TY - JOUR A1 - Heissel, Andreas A1 - Sanchez, Alba A1 - Pietrek, Anou F. A1 - Bergau, Theresa A1 - Stielow, Christiane A1 - Rapp, Michael A. A1 - Van der Kaap-Deeder, Jolene T1 - Validating the German Short Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale in Individuals with Depression JF - Healthcare N2 - Satisfaction and frustration of the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, as assessed with the 24-item Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS), have been found to be crucial indicators of individuals’ psychological health. To increase the usability of this scale within a clinical and health services research context, we aimed to validate a German short version (12 items) of this scale in individuals with depression including the examination of the relations from need frustration and need satisfaction to ill-being and quality of life (QOL). This cross-sectional study involved 344 adults diagnosed with depression (Mage (SD) = 47.5 years (11.1); 71.8% females). Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the short version of the BPNSFS was not only reliable, but also fitted a six-factor structure (i.e., satisfaction/frustration X type of need). Subsequent structural equation modeling showed that need frustration related positively to indicators of ill-being and negatively to QOL. Surprisingly, need satisfaction did not predict differences in ill-being or QOL. The short form of the BPNSFS represents a practical instrument to measure need satisfaction and frustration in people with depression. Further, the results support recent evidence on the importance of especially need frustration in the prediction of psychopathology. KW - basic psychological need frustration KW - need satisfaction KW - mental health KW - ill-being KW - depression Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11030412 SN - 2227-9032 VL - 11 IS - 3 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - THES A1 - Pietrek, Anou F. T1 - Basic psychological needs and depression in the context of health and exercise N2 - Depressive Erkrankungen gehen mit verminderter Lebenszufriedenheit und reduzierter Arbeitsfähigkeit einher. Die Wartezeit für eine Psychotherapie beträgt in Deutschland derzeit zwischen drei und sechs Monaten. Demnach besteht Bedarf an alternativen, gleichwertigen evidenzbasierten Behandlungsmöglichkeiten, die den Betroffenen niedrigschwellig zugänglich gemacht werden. Eine Vielzahl an empirischen Studien belegt die Wirksamkeit von Sport bei leichten und mittelschweren Depressionen. Zur weiterführenden Konzeption und Qualitätssicherung von Sport als Behandlungsoption ist es notwendig die konkreten Wirkmechanismen zu verstehen. Neben physiologischen spielen auch psychologische Faktoren eine Rolle im Wirkungsgeschehen. Als Metatheorie menschlichen Erlebens und Verhaltens bietet die Selbstbestimmungstheorie (engl.: Self-Determination Theory; SDT) einen nützlichen Bezugsrahmen zum Verständnis psychologischer Wirkmechanismen mit konkreten Ableitungen für die Behandlungspraktik. Die konzeptionelle Erweiterung der SDT um die Frustration psychologischer Grundbedürfnisse erweist sich neben der Bedürfnisbefriedigung zunehmend als hilfreich bei der Untersuchung von psychischen Erkrankungen. Der erste Teil dieser Dissertation besteht aus zwei Publikationen, die relevante Messinstrumente in dem genannten Kontext validieren. Der erste Fragebogen misst das Ausmaß an allgemein erlebter Befriedigung und Frustration der psychologischen Grundbedürfnisse nach Autonomie, Kompetenz und sozialer Eingebundenheit. Der zweite Fragebogen erhebt die erlebte Bedürfnisbefriedigung durch die anleitende Person (hier: Sporttherapeut*in). Der zweite Teil der Dissertation umfasst zwei Publikationen, welche die Befriedigung und Frustration der psychologischen Grundbedürfnisse bei depressiven Symptomen untersuchen und einordnen. Es werden die Unterschiede im Ausmaß an Bedürfnisbefriedigung und Bedürfnisfrustration zwischen einer Stichprobe mit Depression mit einer Stichprobe ohne depressive Symptome untersucht. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Bedürfnisfrustration und depressiven Symptomen wird im Kontext etablierter pathologischer Prozesse (Emotionsdysregulation, Rumination) eingeordnet. Die Hauptergebnisse dieser Arbeiten zeigen, dass die SDT durch die Erweiterung der Basic Psychological Needs Theory um die Dimension der Bedürfnisfrustration ein nun breiteres Spektrum auf dem Gesundheit-Krankheit-Kontinuum abbildet. Dabei fokussiert die SDT auf die psychologische Wirkung von sozialen Umwelten. Neben der Nichterfüllung der psychologischen Grundbedürfnisse ist es vor allem die Bedürfnisfrustration, die einen allgemeinen Vulnerabilitätsfaktor für das Vorkommen psychologischer Erkrankungen darstellt. Zudem weist die unausgewogene Befriedigung der psychologischen Grundbedürfnisse möglicherweise auf ein konflikthaftes Erleben zwischen den Bedürfnissen hin. Für die Behandlungspraktik abzuleiten ist, dass eine autonomieunterstützende Atmosphäre, die die ausgewogene Befriedigung aller drei Bedürfnisse ermöglicht, zentral für den Behandlungserfolg ist. N2 - Depressive disorders are associated with reduced life satisfaction and ability to work. The waiting time for psychotherapy in Germany is currently between three and six months. Accordingly, there is a need for alternative, evidence-based treatment options that are made accessible to patients at a low threshold. A large number of empirical studies prove the effectiveness of exercise in mild and moderate depression. For further conceptualization and quality assurance of exercise as a treatment option, it is necessary to understand the concrete mechanisms of action. In addition to physiological factors, psychological factors also play a role in the effect. As a meta-theory of human experience and behavior, Self-Determination Theory (SDT) provides a useful frame for understanding psychological mechanisms of action with concrete implications for treatment practice. The conceptual extension of SDT to include the frustration of basic psychological needs in addition to need satisfaction is proving useful in the study of mental illness. The first part of this dissertation consists of two publications that validate relevant measurement instruments in this context. The first questionnaire measures the extent of generally experienced satisfaction and frustration of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. The second questionnaire measures the experienced satisfaction of needs by the instructor (here: exercise therapist). The second part of the dissertation includes two publications that examine and classify the satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs in depressive symptoms. Differences in the extent of need satisfaction and need frustration between a sample with depression and a sample without depressive symptoms are examined. Further, the relationship between need frustration and depressive symptoms is placed in the context of established pathological processes (emotional dysregulation, rumination). The main findings of this work show that by adding the dimension of need frustration to Basic Psychological Needs Theory, SDT now covers a broader spectrum on the health-disease continuum. In doing so, SDT focuses on the psychological impact of social environments. In addition to the nonfulfillment of basic psychological needs, it is primarily experienced need frustration that is a general vulnerability factor for the occurrence of psychological illness. Moreover, the unbalanced satisfaction of basic psychological needs possibly indicates a conflicting experience between the needs. For the treatment practice it can be deduced that an autonomy-supporting atmosphere, which enables the balanced satisfaction of all three needs, is central for the treatment success. T2 - Psychologische Grundbedürfnisse und Depression im Kontext von Gesundheit und Sport KW - basic psychological needs KW - depression KW - exercise KW - autonomy support KW - treatment KW - psychologische Grundbedürfnisse KW - Depression KW - Sport KW - Autonomieunterstützung KW - Behandlung Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Förstner, Bernd Rainer A1 - Böttger, Sarah Jane A1 - Moldavski, Alexander A1 - Bajbouj, Malek A1 - Pfennig, Andrea A1 - Manook, Andre A1 - Ising, Marcus A1 - Pittig, Andre A1 - Heinig, Ingmar A1 - Heinz, Andreas A1 - Mathiak, Klaus A1 - Schulze, Thomas G. A1 - Schneider, Frank A1 - Kamp-Becker, Inge A1 - Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas A1 - Padberg, Frank A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias A1 - Bauer, Michael A1 - Rupprecht, Rainer A1 - Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich A1 - Rapp, Michael A. A1 - Tschorn, Mira T1 - The associations of positive and negative valence systems, cognitive systems and social processes on disease severity in anxiety and depressive disorders JF - Frontiers in psychiatry N2 - Background Anxiety and depressive disorders share common features of mood dysfunctions. This has stimulated interest in transdiagnostic dimensional research as proposed by the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) aiming to improve the understanding of underlying disease mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the processing of RDoC domains in relation to disease severity in order to identify latent disorder-specific as well as transdiagnostic indicators of disease severity in patients with anxiety and depressive disorders. Methods Within the German research network for mental disorders, 895 participants (n = 476 female, n = 602 anxiety disorder, n = 257 depressive disorder) were recruited for the Phenotypic, Diagnostic and Clinical Domain Assessment Network Germany (PD-CAN) and included in this cross-sectional study. We performed incremental regression models to investigate the association of four RDoC domains on disease severity in patients with affective disorders: Positive (PVS) and Negative Valance System (NVS), Cognitive Systems (CS) and Social Processes (SP). Results The results confirmed a transdiagnostic relationship for all four domains, as we found significant main effects on disease severity within domain-specific models (PVS: & beta; = -0.35; NVS: & beta; = 0.39; CS: & beta; = -0.12; SP: & beta; = -0.32). We also found three significant interaction effects with main diagnosis showing a disease-specific association. Limitations The cross-sectional study design prevents causal conclusions. Further limitations include possible outliers and heteroskedasticity in all regression models which we appropriately controlled for. Conclusion Our key results show that symptom burden in anxiety and depressive disorders is associated with latent RDoC indicators in transdiagnostic and disease-specific ways. KW - Research Domain Criteria KW - depression KW - anxiety disoders KW - disease severity KW - transdiagnostic KW - RDoC Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1161097 SN - 1664-0640 VL - 14 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Hao A1 - Belanger, Matthew J. A1 - Garbusow, Maria A1 - Kuitunen-Paul, Soeren A1 - Huys, Quentin J. M. A1 - Heinz, Andreas A1 - Rapp, Michael A. A1 - Smolka, Michael N. T1 - Susceptibility to interference between Pavlovian and instrumental control predisposes risky alcohol use developmental trajectory from ages 18 to 24 JF - Addiction biology N2 - Pavlovian cues can influence ongoing instrumental behaviour via Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) processes. While appetitive Pavlovian cues tend to promote instrumental approach, they are detrimental when avoidance behaviour is required, and vice versa for aversive cues. We recently reported that susceptibility to interference between Pavlovian and instrumental control assessed via a PIT task was associated with risky alcohol use at age 18. We now investigated whether such susceptibility also predicts drinking trajectories until age 24, based on AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) consumption and binge drinking (gramme alcohol/drinking occasion) scores. The interference PIT effect, assessed at ages 18 and 21 during fMRI, was characterized by increased error rates (ER) and enhanced neural responses in the ventral striatum (VS), the lateral and dorsomedial prefrontal cortices (dmPFC) during conflict, that is, when an instrumental approach was required in the presence of an aversive Pavlovian cue or vice versa. We found that a stronger VS response during conflict at age 18 was associated with a higher starting point of both drinking trajectories but predicted a decrease in binge drinking. At age 21, high ER and enhanced neural responses in the dmPFC were associated with increasing AUDIT-C scores over the next 3 years until age 24. Overall, susceptibility to interference between Pavlovian and instrumental control might be viewed as a predisposing mechanism towards hazardous alcohol use during young adulthood, and the identified high-risk group may profit from targeted interventions. KW - interference control KW - Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer KW - risky drinking Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.13263 SN - 1355-6215 SN - 1369-1600 VL - 28 IS - 2 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heissel, Andreas A1 - Pietrek, Anou F. A1 - Kangas, Maria A1 - Van der Kaap-Deeder, Jolene A1 - Rapp, Michael A. T1 - The Mediating Role of Rumination in the Relation between Basic Psychological Need Frustration and Depressive Symptoms JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine N2 - Research within the framework of Basic Psychological Need Theory (BPNT) finds strong associations between basic need frustration and depressive symptoms. This study examined the role of rumination as an underlying mechanism in the association between basic psychological need frustration and depressive symptoms. A cross-sectional sample of N = 221 adults (55.2% female, mean age = 27.95, range = 18–62, SD = 10.51) completed measures assessing their level of basic psychological need frustration, rumination, and depressive symptoms. Correlational analyses and multiple mediation models were conducted. Brooding partially mediated the relation between need frustration and depressive symptoms. BPNT and Response Styles Theory are compatible and can further advance knowledge about depression vulnerabilities. KW - psychopathology KW - elf-determination theory KW - response styles theory KW - frustration KW - depressive disorder KW - emotional regulation KW - rumination Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020395 SN - 2077-0383 VL - 12 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ET - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Teich, Paula A1 - Fühner, Thea Heidi A1 - Baehr, Florian A1 - Puta, Christian A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - Covid pandemic effects on the physical fitness of primary school children BT - results of the german EMOTIKON project JF - Sports Medicine - Open N2 - BackgroundIn spring of 2020, the Sars-CoV-2 incidence rate increased rapidly in Germany and around the world. Throughout the next 2 years, schools were temporarily closed and social distancing measures were put in place to slow the spread of the Covid-19 virus. Did these social restrictions and temporary school lockdowns affect children's physical fitness? The EMOTIKON project annually tests the physical fitness of all third-graders in the Federal State of Brandenburg, Germany. The tests assess cardiorespiratory endurance (6-min-run test), coordination (star-run test), speed (20-m sprint test), lower (powerLOW, standing long jump test), and upper (powerUP, ball-push test) limbs muscle power, and static balance (one-legged stance test with eyes closed). A total of 125,893 children were tested in the falls from 2016 to 2022. Primary analyses focused on 98,510 keyage third-graders (i.e., school enrollment according to the legal key date, aged 8 to 9 years) from 515 schools. Secondary analyses included 27,383 older-than-keyage third-graders (i.e., OTK, delayed school enrollment or repetition of a grade, aged 9 to 10 years), who have been shown to exhibit lower physical fitness than expected for their age. Linear mixed models fitted pre-pandemic quadratic secular trends, and took into account differences between children and schools.ResultsThird-graders exhibited lower cardiorespiratory endurance, coordination, speed and powerUP in the Covid pandemic cohorts (2020-2022) compared to the pre-pandemic cohorts (2016-2019). Children's powerLOW and static balance were higher in the pandemic cohorts compared to the pre-pandemic cohorts. From 2020 to 2021, coordination, powerLOW and powerUP further declined. Evidence for some post-pandemic physical fitness catch-up was restricted to powerUP. Cohen's |ds| for comparisons of the pandemic cohorts 2020-2022 with pre-pandemic cohorts 2016-2019 ranged from 0.02 for powerLOW to 0.15 for coordination. Within the pandemic cohorts, keyage children exhibited developmental losses ranging from approximately 1 month for speed to 5 months for cardiorespiratory endurance. For powerLOW and static balance, the positive pandemic effects translate to developmental gains of 1 and 7 months, respectively. Pre-pandemic secular trends may account for some of the observed differences between pandemic and pre-pandemic cohorts, especially in powerLOW, powerUP and static balance. The pandemic further increased developmental delays of OTK children in cardiorespiratory endurance, powerUP and balance.ConclusionsThe Covid-19 pandemic was associated with declines in several physical fitness components in German third-graders. Pandemic effects are still visible in 2022. Health-related interventions should specifically target those physical fitness components that were negatively affected by the pandemic (cardiorespiratory endurance, coordination, speed). KW - Sars-CoV-2 KW - Cohort study KW - Cardiorespiratory endurance KW - Muscle power KW - Physical fitness KW - Youth KW - EMOTIKON KW - Linear mixed models Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-023-00624-1 SN - 2198-9761 VL - 9 IS - 1 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Michirev, Alexej A1 - Kühne, Katharina A1 - Lindemann, Oliver A1 - Fischer, Martin H. A1 - Raab, Markus T1 - How to not induce SNAs BT - the insufficiency of directional force JF - PLoS one N2 - People respond faster to smaller numbers in their left space and to larger numbers in their right space. Here we argue that movements in space contribute to the formation of spatial-numerical associations (SNAs). We studied the impact of continuous isometric forces along the horizontal or vertical cardinal axes on SNAs while participants performed random number production and arithmetic verification tasks. Our results suggest that such isometric directional force do not suffice to induce SNAs. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288038 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 18 IS - 6 PB - PLoS CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tomowski, Maxi A1 - Lozada-Gobilard, Sissi Donna A1 - Jeltsch, Florian A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph T1 - Recruitment and migration patterns reveal a key role for seed banks in the meta-population dynamics of an aquatic plant JF - Scientific reports N2 - Progressive habitat fragmentation threatens plant species with narrow habitat requirements. While local environmental conditions define population growth rates and recruitment success at the patch level, dispersal is critical for population viability at the landscape scale. Identifying the dynamics of plant meta-populations is often confounded by the uncertainty about soil-stored population compartments. We combined a landscape-scale assessment of an amphibious plant's population structure with measurements of dispersal complexity in time to track dispersal and putative shifts in functional connectivity. Using 13 microsatellite markers, we analyzed the genetic structure of extant Oenanthe aquatica populations and their soil seed banks in a kettle hole system to uncover hidden connectivity among populations in time and space. Considerable spatial genetic structure and isolation-by-distance suggest limited gene flow between sites. Spatial isolation and patch size showed minor effects on genetic diversity. Genetic similarity found among extant populations and their seed banks suggests increased local recruitment, despite some evidence of migration and recent colonization. Results indicate stepping-stone dispersal across adjacent populations. Among permanent and ephemeral demes the resulting meta-population demography could be determined by source-sink dynamics. Overall, these spatiotemporal connectivity patterns support mainland-island dynamics in our system, highlighting the importance of persistent seed banks as enduring sources of genetic diversity. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-37974-5 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 13 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arend, Marius A1 - Zimmer, David A1 - Xu, Rudan A1 - Sommer, Frederik A1 - Mühlhaus, Timo A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran T1 - Proteomics and constraint-based modelling reveal enzyme kinetic properties of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii on a genome scale JF - Nature Communications N2 - Metabolic engineering of microalgae offers a promising solution for sustainable biofuel production, and rational design of engineering strategies can be improved by employing metabolic models that integrate enzyme turnover numbers. However, the coverage of turnover numbers for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a model eukaryotic microalga accessible to metabolic engineering, is 17-fold smaller compared to the heterotrophic cell factory Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here we generate quantitative protein abundance data of Chlamydomonas covering 2337 to 3708 proteins in various growth conditions to estimate in vivo maximum apparent turnover numbers. Using constrained-based modeling we provide proxies for in vivo turnover numbers of 568 reactions, representing a 10-fold increase over the in vitro data for Chlamydomonas. Integration of the in vivo estimates instead of in vitro values in a metabolic model of Chlamydomonas improved the accuracy of enzyme usage predictions. Our results help in extending the knowledge on uncharacterized enzymes and improve biotechnological applications of Chlamydomonas. KW - Computational models KW - Enzymes KW - Proteomics Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-40498-1 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 14 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gerlach, Moritz A1 - Glück, Jochen A1 - Kunze, Markus T1 - Stability of transition semigroups and applications to parabolic equations JF - Transactions of the American Mathematical Society N2 - This paper deals with the long-term behavior of positive operator semigroups on spaces of bounded functions and of signed measures, which have applications to parabolic equations with unbounded coefficients and to stochas-tic analysis. The main results are a Tauberian type theorem characterizing the convergence to equilibrium of strongly Feller semigroups and a generalization of a classical convergence theorem of Doob. None of these results requires any kind of time regularity of the semigroup. KW - Transition probabilities KW - strong Feller property KW - asymptotic KW - behavior KW - invariant measure KW - parabolic equations Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1090/tran/8620 SN - 0002-9947 SN - 1088-6850 VL - 376 IS - 1 SP - 153 EP - 180 PB - American Mathematical Soc. CY - Providence ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Marx, Julian A1 - Blanco, Beatriz A1 - Amaral, Adriana A1 - Stieglitz, Stefan A1 - Aquino, Maria Clara T1 - Combating misinformation with internet culture BT - the case of Brazilian public health organizations and their COVID-19 vaccination campaigns JF - Internet research N2 - Purpose This study investigates the communication behavior of public health organizations on Twitter during the COVID-19 vaccination campaign in Brazil. It contributes to the understanding of the organizational framing of health communication by showcasing several instances of framing devices that borrow from (Brazilian) internet culture. The investigation of this case extends the knowledge by providing a rich description of the organizational framing of health communication to combat misinformation in a politically charged environment. Design/methodology/approach The authors collected a Twitter dataset of 77,527 tweets and analyzed a purposeful subsample of 536 tweets that contained information provided by Brazilian public health organizations about COVID-19 vaccination campaigns. The data analysis was carried out quantitatively and qualitatively by combining social media analytics techniques and frame analysis. Findings The analysis showed that Brazilian health organizations used several framing devices that have been identified by previous literature such as hashtags, links, emojis or images. However, the analysis also unearthed hitherto unknown visual framing devices for misinformation prevention and debunking that borrow from internet culture such as “infographics,” “pop culture references” and “internet-native symbolism.” Research limitations/implications First, the identification of framing devices relating to internet culture add to our understanding of the so far little addressed framing of misinformation combat messages. The case of Brazilian health organizations provides a novel perspective to knowledge by offering a notion of internet-native symbols (e.g. humor, memes) and popular culture references for misinformation combat, including misinformation prevention. Second, this study introduces a frontier of political contextualization to misinformation research that does not relate to the partisanship of the spreaders but that relates to the political dilemmas of public organizations with a commitment to provide accurate information to citizens. Practical implications The findings inform decision-makers and public health organizations about framing devices that are tailored to internet-native audiences and can guide strategies to carry out information campaigns in misinformation-laden social media environments. Social implications The findings of this case study expose the often-overlooked cultural peculiarities of framing information campaigns on social media. The report of this study from a country in the Global South helps to contrast several assumptions and strategies that are prevalent in (health) discourses in Western societies and scholarship. Originality/value This study uncovers unconventional and barely addressed framing devices of health organizations operating in Brazil, which provides a novel perspective to the body of research on misinformation. It contributes to existing knowledge about frame analysis and broadens the understanding of frame devices borrowing from internet culture. It is a call for a frontier in misinformation research that deals with internet culture as part of organizational strategies for successful misinformation combat. KW - misinformation KW - internet culture KW - frame analysis KW - social media KW - twitter KW - global south Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-07-2022-0573 SN - 1066-2243 SN - 2054-5657 VL - 33 IS - 5 SP - 1990 EP - 2012 PB - Emerald CY - Bingley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chevalère, Johann A1 - Lazarides, Rebecca A1 - Yun, Hae Seon A1 - Henke, Anja A1 - Lazarides, Claudia A1 - Pinkwart, Niels A1 - Hafner, Verena V. T1 - Do instructional strategies considering activity emotions reduce students’ boredom in a computerized open-ended learning environment? JF - Computers and education N2 - Providing students with efficient instruction tailored to their individual characteristics in the cognitive and affective domains is an important goal in research on computer-based learning. This is especially important when seeking to enhance students' learning experience, such as by counteracting boredom, a detrimental emotion for learning. However, studies comparing instructional strategies triggered by either cognitive or emotional characteristics are surprisingly scarce. In addition, little research has examined the impact of these types of instructional strategies on performance and boredom trajectories within a lesson. In the present study, we compared the effectiveness of an intelligent tutoring system that adapted variable levels of hint details to a combination of students' dynamic, self-reported emotions and task performance (i.e., the experimental condition) to a traditional hint delivery approach consisting of a progressive, incremental supply of details following students' failures (i.e., the control condition). Linear mixed models of time-related changes in task performance and the intensity of boredom over two 1-h sessions showed that students (N = 104) in the two conditions exhibited equivalent progression in task performance and similar trajectories in boredom intensity. However, a consideration of students' achievement levels in the analyses (i.e., their final performance on the task) revealed that higher achievers in the experimental condition showed a reduction in boredom during the first session, suggesting possible benefits of using emotional information to increase the contingency of the hint delivery strategy and improve students’ learning experience. KW - intelligent tutoring system KW - Betty's brain KW - boredom KW - linear mixed models Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2023.104741 SN - 1873-782X SN - 0360-1315 VL - 196 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jaiser, Ralf A1 - Akperov, Mirseid A1 - Timazhev, A. A1 - Romanowsky, Erik A1 - Handorf, Dörthe A1 - Mokhov, I. I. T1 - Linkages between arctic and mid-latitude weather and climate BT - unraveling the impact of changing sea ice and sea surface temperatures during Winter JF - Meteorologische Zeitschrift N2 - The study addresses the question, if observed changes in terms of Arctic-midlatitude linkages during winter are driven by Arctic Sea ice decline alone or if the increase of global sea surface temperatures plays an additional role. We compare atmosphere-only model experiments with ECHAM6 to ERA-Interim Reanalysis data. The model sensitivity experiment is implemented as a set of four combinations of sea ice and sea surface temperature boundary conditions. Atmospheric circulation regimes are determined and evaluated in terms of their cyclone and blocking characteristics and changes in frequency during winter. As a prerequisite, ECHAM6 reproduces general features of circulation regimes very well. Tropospheric changes induced by the change of boundary conditions are revealed and further impacts on the large-scale circulation up into the stratosphere are investigated. In early winter, the observed increase of atmospheric blocking in the region between Scandinavia and the Urals are primarily related to the changes in sea surface temperatures. During late winter, we f nd a weakened polar stratospheric vortex in the reanalysis that further impacts the troposphere. In the model sensitivity study a climatologically weakened polar vortex occurs only if sea ice is reduced and sea surface temperatures are increased together. This response is delayed compared to the reanalysis. The tropospheric response during late winter is inconclusive in the model, which is potentially related to the weak and delayed response in the stratosphere. The model experiments do not reproduce the connection between early and late winter as interpreted from the reanalysis. Potentially explaining this mismatch, we identify a discrepancy of ECHAM6 to reproduce the weakening of the stratospheric polar vortex through blocking induced upward propagation of planetary waves. KW - Weather regimes KW - Blocking KW - Cyclones KW - Wave Propagation KW - Stratosphere Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/metz/2023/1154 SN - 0941-2948 SN - 1610-1227 VL - 32 IS - 3 SP - 173 EP - 194 PB - Schweizerbart CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zavorka, Libor A1 - Blanco, Andreu A1 - Chaguaceda, Fernando A1 - Cucherousset, Julien A1 - Killen, Shaun S. A1 - Lienart, Camilla A1 - Mathieu-Resuge, Margaux A1 - Nemec, Pavel A1 - Pilecky, Matthias A1 - Scharnweber, Inga Kristin A1 - Twining, Cornelia W. A1 - Kainz, Martin J. T1 - The role of vital dietary biomolecules in eco-evo-devo dynamics JF - Trends in ecology and evolution N2 - The physiological dependence of animals on dietary intake of vitamins, amino acids, and fatty acids is ubiquitous. Sharp differences in the availability of these vital dietary biomolecules among different resources mean that consumers must adopt a range of strategies to meet their physiological needs. We review the emerging work on omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, focusing predominantly on predator-prey interactions, to illustrate that trade-off between capacities to consume resources rich in vital biomolecules and internal synthesis capacity drives differences in phenotype and fitness of consumers. This can then feedback to impact ecosystem functioning. We outline how focus on vital dietary biomolecules in eco-eco-devo dynamics can improve our understanding of anthropogenic changes across multiple levels of biological organization. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2022.08.010 SN - 0169-5347 SN - 1872-8383 VL - 38 IS - 1 SP - 72 EP - 84 PB - Cell Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eckstein, Lars T1 - Hawaiki according to Tupaia BT - glimpses of knowing home in precolonial remote Oceania JF - Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik : ZAA ; a quarterly of language, literature and culture N2 - This essay looks into the concept of an ancestral homeland in Remote Oceania, commonly referred to as Hawaiki (‘Avaiki; Havai‘i; Hawai‘i). Hawaiki intriguingly challenges Eurocentric notions of ‘home.’ Following the rapid settlement of the so-called Polynesian triangle from Samoa/Tonga at around 1000 AD, Hawaiki has emerged as a concept that is both mythological and real; genealogical and geographic; singular and yet portable, existing in plural regional manifestations. I argue that predominantly Pakeha/Popa‘ā research trying to identify Hawaiki as a singular and geographically fixed homeland is misleading. I tap into the archive surrounding the Ra‘iātean tahu‘a and master navigator Tupaia who joined Captain Cook’s crew during his first voyage to the Pacific to offer glimpses of an alternative ontology of home and epistemology of Oceanic ‘homing.’ KW - Hawaiki KW - Tupaia’s Map KW - Oceania KW - Indigenous ontology and epistemology Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/zaa-2023-2006 SN - 0044-2305 SN - 2196-4726 VL - 71 IS - 1 SP - 55 EP - 69 PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ilicic, Doris A1 - Woodhouse, Jason Nicholas A1 - Karsten, Ulf A1 - Zimmermann, Jonas A1 - Wichard, Thomas A1 - Quartino, Maria Liliana A1 - Campana, Gabriela Laura A1 - Livenets, Alexandra A1 - Van den Wyngaert, Silke A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter T1 - Antarctic Glacial Meltwater Impacts the Diversity of Fungal Parasites Associated With Benthic Diatoms in Shallow Coastal Zones T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Aquatic ecosystems are frequently overlooked as fungal habitats, although there is increasing evidence that their diversity and ecological importance are greater than previously considered. Aquatic fungi are critical and abundant components of nutrient cycling and food web dynamics, e.g., exerting top-down control on phytoplankton communities and forming symbioses with many marine microorganisms. However, their relevance for microphytobenthic communities is almost unexplored. In the light of global warming, polar regions face extreme changes in abiotic factors with a severe impact on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Therefore, this study aimed to describe, for the first time, fungal diversity in Antarctic benthic habitats along the salinity gradient and to determine the co-occurrence of fungal parasites with their algal hosts, which were dominated by benthic diatoms. Our results reveal that Ascomycota and Chytridiomycota are the most abundant fungal taxa in these habitats. We show that also in Antarctic waters, salinity has a major impact on shaping not just fungal but rather the whole eukaryotic community composition, with a diversity of aquatic fungi increasing as salinity decreases. Moreover, we determined correlations between putative fungal parasites and potential benthic diatom hosts, highlighting the need for further systematic analysis of fungal diversity along with studies on taxonomy and ecological roles of Chytridiomycota. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1290 KW - Antarctica KW - aquatic fungi KW - Chytridiomycota KW - phytoplankton host KW - salinity gradient KW - Illumina amplicon sequencing KW - Carlini Station Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-572895 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1290 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rossetto, Alessia A1 - Toraldo, Alessio A1 - Laratta, Stefania A1 - Tonin, Paolo A1 - Poletto, Cecilia A1 - Bencini, Giulia A1 - Semenza, Carlo T1 - Linguistic structure modulates attention in reading: evidence from negative concord in Italian JF - Cognitive neuropsychology N2 - We report the reading performance of an Italian speaker with egocentric Neglect Dyslexia on sentences with Negative Concord structures, which contain a linguistic cue to the presence of a preceding negative marker and compare it to sentences with no such cue. As predicted, the frequency of reading the whole sentence, including the initial negative marker non, was higher in Negative Concord structures than in sentences which also started with non, but crucially, lacked the medially positioned linguistic cue to the presence of non. These data support the claim that the presence of linguistic cues to sentence structure modulates attention during reading in Neglect Dyslexia. KW - neglect dyslexia KW - syntax KW - negative concord KW - Italian KW - unilateral neglect KW - visual attention Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2023.2199918 SN - 0264-3294 SN - 1464-0627 VL - 39 IS - 5-8 SP - 356 EP - 374 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London [u.a.] ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Zerfaß, Ansgar A1 - Stieglitz, Stefan A1 - Clausen, Sünje A1 - Ziegele, Daniel A1 - Berger, Karen T1 - Communications trend radar 2023 BT - state revival, scarcity management, unimagination, augmented workflows & parallel worlds T2 - Communication insights N2 - How do social changes, new technologies or new management trends affect communication work? A team of researchers at Leipzig University and the University of Potsdam (Germany) observed new developments in related disciplines. As a result, the five most important trends for corporate communications are identified annually and published in the Communications Trend Radar. Thus, Communications managers can identify challenges and opportunities at an early stage, take a position, address issues and make decisions. For 2023, the Communications Trend Radar identifies five key trends for corporate communications: State Revival, Scarcity Management, Unimagination, Parallel Worlds, Augemented Workflows. KW - public relation KW - trend KW - country KW - stakeholders KW - bottleneck KW - resilience KW - artificial intelligence KW - virtual reality Y1 - 2023 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/10419/270993 U6 - https://doi.org/10419/270993 SN - 2749-893X VL - 17 PB - Academic Society for Management & Communication CY - Leipzig ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vitagliano, Gerardo A1 - Hameed, Mazhar A1 - Jiang, Lan A1 - Reisener, Lucas A1 - Wu, Eugene A1 - Naumann, Felix T1 - Pollock: a data loading benchmark JF - Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment N2 - Any system at play in a data-driven project has a fundamental requirement: the ability to load data. The de-facto standard format to distribute and consume raw data is CSV. Yet, the plain text and flexible nature of this format make such files often difficult to parse and correctly load their content, requiring cumbersome data preparation steps. We propose a benchmark to assess the robustness of systems in loading data from non-standard CSV formats and with structural inconsistencies. First, we formalize a model to describe the issues that affect real-world files and use it to derive a systematic lpollutionz process to generate dialects for any given grammar. Our benchmark leverages the pollution framework for the csv format. To guide pollution, we have surveyed thousands of real-world, publicly available csv files, recording the problems we encountered. We demonstrate the applicability of our benchmark by testing and scoring 16 different systems: popular csv parsing frameworks, relational database tools, spreadsheet systems, and a data visualization tool. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.14778/3594512.3594518 SN - 2150-8097 VL - 16 IS - 8 SP - 1870 EP - 1882 PB - Association for Computing Machinery CY - New York ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Clausen, Sünje A1 - Stieglitz, Stefan A1 - Wloka, Michelle T1 - Between reality & fantasy BT - transforming influencer relations through synthetic media T2 - Communication insights N2 - Synthetische Medien ermöglichen die zunehmend automatisierte Erstellung virtueller Influencer, von denen bereits einige Millionen Follower in sozialen Medien gewonnen haben. Unter der Leitung von Professor Stefan Stieglitz und Sünje Clausen (Universität Potsdam) und in Kooperation mit Sanofi hat ein Forschungsprojekt untersucht, wie computergenerierten Charaktere für die Influencer-Kommunikation im Unternehmensumfeld genutzt werden können. Nähere Informationen zu den Forschungsergebnissen können in der Communication Insights nachgelesen werden: eine kurze Einführung in die Influencer-Kommunikation, potenziellen Vorteile als auch Herausforderungen von virtuellen Influencern, Tipps für den Prozess der Gestaltung und Nutzung eines virtuellen Influencers. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://hdl.handle.net/10419/280991 U6 - https://doi.org/10419/280991 SN - 2749-893X VL - 19 PB - Academic Society for Management & Communication CY - Leipzig ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meyer, Dominique M.-A. A1 - Pohl, Martin A1 - Petrov, Miroslav A1 - Egberts, Kathrin T1 - Mixing of materials in magnetized core-collapse supernova remnants JF - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society N2 - Core-collapse supernova remnants are structures of the interstellar medium (ISM) left behind the explosive death of most massive stars ( ?40 M-?). Since they result in the expansion of the supernova shock wave into the gaseous environment shaped by the star's wind history, their morphology constitutes an insight into the past evolution of their progenitor star. Particularly, fast-mo ving massiv e stars can produce asymmetric core-collapse superno va remnants. We inv estigate the mixing of materials in core-collapse supernova remnants generated by a moving massive 35 M-? star, in a magnetized ISM. Stellar rotation and the wind magnetic field are time-dependently included into the models which follow the entire evolution of the stellar surroundings from the zero-age main-sequence to 80 kyr after the supernova explosion. It is found that very little main-sequence material is present in remnants from moving stars, that the Wolf-Rayet wind mixes very efficiently within the 10 kyr after the explosion, while the red supergiant material is still unmixed by 30 per cent within 50 kyr after the supernova. Our results indicate that the faster the stellar motion, the more complex the internal organization of the supernova remnant and the more ef fecti ve the mixing of ejecta therein. In contrast, the mixing of stellar wind material is only weakly affected by progenitor motion, if at all. KW - ISM : supernova remnants KW - (magnetohydrodynamics) MHD KW - stars evolution KW - stars: massive Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad906 SN - 0035-8711 SN - 1365-2966 VL - 521 IS - 4 SP - 5354 EP - 5371 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klose, Tim A1 - Guillemoteau, Julien A1 - Vignoli, Giulio A1 - Walter, Judith A1 - Herrmann, Andreas A1 - Tronicke, Jens T1 - Structurally constrained inversion by means of a Minimum Gradient Support regularizer: examples of FD-EMI data inversion constrained by GPR reflection data JF - Geophysical journal international N2 - Many geophysical inverse problems are known to be ill-posed and, thus, requiring some kind of regularization in order to provide a unique and stable solution. A possible approach to overcome the inversion ill-posedness consists in constraining the position of the model interfaces. For a grid-based parameterization, such a structurally constrained inversion can be implemented by adopting the usual smooth regularization scheme in which the local weight of the regularization is reduced where an interface is expected. By doing so, sharp contrasts are promoted at interface locations while standard smoothness constraints keep affecting the other regions of the model. In this work, we present a structurally constrained approach and test it on the inversion of frequency-domain electromagnetic induction (FD-EMI) data using a regularization approach based on the Minimum Gradient Support stabilizer, which is capable to promote sharp transitions everywhere in the model, i.e., also in areas where no structural a prioriinformation is available. Using 1D and 2D synthetic data examples, we compare the proposed approach to a structurally constrained smooth inversion as well as to more standard (i.e., not structurally constrained) smooth and sharp inversions. Our results demonstrate that the proposed approach helps in finding a better and more reliable reconstruction of the subsurface electrical conductivity distribution, including its structural characteristics. Furthermore, we demonstrate that it allows to promote sharp parameter variations in areas where no structural information are available. Lastly, we apply our structurally constrained scheme to FD-EMI field data collected at a field site in Eastern Germany to image the thickness of peat deposits along two selected profiles. In this field example, we use collocated constant offset ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data to derive structural a priori information to constrain the inversion of the FD-EMI data. The results of this case study demonstrate the effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed approach. KW - Controlled source electromagnetics (CSEM) KW - Inverse theory KW - Electrical properties KW - Ground penetrating radar KW - Frequency Domain Electromagnetics KW - Inversion Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggad041 SN - 0956-540X SN - 1365-246X VL - 233 IS - 3 SP - 1938 EP - 1949 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stieglitz, Stefan A1 - Fromm, Jennifer A1 - Kocur, Alexander A1 - Rostalski, Frauke A1 - Duda, Michelle A1 - Evans, Alison A1 - Rieskamp, Jonas A1 - Sievi, Luzia A1 - Pawelec, Maria A1 - Heesen, Jessica A1 - Loh, Wulf A1 - Fuchß, Christoph A1 - Eyilmez, Kaan T1 - What measures can government institutions in Germany take against digital disinformation? BT - a systematic literature review and ethical-legal discussion T2 - Wirtschaftsinformatik 2023 Proceedings N2 - Disinformation campaigns spread rapidly through social media and can cause serious harm, especially in crisis situations, ranging from confusion about how to act to a loss of trust in government institutions. Therefore, the prevention of digital disinformation campaigns represents an important research topic. However, previous research in the field of information systems focused on the technical possibilities to detect and combat disinformation, while ethical and legal perspectives have been neglected so far. In this article, we synthesize previous information systems literature on disinformation prevention measures and discuss these measures from an ethical and legal perspective. We conclude by proposing questions for future research on the prevention of disinformation campaigns from an IS, ethical, and legal perspective. In doing so, we contribute to a balanced discussion on the prevention of digital disinformation campaigns that equally considers technical, ethical, and legal issues, and encourage increased interdisciplinary collaboration in future research. KW - disinformation campaigns KW - social media KW - ethical implications KW - legal implications KW - government agencies Y1 - 2023 UR - https://aisel.aisnet.org/wi2023/20/ PB - AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) CY - [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Salzer, Dorothea M. ED - Käbisch, David ED - von der Krone, Kerstin ED - Wiese, Christian T1 - "God Is Not Just One People's God, Not a National God, But the Only God of All Nations" BT - religious knowledge in Jewish children's Bibles T2 - Religious knowledge and positioning - the case of nineteenth-century educational media Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-11-079590-5 SN - 978-3-11-078450-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110795905-009 VL - 3 SP - 117 EP - 132 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - BOOK ED - Rothermel, Ann-Kathrin ED - Shepherd, Laura J. T1 - Gender and the governance of terrorism and violent extremism N2 - This book brings together a variety of innovative perspectives on the inclusion of gender in the governance of (counter-)terrorism and violent extremism. Several global governance initiatives launched in recent years have explicitly sought to integrate concern for gender equality and gendered harms into efforts to counter terrorism and violent extremism (CT/CVE). As a result, commitments to gender-sensitivity and gender equality in international and regional CT/CVE initiatives, in national action plans and at the level of civil society programming, ´have become a common aspect of the multilevel governance of terrorism and violent extremism. In light of these developments, there is a need for more systematic analysis of how concerns about gender are being incorporated in the governance of (counter-)terrorism and violent extremism and how it has affected (gendered) practices and power relations in counterterrorism policy-making and implementation. Ranging from the processes of global and regional integration of gender into the governance of terrorism, via the impact of the shift on government responses to the return of foreign fighters, to state and civil society-led CVE programming and academic discussions, the essays engage with the origins and dynamics behind recent shifts which bring gender to the forefront of the governance of terrorism. This book will be of great value to researchers and scholars interested in gender, governance and terrorism. The chapters in this book were originally published in Critical Studies on Terrorism. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-1-003-38126-6 SN - 978-1-032-46347-6 SN - 978-1-032-46348-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003381266 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - BOOK ED - Rauschenbach, Sina ED - Hirsch, Jonathan ED - Schapkow, Carsten T1 - Sephardic History Beyond Europe N2 - This year’s edition of the Yearbook of the Selma Stern Center for Jewish Studies Berlin-Brandenburg (ZJS) highlights innovative approaches to the study of Sephardic history in colonial and postcolonial contexts beyond Europe. The authors intertwine the particularities of their case studies with reflections on patterns of belonging, memorial cultures, and a transnational network of connections spanning from early modern times to the twentieth century. In the context of the early modern Atlantic world, two essays explore the notion of a Sephardic empire among Portuguese Jewish communities as well as transatlantic entanglements in and beyond the Danish Caribbean. In the frameworks of Spain as well as (post-)colonial Egypt and Morocco, three articles reflect on Jewish citizenship, modes of belonging, and present-day commemorative events of Jewish history across the Mediterranean and beyond. These collected contributions are the outcome of activities at the ZJS dedicated to Sephardic Studies during the academic year 2020—21. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-95565-635-5 VL - 8 PB - Hentrich & Hentrich CY - Berlin, Leipzig ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Peppler, Lisa A1 - Feißt, Martin A1 - Schneider, Anna A1 - Apelt, Maja A1 - Schenk, Liane T1 - Beyond one-sided expectations of integration BT - rethinking international nurse migration to Germany T2 - European journal of public health N2 - Background: Like most countries, Germany is currently recruiting international nurses due to staff shortages. While these are mostly academic, the academisation of nursing in Germany has only just begun. This allows for a broader look at the participation of migrant nurses: How do care teams deal with the fact that immigrant colleagues are theoretically more highly qualified than long-established colleagues? Methods: Case studies were conducted in four inpatient care teams of two hospitals in 2022. Qualitative data include 26 observation protocols, 4 group discussions and 17 guided interviews. These were analysed using the documentary method and validated intersubjectively. Results: Due to current academisation efforts in Germany and the immigration of academised nursing staff from abroad, the areas of activity and responsibility of nursing in Germany are under negotiating pressure. This concerns basic care for example, which in Germany is provided by skilled workers, but in other countries is mostly provided by assistants or relatives. The question of who should provide basic care, whether all nurses or only nursing assistants, documents the struggle between an established and a new understanding of care. In this context, the knowledge and skills of migrant and academicised care workers become a crucial aspect in the struggle for a new professional identity for care in Germany. Conclusions: The specific situation in Germany makes it possible to show the potential for change that international care migration can constitute for destination countries. The far-reaching process of change of German nursing is given a further dimension not only by its academization, but by the immigration of international and academically trained nursing staff, where inclusive or exclusive effects can already be observed. Key messages: The increasing proportion of migrant nurses accelerates the current discussion on nursing in Germany. Conflict areas show up in everyday work of care teams and must be addressed there. KW - emigration and immigration KW - Germany KW - inpatients KW - negotiating KW - nurses KW - nursing staff KW - immigrants KW - professional identity Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckad160.1484 SN - 1101-1262 SN - 1464-360X VL - 33 IS - Supplement 2 PB - Oxford University Press CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Borck, Rainald ED - Zimmermann, Klaus F. T1 - Energy policies, agglomeration, and pollution T2 - Handbook of labor, human resources and population economics N2 - This chapter reviews the interplay of agglomeration and pollution as well as the effect of energy policies on pollution in an urban context. It starts by describing the effect of agglomeration on pollution. While this effect is theoretically ambiguous, empirical research tends to find that larger cities are more polluted, but per capita emissions fall with city size. The chapter discusses the implications for optimal city size. Conversely, urban pollution tends to discourage agglomeration if larger cities are more exposed to pollution. The chapter then considers various energy policies and their effect on urban pollution. Specifically, it looks at the effects of energy and transport policies as well as urban policies such as zoning. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-319-57365-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57365-6_421-1 PB - Springer International Publishing CY - Cham ER - TY - THES A1 - Khosravi, Sara T1 - The effect of new turbulence parameterizations for the stable surface layer on simulations of the Arctic climate T1 - Die Auswirkung neuer Turbulenzparametrisierungen auf die stabile Grenzschicht in Simulationen des arktischen Klimas N2 - Arctic climate change is marked by intensified warming compared to global trends and a significant reduction in Arctic sea ice which can intricately influence mid-latitude atmospheric circulation through tropo- and stratospheric pathways. Achieving accurate simulations of current and future climate demands a realistic representation of Arctic climate processes in numerical climate models, which remains challenging. Model deficiencies in replicating observed Arctic climate processes often arise due to inadequacies in representing turbulent boundary layer interactions that determine the interactions between the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean. Many current climate models rely on parameterizations developed for mid-latitude conditions to handle Arctic turbulent boundary layer processes. This thesis focuses on modified representation of the Arctic atmospheric processes and understanding their resulting impact on large-scale mid-latitude atmospheric circulation within climate models. The improved turbulence parameterizations, recently developed based on Arctic measurements, were implemented in the global atmospheric circulation model ECHAM6. This involved modifying the stability functions over sea ice and ocean for stable stratification and changing the roughness length over sea ice for all stratification conditions. Comprehensive analyses are conducted to assess the impacts of these modifications on ECHAM6's simulations of the Arctic boundary layer, overall atmospheric circulation, and the dynamical pathways between the Arctic and mid-latitudes. Through a step-wise implementation of the mentioned parameterizations into ECHAM6, a series of sensitivity experiments revealed that the combined impacts of the reduced roughness length and the modified stability functions are non-linear. Nevertheless, it is evident that both modifications consistently lead to a general decrease in the heat transfer coefficient, being in close agreement with the observations. Additionally, compared to the reference observations, the ECHAM6 model falls short in accurately representing unstable and strongly stable conditions. The less frequent occurrence of strong stability restricts the influence of the modified stability functions by reducing the affected sample size. However, when focusing solely on the specific instances of a strongly stable atmosphere, the sensible heat flux approaches near-zero values, which is in line with the observations. Models employing commonly used surface turbulence parameterizations were shown to have difficulties replicating the near-zero sensible heat flux in strongly stable stratification. I also found that these limited changes in surface layer turbulence parameterizations have a statistically significant impact on the temperature and wind patterns across multiple pressure levels, including the stratosphere, in both the Arctic and mid-latitudes. These significant signals vary in strength, extent, and direction depending on the specific month or year, indicating a strong reliance on the background state. Furthermore, this research investigates how the modified surface turbulence parameterizations may influence the response of both stratospheric and tropospheric circulation to Arctic sea ice loss. The most suitable parameterizations for accurately representing Arctic boundary layer turbulence were identified from the sensitivity experiments. Subsequently, the model's response to sea ice loss is evaluated through extended ECHAM6 simulations with different prescribed sea ice conditions. The simulation with adjusted surface turbulence parameterizations better reproduced the observed Arctic tropospheric warming in vertical extent, demonstrating improved alignment with the reanalysis data. Additionally, unlike the control experiments, this simulation successfully reproduced specific circulation patterns linked to the stratospheric pathway for Arctic-mid-latitude linkages. Specifically, an increased occurrence of the Scandinavian-Ural blocking regime (negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation) in early (late) winter is observed. Overall, it can be inferred that improving turbulence parameterizations at the surface layer can improve the ECHAM6's response to sea ice loss. N2 - Der Klimawandel in der Arktis ist durch eine im Vergleich zum globalen Klimawandel verstärkte Erwärmung und einem damit verbundenen starken Rückgang des arktischen Meereises gekennzeichnet. Da dieser verstärkte Klimawandel in der Arktis die atmosphärische Zirkulation in den mittleren Breiten auf komplexe Weise über tropo- und stratosphärische Pfade beeinflussen kann, ist eine realistische Darstellung arktischer Prozesse in numerischen Klimamodellen für zuverlässige Simulationen gegenwärtiger und zukünftiger Klimaänderungen notwendig, stellt aber nach wie vor eine Herausforderung dar. Ein wesentlicher Grund für Modelldefizite bei der Reproduktion der beobachteten arktischen Klimaprozesse sind Unzulänglichkeiten bei der Darstellung von turbulenten Grenzschichtprozessen, die die Wechselwirkung zwischen Atmosphäre, Meereis und Ozean bestimmen. Gegenwärtige Klimamodelle verwenden für die Darstellung von turbulenten Grenzschichtprozessen in der Arktis häufig Parametrisierungen, die für Bedingungen in mittleren Breiten entwickelt wurden. Diese Arbeit zielt auf eine bessere Darstellung arktischer atmosphärischer Prozesse in Klimamodellen und ein besseres Verständnis der daraus resultierenden Auswirkungen auf die simulierte großskalige atmosphärische Zirkulation in mittleren Breiten ab. Aus diesem Grund wurde in dieser Arbeit eine Hierarchie von verbesserten Turbulenzparametrisierungen in das globale atmosphärische Zirkulationsmodell ECHAM6 implementiert, die basierend auf arktischen Messungen kürzlich entwickelt wurden. Dabei wurden die Stabilitätsfunktionen über Meereis und Ozean für stabile Schichtung sowie die Rauhigkeitslänge über dem Meereis für alle Schichtungsbedingungen modifiziert. Anschließend wurde eine umfassende Analyse der jeweiligen Sensitivitätsexperimente durchgeführt, um den Einfluss dieser Modifikationen auf die Simulationen der arktischen Grenzschicht, der großräumigen atmosphärischen Zirkulation und der dynamischen Verbindungswege zwischen der Arktis und den mittleren Breiten in ECHAM6 zu bewerten. Durch eine schrittweise Implementierung der Hierarchie von verbesserten Turbulenzparameterisierungen in ECHAM6 wurden in einer Reihe von Sensitivitätsexperimenten folgende Erkenntnisse gewonnen: Die kombinierte Auswirkung der reduzierten Rauhigkeitslänge und der modifizierten Stabilitätsfunktionen ist nichtlinear. Dennoch zeigt sich, dass beide Modifikationen zu einer besseren Darstellung arktischer Grenzschichtprozesse führen, insbesondere stimmt die Verringerung des Transferkoeffizienten für Wärme gut mit den Beobachtungen überein. Im Vergleich zu den Referenzbeobachtungen zeigt das ECHAM6-Modell jedoch eine unrealistische Darstellung des Auftretens labiler und stark stabiler Schichtungsbedingungen. Die geringere Häufigkeit von stark stabilen Bedingungen begrenzt den Einfluss der modifizierten Stabilitätsfunktionen. Wenn in den Modelldaten nur die Fälle mit stark stabiler Schichtung analysiert werden, führt die Verwendung der modifizierten Stabilitätsfunktionen zu sehr kleinen turbulenten sensiblen Wärmeflüssen in guter Übereinstimmung mit den Beobachtungen. Dieses Verhalten wurde in den Modellsimulationen mit der Standardturbulenzparametrisierung nicht reproduziert. Es wurde zudem festgestellt, dass die Änderungen in den Turbulenzparametrisierungen einen statistisch signifikanten Einfluss auf die großskaligen Temperatur- und Windfelder in verschiedenen Höhen bis in die Stratosphäre sowohl in der Arktis als auch in den mittleren Breiten haben. Diese signifikanten Signale variieren in ihrer Stärke und Lage je nach Monat und Jahr, was eine starke Abhängigkeit vom Hintergrundzustand anzeigt. Des Weiteren wird in dieser Arbeit untersucht, wie die modifizierten Turbulenzparametrisierungen die Reaktion der troposphärischen und stratosphärischen Zirkulation auf den Rückgang des arktischen Meereises beeinflussen. Dafür wurden die geeignetsten Parametrisierungen zur Darstellung der arktischen Grenzschichtturbulenz anhand der Sensitivitätsexperimente identifiziert. Anschließend wurde die Reaktion des Modells ECHAM6 auf den Meereisverlust durch weitere lange Simulationen mit unterschiedlichen vorgegebenen Meereisbedingungen bewertet. Dabei simuliert die ECHAM6 Modellversion mit verbesserter Turbulenzparametrisierung eine größere vertikale Ausdehnung der arktischen troposphärischen Erwärmung bei Meereisrückgang und zeigt somit eine verbesserte Übereinstimmung mit den Reanalyse-Daten. Darüber hinaus treten in dieser Simulation im Gegensatz zu den Kontrollexperimenten häufiger bevorzugte Zirkulationsmuster auf, die dafür bekannt sind, dass sie Änderungen in der Arktis dynamisch mit den mittleren Breiten verknüpfen. Insbesondere treten blockierende Hochdrucklagen über Skandinavien/Ural im Frühwinter und die negative Phase der Nordatlantischen Oszillation im Spätwinter häufiger auf. Daher lässt sich ableiten, dass durch eine Verbesserung der Turbulenzparametrisierung der Effekt von Meereisverlust in ECHAM6 realistischer dargestellt werden kann. KW - boundary layer KW - atmosphere KW - atmospheric modelling KW - turbulence parameterizations KW - Atmosphäre KW - Atmosphärenmodellierung KW - Grenzschicht KW - Turbulenzparametrisierungen Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-643520 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nendel, Claas A1 - Reckling, Moritz A1 - Debaeke, Philippe A1 - Schulz, Susanne A1 - Berg-Mohnicke, Michael A1 - Constantin, Julie A1 - Fronzek, Stefan A1 - Hoffmann, Munir A1 - Jakšić, Snežana A1 - Kersebaum, Kurt-Christian A1 - Klimek-Kopyra, Agnieszka A1 - Raynal, Hélène A1 - Schoving, Céline A1 - Stella, Tommaso A1 - Battisti, Rafael T1 - Future area expansion outweighs increasing drought risk for soybean in Europe JF - Global change biology N2 - The European Union is highly dependent on soybean imports from overseas to meet its protein demands. Individual Member States have been quick to declare self-sufficiency targets for plant-based proteins, but detailed strategies are still lacking. Rising global temperatures have painted an image of a bright future for soybean production in Europe, but emerging climatic risks such as drought have so far not been included in any of those outlooks. Here, we present simulations of future soybean production and the most prominent risk factors across Europe using an ensemble of climate and soybean growth models. Projections suggest a substantial increase in potential soybean production area and productivity in Central Europe, while southern European production would become increasingly dependent on supplementary irrigation. Average productivity would rise by 8.3% (RCP 4.5) to 8.7% (RCP 8.5) as a result of improved growing conditions (plant physiology benefiting from rising temperature and CO2 levels) and farmers adapting to them by using cultivars with longer phenological cycles. Suitable production area would rise by 31.4% (RCP 4.5) to 37.7% (RCP 8.5) by the mid-century, contributing considerably more than productivity increase to the production potential for closing the protein gap in Europe. While wet conditions at harvest and incidental cold spells are the current key challenges for extending soybean production, the models and climate data analysis anticipate that drought and heat will become the dominant limitations in the future. Breeding for heat-tolerant and water-efficient genotypes is needed to further improve soybean adaptation to changing climatic conditions. KW - genotypes KW - legumes KW - maturity groups KW - protein crops KW - protein transition KW - resilience Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16562 SN - 1354-1013 SN - 1365-2486 VL - 29 IS - 5 SP - 1340 EP - 1358 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Ocford [u.a] ER - TY - GEN A1 - Köhne, Lea T1 - (State) immunity for Palestine? T2 - Verfassungsblog : on matters constitutional Y1 - 2023 UR - https://verfassungsblog.de/state-immunity-for-palestine/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.59704/c6b1bf054163ad38 SN - 2366-7044 PB - Max Steinbeis Verfassungsblog gGmbH CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Negra, Yassine A1 - Sammoud, Senda A1 - Uthoff, Aaron A1 - Moran, Jason A1 - Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo A1 - Chaabene, Helmi T1 - The effects of repeated backward running training on measures of physical fitness in youth male soccer players JF - Journal of sports sciences N2 - This study explored the effects of an 8-week repeated backward running training (RBRT) programme on measures of physical fitness in youth male soccer players. Youth male soccer players were randomly allocated into a RBRT group (n = 20; 13.95 +/- 0.22y) or a control group (CG; n = 16; 14.86 +/- 0.29y). The CG continued normal soccer training, while the RBRT group replaced some soccer drills with RBRT twice per week. Within-group analysis revealed that RBRT improved all performance variables ( increment -9.99% to 14.50%; effect size [ES] = -1.79 to 1.29; p <= 0.001). Meanwhile, trivial-to-moderate detrimental effects on sprinting and change of direction (CoD) speed ( increment 1.55% to 10.40%; p <= 0.05) were noted in the CG. The number of individuals improving performance above the smallest worthwhile change ranged from 65-100% across all performance variables in the RBRT group, whereas<50% in the CG reached that threshold. The between-group analysis indicated that the RBRT group improved performance on all performance tasks more than the CG (ES = -2.23 to 1.10; p <= 0.05). These findings demonstrate that substituting part of a standard soccer training regimen with RBRT can enhance youth soccer players' sprinting, CoD, jumping, and RSA performance. KW - musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena KW - human physical conditioning KW - movement KW - muscle strength KW - youth team sports Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2023.2184770 SN - 0264-0414 SN - 1466-447X VL - 40 IS - 24 SP - 2688 EP - 2696 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - London ER - TY - INPR A1 - Verwiebe, Roland A1 - Bobzien, Licia A1 - Fritsch, Nina-Sophie A1 - Buder, Claudia T1 - Social inequality and digitization in modern societies BT - a systematic literature review on the role of ethnicity, gender, and age T2 - SocArXiv : open archive of the social sciences N2 - The digitization process has triggered a profound transformation of modern societies. It encompasses a broad spectrum of technical, social, political, cultural and economic developments related to the mass use of computer- and internet-based technologies. It is now becoming increasingly clear that digitization is also changing existing structures of social inequality and that new structures of digital inequality are emerging. This is shown by a growing number of recent individual studies. In this paper, we set ourselves the task of systematizing this new research within the framework of an empirically supported literature review. To do so, we use the PRISMA model for literature reviews and focus on three central dimensions of inequality - ethnicity, gender, and age - and their relevance within the discourse on digitization and inequality. The empirical basis consists of journal articles published between 2000 and 2020 and listed on the Web of Science, as well as an additional Google Scholar search, through which we attempt to include important monographs and contributions to edited volumes in our analyses. Our text corpus thus comprises a total of 281 articles. Empirically, our literature review shows that unequal access to digital resources largely reproduces existing structures of inequality; in some cases, studies report a reduction in social inequalities as a result of the digitization process. KW - age KW - digitization KW - ethnicity KW - gender social inequality KW - social inequality Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/k2zwh PB - Center for Open Science CY - [Charlottesville, VA] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Agarwal, Saloni A1 - Hamidizadeh, Mojdeh A1 - Bier, Frank Fabian T1 - Detection of reverse transcriptase LAMP-amplified nucleic acid from oropharyngeal viral swab samples using biotinylated DNA probes through a lateral flow assay JF - Biosensors : open access journal N2 - This study focuses on three key aspects: (a) crude throat swab samples in a viral transport medium (VTM) as templates for RT-LAMP reactions; (b) a biotinylated DNA probe with enhanced specificity for LFA readouts; and (c) a digital semi-quantification of LFA readouts. Throat swab samples from SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative patients were used in their crude (no cleaning or pre-treatment) forms for the RT-LAMP reaction. The samples were heat-inactivated but not treated for any kind of nucleic acid extraction or purification. The RT-LAMP (20 min processing time) product was read out by an LFA approach using two labels: FITC and biotin. FITC was enzymatically incorporated into the RT-LAMP amplicon with the LF-LAMP primer, and biotin was introduced using biotinylated DNA probes, specifically for the amplicon region after RT-LAMP amplification. This assay setup with biotinylated DNA probe-based LFA readouts of the RT-LAMP amplicon was 98.11% sensitive and 96.15% specific. The LFA result was further analysed by a smartphone-based IVD device, wherein the T-line intensity was recorded. The LFA T-line intensity was then correlated with the qRT-PCR Ct value of the positive swab samples. A digital semi-quantification of RT-LAMP-LFA was reported with a correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.702. The overall RT-LAMP-LFA assay time was recorded to be 35 min with a LoD of three RNA copies/µL (Ct-33). With these three advancements, the nucleic acid testing-point of care technique (NAT-POCT) is exemplified as a versatile biosensor platform with great potential and applicability for the detection of pathogens without the need for sample storage, transportation, or pre-processing. KW - RT-LAMP KW - LFA KW - NAAT-LFA KW - semi-quantitative KW - surveillance-based diagnostics Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13110988 SN - 2079-6374 VL - 13 IS - 11 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sharma, Shubham A1 - Hainzl, Sebastian A1 - Zöller, Gert T1 - Seismicity parameters dependence on main shock-induced co-seismic stress JF - Geophysical journal international N2 - The Gutenberg-Richter (GR) and the Omori-Utsu (OU) law describe the earthquakes' energy release and temporal clustering and are thus of great importance for seismic hazard assessment. Motivated by experimental results, which indicate stress-dependent parameters, we consider a combined global data set of 127 main shock-aftershock sequences and perform a systematic study of the relationship between main shock-induced stress changes and associated seismicity patterns. For this purpose, we calculate space-dependent Coulomb Stress (& UDelta;CFS) and alternative receiver-independent stress metrics in the surrounding of the main shocks. Our results indicate a clear positive correlation between the GR b-value and the induced stress, contrasting expectations from laboratory experiments and suggesting a crucial role of structural heterogeneity and strength variations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the aftershock productivity increases nonlinearly with stress, while the OU parameters c and p systematically decrease for increasing stress changes. Our partly unexpected findings can have an important impact on future estimations of the aftershock hazard. KW - earthquake hazards KW - earthquake interaction KW - forecasting and prediction KW - statistical seismology KW - b-value Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggad201 SN - 0956-540X SN - 1365-246X VL - 235 IS - 1 SP - 509 EP - 517 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brennecke, Julia T1 - Media Review: entrepreneurship as networking JF - Organization studies Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/01708406231200710 SN - 0170-8406 SN - 1741-3044 SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - Sage CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kay, Alex James T1 - Never again? BT - the ways in which we remember the Holocaust might not help to prevent the rise of violent fascism in future N2 - The Holocaust was the most terrible atrocity of the 20th century. In many ways, it was also unprecedented in the history of atrocities: for its comprehensiveness and systematic nature; for the fanaticism with which its perpetrators scoured an entire continent in their pursuit of Jews; for the awful potency of the Nazis’ insinuation that the victims represented a pernicious and existential threat. Collectively, we have spent decades—and published millions of words—trying to understand what happened and why. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/culture/60494/never-again SN - 1359-5024 VL - 4 IS - April 2023 SP - 63 EP - 65 PB - Prospect Publishing Limited CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liberatoscioli, Davide T1 - The new testament and the qur'an as depicted in Abraham Silveira's ‘Telling’ Mute book JF - European Judaism : a journal for the new Europe N2 - Interfaith controversies and disputes regarding the role of reason in interpreting the Scriptures characterised scholarly discussion in the Low Countries between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The Jewish author Abraham Gómez Silveira contributed to this discussion with an eclectic body of literature. This article focuses on his Libro Mudo (Mute Book), which embodies his efforts to present the Jewish religion as the only rational one and the Christian dogma as irrational. In order to corroborate his reading, Silveira mostly bases his argumentation on non-Jewish texts. By selecting passages from the New Testaments, Christian religious commentaries as well as Qur'anic excerpts, Silveira aims to demonstrate that even non-Jewish sources prove the rationality of the Jewish theological system. The novelty of Silveira's approach consists in confuting Christian dogma by accepting the Gospels as reliable historical sources. In this argumentative structure, the Qur'an has a similar although not identical function. KW - Bible criticism KW - Libro Mudo KW - polemics KW - Qur'anic reception KW - Qur'anic translations KW - Abraham Gómez Silveira Y1 - 2023 UR - https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/european-judaism/56/2/ej560206.xml U6 - https://doi.org/10.3167/ej.2023.560206 SN - 0014-3006 SN - 1752-2323 VL - 56 IS - 2 SP - 47 EP - 61 PB - Berghahn CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Menze, Inga A1 - Müller, Notger Germar A1 - Zähle, Tino A1 - Schmicker, Marlen T1 - Individual response to transcranial direct current stimulation as a function of working memory capacity and electrode montage JF - Frontiers in human neuroscience N2 - Introduction Attempts to improve cognitive abilities via transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have led to ambiguous results, likely due to the method's susceptibility to methodological and inter-individual factors. Conventional tDCS, i.e., using an active electrode over brain areas associated with the targeted cognitive function and a supposedly passive reference, neglects stimulation effects on entire neural networks. Methods We investigated the advantage of frontoparietal network stimulation (right prefrontal anode, left posterior parietal cathode) against conventional and sham tDCS in modulating working memory (WM) capacity dependent transfer effects of a single-session distractor inhibition (DIIN) training. Since previous results did not clarify whether electrode montage drives this individual transfer, we here compared conventional to frontoparietal and sham tDCS and reanalyzed data of 124 young, healthy participants in a more robust way using linear mixed effect modeling. Results The interaction of electrode montage and WM capacity resulted in systematic differences in transfer effects. While higher performance gains were observed with increasing WM capacity in the frontoparietal stimulation group, low WM capacity individuals benefited more in the sham condition. The conventional stimulation group showed subtle performance gains independent of WM capacity. Discussion Our results confirm our previous findings of WM capacity dependent transfer effects on WM by a single-session DIIN training combined with tDCS and additionally highlight the pivotal role of the specific electrode montage. WM capacity dependent differences in frontoparietal network recruitment, especially regarding the parietal involvement, are assumed to underlie this observation. KW - tDCS KW - electrode montage KW - individual differences KW - working memory KW - capacity KW - distractor inhibition KW - frontoparietal network Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2023.1134632 SN - 1662-5161 VL - 17 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - THES A1 - Arntz, Fabian T1 - Intervention and moderation of physical fitness in children with physical fitness deficits - Results of the SMaRTER study T1 - Intervention und Moderation der körperlichen Fitness bei Kindern mit körperlichen Fitnessdefiziten - Ergebnisse der SMaRTER-Studie N2 - Background: Physical fitness is a key aspect of children’s ability to perform activities of daily living, engage in leisure activities, and is associated with important health characteristics. As such, it shows multi-directional associations with weight status as well as executive functions, and varies according to a variety of moderating factors, such as the child’s gender, age, geographical location, and socioeconomic conditions and context. The assessment and monitoring of children’s physical fitness has gained attention in recent decades, as has the question of how to promote physical fitness through the implementation of a variety of programs and interventions. However, these programs and interventions rarely focus on children with deficits in their physical fitness. Due to their deficits, these children are at the highest risk of suffering health impairments compared to their more average fit peers. In efforts to promote physical fitness, schools could offer promising and viable approaches to interventions, as they provide access to large youth populations while providing useful infrastructure. Evidence suggests that school-based physical fitness interventions, particularly those that include supplementary physical education, are useful for promoting and improving physical fitness in children with normal fitness. However, there is little evidence on whether these interventions have similar or even greater effects on children with deficits in their physical fitness. Furthermore, the question arises whether these measures help to sustainably improve the development/trajectories of physical fitness in these children. The present thesis aims to elucidate the following four objectives: (1) to evaluate the effects of a 14 week intervention with 2 x 45 minutes per week additional remedial physical education on physical fitness and executive function in children with deficits in their physical fitness; (2) to assess moderating effects of body height and body mass on physical fitness components in children with physical fitness deficits; (3) to assess moderating effects of age and skeletal growth on physical fitness in children with physical fitness deficits; and (4) to analyse moderating effects of different physical fitness components on executive function in children with physical fitness deficits. Methods: Using physical fitness data from the EMOTIKON study, 76 third graders with physical fitness deficits were identified in 11 schools in Brandenburg state that met the requirements for implementing a remedial physical education intervention (i.e., employing specially trained physical education teachers). The fitness intervention was implemented in a cross-over design and schools were randomly assigned to either an intervention-control or control-intervention group. The remedial physical education intervention consisted of a 14 week, 2 x 45 minutes per week remedial physical education curriculum supplemented by a physical exercise homework program. Assessments were conducted at the beginning and end of each intervention and control period, and further assessments were conducted at the beginning and end of each school year until the end of sixth grade. Physical fitness as the primary outcome was assessed using fitness tests implemented in the EMOTIKON study (i.e., lower body muscular strength (standing long jump), speed (20 m sprint), cardiorespiratory fitness (6 min run), agility (star run), upper body muscular strength (ball push test), and balance (one leg balance)). Executive functions as a secondary outcome were assessed using attention and psychomotor processing speed (digit symbol substitution test), mental flexibility and fine motor skills (trail making test), and inhibitory control (Simon task). Anthropometric measures such as body height, body mass, maturity offset, and body composition parameters, as well as socioeconomic information were recorded as potential moderators. Results: (1) The evaluation of possible effects of the remedial physical education intervention on physical fitness and executive functions of children with deficits in their physical fitness did not reveal any detectable intervention-related improvements in physical fitness or executive functions. The implemented analysis strategies also showed moderating effects of body mass index (BMI) on performance in 6 min run, star run, and standing long jump, with children with a lower BMI performing better, moderating effects of proximity to Berlin on performance in the 6 min run and standing long jump, better performances being found in children living closer to Berlin, and overall gendered differences in executive function test performance, with boys performing better compared to girls. (2) Analysing moderating effects of body height and body mass on physical fitness performance, better overall physical fitness performance was found for taller children. For body mass, a negative effect was found on performance in the 6 min run (linear), standing long jump (linear), and 20 m sprint (quadratic), with better performance associated with lighter children, and a positive effect of body mass on performance in the ball push test, with heavier children performing better. In addition, the analysis revealed significant interactions between body height and body mass on performance in 6 min run and 20 m sprint, with higher body mass being associated with performance improvements in larger children, while higher body mass was associated with performance declines in smaller children. In addition, the analysis revealed overall age-related improvements in physical fitness and was able to show that children with better overall physical fitness also elicit greater age-related improvements. (3) In the analysis of moderating effects of age and maturity offset on physical fitness performances, two unrotated principal components of z-transformed age and maturity offset values were calculated (i.e., relative growth = (age + maturity offset)/2; growth delay = (age - maturity offset)) to avoid colinearity. Analysing these constructs revealed positive effects of relative growth on performances in star run, 20 m sprint, and standing long jump, with children of higher relative growth performing better. For growth delay, positive effects were found on performances in 6 min run and 20 m sprint, with children having larger growth delays showing better performances. Further, the model revealed gendered differences in 6 min run and 20 m sprint performances with girls performing better than boys. (4) Analysing the effects of physical fitness tests on executive function revealed a positive effect of star run and one leg balance performance and a negative effect of 6 min run performance on reaction speed in the Simon task. However, these effects were not detectable when individual differences were accounted for. Then these effects showed overall positive effects, with better performances being associated with faster reaction speeds. In addition, the analysis revealed a positive correlation between overall reaction speed and effects of the 6 min run, suggesting that children with greater effects of 6 min run had faster overall reaction speeds. Negative correlations were found between star run effects and age effects on Simon task reaction speed, meaning that children with larger star run effects had smaller age effects, and between 6 min run effects and star run effects on Simon task reaction speed, meaning that children with larger 6 min run effects tended to have smaller star run effects on Simon task reaction speed and vice versa. Conclusions: (1) The lack of detectable intervention-related effects could have been caused by an insufficient intervention period, by the implementation of comprehensive and thus non- specific exercises, or by both. Accordingly, longer intervention periods and/or more specific exercises may have been more beneficial and could have led to detectable improvements in physical fitness and/or executive function. However, it remains unclear whether these interventions can benefit children with deficits in physical fitness, as it is possible that their deficits are not caused by a mere lack of exercise, but rather depend on the socioeconomic conditions of the children and their families and areas. Therefore, further research is needed to assess the moderation of physical fitness in children with physical fitness deficits and, in particular, the links between children’s environment and their physical fitness trajectories. (2) Findings from this work suggest that using BMI as a composite of body height and body mass may not be able to capture the variation associated with these parameters and their interactions. In particular, because of their multidirectional associations, further research would help elucidate how BMI and its subcomponents influence physical fitness and how they vary between children with and without physical fitness deficits. (3) The assessment of growth- related changes indicated negative effects associated with the growth spurt approaching age of peak height velocity, and furthermore showed significant differences in these effects between children. Thus, these effects and possible interindividual differences should be considered in the assessment of the development of physical fitness in children. (4) Furthermore, this work has shown that the associations between physical fitness and executive functions vary between children and may be moderated by children’s socioeconomic conditions and the structure of their daily activities. Further research is needed to explore these associations using approaches that account for individual variance. N2 - Hintergrund: Die körperliche Fitness ist ein zentraler Aspekt der Fähigkeit von Kindern, Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens auszuführen, sich in der Freizeit zu betätigen, und wird mit wichtigen Gesundheitsmerkmalen in Verbindung gebracht. Als solche zeigt sie multidirektionale Assoziationen mit dem Gewichtsstatus sowie den exekutiven Funktionen und variiert in Abhängigkeit von einer Vielzahl moderierender Faktoren wie dem Geschlecht, dem Alter, dem geografischen Standort und den sozioökonomischen Bedingungen und Kontexten des Kindes. Die Bewertung und Beobachtung der körperlichen Fitness von Kindern hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten an Aufmerksamkeit gewonnen, ebenso wie die Frage, wie die körperliche Fitness durch die Umsetzung einer Vielzahl von Programmen und Maßnahmen gefördert werden kann. Allerdings konzentrieren sich diese Programme und Maßnahmen nur selten auf Kinder mit Defiziten in ihrer körperlichen Fitness. Aufgrund ihrer Defizite haben diese Kinder im Vergleich zu ihren durchschnittlich fitten Mitschülern das höchste Risiko, gesundheitliche Beeinträchtigungen zu erleiden. Bei Bemühungen zur Förderung der körperlichen Fitness könnten Schulen vielversprechende und praktikable Ansätze für Interventionen bieten, da sie Zugang zu großen Teilen der jüngeren Bevölkerung bieten und gleichzeitig eine nützliche Infrastruktur bereitstellen. Es gibt Hinweise darauf, dass schulische Maßnahmen zur Förderung der körperlichen Fitness, insbesondere solche, die einen zusätzlichen Sportunterricht beinhalten, für die Förderung und Verbesserung der körperlichen Fitness von Kindern mit normaler Fitness nützlich sind. Es gibt jedoch nur wenige Belege dafür, ob diese Maßnahmen ähnliche oder sogar größere Auswirkungen auf Kinder mit Defiziten in ihrer körperlichen Fitness haben. Darüber hinaus stellt sich die Frage, ob diese Maßnahmen dazu beitragen, die Entwicklung/den Verlauf der körperlichen Fitness dieser Kinder nachhaltig zu verbessern. Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit sollen die folgenden vier Ziele untersucht werden: (1) Evaluierung der Auswirkungen einer 14-wöchigen Intervention mit 2 x 45 Minuten pro Woche zusätzlichem Sportförderunterricht auf die körperliche Fitness und die exekutive Funktion bei Kindern mit Defiziten in der körperlichen Fitness; (2) Bewertung der moderierenden Effekte von Körperhöhe und Körpermasse auf die Komponenten der körperlichen Fitness bei Kindern mit Defiziten in der körperlichen Fitness; (3) Bewertung der moderierenden Effekte von Alter und Skelettwachstum auf die körperliche Fitness bei Kindern mit Defiziten in der körperlichen Fitness; und (4) Analyse der moderierenden Effekte der verschiedenen Komponenten der körperlichen Fitness auf die exekutive Funktion bei Kindern mit Defiziten in der körperlichen Fitness. Methoden: Anhand von Daten zur körperlichen Fitness aus der EMOTIKON-Studie wurden 76 Drittklässler mit Defiziten in der körperlichen Fitness in 11 Schulen im Land Brandenburg identifiziert, die die Voraussetzungen für die Durchführung einer Fördermaßnahme im Sportunterricht erfüllten (d. h. speziell ausgebildete Sportlehrer beschäftigten). Die Fitnessintervention wurde in einem Cross-over-Design durchgeführt, und die Schulen wurden nach dem Zufallsprinzip entweder einer Interventions-Kontroll- oder einer Kontroll-Interventionsgruppe zugewiesen. Der Sportunterricht bestand aus einem 14-wöchigen, 2 x 45 Minuten pro Woche dauernden Sportunterricht, der durch ein Hausaufgabenprogramm für körperliche Übungen ergänzt wurde. Messungen wurden zu Beginn und am Ende jedes Interventions- und Kontrollzeitraums sowie zu Beginn und am Ende eines jeden Schuljahres bis zum Ende der sechsten Klasse durchgeführt. Die körperliche Fitness als primäres Ergebnis wurde anhand von Fitnesstests ermittelt, die im Rahmen der EMOTIKON-Studie durchgeführt wurden (d. h. Muskelkraft der unteren Körperhälfte (Standweitsprung), Schnelligkeit (20-m-Sprint), kardiorespiratorische Fitness (6-Minuten-Lauf), Beweglichkeit (Sternlauf), Muskelkraft der oberen Körperhälfte (Kugelstoßtest) und Gleichgewicht (Einbeinstand)). Exekutive Funktionen als sekundäres Ergebnis wurden anhand der Aufmerksamkeit und der psychomotorischen Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit (Digit Symbol Substitution Test), der geistigen Flexibilität und der Feinmotorik (Trail Making Test) sowie der hemmenden Kontrolle (Simon Task) untersucht. Anthropometrische Maße wie Körperhöhe, Körpermasse, Maturity Offset und Parameter der Körperzusammensetzung sowie sozioökonomische Informationen wurden als potenzielle Moderatoren erfasst. Ergebnisse: (1) Die Evaluation möglicher Effekte der Sportförderunterrichts-Intervention auf die körperliche Fitness und die exekutiven Funktionen von Kindern mit Defiziten in der körperlichen Fitness ergab keine nachweisbaren interventionsbedingten Verbesserungen der körperlichen Fitness oder der exekutiven Funktionen. Die implementierten Analysestrategien zeigten auch moderierende Effekte des Body-Mass-Index (BMI) auf die Leistungen im 6-Minuten-Lauf, im Sternlauf und im Standweitsprung, wobei Kinder mit einem niedrigeren BMI bessere Leistungen erbrachten, moderierende Effekte der Nähe zu Berlin auf die Leistungen im 6-Minuten-Lauf und im Standweitsprung, wobei Kinder, die näher an Berlin wohnten, bessere Leistungen erbrachten, sowie allgemeine geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede bei den Leistungen im Exekutivfunktionstest, wobei Jungen besser abschnitten als Mädchen. (2) Die Analyse der moderierenden Effekte von Körperhöhe und Körpermasse auf die körperliche Fitnessleistung ergab, dass größere Kinder insgesamt eine bessere körperliche Fitnessleistung erbrachten. Darüber hinaus ergab die Analyse signifikante Wechselwirkungen zwischen Körperhöhe und Körpermasse auf die Leistung im 6-Minuten-Lauf und im 20-Meter-Sprint, wobei eine höhere Körpermasse mit Leistungsverbesserungen bei größeren Kindern verbunden war, während eine höhere Körpermasse mit Leistungseinbußen bei kleineren Kindern einherging. Darüber hinaus ergab die Analyse altersbedingte Gesamtverbesserungen der körperlichen Fitness und konnte zeigen, dass Kinder mit einer besseren allgemeinen körperlichen Fitness auch größere altersbedingte Verbesserungen erzielen. (3) Bei der Analyse der moderierenden Effekte von Alter und Reifeverschiebung auf die körperlichen Fitnessleistungen wurden zwei nicht rotierte Hauptkomponenten der z-transformierten Werte von Alter und Reifeverschiebung berechnet (d. h. relatives Wachstum = (Alter + Reifeverschiebung)/2; Wachstumsverzögerung = (Alter - Reifeverschiebung)), um Kolinearität zu vermeiden. Die Analyse dieser Konstrukte ergab positive Auswirkungen des relativen Wachstums auf die Leistungen im Sternlauf, im 20-m-Sprint und im Standweitsprung, wobei Kinder mit einem höheren relativen Wachstum bessere Leistungen erzielten. Für die Wachstumsverzögerung wurden positive Effekte auf die Leistungen im 6-Minuten-Lauf und im 20-Meter-Sprint festgestellt, wobei Kinder mit einer größeren Wachstumsverzögerung bessere Leistungen zeigten. Darüber hinaus zeigte das Modell geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede bei den Leistungen im 6-Minuten-Lauf und im 20-Meter-Sprint, wobei Mädchen besser abschnitten als Jungen. (4) Die Analyse der Effekte der körperlichen Fitnesstests auf die exekutive Funktion ergab einen positiven Effekt des Sternlaufs und der einbeinigen Gleichgewichtsleistung und einen negativen Effekt der 6-minütigen Laufleistung auf die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit bei der Simon-Aufgabe. Diese Effekte waren jedoch nicht nachweisbar, wenn die individuellen Unterschiede im Modell berücksichtigt wurden. Dann zeigten diese Effekte insgesamt positive Auswirkungen, wobei bessere Leistungen mit schnelleren Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten verbunden waren. Darüber hinaus ergab die Analyse eine positive Korrelation zwischen der Gesamtreaktionsgeschwindigkeit und den Effekten des 6-Minuten-Laufs, was darauf hindeutet, dass Kinder mit größeren Effekten des 6-Minuten-Laufs eine schnellere Gesamtreaktionsgeschwindigkeit aufwiesen. Negative Korrelationen wurden zwischen Sternlaufeffekten und Alterseffekten auf die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit bei der Simon-Aufgabe gefunden, was bedeutet, dass Kinder mit größeren Sternlaufeffekten kleinere Alterseffekte hatten, und zwischen 6-Minuten-Laufeffekten und Sternlaufeffekten auf die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit bei der Simon-Aufgabe, was bedeutet, dass Kinder mit größeren 6-Minuten-Laufeffekten tendenziell kleinere Sternlaufeffekte auf die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit bei der Simon-Aufgabe hatten und umgekehrt. Fazit: (1) Das Fehlen nachweisbarer interventionsbezogener Effekte könnte durch eine unzureichende Interventionsdauer, durch die Durchführung umfassender und damit unspezifischer Übungen oder durch eine Kombination beider Faktoren verursacht worden sein. Dementsprechend könnten längere Interventionszeiträume und/oder spezifischere Übungen vorteilhafter gewesen sein und zu nachweisbaren Verbesserungen der körperlichen Fitness und/oder der exekutiven Funktionen geführt haben. Es bleibt jedoch unklar, ob diese Interventionen Kindern mit Defiziten in der körperlichen Fitness zugute kommen können, da es möglich ist, dass ihre Defizite nicht durch einen bloßen Bewegungsmangel verursacht werden, sondern vielmehr von den sozioökonomischen Bedingungen der Kinder und ihrer Familien und Gegenden abhängen. Daher sind weitere Untersuchungen erforderlich, um die Moderation der körperlichen Fitness bei Kindern mit Defiziten in der körperlichen Fitness und insbesondere die Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Umfeld der Kinder und ihrer Entwicklung der körperlichen Fitness zu analysieren. (2) Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit legen nahe, dass die Verwendung des BMI als Kompositum von Körperhöhe und Körpermasse möglicherweise nicht in der Lage ist, die mit diesen Parametern und ihren Wechselwirkungen verbundene Variation zu erfassen. Insbesondere aufgrund ihrer multidirektionalen Zusammenhänge würde weitere Forschung dazu beitragen, zu klären, wie der BMI und seine Unterkomponenten die körperliche Fitness beeinflussen und wie sie zwischen Kindern mit und ohne körperliche Fitnessdefizite variieren. (3) Die Bewertung der wachstumsbedingten Veränderungen deutete auf negative Auswirkungen im Zusammenhang mit dem Wachstumsschub hin, der sich dem Alter der Spitzen-Höhengeschwindigkeit nähert, und zeigte darüber hinaus signifikante Unterschiede bei diesen Auswirkungen zwischen Kindern. Daher sollten diese Effekte und mögliche interindividuelle Unterschiede bei der Bewertung der Entwicklung der körperlichen Fitness von Kindern berücksichtigt werden. (4) Darüber hinaus hat diese Arbeit gezeigt, dass die Zusammenhänge zwischen körperlicher Fitness und exekutiven Funktionen von Kind zu Kind unterschiedlich sind und möglicherweise durch die sozioökonomischen Bedingungen der Kinder und die Struktur ihrer täglichen Aktivitäten moderiert werden könnten. Weitere Forschung ist erforderlich, um diese Zusammenhänge mit Hilfe von Ansätzen zu untersuchen, die die individuelle Varianz berücksichtigen. KW - physical fitness KW - deficites KW - children KW - remedial physical education KW - intervention KW - linear mixed models KW - cognition KW - Kinder KW - Kognition KW - Defizit KW - Intervention KW - lineare gemischte Modelle KW - körperliche Fitness KW - Sportförderunterricht Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-622607 ER - TY - THES A1 - Fühner, Thea Heidi T1 - Secular trends, age, sex, and timing of school enrollment effects on physical fitness in children and adolescents T1 - Effekte von säkularen Trends, Alter, Geschlecht und Zeitpunkt der Einschulung auf die körperliche Fitness von Kindern und Jugendlichen N2 - The relevance of physical fitness for children’s and adolescents’ health is indisputable and it is crucial to regularly assess and evaluate children’s and adolescents’ individual physical fitness development to detect potential negative health consequences in time. Physical fitness tests are easy-to-administer, reliable, and valid which is why they should be widely used to provide information on performance development and health status of children and adolescents. When talking about development of physical fitness, two perspectives can be distinguished. One perspective is how the physical fitness status of children and adolescents changed / developed over the past decades (i.e., secular trends). The other perspective covers the analyses how physical fitness develops with increasing age due to growth and maturation processes. Although, the development of children’s and adolescents’ physical fitness has been extensively described and analyzed in the literature, still some questions remain to be uncovered that will be addressed in the present doctoral thesis. Previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses have examined secular trends in children’s and adolescents’ physical fitness. However, considering that those analyses are by now 15 years old and that updates are available only to limited components of physical fitness, it is time to re-analyze the literature and examine secular trends for selected components of physical fitness (i.e., cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle strength, proxies of muscle power, and speed). Fur-thermore, the available studies on children’s development of physical fitness as well as the ef-fects of moderating variables such as age and sex have been investigated within a long-term ontogenetic perspective. However, the effects of age and sex in the transition from pre-puberty to puberty in the ninth year of life using a short-term ontogenetic perspective and the effect of timing of school enrollment on children’s development of physical fitness have not been clearly identified. Therefore, the present doctoral thesis seeks to complement the knowledge of children’s and adolescents’ physical fitness development by updating secular trend analysis in selected components of physical fitness, by examining short-term ontogenetic cross-sectional developmental differences in children`s physical fitness, and by comparing physical fitness of older- and younger-than-keyage children versus keyage-children. These findings provide valuable information about children’s and adolescents’ physical fitness development to help prevent potential deficits in physical fitness as early as possible and consequently ensure a holistic development and a lifelong healthy life. Initially, a systematic review to provide an ‘update’ on secular trends in selected components of physical fitness (i.e., cardiorespiratory endurance, relative muscle strength, proxies of muscle power, speed) in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statement guidelines. To examine short-term ontogenetic cross-sectional developmental differences and to compare physical fitness of older- and younger-than-keyage children versus keyage-children physical fitness data of 108,295 keyage-children (i.e., aged 8.00 to 8.99 years), 2,586 younger-than-keyage children (i.e., aged 7.00 to 7.99 years), and 26,540 older-than-keyage children (i.e., aged 9.00 to 9.99 years) from the third grade were analyzed. Physical fitness was assessed through the EMOTIKON test battery measuring cardiorespiratory endurance (i.e., 6-min-run test), coordina-tion (i.e., star-run test), speed (i.e., 20-m linear sprint test), and proxies of lower (i.e., standing long jump test) and upper limbs (i.e., ball-push test) muscle power. Statistical inference was based on Linear Mixed Models. Findings from the systematic review revealed a large initial improvement and an equally large subsequent decline between 1986 and 2010 as well as a stabilization between 2010 and 2015 in cardiorespiratory endurance, a general trend towards a small improvement in relative muscle strength from 1972 to 2015, an overall small negative quadratic trend for proxies of muscle power from 1972 to 2015, and a small-to-medium improvement in speed from 2002 to 2015. Findings from the cross-sectional studies showed that even in a single prepubertal year of life (i.e., ninth year) physical fitness performance develops linearly with increasing chronological age, boys showed better performances than girls in all physical fitness components, and the components varied in the size of sex and age effects. Furthermore, findings revealed that older-than-keyage children showed poorer performance in physical fitness compared to keyage-children, older-than-keyage girls showed better performances than older-than-keyage boys, and younger-than-keyage children outperformed keyage-children. Due to the varying secular trends in physical fitness, it is recommended to promote initiatives for physical activity and physical fitness for children and adolescents to prevent adverse effects on health and well-being. More precisely, public health initiatives should specifically consider exercising cardiorespiratory endurance and muscle strength because both components showed strong positive associations with markers of health. Furthermore, the findings implied that physical education teachers, coaches, or researchers can utilize a proportional adjustment to individually interpret physical fitness of prepubertal school-aged children. Special attention should be given to the promotion of physical fitness of older-than-keyage children because they showed poorer performance in physical fitness than keyage-children. Therefore, it is necessary to specifically consider this group and provide additional health and fitness programs to reduce their deficits in physical fitness experienced during prior years to guarantee a holistic development. N2 - Die Relevanz der körperlichen Fitness für die Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen ist unbestritten und es ist von entscheidender Bedeutung, den individuellen körperlichen Fitnesszustand von Kindern und Jugendlichen regelmäßig zu untersuchen und zu bewerten, um mögliche negative gesundheitliche Folgen rechtzeitig zu erkennen. Tests zur Bewertung der körperlichen Fitness sind einfach durchzuführen, reliabel und valide, weshalb sie in großem Umfang eingesetzt werden sollten, um Informationen über die Entwicklung der körperlichen Fitness und den Gesundheitszustand von Kindern und Jugendlichen zu erhalten. Bei der Betrachtung der Entwicklung der körperlichen Fitness lassen sich zwei Perspektiven unterscheiden. Die eine Perspektive untersucht, wie sich die körperliche Fitness von Kindern und Jugendlichen in den letzten Jahrzehnten verändert bzw. entwickelt hat (sog. säkulare Trends). Die andere Perspektive analysiert, wie sich die körperliche Fitness mit zunehmendem Alter aufgrund von Wachstums- und Reifungsprozessen entwickelt. Obwohl die Entwicklung der körperlichen Fitness von Kindern und Jugendlichen in der Literatur ausführlich beschrieben und analysiert wurde, sind noch einige Fragen offen, welche in der vorliegenden Doktorarbeit adressiert werden. Frühere systematische Überblicksbeiträge und Meta-Analysen haben säkulare Trends in der körperlichen Fitness von Kindern und Jugendlichen untersucht. Da diese Analysen jedoch mittlerweile 15 Jahre alt sind und Aktualisierungen nur für ausgewählte Komponenten der körperlichen Fitness zur Verfügung stehen, ist es notwendig, die Literatur neu zu analysieren und säkulare Trends für ausgewählte Komponenten der körperlichen Fitness (d. h. aerobe Ausdauer, relative Muskelkraft, Schnellkraft und Schnelligkeit) zu untersuchen. Darüber hinaus wurden die verfügbaren Studien über die Entwicklung der körperlichen Fitness von Kindern sowie die Effekte moderierender Variablen wie Alter und Geschlecht in einer langfristigen ontogenetischen Perspektive untersucht. Die Effekte von Alter und Geschlecht beim Übergang von der Vorpubertät zur Pubertät im neunten Lebensjahr unter einer kurzfristigen ontogenetischen Perspektive und die Effekte des Zeitpunkts der Einschulung auf die Entwicklung der körperlichen Fitness von Kindern sind jedoch bislang nicht eindeutig identifiziert worden. Die vorliegende Doktorarbeit hat daher das Ziel, den Wissensstand über die Entwicklung der körperlichen Fitness von Kindern und Jugendlichen zu ergänzen, indem säkulare Trendanalysen ausgewählter Komponenten der körperlichen Fitness aktualisiert werden, kurzfristige ontogenetische Entwicklungsunterschiede in der körperlichen Fitness von Kindern im Querschnitt untersucht werden und die körperliche Fitness von älteren und jüngeren Kindern im Vergleich zu Stichtagskindern analysiert wird. Diese Erkenntnisse liefern wertvolle Informationen über die Entwicklung der körperlichen Fitness von Kindern und Jugendlichen, um möglichen Defiziten in der körperlichen Fitness so früh wie möglich vorzubeugen und damit eine ganzheitliche Entwicklung und ein lebenslanges gesundes Leben zu gewährleisten. Zunächst wurde ein systematischer Überblicksbeitrag verfasst, um den Wissenstand der säkularen Trends bei ausgewählten Komponenten der körperlichen Fitness (d. h. aerobe Ausdauer, relative Muskelkraft, Schnellkraft, Schnelligkeit) bei Kindern und Jugendlichen gemäß den PRISMA Richtlinien zu aktualisieren. Um kurzfristige ontogenetische Entwicklungsunterschiede im Querschnitt zu untersuchen und die körperliche Fitness von älteren und jüngeren Kindern im Vergleich zu Stichtagskindern zu analysieren, wurden die Daten zur körperlichen Fitness von 108.295 Stichtagskindern (d. h. im Alter von 8,00 bis 8,99 Jahren), 2.586 jüngeren Kindern (d. h. im Alter von 7,00 bis 7,99 Jahren) und 26.540 älteren Kindern (d. h. im Alter von 9,00 bis 9,99 Jahren) aus der dritten Klasse analysiert. Die körperliche Fitness wurde anhand der EMOTIKON-Testbatterie zur Messung der aeroben Ausdauer (d. h. 6-min-Lauf), der Koordi-nation (d. h. Sternlauf), der Schnelligkeit (d. h. 20-m-Sprint) sowie der Schnellkraft der unteren (d. h. Standweitsprung) und oberen Extremitäten (d. h. Medizinballstoßen) erhoben. Die statistische Inferenz basierte auf Linear Mixed Models. Die Ergebnisse des systematischen Überblickbeitrags zeigten eine starke anfängliche Verbesserung und einen ebenso starken Rückgang zwischen 1986 und 2010 sowie eine Stabilisierung zwischen 2010 und 2015 bei der aeroben Ausdauer. Zudem war ein allgemeiner Trend zu einer geringen Verbesserung der relativen Muskelkraft zwischen 1972 und 2015, ein insgesamt geringer negativer quadratischer Trend bei der Schnellkraft zwischen 1972 und 2015 sowie eine geringe bis mittlere Verbesserung der Schnelligkeit zwischen 2002 und 2015 zu verzeichnen. Die Ergebnisse der Querschnittsstudien legten dar, dass sich die körperliche Fitness selbst in einem einzigen präpubertären Lebensjahr (d. h. neuntes Lebensjahr) mit zunehmendem chronologischen Alter linear entwickelt, dass Jungen in allen untersuchten Komponenten der körperlichen Fitness bessere Leistungen zeigten als Mädchen und dass sich die Komponenten der körperlichen Fitness in der Stärke der Alters- und Geschlechtseffekte stark unterschieden. Darüber hinaus zeigten die Ergebnisse, dass Kinder, die älter als Stichtagskinder sind, im Vergleich zu Stichtagskindern schlechtere Leistungen zeigten; Mädchen, die älter als Stichtagskinder sind, bessere Leistungen zeigten als Jungen, die älter als Stichtagskinder sind; und Kinder, die jünger als Stichtagskinder sind, bessere Leistungen zeigten als Stichtagskinder. Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen säkularen Trends bei der körperlichen Fitness wird empfohlen, Initiativen für körperliche Aktivität und körperliche Fitness bei Kindern und Jugendlichen zu fördern, um negative Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden zu verhindern. Insbesondere sollten Initiativen im Bereich der öffentlichen Gesundheit speziell das Training der aeroben Ausdauer und der Muskelkraft berücksichtigen, da beide Komponenten starke positive Assoziationen mit Gesundheitsmarkern aufweisen. Darüber hinaus legen die Ergebnisse nahe, dass Sportlehrkräfte, Trainer und Trainerinnen oder Wissenschaftler und Wissenschaftlerinnen eine proportionale Anpassung nutzen können, um die körperliche Fitness von Kindern im vorpubertären Schulalter individuell zu interpretieren. Ein besonderes Augenmerk sollte auf die Förderung der körperlichen Fitness von Kindern, die älter als Stichtagskinder sind, gelegt werden, da diese schlechtere Leistungen in der körperlichen Fitness zeigten als Stichtagskinder. Daher ist es notwendig, diese Gruppe besonders zu berücksichtigen und zusätzliche Gesundheits- und Fitnessprogramme anzubieten, um ihre Defizite in der körperlichen Fitness abzubauen und eine ganzheitliche Entwicklung zu gewährleisten. KW - physical fitness KW - children KW - adolescents KW - primary school KW - secular trends KW - age KW - sex KW - timing of school enrollment KW - körperliche Fitness KW - Kinder KW - Jugendliche KW - Grundschule KW - säkulare Trends KW - Alter KW - Geschlecht KW - Zeitpunkt der Einschulung Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-588643 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mkaouer, Bessem A1 - Amara, Samiha A1 - Bouguezzi, Raja A1 - Ben Abderrahmen, Abderraouf A1 - Chaabene, Helmi T1 - Validity of a new sport-specific endurance test in artistic gymnastics JF - Frontiers in sports and active living N2 - Introduction General and particularly sport-specific testing is an integral aspect of performance optimization in artistic gymnastics. In artistic gymnastics, however, only non-specific field tests have been used to assess endurance performance (e.g., Multistage Shuttle Run Test; Cooper's Test). Methods This study aimed to examine the validity of a new sport-specific endurance test in artistic gymnastics. Fourteen elite-level gymnasts (i.e., eight males and six females) participated in this study. The newly developed artistic gymnastics-specific endurance test (AGSET) was conducted on two different occasions seven days apart to determine its reliability. To assess the concurrent validity of AGSET, participants performed the multistage shuttle run test (MSRT). Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were directly assessed using a portable gas analyzer system during both protocols. Additionally, the total time maintained (TTM) during the AGSET, maximum heart rate (HRmax), maximal aerobic speed (MAS), and blood lactate concentration (BLa) during the two protocols were collected. Results The main findings indicated that all variables derived from the AGSET (i.e., VO2max, MAS, HRmax, BLa, and RER) displayed very good relative (all intraclass correlation coefficients [ICC] > 0.90) and absolute (all typical errors of measurement [TEM] < 5%) reliability. Further, results showed that the ability of the AGSET to detect small changes in VO2max, MAS, BLa, and RER was good (smallest worthwhile change [SWC0.2] > TEM), except HRmax (SWC0.2 < TEM). Additionally, results showed a nearly perfect association between the VO2max values derived from the AGSET and MSRT (r = 0.985; coefficient of determination [R-2] = 97%) with no statistically significant differences (p>0.05). The mean (bias) +/- 95% limits of agreement between the two protocols were 0.28 +/- 0.55 mlminkg-1. Discussion AGSET seems to present very good reliability and concurrent validity for assessing endurance performance in elite artistic gymnastics. In addition, the newly developed protocol presents a good ability to detect small changes in performance. KW - artistic gymnastics KW - field test KW - aerobic endurance KW - validity KW - reliability KW - assessment KW - physical fitness KW - elite athletes Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2023.1159807 SN - 2624-9367 VL - 5 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Borýsek, Martin T1 - Jewish Communal Autonomy and Institutional Memory in Venetian Crete BT - a Study of Takkanot Kandiyah T3 - Studies in Jewish History and Culture N2 - In the first book-length study of Takkanot Kandiyah, Martin Borýsek analyses this fascinating corpus of Hebrew texts written between 1228 –1583 by the leaders of the Jewish community in Candia, the capital of Venetian Crete. Collected in the 16th century by the Cretan Jewish historian Elijah Capsali, the communal byelaws offer a unique perspective on the history of a vibrant, culturally diverse Jewish community during three centuries of Venetian rule. As well as confronting practical problems such as deciding whether Christian wine can be made kosher by adding honey, or stopping irresponsible Jewish youths disturbing religious services by setting off fireworks in the synagogue, Takkanot Kandiyah presents valuable material for the study of communal autonomy and institutional memory in pre-modern Jewish society. Y1 - 2023 UR - https://brill.com/display/title/64606 SN - 978-90-04-54742-1 SN - 978-90-04-54279-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004547421 SN - 1568-5004 VL - 75 PB - Brill CY - Leiden ER - TY - THES A1 - Arboleda Zapata, Mauricio T1 - Adapted inversion strategies for electrical resistivity data to explore layered near-surface environments N2 - The electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method is widely used to investigate geological, geotechnical, and hydrogeological problems in inland and aquatic environments (i.e., lakes, rivers, and seas). The objective of the ERT method is to obtain reliable resistivity models of the subsurface that can be interpreted in terms of the subsurface structure and petrophysical properties. The reliability of the resulting resistivity models depends not only on the quality of the acquired data, but also on the employed inversion strategy. Inversion of ERT data results in multiple solutions that explain the measured data equally well. Typical inversion approaches rely on different deterministic (local) strategies that consider different smoothing and damping strategies to stabilize the inversion. However, such strategies suffer from the trade-off of smearing possible sharp subsurface interfaces separating layers with resistivity contrasts of up to several orders of magnitude. When prior information (e.g., from outcrops, boreholes, or other geophysical surveys) suggests sharp resistivity variations, it might be advantageous to adapt the parameterization and inversion strategies to obtain more stable and geologically reliable model solutions. Adaptations to traditional local inversions, for example, by using different structural and/or geostatistical constraints, may help to retrieve sharper model solutions. In addition, layer-based model parameterization in combination with local or global inversion approaches can be used to obtain models with sharp boundaries. In this thesis, I study three typical layered near-surface environments in which prior information is used to adapt 2D inversion strategies to favor layered model solutions. In cooperation with the coauthors of Chapters 2-4, I consider two general strategies. Our first approach uses a layer-based model parameterization and a well-established global inversion strategy to generate ensembles of model solutions and assess uncertainties related to the non-uniqueness of the inverse problem. We apply this method to invert ERT data sets collected in an inland coastal area of northern France (Chapter~2) and offshore of two Arctic regions (Chapter~3). Our second approach consists of using geostatistical regularizations with different correlation lengths. We apply this strategy to a more complex subsurface scenario on a local intermountain alluvial fan in southwestern Germany (Chapter~4). Overall, our inversion approaches allow us to obtain resistivity models that agree with the general geological understanding of the studied field sites. These strategies are rather general and can be applied to various geological environments where a layered subsurface structure is expected. The flexibility of our strategies allows adaptations to invert other kinds of geophysical data sets such as seismic refraction or electromagnetic induction methods, and could be considered for joint inversion approaches. N2 - Die ERT-Methode (Electrical Resistivity Tomography) wird häufig zur Untersuchung geologischer, geotechnischer und hydrogeologischer Probleme im Binnenland und in Gewässern wie beispielsweise Seen, Flüssen oder dem Meer eingesetzt. Das Ziel der ERT-Methode ist es, zuverlässige Widerstandsmodelle des Untergrunds zu erhalten, die in Bezug auf die Struktur des Untergrundes und dessen petrophysikalischer Eigenschaften interpretiert werden können. Die Zuverlässigkeit der resultierenden Widerstandsmodelle hängt nicht nur von der Qualität der erfassten Daten ab, sondern auch von der angewendeten Inversionsstrategie. Die Inversion von ERT-Daten führt zu mehreren Lösungen, die die gemessenen Daten gleich gut erklären. Typische Inversionsansätze basieren auf verschiedenen deterministischen (lokalen) Strategien, die verschiedene Glättungs- und Dämpfungsstrategien berücksichtigen, um die Inversion zu stabilisieren. Diese Strategien haben jedoch den Nachteil, möglicherweise auftretende scharfe Grenzflächen zu verwischen. Es gibt jedoch Szenarien, in denen der Untergrund durch Schichten mit scharfen Grenzflächen gekennzeichnet ist, die Schichten mit hohem Widerstandskontrast (z. B. bis zu mehreren Größenordnungen) voneinander trennen. Wenn Vorwissen (z. B. aus Aufschlüssen, Bohrungen oder anderen geophysikalischen Untersuchungen) auf scharfe Widerstandsvariationen hindeutet, kann es von Vorteil sein, die Parametrisierungs- und Inversionsstrategien anzupassen, um stabilere und geologisch zuverlässige Modelllösungen zu erhalten. Anpassungen traditioneller lokaler Inversionen, beispielweise durch die Verwendung verschiedener struktureller und/oder geostatistischer Bedingungen, können helfen, schärfere Modelllösungen zu erhalten. Zusätzlich kann eine schichtbasierte Modellparametrisierung in Kombination mit lokalen oder globalen Inversionsansätzen verwendet werden, um Modelle mit scharfen Grenzen zu erhalten. In dieser Arbeit habe ich drei typische geschichtete oberflächennahe Umgebungen untersucht, in denen Vorabinformationen verwendet werden, um 2D-Inversionsstrategien so anzupassen, dass geschichtete Untergrundlösungen bevorzugt werden. In Zusammenarbeit mit den Co-Autoren der Kapitel 2-4 habe ich zwei allgemeine Strategien in Betracht gezogen. Unser erster Ansatz verwendet eine schichtbasierte Modellparametrisierung und eine gut etablierte globale Inversionsstrategie. Diese Strategie erzeugt Ensembles von Modelllösungen mithilfe derer die Unsicherheiten im Zusammenhang der Nicht-Eindeutigkeit des inversen Problems bewertet werden können. Wir wenden diese Methode an, um ERT-Datensätze zu invertieren, die in einem Binnenküstengebiet in Nordfrankreich (Kapitel 2) und vor der Küste zweier arktischer Regionen (Kapitel 3) gesammelt wurden. Unser zweiter Ansatz besteht darin, geostatistische Regularisierungen mit unterschiedlichen Korrelationslängen zu verwenden. Wir wenden diese Strategie auf ein komplexeres Untergrundszenario an, das sich auf einen lokalen Schwemmfächer in einem Mittelgebirge im Südwesten Deutshclands umfasst (Kapitel 4). Insgesamt ermöglichen uns unsere Inversionsansätze, Widerstandsmodelle zu erhalten, die mit dem allgemeinen geologischen Verständnis der untersuchten Feldstandorte übereinstimmen. Diese Strategien sind allgemeingültig und können in verschiedenen geologischen Umgebungen angewandt werden, in denen eine geschichtete Struktur des Untergrunds zu erwarten ist. Zudem erlaubt es die Flexibilität unserer Strategien, dass diese an die Inversion anderer geophysikalischer Datensätze wie seismischer Refraktionsmessungen oder elektromagentischer Induktionsverfahren angepasst werden können. Außerdem könnten solche Strategien für gemeinsame Inversionsansätze in Betracht gezogen werden. KW - Near-surface geophysics KW - Electrical resistivity tomography KW - Non-uniqueness KW - Global inversion KW - Particle swarm optimization KW - Ensemble analysis KW - Oberflächennahe Geophysik KW - Tomographie des elektrischen Widerstands KW - Nicht-Einmaligkeit KW - Globale Inversion KW - Partikelschwarm-Optimierung KW - Ensemble-Analyse Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-581357 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jung, Jana T1 - Partnership trajectories and their consequences over the life course BT - evidence from the German LifE Study JF - Advances in life course research N2 - Objective: Following a life course perspective, this study examines the link between partnership trajectories and three dimensions of psychological well-being: psychological health, overall sense of self-worth and quality of life. Background: Assuming that life outcomes are the result of prior decisions, experiences and events, partnership histories can be seen as a resource for psychological well-being. Furthermore, advantages or disadvantages from living with or without a partner should accumulate over time. While previous cross-sectional research has mainly focused on the influence of partnership status or a status change on well-being, prior longitudinal studies could not control for reverse causality of well-being and partnership trajectories. This research addresses the question of how different patterns of partnership biographies are related to a person's well-being in middle adulthood. Selection effects of pre-trajectory well-being as well as current life conditions are also taken into account. Method: Using data from the German LifE Study, the partnership trajectories between ages of 16 and 45 are classified by sequence and cluster analysis. OLS regression is then used to examine the link between types of partnership trajectories and depression, self-esteem and overall life satisfaction at age 45. Results: For women, well-being declined when experiencing unstable non-cohabitational union trajectories or divorce followed by unpartnered post-marital trajectories. Men suffered most from being long-term single. The results could not be explained by selection effects of pre-trajectory well-being. Conclusion: While women seem to 'recover' from most of the negative effects of unstable partnership trajectories through a new partnership, for men it was shown that being mainly unpartnered has long-lasting effects on their psychological well-being. KW - Partnership trajectories KW - Well-being KW - Life course perspective KW - Cumulative advantages and disadvantages KW - Sequence analysis KW - German LifE KW - Study Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2022.100525 SN - 1569-4909 SN - 1879-6974 VL - 55 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frodermann, Corinna A1 - Wrohlich, Katharina A1 - Zucco, Aline T1 - Parental leave policy and long-run earnings of mothers JF - Labour economics N2 - Paid parental leave schemes have been shown to increase women’s employment rates but to decrease their wages in case of extended leave duration. In view of these potential trade-offs, many countries are discussing the optimal design of parental leave policies. We analyze the impact of a major parental leave reform on mothers’ long-term earnings. The 2007 German parental leave reform replaced a means-tested benefit with a more generous earnings-related benefit that is granted for a shorter period of time. Additionally, a ”daddy quota” of two months was introduced. To identify the causal effect of this policy mix on long-run earnings of mothers, we use a difference-in-differences approach that compares labor market outcomes of mothers who gave birth just before and right after the reform and nets out seasonal effects by including the year before. Using administrative social security data, we confirm previous findings and show that the average duration of employment interruptions increased for mothers with high pre-birth earnings. Nevertheless, we find a positive long-run effect on earnings for mothers in this group. This effect cannot be explained by changes in the selection of working mothers, working hours or changes in employer stability. Descriptive evidence suggests that the stronger involvement of fathers, incentivized by the ”daddy months”, could have facilitated mothers’ re-entry into the labor market and thereby increased earnings. For mothers with low pre-birth earnings, however, we do not find beneficial long-run effects of this parental leave reform. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2022.102296 SN - 0927-5371 SN - 1879-1034 VL - 80 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Warschburger, Petra A1 - Kamrath, Clemens A1 - Lanzinger, Stefanie A1 - Sengler, Claudia A1 - Wiegand, Susanna A1 - Göldel, Julia Marlen A1 - Weihrauch-Blüher, Susann A1 - Holl, Reinhard A1 - Minden, Kirsten T1 - A prospective analysis of the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on well-being and health care among children with a chronic condition and their families BT - a study protocol of the KICK-COVID study JF - BMC pediatrics N2 - Background There is consistent evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with an increased psychosocial burden on children and adolescents and their parents. Relatively little is known about its particular impact on high-risk groups with chronic physical health conditions (CCs). Therefore, the primary aim of the study is to analyze the multiple impacts on health care and psychosocial well-being on these children and adolescents and their parents. Methods We will implement a two-stage approach. In the first step, parents and their underage children from three German patient registries for diabetes, obesity, and rheumatic diseases, are invited to fill out short questionnaires including questions about corona-specific stressors, the health care situation, and psychosocial well-being. In the next step, a more comprehensive, in-depth online survey is carried out in a smaller subsample. Discussion The study will provide insights into the multiple longer-term stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic in families with a child with a CC. The simultaneous consideration of medical and psycho-social endpoints will help to gain a deeper understanding of the complex interactions affecting family functioning, psychological well-being, and health care delivery. KW - Chronic conditions KW - COVID-19 KW - Children and adolescents KW - Parents KW - Risk perception KW - Psychosocial strain KW - Diabetes KW - Rheumatic diseases KW - Obesity Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-023-03912-7 SN - 1471-2431 VL - 23 IS - 1 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cheng, Feng A1 - Dennis, Alice B. A1 - Osuoha, Josephine Ijeoma A1 - Canitz, Julia A1 - Kirschbaum, Frank A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph T1 - A new genome assembly of an African weakly electric fish (Campylomormyrus compressirostris, Mormyridae) indicates rapid gene family evolution in Osteoglossomorpha JF - BMC genomics N2 - Background Teleost fishes comprise more than half of the vertebrate species. Within teleosts, most phylogenies consider the split between Osteoglossomorpha and Euteleosteomorpha/Otomorpha as basal, preceded only by the derivation of the most primitive group of teleosts, the Elopomorpha. While Osteoglossomorpha are generally species poor, the taxon contains the African weakly electric fish (Mormyroidei), which have radiated into numerous species. Within the mormyrids, the genus Campylomormyrus is mostly endemic to the Congo Basin. Campylomormyrus serves as a model to understand mechanisms of adaptive radiation and ecological speciation, especially with regard to its highly diverse species-specific electric organ discharges (EOD). Currently, there are few well-annotated genomes available for electric fish in general and mormyrids in particular. Our study aims at producing a high-quality genome assembly and to use this to examine genome evolution in relation to other teleosts. This will facilitate further understanding of the evolution of the osteoglossomorpha fish in general and of electric fish in particular. Results A high-quality weakly electric fish (C. compressirostris) genome was produced from a single individual with a genome size of 862 Mb, consisting of 1,497 contigs with an N50 of 1,399 kb and a GC-content of 43.69%. Gene predictions identified 34,492 protein-coding genes, which is a higher number than in the two other available Osteoglossomorpha genomes of Paramormyrops kingsleyae and Scleropages formosus. A Computational Analysis of gene Family Evolution (CAFE5) comparing 33 teleost fish genomes suggests an overall faster gene family turnover rate in Osteoglossomorpha than in Otomorpha and Euteleosteomorpha. Moreover, the ratios of expanded/contracted gene family numbers in Osteoglossomorpha are significantly higher than in the other two taxa, except for species that had undergone an additional genome duplication (Cyprinus carpio and Oncorhynchus mykiss). As potassium channel proteins are hypothesized to play a key role in EOD diversity among species, we put a special focus on them, and manually curated 16 Kv1 genes. We identified a tandem duplication in the KCNA7a gene in the genome of C. compressirostris. Conclusions We present the fourth genome of an electric fish and the third well-annotated genome for Osteoglossomorpha, enabling us to compare gene family evolution among major teleost lineages. Osteoglossomorpha appear to exhibit rapid gene family evolution, with more gene family expansions than contractions. The curated Kv1 gene family showed seven gene clusters, which is more than in other analyzed fish genomes outside Osteoglossomorpha. The KCNA7a, encoding for a potassium channel central for EOD production and modulation, is tandemly duplicated which may related to the diverse EOD observed among Campylomormyrus species. KW - Campylomormyrus KW - Pacbio sequencing KW - Gene family KW - Osteoglossomorpha KW - Kv1 Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-023-09196-6 SN - 1471-2164 VL - 24 IS - 1 PB - BMC CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fehr, Jana A1 - Piccininni, Marco A1 - Kurth, Tobias A1 - Konigorski, Stefan T1 - Assessing the transportability of clinical prediction models for cognitive impairment using causal models JF - BMC medical research methodology N2 - Background Machine learning models promise to support diagnostic predictions, but may not perform well in new settings. Selecting the best model for a new setting without available data is challenging. We aimed to investigate the transportability by calibration and discrimination of prediction models for cognitive impairment in simulated external settings with different distributions of demographic and clinical characteristics. Methods We mapped and quantified relationships between variables associated with cognitive impairment using causal graphs, structural equation models, and data from the ADNI study. These estimates were then used to generate datasets and evaluate prediction models with different sets of predictors. We measured transportability to external settings under guided interventions on age, APOE & epsilon;4, and tau-protein, using performance differences between internal and external settings measured by calibration metrics and area under the receiver operating curve (AUC). Results Calibration differences indicated that models predicting with causes of the outcome were more transportable than those predicting with consequences. AUC differences indicated inconsistent trends of transportability between the different external settings. Models predicting with consequences tended to show higher AUC in the external settings compared to internal settings, while models predicting with parents or all variables showed similar AUC. Conclusions We demonstrated with a practical prediction task example that predicting with causes of the outcome results in better transportability compared to anti-causal predictions when considering calibration differences. We conclude that calibration performance is crucial when assessing model transportability to external settings. KW - Alzheimer's Disease KW - Clinical risk prediction KW - DAG KW - Causality; KW - Transportability Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-023-02003-6 SN - 1471-2288 VL - 23 IS - 1 PB - BMC CY - London ER - TY - THES A1 - Verch, Ronald T1 - Whole-body electrical muscle stimulation superimposed walking as training tool in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus T1 - Elektrische Ganzkörpermuskelstimulation überlagertes Gehen als Trainingsinstrument bei der Behandlung von Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 N2 - Background: The worldwide prevalence of diabetes has been increasing in recent years, with a projected prevalence of 700 million patients by 2045, leading to economic burdens on societies. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), representing more than 95% of all diabetes cases, is a multifactorial metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance leading to an imbalance between insulin requirements and supply. Overweight and obesity are the main risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. The lifestyle modification of following a healthy diet and physical activity are the primary successful treatment and prevention methods for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Problems may exist with patients not achieving recommended levels of physical activity. Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) is an increasingly popular training method and has become in the focus of research in recent years. It involves the external application of an electric field to muscles, which can lead to muscle contraction. Positive effects of EMS training have been found in healthy individuals as well as in various patient groups. New EMS devices offer a wide range of mobile applications for whole-body electrical muscle stimulation (WB-EMS) training, e.g., the intensification of dynamic low-intensity endurance exercises through WB-EMS. This dissertation project aims to investigate whether WB-EMS is suitable for intensifying low-intensive dynamic exercises such as walking and Nordic walking. Methods: Two independent studies were conducted. The first study aimed to investigate the reliability of exercise parameters during the 10-meter Incremental Shuttle Walk Test (10MISWT) using superimposed WB-EMS (research question 1, sub-question a) and the difference in exercise intensity compared to conventional walking (CON-W, research question 1, sub-question b). The second study aimed to compare differences in exercise parameters between superimposed WB-EMS (WB-EMS-W) and conventional walking (CON-W), as well as between superimposed WB-EMS (WB-EMS-NW) and conventional Nordic walking (CON-NW) on a treadmill (research question 2). Both studies took place in participant groups of healthy, moderately active men aged 35-70 years. During all measurements, the Easy Motion Skin® WB-EMS low frequency stimulation device with adjustable intensities for eight muscle groups was used. The current intensity was individually adjusted for each participant at each trial to ensure safety, avoiding pain and muscle cramps. In study 1, thirteen individuals were included for each sub question. A randomized cross-over design with three measurement appointments used was to avoid confounding factors such as delayed onset muscle soreness. The 10MISWT was performed until the participants no longer met the criteria of the test and recording five outcome measures: peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), relative VO2peak (rel.VO2peak), maximum walk distance (MWD), blood lactate concentration, and the rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Eleven participants were included in study 2. A randomized cross-over design in a study with four measurement appointments was used to avoid confounding factors. A treadmill test protocol at constant velocity (6.5 m/s) was developed to compare exercise intensities. Oxygen uptake (VO2), relative VO2 (rel.VO2) blood lactate, and the RPE were used as outcome variables. Test-retest reliability between measurements was determined using a compilation of absolute and relative measures of reliability. Outcome measures in study 2 were studied using multifactorial analyses of variances. Results: Reliability analysis showed good reliability for VO2peak, rel.VO2peak, MWD and RPE with no statistically significant difference for WB-EMS-W during 10WISWT. However, differences compared to conventional walking in outcome variables were not found. The analysis of the treadmill tests showed significant effects for the factors CON/WB-EMS and W/NW for the outcome variables VO2, rel.VO2 and lactate, with both factors leading to higher results. However, the difference in VO2 and relative VO2 is within the range of biological variability of ± 12%. The factor combination EMS∗W/NW is statistically non-significant for all three variables. WB-EMS resulted in the higher RPE values, RPE differences for W/NW and EMS∗W/NW were not significant. Discussion: The present project found good reliability for measuring VO2peak, rel. VO2peak, MWD and RPE during 10MISWT during WB-EMS-W, confirming prior research of the test. The test appears technically limited rather than physiologically in healthy, moderately active men. However, it is unsuitable for investigating differences in exercise intensities using WB-EMS-W compared to CON-W due to different perceptions of current intensity between exercise and rest. A treadmill test with constant walking speed was conducted to adjust individual maximum tolerable current intensity for the second part of the project. The treadmill test showed a significant increase in metabolic demands during WB-EMS-W and WB-EMS-NW by an increased VO2 and blood lactate concentration. However, the clinical relevance of these findings remains debatable. The study also found that WB-EMS superimposed exercises are perceived as more strenuous than conventional exercise. While in parts comparable studies lead to higher results for VO2, our results are in line with those of other studies using the same frequency. Due to the minor clinical relevance the use of WB-EMS as exercise intensification tool during walking and Nordic walking is limited. High device cost should be considered. Habituation to WB-EMS could increase current intensity tolerance and VO2 and make it a meaningful method in the treatment of T2DM. Recent figures show that WB-EMS is used in obese people to achieve health and weight goals. The supposed benefit should be further investigated scientifically. N2 - Hintergrund: Die weltweite Prävalenz von Diabetes hat in den letzten Jahren zugenommen. Bis zum Jahr 2045 wird mit einer Prävalenz von 700 Millionen Patienten gerechnet, was zu einer wirtschaftlichen Belastung für die Gesellschaft führt. Diabetes mellitus Typ 2, der mehr als 95 % aller Diabetesfälle ausmacht, ist eine multifaktorielle Stoffwechselstörung, die durch Insulinresistenz gekennzeichnet ist und zu einem Ungleichgewicht zwischen Insulinbedarf und -angebot führt. Übergewicht und Adipositas sind die Hauptrisikofaktoren für die Entwicklung von Diabetes mellitus Typ 2. Die Änderung des Lebensstils durch eine gesunde Ernährung und körperliche Aktivität ist die wichtigste und erfolgreichste Behandlungs- und Präventionsmethode für Diabetes mellitus Typ 2. Probleme können bei den Patienten bestehen, den empfohlenen Umfang an körperlicher Aktivität zu erreichen. Die elektrische Muskelstimulation (EMS) ist eine zunehmend beliebte Trainingsmethode, die in den letzten Jahren in den Mittelpunkt der Forschung gerückt ist. Dabei wird von außen ein elektrisches Feld an die Muskeln angelegt, was zu einer Muskelkontraktion führen kann. Positive Effekte des EMS-Trainings wurden sowohl bei gesunden Personen als auch in verschiedenen Patientengruppen gefunden. Neue EMS-Geräte bieten eine breite Palette mobiler Anwendungen für das Ganzkörper-EMS-Training (WB-EMS), z.B. die Intensivierung von dynamischen Ausdauerübungen mit niedriger Intensität durch WB-EMS. In diesem Dissertationsprojekt soll untersucht werden, ob die WB-EMS zur Intensivierung von dynamischen Übungen mit geringer Intensität wie Walking und Nordic Walking geeignet ist. Methodik: Zwei unabhängige Studien wurden durchgeführt. In der ersten Studie wurden die Zuverlässigkeit von Belastungsparametern während des 10-Meter-Inkremental-Penlde-Gehtests (10MISWT) unter Verwendung von überlagertem WB-EMS (Forschungsfrage 1, Unterfrage a) und der Unterschied in der Belastungsintensität zum konventionellen Gehen (Forschungsfrage 1, Unterfrage b) untersucht. Die zweite Studie beschäftigte sich mit Unterschieden in Belastungsparametern zwischen überlagertem WB-EMS (WB-EMS-W) und konventionellem Gehen (CON-W) sowie zwischen überlagertem WB-EMS (WB-EMS-NW) und konventionellem Nordic Walking (CON-NW) auf einem Laufband zu vergleichen (Forschungsfrage 2). Beide Studien wurden an Teilnehmergruppen von gesunden, mäßig aktiven Männern im Alter von 35-70 Jahren durchgeführt. Bei allen Messungen wurde das Niederfrequenz-Stimulationsgerät Easy Motion Skin® für WB-EMS mit einstellbaren Intensitäten für acht Muskelgruppen verwendet. Um die Sicherheit zu gewährleisten und Schmerzen und Muskelkrämpfe zu vermeiden, wurde die Stromintensität für jeden Teilnehmer bei jedem Versuch individuell angepasst. In Studie 1 wurden dreizehn Personen für jede Unterfrage einbezogen. Es wurde ein randomisiertes Cross-over-Design mit drei Messterminen verwendet, um Störfaktoren wie z. B. einen verzögert einsetzenden Muskelkater zu vermeiden. Der 10MISWT wurde so lange durchgeführt, bis die Teilnehmer die Kriterien des Tests, das Erreichen des Kegels bis zum nächsten akustischen Signal, nicht mehr erfüllten. Fünf Ergebnisgrößen erfasst wurden: Spitzenwertmessung der Sauerstoffaufnahme (VO2peak), relative VO2peak (rel.VO2peak), maximale Gehstrecke (MWD), Blutlaktatkonzentration und der Grad der wahrgenommenen Anstrengung (RPE). Elf Teilnehmer wurden in Studie 2 eingeschlossen. Um Störfaktoren zu vermeiden, wurde ein randomisiertes Cross-over-Design in einer Studie mit vier Messterminen verwendet. Es wurde ein Laufbandtestprotokoll mit konstanter Geschwindigkeit (6,5 m/s) entwickelt, um die Belastungsintensitäten zu vergleichen. Sauerstoffaufnahme (VO2), relative VO2 (rel. VO2), Blutlaktat und der RPE wurden als Ergebnisvariablen verwendet. Die Test-Retest-Reproduzierbarkeit zwischen den Messungen wurde anhand einer Zusammenstellung absoluter und relativer Zuverlässigkeitsmaße ermittelt. Die Ergebnisgrößen in Studie 2 wurden mit Hilfe multifaktorieller Varianzanalysen untersucht. Ergebnisse: Die Reliabilitätsanalyse zeigte eine gute Zuverlässigkeit für VO2peak, rel.VO2peak, MWD und RPE ohne statistisch signifikanten Unterschied für das WB-EMS überlagerte Gehen zwischen den beiden Messungen während des 10WISWT. Es wurden jedoch keine Unterschiede bei den Ergebnisvariablen im Vergleich zum konventionellen Gehen festgestellt. Die Analyse der Laufbandtests zeigte signifikante Effekte für die Faktoren CON/WB-EMS und W/NW für die Ergebnisvariablen VO2, rel.VO2 und Laktat, wobei beide Faktoren zu höheren Ergebnissen führten. Der Unterschied bei VO2 und rel.VO2 liegt jedoch im Bereich der biologischen Variabilität von ± 12 %. Die Faktorenkombination EMS∗W/NW ist für alle drei Variablen statistisch nicht signifikant. WB-EMS führte zu den höheren RPE-Werten, die RPE-Unterschiede für W/NW und EMS∗W/NW waren nicht signifikant. Diskussion: Das vorliegende Projekt ergab eine gute Zuverlässigkeit bei der Messung von VO2peak, rel.VO2peak, MWD und RPE während des 10MISWT mit WB-EMS-Überlagerung beim Gehen, was frühere Untersuchungen zu diesem Test bestätigen. Der Test scheint bei gesunden, mäßig aktiven Männern eher technisch als physiologisch begrenzt zu sein. Er ist jedoch ungeeignet für die Untersuchung von Unterschieden in der Belastungsintensität bei überlagertem WB-EMS im Vergleich zum herkömmlichen Gehen, da die Stromstärkenintensität des WB-EMS zwischen Belastung und Ruhe unterschiedlich wahrgenommen wird. Für den zweiten Teil des Projekts wurde ein Laufbandtest mit konstanter Gehgeschwindigkeit durchgeführt, um die individuell maximal tolerierbare Stromintensität während der Belastung einzustellen. Der Laufbandtest zeigte eine signifikante Erhöhung der metabolischen Anforderungen während des WB-EMS überlagerten Gehens und des Nordic Walking durch eine erhöhte VO2 und Blutlaktatkonzentration. Die klinische Relevanz dieser Ergebnisse bleibt jedoch umstritten. Die Studie ergab auch, dass WB-EMS-überlagerte Übungen als anstrengender empfunden werden als konventionelle Übungen. Während vergleichbare Studien zum Teil zu höheren VO2-Werten führen, stimmen unsere Ergebnisse mit denen anderer Studien überein, welche dieselbe Stromfrequenz verwenden. Aufgrund der bisher fehlenden klinischen Relevanz ist der Einsatz von WB-EMS zur Trainingsintensivierung beim Gehen und Nordic Walking begrenzt. Die hohen Gerätekosten sollten berücksichtigt werden. Die Gewöhnung an WB-EMS könnte die Toleranz gegenüber der aktuellen Intensität erhöhen, die VO2 weiter steigern und es zu einer sinnvollen Methode für die Behandlung von T2DM machen. Jüngste Zahlen zeigen, dass WB-EMS bei adipösen Menschen eingesetzt wird, um Gesundheits- und Gewichtsziele zu erreichen, der vermeintliche Nutzen sollte wissenschaftlich weiter untersucht werden. KW - whole-body electrical muscle stimulation KW - walking KW - type 2 diabetes mellitus KW - Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 KW - Gehen KW - elektrische Ganzkörpermuskelstimulation Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-634240 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - David, Natalie A. A1 - Coutinho, James A. A1 - Brennecke, Julia ED - Gerbasi, Alexandra ED - Emery, Cécile ED - Parker, Andrew T1 - Workplace friendships BT - antecedents, consequences, and new challenges for employees and organizations T2 - Understanding workplace relationships N2 - Workplace friendships, i.e., when work colleagues are also friends, are a widespread phenomenon in organizations which has attracted increasing research interest in recent decades. Numerous studies have investigated consequences of workplace friendships and found positive outcomes, such as increased employee job satisfaction or organizational performance, as well as negative outcomes, such as decreased knowledge-sharing between different friendship cliques. Other studies have examined what shapes workplace friendships, focusing on determinants such as personality or the spatial composition of organizations. Finally, an increasing number of studies focus on multiplex workplace friendships, where employees who are friends are also linked by a specific work-focused relationship. In this chapter, we first take stock of the literature on workplace friendships by providing an overview of their antecedents and consequences at the individual, the group, and the organizational level, and review the smaller body of research on multiplex workplace friendships. Second, we critically discuss practical implications of workplace friendships, focusing on their relevance to three current challenges for employees and organizations: the increase in virtual work, social inequalities in organizations, and the increased overlap of professional and private life. Finally, we provide recommendations for organizations on how to address these challenges and effectively manage workplace friendships. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-031-16639-6 SN - 978-3-031-16640-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16640-2_11 SP - 325 EP - 368 PB - Palgrave Macmillan CY - Cham ER - TY - THES A1 - Alexoudi, Xanthippi T1 - Clarifying the discrepant results in the characterization of exoplanetary atmospheres T1 - Klärung der widersprüchlichen Ergebnisse bei der Charakterisierung von exoplaneten Atmosphären N2 - Planets outside our solar system, so-called "exoplanets", can be detected with different methods, and currently more than 5000 exoplanets have been confirmed, according to NASA Exoplanet Archive. One major highlight of the studies on exoplanets in the past twenty years is the characterization of their atmospheres usingtransmission spectroscopy as the exoplanet transits. However, this characterization is a challenging process and sometimes there are reported discrepancies in the literature regarding the atmosphere of the same exoplanet. One potential reason for the observed atmospheric inconsistencies is called impact parameter degeneracy, and it is highly driven by the limb darkening effect of the host star. A brief introductionto those topics in presented in chapter 1, while the motivation and objectives of thiswork are described in chapter 2.The first goal is to clarify the origin of the transmission spectrum, which is anindicator of an exoplanet’s atmosphere; whether it is real or influenced by the impactparameter degeneracy. A second goal is to determine whether photometry from space using the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), could improve on the major parameters, which are responsible for the aforementioned degeneracy, of known exoplanetary systems. Three individual projects were conducted in order toaddress those goals. The three manuscripts are presented, in short, in the manuscriptoverview in chapter 3.More specifically, in chapter 4, the first manuscript is presented, which is an ex-tended investigation on the impact parameter degeneracy and its application onsynthetic transmission spectra. Evidently, the limb darkening of the host star isan important driver for this effect. It keeps the degeneracy persisting through different groups of exoplanets, based on the uncertainty of their impact parameter and on the type of their host star. The second goal, was addressed in the second and third manuscripts (chapter 5 and chapter 6 respectively). Using observationsfrom the TESS mission, two samples of exoplanets were studied; 10 transiting inflated hot-Jupiters and 43 transiting grazing systems. Potentially, the refinement or confirmation of their major system parameters’ measurements can assist in solving current or future discrepancies regarding their atmospheric characterization.In chapter 7 the conclusions of this work are discussed, while in chapter 8 itis proposed how TESS’s measurements can be able to discern between erroneousinterpretations of transmission spectra, especially on systems where the impact parameter degeneracy is likely not applicable. N2 - Planeten außerhalb unseres Sonnensystems, sogenannte Exoplaneten", lassen sichmit verschiedenen Methoden aufspüren, und nach Angaben des NASA ExoplanetArchive wurden bisher mehr als 5000 Exoplaneten bestätigt. Ein großer Höhepunktder Studien über Exoplaneten in den letzten zwanzig Jahren ist die Charakterisierung ihrer Atmosphäre mit Hilfe der Methode der Transmissionsspektroskopie. Diese Charakterisierung ist jedoch ein schwieriger Prozess, und manchmal wird in derLiteratur für den gleichen Planeten unterschiedliche Resultate bezüglich seiner Systemparameter gezeigt. Ein möglicher Grund für die beobachteten atmosphärischen Unstimmigkeiten könnte durch die Entartung des Impaktparameters herrühren, diein hohem Maße durch den Verdunkelungseffekt des Muttersterns beeinflusst wird.Eine kurze Einführung in diese Themen wird in Kapitel 1 gegeben, während die Motivation und die Ziele dieser Arbeit in Kapitel 2 beschrieben werden.Das erste Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Klärung der Herkunft von Merkmalen im Transmissionsspektrum, die Indikatoren für die Atmosphäre eines Exoplaneten sind; obsie real sind oder durch die Entartung des Impaktparameters beeinflusst werden. Einzweites Ziel ist es, festzustellen, ob die Photometrie aus dem Weltraum mit Hilfe desTransiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) die atmosphärischen Systemparameter bekannter Exoplanetensysteme verbessern könnte. Drei Einzelprojekte wurdendurchgeführt, um diese Ziele zu erreichen. Die drei Manuskripte werden in der Manuskriptübersicht in Kapitel 3 kurz vorgestellt.Genauer gesagt, wird in Kapitel 4 das erste Manuskript vorgestellt, welches eineerweiterte Untersuchung der Entartung des Impaktparameters und seine Anwendungauf synthetische Transmissionsspektren darstellt. Offensichtlich ist die Randverdunkelung des Muttersterns ein wichtiger Treiber für diesen Effekt. Sie sorgt dafür, dass die Entartung über verschiedene Gruppen von Exoplaneten, die auf der Unsicherheitihrer Impaktparameters und dem Typ ihres Muttersterns beruhen, auftaucht. Daszweite Ziel wurde im zweiten und dritten Manuskript behandelt (Kapitel 5 und Kapitel 6, jeweils). Anhand von Beobachtungen der TESS-Mission wurden zwei Populationen von Exoplaneten untersucht: zehn transitierende, aufgeblähte heiße-Jupiter Planeten und 43 nicht-zentral transitierende. Möglicherweise kann die Verbesserungoder Bestätigung der Messungen der wichtigsten Systemparameter dazu beitragen,aktuelle oder zukünftige Diskrepanzen bei der Charakterisierung ihrer Atmosphärezu lösen.In Kapitel 7 werden die Schlussfolgerungen dieser Arbeit erörtert, während inKapitel 8 diskutiert wird, wie die Messungen von TESS in der Lage sein können,zwischen fehlerhaften Interpretationen von Transmissionsspektren zu unterscheiden,insbesondere bei Systemen, bei denen die Entartung des Impaktparameters wahrscheinlich nicht zutrifft. KW - Exoplaneten KW - exoplanets KW - atmosphere KW - Atmosphäre KW - photometry KW - Photometrie KW - transmission spectroscopy KW - Transmissionsspektroskopie KW - observations with TESS KW - Beobachtungen mit TESS Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-605659 ER - TY - THES A1 - Riebold, Johannes T1 - On the linkage between future Arctic sea ice retreat, the large-scale atmospheric circulation and temperature extremes over Europe T1 - Untersuchung des Zusammenhangs zwischen zukünftigen Arktischen Meereisänderungen, der großskaligen atmosphärischen Zirkulation und Temperaturextremen über Europa N2 - Extreme weather and climate events are one of the greatest dangers for present-day society. Therefore, it is important to provide reliable statements on what changes in extreme events can be expected along with future global climate change. However, the projected overall response to future climate change is generally a result of a complex interplay between individual physical mechanisms originated within the different climate subsystems. Hence, a profound understanding of these individual contributions is required in order to provide meaningful assessments of future changes in extreme events. One aspect of climate change is the recently observed phenomenon of Arctic Amplification and the related dramatic Arctic sea ice decline, which is expected to continue over the next decades. The question to what extent Arctic sea ice loss is able to affect atmospheric dynamics and extreme events over mid-latitudes has received a lot of attention over recent years and still remains a highly debated topic. In this respect, the objective of this thesis is to contribute to a better understanding on the impact of future Arctic sea ice retreat on European temperature extremes and large-scale atmospheric dynamics. The outcomes are based on model data from the atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM6. Two different sea ice sensitivity simulations from the Polar Amplification Intercomparison Project are employed and contrasted to a present day reference experiment: one experiment with prescribed future sea ice loss over the entire Arctic, as well as another one with sea ice reductions only locally prescribed over the Barents-Kara Sea.% prescribed over the entire Arctic, as well as only locally over the Barent/Karasea with a present day reference experiment. The first part of the thesis focuses on how future Arctic sea ice reductions affect large-scale atmospheric dynamics over the Northern Hemisphere in terms of occurrence frequency changes of five preferred Euro-Atlantic circulation regimes. When compared to circulation regimes computed from ERA5 it shows that ECHAM6 is able to realistically simulate the regime structures. Both ECHAM6 sea ice sensitivity experiments exhibit similar regime frequency changes. Consistent with tendencies found in ERA5, a more frequent occurrence of a Scandinavian blocking pattern in midwinter is for instance detected under future sea ice conditions in the sensitivity experiments. Changes in occurrence frequencies of circulation regimes in summer season are however barely detected. After identifying suitable regime storylines for the occurrence of European temperature extremes in winter, the previously detected regime frequency changes are used to quantify dynamically and thermodynamically driven contributions to sea ice-induced changes in European winter temperature extremes. It is for instance shown how the preferred occurrence of a Scandinavian blocking regime under low sea ice conditions dynamically contributes to more frequent midwinter cold extreme occurrences over Central Europe. In addition, a reduced occurrence frequency of a Atlantic trough regime is linked to reduced winter warm extremes over Mid-Europe. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how the overall thermodynamical warming effect due to sea ice loss can result in less (more) frequent winter cold (warm) extremes, and consequently counteracts the dynamically induced changes. Compared to winter season, circulation regimes in summer are less suitable as storylines for the occurrence of summer heat extremes. Therefore, an approach based on circulation analogues is employed in order to quantify thermodyamically and dynamically driven contributions to sea ice-induced changes of summer heat extremes over three different European sectors. Reduced occurrences of blockings over Western Russia are detected in the ECHAM6 sea ice sensitivity experiments; however, arguing for dynamically and thermodynamically induced contributions to changes in summer heat extremes remains rather challenging. N2 - Wetter- und Klimaextreme stellen eine der größten Gefahren für die heutige Gesellschaft dar. Daher ist es essentiell verlässliche Aussagen darüber zu treffen, welche Änderungen solcher Extremereignisse im Zuge des zukünftigen globalen Klimawandels zu erwarten sind. Die projizierten Klimaänderungen, welche mit dem zukünftigen Klimawandel einhergehen, sind jedoch im Allgemeinen das Ergebnis komplexer Wechselwirkungen von verschiedenen physikalischen und dynamischen Prozessen in den verschiedenen Subsystemen des Klimasystems. Daher ist ein tiefgreifendes Verständnis dieser einzelnen Prozesse erforderlich, um aussagekräftige Einschätzungen für die Zukunft abgeben zu können. Ein Aspekt des globalen Klimawandels über die letzten Dekaden ist das Phänomen der arktischen Verstärkung und der damit verbundene dramatische Rückgang des Arktischen Meereises, welcher sich voraussichtlich in den nächsten Jahrzehnten auch fortsetzen wird. Die Frage, inwieweit der Rückgang des arktischen Meereises die atmosphärische Dynamik sowie Wetter- und Klimaextreme über den mittleren Breiten beeinflussen kann, wurde in den letzten Jahren von einer Vielzahl von Studien adressiert, bleibt jedoch bis zum heutigen Tage ein kontrovers diskutiertes Thema. Aus diesem Grund zielt die vorliegende Arbeit darauf ab einen Beitrag zu einem besseren Verständnis der Auswirkungen des zukünftigen arktischen Meereisrückgangs auf europäische Temperaturextreme, sowie auf Änderungen der relevanten großräumigen atmosphärischen Zirkulationsbedingungen zu leisten. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit basieren auf Modelldaten des atmosphärischen Zirkulationsmodells ECHAM6. Zwei unterschiedliche Meereissensitivitätsexperimente aus dem Polar Amplification Intercomparison Project werden analysiert: ein Experiment mit vorgeschriebener zukünftiger Meereisreduktion über der gesamten Arktis, sowie ein Weiteres, in dem jediglich das Meereis über der Barents- und Karasee verringert wird. Beide Experimente werden einer Referenzsimulation gegenübergestellt, welche gegenwärtige Meereisbedingungen repräsentiert. Zunächst wird analysiert, inwieweit der zukünftige arktische Meereisrückgang Einfluss auf die großräumige atmosphärische Zirkulation über der nördlichen Hemisphäre hat. Dazu werden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit die Häufigkeitsänderungen von fünf bevorzugten atmosphärischen Zirkulationsregimen bestimmt. Beide Sensitivitätsexperimente zeigen diesbezüglich ähnliche Änderungen in den Auftrittswahrscheinlichkeiten der Regime. In Übereinstimmung mit Ergebnissen, welche auf der ERA5-Reanalyse basieren, zeigt sich beispielsweise ein häufigeres Auftreten eines skandinavischen Blockierungsmusters im Mittwinter unter reduzierten Meereisbedingungen. Änderungen in der Auftrittswahrscheinlichkeit verschiedener Zirkulationsregime in der Sommersaison werden hingegen kaum detektiert. Anschließend werden jene Regime identifiziert, welche mit einem häufigerem Auftreten von winterlichen Temperaturextremen über Europa in Verbindung gebracht werden können. In Kombination mit den zuvor erfassten meereisbedingten Änderungen in den Auftrittswahrscheinlichkeiten der Regime werden dann dynamisch und thermodynamisch induzierte Beiträge zu meereisbedingten Änderungen europäischer Temperaturextreme quantifiziert. Es zeigt sich beispielsweise, dass das bevorzugte Auftreten des skandinavischen Blockierungsmusters unter zukünftigen Meereisbedingungen dynamisch zu häufigeren Kälteextremereignissen im Winter über Mitteleuropa beiträgt. Darüber hinaus kann eine reduzierte Häufigkeit des Auftretens eines Regimes, welches mit einem Trog über dem westlichen Atlantik assoziiert werden kann, mit einer verringerten Anzahl von sehr warmen Wintertagen über Mitteleuropa in Verbindung gebracht werden. Es wird zudem gezeigt, wie der in den Modellsimulationen thermodynamisch induzierte Erwärmungseffekt infolge der reduzierten Meereisbedingungen zu einem häufigeren (weniger häufigeren) Auftreten von extrem warmen (kalten) Wintertagen führen kann. Dieser thermodynamische Effekt kann folglich den dynamisch induzierten Veränderungen entgegenwirken. Zirkulationsregime in der Sommersaison können nur bedingt mit einem häufigeren Auftreten von europäischen Hitzeextremen im Sommer in Verbindung gebracht werden. Aus diesem Grund wird ein zusätzlicher methodischer Ansatz verwendet, der auf der Identifikation von Zirkulationsmustern basiert, welche große Ähnlichkeit zu typischen atmosphärischen Blockierungen während vergangener Hitzewellen über verschiedenen europäischen Regionen aufweisen. Dies ermöglicht es meereisbedingte Änderungen im Auftreten von Hitzeextremen über drei verschiedene europäische Sektoren in thermodynamisch und dynamisch induzierte Beiträge zu zerlegen. In den Meereissensitivitätsexperimenten kann beispielsweise ein selteneres Auftreten von Blockierungen über Westrussland detektiert werden. Eine in sich geschlossene physikalische Argumentation bezüglich der dynamisch und thermodynamisch induzierten Beiträge zu den detektierten Änderungen in der Häufigkeit von sommerlichen Hitzeextremen stellt jedoch weiterhin eine Herausforderung dar. Im Vergleich zu anderen Aspekten des zukünftigen Klimawandels, wie beispielsweise dem thermodynamischen Einfluss global erhöhter Meeresoberflächentemperaturen, zeigt sich, dass die meereisinduzierten Auswirkungen auf europäische Temperaturextreme wahrscheinlich von untergeordneter Bedeutung sind. Nichtsdestotrotz können die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zu einem besseren Verständnis gegenwärtiger und zeitnah zu erwartender Änderungen von Temperaturextremereignissen über Europa beitragen. Zusätzlich dazu bietet die vorliegende Arbeit eine nützliche und ergänzende Perspektive auf die wissenschaftliche Fragestellung, inwieweit der Arktische Klimawandel mit Änderungen in der atmosphärischen Zirkulation und Extremereignissen über den mittleren Breiten in Verbindung gebracht werden kann. Folglich trägt diese Arbeit damit dazu bei einem allgemeinen Konsens in diesem stark debattierten Forschungsgebiet einen Schritt näher zu kommen. KW - extreme events KW - Arctic sea ice KW - circulation regimes KW - atmosphere KW - climate change KW - Extremereignisse KW - arktisches Meereis KW - Zirkulationsregime KW - Klimawandel KW - Atmosphäre KW - large-scale circulation KW - großskalige Zirkulation Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-604883 ER - TY - THES A1 - Haseeb, Haider T1 - Charge and heat transport across interfaces in nanostructured porous silicon T1 - Ladungs- und Wärmetransport über Grenzflächen in nanostrukturiertem porösem Silizium N2 - This thesis discusses heat and charge transport phenomena in single-crystalline Silicon penetrated by nanometer-sized pores, known as mesoporous Silicon (pSi). Despite the extensive attention given to it as a thermoelectric material of interest, studies on microscopic thermal and electronic transport beyond its macroscopic characterizations are rarely reported. In contrast, this work reports the interplay of both. PSi samples synthesized by electrochemical anodization display a temperature dependence of specific heat 𝐶𝑝 that deviates from the characteristic 𝑇^3 behaviour (at 𝑇<50𝐾). A thorough analysis reveals that both 3D and 2D Einstein and Debye modes contribute to this specific heat. Additional 2D Einstein modes (~3 𝑚𝑒𝑉) agree reasonably well with the boson peak of SiO2 in pSi pore walls. 2D Debye modes are proposed to account for surface acoustic modes causing a significant deviation from the well-known 𝑇^3 dependence of 𝐶𝑝 at 𝑇<50𝐾. A novel theoretical model gives insights into the thermal conductivity of pSi in terms of porosity and phonon scattering on the nanoscale. The thermal conductivity analysis utilizes the peculiarities of the pSi phonon dispersion probed by the inelastic neutron scattering experiments. A phonon mean-free path of around 10 𝑛𝑚 extracted from the presented model is proposed to cause the reduced thermal conductivity of pSi by two orders of magnitude compared to p-doped bulk Silicon. Detailed analysis indicates that compound averaging may cause a further 10-50% reduction. The percolation threshold of 65% for thermal conductivity of pSi samples is subsequently determined by employing theoretical effective medium models. Temperature-dependent electrical conductivity measurements reveal a thermally activated transport process. A detailed analysis of the activation energy 𝐸𝐴𝜎 in the thermally activated transport exhibits a Meyer Neldel compensation rule between different samples that originates in multi-phonon absorption upon carrier transport. Activation energies 𝐸𝐴𝑆 obtained from temperature-dependent thermopower measurements provide further evidence for multi-phonon assisted hopping between localized states as a dominant charge transport mechanism in pSi, as they systematically differ from the determined 𝐸𝐴𝜎 values. N2 - Diese Dissertation befasst sich mit Wärme- und Ladungstransportphänomenen in mesoporösem Silizium (pSi) oder etwas genauer in einkristallinem Silizium, welches mit nanometergroßen Poren durchsetzt ist. Trotz der großen Aufmerksamkeit, die diesem thermoelektrischen Material zuteil wird, wird nur selten über Studien zum mikroskopischen thermischen und elektronischen Transport jenseits seiner makroskopischen Charakterisierung berichtet. Im Gegensatz dazu wird in dieser Studie das Zusammenspiel von beidem untersucht. PSi-Proben, die durch elektrochemische Anodisierung synthetisiert wurden, zeigen eine Temperaturabhängigkeit der spezifischen Wärme 𝐶𝑝, die vom charakteristischen 𝑇3 Verhalten (bei 𝑇<50𝐾) abweicht. Eine gründliche Analyse zeigt, dass sowohl 3D- als auch 2D-Einstein- und Debye-Moden zu dieser spezifischen Wärme beitragen. Zusätzliche 2D-Einstein-Moden (~3 𝑚𝑒𝑉) stimmen gut mit dem Bosonen-Peak von SiO2 in teilweise oxidierten pSi-Porenwänden überein. 2D-Debye-Moden werden vorgeschlagen, um akustische Oberflächenmoden zu erklären, die eine signifikante Abweichung von der bekannten 𝑇3Abhängigkeit von 𝐶𝑝 bei 𝑇<50𝐾 verursachen. Ein neuartiges theoretisches Modell gibt Einblicke in die Wärmeleitfähigkeit von pSi in Bezug auf Porosität und Phononenstreuung auf der Nanoskala. Die Analyse der Wärmeleitfähigkeit nutzt die Besonderheiten der pSi-Phononendispersion, die durch Experimente mit inelastischer Neutronenstreuung untersucht wurden. Ein mittlerer freier Weg der Phononen von etwa 10 𝑛𝑚, der aus dem vorgestellten Modell extrahiert wurde, wird als Ursache für die um zwei Größenordnungen geringere Wärmeleitfähigkeit von pSi im Vergleich zu p-dotiertem Silizium vorgeschlagen. Eine detaillierte Analyse zeigt, dass die Porosität selbst eine weitere Verringerung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit um 10-50% verursachen kann. Die Perkolationsschwelle von 65 % für die Wärmeleitfähigkeit von pSi-Proben wird anschließend mit Hilfe eines theoretischen Ansatzes für effektive Medien bestimmt. Temperaturabhängige Messungen der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit lassen einen thermisch aktivierten Transportprozess erkennen. Eine detaillierte Analyse der Aktivierungsenergie 𝐸𝐴𝜎 im thermisch aktivierten Transport zeigt eine Meyer-Neldel-Kompensationsregel zwischen verschiedenen Proben, die auf Multiphononenabsorption beim Ladungsträgertransport zurückzuführen ist. Aktivierungsenergien 𝐸𝐴𝑆, die aus temperaturabhängigen Seebeck-Messungen gewonnen wurden, liefern weitere Beweise für Multiphononen-unterstütztes Springen zwischen lokalisierten Zuständen als dominanten Ladungstransportmechanismus in pSi, da sie sich systematisch von den ermittelten 𝐸𝐴𝜎 Werten unterscheiden. KW - mesoporous KW - silicon KW - Meyer-Neldel-rule KW - nanomaterials KW - Meyer-Neldel-Regel KW - mesoporös KW - Nanomaterialien KW - Silizium Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-611224 ER - TY - THES A1 - Perscheid, Cindy T1 - Integrative biomarker detection using prior knowledge on gene expression data sets T1 - Integrative Biomarker-Erkennung auf Genexpressions-Daten mithilfe von biologischem Vorwissen N2 - Gene expression data is analyzed to identify biomarkers, e.g. relevant genes, which serve for diagnostic, predictive, or prognostic use. Traditional approaches for biomarker detection select distinctive features from the data based exclusively on the signals therein, facing multiple shortcomings in regards to overfitting, biomarker robustness, and actual biological relevance. Prior knowledge approaches are expected to address these issues by incorporating prior biological knowledge, e.g. on gene-disease associations, into the actual analysis. However, prior knowledge approaches are currently not widely applied in practice because they are often use-case specific and seldom applicable in a different scope. This leads to a lack of comparability of prior knowledge approaches, which in turn makes it currently impossible to assess their effectiveness in a broader context. Our work addresses the aforementioned issues with three contributions. Our first contribution provides formal definitions for both prior knowledge and the flexible integration thereof into the feature selection process. Central to these concepts is the automatic retrieval of prior knowledge from online knowledge bases, which allows for streamlining the retrieval process and agreeing on a uniform definition for prior knowledge. We subsequently describe novel and generalized prior knowledge approaches that are flexible regarding the used prior knowledge and applicable to varying use case domains. Our second contribution is the benchmarking platform Comprior. Comprior applies the aforementioned concepts in practice and allows for flexibly setting up comprehensive benchmarking studies for examining the performance of existing and novel prior knowledge approaches. It streamlines the retrieval of prior knowledge and allows for combining it with prior knowledge approaches. Comprior demonstrates the practical applicability of our concepts and further fosters the overall development and comparability of prior knowledge approaches. Our third contribution is a comprehensive case study on the effectiveness of prior knowledge approaches. For that, we used Comprior and tested a broad range of both traditional and prior knowledge approaches in combination with multiple knowledge bases on data sets from multiple disease domains. Ultimately, our case study constitutes a thorough assessment of a) the suitability of selected knowledge bases for integration, b) the impact of prior knowledge being applied at different integration levels, and c) the improvements in terms of classification performance, biological relevance, and overall robustness. In summary, our contributions demonstrate that generalized concepts for prior knowledge and a streamlined retrieval process improve the applicability of prior knowledge approaches. Results from our case study show that the integration of prior knowledge positively affects biomarker results, particularly regarding their robustness. Our findings provide the first in-depth insights on the effectiveness of prior knowledge approaches and build a valuable foundation for future research. N2 - Biomarker sind charakteristische biologische Merkmale mit diagnostischer oder prognostischer Aussagekraft. Auf der molekularen Ebene sind dies Gene mit einem krankheitsspezifischen Expressionsmuster, welche mittels der Analyse von Genexpressionsdaten identifiziert werden. Traditionelle Ansätze für diese Art von Biomarker Detection wählen Gene als Biomarker ausschließlich anhand der vorhandenen Signale im Datensatz aus. Diese Vorgehensweise zeigt jedoch Schwächen insbesondere in Bezug auf die Robustheit und tatsächliche biologische Relevanz der identifizierten Biomarker. Verschiedene Forschungsarbeiten legen nahe, dass die Berücksichtigung des biologischen Kontexts während des Selektionsprozesses diese Schwächen ausgleichen kann. Sogenannte wissensbasierte Ansätze für Biomarker Detection beziehen vorhandenes biologisches Wissen, beispielsweise über Zusammenhänge zwischen bestimmten Genen und Krankheiten, direkt in die Analyse mit ein. Die Anwendung solcher Verfahren ist in der Praxis jedoch derzeit nicht weit verbreitet, da existierende Methoden oft spezifisch für einen bestimmten Anwendungsfall entwickelt wurden und sich nur mit großem Aufwand auf andere Anwendungsgebiete übertragen lassen. Dadurch sind Vergleiche untereinander kaum möglich, was es wiederum nicht erlaubt die Effektivität von wissensbasierten Methoden in einem breiteren Kontext zu untersuchen. Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit den vorgenannten Herausforderungen für wissensbasierte Ansätze. In einem ersten Schritt legen wir formale und einheitliche Definitionen für vorhandenes biologisches Wissen sowie ihre flexible Integration in den Biomarker-Auswahlprozess fest. Der Kerngedanke unseres Ansatzes ist die automatisierte Beschaffung von biologischem Wissen aus im Internet frei verfügbaren Wissens-Datenbanken. Dies erlaubt eine Vereinfachung der Kuratierung sowie die Festlegung einer einheitlichen Definition für biologisches Wissen. Darauf aufbauend beschreiben wir generalisierte wissensbasierte Verfahren, welche flexibel auf verschiedene Anwendungsfalle anwendbar sind. In einem zweiten Schritt haben wir die Benchmarking-Plattform Comprior entwickelt, welche unsere theoretischen Konzepte in einer praktischen Anwendung realisiert. Comprior ermöglicht die schnelle Umsetzung von umfangreichen Experimenten für den Vergleich von wissensbasierten Ansätzen. Comprior übernimmt die Beschaffung von biologischem Wissen und ermöglicht dessen beliebige Kombination mit wissensbasierten Ansätzen. Comprior demonstriert damit die praktische Umsetzbarkeit unserer theoretischen Konzepte und unterstützt zudem die technische Realisierung und Vergleichbarkeit wissensbasierter Ansätze. In einem dritten Schritt untersuchen wir die Effektivität wissensbasierter Ansätze im Rahmen einer umfangreichen Fallstudie. Mithilfe von Comprior vergleichen wir die Ergebnisse traditioneller und wissensbasierter Ansätze im Kontext verschiedener Krankheiten, wobei wir für wissensbasierte Ansätze auch verschiedene Wissens-Datenbanken verwenden. Unsere Fallstudie untersucht damit a) die Eignung von ausgewählten Wissens-Datenbanken für deren Einsatz bei wissensbasierten Ansätzen, b) den Einfluss verschiedener Integrationskonzepte für biologisches Wissen auf den Biomarker-Auswahlprozess, und c) den Grad der Verbesserung in Bezug auf die Klassifikationsleistung, biologische Relevanz und allgemeine Robustheit der selektierten Biomarker. Zusammenfassend demonstriert unsere Arbeit, dass generalisierte Konzepte für biologisches Wissen und dessen vereinfachte Kuration die praktische Anwendbarkeit von wissensbasierten Ansätzen erleichtern. Die Ergebnisse unserer Fallstudie zeigen, dass die Integration von vorhandenem biologischen Wissen einen positiven Einfluss auf die selektierten Biomarker hat, insbesondere in Bezug auf ihre biologische Relevanz. Diese erstmals umfassenderen Erkenntnisse zur Effektivität von wissensbasierten Ansätzen bilden eine wertvolle Grundlage für zukünftige Forschungsarbeiten. KW - gene expression KW - biomarker detection KW - prior knowledge KW - feature selection KW - Biomarker-Erkennung KW - Merkmalsauswahl KW - Gen-Expression KW - biologisches Vorwissen Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-582418 ER - TY - THES A1 - Pankaj, Rishabh T1 - Epigenetic reprogramming of seed development BT - exploring the role of histone demethylases and DNA methylation in arabidopsis N2 - The development of seeds in angiosperms starts with a complex process of double fertilization, involving the fusion of the maternal egg cell and central cell with two paternal sperm cells. This gives rise to the embryo and the nourishing endosperm, which are then enclosed by the seed coat, derived from the maternal integuments. The growth of the seed coat in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) is actively inhibited before fertilization by epigenetic regulators known as Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins. These proteins deposit a repressive histone mark called H3K27me3, which must be removed to enable seed coat formation. In this thesis, I explored the mechanism of removal of H3K27me3 marks from the integument cells following fertilization, which allows for seed coat formation. We hypothesized that this removal should be primarily facilitated by histone demethylases from the JMJ family and potentially influenced by the plant hormones Brassinosteroids (BRs). This hypothesis was supported by the expression patterns of the JMJ protein REF6 and of BR related genes, which are specifically expressed in the integuments and in the seed coat. Moreover, mutations in both these pathways lead to developmental defects, such as reduced ovule viability and delayed seed coat growth. Our research provides evidence suggesting that BR signalling is likely involved in recruiting JMJ-type histone demethylases to target loci responsible for seed coat growth. Moreover, we have discovered an additional pathway through which BRs regulate seed coat development, independent of their influence on H3K27me3 marks. This finding emphasizes the diverse roles of BRs in coordinating seed development, extending beyond their well-known involvement in plant growth and development. Furthermore, I explored the role of another epigenetic mark, DNA methylation, in fertilization-independent (or autonomous) seed formation in Arabidopsis. For this, we utilized epigenetic Recombinant Inbred Lines (epiRILs) and thus identified an epigenetic Quantitative Trait Locus (epiQTL) on chromosome II, potentially responsible for the larger autonomous seed size observed in DNA methylation mutants. Overall, this thesis significantly enhances our comprehension of the intricate relationship between epigenetic modifications, hormonal signaling, and plant reproductive processes. It offers valuable insights into the genetic mechanisms governing both sexual and asexual seed formation, while also presenting potential avenues for the engineer of advantageous traits in agricultural crops. KW - Epigenetics KW - Seed development KW - Seed Coat Development KW - H3K27me3 Methylation KW - Auxin KW - Brassinosteriods KW - DNA Methylation KW - JUMONJI KW - Histone Modification Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - THES A1 - Jiang, Li T1 - Analysis of the role of Heat shock factors and Mediator subunits in heat stress memory in Arabidopsis thaliana N2 - In nature, plants often encounter biotic and abiotic stresses, which can cause reduced crop yield and quality, and threaten the nutrition of a growing human population. As heat stress (HS) is one of the main abiotic stresses, and is projected to increase due to global warming, it is necessary to better understand how plants respond and survive under HS. In Arabidopsis thaliana, plants can survive under severe HS if primed by a non-lethal HS, a process called acquisition of thermotolerance. This primed stated can be maintained for several days, and the ability of plants to maintain the primed state is called maintenance of acquired thermotolerance (mATT) or HS memory. According to current research, two Heat shock factors (HSFs) HSFA2 and HSFA3 are known to account for the majority of mATT capability, and there are other HSFs e.g. HSFA1b and HSFA6b in HSF complexes containing HSFA2 and/or HSFA3, however, the roles of these HSFs in HS memory is not clearly understood. Moreover, the mechanism of these HSFs in regulating HS memory is unclear, whether transcriptional machinery e.g. the Mediator complex contributes to transcriptional memory. This work investigates the role of HSFs and Mediator subunits in HS memory in A. thaliana. For the role of HSFs, the interaction between HSFA1b and HSFA2 during HS memory phase was confirmed by in vivo co- immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). HSFA1b, HSFA2, HSFA3 and HSFA6b targeted HS memory-related genes according to DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq) data, and targets of HSFA1b were confirmed in vivo by chromatin immunoprecipitation qPCR (ChIP-qPCR). The mutant of hsfa6b showed an HS memory deficiency phenotype in mATT survival assay. These data confirmed the role for HSFA2 and HSFA3 in HS memory, and suggest that HSFA1b and HSFA6b also function in HS memory. The Mediator complex functions as an RNA Polymerase II (RNA Pol II) co-regulator, and includes Head, Middle, Tail and Kinase modules. Both MED23 and MED32 belong to the Tail module, and they have a positive role in HS memory. MED23 interacted with HSFA3, as determined by yeast two hybrid (Y2H) and in vivo Co-IP assays. The med23 mutant showed a decreased HS memory phenotype, reduced expression of Type I (sustained expression) memory genes following HS, and reduced accumulation of the memory-associated Tri-methylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3)histone modification at HS memory-related gene loci after HS. MED23 was recruited to HS-inducible memory and non-memory genes after HS, as determined by ChIP-qPCR. The med32 mutant showed a reduced HS memory phenotype, decreased expression of Type I and Type II (hyper-induction) memory genes, and lower accumulation of H3K4me3 at memory gene lociafter HS. However, MED32 did not show interaction with any tested HSF in Y2H or in vivo Co-IP. MED32 regulated the recruitment of RNA Pol II at HS-inducible genes after HS, but was not itself recruited to HS memory genes after HS. These results provided more evidence that the Mediator subunits MED23 and MED32 regulate HS memory on transcriptional and epigenetic levels. In general, this work provides a better insight into the molecular mechanism of how HSFs and Mediator subunits regulate HS memory in plants and will provide new perspectives to breed crops with improved thermotolerance. N2 - In der Natur sind Pflanzen häufig mit biotischen und abiotischen Stressfaktoren konfrontiert, die zu Ertrags- und Qualitätsmängeln führen können und die Ernährung der wachsenden Weltbevölkerung gefährden. Da Hitzestress (HS) einer der wichtigsten abiotischen Stressfaktoren ist und aufgrund der globalen Erwärmung voraussichtlich noch zunehmen wird, steigt die Notwendigkeit zu verstehen wie Pflanzen auf HS reagieren und überleben. Arabidopsis thaliana können unter schwerem Hitzestress überleben, wenn sie durch einen nicht-tödlichen Hitzestress vorbereitet werden, diesen Prozess bezeichnet man als Erwerb von Thermotoleranz. Die Fähigkeit der Pflanzen, diesen Zustand aufrechtzuerhalten, wird als Aufrechterhaltung der erworbenen Thermotoleranz (mATT) oder HS-Gedächtnis bezeichnet. Nach dem derzeitigen Stand der Forschung sind zwei Hitzeschockfaktoren (HSFs), HSFA2 und HSFA3, für den Großteil der mATT-Fähigkeit verantwortlich. Außerdem gibt es weitere HSFs z.B. HSFA1b und HSFA6b, die ebenfalls im HSF-Komplex neben HSFA2 und/oder HSFA3 enthalten sind. Jedoch ist ihre Rolle im HS-Gedächtnis noch nicht eindeutig geklärt. Darüber hinaus ist der Mechanismus dieser HSFs bei der Regulierung des HS-Gedächtnisses unklar, ob z. B. die Transkriptionsmaschinerie, unter anderem der Mediator-Komplex, zum Transkriptionsgedächtnis beiträgt. In dieser Arbeit wird die Rolle der HSFs und der Mediator-Untereinheiten beim HS-Gedächtnis in A. thaliana untersucht. Bezüglich der Rolle der HSFs, wurde die Interaktion zwischen HSFA1b und HSFA2, während der HS-Gedächtnisphase, durch in vivo Co-Immunopräzipitation (Co-IP) bestätigt. HSFA1b, HSFA2, HSFA3 und HSFA6b binden, laut DNA-Affinitätsreinigungs-Sequenzierung (DAP-seq), zielgerichtet an HS-Gedächtnis-verwandte Gene. Die Ziele von HSFA1b wurden in vivo durch Chromatin-Immunpräzipitation qPCR (ChIP-qPCR) bestätigt. Die hsfa6b-Mutante zeigte im mATT-Überlebenstest einen Phänotypen für HS-Gedächtnisdefizit. Diese Daten bestätigten die Rolle von HSFA2 und HSFA3 im HS-Gedächtnis und legen nahe, dass HSFA1b und HSFA6b ebenfalls eine Funktion im HS-Gedächtnis haben. Der Mediator-Komplex fungiert als Co-Regulator der RNA-Polymerase II (RNA Pol II) und umfasst die Module Head, Middle, Tail und Kinase. Sowohl MED23 als auch MED32 gehören zum Tail-Modul und spielen eine positive Rolle im HS-Gedächtnis. MED23 interagiert mit HSFA3, wie durch Hefe-Zwei-Hybrid- (Y2H) und In-vivo-Co-IP-Assays festgestellt wurde. Die med23-Mutante zeigte einen verminderten HS-Gedächtnisphänotyp, eine verringerte Expression von Gedächtnisgenen des Typ I (anhaltende Expression) nach HS und eine verringerte Akkumulation der gedächtnisassoziierten Histonmodifikation Tri-Methylierung von Histon H3 Lysin 4 (H3K4me3) an HS-Gedächtnis-bezogenen Genorten nach HS. MED23 wurde nach HS an HS-induzierbaren Gedächtnis- und Nicht-Gedächtnis-Genen rekrutiert, wie durch ChIP-qPCR festgestellt wurde. Die med32-Mutante zeigte einen reduzierten HS-Gedächtnisphänotyp, eine verringerte Expression von Typ-I- und Typ-II-Gedächtnisgenen (Hyperinduktion) und eine geringere Anhäufung von H3K4me3 an Gedächtnisgenloci nach HS. MED32 zeigte jedoch keine Interaktion mit einem der getesteten HSFs in Y2H oder in vivo Co-IP. MED32 regulierte die Rekrutierung von RNA Pol II an HS-induzierbaren Genen nach HS, wurde aber selbst nicht an HS-Gedächtnisgenen nach HS rekrutiert. Diese Ergebnisse liefern weitere Beweise dafür, dass die Mediator-Untereinheiten MED23 und MED32 das HS-Gedächtnis auf transkriptioneller und epigenetischer Ebene regulieren. Im Allgemeinen bietet diese Arbeit einen besseren Einblick in den molekularen Mechanismus, wie HSFs und Mediator-Untereinheiten das HS-Gedächtnis in Pflanzen regulieren und wird neue Perspektiven für die Züchtung von Pflanzen mit verbesserter Thermotoleranz eröffnen. KW - Heat stress memory, Heat shock factors, Mediator subunits, MED23, MED32, Arabidopsis thaliana Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - BOOK ED - Hirsch, Jonathan ED - Attia, Yael ED - Samson, Kathleen T1 - Minor perspectives on modernity beyond Europe BT - an encounter between jewish studies and postcolonial thought T3 - Gesellschaften und Kulturen des sephardischen Judentums I Sephardic Societies and Cultures N2 - Jewish Studies and Postcolonial Studies are often thought to be at odds. Both disciplines intensively debate modernity, troubling its universalist claims and showing the contradictory nature of its promises. The call to provincialize Europe allows scholars from both disciplines to think, articulate and represent modern experiences beyond Europe and engage critically with traditions of modernity across disciplines, temporalities and geographies. Mapping Sephardi and other minor perspectives on modernity from across the globe in this volume, we are presenting fascinating cases and exploring new terrain where a fruitful encounter between Jewish and Postcolonial Studies can happen. N2 - Jüdische Studien und Postkoloniale Studien werden oft als gegensätzliche Ansätze verstanden. Dabei gibt es wesentliche Gemeinsamkeiten: Beide Disziplinen setzen sich intensiv mit der Moderne auseinander, hinterfragen ihren universalistischen Anspruch und zeigen die Widersprüchlichkeit ihres Versprechens auf. Die Forderung, Europa zu provinzialisieren, ermöglicht es Wissenschaftler:innen beider Disziplinen, Erfahrungen mit der Moderne, die sich auf Kontexte außerhalb Europas beziehen, zu denken, zu artikulieren und darzustellen sowie sich kritisch mit Traditionen der Moderne über Disziplinen, Zeitkonzepte und Geografien hinweg auseinanderzusetzen. Dieser Band stellt sephardische und andere marginalisierte Perspektiven aus der ganzen Welt auf die Moderne dar. Er präsentiert faszinierende Fallbeispiele und erkundet neues Terrain, auf dem eine fruchtbare Begegnung zwischen jüdischen und postkolonialen Studien stattfinden kann. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-95650-971-1 VL - 1 PB - Ergon Verlag CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Di Bello, Costantino A1 - Hartmann, Alexander K. A1 - Majumdar, Satya N. A1 - Mori, Francesco A1 - Rosso, Alberto A1 - Schehr, Gregory T1 - Current fluctuations in stochastically resetting particle systems JF - Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics N2 - We consider a system of noninteracting particles on a line with initial positions distributed uniformly with density ? on the negative half-line. We consider two different models: (i) Each particle performs independent Brownian motion with stochastic resetting to its initial position with rate r and (ii) each particle performs run -and-tumble motion, and with rate r its position gets reset to its initial value and simultaneously its velocity gets randomized. We study the effects of resetting on the distribution P(Q, t) of the integrated particle current Q up to time t through the origin (from left to right). We study both the annealed and the quenched current distributions and in both cases, we find that resetting induces a stationary limiting distribution of the current at long times. However, we show that the approach to the stationary state of the current distribution in the annealed and the quenched cases are drastically different for both models. In the annealed case, the whole distribution P-an(Q, t) approaches its stationary limit uniformly for all Q. In contrast, the quenched distribution P-qu(Q, t) attains its stationary form for Q < Q(crit)(t), while it remains time dependent for Q > Q(crit)(t). We show that Q(crit)(t) increases linearly with t for large t. On the scale where Q <; Q(crit)(t), we show that P-qu(Q, t) has an unusual large deviation form with a rate function that has a third-order phase transition at the critical point. We have computed the associated rate functions analytically for both models. Using an importance sampling method that allows to probe probabilities as tiny as 10-14000, we were able to compute numerically this nonanalytic rate function for the resetting Brownian dynamics and found excellent agreement with our analytical prediction. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.108.014112 SN - 2470-0045 SN - 2470-0053 VL - 108 IS - 1 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Klippert, Monika A1 - Stolpmann, Robert A1 - Grum, Marcus A1 - Thim, Christof A1 - Gronau, Norbert A1 - Albers, Albert T1 - Knowledge transfer quality improvement BT - the quality enhancement of knowledge transfers in product engineering T2 - Procedia CIRP N2 - Developing a new product generation requires the transfer of knowledge among various knowledge carriers. Several factors influence knowledge transfer, e.g., the complexity of engineering tasks or the competence of employees, which can decrease the efficiency and effectiveness of knowledge transfers in product engineering. Hence, improving those knowledge transfers obtains great potential, especially against the backdrop of experienced employees leaving the company due to retirement, so far, research results show, that the knowledge transfer velocity can be raised by following the Knowledge Transfer Velocity Model and implementing so-called interventions in a product engineering context. In most cases, the implemented interventions have a positive effect on knowledge transfer speed improvement. In addition to that, initial theoretical findings describe factors influencing the quality of knowledge transfers and outline a setting to empirically investigate how the quality can be improved by introducing a general description of knowledge transfer reference situations and principles to measure the quality of knowledge artifacts. To assess the quality of knowledge transfers in a product engineering context, the Knowledge Transfer Quality Model (KTQM) is created, which serves as a basis to develop and implement quality-dependent interventions for different knowledge transfer situations. As a result, this paper introduces the specifications of eight situation-adequate interventions to improve the quality of knowledge transfers in product engineering following an intervention template. Those interventions are intended to be implemented in an industrial setting to measure the quality of knowledge transfers and validate their effect. KW - knowledge transfer KW - product generation engineering KW - improvement KW - quality KW - intervention Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2023.02.171 SN - 2212-8271 VL - 119 SP - 919 EP - 925 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grdseloff, Nastasja A1 - Boulday, Gwenola A1 - Roedel, Claudia J. A1 - Otten, Cecile A1 - Vannier, Daphne Raphaelle A1 - Cardoso, Cecile A1 - Faurobert, Eva A1 - Dogra, Deepika A1 - Tournier-Lasserve, Elisabeth A1 - Abdelilah-Seyfried, Salim T1 - Impaired retinoic acid signaling in cerebral cavernous malformations JF - Scientific reports N2 - The capillary-venous pathology cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is caused by loss of CCM1/Krev interaction trapped protein 1 (KRIT1), CCM2/MGC4607, or CCM3/PDCD10 in some endothelial cells. Mutations of CCM genes within the brain vasculature can lead to recurrent cerebral hemorrhages. Pharmacological treatment options are urgently needed when lesions are located in deeply-seated and in-operable regions of the central nervous system. Previous pharmacological suppression screens in disease models of CCM led to the discovery that treatment with retinoic acid improved CCM phenotypes. This finding raised a need to investigate the involvement of retinoic acid in CCM and test whether it has a curative effect in preclinical mouse models. Here, we show that components of the retinoic acid synthesis and degradation pathway are transcriptionally misregulated across disease models of CCM. We complemented this analysis by pharmacologically modifying retinoic acid levels in zebrafish and human endothelial cell models of CCM, and in acute and chronic mouse models of CCM. Our pharmacological intervention studies in CCM2-depleted human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and krit1 mutant zebrafish showed positive effects when retinoic acid levels were increased. However, therapeutic approaches to prevent the development of vascular lesions in adult chronic murine models of CCM were drug regiment-sensitive, possibly due to adverse developmental effects of this hormone. A treatment with high doses of retinoic acid even worsened CCM lesions in an adult chronic murine model of CCM. This study provides evidence that retinoic acid signaling is impaired in the CCM pathophysiology and suggests that modification of retinoic acid levels can alleviate CCM phenotypes. KW - Developmental biology KW - Molecular medicine Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-31905-0 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 13 IS - 1 PB - Nature Portfolio CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Smith, Taylor A1 - Boers, Niklas T1 - Global vegetation resilience linked to water availability and variability JF - Nature Communications N2 - Quantifying the resilience of vegetated ecosystems is key to constraining both present-day and future global impacts of anthropogenic climate change. Here we apply both empirical and theoretical resilience metrics to remotely-sensed vegetation data in order to examine the role of water availability and variability in controlling vegetation resilience at the global scale. We find a concise global relationship where vegetation resilience is greater in regions with higher water availability. We also reveal that resilience is lower in regions with more pronounced inter-annual precipitation variability, but find less concise relationships between vegetation resilience and intra-annual precipitation variability. Our results thus imply that the resilience of vegetation responds differently to water deficits at varying time scales. In view of projected increases in precipitation variability, our findings highlight the risk of ecosystem degradation under ongoing climate change. Vegetation dynamics depend on both the amount of precipitation and its variability over time. Here, the authors show that vegetation resilience is greater where water availability is higher and where precipitation is more stable from year to year. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36207-7 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 14 IS - 1 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Falkenhagen, Undine A1 - Knöchel, Jane A1 - Kloft, Charlotte A1 - Huisinga, Wilhelm T1 - Deriving mechanism-based pharmacodynamic models by reducing quantitative systems pharmacology models BT - an application to warfarin JF - CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology N2 - Quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) models integrate comprehensive qualitative and quantitative knowledge about pharmacologically relevant processes. We previously proposed a first approach to leverage the knowledge in QSP models to derive simpler, mechanism-based pharmacodynamic (PD) models. Their complexity, however, is typically still too large to be used in the population analysis of clinical data. Here, we extend the approach beyond state reduction to also include the simplification of reaction rates, elimination of reactions, and analytic solutions. We additionally ensure that the reduced model maintains a prespecified approximation quality not only for a reference individual but also for a diverse virtual population. We illustrate the extended approach for the warfarin effect on blood coagulation. Using the model-reduction approach, we derive a novel small-scale warfarin/international normalized ratio model and demonstrate its suitability for biomarker identification. Due to the systematic nature of the approach in comparison with empirical model building, the proposed model-reduction algorithm provides an improved rationale to build PD models also from QSP models in other applications. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/psp4.12903 SN - 2163-8306 VL - 12 IS - 4 SP - 432 EP - 443 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - GEN A1 - Konigorski, Stefan A1 - Wernicke, Sarah A1 - Slosarek, Tamara A1 - Zenner, Alexander Maximilian A1 - Strelow, Nils A1 - Ruether, Darius Ferenc A1 - Henschel, Florian A1 - Manaswini, Manisha A1 - Pottbäcker, Fabian A1 - Edelman, Jonathan Antonio A1 - Owoyele, Babajide A1 - Danieletto, Matteo A1 - Golden, Eddye A1 - Zweig, Micol A1 - Nadkarni, Girish N. A1 - Böttinger, Erwin T1 - StudyU: A Platform for Designing and Conducting Innovative Digital N-of-1 Trials T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Reihe der Digital Engineering Fakultät N2 - N-of-1 trials are the gold standard study design to evaluate individual treatment effects and derive personalized treatment strategies. Digital tools have the potential to initiate a new era of N-of-1 trials in terms of scale and scope, but fully functional platforms are not yet available. Here, we present the open source StudyU platform, which includes the StudyU Designer and StudyU app. With the StudyU Designer, scientists are given a collaborative web application to digitally specify, publish, and conduct N-of-1 trials. The StudyU app is a smartphone app with innovative user-centric elements for participants to partake in trials published through the StudyU Designer to assess the effects of different interventions on their health. Thereby, the StudyU platform allows clinicians and researchers worldwide to easily design and conduct digital N-of-1 trials in a safe manner. We envision that StudyU can change the landscape of personalized treatments both for patients and healthy individuals, democratize and personalize evidence generation for self-optimization and medicine, and can be integrated in clinical practice. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Reihe der Digital Engineering Fakultät - 12 KW - digital interventions KW - N-of-1 trial KW - SCED KW - single-case experimental design KW - web application KW - mobile application KW - app KW - digital health Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-580370 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lewkowicz, Daniel A1 - Böttinger, Erwin A1 - Siegel, Martin T1 - Economic evaluation of digital therapeutic care apps for unsupervised treatment of low back pain BT - Monte Carlo Simulation JF - JMIR mhealth and uhealth N2 - Background: Digital therapeutic care (DTC) programs are unsupervised app-based treatments that provide video exercises and educational material to patients with nonspecific low back pain during episodes of pain and functional disability. German statutory health insurance can reimburse DTC programs since 2019, but evidence on efficacy and reasonable pricing remains scarce. This paper presents a probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) to evaluate the efficacy and cost-utility of a DTC app against treatment as usual (TAU) in Germany. Objective: The aim of this study was to perform a PSA in the form of a Monte Carlo simulation based on the deterministic base case analysis to account for model assumptions and parameter uncertainty. We also intend to explore to what extent the results in this probabilistic analysis differ from the results in the base case analysis and to what extent a shortage of outcome data concerning quality-of-life (QoL) metrics impacts the overall results. Methods: The PSA builds upon a state-transition Markov chain with a 4-week cycle length over a model time horizon of 3 years from a recently published deterministic cost-utility analysis. A Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 iterations and a cohort size of 10,000 was employed to evaluate the cost-utility from a societal perspective. Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were derived from Veterans RAND 6-Dimension (VR-6D) and Short-Form 6-Dimension (SF-6D) single utility scores. Finally, we also simulated reducing the price for a 3-month app prescription to analyze at which price threshold DTC would result in being the dominant strategy over TAU in Germany. Results: The Monte Carlo simulation yielded on average a euro135.97 (a currency exchange rate of EUR euro1=US $1.069 is applicable) incremental cost and 0.004 incremental QALYs per person and year for the unsupervised DTC app strategy compared to in-person physiotherapy in Germany. The corresponding incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) amounts to an additional euro34,315.19 per additional QALY. DTC yielded more QALYs in 54.96% of the iterations. DTC dominates TAU in 24.04% of the iterations for QALYs. Reducing the app price in the simulation from currently euro239.96 to euro164.61 for a 3-month prescription could yield a negative ICUR and thus make DTC the dominant strategy, even though the estimated probability of DTC being more effective than TAU is only 54.96%. Conclusions: Decision-makers should be cautious when considering the reimbursement of DTC apps since no significant treatment effect was found, and the probability of cost-effectiveness remains below 60% even for an infinite willingness-to-pay threshold. More app-based studies involving the utilization of QoL outcome parameters are urgently needed to account for the low and limited precision of the available QoL input parameters, which are crucial to making profound recommendations concerning the cost-utility of novel apps. KW - cost-utility analysis KW - cost KW - probabilistic sensitivity analysis KW - Monte Carlo simulation KW - low back pain KW - pain KW - economic KW - cost-effectiveness KW - Markov model KW - digital therapy KW - digital health app KW - mHealth KW - mobile health KW - health app KW - mobile app KW - orthopedic KW - QUALY KW - DALY KW - quality-adjusted life years KW - disability-adjusted life years KW - time horizon KW - veteran KW - statistics Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2196/44585 SN - 2291-5222 VL - 11 PB - JMIR Publications CY - Toronto ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Schulte, Christoph T1 - Zimzum BT - God and the origin of the world N2 - Zimzum is the kabbalistic idea that God created the world by limiting his omnipresence. Zimzum originated in the teachings of the sixteenth-century Jewish mystic Isaac Luria and here, Christoph Schulte follows its traces across the Jewish and Christian intellectual history of Europe and North America over four centuries. The Hebrew word zimzum originally means “contraction,” “withdrawal,” “retreat,” “limitation,” and “concentration.” In Kabbalah, zimzum is a term for God’s self-limitation, done before creating the world to create the world. Jewish mystic Isaac Luria coined this term in Galilee in the sixteenth century, positing that the God who was “Ein-Sof,” unlimited and omnipresent before creation, must concentrate himself in the zimzum and withdraw in order to make room for the creation of the world in God’s own center. At the same time, God also limits his infinite omnipotence to allow the finite world to arise. Without the zimzum there is no creation, making zimzum one of the basic concepts of Judaism. The Lurianic doctrine of the zimzum has been considered an intellectual showpiece of the Kabbalah and of Jewish philosophy. The teaching of the zimzum has appeared in the Kabbalistic literature across Central and Eastern Europe, perhaps most famously in Hasidic literature up to the present day and in philosopher and historian Gershom Scholem’s epoch-making research on Jewish mysticism. The Zimzum has fascinated Jewish and Christian theologians, philosophers, and writers like no other Kabbalistic teaching. This can be seen across the philosophy and cultural history of the twentieth century as it gained prominence among such diverse authors and artists as Franz Rosenzweig, Hans Jonas, Isaac Bashevis Singer, Harold Bloom, Barnett Newman, and Anselm Kiefer. This book follows the traces of the zimzum across the Jewish and Christian intellectual history of Europe and North America over more than four centuries, where Judaism and Christianity, theosophy and philosophy, divine and human, mysticism and literature, Kabbalah and the arts encounter, mix, and cross-fertilize the interpretations and appropriations of this doctrine of God’s self-entanglement and limitation. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-1-5128-2436-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.9783/9781512824360 PB - University of Pennsylvania Press CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Clausen, Sünje A1 - Brünker, Felix A1 - Stieglitz, Stefan T1 - Towards responsible augmentation BT - identifying characteristics of AI-based technology with ethical implications for knowledge workers T2 - ACIS 2023 proceedings N2 - Artificial intelligence (AI)-based technologies can increasingly perform knowledge work tasks, such as medical diagnosis. Thereby, it is expected that humans will not be replaced by AI but work closely with AI-based technology (“augmentation”). Augmentation has ethical implications for humans (e.g., impact on autonomy, opportunities to flourish through work), thus, developers and managers of AI-based technology have a responsibility to anticipate and mitigate risks to human workers. However, doing so can be difficult as AI encompasses a wide range of technologies, some of which enable fundamentally new forms of interaction. In this research-in-progress paper, we propose the development of a taxonomy to categorize unique characteristics of AI-based technology that influence the interaction and have ethical implications for human workers. The completed taxonomy will support researchers in forming cumulative knowledge on the ethical implications of augmentation and assist practitioners in the ethical design and management of AI-based technology in knowledge work. KW - artificial intelligence KW - augmentation KW - taxonomy KW - human-AI interaction KW - ethics Y1 - 2023 UR - https://aisel.aisnet.org/acis2023/123/ PB - Australasian Association for Information Systems CY - Wellington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Agthe, Maria A1 - Kayser, Daniela Niesta A1 - Schwarz, Sascha A1 - Maner, Jon K. T1 - Antecedents of the red-romance effect BT - men's attractiveness and women's fertility JF - PLOS ONE / Public Library of Science N2 - The color red has been implicated in a variety of social processes, including those involving mating. While previous research suggests that women sometimes wear red strategically to increase their attractiveness, the replicability of this literature has been questioned. The current research is a reasonably powered conceptual replication designed to strengthen this literature by testing whether women are more inclined to display the color red 1) during fertile (as compared with less fertile) days of the menstrual cycle, and 2) when expecting to interact with an attractive man (as compared with a less attractive man and with a control condition). Analyses controlled for a number of theoretically relevant covariates (relationship status, age, the current weather). Only the latter hypothesis received mixed support (mainly among women on hormonal birth control), whereas results concerning the former hypothesis did not reach significance. Women (N = 281) displayed more red when expecting to interact with an attractive man; findings did not support the prediction that women would increase their display of red on fertile days of the cycle. Findings thus suggested only mixed replicability for the link between the color red and psychological processes involving romantic attraction. They also illustrate the importance of further investigating the boundary conditions of color effects on everyday social processes. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284035 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 18 IS - 4 PB - PLOS CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmicker, Marlen A1 - Frühling, Insa A1 - Menze, Inga A1 - Glanz, Wenzel A1 - Müller, Patrick A1 - Noesselt, Toemme A1 - Müller, Notger Germar T1 - The potential role of gustatory function as an early diagnostic marker for the risk of alzheimer's disease in subjective cognitive decline JF - Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports : JADR N2 - Background: Patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) report memory deterioration and are at an increased risk of converting to Alzheimer's disease (AD) although psychophysical testing does not reveal any cognitive deficit. Objective: Here, gustatory function is investigated as a potential predictor for an increased risk of progressive cognitive decline indicating higher AD risk in SCD. Methods: Measures of smell and taste perception as well as neuropsychological data were assessed in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD): Subgroups with an increased likelihood of the progression to preclinical AD (SCD+) and those with a lower likelihood (SCD-) were compared to healthy controls (HC), patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD patients. The Sniffin' Sticks test contained 12 items with different qualities and taste was measured with 32 taste stripes (sweet, salty, bitter, sour) of different concentration. Results: Only taste was able to distinguish between HC/SCD- and SCD+ patients. Conclusion: This study provides a first hint of taste as a more sensitive marker than smell for detecting preclinical AD in SCD. Longitudinal observation of cognition and pathology are necessary to further evaluate taste perception as a predictor of pathological objective decline in cognition. KW - Alzheimer's disease KW - dementia KW - diagnostic marker KW - early diagnosis KW - subjective cognitive decline KW - taste Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/ADR220092 SN - 2542-4823 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 249 EP - 262 PB - IOS Press CY - Clifton, VA ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Carvalho Souza, Alyson Matheus A1 - Barrocas, Roberta A1 - Fischer, Martin H. A1 - Arnaud, Emanuel A1 - Moeller, Korbinian A1 - Rennó-Costa, César T1 - Combining virtual reality and tactile stimulation to investigate embodied finger-based numerical representations JF - Frontiers in psychology / Frontiers Research Foundation N2 - Finger-based representation of numbers is a high-level cognitive strategy to assist numerical and arithmetic processing in children and adults. It is unclear whether this paradigm builds on simple perceptual features or comprises several attributes through embodiment. Here we describe the development and initial testing of an experimental setup to study embodiment during a finger-based numerical task using Virtual Reality (VR) and a low-cost tactile stimulator that is easy to build. Using VR allows us to create new ways to study finger-based numerical representation using a virtual hand that can be manipulated in ways our hand cannot, such as decoupling tactile and visual stimuli. The goal is to present a new methodology that can allow researchers to study embodiment through this new approach, maybe shedding new light on the cognitive strategy behind the finger-based representation of numbers. In this case, a critical methodological requirement is delivering precisely targeted sensory stimuli to specific effectors while simultaneously recording their behavior and engaging the participant in a simulated experience. We tested the device's capability by stimulating users in different experimental configurations. Results indicate that our device delivers reliable tactile stimulation to all fingers of a participant's hand without losing motion tracking quality during an ongoing task. This is reflected by an accuracy of over 95% in participants detecting stimulation of a single finger or multiple fingers in sequential stimulation as indicated by experiments with sixteen participants. We discuss possible application scenarios, explain how to apply our methodology to study the embodiment of finger-based numerical representations and other high-level cognitive functions, and discuss potential further developments of the device based on the data obtained in our testing. KW - virtual reality KW - numerical cognition KW - finger counting KW - embodied cognition KW - cognitive science KW - virtual environment Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1119561 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 14 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stübler, Sabine A1 - Kloft, Charlotte A1 - Huisinga, Wilhelm T1 - Cell-level systems biology model to study inflammatory bowel diseases and their treatment options JF - CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology N2 - To help understand the complex and therapeutically challenging inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), we developed a systems biology model of the intestinal immune system that is able to describe main aspects of IBD and different treatment modalities thereof. The model, including key cell types and processes of the mucosal immune response, compiles a large amount of isolated experimental findings from literature into a larger context and allows for simulations of different inflammation scenarios based on the underlying data and assumptions. In the context of a large and diverse virtual IBD population, we characterized the patients based on their phenotype (in contrast to healthy individuals, they developed persistent inflammation after a trigger event) rather than on a priori assumptions on parameter differences to a healthy individual. This allowed to reproduce the enormous diversity of predispositions known to lead to IBD. Analyzing different treatment effects, the model provides insight into characteristics of individual drug therapy. We illustrate for anti-TNF-alpha therapy, how the model can be used (i) to decide for alternative treatments with best prospects in the case of nonresponse, and (ii) to identify promising combination therapies with other available treatment options. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/psp4.12932 SN - 2163-8306 VL - 12 IS - 5 SP - 690 EP - 705 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kohler, Ulrich A1 - Brady, David A1 - Guerra, Christian A1 - Link, Bruce T1 - The long term relationship between Medicaid expansion and adult life-threatening chronic conditions JF - Social policy and administration N2 - We test whether the expansions of children's Medicaid eligibility in the 1980s–1990s resulted in long-term health benefits in terms of severe chronic conditions. Still relatively rare in the field, we use prospective individual-level panel data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) along with the higher quality income measures from the Cross-National Equivalent File (adjusting for taxes, transfers and household size). We observe severe chronic conditions (high blood pressure/heart disease, cancer, diabetes, or lung disease) at ages 30–56 (average age 43.1) for 4670 respondents who were also prospectively observed during childhood (i.e., at ages 0–17). Our analysis exploits within-region temporal variation in childhood Medicaid eligibility and adjusts for state- and individual-level controls. We uniquely concentrate attention on adjusting for childhood income. A standard deviation greater childhood Medicaid eligibility significantly reduces the probability of severe chronic conditions in adulthood by 0.05 to 0.12 (16%–37.5% reduction from mean 0.32). Across the range of observed childhood Medicaid eligibility, the probability is approximately cut in half. Greater childhood Medicaid eligibility also substantially reduces childhood income disparities in severe chronic conditions. At higher levels of childhood Medicaid eligibility, we find no significant childhood income disparities in adult severe chronic conditions. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.12942 SN - 0144-5596 SN - 1467-9515 VL - 58 IS - 1 SP - 39 EP - 60 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ehrig, Lukas A1 - Wagner, Ann-Christin A1 - Wolter, Heike A1 - Correll, Christoph U. A1 - Geisel, Olga A1 - Konigorski, Stefan T1 - FASDetect as a machine learning-based screening app for FASD in youth with ADHD JF - npj Digital Medicine N2 - Fetal alcohol-spectrum disorder (FASD) is underdiagnosed and often misdiagnosed as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here, we develop a screening tool for FASD in youth with ADHD symptoms. To develop the prediction model, medical record data from a German University outpatient unit are assessed including 275 patients aged 0-19 years old with FASD with or without ADHD and 170 patients with ADHD without FASD aged 0-19 years old. We train 6 machine learning models based on 13 selected variables and evaluate their performance. Random forest models yield the best prediction models with a cross-validated AUC of 0.92 (95% confidence interval [0.84, 0.99]). Follow-up analyses indicate that a random forest model with 6 variables - body length and head circumference at birth, IQ, socially intrusive behaviour, poor memory and sleep disturbance - yields equivalent predictive accuracy. We implement the prediction model in a web-based app called FASDetect - a user-friendly, clinically scalable FASD risk calculator that is freely available at https://fasdetect.dhc-lab.hpi.de. KW - Medical research KW - Psychiatric disorders Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-023-00864-1 SN - 2398-6352 VL - 6 IS - 1 PB - Macmillan Publishers Limited CY - Basingstoke ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Slosarek, Tamara A1 - Ibing, Susanne A1 - Schormair, Barbara A1 - Heyne, Henrike A1 - Böttinger, Erwin A1 - Andlauer, Till A1 - Schurmann, Claudia T1 - Implementation and evaluation of personal genetic testing as part of genomics analysis courses in German universities JF - BMC Medical Genomics N2 - Purpose Due to the increasing application of genome analysis and interpretation in medical disciplines, professionals require adequate education. Here, we present the implementation of personal genotyping as an educational tool in two genomics courses targeting Digital Health students at the Hasso Plattner Institute (HPI) and medical students at the Technical University of Munich (TUM). Methods We compared and evaluated the courses and the students ' perceptions on the course setup using questionnaires. Results During the course, students changed their attitudes towards genotyping (HPI: 79% [15 of 19], TUM: 47% [25 of 53]). Predominantly, students became more critical of personal genotyping (HPI: 73% [11 of 15], TUM: 72% [18 of 25]) and most students stated that genetic analyses should not be allowed without genetic counseling (HPI: 79% [15 of 19], TUM: 70% [37 of 53]). Students found the personal genotyping component useful (HPI: 89% [17 of 19], TUM: 92% [49 of 53]) and recommended its inclusion in future courses (HPI: 95% [18 of 19], TUM: 98% [52 of 53]). Conclusion Students perceived the personal genotyping component as valuable in the described genomics courses. The implementation described here can serve as an example for future courses in Europe. KW - Genomics education KW - Personal genotyping KW - Personalized medicine Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12920-023-01503-0 SN - 1755-8794 VL - 16 IS - 1 PB - BMC CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwetlick, Lisa A1 - Backhaus, Daniel A1 - Engbert, Ralf T1 - A dynamical scan-path model for task-dependence during scene viewing JF - Psychological review N2 - In real-world scene perception, human observers generate sequences of fixations to move image patches into the high-acuity center of the visual field. Models of visual attention developed over the last 25 years aim to predict two-dimensional probabilities of gaze positions for a given image via saliency maps. Recently, progress has been made on models for the generation of scan paths under the constraints of saliency as well as attentional and oculomotor restrictions. Experimental research demonstrated that task constraints can have a strong impact on viewing behavior. Here, we propose a scan-path model for both fixation positions and fixation durations, which include influences of task instructions and interindividual differences. Based on an eye-movement experiment with four different task conditions, we estimated model parameters for each individual observer and task condition using a fully Bayesian dynamical modeling framework using a joint spatial-temporal likelihood approach with sequential estimation. Resulting parameter values demonstrate that model properties such as the attentional span are adjusted to task requirements. Posterior predictive checks indicate that our dynamical model can reproduce task differences in scan-path statistics across individual observers. KW - scene viewing KW - eye movements KW - task dependence KW - individual differences; KW - Bayesian inference Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000379 SN - 0033-295X SN - 1939-1471 VL - 130 IS - 3 SP - 807 EP - 840 PB - American Psychological Association CY - Washington ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rieskamp, Jonas A1 - Mirbabaie, Milad A1 - Hofeditz, Lennart A1 - Vischedyk, Justin T1 - Conversational agents and their influence on the well-being of cliniciansclinicians T2 - ACIS 2023 proceedings N2 - An increasing number of clinicians (i.e., nurses and physicians) suffer from mental health-related issues like depression and burnout. These, in turn, stress communication, collaboration, and decision- making—areas in which Conversational Agents (CAs) have shown to be useful. Thus, in this work, we followed a mixed-method approach and systematically analysed the literature on factors affecting the well-being of clinicians and CAs’ potential to improve said well-being by relieving support in communication, collaboration, and decision-making in hospitals. In this respect, we are guided by Brigham et al. (2018)’s model of factors influencing well-being. Based on an initial number of 840 articles, we further analysed 52 papers in more detail and identified the influences of CAs’ fields of application on external and individual factors affecting clinicians’ well-being. As our second method, we will conduct interviews with clinicians and experts on CAs to verify and extend these influencing factors. KW - conversational agents KW - well-being KW - mental health KW - hospitals KW - clinicians Y1 - 2023 UR - https://aisel.aisnet.org/acis2023/66 PB - Australasian Association for Information Systems CY - Wellington ER - TY - THES A1 - Bastian, Martin T1 - An emergent machine learning approach for seasonal cyclone activity forecasts N2 - Seasonal forecasts are of great interest in many areas. Knowing the amount of precipitation for the upcoming season in regions of water scarcity would facilitate a better water management. If farmers knew the weather conditions of the upcoming summer at sowing time, they could select those cereal species that are best adapted to these conditions. This would allow farmers to improve the harvest and potentially even reduce the amount of pesticides used. However, the undoubted advantages of seasonal forecasts are often opposed by their high degree of uncertainty. The great challenge of generating seasonal forecasts with lead times of several months mainly originates from the chaotic nature of the earth system. In a chaotic system, even tiny differences in the initial conditions can lead to strong deviations in the system’s state in the long run. In this dissertation we propose an emergent machine learning approach for seasonal forecasting, called the AnlgModel. The AnlgModel combines the analogue method with myopic feature selection and bootstrapping. To benchmark the abilities of the AnlgModel we apply it to seasonal cyclone activity forecasts in the North Atlantic and Northwest Pacific. The AnlgModel demonstrates competitive hindcast skills with two operational forecasts and even outperforms these for long lead times. In the second chapter we comprehend the forecasting strategy of the Anlg-Model. We thereby analyse the analogue selection process for the 2017 North Atlantic and the 2018 Northwest Pacific seasonal cyclone activity. The analysis shows that those climate indices which are known to influence the seasonal cyclone activity, such as the Niño 3.4 SST, are correctly represented among the selected analogues. Furthermore the selected analogues reflect large-scale climate patterns that were identified by expert reports as being determinative for these particular seasons. In the third chapter we analyse the features that are used by the AnlgModel for its predictions. We therefore inspect the feature relevance (FR). The FR patterns learned by the AnlgModel show a high congruence with the predictor regions used by the operational forecasts. However, the AnlgModel also discovered new features, such as the SST anomaly in the Gulf of Guinea during November. This SST pattern exhibits a remarkably high predictive potential for the upcoming Atlantic hurricane activity. In the final chapter we investigate potential mechanisms, that link two of these regions with high feature relevance to the Atlantic hurricane activity. We mainly focus on ocean surface transport. The ocean surface flow paths are calculated using Lagrangian particle analysis. We demonstrate that the FR patterns in the region of the Canary islands do not correspond with ocean surface transport. It is instead likely that these FR patterns fingerprint a wind transport of latent heat. The second region to be studied is situated in the Gulf of Guinea. Our analysis shows that the FR patterns seen there do fingerprint ocean surface transport. However, our simulations also show that at least one other mechanism is involved in linking the Gulf of Guinea SST anomaly in November to the hurricane activity of the upcoming season. In this work the AnlgModel does not only demonstrate its outstanding forecast skills but also shows its capabilities as research tool for detecting oceanic and atmospheric mechanisms. KW - seasonal cyclone activity forecasts Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tiberius, Victor A1 - Weyland, Michael T1 - Identifying constituent elements of entrepreneurship curricula BT - a systematic literature review JF - Administrative sciences N2 - Entrepreneurship education research has a strong “output” focus on impact studies but pays much less attention to the “inside” or process perspective of the way entrepreneurship education occurs. In particular, the scattered previous entrepreneurship curriculum research has not managed to provide a current and comprehensive overview of the curricular elements that constitute entrepreneurship education. To overcome this shortcoming, we aim to identify the teaching objectives, teaching contents, teaching methods, and assessment methods discussed in entrepreneurship curriculum research. To this end, we conducted a systematic literature review on the four entrepreneurship curriculum dimensions and collected all mentioned curriculum items. We used a two-stage coding procedure to find the genuinely entrepreneurship-specific items. Among numerous items (also from business management and other subjects), we found 26 objectives, 34 contents, 11 teaching methods, and 7 assessment methods that were entrepreneurship-specific. Most of these items were addressed by only a few scholarly papers. KW - assessment methods KW - curriculum KW - entrepreneurship education KW - teaching contents KW - teaching methods KW - teaching objectives Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14010001 SN - 2076-3387 VL - 14 IS - 1 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stieglitz, Stefan A1 - Mirbabaie, Milad A1 - Deubel, Annika A1 - Braun, Lea-Marie A1 - Kissmer, Tobias T1 - The potential of digital nudging to bridge the gap between environmental attitude and behavior in the usage of smart home applications JF - International Journal of Information Management N2 - Despite energy efficiency measures, global energy demand has gradually increased due to global economic growth and changes in consumer behavior. Even if people are aware of the problem and want to change their energy consumption, they have difficulty acting on their attitudes. This is called the attitude-behavior gap. To narrow this gap and reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions, behavioral interventions beyond technological advances must be considered. A promising intervention is nudging, which uses insights from behavioral economics to gently nudge individuals toward more sustainable choices. In this study, we investigate how modifying digital choice architectures with nudges can be used to influence consumer energy conservation behavior in smart home applications (SHAs). We conducted an online experiment with 391 participants to test the effectiveness of the following three digital nudges in an SHA: self-commitment, reminder, and social norm nudge. While the results of a structural equation model indicated no effect on bridging the gap between attitude and behavior, we found the potential to promote energy conservation with two nudge types. Thus, this paper makes substantial contribution to persuasive and information systems-enabled sustainability for a better world in the form of digital nudges for emerging technologies. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102665 SN - 0268-4012 SN - 1873-4707 VL - 72 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmermann, Matthias A1 - Scholz, Jana A1 - Agrofylax, Luisa A1 - Engel, Silke A1 - Kampe, Heike A1 - Mikulla, Stefanie T1 - Portal Wissen = Learning JF - Portal Wissen: The research magazine of the University of Potsdam N2 - Changing through learning is one of the most important characteristics we humans have. We are born and can – it seems – do nothing. We have to comprehend, copy, and acquire everything: grasping and walking, eating and speaking. Of course, we also have to read and do number work. In the meantime, we know: We will never be able to finish this. At best, we learn for a lifetime. If we stop, it harms us. The Greek philosopher Plato said more than 2,400 years ago, “There is no shame in not knowing something. The shame is in not being willing to learn.” As humans we are also capable of learning; thanks to more and more knowledge about the world around us, we have moved from the Stone Age into the digital age. That this development is not a finish line either, but that we still have a long way to go, is shown by man-made climate change – and above all by our inability as a global community to translate what research teaches us into appropriate actions. Let us dare to hope that we also comprehend this. What we tend to ignore in the intensive discussion about the multi-layered levels of learning: We are by no means the only learners. Many, if not all, living beings on our planet learn, some more in a more purposeful and complex and more cognitive way than others. And for some time now, machines have also been able to learn more or less independently. Artificial intelligence sends its regards. The significance of learning for human beings can hardly be overestimated. Science has also understood this and has discovered the learning processes and conditions in almost all contexts for itself, no matter whether it is about our own learning processes and conditions or those around us. We have investigated some of these for the current issue of “Portal Wissen”. Psycholinguist Natalie Boll-Avetisyan has developed a box that can be used to detect language learning disorders already in young children. The behavioral biologists Jana Eccard and Valeria Mazza investigated the behavior of small rodents and found out that they do not only develop different personality traits but they also described how they learn to adapt them different environmental conditions. Computer linguist David Schlangen examines the question what machines have to learn so that our communication with them works even better. Since research is ultimately always a learning process that strives to understand something yet unknown, this time all texts are somehow along the motto of the title theme: It is about what the history of past centuries reveals about “military cultures of violence” and the question of what lessons we should learn from natural hazards for the future. We talked with a legal scholar who looks beyond the university’s backyard and wants to make law comprehensible to everyone. We also talked with a philosopher who analyzes why “having an opinion” means something different today than 100 years ago. We report about an AI-based genome analysis that can change healthcare sustainably. Furthermore, it is about the job profile “YouTuber”, minor cosmopolitanisms, and wildlife management in Africa. When you have finished reading, you will have learnt something. Promised! Enjoy your read! T3 - Portal Wissen: The research magazine of the University of Potsdam [Englische Ausgabe] - 01/2023 Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-611464 SN - 2198-9974 IS - 01/2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Günther, Oliver A1 - Schüle, Manja A1 - Zurell, Damaris A1 - Jeltsch, Florian A1 - Roeleke, Manuel A1 - Kampe, Heike A1 - Zimmermann, Matthias A1 - Scholz, Jana A1 - Mikulla, Stefanie A1 - Engbert, Ralf A1 - Elsner, Birgit A1 - Schlangen, David A1 - Agrofylax, Luisa A1 - Georgi, Doreen A1 - Weymar, Mathias A1 - Wagener, Thorsten A1 - Bookhagen, Bodo A1 - Eibl, Eva P. S. A1 - Korup, Oliver A1 - Oswald, Sascha A1 - Thieken, Annegret A1 - van der Beek, Pieter A. T1 - Portal Wissen = Excellence JF - Portal Wissen: The research magazine of the University of Potsdam N2 - When something is not just good or very good, we often call it excellent. But what does that really mean? Coming from the Latin word “excellere,” it describes things, persons, or actions that are outstanding or superior and distinguish themselves from others. It cannot get any better. Excellence is the top choice for being the first or the best. Research is no exception. At the university, you will find numerous exceptional researchers, outstanding projects, and, time and again, sensational findings, publications, and results. But is the University of Potsdam also excellent? A question that will certainly create a different stir in 2023 than it did perhaps 20 years ago. Since the launch of the Excellence Initiative in 2005, universities that succeed in winning the most comprehensive funding program for research in Germany have been considered – literally – excellent. Whether in the form of graduate schools, research clusters, or – since the program was continued in 2019 under the title “Excellence Strategy” – entire universities of excellence: Anyone who wants to be among the best research universities needs the seal of excellence. The University of Potsdam is applying for funding with three cluster proposals in the recently launched new round of the “Excellence Strategy of the German Federal and State Governments.” One proposal comes from ecology and biodiversity research. The aim is to paint a comprehensive picture of ecological processes by examining the role of single individuals as well as the interactions among many species in an ecosystem to precisely determine the function of biodiversity. A second proposal has been submitted by the cognitive sciences. Here, the complex coexistence of language and cognition, development and learning, as well as motivation and behavior will be researched as a dynamic interrelation. The projects will include cooperation with the educational sciences to constantly consider linked learning and educational processes. The third proposal from the geo and environmental sciences concentrates on extreme and particularly devastating natural hazards and processes such as floods and droughts. The researchers examine these extreme events, focusing on their interaction with society, to be able to better assess the risks and damages they might involve and to initiate timely measures in the future. “All three proposals highlight the excellence of our performance,” emphasizes University President Prof. Oliver Günther, Ph.D. “The outlines impressively document our commitment, existing research excellence, and the potential of the University of Potsdam as a whole. The fact that three powerful consortia have come together in different subject areas shows that we have taken a good step forward on our way to becoming one of the top German universities.” In this issue, we are looking at what is in and behind these proposals: We talked to the researchers who wrote them. We asked them about their plans in case their proposals are successful and they bring a cluster of excellence to the university. But we also looked at the research that has led to the proposals, has long shaped the university’s profile, and earned it national and international recognition. We present a small selection of projects, methods, and researchers to illustrate why there really is excellent research in these proposals! By the way, “excellence” is also not the end of the flagpole. After all, the adjective “excellent” even has a comparative and a superlative. With this in mind, I wish you the most excellent pleasure reading this issue! T3 - Portal Wissen: The research magazine of the University of Potsdam [Englische Ausgabe] - 02/2023 Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-611456 SN - 2198-9974 IS - 02/2023 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Höchenberger, Ralf A1 - Hummel, Detlev A1 - Seitz, Jürgen ED - Sharma, Neha ED - Goje, Amol ED - Chakrabarti, Amlan ED - Bruckstein, Alfred M. T1 - Do women shy away from cryptocurrency investment? BT - cross-country evidence from survey data T2 - Data management, analytics and innovation N2 - This study utilizes cross-country survey data to analyze differences in attitudes toward cryptocurrency as an alternative to traditional money issued by a central bank. Particularly, we investigate women’s general attitude toward cryptocurrency systems. Results suggest that women invest less into cryptocurrency, show less interest in the future cryptocurrency investment, and see less economic potential in these systems than men do. Further evidence shows that these attitudes are directly connected with lower literacy in cryptocurrency systems. These findings support theory on gender differences in investment behavior. We contribute to the existing literature by conducting a cross-country survey on cryptocurrency attitudes in Europe and Asia, and hence show that this gender effect is robust across these cultures. KW - cryptocurrencies KW - bitcoin KW - financial literacy KW - gender gap KW - risk tolerance Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-981-99-1413-5 SN - 978-981-99-1414-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1414-2_6 SP - 69 EP - 76 PB - Springer Nature CY - Singapore ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kosman, Admiʾel A1 - Lang, David A1 - Finkelman, Yoel T1 - The will is man’s only property BT - A reading of a short passage from Mr. Shoshani JF - The Lehrhaus Y1 - 2023 UR - https://thelehrhaus.com/scholarship/the-will-is-mans-only-property-a-reading-of-a-short-passage-from-mr-shoshani/# ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bosch, Sina A1 - De Cesare, Ilaria A1 - Demske, Ulrike A1 - Felser, Claudia T1 - Word-order variation and coherence in German infinitival complementation JF - The journal of comparative Germanic linguistics N2 - This study provides a synthesis of corpus-based and experimental investigations of word-order preferences in German infinitival complementation. We carried out a systematic analysis of present-day German corpora to establish frequency distributions of different word-order options: extraposition, intraposition, and 'third construction'. We then examined, firstly, whether and to what extent corpus frequencies and processing economy constraints can predict the acceptability of these three word-order variants, and whether subject raising and subject control verbs form clearly distinguishable subclasses of infinitive-embedding verbs in terms of their word-order behaviour. Secondly, our study looks into the issue of coherence by comparing acceptability ratings for monoclausal coherent and biclausal incoherent construals of intraposed infinitives, and by examining whether a biclausal incoherent analysis gives rise to local and/or global processing difficulty. Taken together, our results revealed that (i) whilst the extraposition pattern consistently wins out over all other word-order variants for control verbs, neither frequency nor processing-based approaches to word-order variation can account for the acceptability of low-frequency variants, (ii) there is considerable verb-specific variation regarding word-order preferences both between and within the two sets of raising and control verbs under investigation, and (iii) although monoclausal coherent intraposition is rated above biclausal incoherent intraposition, the latter is not any more difficult to process than the former. Our findings indicate that frequency of occurrence and processing-related constraints interact with idiosyncratic lexical properties of individual verbs in determining German speakers' structural preferences. KW - Syntactic variation KW - German KW - Infinitives KW - Corpus linguistics KW - Acceptability judgements KW - Self-paced reading Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10828-023-09140-8 SN - 1572-8552 VL - 26 IS - 1 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Blanz, Alkis A1 - Eydam, Ulrich A1 - Heinemann, Maik A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias A1 - Moretti, Nikolaj T1 - Fiscal Policy and Energy Price Shocks T2 - CEPA Discussion Papers N2 - The effects of energy price increases are heterogeneous between households and firms. Financially constrained poorer households, who spend a larger relative share of their income on energy, are particularly affected. In this analysis, we examine the macroeconomic and welfare effects of energy price shocks in the presence of credit-constrained households that have subsistence-level energy demand. Within a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model calibrated for the German economy, we compare the performance of different policy measures (transfers and energy subsidies) and different financing schemes (income tax vs. debt). Our results show that credit-constrained households prefer debt over tax financing regardless of the compensation measure due to their difficulty to smooth consumption. On the contrary, rich households tend to prefer tax-financed measures as they increase the labor supply of poor households. From an aggregate perspective, tax-financed measures targeting firms effectively cushion aggregate output losses. T3 - CEPA Discussion Papers - 70 KW - energy prices KW - E-DSGE KW - fiscal policy KW - welfare Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-612763 SN - 2628-653X IS - 70 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Metzger, Jan T1 - Refined position estimates for surfaces of Willmore type in Riemannian manifolds JF - Communications in analysis and geometry N2 - In this paper we consider surfaces which are critical points of the Willmore functional subject to constrained area. In the case of small area we calculate the corrections to the intrinsic geometry induced by the ambient curvature. These estimates together with the choice of an adapted geometric center of mass lead to refined position estimates in relation to the scalar curvature of the ambient manifold. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4310/CAG.2022.v30.n10.a5 SN - 1019-8385 SN - 1944-9992 VL - 30 IS - 10 SP - 2315 EP - 2346 PB - International Press of Boston CY - Somerville, Mass. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schell, Mareike A1 - Wardelmann, Kristina A1 - Hauffe, Robert A1 - Rath, Michaela A1 - Chopra, Simran A1 - Kleinridders, André T1 - Lactobacillus rhamnosus sex-specifically attenuates depressive-like behavior and mitigates metabolic consequences in obesity JF - Biological psychiatry: global open science N2 - BACKGROUND: Patients with diabetes exhibit an increased prevalence for emotional disorders compared with healthy humans, partially due to a shared pathogenesis including hormone resistance and inflammation, which is also linked to intestinal dysbiosis. The preventive intake of probiotic lactobacilli has been shown to improve dysbiosis along with mood and metabolism. Yet, a potential role of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus 0030) (LR) in improving emotional behavior in established obesity and the underlying mechanisms are unknown. METHODS: Female and male C57BL/6N mice were fed a low-fat diet (10% kcal from fat) or high-fat diet (HFD) (45% kcal from fat) for 6 weeks, followed by daily oral gavage of vehicle or 1 3 10 8 colony-forming units of LR, and assessment of anxiety- and depressive-like behavior. Cecal microbiota composition was analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid were collected for metabolomic analysis, and gene expression of different brain areas was assessed using reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: We observed that 12 weeks of HFD feeding induced hyperinsulinemia, which was attenuated by LR application only in female mice. On the contrary, HFD-fed male mice exhibited increased anxiety- and depressive-like behavior, where the latter was specifically attenuated by LR application, which was independent of metabolic changes. Furthermore, LR application restored the HFD-induced decrease of tyrosine hydroxylase, along with normalizing cholecystokinin gene expression in dopaminergic brain regions; both tyrosine hydroxylase and cholecystokinin are involved in signaling pathways impacting emotional disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that LR attenuates depressive-like behavior after established obesity, with changes in the dopaminergic system in male mice, and mitigates hyperinsulinemia in obese female mice. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.02.011 SN - 2667-1743 VL - 3 IS - 4 SP - 651 EP - 662 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Brandenburger, Bonny A1 - Brüsch, Julia A1 - Voigt, Maximilian A1 - Busch, Magnus T1 - Towards an open hardware process model for long-term sustainability T2 - ECIS 2023 research-in-progress papers N2 - The rise of open source models for software and hardware development has catalyzed the debate regarding sustainable business models. Open Source Software has already become a dominant part in the software industry, whereas Open Source Hardware is still a little-researched phenomenon but has the potential to do the same to manufacturing in a wide range of products. This article addresses this potential by introducing a research design to analyze the prototyping phase of six different Open Source Hardware projects tackling ecological, social, and economical challenges. Using a design science research methodology, a process model is developed to concretise the prototype development steps. The prototype phase is important because it is where fundamental decisions are made that affect the openness of the final product. This paper aims to advance the discourse on open production as a concept that enables companies to apply the aspect of openness towards collaboration-oriented and sustainable business models. KW - open hardware KW - prototyping process KW - co-creation KW - documentation KW - sustainable product development Y1 - 2023 UR - https://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2023_rip/77 SP - 1428 EP - 1439 PB - Association for Information Systems (AIS) CY - Atlanta, GA ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sixtus, Elena A1 - Lindner, Nadja A1 - Lohse, Karoline A1 - Lonnemann, Jan T1 - Investigating the influence of body movements on children's mental arithmetic performance JF - Acta psychologica : international journal of psychonomics N2 - Several lines of research have demonstrated spatial-numerical associations in both adults and children, which are thought to be based on a spatial representation of numerical information in the form of a mental number line. The acquisition of increasingly precise mental number line representations is assumed to support arithmetic learning in children. It is further suggested that sensorimotor experiences shape the development of number concepts and arithmetic learning, and that mental arithmetic can be characterized as “motion along a path” and might constitute shifts in attention along the mental number line. The present study investigated whether movements in physical space influence mental arithmetic in primary school children, and whether the expected effect depends on concurrency of body movements and mental arithmetic. After turning their body towards the left or right, 48 children aged 8 to 10 years solved simple subtraction and addition problems. Meanwhile, they either walked or stood still and looked towards the respective direction. We report a congruency effect between body orientation and operation type, i.e., higher performance for the combinations leftward orientation and subtraction and rightward orientation and addition. We found no significant difference between walking and looking conditions. The present results suggest that mental arithmetic in children is influenced by preceding sensorimotor cues and not necessarily by concurrent body movements. KW - Mental number line KW - Horizontal space KW - Embodied cognition KW - Arithmetic skills Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104003 SN - 0001-6918 SN - 1873-6297 VL - 239 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ruszkiewicz, Joanna A1 - Endig, Lisa A1 - Güver, Ebru A1 - Bürkle, Alexander A1 - Mangerich, Aswin T1 - Life-cycle-dependent toxicities of mono- and bifunctional alkylating agents in the 3R-compliant model organism C. elegans JF - Cells : open access journal N2 - Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is gaining recognition and importance as an organismic model for toxicity testing in line with the 3Rs principle (replace, reduce, refine). In this study, we explored the use of C. elegans to examine the toxicities of alkylating sulphur mustard analogues, specifically the monofunctional agent 2-chloroethyl-ethyl sulphide (CEES) and the bifunctional, crosslinking agent mechlorethamine (HN2). We exposed wild-type worms at different life cycle stages (from larvae L1 to adulthood day 10) to CEES or HN2 and scored their viability 24 h later. The susceptibility of C. elegans to CEES and HN2 paralleled that of human cells, with HN2 exhibiting higher toxicity than CEES, reflected in LC50 values in the high µM to low mM range. Importantly, the effects were dependent on the worms’ developmental stage as well as organismic age: the highest susceptibility was observed in L1, whereas the lowest was observed in L4 worms. In adult worms, susceptibility to alkylating agents increased with advanced age, especially to HN2. To examine reproductive effects, L4 worms were exposed to CEES and HN2, and both the offspring and the percentage of unhatched eggs were assessed. Moreover, germline apoptosis was assessed by using ced-1p::GFP (MD701) worms. In contrast to concentrations that elicited low toxicities to L4 worms, CEES and HN2 were highly toxic to germline cells, manifesting as increased germline apoptosis as well as reduced offspring number and percentage of eggs hatched. Again, HN2 exhibited stronger effects than CEES. Compound specificity was also evident in toxicities to dopaminergic neurons–HN2 exposure affected expression of dopamine transporter DAT-1 (strain BY200) at lower concentrations than CEES, suggesting a higher neurotoxic effect. Mechanistically, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) has been linked to mustard agent toxicities. Therefore, the NAD+-dependent system was investigated in the response to CEES and HN2 treatment. Overall NAD+ levels in worm extracts were revealed to be largely resistant to mustard exposure except for high concentrations, which lowered the NAD+ levels in L4 worms 24 h post-treatment. Interestingly, however, mutant worms lacking components of NAD+-dependent pathways involved in genome maintenance, namely pme-2, parg-2, and sirt-2.1 showed a higher and compound-specific susceptibility, indicating an active role of NAD+ in genotoxic stress response. In conclusion, the present results demonstrate that C. elegans represents an attractive model to study the toxicology of alkylating agents, which supports its use in mechanistic as well as intervention studies with major strength in the possibility to analyze toxicities at different life cycle stages. KW - C. elegans KW - alkylating agents KW - mustards KW - life cycle toxicities KW - neurotoxicity KW - NAD+ Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12232728 SN - 2073-4409 VL - 12 IS - 23 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heide, Judith A1 - Netzebandt, Jonka A1 - Ahrens, Stine A1 - Brüsch, Julia A1 - Saalfrank, Teresa A1 - Schmitz-Antonischki, Dorit T1 - Improving lexical retrieval with LingoTalk BT - an app-based, self-administered treatment for clients with aphasia JF - Frontiers in communication N2 - Introduction LingoTalk is a German speech-language app designed to enhance lexical retrieval in individuals with aphasia. It incorporates automatic speech recognition (ASR) to provide therapist-independent feedback. The execution and effectiveness of a self-administered intervention with LingoTalk was explored in a case series study. Methods Three individuals with chronic aphasia participated in a highly individualized, supervised self-administered intervention lasting 3 weeks. The LingoTalk app closely monitored the frequency, intensity and progress of the intervention. Treatment efficacy was assessed using a multiple baseline design, examining both item-specific treatment effects and generalization to untreated items, an untreated task, and spontaneous speech. Results All participants successfully completed the intervention with LingoTalk, although one participant was not able to use the ASR feature. None of the participants fully adhered to the treatment protocol. All participants demonstrated significant and sustained improvement in the naming of practiced items, although there was limited evidence of generalization. Additionally, there was a slight reduction in word-finding difficulties during spontaneous speech. Discussion This small-scale study indicates that self-administered intervention with LingoTalk can improve oral naming of treated items. Thus, it has the potential to complement face-to-face speech-language therapy, such as within in a “flipped speech room” approach. The choice of feedback mode is discussed. Transparent progress monitoring of the intervention appears to positively influence patients' motivation. KW - aphasi KW - anomia KW - lexical retrieva KW - oral naming KW - app-based intervention KW - self-training KW - automatic speech recognition (ASR) KW - LingoTalk Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2023.1210193 SN - 2297-900X VL - 8 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rosenblum, Michael A1 - Pikovsky, Arkady T1 - Inferring connectivity of an oscillatory network via the phase dynamics reconstruction JF - Frontiers in network physiology N2 - We review an approach for reconstructing oscillatory networks’ undirected and directed connectivity from data. The technique relies on inferring the phase dynamics model. The central assumption is that we observe the outputs of all network nodes. We distinguish between two cases. In the first one, the observed signals represent smooth oscillations, while in the second one, the data are pulse-like and can be viewed as point processes. For the first case, we discuss estimating the true phase from a scalar signal, exploiting the protophase-to-phase transformation. With the phases at hand, pairwise and triplet synchronization indices can characterize the undirected connectivity. Next, we demonstrate how to infer the general form of the coupling functions for two or three oscillators and how to use these functions to quantify the directional links. We proceed with a different treatment of networks with more than three nodes. We discuss the difference between the structural and effective phase connectivity that emerges due to high-order terms in the coupling functions. For the second case of point-process data, we use the instants of spikes to infer the phase dynamics model in the Winfree form directly. This way, we obtain the network’s coupling matrix in the first approximation in the coupling strength. KW - oscillations KW - network KW - connectivity KW - data analysis KW - phase reduction Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnetp.2023.1298228 SN - 2674-0109 VL - 3 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Konak, Orhan A1 - van de Water, Robin A1 - Döring, Valentin A1 - Fiedler, Tobias A1 - Liebe, Lucas A1 - Masopust, Leander A1 - Postnov, Kirill A1 - Sauerwald, Franz A1 - Treykorn, Felix A1 - Wischmann, Alexander A1 - Gjoreski, Hristijan A1 - Luštrek, Mitja A1 - Arnrich, Bert T1 - HARE BT - unifying the human activity recognition engineering workflow JF - Sensors N2 - Sensor-based human activity recognition is becoming ever more prevalent. The increasing importance of distinguishing human movements, particularly in healthcare, coincides with the advent of increasingly compact sensors. A complex sequence of individual steps currently characterizes the activity recognition pipeline. It involves separate data collection, preparation, and processing steps, resulting in a heterogeneous and fragmented process. To address these challenges, we present a comprehensive framework, HARE, which seamlessly integrates all necessary steps. HARE offers synchronized data collection and labeling, integrated pose estimation for data anonymization, a multimodal classification approach, and a novel method for determining optimal sensor placement to enhance classification results. Additionally, our framework incorporates real-time activity recognition with on-device model adaptation capabilities. To validate the effectiveness of our framework, we conducted extensive evaluations using diverse datasets, including our own collected dataset focusing on nursing activities. Our results show that HARE’s multimodal and on-device trained model outperforms conventional single-modal and offline variants. Furthermore, our vision-based approach for optimal sensor placement yields comparable results to the trained model. Our work advances the field of sensor-based human activity recognition by introducing a comprehensive framework that streamlines data collection and classification while offering a novel method for determining optimal sensor placement. KW - human activity recognition KW - multimodal classification KW - privacy preservation KW - real-time classification KW - sensor placement Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239571 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 23 IS - 23 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blaser, Berenike Lisa A1 - Weymar, Mathias A1 - Wendt, Julia T1 - The effect of a single-session heart rate variability biofeedback on attentional control BT - does stress matter? JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Introduction Vagally mediated heart rate variability is an index of autonomic nervous system activity that is associated with a large variety of outcome variables including psychopathology and self-regulation. While practicing heart rate variability biofeedback over several weeks has been reliably associated with a number of positive outcomes, its acute effects are not well known. As the strongest association with vagally mediated heart rate variability has been found particularly within the attention-related subdomain of self-regulation, we investigated the acute effect of heart rate variability biofeedback on attentional control using the revised Attention Network Test. Methods Fifty-six participants were tested in two sessions. In one session each participant received a heart rate variability biofeedback intervention, and in the other session a control intervention of paced breathing at a normal ventilation rate. After the biofeedback or control intervention, participants completed the Attention Network Test using the Orienting Score as a measure of attentional control. Results Mixed models revealed that higher resting baseline vagally mediated heart rate variability was associated with better performance in attentional control, which suggests more efficient direction of attention to target stimuli. There was no significant main effect of the intervention on attentional control. However, an interaction effect indicated better performance in attentional control after biofeedback in individuals who reported higher current stress levels. Discussion The results point to acute beneficial effects of heart rate variability biofeedback on cognitive performance in highly stressed individuals. Although promising, the results need to be replicated in larger or more targeted samples in order to reach stronger conclusions about the effects. KW - attention KW - self-regulation KW - heart rate variability KW - biofeedback KW - cognitive control KW - stress KW - vagal tone KW - slow-paced breathing Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1292983 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 14 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Langary, Damoun A1 - Küken, Anika A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran T1 - The effective deficiency of biochemical networks JF - Scientific reports N2 - The deficiency of a (bio)chemical reaction network can be conceptually interpreted as a measure of its ability to support exotic dynamical behavior and/or multistationarity. The classical definition of deficiency relates to the capacity of a network to permit variations of the complex formation rate vector at steady state, irrespective of the network kinetics. However, the deficiency is by definition completely insensitive to the fine details of the directionality of reactions as well as bounds on reaction fluxes. While the classical definition of deficiency can be readily applied in the analysis of unconstrained, weakly reversible networks, it only provides an upper bound in the cases where relevant constraints on reaction fluxes are imposed. Here we propose the concept of effective deficiency, which provides a more accurate assessment of the network’s capacity to permit steady state variations at the complex level for constrained networks of any reversibility patterns. The effective deficiency relies on the concept of nonstoichiometric balanced complexes, which we have already shown to be present in real-world biochemical networks operating under flux constraints. Our results demonstrate that the effective deficiency of real-world biochemical networks is smaller than the classical deficiency, indicating the effects of reaction directionality and flux bounds on the variation of the complex formation rate vector at steady state. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-41767-1 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 13 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sammoud, Senda A1 - Bouguezzi, Raja A1 - Uthoff, Aaron A1 - Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo A1 - Moran, Jason A1 - Negra, Yassine A1 - Hachana, Younes A1 - Chaabene, Helmi T1 - The effects of backward vs. forward running training on measures of physical fitness in young female handball players JF - Frontiers in sports and active living N2 - Introduction This study examined the effects of an 8-week backward running (BR) vs. forward running (FR) training programmes on measures of physical fitness in young female handball players. Methods Twenty-nine players participated in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to a FR training group, BR training group, and a control group. Results and discussion Within-group analysis indicated significant, small-to-large improvements in all performance tests (effect size [g] = 0.36 to 1.80), except 5-m forward sprint-time in the BR group and 5- and 10-m forward sprint-time in the FR group. However, the CG significantly decreased forward sprint performance over 10-m and 20-m (g = 0.28 to 0.50) with no changes in the other fitness parameters. No significant differences in the amount of change scores between the BR and FR groups were noted. Both training interventions have led to similar improvements in measures of muscle power, change of direction (CoD) speed, sprint speed either forward or backward, and repeated sprint ability (RSA) in young female handball players, though BR training may have a small advantage over FR training for 10-m forward sprint time and CoD speed, while FR training may provide small improvements over BR training for RSAbest. Practitioners are advised to consider either FR or BR training to improve various measures of physical fitness in young female handball players. KW - team sports KW - athletic performance KW - motor activity KW - youth sports KW - sports medicine Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2023.1244369 SN - 2624-9367 VL - 5 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Angenendt, Steffen A1 - Koch, Anne A1 - Tjaden, Jasper T1 - Predicting irregular migration BT - SWP research paper T2 - high hopes, meagre results N2 - German and European migration policy operates in permanent crisis mode. Sudden increases in irregular immigration create a sense of loss of control, which is instrumentalised by populist forces. This has generated great interest in quantitative migration predictions. High expectations are placed in the AI-based tools currently under devel­op­ment for forecasting irregular migration. The potential applications of these tools are manifold. They range from managing and strengthening the EU's reception capacity and border protections to configuring humanitarian aid provision and longer-term planning of development programmes. There is a significant gap between the expectations placed in the new instruments and their practical utility. Technical limits exist, medium-term forecasts are methodologically implausible, and channels for feeding the results into political decision-making processes are lacking. The great demand for predictions is driven by the political functions of migration prediction, which include its uses in political communication, funding acquisition and legitimisation of political decisions. Investment in the quality of the underlying data will be more productive than developing a succession of new prediction tools. Funding for applications in emergency relief and development cooperation should be prioritised. Crisis early warning and risk analysis should also be strengthened and their networking improved. KW - Migration KW - Migrationspolitik KW - Wanderungsprognosen KW - Vorhersage KW - Vorausschau KW - displacement forecasting KW - Krisenfrüherkennung KW - Risikoanalyse KW - Künstliche Intelligenz KW - maschinelles Lernen KW - Agentenbasierte Modellierung KW - predicting irregular migration KW - forecast KW - quantitative migration prediction KW - UNHCR KW - IOM KW - Frontex Risk Analysis Network (FRAN) KW - Common Integrated Risk Analysis Model (CIRAM) KW - Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC) KW - Frontex KW - Pact on Migration and Asylum Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18449/2023RP11 SN - 2747-5123 SN - 1863-1053 VL - 11 PB - Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP) CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Quarmby, Andrew A1 - Zhang, Martin A1 - Geisler, Moritz A1 - Javorsky, Tomas A1 - Mugele, Hendrik A1 - Cassel, Michael A1 - Lawley, Justin T1 - Risk factors and injury prevention strategies for overuse injuries in adult climbers BT - a systematic review JF - Frontiers in sports and active living N2 - Introduction Climbing is an increasingly popular activity and imposes specific physiological demands on the human body, which results in unique injury presentations. Of particular concern are overuse injuries (non-traumatic injuries). These injuries tend to present in the upper body and might be preventable with adequate knowledge of risk factors which could inform about injury prevention strategies. Research in this area has recently emerged but has yet to be synthesized comprehensively. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the potential risk factors and injury prevention strategies for overuse injuries in adult climbers. Methods This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Databases were searched systematically, and articles were deemed eligible based upon specific criteria. Research included was original and peer-reviewed, involving climbers, and published in English, German or Czech. Outcomes included overuse injury, and at least one or more variable indicating potential risk factors or injury prevention strategies. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed with the Downs and Black Quality Index. Data were extracted from included studies and reported descriptively for population, climbing sport type, study design, injury definition and incidence/prevalence, risk factors, and injury prevention strategies. Results Out of 1,183 records, a total of 34 studies were included in the final analysis. Higher climbing intensity, bouldering, reduced grip/finger strength, use of a “crimp” grip, and previous injury were associated with an increased risk of overuse injury. Additionally, a strength training intervention prevented shoulder and elbow injuries. BMI/body weight, warm up/cool downs, stretching, taping and hydration were not associated with risk of overuse injury. The evidence for the risk factors of training volume, age/years of climbing experience, and sex was conflicting. Discussion This review presents several risk factors which appear to increase the risk of overuse injury in climbers. Strength and conditioning, load management, and climbing technique could be targeted in injury prevention programs, to enhance the health and wellbeing of climbing athletes. Further research is required to investigate the conflicting findings reported across included studies, and to investigate the effectiveness of injury prevention programs. Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/, PROSPERO (CRD42023404031). KW - climbing KW - bouldering KW - overuse injuries KW - risk factors KW - injury prevention KW - systematic reveiw KW - climbing injuries Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2023.1269870 SN - 2624-9367 VL - 5 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bürger, Gerd A1 - Heistermann, Maik T1 - Shallow and deep learning of extreme rainfall events from convective atmospheres JF - Natural hazards and earth system sciences : NHESS N2 - Our subject is a new catalogue of radar-based heavy rainfall events (CatRaRE) over Germany and how it relates to the concurrent atmospheric circulation. We classify daily ERA5 fields of convective indices according to CatRaRE, using an array of 13 statistical methods, consisting of 4 conventional (“shallow”) and 9 more recent deep machine learning (DL) algorithms; the classifiers are then applied to corresponding fields of simulated present and future atmospheres from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) project. The inherent uncertainty of the DL results from the stochastic nature of their optimization is addressed by employing an ensemble approach using 20 runs for each network. The shallow random forest method performs best with an equitable threat score (ETS) around 0.52, followed by the DL networks ALL-CNN and ResNet with an ETS near 0.48. Their success can be understood as a result of conceptual simplicity and parametric parsimony, which obviously best fits the relatively simple classification task. It is found that, on summer days, CatRaRE convective atmospheres over Germany occur with a probability of about 0.5. This probability is projected to increase, regardless of method, both in ERA5-reanalyzed and CORDEX-simulated atmospheres: for the historical period we find a centennial increase of about 0.2 and for the future period one of slightly below 0.1. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3065-2023 SN - 1561-8633 SN - 1684-9981 VL - 23 IS - 9 SP - 3065 EP - 3077 PB - European Geophysical Society CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sanchez Sanz, Arturo A1 - Laudenbach, Benoît A1 - Weiß, Adrian A1 - Werner, Eva A1 - Stachon, Markus A1 - Anders, Friedrich A1 - Barthel, Christian A1 - Berrens, Dominik A1 - Avalli, Andrea A1 - Vandewalle, Alexander A1 - Ferrara, Pasquale A1 - Pohl, Patrik ED - Ambühl, Annemarie ED - Carlà-Uhink, Filippo ED - Rollinger, Christian ED - Walde, Christine T1 - Spring Issue T2 - thersites Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.34679/thersites.vol16 SN - 2364-7612 VL - 2023 IS - 16 ER -