutions. Using three waves of the ESS and the ISSP in a cross-country perspective, I find that (1) perceiving a larger fairness gap is associated with lower levels of political trust; (2) the fairness gap mediates the link between actual inequality and political trust; and (3) disaggregating the fairness gap measure, political trust is more strongly linked to variation in inequality perceptions than to variation in inequality preferences. This indicates that inequality perceptions are an important factor shaping trust into political institutions. KW - political trust KW - inequality KW - perceptions of inequality KW - fairness Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-023-03168-9 SN - 0303-8300 SN - 1573-0921 VL - 169 IS - 1-2 SP - 505 EP - 528 PB - Springer Nature B.V. CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - THES A1 - Meyer, Dominique M.-A. T1 - The circumstellar medium of massive stars Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - THES A1 - Raschke, Stefanie T1 - Characterization of selenium and copper in cell systems of the neurovascular unit T1 - Charakterisierung von Selen und Kupfer in Zellsystemen der neurovaskulären Einheit N2 - The trace elements, selenium (Se) and copper (Cu) play an important role in maintaining normal brain function. Since they have essential functions as cofactors of enzymes or structural components of proteins, an optimal supply as well as a well-defined homeostatic regulation are crucial. Disturbances in trace element homeostasis affect the health status and contribute to the incidence and severity of various diseases. The brain in particular is vulnerable to oxidative stress due to its extensive oxygen consumption and high energy turnover, among other factors. As components of a number of antioxidant enzymes, both elements are involved in redox homeostasis. However, high concentrations are also associated with the occurrence of oxidative stress, which can induce cellular damage. Especially high Cu concentrations in some brain areas are associated with the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In contrast, reduced Se levels were measured in brains of AD patients. The opposing behavior of Cu and Se renders the study of these two trace elements as well as the interactions between them being particularly relevant and addressed in this work. N2 - Die Spurenelemente Selen (Se) und Kupfer (Cu) spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Aufrechterhaltung einer normalen Ge¬hirnfunktion. Da sie wesentliche Funktionen als Cofaktoren von Enzymen oder Strukturbestandteile von Proteinen haben, sind eine optimale Versorgung sowie eine genau definierte homöostatische Regulierung von entscheidender Bedeutung. Störungen der Spurenelement-homöostase beeinträchtigen den Gesund¬heitszustand und tragen zum Auftreten und zur Schwere verschiedener Krankheiten bei. Insbesondere das Gehirn ist aufgrund seines hohen Sauerstoffverbrauchs und seines hohen Energieumsatzes anfällig für oxi¬dativen Stress. Als Bestandteile einer Reihe von antioxidativen Enzymen sind beide Elemente an der Redox-Homöostase beteiligt. Hohe Konzentrationen werden jedoch auch mit dem Auftreten von oxidati¬vem Stress in Verbindung gebracht, der zu Zellschäden führen kann. Besonders hohe Cu-Konzentrationen in einigen Hirnregionen werden mit der Entwicklung und der Progression neurodegenerativer Erkran¬kungen wie Alzheimer in Verbindung gebracht. Im Gegensatz dazu wurden in den Gehirnen von Alzheimer-Patienten geringere Se-Konzentrationen gemessen. Das gegensätzliche Verhalten von Cu und Se verdeutlicht die Relevanz der Untersuchung dieser beiden Spurenelemente sowie deren Wechselwirkungen und wird in dieser Arbeit thematisiert. KW - selenium KW - copper KW - Selen KW - Kupfer KW - Blut-Hirn-Schranke KW - Neuronen KW - Astrozyten KW - blood-brain barrier KW - neurons KW - astrocytes Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-603666 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fritsch, Nina-Sophie A1 - Riederer, Bernhard A1 - Seewann, Lena T1 - Living alone in the city BT - differentials in subjective well-being among single households 1995–2018 JF - Applied research in quality of life N2 - Over the past decades, the number of single households is constantly rising in metropolitan regions. In addition, they became increasingly heterogeneous. In the media, individuals who live alone are sometimes still presented as deficient. Recent research, however, indicates a way more complex picture. Using the example of Vienna, this paper investigates the quality of life of different groups of single households in the city. Based on five waves of the Viennese Quality of Life Survey covering almost a quarter of a century (1995–2018), we analyse six domains of subjective well-being (satisfaction with the financial situation, the housing situation, the main activity, the family life, social contacts, and leisure time activities). Our analyses reveal that, in most domains, average satisfaction of single households has hardly changed over time. However, among those living alone satisfaction of senior people (60+) increased while satisfaction of younger people (below age 30) decreased. Increasing differences in satisfaction with main activity, housing, or financial situation reflect general societal developments on the Viennese labour and housing markets. The old clichéd images of the “young, reckless, happy single” and the “lonely, poor, dissatisfied senior single” reverse reality. KW - subjective well-being KW - living alone KW - singles KW - gender KW - age KW - Vienna Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-023-10177-w SN - 1871-2584 SN - 1871-2576 VL - 18 IS - 4 SP - 2065 EP - 2087 PB - Springer Netherlands CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - THES A1 - Gómez Zapata, Juan Camilo T1 - Towards unifying approaches in exposure modelling for scenario-based multi-hazard risk assessments N2 - This cumulative thesis presents a stepwise investigation of the exposure modelling process for risk assessment due to natural hazards while highlighting its, to date, not much-discussed importance and associated uncertainties. Although “exposure” refers to a very broad concept of everything (and everyone) that is susceptible to damage, in this thesis it is narrowed down to the modelling of large-area residential building stocks. Classical building exposure models for risk applications have been constructed fully relying on unverified expert elicitation over data sources (e.g., outdated census datasets), and hence have been implicitly assumed to be static in time and in space. Moreover, their spatial representation has also typically been simplified by geographically aggregating the inferred composition onto coarse administrative units whose boundaries do not always capture the spatial variability of the hazard intensities required for accurate risk assessments. These two shortcomings and the related epistemic uncertainties embedded within exposure models are tackled in the first three chapters of the thesis. The exposure composition of large-area residential building stocks is studied on the scope of scenario-based earthquake loss models. Then, the proposal of optimal spatial aggregation areas of exposure models for various hazard-related vulnerabilities is presented, focusing on ground-shaking and tsunami risks. Subsequently, once the experience is gained in the study of the composition and spatial aggregation of exposure for various hazards, this thesis moves towards a multi-hazard context while addressing cumulative damage and losses due to consecutive hazard scenarios. This is achieved by proposing a novel method to account for the pre-existing damage descriptions on building portfolios as a key input to account for scenario-based multi-risk assessment. Finally, this thesis shows how the integration of the aforementioned elements can be used in risk communication practices. This is done through a modular architecture based on the exploration of quantitative risk scenarios that are contrasted with social risk perceptions of the directly exposed communities to natural hazards. In Chapter 1, a Bayesian approach is proposed to update the prior assumptions on such composition (i.e., proportions per building typology). This is achieved by integrating high-quality real observations and then capturing the intrinsic probabilistic nature of the exposure model. Such observations are accounted as real evidence from both: field inspections (Chapter 2) and freely available data sources to update existing (but outdated) exposure models (Chapter 3). In these two chapters, earthquake scenarios with parametrised ground motion fields were transversally used to investigate the role of such epistemic uncertainties related to the exposure composition through sensitivity analyses. Parametrised scenarios of seismic ground shaking were the hazard input utilised to study the physical vulnerability of building portfolios. The second issue that was investigated, which refers to the spatial aggregation of building exposure models, was investigated within two decoupled vulnerability contexts: due to seismic ground shaking through the integration of remote sensing techniques (Chapter 3); and within a multi-hazard context by integrating the occurrence of associated tsunamis (Chapter 4). Therein, a careful selection of the spatial aggregation entities while pursuing computational efficiency and accuracy in the risk estimates due to such independent hazard scenarios (i.e., earthquake and tsunami) are discussed. Therefore, in this thesis, the physical vulnerability of large-area building portfolios due to tsunamis is considered through two main frames: considering and disregarding the interaction at the vulnerability level, through consecutive and decoupled hazard scenarios respectively, which were then contrasted. Contrary to Chapter 4, where no cumulative damages are addressed, in Chapter 5, data and approaches, which were already generated in former sections, are integrated with a novel modular method to ultimately study the likely interactions at the vulnerability level on building portfolios. This is tested by evaluating cumulative damages and losses after earthquakes with increasing magnitude followed by their respective tsunamis. Such a novel method is grounded on the possibility of re-using existing fragility models within a probabilistic framework. The same approach is followed in Chapter 6 to forecast the likely cumulative damages to be experienced by a building stock located in a volcanic multi-hazard setting (ash-fall and lahars). In that section, special focus was made on the manner the forecasted loss metrics are communicated to locally exposed communities. Co-existing quantitative scientific approaches (i.e., comprehensive exposure models; explorative risk scenarios involving single and multiple hazards) and semi-qualitative social risk perception (i.e., level of understanding that the exposed communities have about their own risk) were jointly considered. Such an integration ultimately allowed this thesis to also contribute to enhancing preparedness, science divulgation at the local level as well as technology transfer initiatives. Finally, a synthesis of this thesis along with some perspectives for improvement and future work are presented. N2 - Diese kumulative Diplomarbeit stellt eine schrittweise Untersuchung des Expositionsmodellierungsprozesses für die Risikobewertung durch Naturgefahren dar und weist auf seine bisher wenig diskutierte Bedeutung und die damit verbundenen Unsicherheiten hin. Obwohl sich „Exposition“ auf einen sehr weiten Begriff von allem (und jedem) bezieht, der für Schäden anfällig ist, wird er in dieser Arbeit auf die Modellierung von großräumigen Wohngebäudebeständen eingeengt. Klassische Gebäudeexpositionsmodelle für Risikoanwendungen wurden vollständig auf der Grundlage unbestätigter Expertenerhebungen über Datenquellen (z. B. veraltete Volkszählungsdatensätze) erstellt und wurden daher implizit als zeitlich und räumlich statisch angenommen. Darüber hinaus wurde ihre räumliche Darstellung typischerweise auch vereinfacht, indem die abgeleitete Zusammensetzung geografisch auf grobe Verwaltungseinheiten aggregiert wurde, deren Grenzen nicht immer die räumliche Variabilität der Gefahrenintensitäten erfassen, die für genaue Risikobewertungen erforderlich sind. Diese beiden Mängel und die damit verbundenen epistemischen Unsicherheiten, die in Expositionsmodellen eingebettet sind, werden in den ersten drei Kapiteln der Dissertation verfolgt. Die Exposure-Zusammensetzung von großflächigen Wohngebäudebeständen wird im Rahmen szenariobasierter Erdbebenschadenmodelle untersucht. Anschließend wird der Vorschlag optimaler räumlicher Aggregationsbereiche von Expositionsmodellen für verschiedene gefahrenbezogene Anfälligkeiten präsentiert, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf Bodenerschütterungs- und Tsunami-Risiken liegt. Anschließend, sobald die Erfahrung in der Untersuchung der Zusammensetzung und räumlichen Aggregation der Exposition für verschiedene Gefahren gesammelt wurde, bewegt sich diese Arbeit in Richtung eines Kontextes mit mehreren Gefahren, während sie sich mit kumulativen Schäden und Verlusten aufgrund aufeinanderfolgender Gefahrenszenarien befasst. Dies wird erreicht, indem eine neuartige Methode vorgeschlagen wird, um die bereits bestehenden Schadensbeschreibungen an Gebäudeportfolios als Schlüsseleingabe für die Berücksichtigung einer szenariobasierten Multi-Risiko-Bewertung zu berücksichtigen. Abschließend zeigt diese Arbeit, wie die Integration der oben genannten Elemente in der Risikokommunikation genutzt werden kann. Dies erfolgt durch eine modulare Architektur, die auf der Untersuchung quantitativer Risikoszenarien basiert, die mit der sozialen Risikowahrnehmung der direkt von Naturgefahren betroffenen Gemeinschaften kontrastiert werden. In Kapitel 1 wird ein bayesianischer Ansatz vorgeschlagen, um die früheren Annahmen zu einer solchen Zusammensetzung (d. h. Anteile pro Gebäudetypologie) zu aktualisieren. Dies wird erreicht, indem hochwertige reale Beobachtungen integriert und dann die intrinsische Wahrscheinlichkeitsnatur des Expositionsmodells erfasst wird. Solche Beobachtungen werden sowohl aus Feldbegehungen (Kapitel 2) als auch aus frei verfügbaren Datenquellen zur Aktualisierung bestehender (aber veralteter) Expositionsmodelle (Kapitel 3) als echte Beweise gewertet. In diesen beiden Kapiteln wurden Erdbebenszenarien mit parametrisierten Bodenbewegungsfeldern transversal verwendet, um die Rolle solcher epistemischen Unsicherheiten in Bezug auf die Expositionszusammensetzung durch Sensitivitätsanalysen zu untersuchen. Parametrisierte Szenarien seismischer Bodenerschütterungen waren der Gefahreneingang, der verwendet wurde, um die physische Anfälligkeit von Gebäudeportfolios zu untersuchen. Das zweite untersuchte Problem, das sich auf die räumliche Aggregation von Gebäudeexpositionsmodellen bezieht, wurde in zwei entkoppelten Vulnerabilitätskontexten untersucht: durch seismische Bodenerschütterungen durch die Integration von Fernerkundungstechniken (Kapitel 3); und innerhalb eines Multi-Hazard-Kontextes durch Einbeziehung des Auftretens assoziierter Tsunamis (Kapitel 4). Darin wird eine sorgfältige Auswahl der räumlichen Aggregationseinheiten bei gleichzeitigem Streben nach Recheneffizienz und Genauigkeit bei den Risikoschätzungen aufgrund solcher unabhängiger Gefahrenszenarien (d. h. Erdbeben und Tsunami) diskutiert. Daher wird in dieser Arbeit die physische Vulnerabilität von großen Gebäudeportfolios durch Tsunamis durch zwei Hauptrahmen betrachtet: Berücksichtigung und Nichtberücksichtigung der Wechselwirkung auf der Vulnerabilitätsebene, durch aufeinanderfolgende bzw. entkoppelte Gefahrenszenarien, die dann gegenübergestellt wurden. Im Gegensatz zu Kapitel 4, wo keine kumulativen Schäden angesprochen werden, werden in Kapitel 5 Daten und Ansätze, die bereits in früheren Abschnitten generiert wurden, mit einer neuartigen modularen Methode integriert, um letztendlich die wahrscheinlichen Wechselwirkungen auf der Schwachstellenebene beim Aufbau von Portfolios zu untersuchen. Dies wird getestet, indem kumulative Schäden und Verluste nach Erdbeben mit zunehmender Magnitude gefolgt von den jeweiligen Tsunamis bewertet werden. Eine solche neuartige Methode basiert auf der Möglichkeit, bestehende Fragilitätsmodelle innerhalb eines probabilistischen Rahmens wiederzuverwenden. Derselbe Ansatz wird in Kapitel 6 verfolgt, um die wahrscheinlichen kumulativen Schäden zu prognostizieren, denen ein Gebäudebestand ausgesetzt sein wird, der sich in einer vulkanischen Umgebung mit mehreren Gefahren (Aschefall und Lahare) befindet. In diesem Abschnitt wurde besonderes Augenmerk auf die Art und Weise gelegt, wie die prognostizierten Verlustmetriken an lokal exponierte Gemeinden kommuniziert werden. Koexistierende quantitative wissenschaftliche Ansätze (d. h. umfassende Expositionsmodelle; explorative Risikoszenarien mit Einzel- und Mehrfachgefahren) und semiqualitative soziale Risikowahrnehmung (d. h. Grad des Verständnisses, das die exponierten Gemeinschaften über ihr eigenes Risiko haben) wurden gemeinsam berücksichtigt. Eine solche Integration ermöglichte es dieser Arbeit schließlich auch, zur Verbesserung der Bereitschaft, der wissenschaftlichen Verbreitung auf lokaler Ebene sowie zu Technologietransferinitiativen beizutragen. Abschließend wird eine Zusammenfassung dieser These zusammen mit einigen Perspektiven für Verbesserungen und zukünftige Arbeiten präsentiert. KW - exposure KW - multi-hazard KW - risk analysis KW - risk communication KW - uncertainty analysis KW - tsunami risk KW - spatial aggregation KW - seismic risk KW - Expositionsmodellen KW - Multi-Hazard KW - Risikoanalyse KW - Risikokommunikation KW - seismisches Risiko KW - räumliche Aggregation KW - Tsunami-Risiko KW - Unsicherheitsanalyse Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-586140 ER - TY - THES A1 - Herrero Alonso, Yohana T1 - Properties of high-redshift galaxies in different environments T1 - Eigenschaften von Galaxien mit hoher Rotverschiebung in verschiedenen Umgebungen N2 - The Lyman-𝛼 (Ly𝛼) line commonly assists in the detection of high-redshift galaxies, the so-called Lyman-alpha emitters (LAEs). LAEs are useful tools to study the baryonic matter distribution of the high-redshift universe. Exploring their spatial distribution not only reveals the large-scale structure of the universe at early epochs, but it also provides an insight into the early formation and evolution of the galaxies we observe today. Because dark matter halos (DMHs) serve as sites of galaxy formation, the LAE distribution also traces that of the underlying dark matter. However, the details of this relation and their co-evolution over time remain unclear. Moreover, theoretical studies predict that the spatial distribution of LAEs also impacts their own circumgalactic medium (CGM) by influencing their extended Ly𝛼 gaseous halos (LAHs), whose origin is still under investigation. In this thesis, I make several contributions to improve the knowledge on these fields using samples of LAEs observed with the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) at redshifts of 3 < 𝑧 < 6. N2 - Die Lyman-𝛼 (Ly𝛼)-Linie erleichtert die Detektion von Galaxien bei hoher Rotverschiebung, sogenannten den Lyman-Alpha-Emittern (LAEs). Die Erforschung ihrer Verteilung enthüllt nicht nur die großräumige Struktur des Universums in frühen Epochen, sondern bietet auch einen Einblick in die Entstehung und Entwicklung der Galaxien, die wir heute beobachten. Da Halos aus Dunkler Materie (DMHs) als Orte der Galaxienentstehung dienen, spiegelt die LAE-Verteilung auch die der zugrunde liegenden Dunklen Materie wider. Darüber hinaus sagen theoretische Studien voraus, dass die Verteilung von LAEs auch Auswirkungen auf ihr eigenes zirkumgalaktisches Medium (CGM) hat, indem sie ihre ausgedehnten gasförmigen Ly𝛼-Halos (LAHs) beeinflusst. In dieser Dissertation leiste ich mehrere Beiträge zur Verbesserung des Wissens über diese Felder anhand von Stichproben von LAEs, die mit dem Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) bei Rotverschiebungen von 3 < 𝑧 < 6 beobachtet wurden. KW - high-redshift KW - Lyman-alpha emitters KW - clustering KW - large-scale structure KW - Lyman-Alpha-Emitter KW - Clustering KW - hoher Rotverschiebung KW - großräumige Struktur des Universums Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-613288 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wetzel, Johanna M. A1 - Reed, Kate A1 - Schenck, Marcia C. T1 - "Writing with my professors” BT - contesting the boundaries of the field in the Global History Dialogues Project T2 - Writing Together: Kollaboratives Schreiben mit Personen aus dem Feld N2 - Kollaboratives Forschen quer zu hegemonialen Wissensordnungen gilt als wichtiger Baustein dekolonialer Wissenspraxis. Gemeinsame Schreibprozesse von Wissenschaftler*innen und ihren nicht-wissenschaftlichen Forschungspartner*innen sind allerdings selten und eine methodologische und forschungspraktische Reflexion fehlt. Die Beiträger*innen widmen sich diesen Lücken, indem sie erfolgreiche, aber auch gescheiterte Projekte kollaborativer Textproduktion zwischen Universität und Feld vorstellen und auf ihr Potenzial als transformative und dekoloniale Wissenspraxis befragen. So entsteht eine praktische Orientierungshilfe, die gleichzeitig die interdisziplinäre Diskussion anregt. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-8394-6399-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.14361/9783839463994-002 VL - 45 SP - 31 EP - 53 PB - Transcript Verlag CY - Bielefeld ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gaulan, Yael A1 - Marmorstein, Michal A1 - Kampf, Zohar T1 - “Say, are you a little ashamed?” BT - shame allocation and accountability in Israeli news interviews JF - Discourse, context & media N2 - In light of the growing emotionalization of public discourse, this article deals with the action of shame allocation in Israeli accountability interviews. A qualitative analysis of tokens of the Hebrew verb lehitbayesh ‘to be ashamed’ in political interviews was conducted using Discursive Psychology and Conversation Analysis methods. The findings show that in this public context the verb lehitbayesh is mostly not used to convey an emotional state, nor can its meaning be explained by the classic theoretical conceptualization of shame. Instead, lehitbayesh is mobilized to allocate shame to another actor, and portrays the allocator as morally superior and as someone who sacrifices for what is right. Lehitbayesh is part of the negotiations between journalists and politicians over the question of who is accountable for a transgressive act, what the desired response is, and who the relevant audience for the moral lesson is. KW - accountability interviews KW - conversation analysis KW - discursive psychology KW - emotion discourse KW - moral discourse KW - shame Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcm.2023.100742 SN - 2211-6958 VL - 56 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Fliessbach, Jan T1 - The intonation of expectations BT - on marked declaratives, exclamatives, and discourse particles in Castilian Spanish N2 - This book provides a new perspective on prosodically marked declaratives, wh-exclamatives, and discourse particles in the Madrid variety of Spanish. It argues that some marked forms differ from unmarked forms in that they encode modal evaluations of the at-issue meaning. Two epistemic evaluations that can be shown to be encoded by intonation in Spanish are obviousness and mirativity, which present the at-issue meaning as expected and unexpected, respectively. An empirical investigation via a production experiment finds that they are associated with distinct intonational features under constant focus scope, with stances of (dis)agreement showing an impact on obvious declaratives. Wh-exclamatives are found not to differ significantly in intonational marking from neutral declaratives, showing that they need not be miratives. Moreover, we find that intonational marking on different discourse particles in natural dialogue correlates with their meaning contribution without being fully determined by it. In part, these findings quantitatively confirm previous qualitative findings on the meaning of intonational configurations in Madrid Spanish. But they also add new insights on the role intonation plays in the negotiation of commitments and expectations between interlocutors. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-96110-413-0 SN - 978-3-98554-071-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7929375 SN - 2940-1100 SN - 2940-1097 PB - Language Science Press CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Metzger, Jan T1 - Refined position estimates for surfaces of Willmore type in Riemannian manifolds JF - Communications in analysis and geometry N2 - In this paper we consider surfaces which are critical points of the Willmore functional subject to constrained area. In the case of small area we calculate the corrections to the intrinsic geometry induced by the ambient curvature. These estimates together with the choice of an adapted geometric center of mass lead to refined position estimates in relation to the scalar curvature of the ambient manifold. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4310/CAG.2022.v30.n10.a5 SN - 1019-8385 SN - 1944-9992 VL - 30 IS - 10 SP - 2315 EP - 2346 PB - International Press of Boston CY - Somerville, Mass. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schell, Mareike A1 - Wardelmann, Kristina A1 - Hauffe, Robert A1 - Rath, Michaela A1 - Chopra, Simran A1 - Kleinridders, André T1 - Lactobacillus rhamnosus sex-specifically attenuates depressive-like behavior and mitigates metabolic consequences in obesity JF - Biological psychiatry: global open science N2 - BACKGROUND: Patients with diabetes exhibit an increased prevalence for emotional disorders compared with healthy humans, partially due to a shared pathogenesis including hormone resistance and inflammation, which is also linked to intestinal dysbiosis. The preventive intake of probiotic lactobacilli has been shown to improve dysbiosis along with mood and metabolism. Yet, a potential role of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus 0030) (LR) in improving emotional behavior in established obesity and the underlying mechanisms are unknown. METHODS: Female and male C57BL/6N mice were fed a low-fat diet (10% kcal from fat) or high-fat diet (HFD) (45% kcal from fat) for 6 weeks, followed by daily oral gavage of vehicle or 1 3 10 8 colony-forming units of LR, and assessment of anxiety- and depressive-like behavior. Cecal microbiota composition was analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid were collected for metabolomic analysis, and gene expression of different brain areas was assessed using reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: We observed that 12 weeks of HFD feeding induced hyperinsulinemia, which was attenuated by LR application only in female mice. On the contrary, HFD-fed male mice exhibited increased anxiety- and depressive-like behavior, where the latter was specifically attenuated by LR application, which was independent of metabolic changes. Furthermore, LR application restored the HFD-induced decrease of tyrosine hydroxylase, along with normalizing cholecystokinin gene expression in dopaminergic brain regions; both tyrosine hydroxylase and cholecystokinin are involved in signaling pathways impacting emotional disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that LR attenuates depressive-like behavior after established obesity, with changes in the dopaminergic system in male mice, and mitigates hyperinsulinemia in obese female mice. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.02.011 SN - 2667-1743 VL - 3 IS - 4 SP - 651 EP - 662 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Brandenburger, Bonny A1 - Brüsch, Julia A1 - Voigt, Maximilian A1 - Busch, Magnus T1 - Towards an open hardware process model for long-term sustainability T2 - ECIS 2023 research-in-progress papers N2 - The rise of open source models for software and hardware development has catalyzed the debate regarding sustainable business models. Open Source Software has already become a dominant part in the software industry, whereas Open Source Hardware is still a little-researched phenomenon but has the potential to do the same to manufacturing in a wide range of products. This article addresses this potential by introducing a research design to analyze the prototyping phase of six different Open Source Hardware projects tackling ecological, social, and economical challenges. Using a design science research methodology, a process model is developed to concretise the prototype development steps. The prototype phase is important because it is where fundamental decisions are made that affect the openness of the final product. This paper aims to advance the discourse on open production as a concept that enables companies to apply the aspect of openness towards collaboration-oriented and sustainable business models. KW - open hardware KW - prototyping process KW - co-creation KW - documentation KW - sustainable product development Y1 - 2023 UR - https://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2023_rip/77 SP - 1428 EP - 1439 PB - Association for Information Systems (AIS) CY - Atlanta, GA ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sixtus, Elena A1 - Lindner, Nadja A1 - Lohse, Karoline A1 - Lonnemann, Jan T1 - Investigating the influence of body movements on children's mental arithmetic performance JF - Acta psychologica : international journal of psychonomics N2 - Several lines of research have demonstrated spatial-numerical associations in both adults and children, which are thought to be based on a spatial representation of numerical information in the form of a mental number line. The acquisition of increasingly precise mental number line representations is assumed to support arithmetic learning in children. It is further suggested that sensorimotor experiences shape the development of number concepts and arithmetic learning, and that mental arithmetic can be characterized as “motion along a path” and might constitute shifts in attention along the mental number line. The present study investigated whether movements in physical space influence mental arithmetic in primary school children, and whether the expected effect depends on concurrency of body movements and mental arithmetic. After turning their body towards the left or right, 48 children aged 8 to 10 years solved simple subtraction and addition problems. Meanwhile, they either walked or stood still and looked towards the respective direction. We report a congruency effect between body orientation and operation type, i.e., higher performance for the combinations leftward orientation and subtraction and rightward orientation and addition. We found no significant difference between walking and looking conditions. The present results suggest that mental arithmetic in children is influenced by preceding sensorimotor cues and not necessarily by concurrent body movements. KW - Mental number line KW - Horizontal space KW - Embodied cognition KW - Arithmetic skills Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104003 SN - 0001-6918 SN - 1873-6297 VL - 239 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heide, Judith A1 - Netzebandt, Jonka A1 - Ahrens, Stine A1 - Brüsch, Julia A1 - Saalfrank, Teresa A1 - Schmitz-Antonischki, Dorit T1 - Improving lexical retrieval with LingoTalk BT - an app-based, self-administered treatment for clients with aphasia JF - Frontiers in communication N2 - Introduction LingoTalk is a German speech-language app designed to enhance lexical retrieval in individuals with aphasia. It incorporates automatic speech recognition (ASR) to provide therapist-independent feedback. The execution and effectiveness of a self-administered intervention with LingoTalk was explored in a case series study. Methods Three individuals with chronic aphasia participated in a highly individualized, supervised self-administered intervention lasting 3 weeks. The LingoTalk app closely monitored the frequency, intensity and progress of the intervention. Treatment efficacy was assessed using a multiple baseline design, examining both item-specific treatment effects and generalization to untreated items, an untreated task, and spontaneous speech. Results All participants successfully completed the intervention with LingoTalk, although one participant was not able to use the ASR feature. None of the participants fully adhered to the treatment protocol. All participants demonstrated significant and sustained improvement in the naming of practiced items, although there was limited evidence of generalization. Additionally, there was a slight reduction in word-finding difficulties during spontaneous speech. Discussion This small-scale study indicates that self-administered intervention with LingoTalk can improve oral naming of treated items. Thus, it has the potential to complement face-to-face speech-language therapy, such as within in a “flipped speech room” approach. The choice of feedback mode is discussed. Transparent progress monitoring of the intervention appears to positively influence patients' motivation. KW - aphasi KW - anomia KW - lexical retrieva KW - oral naming KW - app-based intervention KW - self-training KW - automatic speech recognition (ASR) KW - LingoTalk Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2023.1210193 SN - 2297-900X VL - 8 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rosenblum, Michael A1 - Pikovsky, Arkady T1 - Inferring connectivity of an oscillatory network via the phase dynamics reconstruction JF - Frontiers in network physiology N2 - We review an approach for reconstructing oscillatory networks’ undirected and directed connectivity from data. The technique relies on inferring the phase dynamics model. The central assumption is that we observe the outputs of all network nodes. We distinguish between two cases. In the first one, the observed signals represent smooth oscillations, while in the second one, the data are pulse-like and can be viewed as point processes. For the first case, we discuss estimating the true phase from a scalar signal, exploiting the protophase-to-phase transformation. With the phases at hand, pairwise and triplet synchronization indices can characterize the undirected connectivity. Next, we demonstrate how to infer the general form of the coupling functions for two or three oscillators and how to use these functions to quantify the directional links. We proceed with a different treatment of networks with more than three nodes. We discuss the difference between the structural and effective phase connectivity that emerges due to high-order terms in the coupling functions. For the second case of point-process data, we use the instants of spikes to infer the phase dynamics model in the Winfree form directly. This way, we obtain the network’s coupling matrix in the first approximation in the coupling strength. KW - oscillations KW - network KW - connectivity KW - data analysis KW - phase reduction Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnetp.2023.1298228 SN - 2674-0109 VL - 3 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Konak, Orhan A1 - van de Water, Robin A1 - Döring, Valentin A1 - Fiedler, Tobias A1 - Liebe, Lucas A1 - Masopust, Leander A1 - Postnov, Kirill A1 - Sauerwald, Franz A1 - Treykorn, Felix A1 - Wischmann, Alexander A1 - Gjoreski, Hristijan A1 - Luštrek, Mitja A1 - Arnrich, Bert T1 - HARE BT - unifying the human activity recognition engineering workflow JF - Sensors N2 - Sensor-based human activity recognition is becoming ever more prevalent. The increasing importance of distinguishing human movements, particularly in healthcare, coincides with the advent of increasingly compact sensors. A complex sequence of individual steps currently characterizes the activity recognition pipeline. It involves separate data collection, preparation, and processing steps, resulting in a heterogeneous and fragmented process. To address these challenges, we present a comprehensive framework, HARE, which seamlessly integrates all necessary steps. HARE offers synchronized data collection and labeling, integrated pose estimation for data anonymization, a multimodal classification approach, and a novel method for determining optimal sensor placement to enhance classification results. Additionally, our framework incorporates real-time activity recognition with on-device model adaptation capabilities. To validate the effectiveness of our framework, we conducted extensive evaluations using diverse datasets, including our own collected dataset focusing on nursing activities. Our results show that HARE’s multimodal and on-device trained model outperforms conventional single-modal and offline variants. Furthermore, our vision-based approach for optimal sensor placement yields comparable results to the trained model. Our work advances the field of sensor-based human activity recognition by introducing a comprehensive framework that streamlines data collection and classification while offering a novel method for determining optimal sensor placement. KW - human activity recognition KW - multimodal classification KW - privacy preservation KW - real-time classification KW - sensor placement Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239571 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 23 IS - 23 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blaser, Berenike Lisa A1 - Weymar, Mathias A1 - Wendt, Julia T1 - The effect of a single-session heart rate variability biofeedback on attentional control BT - does stress matter? JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Introduction Vagally mediated heart rate variability is an index of autonomic nervous system activity that is associated with a large variety of outcome variables including psychopathology and self-regulation. While practicing heart rate variability biofeedback over several weeks has been reliably associated with a number of positive outcomes, its acute effects are not well known. As the strongest association with vagally mediated heart rate variability has been found particularly within the attention-related subdomain of self-regulation, we investigated the acute effect of heart rate variability biofeedback on attentional control using the revised Attention Network Test. Methods Fifty-six participants were tested in two sessions. In one session each participant received a heart rate variability biofeedback intervention, and in the other session a control intervention of paced breathing at a normal ventilation rate. After the biofeedback or control intervention, participants completed the Attention Network Test using the Orienting Score as a measure of attentional control. Results Mixed models revealed that higher resting baseline vagally mediated heart rate variability was associated with better performance in attentional control, which suggests more efficient direction of attention to target stimuli. There was no significant main effect of the intervention on attentional control. However, an interaction effect indicated better performance in attentional control after biofeedback in individuals who reported higher current stress levels. Discussion The results point to acute beneficial effects of heart rate variability biofeedback on cognitive performance in highly stressed individuals. Although promising, the results need to be replicated in larger or more targeted samples in order to reach stronger conclusions about the effects. KW - attention KW - self-regulation KW - heart rate variability KW - biofeedback KW - cognitive control KW - stress KW - vagal tone KW - slow-paced breathing Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1292983 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 14 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Langary, Damoun A1 - Küken, Anika A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran T1 - The effective deficiency of biochemical networks JF - Scientific reports N2 - The deficiency of a (bio)chemical reaction network can be conceptually interpreted as a measure of its ability to support exotic dynamical behavior and/or multistationarity. The classical definition of deficiency relates to the capacity of a network to permit variations of the complex formation rate vector at steady state, irrespective of the network kinetics. However, the deficiency is by definition completely insensitive to the fine details of the directionality of reactions as well as bounds on reaction fluxes. While the classical definition of deficiency can be readily applied in the analysis of unconstrained, weakly reversible networks, it only provides an upper bound in the cases where relevant constraints on reaction fluxes are imposed. Here we propose the concept of effective deficiency, which provides a more accurate assessment of the network’s capacity to permit steady state variations at the complex level for constrained networks of any reversibility patterns. The effective deficiency relies on the concept of nonstoichiometric balanced complexes, which we have already shown to be present in real-world biochemical networks operating under flux constraints. Our results demonstrate that the effective deficiency of real-world biochemical networks is smaller than the classical deficiency, indicating the effects of reaction directionality and flux bounds on the variation of the complex formation rate vector at steady state. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-41767-1 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 13 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sammoud, Senda A1 - Bouguezzi, Raja A1 - Uthoff, Aaron A1 - Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo A1 - Moran, Jason A1 - Negra, Yassine A1 - Hachana, Younes A1 - Chaabene, Helmi T1 - The effects of backward vs. forward running training on measures of physical fitness in young female handball players JF - Frontiers in sports and active living N2 - Introduction This study examined the effects of an 8-week backward running (BR) vs. forward running (FR) training programmes on measures of physical fitness in young female handball players. Methods Twenty-nine players participated in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to a FR training group, BR training group, and a control group. Results and discussion Within-group analysis indicated significant, small-to-large improvements in all performance tests (effect size [g] = 0.36 to 1.80), except 5-m forward sprint-time in the BR group and 5- and 10-m forward sprint-time in the FR group. However, the CG significantly decreased forward sprint performance over 10-m and 20-m (g = 0.28 to 0.50) with no changes in the other fitness parameters. No significant differences in the amount of change scores between the BR and FR groups were noted. Both training interventions have led to similar improvements in measures of muscle power, change of direction (CoD) speed, sprint speed either forward or backward, and repeated sprint ability (RSA) in young female handball players, though BR training may have a small advantage over FR training for 10-m forward sprint time and CoD speed, while FR training may provide small improvements over BR training for RSAbest. Practitioners are advised to consider either FR or BR training to improve various measures of physical fitness in young female handball players. KW - team sports KW - athletic performance KW - motor activity KW - youth sports KW - sports medicine Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2023.1244369 SN - 2624-9367 VL - 5 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Angenendt, Steffen A1 - Koch, Anne A1 - Tjaden, Jasper T1 - Predicting irregular migration BT - SWP research paper T2 - high hopes, meagre results N2 - German and European migration policy operates in permanent crisis mode. Sudden increases in irregular immigration create a sense of loss of control, which is instrumentalised by populist forces. This has generated great interest in quantitative migration predictions. High expectations are placed in the AI-based tools currently under devel­op­ment for forecasting irregular migration. The potential applications of these tools are manifold. They range from managing and strengthening the EU's reception capacity and border protections to configuring humanitarian aid provision and longer-term planning of development programmes. There is a significant gap between the expectations placed in the new instruments and their practical utility. Technical limits exist, medium-term forecasts are methodologically implausible, and channels for feeding the results into political decision-making processes are lacking. The great demand for predictions is driven by the political functions of migration prediction, which include its uses in political communication, funding acquisition and legitimisation of political decisions. Investment in the quality of the underlying data will be more productive than developing a succession of new prediction tools. Funding for applications in emergency relief and development cooperation should be prioritised. Crisis early warning and risk analysis should also be strengthened and their networking improved. KW - Migration KW - Migrationspolitik KW - Wanderungsprognosen KW - Vorhersage KW - Vorausschau KW - displacement forecasting KW - Krisenfrüherkennung KW - Risikoanalyse KW - Künstliche Intelligenz KW - maschinelles Lernen KW - Agentenbasierte Modellierung KW - predicting irregular migration KW - forecast KW - quantitative migration prediction KW - UNHCR KW - IOM KW - Frontex Risk Analysis Network (FRAN) KW - Common Integrated Risk Analysis Model (CIRAM) KW - Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC) KW - Frontex KW - Pact on Migration and Asylum Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18449/2023RP11 SN - 2747-5123 SN - 1863-1053 VL - 11 PB - Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP) CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Quarmby, Andrew A1 - Zhang, Martin A1 - Geisler, Moritz A1 - Javorsky, Tomas A1 - Mugele, Hendrik A1 - Cassel, Michael A1 - Lawley, Justin T1 - Risk factors and injury prevention strategies for overuse injuries in adult climbers BT - a systematic review JF - Frontiers in sports and active living N2 - Introduction Climbing is an increasingly popular activity and imposes specific physiological demands on the human body, which results in unique injury presentations. Of particular concern are overuse injuries (non-traumatic injuries). These injuries tend to present in the upper body and might be preventable with adequate knowledge of risk factors which could inform about injury prevention strategies. Research in this area has recently emerged but has yet to be synthesized comprehensively. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the potential risk factors and injury prevention strategies for overuse injuries in adult climbers. Methods This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Databases were searched systematically, and articles were deemed eligible based upon specific criteria. Research included was original and peer-reviewed, involving climbers, and published in English, German or Czech. Outcomes included overuse injury, and at least one or more variable indicating potential risk factors or injury prevention strategies. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed with the Downs and Black Quality Index. Data were extracted from included studies and reported descriptively for population, climbing sport type, study design, injury definition and incidence/prevalence, risk factors, and injury prevention strategies. Results Out of 1,183 records, a total of 34 studies were included in the final analysis. Higher climbing intensity, bouldering, reduced grip/finger strength, use of a “crimp” grip, and previous injury were associated with an increased risk of overuse injury. Additionally, a strength training intervention prevented shoulder and elbow injuries. BMI/body weight, warm up/cool downs, stretching, taping and hydration were not associated with risk of overuse injury. The evidence for the risk factors of training volume, age/years of climbing experience, and sex was conflicting. Discussion This review presents several risk factors which appear to increase the risk of overuse injury in climbers. Strength and conditioning, load management, and climbing technique could be targeted in injury prevention programs, to enhance the health and wellbeing of climbing athletes. Further research is required to investigate the conflicting findings reported across included studies, and to investigate the effectiveness of injury prevention programs. Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/, PROSPERO (CRD42023404031). KW - climbing KW - bouldering KW - overuse injuries KW - risk factors KW - injury prevention KW - systematic reveiw KW - climbing injuries Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2023.1269870 SN - 2624-9367 VL - 5 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bürger, Gerd A1 - Heistermann, Maik T1 - Shallow and deep learning of extreme rainfall events from convective atmospheres JF - Natural hazards and earth system sciences : NHESS N2 - Our subject is a new catalogue of radar-based heavy rainfall events (CatRaRE) over Germany and how it relates to the concurrent atmospheric circulation. We classify daily ERA5 fields of convective indices according to CatRaRE, using an array of 13 statistical methods, consisting of 4 conventional (“shallow”) and 9 more recent deep machine learning (DL) algorithms; the classifiers are then applied to corresponding fields of simulated present and future atmospheres from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) project. The inherent uncertainty of the DL results from the stochastic nature of their optimization is addressed by employing an ensemble approach using 20 runs for each network. The shallow random forest method performs best with an equitable threat score (ETS) around 0.52, followed by the DL networks ALL-CNN and ResNet with an ETS near 0.48. Their success can be understood as a result of conceptual simplicity and parametric parsimony, which obviously best fits the relatively simple classification task. It is found that, on summer days, CatRaRE convective atmospheres over Germany occur with a probability of about 0.5. This probability is projected to increase, regardless of method, both in ERA5-reanalyzed and CORDEX-simulated atmospheres: for the historical period we find a centennial increase of about 0.2 and for the future period one of slightly below 0.1. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3065-2023 SN - 1561-8633 SN - 1684-9981 VL - 23 IS - 9 SP - 3065 EP - 3077 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - THES A1 - Margraf, Johannes T. T1 - Science-driven chemical machine learning Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Giesen, Michael T1 - Framing gender-based violence in multi-level contexts BT - a networked approach to studying adoption of the Istanbul Convention JF - European journal of politics and gender N2 - International institutions are an essential driving force of contemporary policies to combat gender-based violence but remain toothless if political actors do not implement them in domestic policies. How can scholars conceptualise the transposition of international gender-based violence norms into domestic policies? I argue that discourse network analysis provides a powerful conceptual and methodological extension of critical frame analysis to understand how frames shape the meaning of gender-based violence norms in multi-level institutional contexts. Frames’ normative and cognitive network structure invites combining discourse network and frame analysis techniques that locate frames’ power in their ability to connect different institutional spheres temporally and spatially. I outline a multi-level research agenda that traces the framing processes of international norms and their domestic implementation through gender-based violence policies in the Council of Europe’s Istanbul Convention. This agenda includes avenues to study how complex transnational policy frameworks like the Istanbul Convention play out in domestic policy implementation. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1332/251510821X16693059192022 SN - 2515-1088 SN - 2515-1096 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 76 EP - 91 PB - Bristol University Press CY - Bristol ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wortmann, Hanna Rosalie A1 - Gisch, Ulrike Alexandra A1 - Bergmann, Manuela M. A1 - Warschburger, Petra T1 - Exploring the longitudinal stability of food neophilia and dietary quality and their prospective relationship in older adults BT - a cross-lagged panel analysis N2 - Poor dietary quality is a major cause of morbidity, making the promotion of healthy eating a societal priority. Older adults are a critical target group for promoting healthy eating to enable healthy aging. One factor suggested to promote healthy eating is the willingness to try unfamiliar foods, referred to as food neophilia. This two-wave longitudinal study explored the stability of food neophilia and dietary quality and their prospective relationship over three years, analyzing self-reported data from N = 960 older adults (MT1 = 63.4, range = 50–84) participating in the NutriAct Family Study (NFS) in a cross-lagged panel design. Dietary quality was rated using the NutriAct diet score, based on the current evidence for chronic disease prevention. Food neophilia was measured using the Variety Seeking Tendency Scale. The analyses revealed high a longitudinal stability of both constructs and a small positive cross-sectional correlation between them. Food neophilia had no prospective effect on dietary quality, whereas a very small positive prospective effect of dietary quality on food neophilia was found. Our findings give initial insights into the positive relation of food neophilia and a health-promoting diet in aging and underscore the need for more in-depth research, e.g., on the constructs’ developmental trajectories and potential critical windows of opportunity for promoting food neophilia. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 839 KW - food neophilia KW - dietary quality KW - NutriAct Family Study KW - cross-lagged panel analysis KW - healthy eating Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-589134 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 839 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Vladova, Gergana A1 - Ullrich, André A1 - Sultanow, Eldar A1 - Tobolla, Marinho A1 - Sebrak, Sebastian A1 - Czarnecki, Christian A1 - Brockmann, Carsten ED - Klein, Maike ED - Krupka, Daniel ED - Winter, Cornelia ED - Wohlgemuth, Volker T1 - Visual analytics for knowledge management BT - advantages for organizations and interorganizational teams T2 - Informatik 2023 N2 - The management of knowledge in organizations considers both established long-term processes and cooperation in agile project teams. Since knowledge can be both tacit and explicit, its transfer from the individual to the organizational knowledge base poses a challenge in organizations. This challenge increases when the fluctuation of knowledge carriers is exceptionally high. Especially in large projects in which external consultants are involved, there is a risk that critical, company-relevant knowledge generated in the project will leave the company with the external knowledge carrier and thus be lost. In this paper, we show the advantages of an early warning system for knowledge management to avoid this loss. In particular, the potential of visual analytics in the context of knowledge management systems is presented and discussed. We present a project for the development of a business-critical software system and discuss the first implementations and results. KW - knowledge management KW - visual analytics KW - knowledge transfer KW - teamwork KW - knowledge management system KW - tacit knowledge KW - explicit knowledge Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-88579-731-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18420/inf2023_187 SN - 1617-5468 SP - 1851 EP - 1870 PB - Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. (GI) CY - Bonn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wortmann, Hanna Rosalie A1 - Gisch, Ulrike Alexandra A1 - Bergmann, Manuela M. A1 - Warschburger, Petra T1 - Exploring the longitudinal stability of food neophilia and dietary quality and their prospective relationship in older adults BT - a cross-lagged panel analysis JF - Nutrients N2 - Poor dietary quality is a major cause of morbidity, making the promotion of healthy eating a societal priority. Older adults are a critical target group for promoting healthy eating to enable healthy aging. One factor suggested to promote healthy eating is the willingness to try unfamiliar foods, referred to as food neophilia. This two-wave longitudinal study explored the stability of food neophilia and dietary quality and their prospective relationship over three years, analyzing self-reported data from N = 960 older adults (MT1 = 63.4, range = 50–84) participating in the NutriAct Family Study (NFS) in a cross-lagged panel design. Dietary quality was rated using the NutriAct diet score, based on the current evidence for chronic disease prevention. Food neophilia was measured using the Variety Seeking Tendency Scale. The analyses revealed high a longitudinal stability of both constructs and a small positive cross-sectional correlation between them. Food neophilia had no prospective effect on dietary quality, whereas a very small positive prospective effect of dietary quality on food neophilia was found. Our findings give initial insights into the positive relation of food neophilia and a health-promoting diet in aging and underscore the need for more in-depth research, e.g., on the constructs’ developmental trajectories and potential critical windows of opportunity for promoting food neophilia. KW - food neophilia KW - dietary quality KW - NutriAct Family Study KW - cross-lagged panel analysis KW - healthy eating Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15051248 SN - 2072-6643 VL - 15 IS - 5 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Herlo, Bianca A1 - Ullrich, André A1 - Vladova, Gergana T1 - Sustainable digital sovereignty BT - interdependencies between sustainable digitalization and digital sovereignty T2 - Weizenbaum series N2 - This study is dedicated to the interdependencies between digital sovereignty and sustainable digitalization, which need to be explicitly linked to an increasing degree in political discourse, academia, and societal debates. Digital skills are the prerequisites for shaping digitalization in the interest of society and sustainable development. KW - digital sovereignty Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.34669/WI.WS/32 SN - 2748-5587 VL - 32 PB - Weizenbaum Institute for the Networked Society - the German Internet Institute CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vladova, Gergana A1 - Ullrich, André A1 - Sloane, Mona A1 - Renz, André A1 - Tsui, Eric T1 - Editorial: new teaching and learning worlds BT - potentials and limitations of digitalization for innovative and sustainable research and practice in education and training JF - Frontiers in education KW - creativity KW - design thinking KW - digital education KW - 21st century skills KW - open education KW - virtual education Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1175498 SN - 2504-284X VL - 8 SP - 1 EP - 3 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dijkstra, Hylke A1 - Debre, Maria Josepha A1 - Heinkelmann-Wild, Tim T1 - Governance abhors a vacuum BT - the afterlives of major international organisations JF - The British journal of politics & international relations N2 - International organisations have become increasingly contested resulting in worries about their decline and termination. While international organisation termination is indeed a regular event in international relations, this article shows that other institutions carry the legacy of terminated international organisations. We develop the novel concept of international organisation afterlife and suggest indicators to systematically assess it. Our analysis of 26 major terminated international organisations reveals legal-institutional and asset continuity in 21 cases. To further illustrate this point, the article zooms in on the afterlife of the International Institute of Agriculture in the Food and Agriculture Organization, the International Refugee Organization in the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, and the Western European Union in the European Union. In these three cases, international organisation afterlife inspired and structured the design of their successor institutions. While specific international organisations might be terminated, international cooperation therefore often lives on in other institutions. KW - death KW - institutional theory KW - international organisations KW - termination Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/13691481231202642 SN - 1369-1481 SN - 1467-856X PB - Sage CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hagemann, Linus A1 - Abramova, Olga T1 - Emotions and information diffusion on social media BT - a replication in the context of political communication on Twitter JF - AIS transactions on replication research N2 - This paper presents a methodological and conceptual replication of Stieglitz and Dang-Xuan’s (2013) investigation of the role of sentiment in information-sharing behavior on social media. Whereas Stieglitz and Dang-Xuan (2013) focused on Twitter communication prior to the state parliament elections in the German states Baden-Wurttemberg, Rheinland-Pfalz, and Berlin in 2011, we test their theoretical propositions in the context of the state parliament elections in Saxony-Anhalt (Germany) 2021. We confirm the positive link between sentiment in a political Twitter message and its number of retweets in a methodological replication. In a conceptual replication, where sentiment was assessed with the alternative dictionary-based tool LIWC, the sentiment was negatively associated with the retweet volume. In line with the original study, the strength of association between sentiment and retweet time lag insignificantly differs between tweets with negative sentiment and tweets with positive sentiment. We also found that the number of an author’s followers was an essential determinant of sharing behavior. However, two hypotheses supported in the original study did not hold for our sample. Precisely, the total amount of sentiments was insignificantly linked to the time lag to the first retweet. Finally, in our data, we do not observe that the association between the overall sentiment and retweet quantity is stronger for tweets with negative sentiment than for those with positive sentiment. KW - Twitter KW - information diffusion KW - sentiment KW - elections Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17705/1atrr.00079 SN - 2473-3458 VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - AIS CY - Atlanta ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Esveld, Selma van A1 - Vries, Nardo de A1 - Becchetti, Sibilla A1 - Dopper, Sofia A1 - Valkenburg, Willem van A1 - Carlon, May Kristine Jonson A1 - Yokoi, Kensuke A1 - Gayed, John Maurice A1 - Suyama, Hiroshi A1 - Cross, Jeffrey Scott A1 - Jin, Tonje A1 - Xue, Wei A1 - Bruillard, Éric A1 - Steinbeck, Hendrik A1 - Meinel, Christoph A1 - Özdemir, Paker Doğu A1 - Can Bayer, Burak A1 - Mercan, Duygu A1 - Buyurucu, Gamze A1 - Haugsbakken, Halvdan A1 - Hagelia, Marianne A1 - Ebner, Martin A1 - Edelsbrunner, Sarah A1 - Hohla-Sejkora, Katharina A1 - Lipp, Silvia A1 - Schön, Sandra A1 - Xiaoxiao, Wang A1 - Shuangshuang, Guo A1 - Morales-Chan, Miguel A1 - Amado-Salvatierra, Héctor R. A1 - Hernández-Rizzardini, Rocael A1 - Egloffstein, Marc A1 - Hünemohr, Holger A1 - Ifenthaler, Dirk A1 - Dixon, Fred A1 - Trabucchi, Stefania A1 - Khaneboubi, Mehdi A1 - Giannatelli, Ada A1 - Tomasini, Alessandra A1 - Staubitz, Thomas A1 - Serth, Sebastian A1 - Thomas, Max A1 - Koschutnig-Ebner, Markus A1 - Rampelt, Florian A1 - Stetten, Alexander von A1 - Wittke, Andreas A1 - Theeraroungchaisri, Anuchai A1 - Thammetar, Thapanee A1 - Duangchinda, Vorasuang A1 - Khlaisang, Jintavee A1 - Mair, Bettina A1 - Steinkellner, Iris A1 - Stojcevic, Ivana A1 - Zwiauer, Charlotte A1 - Thirouard, Maria A1 - Villèsbrunne, Marie de la A1 - Bernaert, Oliver A1 - Nohr, Magnus A1 - Alario Hoyos, Carlos A1 - Delgado Kloos, Carlos A1 - Kiendl, Doris A1 - Terzieva, Liliya A1 - Concia, Francesca A1 - Distler, Petr A1 - Law, Gareth A1 - Macerata, Elena A1 - Mariani, Mario A1 - Mossini, Eros A1 - Negrin, Maddalena A1 - Štrok, Marko A1 - Neuböck, Kristina A1 - Linschinger, Nadine A1 - Lorenz, Anja A1 - Bock, Stefanie A1 - Schulte-Ostermann, Juleka A1 - Moura Santos, Ana A1 - Corti, Paola A1 - Costa, Luis Felipe Coimbra A1 - Utunen, Heini A1 - Attias, Melissa A1 - Tokar, Anna A1 - Kennedy, Eileen A1 - Laurillard, Diana A1 - Zeitoun, Samar A1 - Wasilewski, Julie A1 - Shlaka, Souhad A1 - Ouahib, Sara A1 - Berrada, Khalid A1 - Dietz, Michael A1 - Roth, Dennis ED - Meinel, Christoph ED - Schweiger, Stefanie ED - Staubitz, Thomas ED - Conrad, Robert ED - Alario Hoyos, Carlos ED - Ebner, Martin ED - Sancassani, Susanna ED - Żur, Agnieszka ED - Friedl, Christian ED - Halawa, Sherif ED - Gamage, Dilrukshi ED - Cross, Jeffrey ED - Jonson Carlon, May Kristine ED - Deville, Yves ED - Gaebel, Michael ED - Delgado Kloos, Carlos ED - von Schmieden, Karen T1 - EMOOCs 2023 BT - Post-Covid Prospects for Massive Open Online Courses - Boost or Backlash? N2 - From June 14 to June 16, 2023, Hasso Plattner Institute, Potsdam, hosted the eighth European MOOC Stakeholder Summit (EMOOCs 2023). The pandemic is fortunately over. It has once again shown how important digital education is. How well-prepared a country was could be seen in our schools, universities, and companies. In different countries, the problems manifested themselves differently. The measures and approaches to solving the problems varied accordingly. Digital education, whether micro-credentials, MOOCs, blended learning formats, or other e-learning tools, received a major boost. EMOOCs 2023 focusses on the effects of this emergency situation. How has it affected the development and delivery of MOOCs and other e-learning offerings all over Europe? Which projects can serve as models for successful digital learning and teaching? Which roles can MOOCs and micro-credentials bear in the current business transformation? Is there a backlash to the routine we knew from pre-Corona times? Or have many things become firmly established in the meantime, e.g. remote work, hybrid conferences, etc.? Furthermore, EMOOCs 2023 has a closer look at the development and formalization of digital learning. Micro-credentials are just the starting point. Further steps in this direction would be complete online study programs or full online universities. Another main topic is the networking of learning offers and the standardization of formats and metadata. Examples of fruitful cooperations are the MOOChub, the European MOOC Consortium, and the Common Micro-Credential Framework. The learnings, derived from practical experience and research, are explored in EMOOCs 2023 in four tracks and additional workshops, covering various aspects of this field. In this publication, we present papers from the conference’s Research & Experience Track, the Business Track and the International Track. N2 - Vom 14. bis 16. Juni 2023 fand am Hasso-Plattner-Institut in Potsdam der achte European MOOC Stakeholder Summit (EMOOCs 2023) statt. Die Pandemie ist zum Glück vorbei. Sie hat einmal mehr gezeigt, wie wichtig digitale Bildung ist. Wie gut ein Land darauf vorbereitet war, zeigte sich in unseren Schulen, Universitäten und Unternehmen. In den verschiedenen Ländern haben sich die Probleme unterschiedlich manifestiert. Entsprechend unterschiedlich waren auch die Maßnahmen und Lösungsansätze. Die digitale Bildung, ob Micro-Credentials, MOOCs, Blended-Learning-Formate oder andere E-Learning-Tools, erhielt einen großen Schub. EMOOCs 2023 befasst sich mit den Auswirkungen dieser Notsituation. Wie hat sie die Entwicklung und Bereitstellung von MOOCs und anderen E-Learning-Angeboten in ganz Europa beeinflusst? Welche Projekte können als Modelle für erfolgreiches digitales Lernen und Lehren dienen? Welche Rolle können MOOCs und Micro-Credentials bei der aktuellen Transformation der Wirtschaft spielen? Gibt es eine Rückbesinnung auf die Routine, die wir aus der Zeit vor Corona kennen? Oder haben sich viele Dinge inzwischen fest etabliert, z.B. Remote Work, hybride Konferenzen, etc. Darüber hinaus wirft EMOOCs 2023 einen genaueren Blick auf die Entwicklung und Formalisierung des digitalen Lernens. Microcredentials sind nur der Anfang. Weitere Schritte in diese Richtung wären komplette Online-Studiengänge oder vollständige Online-Universitäten. Ein weiteres Schwerpunktthema ist die Vernetzung von Lernangeboten und die Standardisierung von Formaten und Metadaten. Beispiele für fruchtbare Kooperationen sind der MOOChub, das European MOOC Consortium und das Common Micro-Credential Framework. Die aus der Praxis und der Forschung gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden auf der EMOOCs 2023 in vier Tracks und zusätzlichen Workshops zu verschiedenen Aspekten des Themas vertieft. In dieser Publikation stellen wir Beiträge aus dem Research & Experience Track, dem Business Track und dem International Track vor. KW - MOOC KW - digital education KW - e-learning KW - online course design KW - online course creation KW - micro-credential KW - micro degree KW - online teaching KW - MOOC KW - Onlinekurs KW - Digitale Bildung KW - Online-Lehre KW - Kursdesign KW - Onlinekurs-Produktion KW - Micro Degree Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-576450 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rösch, Nicolas A1 - Tiberius, Victor A1 - Kraus, Sascha T1 - Design thinking for innovation BT - Context factors, process, and outcomes T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Purpose – Design thinking has become an omnipresent process to foster innovativeness in various fields. Due to its popularity in both practice and theory, the number of publications has been growing rapidly. The authors aim to develop a research framework that reflects the current state of research and allows for the identification of research gaps. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conduct a systematic literature review based on 164 scholarly articles on design thinking. Findings – This study proposes a framework, which identifies individual and organizational context factors, the stages of a typical design thinking process with its underlying principles and tools, and the individual as well as organizational outcomes of a design thinking project. Originality/value – Whereas previous reviews focused on particular aspects of design thinking, such as its characteristics, the organizational culture as a context factor or its role on new product development, the authors provide a holistic overview of the current state of research. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 176 KW - context factors KW - design thinking KW - outcomes KW - process KW - systematic literature review Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-608341 SN - 1460-1060 SN - 1758-7115 SN - 1867-5808 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rösch, Nicolas A1 - Tiberius, Victor A1 - Kraus, Sascha T1 - Design thinking for innovation BT - context factors, process, and outcomes JF - European journal of innovation management N2 - Purpose – Design thinking has become an omnipresent process to foster innovativeness in various fields. Due to its popularity in both practice and theory, the number of publications has been growing rapidly. The authors aim to develop a research framework that reflects the current state of research and allows for the identification of research gaps. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conduct a systematic literature review based on 164 scholarly articles on design thinking. Findings – This study proposes a framework, which identifies individual and organizational context factors, the stages of a typical design thinking process with its underlying principles and tools, and the individual as well as organizational outcomes of a design thinking project. Originality/value – Whereas previous reviews focused on particular aspects of design thinking, such as its characteristics, the organizational culture as a context factor or its role on new product development, the authors provide a holistic overview of the current state of research. KW - context factors KW - design thinking KW - outcomes KW - process KW - systematic literature review Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-03-2022-0164 SN - 1460-1060 SN - 1758-7115 VL - 26 IS - 7 SP - 160 EP - 176 PB - Emerald CY - Bingley ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bouncken, Ricarda B. A1 - Tiberius, Victor T1 - Legitimacy processes and trajectories of co-prosumption services BT - Insights from coworking space T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Our study applies legitimacy theorizing to service research, zooming in on co-prosumption service business models, which reside on significant direct contacts among provider-actors and customers as well as fellow customers in the service space. Our findings are based on a longitudinal flexible pattern matching method on 17 coworking spaces. The service cocreation nuances the double role of customers as evaluators and cocreators of legitimacy. This is because customers can have immediate perceptions of the actions and values of the services in their legitimacy evaluation while cocreating the service. Legitimacy shaped via social and recursive processes occurs in three stages: provisional, calibrated, and affirmed legitimacy. Findings inform four trajectory mechanisms of value-in-use pattern provenance, emergent Business Model development adaptive to the spatial context and loyal customers, visible trances as well as inside-out and outside-in identification processes. Further, the processes in the micro-ecosystem of an interstitial service space can develop a superordinate logic which overlays the potentially present coopetive and heterogenous institutional logics and interests of service customers. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 175 KW - service business models KW - collective consumption context KW - co-creation KW - coworking spaces KW - flexible pattern matching approach Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-608214 SN - 1094-6705 SN - 1552-7379 SN - 1867-5808 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fischer-Preßler, Diana A1 - Marx, Julian A1 - Bunker, Deborah A1 - Stieglitz, Stefan A1 - Fischbach, Kai T1 - Social media information governance in multi-level organizations BT - how humanitarian organizations accrue social capital JF - Information and management N2 - Strategic social media use positively influences organizational goals such as the long-term accrual of social capital, and thus social media information governance has become an increasingly important organizational objective. It is particularly important for humanitarian nongovernmental organizations (HNGOs), whose work relies on accurate and timely information regarding socially altruistic behavior (donations, volunteerism, etc.). Despite the potential of social media for increasing social capital, tensions in governing social media information across an organization's different operational levels (regional, intermediate, and national) pose a difficult challenge. Prominent governance frameworks offer little guidance, as their focus on control and incremental policymaking is largely incompatible with the processes, roles, standards, and metrics needed for managing self-governing social media. This study offers a notion of dynamic and co-evolutionary process management of multi-level organizations as a means of conceptualizing social media information governance for the accrual of organizational social capital. Based on interviews with members of HNGOs, this study reveals tensions that emerge within eight focus areas of accruing social capital in multi-level organizations, explains how dynamic process management can ease those tensions, and proposes corresponding strategy recommendations. KW - social media KW - social capital KW - information governance KW - dynamic and co-evolutionary process management Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2023.103838 SN - 0378-7206 SN - 1872-7530 VL - 60 IS - 7 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Debre, Maria Josepha A1 - Dijkstra, Hylke T1 - Are international organisations in decline? BT - an absolute and relative perspective on institutional change JF - Global policy N2 - Many international organisations (IOs) are currently challenged, yet are they also in decline? Despite much debate on the crisis of liberal international order, con-testation, loss of legitimacy, gridlock, pathologies and exiting member states, there is little research on IO decline. This article seeks to clarify this concept and argues that decline can be considered in absolute and relative terms. Absolute decline involves a decrease in the number of IOs and their authority, member-ship and output, whereas relative decline concerns a decrease in the centrality of IOs in international relations. Reviewing a wide range of indicators, this article argues that, whereas there is limited decline in absolute terms since 1945, there may well be important decline in relative terms. Relative decline is more difficult to measure, but to probe its significance this article presents data from speeches during the United Nations General Assembly General Debate. It shows that IOs were most often mentioned in 1996 and that there has been a decline since. These findings indicate that, whereas IOs might survive as institutions, they are decreasingly central to international relations. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.13170 SN - 1758-5880 SN - 1758-5899 VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 16 EP - 30 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gonnermann, Jana A1 - Brandenburger, Bonny A1 - Vladova, Gergana A1 - Gronau, Norbert ED - Bui, Tung X. T1 - To what extent can individualisation in terms of different types of mode improve learning outcomes and learner satisfaction? BT - a pre-study T2 - Proceedings of the 56th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences January 3-6, 2023 N2 - With the latest technological developments and associated new possibilities in teaching, the personalisation of learning is gaining more and more importance. It assumes that individual learning experiences and results could generally be improved when personal learning preferences are considered. To do justice to the complexity of the personalisation possibilities of teaching and learning processes, we illustrate the components of learning and teaching in the digital environment and their interdependencies in an initial model. Furthermore, in a pre-study, we investigate the relationships between the learner's ability to (digital) self-organise, the learner’s prior- knowledge learning in different variants of mode and learning outcomes as one part of this model. With this pre-study, we are taking the first step towards a holistic model of teaching and learning in digital environments. KW - advances in teaching and learning technologies KW - digital learning KW - digital teaching KW - experimental design KW - personalised learning KW - teaching and learning model Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-0-9981331-6-4 SP - 123 EP - 132 PB - Department of IT Management Shidler College of Business University of Hawaii CY - Honolulu, HI ER - TY - THES A1 - Huttenlauch, Clara T1 - Individual variability in production and comprehension of prosodically disambiguated structural ambiguities T1 - Individuelle Variabilität in Produktion und Verständnis prosodisch disambiguierter struktureller Ambiguitäten N2 - Strings of words can correspond to more than one interpretation or underlying structure, which makes them ambiguous. Prosody can be used to resolve this structural ambiguity. This dissertation investigates the use of prosodic cues in the domains of fundamental frequency (f0) and duration to disambiguate between two interpretations of ambiguous structures when speakers addressed different interlocutors. The dissertation comprises of three production studies and one comprehension study. Prosodic disambiguation was studied with a focus on German name sequences of three names (coordinates) in two conditions: without (Name1 and Name2 and Name3) and with internal grouping of the first two names ([Name1 and Name2] and Name3). The study of coordinates was complemented with production data of locally ambiguous sentences with a case-ambiguous first noun phrase. Variability was studied in a controlled setting: Productions were elicited with a within-subject manipulation of context in a referential communication task in order to evoke prosodic adaptations to different conversational contexts. Context had five levels and involved interlocutors in three age groups (child, young adult, elderly adult) with German as L1 in the absence of background white noise, the young adult with background white noise, and a young adult without German as L1. Variability was explored at different levels: within a group of young individuals (intra-group level), within and between young individuals (intra-individual level and inter-individual level, respectively), and comparing between the group of young and a group of older speakers (inter-group level). Our data replicate the use of the three prosodic cues (f0-movement, final lengthening, and pause) in productions of young adult speakers and extend their use to productions of older adult speakers. Both age groups distinguished consistently between the two coordinate conditions. Prosodic grouping in production was evident not only on the group-final Name2 but also at earlier stages in the utterance, on the group-internal Name1 (early cues). For some speakers, some listeners were able to decode these early cues effectively as they were able to reliably predict the upcoming structure after listening to Name1 only. Thus, prosodic grouping appears as a globally marked phenomenon building up along the utterance. The internal structure of coordinates was disambiguated irrespective of the conversational context. In our data, speakers only slightly modified the prosodic cues marking the disambiguation in the different contexts. Listeners were unable to identify to which interlocutor the sequence had been produced. We interpret this intra-individual consistency in the production of disambiguating prosodic cues as support for a strong link between prosody and syntax. The findings support models in favour of situational independence of disambiguating prosody. All speakers reliably marked the distinction between the grouping conditions with at least one of the three prosodic cues investigated and most of the speakers used at least two of these cues. Further, individual differences in prosodic grouping did not lead to difficulties in recovering the grouping in comprehension. Taken together, these findings support the existence of a phonological category of prosodic grouping. N2 - Wortfolgen können mehr als einer Interpretation oder einer zugrunde liegenden Struktur entsprechen, was sie mehrdeutig macht. Prosodie kann verwendet werden, um diese strukturelle Mehrdeutigkeit aufzulösen. Diese Dissertation untersucht die Verwendung prosodischer Hinweise in den Bereichen Grundfrequenz (f0) und Dauer zur Unterscheidung zwischen zwei Interpretationen mehrdeutiger Strukturen durch Sprecher:innen, die verschiedene Gesprächspartnerinnen ansprechen. Die Dissertation besteht aus drei Produktionsstudien und einer Verständnisstudie. Prosodische Disambiguierung wurde mit dem Fokus auf deutsche Namenssequenzen aus drei Namen (coordinates – koordinierte Strukturen) in zwei Bedingungen untersucht: ohne (Name1 und Name2 und Name3) und mit interner Gruppierung der ersten beiden Namen ([Name1 und Name2] und Name3). Die Untersuchung der koordinierten Strukturen wurde durch Produktionsdaten mit lokal mehrdeutigen Sätzen mit einer kasus-ambigen ersten Nominalphrase ergänzt. Variabilität wurde in einer kontrollierten Umgebung untersucht: In einer referentiellen Kommunikationsaufgabe wurden Produktionen mit einer Kontextmanipulation innerhalb der Versuchspersonen erhoben, um prosodische Anpassungen an unterschiedliche Gesprächskontexte hervorzurufen. Kontext hatte fünf Ebenen und umfasste Gesprächspartnerinnen in drei Altersgruppen (Kind, junge Erwachsene, ältere Erwachsene) mit Deutsch als L1 in Abwesenheit von weißem Hintergrundrauschen, die junge Erwachsene mit weißem Hintergrundrauschen und eine junge Erwachsene ohne Deutsch als L1. Variabilität wurde auf verschiedenen Ebenen untersucht: innerhalb einer Gruppe junger Personen (intra-Gruppen-Ebene), innerhalb und zwischen jungen Personen (intra-individuelle Ebene bzw. inter-individuelle Ebene) und im Vergleich zwischen der Gruppe junger und einer Gruppe älterer Sprecher:innen (inter-Gruppen-Ebene). Unsere Daten replizieren die Verwendung der drei prosodischen Hinweise (f0-Bewegung, finale Längung und Pause) in Produktionen junger Erwachsener und dehnen ihre Verwendung auf Produktionen älterer Erwachsener aus. Beide Altersgruppen unterschieden konsistent zwischen den beiden Bedingungen der koordinierten Strukturen. Prosodische Gruppierung in der Produktion zeigte sich nicht nur beim gruppenfinalen Name2, sondern auch an früheren Stellen der Äußerung, beim gruppeninternen Name1 (frühe Hinweise). Für die Produktionen einiger Sprecher:innen waren einige Hörer:innen in der Lage, diese frühen Hinweise effektiv zu dekodieren, sie konnten die kommende Struktur zuverlässig vorherzusagen, nachdem sie nur Name1 gehört hatten. Die prosodische Gruppierung erscheint also als ein global ausgeprägtes Phänomen, das sich während der Äußerung aufbaut. Die interne Struktur der koordinierten Strukturen wurde unabhängig vom Gesprächskontext disambiguiert. In unseren Daten veränderten die Sprecher:innen die prosodischen Hinweise zur Disambiguierung in den verschiedenen Kontexten nur geringfügig. Unabhängige Hörer:innen waren nicht in der Lage zu erkennen, zu welcher Gesprächspartnerin die Sequenz produziert worden war. Wir interpretieren diese intra-individuelle Konsistenz in der Produktion von disambiguierenden prosodischen Hinweisen als Unterstützung für eine starke Verbindung zwischen Prosodie und Syntax. Die Ergebnisse unterstützen Modelle, die eine situative/kontextuelle Unabhängigkeit der disambiguierenden Prosodie befürworten. Alle Sprecher:innen markierten die Unterscheidung zwischen den Gruppierungsbedingungen zuverlässig mit mindestens einem der drei untersuchten prosodischen Hinweise, und die meisten Sprecher:innen verwendeten mindestens zwei dieser Hinweise. Außerdem führten individuelle Unterschiede in der prosodischen Gruppierung nicht zu Schwierigkeiten bei der Erkennung der Gruppierung beim Verstehen. Zusammengenommen unterstützen diese Ergebnisse die Existenz einer phonologischen Kategorie prosodischer Gruppierung. KW - prosodic disambiguation KW - prosodische Disambiguierung KW - prosodic cues KW - prosodische Hinweise KW - speech production KW - Sprachproduktion KW - comprehension KW - Sprachverständnis KW - coordinate name structures KW - koordinierte Namensstrukturen KW - locally ambiguous sentences KW - lokal ambige Sätze KW - individual variability KW - individuelle Variabilität KW - age effects KW - Alterseffekte KW - varying interlocutors KW - verschiedene Gesprächspartner:innen KW - structural ambiguities KW - strukturelle Ambiguitäten KW - F0 KW - F0 KW - final lengthening KW - finale Längung KW - duration KW - Dauer KW - gating paradigm KW - Gating Paradigma KW - pause KW - Pause KW - german KW - Deutsch Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-619262 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Puri, Manish A1 - Varde, Aparna S. A1 - Melo, Gerard de T1 - Commonsense based text mining on urban policy JF - Language resources and evaluation N2 - Local laws on urban policy, i.e., ordinances directly affect our daily life in various ways (health, business etc.), yet in practice, for many citizens they remain impervious and complex. This article focuses on an approach to make urban policy more accessible and comprehensible to the general public and to government officials, while also addressing pertinent social media postings. Due to the intricacies of the natural language, ranging from complex legalese in ordinances to informal lingo in tweets, it is practical to harness human judgment here. To this end, we mine ordinances and tweets via reasoning based on commonsense knowledge so as to better account for pragmatics and semantics in the text. Ours is pioneering work in ordinance mining, and thus there is no prior labeled training data available for learning. This gap is filled by commonsense knowledge, a prudent choice in situations involving a lack of adequate training data. The ordinance mining can be beneficial to the public in fathoming policies and to officials in assessing policy effectiveness based on public reactions. This work contributes to smart governance, leveraging transparency in governing processes via public involvement. We focus significantly on ordinances contributing to smart cities, hence an important goal is to assess how well an urban region heads towards a smart city as per its policies mapping with smart city characteristics, and the corresponding public satisfaction. KW - Commonsense reasoning KW - Opinion mining KW - Ordinances KW - Smart cities KW - Social KW - media KW - Text mining Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-022-09584-6 SN - 1574-020X SN - 1574-0218 VL - 57 SP - 733 EP - 763 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stone, Kate A1 - Nicenboim, Bruno A1 - Vasishth, Shravan A1 - Rösler, Frank T1 - Understanding the effects of constraint and predictability in ERP JF - Neurobiology of language N2 - Intuitively, strongly constraining contexts should lead to stronger probabilistic representations of sentences in memory. Encountering unexpected words could therefore be expected to trigger costlier shifts in these representations than expected words. However, psycholinguistic measures commonly used to study probabilistic processing, such as the N400 event-related potential (ERP) component, are sensitive to word predictability but not to contextual constraint. Some research suggests that constraint-related processing cost may be measurable via an ERP positivity following the N400, known as the anterior post-N400 positivity (PNP). The PNP is argued to reflect update of a sentence representation and to be distinct from the posterior P600, which reflects conflict detection and reanalysis. However, constraint-related PNP findings are inconsistent. We sought to conceptually replicate Federmeier et al. (2007) and Kuperberg et al. (2020), who observed that the PNP, but not the N400 or the P600, was affected by constraint at unexpected but plausible words. Using a pre-registered design and statistical approach maximising power, we demonstrated a dissociated effect of predictability and constraint: strong evidence for predictability but not constraint in the N400 window, and strong evidence for constraint but not predictability in the later window. However, the constraint effect was consistent with a P600 and not a PNP, suggesting increased conflict between a strong representation and unexpected input rather than greater update of the representation. We conclude that either a simple strong/weak constraint design is not always sufficient to elicit the PNP, or that previous PNP constraint findings could be an artifact of smaller sample size. KW - N400 KW - anterior PNP KW - posterior P600 KW - probabilistic processing KW - constraint KW - predictability KW - entropy Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1162/nol_a_00094 SN - 2641-4368 VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 221 EP - 256 PB - MIT Press CY - Cambridge, MA, USA ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Debre, Maria Josepha A1 - Sommerer, Thomas T1 - Weathering the storm? BT - the third wave of autocratization and international organization membership T2 - IGCC series on authoritarian regimes and international organizations N2 - Democratization scholars are currently debating if we are indeed witnessing a third wave of autocratization. While this has led to an extensive debate about the future of the liberal international order, we still know relatively little about the consequences of autocratization for international organizations (IOs). In this article, we explore to what extent autocratization has led to changes in the composition of IO membership. We propose three different ways of conceptualizing autocratization of IO membership. We argue that we should move away from a dichotomous understanding of regime type and regime change, but rather focus on composition of subregime types to understand current developments. We build on updated membership data for 73 IOs through 2020 to map membership configurations based on the V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index. Contrary to current debates on the crisis of the liberal order, we find that many IOs are not (yet) affected by broad autocratization of their membership that would endanger democratic majorities or overall democratic densities. However, we also observe the disappearance of formerly homogenous democratic clubs due to democratic backsliding in a number of European and Latin American IO member states, as well as a return of autocratic clubs in Southeast Asia and Southern Africa. These findings have important implications for the broader research agenda on international democracy promotion and human right protection as well as the study of legitimacy and the effectiveness of international organizations. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://ucigcc.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Debre-Sommerer-Working-Paper-11.21.23.pdf PB - UC Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation CY - La Jolla, CA ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pollatos, Olga A1 - Mönkemöller, Karla A1 - Groppe, Karoline A1 - Elsner, Birgit T1 - Interoceptive accuracy is associated with benefits in decision making in children JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Introduction: Decision making results not only from logical analyses, but seems to be further guided by the ability to perceive somatic information (interoceptive accuracy). Relations between interoceptive accuracy and decision making have been exclusively studied in adults and with regard to complex, uncertain situations (as measured by the Iowa Gambling Task, IGT). Methods: In the present study, 1454 children (6-11 years) were examined at two time points (approximately 1 year apart) using an IGT as well as a delay-of-gratification task for sweets-items and toy-items. Interoceptive accuracy was measured using a child-adapted version of the Heartbeat Perception Task. Results: The present results revealed that children with higher, as compared to lower, interoceptive accuracy showed more advantageous choices in the IGT and delayed more sweets-items, but not toy-items, in a delay-of-gratification task at time point 2 but not at time point 1. However, no longitudinal relation between interoceptive accuracy and decision making 1 year later could be shown. Discussion: Results indicate that interoceptive accuracy relates to decision-making abilities in situations of varying complexity already in middle childhood, and that this link might consolidate across the examined 1-year period. Furthermore, the association of interoceptive accuracy and the delay of sweets-items might have implications for the regulation of body weight at a later age. KW - cardiac perception KW - interoception KW - emotion KW - decision making KW - Iowa gambling task KW - somatic-marker hypothesis KW - childhood development Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1070037 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 13 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nchiozem-Ngnitedem, Vaderament-Alexe A1 - Sperlich, Eric A1 - Matieta, Valaire Yemene A1 - Kuete, Jenifer Reine Ngnouzouba A1 - Kuete, Victor A1 - Omer, Ejlal A. A. A1 - Efferth, Thomas A1 - Schmidt, Bernd T1 - Synthesis and bioactivity of isoflavones from ficus carica and some non-natural analogues JF - Journal of natural products : Lloydia N2 - FicucariconeD (1) and its 4 '-demethyl congener 2 are isoflavones isolated from fruits of Ficus carica that share a 5,7-dimethoxy-6-prenyl-substituted A-ring. Both naturalproducts were, for the first time, obtained by chemical synthesisin six steps, starting from 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone. Key stepsare a microwave-promoted tandem sequence of Claisen- and Cope-rearrangementsto install the 6-prenyl substituent and a Suzuki-Miyaura crosscoupling for installing the B-ring. By using various boronic acids,non-natural analogues become conveniently available. All compoundswere tested for cytotoxicity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistanthuman leukemia cell lines, but were found to be inactive. The compoundswere also tested for antimicrobial activities against a panel of eightGram-negative and two Gram-positive bacterial strains. Addition ofthe efflux pump inhibitor phenylalanine-arginine-beta-naphthylamide(PA beta N) significantly improved the antibiotic activity in mostcases, with MIC values as low as 2.5 mu M and activity improvementfactors as high as 128-fold. KW - Antimicrobial activity KW - Bacteria KW - Ethers KW - Flavonoids KW - Mixtures Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00219 SN - 0163-3864 SN - 1520-6025 VL - 86 IS - 6 SP - 1520 EP - 1528 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hänel, Hilkje C. T1 - Germany’s silence: testimonial injustice in the NSU investigation and willful ignorance in the NSU trial JF - Constellations : an international journal of critical and democratic theory Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8675.12703 SN - 1351-0487 SN - 1467-8675 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hänel, Hilkje C. A1 - Haslanger, Sally A1 - Kroeger, Odin T1 - Analyzing social wrongs JF - Journal of social philosophy Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/josp.12505 SN - 0047-2786 SN - 1467-9833 VL - 53 IS - 4 SP - 448 EP - 453 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken, NJ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reitenbach, Julija A1 - Geiger, Christina A1 - Wang, Peixi A1 - Vagias, Apostolos N. A1 - Cubitt, Robert A1 - Schanzenbach, Dirk A1 - Laschewsky, André A1 - Papadakis, Christine M. A1 - Müller-Buschbaum, Peter T1 - Effect of magnesium salts with chaotropic anions on the swelling behavior of PNIPMAM thin films JF - Macromolecules : a publication of the American Chemical Society N2 - Poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) (PNIPMAM) is a stimuli responsive polymer, which in thin film geometry exhibits a volume-phase transition upon temperature increase in water vapor. The swelling behavior of PNIPMAM thin films containing magnesium salts in water vapor is investigated in view of their potential application as nanodevices. Both the extent and the kinetics of the swelling ratio as well as the water content are probed with in situ time-of-flight neutron reflectometry. Additionally, in situ Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy provides information about the local solvation of the specific functional groups, while two-dimensional FTIR correlation analysis further elucidates the temporal sequence of solvation events. The addition of Mg(ClO4)2 or Mg(NO3)2 enhances the sensitivity of the polymer and therefore the responsiveness of switches and sensors based on PNIPMAM thin films. It is found that Mg(NO3)2 leads to a higher relative water uptake and therefore achieves the highest thickness gain in the swollen state. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02282 SN - 0024-9297 SN - 1520-5835 VL - 56 IS - 2 SP - 567 EP - 577 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Juang, Linda P. A1 - Schachner, Maja A1 - Aral, Tuğçe A1 - Schwarzenthal, Miriam A1 - Kunyu, David Khisoni A1 - Löhmannsröben, Hanna T1 - Effects of a brief self-affirmation writing intervention among 7(th) graders in Germany BT - testing for variations by heritage group, discrimination experiences and classroom diversity climate JF - Social psychology of education : an international journal N2 - We tested whether a brief self-affirmation writing intervention protected against identity-threats (i.e., stereotyping and discrimination) for adolescents' school-related adjustment. The longitudinal study followed 639 adolescents in Germany (65% of immigrant descent, 50% female, M-age = 12.35 years, SDage = .69) from 7(th) grade (pre-intervention at T1, five to six months post-intervention at T2) to the end of 8(th) grade (one-year follow-up at T3). We tested for direct and moderated (by heritage group, discrimination, classroom cultural diversity climate) effects using regression and latent change models. The self-affirmation intervention did not promote grades or math competence. However, in the short-term and for adolescents of immigrant descent, the intervention prevented a downward trajectory in mastery reactions to academic challenges for those experiencing greater discrimination. Further, it protected against a decline in behavioral school engagement for those in positive classroom cultural diversity climates. In the long-term and for all adolescents, the intervention lessened an upward trajectory in disruptive behavior. Overall, the self-affirmation intervention benefited some aspects of school-related adjustment for adolescents of immigrant and non-immigrant descent. The intervention context is important, with classroom cultural diversity climate acting as a psychological affordance enhancing affirmation effects. Our study supports the ongoing call for theorizing and empirically testing student and context heterogeneity to better understand for whom and under which conditions this intervention may work. KW - Brief self-affirmation writing intervention KW - Adolescents of immigrant KW - descent KW - School-related adjustment KW - Classroom cultural diversity KW - climate KW - Germany Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-023-09789-9 SN - 1381-2890 SN - 1573-1928 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steinrötter, Björn T1 - The principle of equivalence of legal systems in private international law and its contribution to the foundation and preservation of peace T1 - Princip jednakosti pravnih sistema u međunarodnom privatnom pravu i njegov doprinos uspostavljanju i očuvanju mira T1 - Принцип једнакости правних система у међународном приватном праву и његов допринос успостављању и очувању мира JF - Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad JF - Зборник радова Правног факултета у Новом Саду N2 - Private international law (PIL) might seem disconnected from peacebuilding and peacekeeping efforts. However, this perception falls short. PIL, contrary to public international law’s direct peacekeeping potential, indirectly contributes to peace by fostering mutual respect between states. The relationship between PIL and peace stems from the recognition and respect states show for each other’s legal systems. PIL operates on the principle of comity, where states acknowledge the applicability of foreign laws to resolve cases. In essence, while PIL’s impact on peace is indirect and modest, its emphasis on mutual respect and fair treatment contributes to peaceful relations between states, making it an important element in the broader context of peacebuilding and peacekeeping efforts. Private international law (PIL) does not determine substantive fairness for parties but focuses on localizing cases at a meta-level of conflict-of-laws. This localization is guided by party, trade, and regulatory interests, and is rooted in neutrality and respect for other legal systems. While the principle of equivalence and neutrality remains foundational in PIL, exceptions and limitations have been established over time to address specific scenarios, ensuring a balanced approach that respects both foreign legal systems and fundamental legal principles. N2 - Na prvi pogled može delovati da Međunarodno privatno pravo (MPP) nema veze sa naporima za uspostavljanje i očuvanje mira. Međutim, ova percepcija nije utemeljena. Suprotno neposrednom potencijalu međunarodnog javnog prava za očuvanje mira, MPP indirektno doprinosi miru podsticanjem međusobnog poštovanja između država. Odnos između MPP i mira proizlazi iz poštovanja koje države iskazuju prema pravnim sistemima drugih država. MPP funkcioniše na osnovu principa uzajamnog uvažavanja, gde države priznaju primenljivost stranih zakona za rešavanje slučajeva. U suštini, iako je uticaj MPP-a na mir indirektan i skroman, njegov naglasak na međusobnom poštovanju i pravičnom postupanju doprinosi pomirljivom tonu u odnosu između država, čineći ga važnim elementom u širem kontekstu izgradnje i očuvanja mira. MPP nema neposredni doprinos u postzanju suštinske pravičnost među stranama spora, već se fokusira na lokalizaciju slučajeva na meta-nivou sukoba zakona. Ova lokalizacija se vodi stranačkim, trgovinskim i regulatornim interesima i ukorenjena je u neutralnosti i poštovanju drugih pravnih sistema. Iako princip ekvivalencije i neutralnosti ostaje temeljni u MPP-u, su vremenom uspostavljeni izuzeci i ograničenja kako bi se adresirali specifični scenariji, osiguravajući uravnotežen pristup koji poštuje i strane pravne sisteme i temeljne pravne principe. N2 - На први поглед може деловати да Међународно приватно право (МПП) нема везе са напорима за успостављање и очување мира. Међутим, ова перцепција није утемељена. Супротно непосредном потенцијалу међународног јавног права за очување мира, МПП индиректно доприноси миру подстицањем међусобног поштовања између држава. Однос између МПП и мира произлази из поштовања које државе исказују према правним системима других држава. МПП функционише на основу принципа узајамног уважавања, где државе признају применљивост страних закона за решавање случајева. У суштини, иако је утицај МПП-а на мир индиректан и скроман, његов нагласак на међусобном поштовању и правичном поступању доприноси помирљивом тону у односу између држава, чинећи га важним елементом у ширем контексту изградње и очувања мира. МПП нема непосредни допринос у постзању суштинске правичност међу странама спора, већ се фокусира на локализацију случајева на мета-нивоу сукоба закона. Ова локализација се води страначким, трговинским и регулаторним интересима и укорењена је у неутралности и поштовању других правних система. Иако принцип еквиваленције и неутралности остаје темељни у МПП-у, су временом успостављени изузеци и ограничења како би се адресирали специфични сценарији, осигуравајући уравнотежен приступ који поштује и стране правне системе и темељне правне принципе. KW - Private International Law KW - peacebuilding and peacekeeping KW - mutual respect KW - comity KW - equivalence KW - međunarodno privatno pravo KW - uspostavljanje i održavanje mira KW - uzajamno poštovanje i uvažavanje KW - jednakost KW - међународно приватно право KW - успостављање и одржавање мира KW - узајамно поштовање и уважавање KW - једнакост Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns57-40597 SN - 0550-2179 SN - 2406-1255 VL - 57 IS - 3 SP - 991 EP - 1004 PB - Univerzitet u Novom Sadu / Pravni Fakultet CY - Novi Sad ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sanchez Sanz, Arturo A1 - Laudenbach, Benoît A1 - Weiß, Adrian A1 - Werner, Eva A1 - Stachon, Markus A1 - Anders, Friedrich A1 - Barthel, Christian A1 - Berrens, Dominik A1 - Avalli, Andrea A1 - Vandewalle, Alexander A1 - Ferrara, Pasquale A1 - Pohl, Patrik ED - Ambühl, Annemarie ED - Carlà-Uhink, Filippo ED - Rollinger, Christian ED - Walde, Christine T1 - Spring Issue T2 - thersites Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.34679/thersites.vol16 SN - 2364-7612 VL - 2023 IS - 16 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heistermann, Maik A1 - Francke, Till A1 - Scheiffele, Lena A1 - Petrova, Katya Dimitrova A1 - Budach, Christian A1 - Schrön, Martin A1 - Trost, Benjamin A1 - Rasche, Daniel A1 - Güntner, Andreas A1 - Doepper, Veronika A1 - Förster, Michael A1 - Köhli, Markus A1 - Angermann, Lisa A1 - Antonoglou, Nikolaos A1 - Zude, Manuela A1 - Oswald, Sascha T1 - Three years of soil moisture observations by a dense cosmic-ray neutron sensing cluster at an agricultural research site in north-east Germany JF - Earth system science data : ESSD N2 - Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) allows for the estimation of root-zone soil water content (SWC) at the scale of several hectares. In this paper, we present the data recorded by a dense CRNS network operated from 2019 to 2022 at an agricultural research site in Marquardt, Germany - the first multi-year CRNS cluster. Consisting, at its core, of eight permanently installed CRNS sensors, the cluster was supplemented by a wealth of complementary measurements: data from seven additional temporary CRNS sensors, partly co-located with the permanent ones; 27 SWC profiles (mostly permanent); two groundwater observation wells; meteorological records; and Global Navigation Satellite System reflectometry (GNSS-R). Complementary to these continuous measurements, numerous campaign-based activities provided data by mobile CRNS roving, hyperspectral im-agery via UASs, intensive manual sampling of soil properties (SWC, bulk density, organic matter, texture, soil hydraulic properties), and observations of biomass and snow (cover, depth, and density). The unique temporal coverage of 3 years entails a broad spectrum of hydro-meteorological conditions, including exceptional drought periods and extreme rainfall but also episodes of snow coverage, as well as a dedicated irrigation experiment. Apart from serving to advance CRNS-related retrieval methods, this data set is expected to be useful for vari-ous disciplines, for example, soil and groundwater hydrology, agriculture, or remote sensing. Hence, we show exemplary features of the data set in order to highlight the potential for such subsequent studies. The data are available at doi.org/10.23728/b2share.551095325d74431881185fba1eb09c95 (Heistermann et al., 2022b). Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3243-2023 SN - 1866-3508 SN - 1866-3516 VL - 15 IS - 7 SP - 3243 EP - 3262 PB - Copernics Publications CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - THES A1 - Vardi, Shmuel T1 - Ada (Fishman) Maimon BT - An intellectual biography Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - THES A1 - Smirnov, Artem T1 - Understanding the dynamics of the near-earth space environment utilizing long-term satellite observations T1 - Verständnis der Dynamik der erdnahen Weltraumumgebung mit Hilfe von Langzeit-Satellitenbeobachtungen N2 - The near-Earth space environment is a highly complex system comprised of several regions and particle populations hazardous to satellite operations. The trapped particles in the radiation belts and ring current can cause significant damage to satellites during space weather events, due to deep dielectric and surface charging. Closer to Earth is another important region, the ionosphere, which delays the propagation of radio signals and can adversely affect navigation and positioning. In response to fluctuations in solar and geomagnetic activity, both the inner-magnetospheric and ionospheric populations can undergo drastic and sudden changes within minutes to hours, which creates a challenge for predicting their behavior. Given the increasing reliance of our society on satellite technology, improving our understanding and modeling of these populations is a matter of paramount importance. In recent years, numerous spacecraft have been launched to study the dynamics of particle populations in the near-Earth space, transforming it into a data-rich environment. To extract valuable insights from the abundance of available observations, it is crucial to employ advanced modeling techniques, and machine learning methods are among the most powerful approaches available. This dissertation employs long-term satellite observations to analyze the processes that drive particle dynamics, and builds interdisciplinary links between space physics and machine learning by developing new state-of-the-art models of the inner-magnetospheric and ionospheric particle dynamics. The first aim of this thesis is to investigate the behavior of electrons in Earth's radiation belts and ring current. Using ~18 years of electron flux observations from the Global Positioning System (GPS), we developed the first machine learning model of hundreds-of-keV electron flux at Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) that is driven solely by solar wind and geomagnetic indices and does not require auxiliary flux measurements as inputs. We then proceeded to analyze the directional distributions of electrons, and for the first time, used Fourier sine series to fit electron pitch angle distributions (PADs) in Earth's inner magnetosphere. We performed a superposed epoch analysis of 129 geomagnetic storms during the Van Allen Probes era and demonstrated that electron PADs have a strong energy-dependent response to geomagnetic activity. Additionally, we showed that the solar wind dynamic pressure could be used as a good predictor of the PAD dynamics. Using the observed dependencies, we created the first PAD model with a continuous dependence on L, magnetic local time (MLT) and activity, and developed two techniques to reconstruct near-equatorial electron flux observations from low-PA data using this model. The second objective of this thesis is to develop a novel model of the topside ionosphere. To achieve this goal, we collected observations from five of the most widely used ionospheric missions and intercalibrated these data sets. This allowed us to use these data jointly for model development, validation, and comparison with other existing empirical models. We demonstrated, for the first time, that ion density observations by Swarm Langmuir Probes exhibit overestimation (up to ~40-50%) at low and mid-latitudes on the night side, and suggested that the influence of light ions could be a potential cause of this overestimation. To develop the topside model, we used 19 years of radio occultation (RO) electron density profiles, which were fitted with a Chapman function with a linear dependence of scale height on altitude. This approximation yields 4 parameters, namely the peak density and height of the F2-layer and the slope and intercept of the linear scale height trend, which were modeled using feedforward neural networks (NNs). The model was extensively validated against both RO and in-situ observations and was found to outperform the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model by up to an order of magnitude. Our analysis showed that the most substantial deviations of the IRI model from the data occur at altitudes of 100-200 km above the F2-layer peak. The developed NN-based ionospheric model reproduces the effects of various physical mechanisms observed in the topside ionosphere and provides highly accurate electron density predictions. This dissertation provides an extensive study of geospace dynamics, and the main results of this work contribute to the improvement of models of plasma populations in the near-Earth space environment. N2 - Die erdnahe Weltraumumgebung ist ein hochkomplexes System, das aus mehreren Regionen und Partikelpopulationen besteht, die für den Satellitenbetrieb gefährlich sind. Die in den Strahlungsgürteln und dem Ringstrom gefangenen Teilchen können bei Weltraumwetterereignissen aufgrund der tiefen dielektrischen und oberflächlichen Aufladung erhebliche Schäden an Satelliten verursachen. Näher an der Erde liegt eine weitere wichtige Region, die Ionosphäre, die die Ausbreitung von Funksignalen verzögert und die Navigation und Positionsbestimmung beeinträchtigen kann. Als Reaktion auf Fluktuationen der solaren und geomagnetischen Aktivität können sowohl die Populationen der inneren Magnetosphäre als auch der Ionosphäre innerhalb von Minuten bis Stunden drastische und plötzliche Veränderungen erfahren, was eine Herausforderung für die Vorhersage ihres Verhaltens darstellt. Angesichts der zunehmenden Abhängigkeit unserer Gesellschaft von der Satellitentechnologie ist ein besseres Verständnis und eine bessere Modellierung dieser Populationen von größter Bedeutung. In den letzten Jahren wurden zahlreiche Raumsonden gestartet, um die Dynamik von Partikelpopulationen im erdnahen Weltraum zu untersuchen, was diesen in eine datenreiche Umgebung verwandelt hat. Um aus der Fülle der verfügbaren Beobachtungen wertvolle Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen, ist der Einsatz fortschrittlicher Modellierungstechniken unabdingbar, und Methoden des maschinellen Lernens gehören zu den leistungsfähigsten verfügbaren Ansätzen. Diese Dissertation nutzt langfristige Satellitenbeobachtungen, um die Prozesse zu analysieren, die die Teilchendynamik antreiben, und schafft interdisziplinäre Verbindungen zwischen Weltraumphysik und maschinellem Lernen, indem sie neue hochmoderne Modelle der innermagnetosphärischen und ionosphärischen Teilchendynamik entwickelt. Das erste Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, das Verhalten von Elektronen im Strahlungsgürtel und Ringstrom der Erde zu untersuchen. Unter Verwendung von ~18 Jahren Elektronenflussbeobachtungen des Global Positioning System (GPS) haben wir das erste maschinelle Lernmodell des Elektronenflusses im mittleren Erdorbit (MEO) entwickelt, das ausschließlich durch Sonnenwind und geomagnetische Indizes gesteuert wird und keine zusätzlichen Flussmessungen als Eingaben benötigt. Anschließend analysierten wir die Richtungsverteilungen der Elektronen und verwendeten zum ersten Mal Fourier-Sinus-Reihen, um die Elektronen-Stellwinkelverteilungen (PADs) in der inneren Magnetosphäre der Erde zu bestimmen. Wir führten eine epochenübergreifende Analyse von 129 geomagnetischen Stürmen während der Van-Allen-Sonden-Ära durch und zeigten, dass die Elektronen-PADs eine starke energieabhängige Reaktion auf die geomagnetische Aktivität haben. Außerdem konnten wir zeigen, dass der dynamische Druck des Sonnenwindes als guter Prädiktor für die PAD-Dynamik verwendet werden kann. Anhand der beobachteten Abhängigkeiten haben wir das erste PAD-Modell mit einer kontinuierlichen Abhängigkeit von L, der magnetischen Ortszeit (MLT) und der Aktivität erstellt und zwei Techniken entwickelt, um die Beobachtungen des äquatornahen Elektronenflusses aus Daten mit niedrigem Luftdruck mit Hilfe dieses Modells zu rekonstruieren. Das zweite Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklung eines neuen Modells der Topside-Ionosphäre. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, haben wir Beobachtungen von fünf der meistgenutzten Ionosphärenmissionen gesammelt und diese Datensätze interkalibriert. So konnten wir diese Daten gemeinsam für die Modellentwicklung, die Validierung und den Vergleich mit anderen bestehenden empirischen Modellen nutzen. Wir haben zum ersten Mal gezeigt, dass die Ionendichtebeobachtungen von Swarm-Langmuir-Sonden in niedrigen und mittleren Breiten auf der Nachtseite eine Überschätzung (bis zu ~40-50%) aufweisen, und haben vorgeschlagen, dass der Einfluss leichter Ionen eine mögliche Ursache für diese Überschätzung sein könnte. Zur Entwicklung des Oberseitenmodells wurden 19 Jahre lang Elektronendichteprofile aus der Radio-Okkultation (RO) verwendet, die mit einer Chapman-Funktion mit einer linearen Abhängigkeit der Skalenhöhe von der Höhe angepasst wurden. Aus dieser Näherung ergeben sich 4 Parameter, nämlich die Spitzendichte und die Höhe der F2-Schicht sowie die Steigung und der Achsenabschnitt des linearen Trends der Skalenhöhe, die mit Hilfe von neuronalen Feedforward-Netzwerken (NN) modelliert wurden. Das Modell wurde sowohl anhand von RO- als auch von In-situ-Beobachtungen umfassend validiert und übertrifft das Modell der Internationalen Referenz-Ionosphäre (IRI). Unsere Analyse zeigte, dass die größten Abweichungen des IRI-Modells von den Daten in Höhen von 100-200 km über der F2-Schichtspitze auftreten. Das entwickelte NN-basierte Ionosphärenmodell reproduziert die Auswirkungen verschiedener physikalischer Mechanismen, die in der Topside-Ionosphäre beobachtet werden, und liefert sehr genaue Vorhersagen der Elektronendichte. Diese Dissertation bietet eine umfassende Untersuchung der Dynamik in der Geosphäre, und die wichtigsten Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit tragen zur Verbesserung der Modelle von Plasmapopulationen in der erdnahen Weltraumumgebung bei. KW - Ionosphere KW - radiation belts KW - ring current KW - space physics KW - empirical modeling KW - machine learning KW - gradient boosting KW - neural networks KW - Ionosphäre KW - empirische Modellierung KW - Gradient Boosting KW - maschinelles Lernen KW - neuronale Netze KW - Strahlungsgürtel KW - Ringstrom KW - Weltraumphysik Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-613711 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ullrich, André A1 - Reißig, Malte A1 - Niehoff, Silke A1 - Beier, Grischa T1 - Employee involvement and participation in digital transformation BT - a combined analysis of literature and practitioners’ expertise JF - Journal of organizational change management N2 - Purpose This paper provides a systematization of the existing body of literature on both employee participation goals and the intervention formats in the context of organizational change. Furthermore, degrees of employee involvement that the intervention formats address are identified and related to the goals of employee participation. On this basis, determinants of employee involvement and participation in the context of digital transformation are unveiled. Design/methodology/approach Based on a systematic literature review the authors structure and relate employee participation goals and formats. Through a workshop with expert practitioners, the authors transfer and enhance these theoretical findings in the context of digital transformation. Experts rated the three most important goals and identified accompanying success factors, barriers and effects. Findings The results show that it is not necessarily the degree of involvement but a context-specific selection of measures, the quality of their implementation as well as the actual uptake of suggestions and activities developed by employees that contribute to employees accepting and participating in goal-directed transformations. Moreover, employees must have sufficient information and time for their participation in transformation processes. Originality/value This paper is based on a transformative approach, combining literature analysis to identify formats and goals of employee participation with experiential knowledge of digital transformation practitioners. In addition to relating intervention formats to goals pursued in organizational change processes, empirical and experiential perspectives are used to identify three very relevant goals and respective determinants in digital transformation processes. KW - digital transformation KW - employee involvement KW - employee participation KW - expert workshop KW - organizational change KW - systematic literature review Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-10-2022-0302 SN - 0953-4814 SN - 1758-7816 VL - 36 IS - 8 SP - 29 EP - 48 PB - Emerald CY - Bingley ER - TY - THES A1 - Maiti, Snehanshu T1 - Magnetohydrodynamic turbulence and cosmic ray transport T1 - Magnetohydrodynamische Turbulenz und Transport kosmischer Strahlung N2 - The first part of the thesis studies the properties of fast mode in magneto hydro-dynamic (MHD) turbulence. 1D and 3D numerical simulations are carried out to generate decaying fast mode MHD turbulence. The injection of waves are carried out in a collinear and isotropic fashion to generate fast mode turbulence. The properties of fast mode turbulence are analyzed by studying their energy spectral density, 2D structure functions and energy decay/cascade time. The injection wave vector is varied to study the dependence of the above properties on the injection wave vectors. The 1D energy spectrum obtained for the velocity and magnetic fields has 𝐸 (𝑘) ∝ 𝑘−2. The 2D energy spectrum and 2D structure functions in parallel and perpendicular directions shows that fast mode turbulence generated is isotropic in nature. The cascade/decay rate of fast mode MHD turbulence is proportional to 𝑘−0.5 for different kinds of wave vector injection. Simulations are also carried out in 1D and 3D to compare balanced and imbalanced turbulence. The results obtained shows that while 1D imbalanced turbulence decays faster than 1D balanced turbulence, there is no difference in the decay of 3D balanced and imbalanced turbulence for the current resolution of 512 grid points. "The second part of the thesis studies cosmic ray (CR) transport in driven MHD turbulence and is strongly dependent on it’s properties. Test particle simulations are carried out to study CR interaction with both total MHD turbulence and decomposed MHD modes. The spatial diffusion coefficients and the pitch angle scattering diffusion coefficients are calculated from the test particle trajectories in turbulence. The results confirms that the fast modes dominate the CR propagation, whereas Alfvén, slow modes are much less efficient with similar pitch angle scattering rates. The cross field transport on large and small scales are investigated next. On large/global scales, normal diffusion is observed and the diffusion coefficient is suppressed by 𝑀𝜁𝐴 compared to the parallel diffusion coefficients, with 𝜁 closer to 4 in Alfvén modes than that in total turbulence as theoretically expected. For the CR transport on scales smaller than the turbulence injection scale 𝐿, both the local and global magnetic reference frames are adopted. Super diffusion is observed on such small scales in all the cases. Particularly, CR transport in Alfvén modes show clear Richardson diffusion in the local reference frame. The diffusion transition smoothly from the Richardson’s one with index 1.5 to normal diffusion as particle’s mean free path decreases from 𝜆∥ ≫ 𝐿 to 𝜆∥ ≪ 𝐿. These results have broad applications to CRs in various astrophysical environments". N2 - Der erste Teil der Arbeit untersucht die Eigenschaften des schnellen Modus in magnetohydrodynamischen (MHD) Turbulenzen. Es werden numerische 1D- und 3D-Simulationen durchgeführt, um eine abklingende Fast-Mode-MHD-Turbulenz zu erzeugen. Die Injektion von Wellenvektoren wird kollinear und isotrop durchgeführt, um Fast-Mode-Turbulenzen zu erzeugen. Die Eigenschaften der Fast-Mode-Turbulenz werden durch die Untersuchung ihrer Energie-Spektraldichte, 2D-Strukturfunktionen und Energieabfall-/Kaskadenzeit analysiert. Die Injektionswellenvektoren werden in verschiedenen Simulationen für unterschiedliche Arten der Injektion variiert, um die Abhängigkeit der oben genannten Eigenschaften von den Injektionswellenvektoren zu untersuchen. Das für die Geschwindigkeits- und Magnetfelder erhaltene 1D-Energiespektrum hat E(k) ∝ k−2. Das 2D-Energiespektrum und die 2D-Strukturfunktionen in parallelen und senkrechten Richtungen zeigen, dass die erzeugte Fast-Mode-Turbulenz von Natur aus isotrop ist. Die Kaskaden-/Zerfallsrate der Fast-Mode-MHD-Turbulenz ist proportional zu k−0.5 für verschiedene Arten der Wellenvektorinjektion. Es werden auch Simulationen in 1D und 3D durchgeführt, um ausgeglichene und unausgeglichene Turbulenzen zu vergleichen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine unausgewogene 1D-Turbulenz schneller abklingt als eine ausgeglichene 1D-Turbulenz, während es bei der derzeitigen Auflösung von 512 Gitterpunkten keinen Unterschied im Abklingen von ausgeglichener und unausgewogener 3D-Turbulenz gibt. Der zweite Teil der Arbeit untersucht den Transport kosmischer Strahlung (CR) in angetriebenen MHD-Turbulenzen und ist stark von deren Eigenschaften abhängig. Es werden Testpartikelsimulationen durchgeführt, um die Wechselwirkung von kosmischer Strahlung sowohl mit der gesamten MHD-Turbulenz als auch mit zerlegten MHD-Moden zu untersuchen. Aus den Flugbahnen der Testteilchen in der Turbulenz werden die räumlichen Diffusionskoeffizienten und die Diffusionskoeffizienten für die Streuung im Neigungswinkel berechnet. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen, dass die schnellen Moden die CR-Ausbreitung dominieren, während Alfv´en langsame Moden bei ähnlichen Neigungswinkelstreuungsraten viel weniger effizient sind. Der Querfeldtransport auf großen und kleinen Skalen wird als nächstes untersucht. Auf großen/globalen Skalen wird normale Diffusion beobachtet und der Diffusionskoeffizient wird durch MζA im Vergleich zu den parallelen Diffusionskoeffizienten unterdrückt, wobei ζin Alfv´en-Moden näher bei 4 liegt als in der Gesamtturbulenz, wie theoretisch erwartet. Für den CR-Transport auf Skalen, die kleiner sind als die Turbulenzinjektionsskala L, werden sowohl der lokale als auch der globale magnetische Bezugsrahmen verwendet. Auf solch kleinen Skalen wird in allen Fällen Superdiffusion beobachtet. Insbesondere der CRTransport in Alfv’en-Moden zeigt eine deutliche Richardson-Diffusion im lokalen Bezugssystem. Die Diffusion geht fließend von der Richardson-Diffusion mit dem Index 1,5 zur normalen Diffusion über, wenn die mittlere freie Weglänge der Teilchen, λ∥, von λ∥ ≫ L auf λ∥ ≪ L abnimmt. Diese Ergebnisse haben eine breite Anwendung auf CRs in verschiedenen astrophysikalischen Umgebungen. KW - isotropic fast mode turbulence KW - cascade rate KW - Alfv´en mode MHD turbulence KW - cosmic ray diffusion KW - efficient scattering KW - mean free path KW - Richardson Superdiffusion KW - Alfv´en-Modus MHD-Turbulenz KW - Richardson-Superdiffusion KW - Kaskadenrate KW - Diffusion kosmischer Strahlung KW - effiziente Streuung KW - Isotroper schneller Modus Turbulenzen KW - bedeuten freie Bahn Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-589030 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kaminski, Roland T1 - Complex reasoning with answer set programming N2 - Answer Set Programming (ASP) allows us to address knowledge-intensive search and optimization problems in a declarative way due to its integrated modeling, grounding, and solving workflow. A problem is modeled using a rule based language and then grounded and solved. Solving results in a set of stable models that correspond to solutions of the modeled problem. In this thesis, we present the design and implementation of the clingo system---perhaps, the most widely used ASP system. It features a rich modeling language originating from the field of knowledge representation and reasoning, efficient grounding algorithms based on database evaluation techniques, and high performance solving algorithms based on Boolean satisfiability (SAT) solving technology. The contributions of this thesis lie in the design of the modeling language, the design and implementation of the grounding algorithms, and the design and implementation of an Application Programmable Interface (API) facilitating the use of ASP in real world applications and the implementation of complex forms of reasoning beyond the traditional ASP workflow. KW - Answer Set Programming KW - Declarative Problem Solving KW - Grounding Theory KW - Preference Handling KW - Answer Set Solving modulo Theories KW - Temporal Answer Set Solving Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Garus, Marcel A1 - Sawahn, Rohan A1 - Wanke, Jonas A1 - Tiedt, Clemens A1 - Granzow, Clara A1 - Kuffner, Tim A1 - Rosenbaum, Jannis A1 - Hagemann, Linus A1 - Wollnik, Tom A1 - Woth, Lorenz A1 - Auringer, Felix A1 - Kantusch, Tobias A1 - Roth, Felix A1 - Hanff, Konrad A1 - Schilli, Niklas A1 - Seibold, Leonard A1 - Lindner, Marc Fabian A1 - Raschack, Selina ED - Grapentin, Andreas ED - Tiedt, Clemens ED - Polze, Andreas T1 - Operating systems II - student projects N2 - This technical report presents the results of student projects which were prepared during the lecture “Operating Systems II” offered by the “Operating Systems and Middleware” group at HPI in the Summer term of 2020. The lecture covered ad- vanced aspects of operating system implementation and architecture on topics such as Virtualization, File Systems and Input/Output Systems. In addition to attending the lecture, the participating students were encouraged to gather practical experience by completing a project on a closely related topic over the course of the semester. The results of 10 selected exceptional projects are covered in this report. The students have completed hands-on projects on the topics of Operating System Design Concepts and Implementation, Hardware/Software Co-Design, Reverse Engineering, Quantum Computing, Static Source-Code Analysis, Operating Systems History, Application Binary Formats and more. It should be recognized that over the course of the semester all of these projects have achieved outstanding results which went far beyond the scope and the expec- tations of the lecture, and we would like to thank all participating students for their commitment and their effort in completing their respective projects, as well as their work on compiling this report. N2 - Dieser technische Bericht beschriebt die Ergebnisse der Projekte, welche im Rahmen der Lehrveranstaltung "Betriebssysteme II" on teilnehmenden Studierenden durchgeführt wurden. Die Lehrveranstaltung wurde von der "Betriebssysteme und Middleware" am HPI im Sommersemester 2020 durchgeführt und behandele fortgeschrittene Aspekte der Betriebssystemarchitektur und -Implementierung am Beispiel der Virtualisierung, der Dateisysteme und der Eingabe/Ausgabe (I/O) Systeme. Zusätzlich zu den Vorlesungen wurden die Studierenden angeleitet, durch die Durchführung eines begleitenden Projekts praktische Erfahrungen im Umgang mit den behandelten Themen zu sammeln. Die Ergebnisse von 10 ausgewählten, herausragenden Projekten werden in diesem Report vorgestellt. Die Studierenden haben unter anderem Projekte zu den Themen Betriebssystemdesign und -Implementierung, Hardware/Software Co-Design, Reverse Engineering, Quanten-Computing, Statische Quellcodeanalyse, Betriebssystemgeschichte, dem Binärformat von ausführbaren Dateien durchgeführt. Es ist anzuerkennen, dass alle teilnehmenden Studierenden im Verlauf des Semesters herausragende Ergebnisse erzielt haben, die weit über die Anforderungen der Lehrveranstaltung hinausgingen. Wir möchten uns bei allen teilnehmenden Studierenden für Ihren Einsatz bei der Durchführung der Projekte, sowie bei der Erstellung dieses Reports bedanken. T3 - Technische Berichte des Hasso-Plattner-Instituts für Digital Engineering an der Universität Potsdam - 142 KW - operating systems KW - network protocols KW - software/hardware co-design KW - static source-code analysis KW - reverse engineering KW - quantum computing KW - Betriebssysteme KW - Netzwerkprotokolle KW - Software/Hardware Co-Design KW - statische Quellcodeanalyse KW - Reverse Engineering KW - Quanten-Computing Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-526363 SN - 978-3-86956-524-8 SN - 1613-5652 SN - 2191-1665 IS - 142 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Meinel, Christoph A1 - Galbas, Michael A1 - Hagebölling, David T1 - Digital sovereignty: insights from Germany’s education sector T1 - Digitale Souveränität: Erkenntnisse aus dem deutschen Bildungssektor N2 - Digital technology offers significant political, economic, and societal opportunities. At the same time, the notion of digital sovereignty has become a leitmotif in German discourse: the state’s capacity to assume its responsibilities and safeguard society’s – and individuals’ – ability to shape the digital transformation in a self-determined way. The education sector is exemplary for the challenge faced by Germany, and indeed Europe, of harnessing the benefits of digital technology while navigating concerns around sovereignty. It encompasses education as a core public good, a rapidly growing field of business, and growing pools of highly sensitive personal data. The report describes pathways to mitigating the tension between digitalization and sovereignty at three different levels – state, economy, and individual – through the lens of concrete technical projects in the education sector: the HPI Schul-Cloud (state sovereignty), the MERLOT data spaces (economic sovereignty), and the openHPI platform (individual sovereignty). N2 - Digitale Technologien bieten erhebliche politische, wirtschaftliche und gesellschaftliche Chancen. Zugleich ist der Begriff digitale Souveränität zu einem Leitmotiv im deutschen Diskurs über digitale Technologien geworden: das heißt, die Fähigkeit des Staates, seine Verantwortung wahrzunehmen und die Befähigung der Gesellschaft – und des Einzelnen – sicherzustellen, die digitale Transformation selbstbestimmt zu gestalten. Exemplarisch für die Herausforderung in Deutschland und Europa, die Vorteile digitaler Technologien zu nutzen und gleichzeitig Souveränitätsbedenken zu berücksichtigen, steht der Bildungssektor. Er umfasst Bildung als zentrales öffentliches Gut, ein schnell aufkommendes Geschäftsfeld und wachsende Bestände an hochsensiblen personenbezogenen Daten. Davon ausgehend beschreibt der Bericht Wege zur Entschärfung des Spannungsverhältnisses zwischen Digitalisierung und Souveränität auf drei verschiedenen Ebenen – Staat, Wirtschaft und Individuum – anhand konkreter technischer Projekte im Bildungsbereich: die HPI Schul-Cloud (staatliche Souveränität), die MERLOT-Datenräume (wirtschaftliche Souveränität) und die openHPI-Plattform (individuelle Souveränität). T3 - Technische Berichte des Hasso-Plattner-Instituts für Digital Engineering an der Universität Potsdam - 157 KW - digitalization KW - digital sovereignty KW - digital education KW - HPI Schul-Cloud KW - MERLOT KW - openHPI KW - European Union KW - Digitalisierung KW - digitale Souveränität KW - digitale Bildung KW - HPI Schul-Cloud KW - MERLOT KW - openHPI KW - Europäische Union Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-597723 SN - 978-3-86956-561-3 SN - 1613-5652 SN - 2191-1665 IS - 157 SP - 1 EP - 27 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Küken, Anika A1 - Treves, Haim A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran T1 - A simulation-free constrained regression approach for flux estimation in isotopically nonstationary metabolic flux analysis with applications in microalgae JF - Frontiers in plant science : FPLS N2 - Introduction Flux phenotypes from different organisms and growth conditions allow better understanding of differential metabolic networks functions. Fluxes of metabolic reactions represent the integrated outcome of transcription, translation, and post-translational modifications, and directly affect growth and fitness. However, fluxes of intracellular metabolic reactions cannot be directly measured, but are estimated via metabolic flux analysis (MFA) that integrates data on isotope labeling patterns of metabolites with metabolic models. While the application of metabolomics technologies in photosynthetic organisms have resulted in unprecedented data from 13CO2-labeling experiments, the bottleneck in flux estimation remains the application of isotopically nonstationary MFA (INST-MFA). INST-MFA entails fitting a (large) system of coupled ordinary differential equations, with metabolite pools and reaction fluxes as parameters. Here, we focus on the Calvin-Benson cycle (CBC) as a key pathway for carbon fixation in photosynthesizing organisms and ask if approaches other than classical INST-MFA can provide reliable estimation of fluxes for reactions comprising this pathway. Methods First, we show that flux estimation with the labeling patterns of all CBC intermediates can be formulated as a single constrained regression problem, avoiding the need for repeated simulation of time-resolved labeling patterns. Results We then compare the flux estimates of the simulation-free constrained regression approach with those obtained from the classical INST-MFA based on labeling patterns of metabolites from the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorella sorokiniana and Chlorella ohadii under different growth conditions. Discussion Our findings indicate that, in data-rich scenarios, simulation-free regression-based approaches provide a suitable alternative for flux estimation from classical INST-MFA since we observe a high qualitative agreement (rs=0.89) to predictions obtained from INCA, a state-of-the-art tool for INST-MFA. KW - metabolic flux analysis KW - INST-MFA KW - regression KW - 13C labeling KW - algae Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1140829 SN - 1664-462X VL - 14 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dragan, George Bogdan A1 - Arfi, Wissal Ben A1 - Tiberius, Victor A1 - Ammari, Aymen A1 - Ferasso, Marcos T1 - Acceptance of circular entrepreneurship BT - employees’ perceptions on organizations’ transition to the circular economy JF - Journal of business research N2 - The Circular Economy (CE) - based on five principles (reduce, reuse, refurbish, repair, and recycle) - has received increased attention in both academia and practice in recent years. The transition to CE by public and private organizations can be seen as an entrepreneurial act encompassing their strategic policies, business models, structures, and processes. Little is known about the involvement of employees of organizations making this transition. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of organizations’ commitment to the five CE principles on their employees’ perceptions of the usefulness, ease of implementation, and acceptability of the principles. The method used is exploratory, a mixed-method approach combining PLS-SEM and fsQCA. This research contributes to the field by developing a unified theoretical perspective on the entrepreneurial context. It also highlights the impact of CE principles on organizations that are transitioning to more sustainable development. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114461 SN - 0148-2963 SN - 1873-7978 VL - 173 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Puchkov, Dmytro A1 - Müller, Paul Markus A1 - Lehmann, Martin A1 - Matthäus, Claudia T1 - Analyzing the cellular plasma membrane by fast and efficient correlative STED and platinum replica EM JF - Frontiers in cell and developmental biology N2 - The plasma membrane of mammalian cells links transmembrane receptors, various structural components, and membrane-binding proteins to subcellular processes, allowing inter- and intracellular communication. Therefore, membrane-binding proteins, together with structural components such as actin filaments, modulate the cell membrane in their flexibility, stiffness, and curvature. Investigating membrane components and curvature in cells remains challenging due to the diffraction limit in light microscopy. Preparation of 5–15-nm-thin plasma membrane sheets and subsequent inspection by metal replica transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveal detailed information about the cellular membrane topology, including the structure and curvature. However, electron microscopy cannot identify proteins associated with specific plasma membrane domains. Here, we describe a novel adaptation of correlative super-resolution light microscopy and platinum replica TEM (CLEM-PREM), allowing the analysis of plasma membrane sheets with respect to their structural details, curvature, and associated protein composition. We suggest a number of shortcuts and troubleshooting solutions to contemporary PREM protocols. Thus, implementation of super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy offers significant reduction in sample preparation time and reduced technical challenges for imaging and analysis. Additionally, highly technical challenges associated with replica preparation and transfer on a TEM grid can be overcome by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. The combination of STED microscopy and platinum replica SEM or TEM provides the highest spatial resolution of plasma membrane proteins and their underlying membrane and is, therefore, a suitable method to study cellular events like endocytosis, membrane trafficking, or membrane tension adaptations. KW - plasma membrane KW - endocytosis KW - CLEM KW - STED KW - TEM KW - SEM KW - electron microscopy Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2023.1305680 SN - 2296-634X VL - 11 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - THES A1 - von Rebay, Anna T1 - The Designation of Marine Protected Areas BT - a legal obligation N2 - This book provides empirical evidence that all States have a universally binding obligation to adopt national laws and international treaties to protect the marine environment, including the designation of Marine Protected Areas. Chapter by chapter this obligation is detailed, providing the foundation for holding States responsible for fulfilling this obligation. The fundamentals are analysed in a preliminary chapter, which examines the legally binding sources of the Law of the Sea as well as its historical development to help readers understand the key principles at hand. The Law of the Sea provides more than 1000 instruments and more than 300 regulations concerning marine protection. While the scope of most treaties is limited either regarding species, regions or activities, one regulation addresses States in all waters: the obligation to protect and preserve the marine environment as stipulated under Art. 192 of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). As this ‘Constitution of the Ocean’ not only contains conventional laws but also very broadly reflects pre-existing rules of customary international law, an extensive analysis of all statements made by States in the UN General Assembly, their practices, national laws and regulations as well as other public testimonials demonstrates that Art. 192 UNCLOS indeed binds the whole community of States as a rule of customary international law with an erga omnes effect. Due to the lack of any objections and its fundamental value for humankind, this regulation can also be considered a new peremptory norm of international law (ius cogens). While the sovereign equality of States recognises States’ freedom to decide if and how to enter into a given obligation, States can also waive this freedom. If States accepted a legally binding obligation, they are thus bound to it. Concerning the specific content of Art. 192 UNCLOS, a methodical interpretation concludes that only the adoption of legislative measures (national laws and international agreements) suffices to comply with the obligation to protect and preserve the marine environment, which is confirmed by the States’ practices and relevant jurisprudence. When applied to a specific geographical area, legislative measures to protect the marine environment concur with the definition of Marine Protected Areas. Nonetheless, as the obligation applies to all waters, the Grotian principle of the freedom of the sea dictates that the restriction of activities through the designation of Marine Protected Areas, on the one hand, must be weighed against the freedoms of other States on the other. To anticipate the result: while all other rights under the UNCLOS are subject to and contingent on other regulations of the UNCLOS and international law, only the obligation to protect and preserve the marine environment is granted absolutely – and thus outweighs all other interests KW - Marine Protected Areas KW - Marine Conservation Law KW - Marine Protection Law KW - Obligation to Protect the Marine Environment KW - Ocean Litigation KW - Law of the Sea KW - State Obligations KW - UNCLOS Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-031-29174-6 SN - 978-3-031-29177-7 SN - 978-3-031-29175-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29175-3 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - GEN A1 - El Mahmoud, Khaled T1 - ‘Steadfast and unreserved’ BT - is Germany in breach of its obligation to ensure respect for international humanitarian law? T2 - Verfassungsblog : on matters constitutional Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.59704/b01ead5567535025 SN - 2366-7044 PB - Max Steinbeis Verfassungsblog gGmbH CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Piro, Vitor C. A1 - Renard, Bernhard Y. T1 - Contamination detection and microbiome exploration with GRIMER JF - GigaScience N2 - Background: Contamination detection is a important step that should be carefully considered in early stages when designing and performing microbiome studies to avoid biased outcomes. Detecting and removing true contaminants is challenging, especially in low-biomass samples or in studies lacking proper controls. Interactive visualizations and analysis platforms are crucial to better guide this step, to help to identify and detect noisy patterns that could potentially be contamination. Additionally, external evidence, like aggregation of several contamination detection methods and the use of common contaminants reported in the literature, could help to discover and mitigate contamination. Results: We propose GRIMER, a tool that performs automated analyses and generates a portable and interactive dashboard integrating annotation, taxonomy, and metadata. It unifies several sources of evidence to help detect contamination. GRIMER is independent of quantification methods and directly analyzes contingency tables to create an interactive and offline report. Reports can be created in seconds and are accessible for nonspecialists, providing an intuitive set of charts to explore data distribution among observations and samples and its connections with external sources. Further, we compiled and used an extensive list of possible external contaminant taxa and common contaminants with 210 genera and 627 species reported in 22 published articles. Conclusion: GRIMER enables visual data exploration and analysis, supporting contamination detection in microbiome studies. The tool and data presented are open source and available at https://gitlab.com/dacs-hpi/grimer. KW - Contamination KW - Microbiome KW - Visualization KW - Taxonomy Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giad017 SN - 2047-217X VL - 12 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zakrzewski, Tanja T1 - Miguel de Luna as arbitrista BT - Dossier em Honra à Professora Filomena Barros JF - Hamsa : journal of Judaic and Islamic studies : revista de estudos judaicos e islâmicos N2 - This article deals with Miguel de Luna, a Morisco from Granada, who is most famous for his involvement in the Lead Books of Sacromonte affair. In the following pages I will, however, focus on a facet of his life that has been rather neglected. Rather than recount again his activities as translator for Arabic, I will shed light on his work as physician and claim that his medical paper on the benefits of bathing and the reopening of public baths in Granada may very well put him in league with the arbitristas, a group of intellectuals who advised the monarch in economic and financial matters. KW - Arbitrista KW - Granada KW - history of medicine KW - Morisco KW - Muslim Y1 - 2023 UR - https://journals.openedition.org/hamsa/4231 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4000/hamsa.4231 SN - 2183-2633 IS - 9 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Universidade de Évora CY - Évora ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Teich, Paula A1 - Fühner, Thea Heidi A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - Physical fitness of primary school children differs depending on their timing of school enrollment JF - Scientific reports N2 - Previous research has shown that children who were enrolled to school according to the legal key date (i.e., keyage children, between eight and nine years in third grade) exhibited a linear physical fitness development in the ninth year of life. In contrast, children who were enrolled with a delay (i.e., older-than-keyage children [OTK], between nine and ten years in third grade) exhibited a lower physical fitness compared to what would be expected for their age. In these studies, cross-sectional age differences within third grade and timing of school enrollment were confounded. The present study investigated the longitudinal development of keyage and OTK children from third to fifth grade. This design also afforded a comparison of the two groups at the same average chronological age, that is a dissociation of the effects of timing of school enrollment and age. We tested six physical fitness components: cardiorespiratory endurance, coordination, speed, power of lower and upper limbs, and static balance. 1502 children (i.e., 1206 keyage and 296 OTK children) from 35 schools were tested in third, fourth, and fifth grade. Except for cardiorespiratory endurance, both groups developed from third to fourth and from fourth to fifth grade and keyage children outperformed OTK children at the average ages of 9.5 or 10.5 years. For cardiorespiratory endurance, there was no significant gain from fourth to fifth grade and keyage and OTK children did not differ significantly at 10.5 years of age. One reason for a delayed school enrollment could be that a child is (or is perceived as) biologically younger than their chronological age at the school entry examination, implying a negative correlation between chronological and biological age for OTK children. Indeed, a simple reflection of chronological age brought the developmental rate of the chronologically youngest OTK children in line with the developmental rate observed for keyage children, but did not eliminate all differences. The mapping of chronological and biological age of OTK children and other possible reasons for lower physical fitness of OTK children remain a task for future research. KW - Health care KW - Paediatrics KW - Physiology Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-35727-y SN - 2045-2322 VL - 13 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kappel, Christian A1 - Friedrich, Thomas A1 - Oberkofler, Vicky A1 - Jiang, Li A1 - Crawford, Tim A1 - Lenhard, Michael A1 - Bäurle, Isabel T1 - Genomic and epigenomic determinants of heat stress-induced transcriptional memory in Arabidopsis JF - Genome biology : biology for the post-genomic era N2 - Background Transcriptional regulation is a key aspect of environmental stress responses. Heat stress induces transcriptional memory, i.e., sustained induction or enhanced re-induction of transcription, that allows plants to respond more efficiently to a recurrent HS. In light of more frequent temperature extremes due to climate change, improving heat tolerance in crop plants is an important breeding goal. However, not all heat stress-inducible genes show transcriptional memory, and it is unclear what distinguishes memory from non-memory genes. To address this issue and understand the genome and epigenome architecture of transcriptional memory after heat stress, we identify the global target genes of two key memory heat shock transcription factors, HSFA2 and HSFA3, using time course ChIP-seq. Results HSFA2 and HSFA3 show near identical binding patterns. In vitro and in vivo binding strength is highly correlated, indicating the importance of DNA sequence elements. In particular, genes with transcriptional memory are strongly enriched for a tripartite heat shock element, and are hallmarked by several features: low expression levels in the absence of heat stress, accessible chromatin environment, and heat stress-induced enrichment of H3K4 trimethylation. These results are confirmed by an orthogonal transcriptomic data set using both de novo clustering and an established definition of memory genes. Conclusions Our findings provide an integrated view of HSF-dependent transcriptional memory and shed light on its sequence and chromatin determinants, enabling the prediction and engineering of genes with transcriptional memory behavior. KW - Transcriptional memory KW - Priming KW - Heat stress KW - HSFA2 KW - HSFA3 KW - Arabidopsis thaliana KW - Histone H3K4 trimethylation KW - ChIP-seq Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-023-02970-5 SN - 1474-760X VL - 24 IS - 1 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ferreira, Clara Mendes A1 - Dammhahn, Melanie A1 - Eccard, Jana T1 - So many choices, so little time BT - food preference and movement vary with the landscape of fear JF - Ecology and evolution N2 - Spatial and temporal variation in perceived predation risk is an important determinant of movement and foraging activity of animals. Foraging in this landscape of fear, individuals need to decide where and when to move, and what resources to choose. Foraging theory predicts the outcome of these decisions based on energetic trade-offs, but complex interactions between perceived predation risk and preferences of foragers for certain functional traits of their resources are rarely considered. Here, we studied the interactive effects of perceived predation risk on food trait preferences and foraging behavior in bank voles (Myodes glareolus) in experimental landscapes. Individuals (n = 19) were subjected for periods of 24 h to two extreme, risk-uniform landscapes (either risky or safe), containing 25 discrete food patches, filled with seeds of four plant species in even amounts. Seeds varied in functional traits: size, nutrients, and shape. We evaluated whether and how risk modifies forager preference for functional traits. We also investigated whether perceived risk and distance from shelter affected giving-up density (GUD), time in patches, and number of patch visits. In safe landscapes, individuals increased time spent in patches, lowered GUD and visited distant patches more often compared to risky landscapes. Individuals preferred bigger seeds independent of risk, but in the safe treatment they preferred fat-rich over carb-rich seeds. Thus, higher densities of resource levels remained in risky landscapes, while in safe landscapes resource density was lower and less diverse due to selective foraging. Our results suggest that the interaction of perceived risk and dietary preference adds an additional layer to the cascading effects of a landscape of fear which affects biodiversity at resource level. KW - foraging behavior KW - functional traits KW - giving-up density KW - myodes glareolus KW - perceived predation risk KW - seed ecology Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10330 SN - 2045-7758 VL - 13 IS - 7 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stoltnow, Malte A1 - Weis, Philipp A1 - Korges, Maximilian T1 - Hydrological controls on base metal precipitation and zoning at the porphyry-epithermal transition constrained by numerical modeling JF - Scientific reports N2 - Ore precipitation in porphyry copper systems is generally characterized by metal zoning (Cu-Mo to Zn-Pb-Ag), which is suggested to be variably related to solubility decreases during fluid cooling, fluid-rock interactions, partitioning during fluid phase separation and mixing with external fluids. Here, we present new advances of a numerical process model by considering published constraints on the temperature- and salinity-dependent solubility of Cu, Pb and Zn in the ore fluid. We quantitatively investigate the roles of vapor-brine separation, halite saturation, initial metal contents, fluid mixing and remobilization as first-order controls of the physical hydrology on ore formation. The results show that the magmatic vapor and brine phases ascend with different residence times but as miscible fluid mixtures, with salinity increases generating metal-undersaturated bulk fluids. The release rates of magmatic fluids affect the location of the thermohaline fronts, leading to contrasting mechanisms for ore precipitation: higher rates result in halite saturation without significant metal zoning, lower rates produce zoned ore shells due to mixing with meteoric water. Varying metal contents can affect the order of the final metal precipitation sequence. Redissolution of precipitated metals results in zoned ore shell patterns in more peripheral locations and also decouples halite saturation from ore precipitation. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-30572-5 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 13 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Apriyanto, Ardha A1 - Compart, Julia A1 - Fettke, Jörg T1 - Transcriptomic analysis of mesocarp tissue during fruit development of the oil palm revealed specific isozymes related to starch metabolism that control oil yield JF - Frontiers in plant science N2 - The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) produces a large amount of oil from the fruit. However, increasing the oil production in this fruit is still challenging. A recent study has shown that starch metabolism is essential for oil synthesis in fruit-producing species. Therefore, the transcriptomic analysis by RNA-seq was performed to observe gene expression alteration related to starch metabolism genes throughout the maturity stages of oil palm fruit with different oil yields. Gene expression profiles were examined with three different oil yields group (low, medium, and high) at six fruit development phases (4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 22 weeks after pollination). We successfully identified and analyzed differentially expressed genes in oil palm mesocarps during development. The results showed that the transcriptome profile for each developmental phase was unique. Sucrose flux to the mesocarp tissue, rapid starch turnover, and high glycolytic activity have been identified as critical factors for oil production in oil palms. For starch metabolism and the glycolytic pathway, we identified specific gene expressions of enzyme isoforms (isozymes) that correlated with oil production, which may determine the oil content. This study provides valuable information for creating new high-oil-yielding palm varieties via breeding programs or genome editing approaches. KW - starch KW - oil yield KW - fruit development KW - gene expression KW - RNA-seq KW - and palm KW - oil KW - Elaeis guineensis Jacq Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1220237 SN - 1664-462X VL - 14 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Compart, Julia A1 - Singh, Aakanksha A1 - Fettke, Jörg A1 - Apriyanto, Ardha T1 - Customizing starch properties BT - a review of starch modifications and their applications JF - Polymers N2 - Starch has been a convenient, economically important polymer with substantial applications in the food and processing industry. However, native starches present restricted applications, which hinder their industrial usage. Therefore, modification of starch is carried out to augment the positive characteristics and eliminate the limitations of the native starches. Modifications of starch can result in generating novel polymers with numerous functional and value-added properties that suit the needs of the industry. Here, we summarize the possible starch modifications in planta and outside the plant system (physical, chemical, and enzymatic) and their corresponding applications. In addition, this review will highlight the implications of each starch property adjustment. KW - starch KW - starch modification KW - in planta modification KW - physical modification KW - chemical modification KW - enzymatic modification KW - starch application Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15163491 SN - 2073-4360 VL - 15 IS - 16 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berry, Paul E. A1 - Dammhahn, Melanie A1 - Blaum, Niels T1 - Keeping cool on hot days BT - activity responses of African antelope to heat extremes JF - Frontiers in ecology and evolution N2 - Long-lived organisms are likely to respond to a rapidly changing climate with behavioral flexibility. Animals inhabiting the arid parts of southern Africa face a particularly rapid rise in temperature which in combination with food and water scarcity places substantial constraints on the ability of animals to tolerate heat. We investigated how three species of African antelope-springbok Antidorcas marsupialis, kudu Tragelaphus strepsiceros and eland T. oryx-differing in body size, habitat preference and movement ecology, change their activity in response to extreme heat in an arid savanna. Serving as a proxy for activity, dynamic body acceleration data recorded every five minutes were analyzed for seven to eight individuals per species for the three hottest months of the year. Activity responses to heat during the hottest time of day (the afternoons) were investigated and diel activity patterns were compared between hot and cool days. Springbok, which prefer open habitat, are highly mobile and the smallest of the species studied, showed the greatest decrease in activity with rising temperature. Furthermore, springbok showed reduced mean activity over the 24 h cycle on hot days compared to cool days. Large-bodied eland seemed less affected by afternoon heat than springbok. While eland also reduced diurnal activity on hot days compared to cool days, they compensated for this by increasing nocturnal activity, possibly because their predation risk is lower. Kudu, which are comparatively sedentary and typically occupy shady habitat, seemed least affected during the hottest time of day and showed no appreciable difference in diel activity patterns between hot and cool days. The interplay between habitat preference, body size, movement patterns, and other factors seems complex and even sub-lethal levels of heat stress have been shown to impact an animal's long-term survival and reproduction. Thus, differing heat tolerances among species could result in a shift in the composition of African herbivore communities as temperatures continue to rise, with significant implications for economically important wildlife-based land use and conservation. KW - springbok KW - kudu KW - eland KW - dynamic body acceleration KW - tri-axial accelerometers KW - behavioral flexibility KW - climate change KW - savanna ecology Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2023.1172303 SN - 2296-701X VL - 11 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cohen, Sarel A1 - Hershcovitch, Moshik A1 - Taraz, Martin A1 - Kissig, Otto A1 - Issac, Davis A1 - Wood, Andrew A1 - Waddington, Daniel A1 - Chin, Peter A1 - Friedrich, Tobias T1 - Improved and optimized drug repurposing for the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic JF - PLoS one N2 - The active global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic caused more than 426 million cases and 5.8 million deaths worldwide. The development of completely new drugs for such a novel disease is a challenging, time intensive process. Despite researchers around the world working on this task, no effective treatments have been developed yet. This emphasizes the importance of drug repurposing, where treatments are found among existing drugs that are meant for different diseases. A common approach to this is based on knowledge graphs, that condense relationships between entities like drugs, diseases and genes. Graph neural networks (GNNs) can then be used for the task at hand by predicting links in such knowledge graphs. Expanding on state-of-the-art GNN research, Doshi et al. recently developed the Dr-COVID model. We further extend their work using additional output interpretation strategies. The best aggregation strategy derives a top-100 ranking of 8,070 candidate drugs, 32 of which are currently being tested in COVID-19-related clinical trials. Moreover, we present an alternative application for the model, the generation of additional candidates based on a given pre-selection of drug candidates using collaborative filtering. In addition, we improved the implementation of the Dr-COVID model by significantly shortening the inference and pre-processing time by exploiting data-parallelism. As drug repurposing is a task that requires high computation and memory resources, we further accelerate the post-processing phase using a new emerging hardware-we propose a new approach to leverage the use of high-capacity Non-Volatile Memory for aggregate drug ranking. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266572 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 18 IS - 3 PB - PLoS CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kappattanavar, Arpita Mallikarjuna A1 - Hecker, Pascal A1 - Moontaha, Sidratul A1 - Steckhan, Nico A1 - Arnrich, Bert T1 - Food choices after cognitive load BT - an affective computing approach JF - Sensors N2 - Psychology and nutritional science research has highlighted the impact of negative emotions and cognitive load on calorie consumption behaviour using subjective questionnaires. Isolated studies in other domains objectively assess cognitive load without considering its effects on eating behaviour. This study aims to explore the potential for developing an integrated eating behaviour assistant system that incorporates cognitive load factors. Two experimental sessions were conducted using custom-developed experimentation software to induce different stimuli. During these sessions, we collected 30 h of physiological, food consumption, and affective states questionnaires data to automatically detect cognitive load and analyse its effect on food choice. Utilising grid search optimisation and leave-one-subject-out cross-validation, a support vector machine model achieved a mean classification accuracy of 85.12% for the two cognitive load tasks using eight relevant features. Statistical analysis was performed on calorie consumption and questionnaire data. Furthermore, 75% of the subjects with higher negative affect significantly increased consumption of specific foods after high-cognitive-load tasks. These findings offer insights into the intricate relationship between cognitive load, affective states, and food choice, paving the way for an eating behaviour assistant system to manage food choices during cognitive load. Future research should enhance system capabilities and explore real-world applications. KW - cognitive load KW - eating behaviour KW - machine learning KW - physiological signals KW - photoplethysmography KW - electrodermal activity KW - sensors Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146597 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 23 IS - 14 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Garrels, Tim A1 - Khodabakhsh, Athar A1 - Renard, Bernhard Y. A1 - Baum, Katharina T1 - LazyFox: fast and parallelized overlapping community detection in large graphs JF - PEERJ Computer Science N2 - The detection of communities in graph datasets provides insight about a graph's underlying structure and is an important tool for various domains such as social sciences, marketing, traffic forecast, and drug discovery. While most existing algorithms provide fast approaches for community detection, their results usually contain strictly separated communities. However, most datasets would semantically allow for or even require overlapping communities that can only be determined at much higher computational cost. We build on an efficient algorithm, FOX, that detects such overlapping communities. FOX measures the closeness of a node to a community by approximating the count of triangles which that node forms with that community. We propose LAZYFOX, a multi-threaded adaptation of the FOX algorithm, which provides even faster detection without an impact on community quality. This allows for the analyses of significantly larger and more complex datasets. LAZYFOX enables overlapping community detection on complex graph datasets with millions of nodes and billions of edges in days instead of weeks. As part of this work, LAZYFOX's implementation was published and is available as a tool under an MIT licence at https://github.com/TimGarrels/LazyFox. KW - Overlapping community detection KW - Large networks KW - Weighted clustering coefficient KW - Heuristic triangle estimation KW - Parallelized algorithm KW - C++ tool KW - Runtime improvement KW - Open source KW - Graph algorithm KW - Community analysis Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1291 SN - 2376-5992 VL - 9 PB - PeerJ Inc. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gärtner, Thomas A1 - Schneider, Juliana A1 - Arnrich, Bert A1 - Konigorski, Stefan T1 - Comparison of Bayesian Networks, G-estimation and linear models to estimate causal treatment effects in aggregated N-of-1 trials with carry-over effects JF - BMC Medical Research Methodology N2 - Background The aggregation of a series of N-of-1 trials presents an innovative and efficient study design, as an alternative to traditional randomized clinical trials. Challenges for the statistical analysis arise when there is carry-over or complex dependencies of the treatment effect of interest. Methods In this study, we evaluate and compare methods for the analysis of aggregated N-of-1 trials in different scenarios with carry-over and complex dependencies of treatment effects on covariates. For this, we simulate data of a series of N-of-1 trials for Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain based on assumed causal relationships parameterized by directed acyclic graphs. In addition to existing statistical methods such as regression models, Bayesian Networks, and G-estimation, we introduce a carry-over adjusted parametric model (COAPM). Results The results show that all evaluated existing models have a good performance when there is no carry-over and no treatment dependence. When there is carry-over, COAPM yields unbiased and more efficient estimates while all other methods show some bias in the estimation. When there is known treatment dependence, all approaches that are capable to model it yield unbiased estimates. Finally, the efficiency of all methods decreases slightly when there are missing values, and the bias in the estimates can also increase. Conclusions This study presents a systematic evaluation of existing and novel approaches for the statistical analysis of a series of N-of-1 trials. We derive practical recommendations which methods may be best in which scenarios. KW - N-of-1 trials KW - Randomized clinical trials KW - Bayesian Networks; KW - G-estimation KW - Linear model KW - Simulation study KW - Chronic Nonspecific Low KW - Back Pain Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-023-02012-5 SN - 1471-2288 VL - 23 IS - 1 PB - BMC CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Moontaha, Sidratul A1 - Schumann, Franziska Elisabeth Friederike A1 - Arnrich, Bert T1 - Online learning for wearable EEG-Based emotion classification JF - Sensors N2 - Giving emotional intelligence to machines can facilitate the early detection and prediction of mental diseases and symptoms. Electroencephalography (EEG)-based emotion recognition is widely applied because it measures electrical correlates directly from the brain rather than indirect measurement of other physiological responses initiated by the brain. Therefore, we used non-invasive and portable EEG sensors to develop a real-time emotion classification pipeline. The pipeline trains different binary classifiers for Valence and Arousal dimensions from an incoming EEG data stream achieving a 23.9% (Arousal) and 25.8% (Valence) higher F1-Score on the state-of-art AMIGOS dataset than previous work. Afterward, the pipeline was applied to the curated dataset from 15 participants using two consumer-grade EEG devices while watching 16 short emotional videos in a controlled environment. Mean F1-Scores of 87% (Arousal) and 82% (Valence) were achieved for an immediate label setting. Additionally, the pipeline proved to be fast enough to achieve predictions in real-time in a live scenario with delayed labels while continuously being updated. The significant discrepancy from the readily available labels on the classification scores leads to future work to include more data. Thereafter, the pipeline is ready to be used for real-time applications of emotion classification. KW - online learning KW - real-time KW - emotion classification KW - AMIGOS dataset KW - wearable EEG (muse and neurosity crown) KW - psychopy experiments Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052387 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 23 IS - 5 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Streck, Charlotte T1 - Synergies between the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and the Paris Agreement BT - the role of policy milestones, monitoring frameworks and safeguards JF - Climate policy N2 - The 2022 Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) and Paris Agreement (PA) are highly complementary agreements where each depends on the other’s success to be effective. The GBF offers a very specific framework of interim goals and targets that break down the objective of the Convention on Biodiversity (CBD) into a decade-spanning work plan. Comprised of 10 sections – including a 2050 vision and a 2030 mission, four overarching goals and 23 specific targets – the GBF is expected to guide biodiversity policy around the world in the coming years to decades. A similar set of global interim climate policy targets could translate the global temperature goal into concrete policy milestones that would provide policy makers and civil society with reference points for policy making and efforts to hold governments accountable. Beyond inspiring climate policy experts to convert temperature goals into policy milestones, GBF has the potential to strengthen the implementation of the PA at the nexus of biodiversity and climate (adaptation and mitigation) action. For example, the GBF can help to ensure that nature-based climate solutions are implemented with full consideration of biodiversity concerns, of the rights and interests of Indigenous Peoples and local communities, and with fair and transparent benefit sharing arrangements. In sum, the GBF should be mandatory reading for all climate policy makers. KW - climate policy KW - Paris Agreement KW - UNFCCC KW - CBD KW - global biodiversity framework Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2023.2230940 SN - 1469-3062 SN - 1752-7457 VL - 23 IS - 6 SP - 800 EP - 811 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wegmann, Simone T1 - Sven Siefken und Hilmar Rommetvedt (Hrsg.). 2021. Parliamentary committees in the policy process JF - Zeitschrift für vergleichende Politikwissenschaft Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12286-022-00553-5 SN - 1865-2654 VL - 16 IS - 4 SP - 769 EP - 772 PB - VS Verl. für Sozialwissenschaften CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - THES A1 - Bastian, Martin T1 - An emergent machine learning approach for seasonal cyclone activity forecasts N2 - Seasonal forecasts are of great interest in many areas. Knowing the amount of precipitation for the upcoming season in regions of water scarcity would facilitate a better water management. If farmers knew the weather conditions of the upcoming summer at sowing time, they could select those cereal species that are best adapted to these conditions. This would allow farmers to improve the harvest and potentially even reduce the amount of pesticides used. However, the undoubted advantages of seasonal forecasts are often opposed by their high degree of uncertainty. The great challenge of generating seasonal forecasts with lead times of several months mainly originates from the chaotic nature of the earth system. In a chaotic system, even tiny differences in the initial conditions can lead to strong deviations in the system’s state in the long run. In this dissertation we propose an emergent machine learning approach for seasonal forecasting, called the AnlgModel. The AnlgModel combines the analogue method with myopic feature selection and bootstrapping. To benchmark the abilities of the AnlgModel we apply it to seasonal cyclone activity forecasts in the North Atlantic and Northwest Pacific. The AnlgModel demonstrates competitive hindcast skills with two operational forecasts and even outperforms these for long lead times. In the second chapter we comprehend the forecasting strategy of the Anlg-Model. We thereby analyse the analogue selection process for the 2017 North Atlantic and the 2018 Northwest Pacific seasonal cyclone activity. The analysis shows that those climate indices which are known to influence the seasonal cyclone activity, such as the Niño 3.4 SST, are correctly represented among the selected analogues. Furthermore the selected analogues reflect large-scale climate patterns that were identified by expert reports as being determinative for these particular seasons. In the third chapter we analyse the features that are used by the AnlgModel for its predictions. We therefore inspect the feature relevance (FR). The FR patterns learned by the AnlgModel show a high congruence with the predictor regions used by the operational forecasts. However, the AnlgModel also discovered new features, such as the SST anomaly in the Gulf of Guinea during November. This SST pattern exhibits a remarkably high predictive potential for the upcoming Atlantic hurricane activity. In the final chapter we investigate potential mechanisms, that link two of these regions with high feature relevance to the Atlantic hurricane activity. We mainly focus on ocean surface transport. The ocean surface flow paths are calculated using Lagrangian particle analysis. We demonstrate that the FR patterns in the region of the Canary islands do not correspond with ocean surface transport. It is instead likely that these FR patterns fingerprint a wind transport of latent heat. The second region to be studied is situated in the Gulf of Guinea. Our analysis shows that the FR patterns seen there do fingerprint ocean surface transport. However, our simulations also show that at least one other mechanism is involved in linking the Gulf of Guinea SST anomaly in November to the hurricane activity of the upcoming season. In this work the AnlgModel does not only demonstrate its outstanding forecast skills but also shows its capabilities as research tool for detecting oceanic and atmospheric mechanisms. KW - seasonal cyclone activity forecasts Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tiberius, Victor A1 - Weyland, Michael T1 - Identifying constituent elements of entrepreneurship curricula BT - a systematic literature review JF - Administrative sciences N2 - Entrepreneurship education research has a strong “output” focus on impact studies but pays much less attention to the “inside” or process perspective of the way entrepreneurship education occurs. In particular, the scattered previous entrepreneurship curriculum research has not managed to provide a current and comprehensive overview of the curricular elements that constitute entrepreneurship education. To overcome this shortcoming, we aim to identify the teaching objectives, teaching contents, teaching methods, and assessment methods discussed in entrepreneurship curriculum research. To this end, we conducted a systematic literature review on the four entrepreneurship curriculum dimensions and collected all mentioned curriculum items. We used a two-stage coding procedure to find the genuinely entrepreneurship-specific items. Among numerous items (also from business management and other subjects), we found 26 objectives, 34 contents, 11 teaching methods, and 7 assessment methods that were entrepreneurship-specific. Most of these items were addressed by only a few scholarly papers. KW - assessment methods KW - curriculum KW - entrepreneurship education KW - teaching contents KW - teaching methods KW - teaching objectives Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14010001 SN - 2076-3387 VL - 14 IS - 1 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stieglitz, Stefan A1 - Mirbabaie, Milad A1 - Deubel, Annika A1 - Braun, Lea-Marie A1 - Kissmer, Tobias T1 - The potential of digital nudging to bridge the gap between environmental attitude and behavior in the usage of smart home applications JF - International Journal of Information Management N2 - Despite energy efficiency measures, global energy demand has gradually increased due to global economic growth and changes in consumer behavior. Even if people are aware of the problem and want to change their energy consumption, they have difficulty acting on their attitudes. This is called the attitude-behavior gap. To narrow this gap and reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions, behavioral interventions beyond technological advances must be considered. A promising intervention is nudging, which uses insights from behavioral economics to gently nudge individuals toward more sustainable choices. In this study, we investigate how modifying digital choice architectures with nudges can be used to influence consumer energy conservation behavior in smart home applications (SHAs). We conducted an online experiment with 391 participants to test the effectiveness of the following three digital nudges in an SHA: self-commitment, reminder, and social norm nudge. While the results of a structural equation model indicated no effect on bridging the gap between attitude and behavior, we found the potential to promote energy conservation with two nudge types. Thus, this paper makes substantial contribution to persuasive and information systems-enabled sustainability for a better world in the form of digital nudges for emerging technologies. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102665 SN - 0268-4012 SN - 1873-4707 VL - 72 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmermann, Matthias A1 - Scholz, Jana A1 - Agrofylax, Luisa A1 - Engel, Silke A1 - Kampe, Heike A1 - Mikulla, Stefanie T1 - Portal Wissen = Learning JF - Portal Wissen: The research magazine of the University of Potsdam N2 - Changing through learning is one of the most important characteristics we humans have. We are born and can – it seems – do nothing. We have to comprehend, copy, and acquire everything: grasping and walking, eating and speaking. Of course, we also have to read and do number work. In the meantime, we know: We will never be able to finish this. At best, we learn for a lifetime. If we stop, it harms us. The Greek philosopher Plato said more than 2,400 years ago, “There is no shame in not knowing something. The shame is in not being willing to learn.” As humans we are also capable of learning; thanks to more and more knowledge about the world around us, we have moved from the Stone Age into the digital age. That this development is not a finish line either, but that we still have a long way to go, is shown by man-made climate change – and above all by our inability as a global community to translate what research teaches us into appropriate actions. Let us dare to hope that we also comprehend this. What we tend to ignore in the intensive discussion about the multi-layered levels of learning: We are by no means the only learners. Many, if not all, living beings on our planet learn, some more in a more purposeful and complex and more cognitive way than others. And for some time now, machines have also been able to learn more or less independently. Artificial intelligence sends its regards. The significance of learning for human beings can hardly be overestimated. Science has also understood this and has discovered the learning processes and conditions in almost all contexts for itself, no matter whether it is about our own learning processes and conditions or those around us. We have investigated some of these for the current issue of “Portal Wissen”. Psycholinguist Natalie Boll-Avetisyan has developed a box that can be used to detect language learning disorders already in young children. The behavioral biologists Jana Eccard and Valeria Mazza investigated the behavior of small rodents and found out that they do not only develop different personality traits but they also described how they learn to adapt them different environmental conditions. Computer linguist David Schlangen examines the question what machines have to learn so that our communication with them works even better. Since research is ultimately always a learning process that strives to understand something yet unknown, this time all texts are somehow along the motto of the title theme: It is about what the history of past centuries reveals about “military cultures of violence” and the question of what lessons we should learn from natural hazards for the future. We talked with a legal scholar who looks beyond the university’s backyard and wants to make law comprehensible to everyone. We also talked with a philosopher who analyzes why “having an opinion” means something different today than 100 years ago. We report about an AI-based genome analysis that can change healthcare sustainably. Furthermore, it is about the job profile “YouTuber”, minor cosmopolitanisms, and wildlife management in Africa. When you have finished reading, you will have learnt something. Promised! Enjoy your read! T3 - Portal Wissen: The research magazine of the University of Potsdam [Englische Ausgabe] - 01/2023 Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-611464 SN - 2198-9974 IS - 01/2023 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Höchenberger, Ralf A1 - Hummel, Detlev A1 - Seitz, Jürgen ED - Sharma, Neha ED - Goje, Amol ED - Chakrabarti, Amlan ED - Bruckstein, Alfred M. T1 - Do women shy away from cryptocurrency investment? BT - cross-country evidence from survey data T2 - Data management, analytics and innovation N2 - This study utilizes cross-country survey data to analyze differences in attitudes toward cryptocurrency as an alternative to traditional money issued by a central bank. Particularly, we investigate women’s general attitude toward cryptocurrency systems. Results suggest that women invest less into cryptocurrency, show less interest in the future cryptocurrency investment, and see less economic potential in these systems than men do. Further evidence shows that these attitudes are directly connected with lower literacy in cryptocurrency systems. These findings support theory on gender differences in investment behavior. We contribute to the existing literature by conducting a cross-country survey on cryptocurrency attitudes in Europe and Asia, and hence show that this gender effect is robust across these cultures. KW - cryptocurrencies KW - bitcoin KW - financial literacy KW - gender gap KW - risk tolerance Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-981-99-1413-5 SN - 978-981-99-1414-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1414-2_6 SP - 69 EP - 76 PB - Springer Nature CY - Singapore ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kosman, Admiʾel A1 - Lang, David A1 - Finkelman, Yoel T1 - The will is man’s only property BT - A reading of a short passage from Mr. Shoshani JF - The Lehrhaus Y1 - 2023 UR - https://thelehrhaus.com/scholarship/the-will-is-mans-only-property-a-reading-of-a-short-passage-from-mr-shoshani/# ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bosch, Sina A1 - De Cesare, Ilaria A1 - Demske, Ulrike A1 - Felser, Claudia T1 - Word-order variation and coherence in German infinitival complementation JF - The journal of comparative Germanic linguistics N2 - This study provides a synthesis of corpus-based and experimental investigations of word-order preferences in German infinitival complementation. We carried out a systematic analysis of present-day German corpora to establish frequency distributions of different word-order options: extraposition, intraposition, and 'third construction'. We then examined, firstly, whether and to what extent corpus frequencies and processing economy constraints can predict the acceptability of these three word-order variants, and whether subject raising and subject control verbs form clearly distinguishable subclasses of infinitive-embedding verbs in terms of their word-order behaviour. Secondly, our study looks into the issue of coherence by comparing acceptability ratings for monoclausal coherent and biclausal incoherent construals of intraposed infinitives, and by examining whether a biclausal incoherent analysis gives rise to local and/or global processing difficulty. Taken together, our results revealed that (i) whilst the extraposition pattern consistently wins out over all other word-order variants for control verbs, neither frequency nor processing-based approaches to word-order variation can account for the acceptability of low-frequency variants, (ii) there is considerable verb-specific variation regarding word-order preferences both between and within the two sets of raising and control verbs under investigation, and (iii) although monoclausal coherent intraposition is rated above biclausal incoherent intraposition, the latter is not any more difficult to process than the former. Our findings indicate that frequency of occurrence and processing-related constraints interact with idiosyncratic lexical properties of individual verbs in determining German speakers' structural preferences. KW - Syntactic variation KW - German KW - Infinitives KW - Corpus linguistics KW - Acceptability judgements KW - Self-paced reading Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10828-023-09140-8 SN - 1572-8552 VL - 26 IS - 1 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Blanz, Alkis A1 - Eydam, Ulrich A1 - Heinemann, Maik A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias A1 - Moretti, Nikolaj T1 - Fiscal Policy and Energy Price Shocks T2 - CEPA Discussion Papers N2 - The effects of energy price increases are heterogeneous between households and firms. Financially constrained poorer households, who spend a larger relative share of their income on energy, are particularly affected. In this analysis, we examine the macroeconomic and welfare effects of energy price shocks in the presence of credit-constrained households that have subsistence-level energy demand. Within a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model calibrated for the German economy, we compare the performance of different policy measures (transfers and energy subsidies) and different financing schemes (income tax vs. debt). Our results show that credit-constrained households prefer debt over tax financing regardless of the compensation measure due to their difficulty to smooth consumption. On the contrary, rich households tend to prefer tax-financed measures as they increase the labor supply of poor households. From an aggregate perspective, tax-financed measures targeting firms effectively cushion aggregate output losses. T3 - CEPA Discussion Papers - 70 KW - energy prices KW - E-DSGE KW - fiscal policy KW - welfare Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-612763 SN - 2628-653X IS - 70 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Di Bello, Costantino A1 - Hartmann, Alexander K. A1 - Majumdar, Satya N. A1 - Mori, Francesco A1 - Rosso, Alberto A1 - Schehr, Gregory T1 - Current fluctuations in stochastically resetting particle systems JF - Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics N2 - We consider a system of noninteracting particles on a line with initial positions distributed uniformly with density ? on the negative half-line. We consider two different models: (i) Each particle performs independent Brownian motion with stochastic resetting to its initial position with rate r and (ii) each particle performs run -and-tumble motion, and with rate r its position gets reset to its initial value and simultaneously its velocity gets randomized. We study the effects of resetting on the distribution P(Q, t) of the integrated particle current Q up to time t through the origin (from left to right). We study both the annealed and the quenched current distributions and in both cases, we find that resetting induces a stationary limiting distribution of the current at long times. However, we show that the approach to the stationary state of the current distribution in the annealed and the quenched cases are drastically different for both models. In the annealed case, the whole distribution P-an(Q, t) approaches its stationary limit uniformly for all Q. In contrast, the quenched distribution P-qu(Q, t) attains its stationary form for Q < Q(crit)(t), while it remains time dependent for Q > Q(crit)(t). We show that Q(crit)(t) increases linearly with t for large t. On the scale where Q <; Q(crit)(t), we show that P-qu(Q, t) has an unusual large deviation form with a rate function that has a third-order phase transition at the critical point. We have computed the associated rate functions analytically for both models. Using an importance sampling method that allows to probe probabilities as tiny as 10-14000, we were able to compute numerically this nonanalytic rate function for the resetting Brownian dynamics and found excellent agreement with our analytical prediction. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.108.014112 SN - 2470-0045 SN - 2470-0053 VL - 108 IS - 1 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Klippert, Monika A1 - Stolpmann, Robert A1 - Grum, Marcus A1 - Thim, Christof A1 - Gronau, Norbert A1 - Albers, Albert T1 - Knowledge transfer quality improvement BT - the quality enhancement of knowledge transfers in product engineering T2 - Procedia CIRP N2 - Developing a new product generation requires the transfer of knowledge among various knowledge carriers. Several factors influence knowledge transfer, e.g., the complexity of engineering tasks or the competence of employees, which can decrease the efficiency and effectiveness of knowledge transfers in product engineering. Hence, improving those knowledge transfers obtains great potential, especially against the backdrop of experienced employees leaving the company due to retirement, so far, research results show, that the knowledge transfer velocity can be raised by following the Knowledge Transfer Velocity Model and implementing so-called interventions in a product engineering context. In most cases, the implemented interventions have a positive effect on knowledge transfer speed improvement. In addition to that, initial theoretical findings describe factors influencing the quality of knowledge transfers and outline a setting to empirically investigate how the quality can be improved by introducing a general description of knowledge transfer reference situations and principles to measure the quality of knowledge artifacts. To assess the quality of knowledge transfers in a product engineering context, the Knowledge Transfer Quality Model (KTQM) is created, which serves as a basis to develop and implement quality-dependent interventions for different knowledge transfer situations. As a result, this paper introduces the specifications of eight situation-adequate interventions to improve the quality of knowledge transfers in product engineering following an intervention template. Those interventions are intended to be implemented in an industrial setting to measure the quality of knowledge transfers and validate their effect. KW - knowledge transfer KW - product generation engineering KW - improvement KW - quality KW - intervention Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2023.02.171 SN - 2212-8271 VL - 119 SP - 919 EP - 925 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grdseloff, Nastasja A1 - Boulday, Gwenola A1 - Roedel, Claudia J. A1 - Otten, Cecile A1 - Vannier, Daphne Raphaelle A1 - Cardoso, Cecile A1 - Faurobert, Eva A1 - Dogra, Deepika A1 - Tournier-Lasserve, Elisabeth A1 - Abdelilah-Seyfried, Salim T1 - Impaired retinoic acid signaling in cerebral cavernous malformations JF - Scientific reports N2 - The capillary-venous pathology cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is caused by loss of CCM1/Krev interaction trapped protein 1 (KRIT1), CCM2/MGC4607, or CCM3/PDCD10 in some endothelial cells. Mutations of CCM genes within the brain vasculature can lead to recurrent cerebral hemorrhages. Pharmacological treatment options are urgently needed when lesions are located in deeply-seated and in-operable regions of the central nervous system. Previous pharmacological suppression screens in disease models of CCM led to the discovery that treatment with retinoic acid improved CCM phenotypes. This finding raised a need to investigate the involvement of retinoic acid in CCM and test whether it has a curative effect in preclinical mouse models. Here, we show that components of the retinoic acid synthesis and degradation pathway are transcriptionally misregulated across disease models of CCM. We complemented this analysis by pharmacologically modifying retinoic acid levels in zebrafish and human endothelial cell models of CCM, and in acute and chronic mouse models of CCM. Our pharmacological intervention studies in CCM2-depleted human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and krit1 mutant zebrafish showed positive effects when retinoic acid levels were increased. However, therapeutic approaches to prevent the development of vascular lesions in adult chronic murine models of CCM were drug regiment-sensitive, possibly due to adverse developmental effects of this hormone. A treatment with high doses of retinoic acid even worsened CCM lesions in an adult chronic murine model of CCM. This study provides evidence that retinoic acid signaling is impaired in the CCM pathophysiology and suggests that modification of retinoic acid levels can alleviate CCM phenotypes. KW - Developmental biology KW - Molecular medicine Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-31905-0 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 13 IS - 1 PB - Nature Portfolio CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Smith, Taylor A1 - Boers, Niklas T1 - Global vegetation resilience linked to water availability and variability JF - Nature Communications N2 - Quantifying the resilience of vegetated ecosystems is key to constraining both present-day and future global impacts of anthropogenic climate change. Here we apply both empirical and theoretical resilience metrics to remotely-sensed vegetation data in order to examine the role of water availability and variability in controlling vegetation resilience at the global scale. We find a concise global relationship where vegetation resilience is greater in regions with higher water availability. We also reveal that resilience is lower in regions with more pronounced inter-annual precipitation variability, but find less concise relationships between vegetation resilience and intra-annual precipitation variability. Our results thus imply that the resilience of vegetation responds differently to water deficits at varying time scales. In view of projected increases in precipitation variability, our findings highlight the risk of ecosystem degradation under ongoing climate change. Vegetation dynamics depend on both the amount of precipitation and its variability over time. Here, the authors show that vegetation resilience is greater where water availability is higher and where precipitation is more stable from year to year. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36207-7 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 14 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Konigorski, Stefan A1 - Wernicke, Sarah A1 - Slosarek, Tamara A1 - Zenner, Alexander Maximilian A1 - Strelow, Nils A1 - Ruether, Darius Ferenc A1 - Henschel, Florian A1 - Manaswini, Manisha A1 - Pottbäcker, Fabian A1 - Edelman, Jonathan Antonio A1 - Owoyele, Babajide A1 - Danieletto, Matteo A1 - Golden, Eddye A1 - Zweig, Micol A1 - Nadkarni, Girish N. A1 - Böttinger, Erwin T1 - StudyU: A Platform for Designing and Conducting Innovative Digital N-of-1 Trials T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Reihe der Digital Engineering Fakultät N2 - N-of-1 trials are the gold standard study design to evaluate individual treatment effects and derive personalized treatment strategies. Digital tools have the potential to initiate a new era of N-of-1 trials in terms of scale and scope, but fully functional platforms are not yet available. Here, we present the open source StudyU platform, which includes the StudyU Designer and StudyU app. With the StudyU Designer, scientists are given a collaborative web application to digitally specify, publish, and conduct N-of-1 trials. The StudyU app is a smartphone app with innovative user-centric elements for participants to partake in trials published through the StudyU Designer to assess the effects of different interventions on their health. Thereby, the StudyU platform allows clinicians and researchers worldwide to easily design and conduct digital N-of-1 trials in a safe manner. We envision that StudyU can change the landscape of personalized treatments both for patients and healthy individuals, democratize and personalize evidence generation for self-optimization and medicine, and can be integrated in clinical practice. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Reihe der Digital Engineering Fakultät - 12 KW - digital interventions KW - N-of-1 trial KW - SCED KW - single-case experimental design KW - web application KW - mobile application KW - app KW - digital health Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-580370 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lewkowicz, Daniel A1 - Böttinger, Erwin A1 - Siegel, Martin T1 - Economic evaluation of digital therapeutic care apps for unsupervised treatment of low back pain BT - Monte Carlo Simulation JF - JMIR mhealth and uhealth N2 - Background: Digital therapeutic care (DTC) programs are unsupervised app-based treatments that provide video exercises and educational material to patients with nonspecific low back pain during episodes of pain and functional disability. German statutory health insurance can reimburse DTC programs since 2019, but evidence on efficacy and reasonable pricing remains scarce. This paper presents a probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) to evaluate the efficacy and cost-utility of a DTC app against treatment as usual (TAU) in Germany. Objective: The aim of this study was to perform a PSA in the form of a Monte Carlo simulation based on the deterministic base case analysis to account for model assumptions and parameter uncertainty. We also intend to explore to what extent the results in this probabilistic analysis differ from the results in the base case analysis and to what extent a shortage of outcome data concerning quality-of-life (QoL) metrics impacts the overall results. Methods: The PSA builds upon a state-transition Markov chain with a 4-week cycle length over a model time horizon of 3 years from a recently published deterministic cost-utility analysis. A Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 iterations and a cohort size of 10,000 was employed to evaluate the cost-utility from a societal perspective. Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were derived from Veterans RAND 6-Dimension (VR-6D) and Short-Form 6-Dimension (SF-6D) single utility scores. Finally, we also simulated reducing the price for a 3-month app prescription to analyze at which price threshold DTC would result in being the dominant strategy over TAU in Germany. Results: The Monte Carlo simulation yielded on average a euro135.97 (a currency exchange rate of EUR euro1=US $1.069 is applicable) incremental cost and 0.004 incremental QALYs per person and year for the unsupervised DTC app strategy compared to in-person physiotherapy in Germany. The corresponding incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) amounts to an additional euro34,315.19 per additional QALY. DTC yielded more QALYs in 54.96% of the iterations. DTC dominates TAU in 24.04% of the iterations for QALYs. Reducing the app price in the simulation from currently euro239.96 to euro164.61 for a 3-month prescription could yield a negative ICUR and thus make DTC the dominant strategy, even though the estimated probability of DTC being more effective than TAU is only 54.96%. Conclusions: Decision-makers should be cautious when considering the reimbursement of DTC apps since no significant treatment effect was found, and the probability of cost-effectiveness remains below 60% even for an infinite willingness-to-pay threshold. More app-based studies involving the utilization of QoL outcome parameters are urgently needed to account for the low and limited precision of the available QoL input parameters, which are crucial to making profound recommendations concerning the cost-utility of novel apps. KW - cost-utility analysis KW - cost KW - probabilistic sensitivity analysis KW - Monte Carlo simulation KW - low back pain KW - pain KW - economic KW - cost-effectiveness KW - Markov model KW - digital therapy KW - digital health app KW - mHealth KW - mobile health KW - health app KW - mobile app KW - orthopedic KW - QUALY KW - DALY KW - quality-adjusted life years KW - disability-adjusted life years KW - time horizon KW - veteran KW - statistics Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2196/44585 SN - 2291-5222 VL - 11 PB - JMIR Publications CY - Toronto ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Schulte, Christoph T1 - Zimzum BT - God and the origin of the world N2 - Zimzum is the kabbalistic idea that God created the world by limiting his omnipresence. Zimzum originated in the teachings of the sixteenth-century Jewish mystic Isaac Luria and here, Christoph Schulte follows its traces across the Jewish and Christian intellectual history of Europe and North America over four centuries. The Hebrew word zimzum originally means “contraction,” “withdrawal,” “retreat,” “limitation,” and “concentration.” In Kabbalah, zimzum is a term for God’s self-limitation, done before creating the world to create the world. Jewish mystic Isaac Luria coined this term in Galilee in the sixteenth century, positing that the God who was “Ein-Sof,” unlimited and omnipresent before creation, must concentrate himself in the zimzum and withdraw in order to make room for the creation of the world in God’s own center. At the same time, God also limits his infinite omnipotence to allow the finite world to arise. Without the zimzum there is no creation, making zimzum one of the basic concepts of Judaism. The Lurianic doctrine of the zimzum has been considered an intellectual showpiece of the Kabbalah and of Jewish philosophy. The teaching of the zimzum has appeared in the Kabbalistic literature across Central and Eastern Europe, perhaps most famously in Hasidic literature up to the present day and in philosopher and historian Gershom Scholem’s epoch-making research on Jewish mysticism. The Zimzum has fascinated Jewish and Christian theologians, philosophers, and writers like no other Kabbalistic teaching. This can be seen across the philosophy and cultural history of the twentieth century as it gained prominence among such diverse authors and artists as Franz Rosenzweig, Hans Jonas, Isaac Bashevis Singer, Harold Bloom, Barnett Newman, and Anselm Kiefer. This book follows the traces of the zimzum across the Jewish and Christian intellectual history of Europe and North America over more than four centuries, where Judaism and Christianity, theosophy and philosophy, divine and human, mysticism and literature, Kabbalah and the arts encounter, mix, and cross-fertilize the interpretations and appropriations of this doctrine of God’s self-entanglement and limitation. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-1-5128-2436-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.9783/9781512824360 PB - University of Pennsylvania Press CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Clausen, Sünje A1 - Brünker, Felix A1 - Stieglitz, Stefan T1 - Towards responsible augmentation BT - identifying characteristics of AI-based technology with ethical implications for knowledge workers T2 - ACIS 2023 proceedings N2 - Artificial intelligence (AI)-based technologies can increasingly perform knowledge work tasks, such as medical diagnosis. Thereby, it is expected that humans will not be replaced by AI but work closely with AI-based technology (“augmentation”). Augmentation has ethical implications for humans (e.g., impact on autonomy, opportunities to flourish through work), thus, developers and managers of AI-based technology have a responsibility to anticipate and mitigate risks to human workers. However, doing so can be difficult as AI encompasses a wide range of technologies, some of which enable fundamentally new forms of interaction. In this research-in-progress paper, we propose the development of a taxonomy to categorize unique characteristics of AI-based technology that influence the interaction and have ethical implications for human workers. The completed taxonomy will support researchers in forming cumulative knowledge on the ethical implications of augmentation and assist practitioners in the ethical design and management of AI-based technology in knowledge work. KW - artificial intelligence KW - augmentation KW - taxonomy KW - human-AI interaction KW - ethics Y1 - 2023 UR - https://aisel.aisnet.org/acis2023/123/ PB - Australasian Association for Information Systems CY - Wellington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Agthe, Maria A1 - Kayser, Daniela Niesta A1 - Schwarz, Sascha A1 - Maner, Jon K. T1 - Antecedents of the red-romance effect BT - men's attractiveness and women's fertility JF - PLOS ONE / Public Library of Science N2 - The color red has been implicated in a variety of social processes, including those involving mating. While previous research suggests that women sometimes wear red strategically to increase their attractiveness, the replicability of this literature has been questioned. The current research is a reasonably powered conceptual replication designed to strengthen this literature by testing whether women are more inclined to display the color red 1) during fertile (as compared with less fertile) days of the menstrual cycle, and 2) when expecting to interact with an attractive man (as compared with a less attractive man and with a control condition). Analyses controlled for a number of theoretically relevant covariates (relationship status, age, the current weather). Only the latter hypothesis received mixed support (mainly among women on hormonal birth control), whereas results concerning the former hypothesis did not reach significance. Women (N = 281) displayed more red when expecting to interact with an attractive man; findings did not support the prediction that women would increase their display of red on fertile days of the cycle. Findings thus suggested only mixed replicability for the link between the color red and psychological processes involving romantic attraction. They also illustrate the importance of further investigating the boundary conditions of color effects on everyday social processes. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284035 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 18 IS - 4 PB - PLOS CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmicker, Marlen A1 - Frühling, Insa A1 - Menze, Inga A1 - Glanz, Wenzel A1 - Müller, Patrick A1 - Noesselt, Toemme A1 - Müller, Notger Germar T1 - The potential role of gustatory function as an early diagnostic marker for the risk of alzheimer's disease in subjective cognitive decline JF - Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports : JADR N2 - Background: Patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) report memory deterioration and are at an increased risk of converting to Alzheimer's disease (AD) although psychophysical testing does not reveal any cognitive deficit. Objective: Here, gustatory function is investigated as a potential predictor for an increased risk of progressive cognitive decline indicating higher AD risk in SCD. Methods: Measures of smell and taste perception as well as neuropsychological data were assessed in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD): Subgroups with an increased likelihood of the progression to preclinical AD (SCD+) and those with a lower likelihood (SCD-) were compared to healthy controls (HC), patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD patients. The Sniffin' Sticks test contained 12 items with different qualities and taste was measured with 32 taste stripes (sweet, salty, bitter, sour) of different concentration. Results: Only taste was able to distinguish between HC/SCD- and SCD+ patients. Conclusion: This study provides a first hint of taste as a more sensitive marker than smell for detecting preclinical AD in SCD. Longitudinal observation of cognition and pathology are necessary to further evaluate taste perception as a predictor of pathological objective decline in cognition. KW - Alzheimer's disease KW - dementia KW - diagnostic marker KW - early diagnosis KW - subjective cognitive decline KW - taste Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/ADR220092 SN - 2542-4823 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 249 EP - 262 PB - IOS Press CY - Clifton, VA ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Carvalho Souza, Alyson Matheus A1 - Barrocas, Roberta A1 - Fischer, Martin H. A1 - Arnaud, Emanuel A1 - Moeller, Korbinian A1 - Rennó-Costa, César T1 - Combining virtual reality and tactile stimulation to investigate embodied finger-based numerical representations JF - Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation N2 - Finger-based representation of numbers is a high-level cognitive strategy to assist numerical and arithmetic processing in children and adults. It is unclear whether this paradigm builds on simple perceptual features or comprises several attributes through embodiment. Here we describe the development and initial testing of an experimental setup to study embodiment during a finger-based numerical task using Virtual Reality (VR) and a low-cost tactile stimulator that is easy to build. Using VR allows us to create new ways to study finger-based numerical representation using a virtual hand that can be manipulated in ways our hand cannot, such as decoupling tactile and visual stimuli. The goal is to present a new methodology that can allow researchers to study embodiment through this new approach, maybe shedding new light on the cognitive strategy behind the finger-based representation of numbers. In this case, a critical methodological requirement is delivering precisely targeted sensory stimuli to specific effectors while simultaneously recording their behavior and engaging the participant in a simulated experience. We tested the device's capability by stimulating users in different experimental configurations. Results indicate that our device delivers reliable tactile stimulation to all fingers of a participant's hand without losing motion tracking quality during an ongoing task. This is reflected by an accuracy of over 95% in participants detecting stimulation of a single finger or multiple fingers in sequential stimulation as indicated by experiments with sixteen participants. We discuss possible application scenarios, explain how to apply our methodology to study the embodiment of finger-based numerical representations and other high-level cognitive functions, and discuss potential further developments of the device based on the data obtained in our testing. KW - virtual reality KW - numerical cognition KW - finger counting KW - embodied cognition KW - cognitive science KW - virtual environment Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1119561 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 14 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER -