TY - GEN A1 - Voltmer, Edgar A1 - Kieschke, Ulf A1 - Schwappach, David L.B. A1 - Wirsching, Michael A1 - Spahn, Claudia T1 - Psychosocial health risk factors and resources of medical students and physicians BT - a cross-sectional study T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background Epidemiological data indicate elevated psychosocial health risks for physicians, e.g., burnout, depression, marital disturbances, alcohol and substance abuse, and suicide. The purpose of this study was to identify psychosocial health resources and risk factors in profession-related behaviour and experience patterns of medical students and physicians that may serve as a basis for appropriate health promoting interventions. Methods The questionnaire -Related Behaviour and Experience "Work administered in cross-sectional surveys to students in the first (n = 475) and in the fifth year of studies (n = 355) in required courses at three German universities and to physicians in early professional life in the vicinity of these universities (n = 381). Results Scores reflecting a healthy behaviour pattern were less likely in physicians (16.7%) compared to 5th year (26.0%) and 1st year students (35.1%) while scores representing unambitious and resigned patterns were more common among physicians (43.4% vs. 24.4% vs. 41.0% and 27.3% vs. 17.2% vs. 23.3 respectively). Female and male responders differed in the domains professional commitment, resistance to stress and emotional well-being. Female physicians on average scored higher in the dimensions resignation tendencies, satisfaction with life and experience of social support, and lower in career ambition. Conclusion The results show distinct psychosocial stress patterns among medical students and physicians. Health promotion and prevention of psychosocial symptoms and impairments should be integrated as a required part of the medical curriculum and be considered an important issue during the further training of physicians. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 641 KW - medical student KW - risk pattern KW - emotional distance KW - professional commitment KW - burnout syndrome Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431211 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 641 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fanselow, Gisbert A1 - Lenertová, Denisa T1 - Left peripheral focus BT - mismatches between syntax and information structure T2 - Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - In Czech, German, and many other languages, part of the semantic focus of the utterance can be moved to the left periphery of the clause. The main generalization is that only the leftmost accented part of the semantic focus can be moved. We propose that movement to the left periphery is generally triggered by an unspecific edge feature of C (Chomsky 2008) and its restrictions can be attributed to requirements of cyclic linearization, modifying the theory of cyclic linearization developed by Fox and Pesetsky (2005). The crucial assumption is that structural accent is a direct consequence of being linearized at merge, thus it is indirectly relevant for (locality restrictions on) movement. The absence of structural accent correlates with given-ness. Given elements may later receive (topic or contrastive) accents, which accounts for fronting in multiple focus/contrastive topic constructions. Without any additional assumptions, the model can account for movement of pragmatically unmarked elements to the left periphery (‘formal fronting’, Frey 2005). Crucially, the analysis makes no reference at all to concepts of information structure in the syntax, in line with the claim of Chomsky (2008) that UG specifies no direct link between syntax and information structure. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 596 KW - Czech KW - German KW - Focus KW - Topic KW - Information structure KW - Intervention effects KW - Cyclic linearization KW - A-bar-movement KW - Prosody-syntax interface KW - Accentuation Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-428198 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 596 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Carlsohn, Anja A1 - Cassel, Michael A1 - Linné, Karsten A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - How much is too much? BT - a case report of nutritional supplement use of a high-performance athlete T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Although dietary nutrient intake is often adequate, nutritional supplement use is common among elite athletes. However, high-dose supplements or the use of multiple supplements may exceed the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of particular nutrients or even result in a daily intake above tolerable upper limits (UL). The present case report presents nutritional intake data and supplement use of a highly trained male swimmer competing at international level. Habitual energy and micronutrient intake were analysed by 3 d dietary reports. Supplement use and dosage were assessed, and total amount of nutrient supply was calculated. Micronutrient intake was evaluated based on RDA and UL as presented by the European Scientific Committee on Food, and maximum permitted levels in supplements (MPL) are given. The athlete’s diet provided adequate micronutrient content well above RDA except for vitamin D. Simultaneous use of ten different supplements was reported, resulting in excess intake above tolerable UL for folate, vitamin E and Zn. Additionally, daily supplement dosage was considerably above MPL for nine micronutrients consumed as artificial products. Risks and possible side effects of exceeding UL by the athlete are discussed. Athletes with high energy intake may be at risk of exceeding UL of particular nutrients if multiple supplements are added. Therefore, dietary counselling of athletes should include assessment of habitual diet and nutritional supplement intake. Educating athletes to balance their diets instead of taking supplements might be prudent to prevent health risks that may occur with long-term excess nutrient intake. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 515 KW - dietary supplements KW - tolerable upper limits KW - elite athletes KW - vitamins KW - minerals Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412910 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 515 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sinn, Petra A1 - Engbert, Ralf T1 - Saccadic facilitation by modulation of microsaccades in natural backgrounds T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Saccades move objects of interest into the center of the visual field for high-acuity visual analysis. White, Stritzke, and Gegenfurtner (Current Biology, 18, 124–128, 2008) have shown that saccadic latencies in the context of a structured background are much shorter than those with an unstructured background at equal levels of visibility. This effect has been explained by possible preactivation of the saccadic circuitry whenever a structured background acts as a mask for potential saccade targets. Here, we show that background textures modulate rates of microsaccades during visual fixation. First, after a display change, structured backgrounds induce a stronger decrease of microsaccade rates than do uniform backgrounds. Second, we demonstrate that the occurrence of a microsaccade in a critical time window can delay a subsequent saccadic response. Taken together, our findings suggest that microsaccades contribute to the saccadic facilitation effect, due to a modulation of microsaccade rates by properties of the background. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 595 KW - eye movements KW - microsaccade KW - saccade latency KW - background texture KW - saccadic facilitation effect Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431817 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 595 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Vicente, Luis T1 - Ángel J. Gallego, Phase theory T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 539 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413116 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 539 SP - 719 EP - 724 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ott, Susan A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Verb inflection in German-learning children with typical and atypical language acquisition BT - the impact of subsyllabic frequencies JF - Journal of child language N2 - Previous research has shown that high phonotactic frequencies facilitate the production of regularly inflected verbs in English-learning children with specific language impairment (SLI) but not with typical development (TD). We asked whether this finding can be replicated for German, a language with a much more complex inflectional verb paradigm than English. Using an elicitation task, the production of inflected nonce verb forms (3rd person singular with - t suffix) with either high-or low-frequency subsyllables was tested in sixteen German-learning children with SLI (ages 4;1-5;1), sixteen TD-children matched for chronological age (CA) and fourteen TD-children matched for verbal age (VA) (ages 3;0-3;11). The findings revealed that children with SLI, but not CA-or VA-children, showed differential performance between the two types of verbs, producing more inflectional errors when the verb forms resulted in low-frequency subsyllables than when they resulted in high-frequency subsyllables, replicating the results from English-learning children. KW - english past tense KW - sentence repetition KW - nonword repetition KW - speaking children KW - impairment KW - morphology KW - infants KW - speech KW - words Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S030500091200027X SN - 0305-0009 VL - 40 IS - 1 SP - 169 EP - 192 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - New York ER - TY - GEN A1 - Shaw, Jason A. A1 - Gafos, Adamantios I. A1 - Hoole, Philip A1 - Zeroual, Chakir T1 - Dynamic invariance in the phonetic expression of syllable structure BT - a case study of Moroccan Arabic consonant clusters T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - We asked whether invariant phonetic indices for syllable structure can be identified in a language where word-initial consonant clusters, regardless of their sonority profile, are claimed to be parsed heterosyllabically. Four speakers of Moroccan Arabic were recorded, using Electromagnetic Articulography. Pursuing previous work, we employed temporal diagnostics for syllable structure, consisting of static correspondences between any given phonological organisation and its presumed phonetic indices. We show that such correspondences offer only a partial understanding of the relation between syllabic organisation and continuous indices of that organisation. We analyse the failure of the diagnostics and put forth a new approach in which different phonological organisations prescribe different ways in which phonetic indices change as phonetic parameters are scaled. The main finding is that invariance is found in these patterns of change, rather than in static correspondences between phonological constructs and fixed values for their phonetic indices. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 516 KW - american english KW - perception KW - speech KW - organization KW - duration KW - patterns KW - syllabication KW - articulation KW - sequences KW - knowledge Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412479 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 516 SP - 455 EP - 490 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Adam, Jos J. A1 - Bovend'Eerdt, Thamar J. H. A1 - Dooren, Fleur E. P. van A1 - Fischer, Martin H. A1 - Pratt, Jay T1 - The closer the better BT - hand proximity dynamically affects letter recognition accuracy T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - A growing literature has suggested that processing of visual information presented near the hands is facilitated. In this study, we investigated whether the near-hands superiority effect also occurs with the hands moving. In two experiments, participants performed a cyclical bimanual movement task requiring concurrent visual identification of briefly presented letters. For both the static and dynamic hand conditions, the results showed improved letter recognition performance with the hands closer to the stimuli. The finding that the encoding advantage for near-hand stimuli also occurred with the hands moving suggests that the effect is regulated in real time, in accordance with the concept of a bimodal neural system that dynamically updates hand position in external space. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 607 KW - perception and action Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432963 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 607 SP - 1533 EP - 1538 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Cheng, Lisa Lai-Shen A1 - Vicente, Luis T1 - Verb doubling in Mandarin Chinese T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - This article examines two so-far-understudied verb doubling constructions in Mandarin Chinese, viz., verb doubling clefts and verb doubling lian…dou. We show that these constructions have the same internal syntax as regular clefts and lian…dou sentences, the doubling effect being epiphenomenal; therefore, we classify them as subtypes of the general cleft and lian…dou constructions, respectively, rather than as independent constructions. Additionally, we also show that, as in many other languages with comparable constructions, the two instances of the verb are part of a single movement chain, which has the peculiarity of allowing Spell-Out of more than one link. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 629 KW - Mandarin Chinese KW - verb doubling KW - verb movement KW - cleft KW - lian…dou Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-436880 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 629 SP - 1 EP - 37 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Berger, Frauke A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Restrictions on addition BT - children’s interpretation of the focus particles auch ‘ also ’ and nur ‘ only ’ in German T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Children up to school age have been reported to perform poorly when interpreting sentences containing restrictive and additive focus particles by treating sentences with a focus particle in the same way as sentences without it. Careful comparisons between results of previous studies indicate that this phenomenon is less pronounced for restrictive than for additive particles. We argue that this asymmetry is an effect of the presuppositional status of the proposition triggered by the additive particle. We tested this in two experiments with German-learning three-and four-year-olds using a method that made the exploitation of the information provided by the particles highly relevant for completing the task. Three-year-olds already performed remarkably well with sentences both with auch 'also' and with nur 'only'. Thus, children can consider the presuppositional contribution of the additive particle in their sentence interpretation and can exploit the restrictive particle as a marker of exhaustivity. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 509 KW - presupposition KW - comprehension KW - implicature KW - acquisition KW - semantics KW - asymmetry KW - tolerance KW - mandarin Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414911 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 509 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kirkici, Bilal A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Inflection and derivation in native and non-native language processing BT - masked priming experiments on Turkish T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Much previous experimental research on morphological processing has focused on surface and meaning-level properties of morphologically complex words, without paying much attention to the morphological differences between inflectional and derivational processes. Realization-based theories of morphology, for example, assume specific morpholexical representations for derived words that distinguish them from the products of inflectional or paradigmatic processes. The present study reports results from a series of masked priming experiments investigating the processing of inflectional and derivational phenomena in native (L1) and non-native (L2) speakers in a non-Indo-European language, Turkish. We specifically compared regular (Aorist) verb inflection with deadjectival nominalization, both of which are highly frequent, productive and transparent in Turkish. The experiments demonstrated different priming patterns for inflection and derivation, specifically within the L2 group. Implications of these findings are discussed both for accounts of L2 morphological processing and for the controversial linguistic distinction between inflection and derivation. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 512 KW - morphological processing KW - second language KW - late bilinguals Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-415664 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 512 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rothweiler, Monika A1 - Chilla, Solveig A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Subject−verb agreement in Specific Language Impairment BT - a study of monolingual and bilingual German-speaking children T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - This study investigates phenomena that have been claimed to be indicative of Specific Language Impairment (SLI) in German, focusing on subject-verb agreement marking. Longitudinal data from fourteen German-speaking children with SLI, seven monolingual and seven Turkish-German successive bilingual children, were examined. We found similar patterns of impairment in the two participant groups. Both the monolingual and the bilingual children with SLI had correct (present vs. preterit) tense marking and produced syntactically complex sentences such as embedded clauses and wh-questions, but were limited in reliably producing correct agreement-marked verb forms. These contrasts indicate that agreement marking is impaired in German-speaking children with SLI, without any necessary concurrent deficits in either the CP-domain or in tense marking. Our results also show that it is possible to identify SLI from an early successive bilingual child's performance in one of her two languages. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 510 KW - verb morphology KW - tense deficit KW - agreement deficit KW - Turkish−German SLI Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-415122 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 510 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wattendorf, Elise A1 - Festman, Julia A1 - Westermann, Birgit A1 - Keil, Ursula A1 - Zappatore, Daniela A1 - Franceschini, Rita A1 - Luedi, Georges A1 - Radue, Ernst-Wilhelm A1 - Münte, Thomas F. A1 - Rager, Günter A1 - Nitsch, Cordula T1 - Early bilingualism influences early and subsequently later acquired languages in cortical regions representing control functions T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Early acquisition of a second language influences the development of language abilities and cognitive functions. In the present study, we used functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to investigate the impact of early bilingualism on the organization of the cortical language network during sentence production. Two groups of adult multilinguals, proficient in three languages, were tested on a narrative task; early multilinguals acquired the second language before the age of three years, late multilinguals after the age of nine. All participants learned a third language after nine years of age. Comparison of the two groups revealed substantial differences in language-related brain activity for early as well as late acquired languages. Most importantly, early multilinguals preferentially activated a fronto-striatal network in the left hemisphere, whereas the left posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG) was activated to a lesser degree than in late multilinguals. The same brain regions were highlighted in previous studies when a non-target language had to be controlled. Hence the engagement of language control in adult early multilinguals appears to be influenced by the specific learning and acquisition conditions during early childhood. Remarkably, our results reveal that the functional control of early and subsequently later acquired languages is similarly affected, suggesting that language experience has a pervasive influence into adulthood. As such, our findings extend the current understanding of control functions in multilinguals. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 384 KW - multilingual KW - language acquisition KW - narration KW - age of acquisition KW - functional magnetic resonance imaging KW - emergentist framework Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404092 IS - 384 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Salzwedel, Annett A1 - Nosper, Manfred A1 - Röhrig, Bernd A1 - Linck-Eleftheriadis, Sigrid A1 - Strandt, Gert A1 - Völler, Heinz T1 - Outcome quality of in-patient cardiac rehabilitation in elderly patients – identification of relevant parameters T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background Outcome quality management requires the consecutive registration of defined variables. The aim was to identify relevant parameters in order to objectively assess the in-patient rehabilitation outcome. Methods From February 2009 to June 2010 1253 patients (70.9 ± 7.0 years, 78.1% men) at 12 rehabilitation clinics were enrolled. Items concerning sociodemographic data, the impairment group (surgery, conservative/interventional treatment), cardiovascular risk factors, structural and functional parameters and subjective health were tested in respect of their measurability, sensitivity to change and their propensity to be influenced by rehabilitation. Results The majority of patients (61.1%) were referred for rehabilitation after cardiac surgery, 38.9% after conservative or interventional treatment for an acute coronary syndrome. Functionally relevant comorbidities were seen in 49.2% (diabetes mellitus, stroke, peripheral artery disease, chronic obstructive lung disease). In three key areas 13 parameters were identified as being sensitive to change and subject to modification by rehabilitation: cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides), exercise capacity (resting heart rate, maximal exercise capacity, maximal walking distance, heart failure, angina pectoris) and subjective health (IRES-24 (indicators of rehabilitation status): pain, somatic health, psychological well-being and depression as well as anxiety on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Conclusion The outcome of in-patient rehabilitation in elderly patients can be comprehensively assessed by the identification of appropriate key areas, that is, cardiovascular risk factors, exercise capacity and subjective health. This may well serve as a benchmark for internal and external quality management. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 390 KW - cardiac rehabilitation KW - quality management KW - outcome measures Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404151 IS - 390 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Festman, Julia T1 - Language control abilities of late bilinguals T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Although all bilinguals encounter cross-language interference (CLI), some bilinguals are more susceptible to interference than others. Here, we report on language performance of late bilinguals (Russian/German) on two bilingual tasks (interview, verbal fluency), their language use and switching habits. The only between-group difference was CLI: one group consistently produced significantly more errors of CLI on both tasks than the other (thereby replicating our findings from a bilingual picture naming task). This striking group difference in language control ability can only be explained by differences in cognitive control, not in language proficiency or language mode. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 459 KW - language control KW - language proficiency KW - interference KW - error analysis KW - language mode KW - switching attitude Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413930 IS - 459 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Felser, Claudia A1 - Cunnings, Ian A1 - Batterham, Claire A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - The timing of island effects in nonnative sentence processing T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Using the eye-movement monitoring technique in two reading comprehension experiments, this study investigated the timing of constraints on wh-dependencies (so-called island constraints) in first- and second-language (L1 and L2) sentence processing. The results show that both L1 and L2 speakers of English are sensitive to extraction islands during processing, suggesting that memory storage limitations affect L1 and L2 comprehenders in essentially the same way. Furthermore, these results show that the timing of island effects in L1 compared to L2 sentence comprehension is affected differently by the type of cue (semantic fit versus filled gaps) signaling whether dependency formation is possible at a potential gap site. Even though L1 English speakers showed immediate sensitivity to filled gaps but not to lack of semantic fit, proficient German-speaking learners of English as a L2 showed the opposite sensitivity pattern. This indicates that initial wh-dependency formation in L2 processing is based on semantic feature matching rather than being structurally mediated as in L1 comprehension. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 526 KW - trace positions KW - empty categories KW - garden-paths KW - 2nd-language KW - grammar KW - dependencies KW - plausibility KW - constraints KW - english KW - comprehension Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-415179 SN - 1866-8364 EP - 526 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Radford, Andrew A1 - Felser, Claudia A1 - Boxell, Oliver T1 - Preposition copying and pruning in present-day English T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - This article investigates the nature of preposition copying and preposition pruning structures in present-day English. We begin by illustrating the two phenomena and consider how they might be accounted for in syntactic terms, and go on to explore the possibility that preposition copying and pruning arise for processing reasons. We then report on two acceptability judgement experiments examining the extent to which native speakers of English are sensitive to these types of 'error' in language comprehension. Our results indicate that preposition copying creates redundancy rather than ungrammaticality, whereas preposition pruning creates processing problems for comprehenders that may render it unacceptable in timed (but not necessarily in untimed) judgement tasks. Our findings furthermore illustrate the usefulness of combining corpus studies and experimentally elicited data for gaining a clearer picture of usage and acceptability, and the potential benefits of examining syntactic phenomena from both a theoretical and a processing perspective. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 527 KW - syntactic blends Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414898 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 527 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wojcinski, Sebastian A1 - Dupont, Jennifer A1 - Schmidt, Werner A1 - Cassel, Michael A1 - Hillemanns, Peter T1 - Real-time ultrasound elastography in 180 axillary lymph nodes BT - elasticity distribution in healthy lymph nodes and prediction of breast cancer metastases T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background To determine the general appearance of normal axillary lymph nodes (LNs) in real-time tissue sonoelastography and to explore the method′s potential value in the prediction of LN metastases. Methods Axillary LNs in healthy probands (n=165) and metastatic LNs in breast cancer patients (n=15) were examined with palpation, B-mode ultrasound, Doppler and sonoelastography (assessment of the elasticity of the cortex and the medulla). The elasticity distributions were compared and sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP) were calculated. In an exploratory analysis, positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) were calculated based upon the estimated prevalence of LN metastases in different risk groups. Results In the elastogram, the LN cortex was significantly harder than the medulla in both healthy (p=0.004) and metastatic LNs (p=0.005). Comparing healthy and metastatic LNs, there was no difference in the elasticity distribution of the medulla (p=0.281), but we found a significantly harder cortex in metastatic LNs (p=0.006). The SE of clinical examination, B-mode ultrasound, Doppler ultrasound and sonoelastography was revealed to be 13.3%, 40.0%, 14.3% and 60.0%, respectively, and SP was 88.4%, 96.8%, 95.6% and 79.6%, respectively. The highest SE was achieved by the disjunctive combination of B-mode and elastographic features (cortex >3mm in B-mode or blue cortex in the elastogram, SE=73.3%). The highest SP was achieved by the conjunctive combination of B-mode ultrasound and elastography (cortex >3mm in B-mode and blue cortex in the elastogram, SP=99.3%). Conclusions Sonoelastography is a feasible method to visualize the elasticity distribution of LNs. Moreover, sonoelastography is capable of detecting elasticity differences between the cortex and medulla, and between metastatic and healthy LNs. Therefore, sonoelastography yields additional information about axillary LN status and can improve the PPV, although this method is still experimental. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 626 KW - breast ultrasound KW - axillary lymph nodes KW - sonoelastography KW - real-time tissue elastography KW - cancer detection KW - elasticity imaging KW - HI-RTE KW - lymph node metastases Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431584 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 626 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Chmielewski, Anna K. A1 - Dumont, Hanna A1 - Trautwein, Ulrich T1 - Tracking effects depend on tracking type BT - an international comparison of students’ mathematics self-concept T2 - American educational research journal N2 - The aim of the present study was to examine how different types of tracking— between-school streaming, within-school streaming, and course-by-course tracking—shape students’ mathematics self-concept. This was done in an internationally comparative framework using data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). After controlling for individual and track mean achievement, results indicated that generally for students in course-by-course tracking, high-track students had higher mathematics self-concepts and low-track students had lower mathematics self-concepts. For students in between-school and within-school streaming, the reverse pattern was found. These findings suggest a solution to the ongoing debate about the effects of tracking on students’ academic self-concept and suggest that the reference groups to which students compare themselves differ according to the type of tracking. KW - academic self-concept KW - international comparison KW - reference groups KW - social comparison KW - tracking Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404052 VL - 50 IS - 5 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jacob, Gunnar A1 - Fleischhauer, Elisabeth A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Allomorphy and affixation in morphological processing BT - a cross-modal priming study with late bilinguals T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - This study presents results from a cross-modal priming experiment investigating inflected verb forms of German. A group of late learners of German with Russian as their native language (L1) was compared to a control group of German L1 speakers. The experiment showed different priming patterns for the two participant groups. The L1 German data yielded a stem-priming effect for inflected forms involving regular affixation and a partial priming effect for irregular forms irrespective of stem allomorphy. By contrast, the data from the late bilinguals showed reduced priming effects for both regular and irregular forms. We argue that late learners rely more on lexically stored inflected word forms during word recognition and less on morphological parsing than native speakers. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 532 KW - bilingual processing KW - morphological priming KW - second language KW - German morphology Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-415408 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 532 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ott, Susan A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Verb inflection in German-learning children with typical and atypical language acquisition BT - the impact of subsyllabic frequencies T2 - Journal of Child Language N2 - Previous research has shown that high phonotactic frequencies facilitate the production of regularly inflected verbs in English-learning children with specific language impairment (SLI) but not with typical development (TD). We asked whether this finding can be replicated for German, a language with a much more complex inflectional verb paradigm than English. Using an elicitation task, the production of inflected nonce verb forms (3 rd person singular with -t suffix) with either high- or low-frequency subsyllables was tested in sixteen German-learning children with SLI (ages 4;1–5 ;1), sixteen TD-children matched for chronological age (CA) and fourteen TD- children matched for verbal age (VA) (ages 3;0–3 ;11). The findings revealed that children with SLI, but not CA- or VA-children, showed differential performance between the two types of verbs, producing more inflectional errors when the verb forms resulted in low-frequency subsyllables than when they resulted in high-frequency subsyllables, replicating the results from English-learning children. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 530 KW - english past tense KW - phonotactic probability KW - sentence repetition KW - nonword repetition KW - speaking children KW - impairment KW - morphology KW - infants KW - speech KW - words Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-416475 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 530 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schatz, Juliane A1 - Ohlendorf, Bernd A1 - Busse, Peter A1 - Pelz, Gerrit A1 - Dolch, Dietrich A1 - Teubner, Jens A1 - Encarnacao, Jorge A. A1 - Mühle, Ralf-Udo A1 - Fischer, M. A1 - Hoffmann, Bernd A1 - Kwasnitschka, Linda A1 - Balkema-Buschmann, Anne A1 - Mettenleiter, Thomas Christoph A1 - Müller, T. A1 - Freuling, Conrad M. T1 - Twenty years of active bat rabies surveillance in Germany BT - a detailed analysis and future perspectives T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - In Germany, active bat rabies surveillance was conducted between 1993 and 2012. A total of 4546 oropharyngeal swab samples from 18 bat species were screened for the presence of EBLV-1- , EBLV-2- and BBLV-specific RNA. Overall, 0 center dot 15% of oropharyngeal swab samples tested EBLV-1 positive, with the majority originating from Eptesicus serotinus. Interestingly, out of seven RT-PCR-positive oropharyngeal swabs subjected to virus isolation, viable virus was isolated from a single serotine bat (E. serotinus). Additionally, about 1226 blood samples were tested serologically, and varying virus neutralizing antibody titres were found in at least eight different bat species. The detection of viral RNA and seroconversion in repeatedly sampled serotine bats indicates long-term circulation of the virus in a particular bat colony. The limitations of random-based active bat rabies surveillance over passive bat rabies surveillance and its possible application of targeted approaches for future research activities on bat lyssavirus dynamics and maintenance are discussed. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 533 KW - Bat rabies KW - epidemiology KW - lyssavirus KW - surveillance Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-415140 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 533 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Prot, Sara A1 - Gentile, Douglas A. A1 - Anderson, Craig A. A1 - Suzuki, Kanae A1 - Swing, Edward A1 - Lim, Kam Ming A1 - Horiuchi, Yukiko A1 - Jelic, Margareta A1 - Krahé, Barbara A1 - Liuqing, Wei A1 - Liau, Albert K. A1 - Khoo, Angeline A1 - Petrescu, Poesis Diana A1 - Sakamoto, Akira A1 - Tajima, Sachi A1 - Toma, Roxana Andreea A1 - Warburton, Wayne A1 - Zhang, Xuemin A1 - Lam, Ben Chun Pan T1 - Long-term relations among prosocial-media use, empathy, and prosocial behavior T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Despite recent growth of research on the effects of prosocial media, processes underlying these effects are not well understood. Two studies explored theoretically relevant mediators and moderators of the effects of prosocial media on helping. Study 1 examined associations among prosocial- and violent-media use, empathy, and helping in samples from seven countries. Prosocial-media use was positively associated with helping. This effect was mediated by empathy and was similar across cultures. Study 2 explored longitudinal relations among prosocial-video-game use, violent-video-game use, empathy, and helping in a large sample of Singaporean children and adolescents measured three times across 2 years. Path analyses showed significant longitudinal effects of prosocial- and violent-video-game use on prosocial behavior through empathy. Latent-growth-curve modeling for the 2-year period revealed that change in video-game use significantly affected change in helping, and that this relationship was mediated by change in empathy. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 389 KW - mass media KW - cross-cultural differences KW - social behavior KW - prosocial media KW - violent media KW - prosocial behavior KW - empathy KW - helping KW - general learning model KW - prediction Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404136 IS - 389 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Clahsen, Harald A1 - Balkhair, Loay A1 - Schutter, John-Sebastian A1 - Cunnings, Ian T1 - The time course of morphological processing in a second language T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - We report findings from psycholinguistic experiments investigating the detailed timing of processing morphologically complex words by proficient adult second (L2) language learners of English in comparison to adult native (L1) speakers of English. The first study employed the masked priming technique to investigate -ed forms with a group of advanced Arabic-speaking learners of English. The results replicate previously found L1/L2 differences in morphological priming, even though in the present experiment an extra temporal delay was offered after the presentation of the prime words. The second study examined the timing of constraints against inflected forms inside derived words in English using the eye-movement monitoring technique and an additional acceptability judgment task with highly advanced Dutch L2 learners of English in comparison to adult L1 English controls. Whilst offline the L2 learners performed native-like, the eye-movement data showed that their online processing was not affected by the morphological constraint against regular plurals inside derived words in the same way as in native speakers. Taken together, these findings indicate that L2 learners are not just slower than native speakers in processing morphologically complex words, but that the L2 comprehension system employs real-time grammatical analysis (in this case, morphological information) less than the L1 system. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 379 KW - compounds KW - derivational morphology KW - English as a seond language KW - inflectional morphology KW - late bilinguals KW - masked priming KW - morphology processing KW - past tense KW - shallow structure hypothesis Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-403684 IS - 379 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Boll-Avetisyan, Natalie A1 - Kager, René T1 - OCP-PLACE in speech segmentation T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - OCP-Place, a cross-linguistically well-attested constraint against pairs of consonants with shared [place], is psychologically real. Studies have shown that the processing of words violating OCP-Place is inhibited. Functionalists assume that OCP arises as a consequence of low-level perception: a consonant following another with the same [place] cannot be faithfully perceived as an independent unit. If functionalist theories were correct, then lexical access would be inhibited if two homorganic consonants conjoin at word boundaries-a problem that can only be solved with lexical feedback. Here, we experimentally challenge the functional account by showing that OCP-Place can be used as a speech segmentation cue during pre-lexical processing without lexical feedback, and that the use relates to distributions in the input. In Experiment 1, native listeners of Dutch located word boundaries between two labials when segmenting an artificial language. This indicates a use of OCP-Labial as a segmentation cue, implying a full perception of both labials. Experiment 2 shows that segmentation performance cannot solely be explained by well-formedness intuitions. Experiment 3 shows that knowledge of OCP-Place depends on language-specific input: in Dutch, co-occurrences of labials are under-represented, but co-occurrences of coronals are not. Accordingly, Dutch listeners fail to use OCP-Coronal for segmentation. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 386 KW - artificial language learning KW - OCP-Place KW - phonotactics KW - speech segmentation KW - pre-lexical processing Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404141 IS - 386 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaeding, Peer A1 - Böhm, Christian T1 - Prävention von Gewalt und Rechtsextremismus für Jugendliche JF - Nachhaltige Prävention von Kriminalität, Gewalt und Rechtsextremismus : Beiträge aus Wissenschaft und Praxis N2 - 1. Einleitung 2. Herausforderungen 3. Klare Grenzziehungen gegen rechtsextreme und gewaltbereite Strömungen in Schulen und Jugendeinrichtungen 4. Nachhaltige demokratiepädagogische Angebote und gewaltpräventive Projekte in Schulen und Jugendeinrichtungen verankern 5. Fazit Literatur KW - Prävention KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Gewalt KW - Kriminalität KW - Rechtsextremismus KW - prevention KW - sustainability KW - violence KW - crime KW - right-wing extremism Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-71184 SP - 145 EP - 159 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Möller, Kurt T1 - Programme gegen Rechtsextremismus BT - zwischen Projektitis und Nachhaltigkeit JF - Nachhaltige Prävention von Kriminalität, Gewalt und Rechtsextremismus : Beiträge aus Wissenschaft und Praxis N2 - 1. Einleitung 2. Rechtsextremismus – das Problem in seinen Grundzügen 3. Bundes- und Länderprogramme ‚gegen Rechts‘ 4. Rechtsextremismus und die Programme seiner Bearbeitung – eine (Zwischen-)Bilanz Literatur KW - Prävention KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Gewalt KW - Kriminalität KW - Rechtsextremismus KW - prevention KW - sustainability KW - violence KW - crime KW - right-wing extremism Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-71211 SP - 201 EP - 227 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Winter, Frank T1 - Kriminalprävention und Nachhaltigkeit BT - Resilienz und Resilienzförderung JF - Nachhaltige Prävention von Kriminalität, Gewalt und Rechtsextremismus : Beiträge aus Wissenschaft und Praxis N2 - 1. Einleitung 2. Resilienzforschung 3. Bedeutsame Merkmale resilienter Kinder 4. Die Familie als sozialer Ort möglicher Resilienzförderung 5. Programme zur Resilienzförderung 6. Die Möglichkeiten von Schule und Jugendhilfe Literatur KW - Prävention KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Gewalt KW - Kriminalität KW - Rechtsextremismus KW - prevention KW - sustainability KW - violence KW - crime KW - right-wing extremism Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-71236 SP - 247 EP - 260 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Niproschke, Saskia A1 - Schubarth, Wilfried T1 - Nachhaltige Prävention von Kriminalität, Gewalt und Rechtsextremismus BT - Einführung in die Thematik und Beispiele aus Brandenburg JF - Nachhaltige Prävention von Kriminalität, Gewalt und Rechtsextremismus : Beiträge aus Wissenschaft und Praxis N2 - 1. Einführung 2. Kriminalität, Gewalt und Rechtsextremismus: Begriffsgenese und Modell „nachhaltiger Prävention“ 2.1 Entwicklungsorientierung 2.2 Kommunale Netzwerkarbeit 2.3 Evaluation und Qualität 3. Kriminal- und Gewaltprävention im Land Brandenburg 3.1 Gewaltprävention an einer Brennpunkt-Schule am Beispiel von „Wir für uns“ 3.2 Regionale Netzwerkarbeit am Beispiel von „Mit-Ein-Ander in Kita und Schule“ 3.3 Rechtsextremismusprävention am Beispiel des Handlungskonzepts „Tolerantes Brandenburg“ 4. Folgerungen und Empfehlungen Literatur KW - Prävention KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Gewalt KW - Kriminalität KW - Rechtsextremismus KW - prevention KW - sustainability KW - violence KW - crime KW - right-wing extremism Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-71147 SP - 19 EP - 56 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Groeger-Roth, Frederick T1 - Die "Grüne Liste Prävention" BT - ein Beitrag zur nachhaltigen Kriminalprävention JF - Nachhaltige Prävention von Kriminalität, Gewalt und Rechtsextremismus : Beiträge aus Wissenschaft und Praxis N2 - 1. Einleitung 2. Ausgangslage 3. Ziele der „Grünen Liste Prävention“ 4. Aufnahmekriterien 5. Bewertungskriterien für die aufgenommenen Programme 6. Suchmöglichkeiten und Programmdarstellung 7. Ausgewählte Programme 8. Weiterentwicklung, Grenzen und Perspektiven 9. Fazit Literatur KW - Prävention KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Gewalt KW - Kriminalität KW - Rechtsextremismus KW - prevention KW - sustainability KW - violence KW - crime KW - right-wing extremism Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-71178 SP - 127 EP - 143 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dunand, Annelie T1 - Präventiver Kinderschutz JF - Nachhaltige Prävention von Kriminalität, Gewalt und Rechtsextremismus : Beiträge aus Wissenschaft und Praxis N2 - Präventiver Kinderschutz KW - Prävention KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Gewalt KW - Kriminalität KW - Rechtsextremismus KW - prevention KW - sustainability KW - violence KW - crime KW - right-wing extremism Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-71391 SP - 351 EP - 356 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Adani, Flavia A1 - Forgiarini, Matteo A1 - Guasti, Maria Teresa A1 - Van der Lely, Heather K. J. T1 - Number dissimilarities facilitate the comprehension of relative clauses in children with (Grammatical) Specific Language Impairment T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - This study investigates whether number dissimilarities on subject and object DPs facilitate the comprehension of subject-and object-extracted centre-embedded relative clauses in children with Grammatical Specific Language Impairment (G-SLI). We compared the performance of a group of English-speaking children with G-SLI (mean age: 12; 11) with that of two groups of younger typically developing (TD) children, matched on grammar and receptive vocabulary, respectively. All groups were more accurate on subject-extracted relative clauses than object-extracted ones and, crucially, they all showed greater accuracy for sentences with dissimilar number features (i.e., one singular, one plural) on the head noun and the embedded DP. These findings are interpreted in the light of current psycholinguistic models of sentence comprehension in TD children and provide further insight into the linguistic nature of G-SLI. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 525 KW - normally developing-children KW - speaking children KW - greek children KW - SLI KW - acquisition KW - english KW - intervention KW - dependencies KW - complexity KW - movement Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-415453 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 525 SP - 811 EP - 841 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Roos, Alfred T1 - Das Kreuz mit der Nachhaltigkeit BT - was wirkt denn nun dauerhaft gegen Gewalt, Rechtsextremismus und Rassismus an Schulen? JF - Nachhaltige Prävention von Kriminalität, Gewalt und Rechtsextremismus : Beiträge aus Wissenschaft und Praxis N2 - 1. Eine kritische Vorbemerkung zum Thema Nachhaltigkeit 2. Gewalt ist alltäglich – aber … 3. Was macht nun Gewaltprävention an Schulen nachhaltig? 4. Schulische Prävention in Brandenburg 5. Was verhindert Nachhaltigkeit in der Präventionsarbeit? 6. Die Prävention von Rechtsextremismus und Rassismus in Brandenburg – Was kann Gewaltprävention davon lernen? LiteraturAlfred KW - Prävention KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Gewalt KW - Kriminalität KW - Rechtsextremismus KW - prevention KW - sustainability KW - violence KW - crime KW - right-wing extremism Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-71432 SP - 391 EP - 403 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Martin, Christian A1 - Behrendt, Daniel T1 - Perspektiven für eine nachhaltige Kriminalprävention im Land Brandenburg JF - Nachhaltige Prävention von Kriminalität, Gewalt und Rechtsextremismus : Beiträge aus Wissenschaft und Praxis N2 - Perspektiven für eine nachhaltige Kriminalprävention im Land Brandenburg KW - Prävention KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Gewalt KW - Kriminalität KW - Rechtsextremismus KW - prevention KW - sustainability KW - violence KW - crime KW - right-wing extremism Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-71477 SP - 439 EP - 445 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Voigt, Jana A1 - Sturzbecher, Dietmar T1 - Entwicklung von Gewalt und Rechtsextremismus bei brandenburgische Jugendlichen und Folgerungen für eine nachhaltige Kriminalprävention JF - Nachhaltige Prävention von Kriminalität, Gewalt und Rechtsextremismus : Beiträge aus Wissenschaft und Praxis N2 - 1. Ausgangslage 2. Gewalt 2.1 Begriffsdefinition 2.2 Aktuelle Trends 2.3 Analysen zu den Ursachen von Gewalt 3. Rechtsextremismus 3.1 Begriffsdefinition 3.2 Aktuelle Trends 3.3 Analysen zu den Ursachen von Rechtsextremismus 4. Anknüpfungspunkte für die Kriminalprävention Literatur KW - Prävention KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Gewalt KW - Kriminalität KW - Rechtsextremismus KW - prevention KW - sustainability KW - violence KW - crime KW - right-wing extremism Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-71199 SP - 161 EP - 181 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Noble, Andrew T1 - Ultraschall Berlin BT - Festival für neue Musik, 2014 JF - Tempo: a quarterly review of modern music Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S004029821400014X SN - 1478-2286 VL - 68 IS - 269 SP - 76 EP - 78 PB - Cambidge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kohlstruck, Michael A1 - Rolfes, Manfred A1 - Schubarth, Wilfried T1 - "Tolerantes Brandenburg" BT - Herausforderungen einer institutionalisierten rechtsextremismusprävention auf Landesebene JF - Nachhaltige Prävention von Kriminalität, Gewalt und Rechtsextremismus : Beiträge aus Wissenschaft und Praxis N2 - 1. Einleitung 2. Kriminalitätsprävention und Rechtsextremismusprävention 3. Ausgewählte Strukturelemente des Kooperationsverbundes TBB 3.1 Aufgabendefinition zwischen Rechtsextremismusbekämpfung und Demokratieförderung 3.2 Status der landesweiten Zentralstelle 3.3 Ressortübergreifende Aufgaben im Verhältnis zu den Fachressorts 3.4 Vernetzung und Hierarchie 3.5 Verhältnis zur Zivilgesellschaft 3.6 Evaluation 4. Fazit KW - Prävention KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Gewalt KW - Kriminalität KW - Rechtsextremismus KW - prevention KW - sustainability KW - violence KW - crime KW - right-wing extremism Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-71225 SP - 229 EP - 246 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Reiterer, Susanne Maria A1 - Festman, Julia T1 - Special issue: multilingual brains BT - individual differences in bi-and multilinguals T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - keine abstracts vorhanden T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 393 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404188 IS - 393 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Völler, Heinz A1 - Gitt, Anselm A1 - Jannowitz, Christina A1 - Karoff, Marthin A1 - Karmann, Barbara A1 - Pittrow, David A1 - Reibis, Rona Katharina A1 - Hildemann, Steven T1 - Treatment patterns, risk factor control and functional capacity in patients with cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease in the cardiac rehabilitation setting T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a frequent comorbidity among elderly patients and those with cardiovascular disease. CKD carries prognostic relevance. We aimed to describe patient characteristics, risk factor management and control status of patients in cardiac rehabilitation (CR), differentiated by presence or absence of CKD. Design and methods: Data from 92,071 inpatients with adequate information to calculate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) based on the Cockcroft-Gault formula were analyzed at the beginning and the end of a 3-week CR stay. CKD was defined as estimated GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2). Results: Compared with non-CKD patients, CKD patients were significantly older (72.0 versus 58.0 years) and more often had diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and atherothrombotic manifestations (previous stroke, peripheral arterial disease), but fewer were current or previous smokers had a CHD family history. Exercise capacity was much lower in CKD (59 vs. 92Watts). Fewer patients with CKD were treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), but more had coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Patients with CKD compared with non-CKD less frequently received statins, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), clopidogrel, beta blockers, and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and more frequently received angiotensin receptor blockers, insulin and oral anticoagulants. In CKD, mean low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were slightly higher at baseline, while triglycerides were substantially lower. This lipid pattern did not change at the discharge visit, but overall control rates for all described parameters (with the exception of HDL-C) were improved substantially. At discharge, systolic blood pressure (BP) was higher in CKD (124 versus 121 mmHg) and diastolic BP was lower (72 versus 74 mmHg). At discharge, 68.7% of CKD versus 71.9% of non-CKD patients had LDL-C <100 mg/dl. Physical fitness on exercise testing improved substantially in both groups. When the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula was used for CKD classification, there was no clinically relevant change in these results. Conclusion: Within a short period of 3-4 weeks, CR led to substantial improvements in key risk factors such as lipid profile, blood pressure, and physical fitness for all patients, even if CKD was present. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 381 KW - Cardiac rehabilitation KW - registry KW - chronic kidney disease KW - glomerular filtration rate KW - dyslipidemia KW - control rates KW - risk factor KW - lipids Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404065 IS - 381 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Höhle, Barbara A1 - Hörnig, Robin A1 - Weskott, Thomas A1 - Knauf, Selene A1 - Krüger, Agnes T1 - Effects of focus and definiteness on children's word order BT - evidence from German five-year-olds' reproductions of double object constructions T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Two experiments tested how faithfully German children aged 4; 5 to 5; 6 reproduce ditransitive sentences that are unmarked or marked with respect to word order and focus (Exp1) or definiteness (Exp2). Adopting an optimality theory (OT) approach, it is assumed that in the German adult grammar word order is ranked lower than focus and definiteness. Faithfulness of children's reproductions decreased as markedness of inputs increased; unmarked structures were reproduced most faithfully and unfaithful outputs had most often an unmarked form. Consistent with the OT proposal, children were more tolerant against inputs marked for word order than for focus; in conflict with the proposal, children were less tolerant against inputs marked for word order than for definiteness. Our results suggest that the linearization of objects in German double object constructions is affected by focus and definiteness, but that prosodic principles may have an impact on the position of a focused constituent. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 511 KW - indefinite articles KW - preschool-children KW - information KW - animacy KW - acquisition KW - constraints KW - sentences KW - language KW - grammar KW - stress Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-415695 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 511 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Clahsen, Harald A1 - Fleischhauer, Elisabeth T1 - Morphological priming in child German T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Regular and irregular inflection in children's production has been examined in many previous studies. Yet, little is known about the processes involved in children's recognition of inflected words. To gain insight into how children process inflected words, the current study examines regular -t and irregular -n participles of German using the cross-modal priming technique testing 108 monolingual German-speaking children in two age groups (group I, mean age: 8;4, group II, mean age: 9;9) and a control group of.. adults. Although both age groups of children had the same full priming effect as adults for -t forms, only children of age group II showed an adult-like (partial) priming effect for -n participles. We argue that children (within the age range tested) employ the same mechanisms for regular inflection as adults but that the lexical retrieval processes required for irregular forms become more efficient when children get older. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 529 KW - inflected words KW - mental lexicon KW - acquisition norms KW - complex words KW - age KW - representation KW - english KW - participles KW - regularity KW - readers Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-415491 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 529 SP - 1305 EP - 1333 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schanzenbächer, Stefan T1 - Nachhaltige Prävention an Schulen durch die Verknüpfung von Peer Learning und konfrontativen Konflikmanagement (KKM) mit einem Partizipations- und Schulentwicklungsprozess JF - Nachhaltige Prävention von Kriminalität, Gewalt und Rechtsextremismus : Beiträge aus Wissenschaft und Praxis N2 - 1. Einleitung 2. Das Projekt Boxenstopp 3. Der Konfrontative Stil 4. Das Programm „Wir für uns“ als Verbindung von Peer Learning, Kkm und Partizipation 5. Erfolge, Herausforderungen und Grenzen 6. Ergebnisse der Wirkungsstudie 7. Und die Nachhaltigkeit? Literatur KW - Prävention KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Gewalt KW - Kriminalität KW - Rechtsextremismus KW - prevention KW - sustainability KW - violence KW - crime KW - right-wing extremism Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-71403 SP - 357 EP - 371 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kopp, Andrea A1 - Hinze, Klaus T1 - Nachhaltige Prävention durch Wirksamkeitsüberprüfung BT - Beispiele aus Brandenburg JF - Nachhaltige Prävention von Kriminalität, Gewalt und Rechtsextremismus : Beiträge aus Wissenschaft und Praxis N2 - 1. Einleitung 2. Präventionspraxis und -forschung 3. Qualitätskriterien für die Beschaffenheit von Präventionsarbeit bzw. gezielter Präventionsprojekte 4. Selbstevaluation des Projekts „Eltern-Medien-Beratung“ der Aktion Kinder- und Jugendschutz Brandenburg e. V. (AKJS) 4.1 Problemanalyse und Zielbestimmung 4.2 Zielgruppen und Methodenwahl 4.3 Ausgewählte Ergebnisse der Selbstevaluation zur Zufriedenheit der Beteiligten mit den Veranstaltungen sowie zur Wirksamkeit 5. Anforderungen an die Evaluation von Präventionsprojekten und deren Realisierung im Praxisalltag Literatur KW - Prävention KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Gewalt KW - Kriminalität KW - Rechtsextremismus KW - prevention KW - sustainability KW - violence KW - crime KW - right-wing extremism Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-71348 SP - 315 EP - 338 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seidel, Andreas A1 - Gröger, Ulli A1 - Zylla, Birgitta T1 - Nachhaltige Prävention als Herausforderung BT - ein Tagungsbericht JF - Nachhaltige Prävention von Kriminalität, Gewalt und Rechtsextremismus : Beiträge aus Wissenschaft und Praxis N2 - 1. Das Besondere der Veranstaltung 2. Nachhaltige Kriminalprävention – Erkenntnisseaus den Vorträgen und Workshops 3. Fazit und Ausblick Literatur KW - Prävention KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Gewalt KW - Kriminalität KW - Rechtsextremismus KW - prevention KW - sustainability KW - violence KW - crime KW - right-wing extremism Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-71455 SP - 407 EP - 425 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rump-Räuber, Michael T1 - Möglichkeiten und Grenzen schulischer Gewaltprävention JF - Nachhaltige Prävention von Kriminalität, Gewalt und Rechtsextremismus : Beiträge aus Wissenschaft und Praxis N2 - 1. Einleitung 2. Wer definiert die Gewalt? 3. Gewalt als Beziehungstat 4. Schulkultur und Gewaltprävention 5. Ebenen der Gewaltprävention in der Schule 6. Gewaltprävention und Schulentwicklung 7. Gewaltprävention und pädagogisches Handeln 8. Gewaltprävention und außerschulische Aktivitäten 9. Zusammenfassung Anlage: Vorschlag für ein Szenario zum Thema: Gewaltprävention und Schulentwicklung Literatur KW - Prävention KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Gewalt KW - Kriminalität KW - Rechtsextremismus KW - prevention KW - sustainability KW - violence KW - crime KW - right-wing extremism Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-71429 SP - 373 EP - 389 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lösel, Friedrich A1 - Klindworth-Mohr, Antje A1 - Madl, Martina T1 - Nachhaltige Prävention in Kindertageseinrichtungen BT - Das Programm: "Entwicklungs-Förderung in Familien Eltern- und Kinder-Training (EFFEKT) JF - Nachhaltige Prävention von Kriminalität, Gewalt und Rechtsextremismus : Beiträge aus Wissenschaft und Praxis N2 - 1. Einleitung 2. Beschreibung des Effekt®-Programms 2.1 Elterntraining 2.2 Kindertraining 2.3 Effekt®-Interkulturell 2.4 Effekt®-E 3. Evaluation der Programme 3.1 Prozessevaluation 3.2 Wirkungsevaluation 4. Effekt® in der Praxis Literatur KW - Prävention KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Gewalt KW - Kriminalität KW - Rechtsextremismus KW - prevention KW - sustainability KW - violence KW - crime KW - right-wing extremism Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-71385 SP - 339 EP - 350 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ulbricht, Juliane T1 - Kompetente Lehrpersonen als Voraussetzung für nachhaltige Gewaltprävention BT - Folgerungen für die Lehrerbildung JF - Nachhaltige Prävention von Kriminalität, Gewalt und Rechtsextremismus : Beiträge aus Wissenschaft und Praxis N2 - 1. Einführung 2. Prävention und Intervention von Gewalt als Aufgabe an Lehrpersonen 3. Empirische Befunde zum Lehrerhandeln bei Gewalt an Schulen 4. Folgerungen für die Lehrerbildung 5. Fazit Literatur KW - Prävention KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Gewalt KW - Kriminalität KW - Rechtsextremismus KW - prevention KW - sustainability KW - violence KW - crime KW - right-wing extremism Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-71465 SP - 427 EP - 438 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Breitschwerdt, Michael T1 - Nachhaltige Gewaltprävention und Entwicklungsförderung in Netzwerken aus Kita und Schule BT - ausgewählte Aspekte und Erfahrungen zum Konzept MIT-EIN-ANDER (MEA) JF - Nachhaltige Prävention von Kriminalität, Gewalt und Rechtsextremismus : Beiträge aus Wissenschaft und Praxis N2 - 1. Einleitung 2. Herausforderungen der (Gewalt-)Prävention 2.1 Prävention im kommunalen Raum 2.2 Herausforderung Vielfalt 3. Gewalt 3.1 Möglichkeiten einer Definition 3.2 Über Ursachen 4. Das Konzept Mea 4.1 Nutzung bereits evaluierter Programme 4.2 Organisationsentwicklung 5. Entwicklung von Präventionslandschaften 5.1 Von der Hierarchie zur Netzwerkarbeit 5.2 Räume einer gelingenden Sozialisation 5.2.1 Sozialräume 5.2.2 Soziale Netzwerke 6. Schlussbemerkungen Literatur KW - Prävention KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Gewalt KW - Kriminalität KW - Rechtsextremismus KW - prevention KW - sustainability KW - violence KW - crime KW - right-wing extremism Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-71302 SP - 263 EP - 313 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Guder, Petra A1 - Sonnen, Bernd-Rüdeger T1 - Nachhaltige Kriminalprävention BT - Nationale und Internationale Entwicklung JF - Nachhaltige Prävention von Kriminalität, Gewalt und Rechtsextremismus : Beiträge aus Wissenschaft und Praxis N2 - 1. Notwendigkeit nachhaltiger Kriminalprävention 2. Das 1. Jugendgerichtsgesetz (JGGÄndG) 1990 3. Das 2. JGGÄndG 2008 4. Nationale Entwicklungen 5. Internationale Entwicklungen 5.1 Prävention in Europa 5.2 Jugendkriminalprävention im europäischen Vergleich 5.2.1 European Crime Prevention Network (EUCPN) 5.2.2 WHO-Bericht zur Jugendgewaltprävention in Europa (2010) 5.3 Jugendkriminalprävention USA 5.4 Reformbestrebungen, Präventionskoordination und -initiativen in den USA 6. Implementationswissenschaft: Effekte durch Einführung nachgewiesen wirksamer Programme 7. Ausblick Literatur KW - Prävention KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Gewalt KW - Kriminalität KW - Rechtsextremismus KW - prevention KW - sustainability KW - violence KW - crime KW - right-wing extremism Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-71150 SP - 57 EP - 96 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kahl, Wolfgang T1 - Entwicklungsförderung und Gewaltprävention für junge Menschen BT - Gelingensbedingungen und Nachhaltigkeit JF - Nachhaltige Prävention von Kriminalität, Gewalt und Rechtsextremismus : Beiträge aus Wissenschaft und Praxis N2 - 1. Einleitung: … Prozesse nachhaltig gestalten? 2. Konzeptioneller Ansatz: Positive Entwicklung junger Menschen fördern 3. Impulse des DFK zur Weiterentwicklung der Gewaltprävention in Deutschland im Zeitraum 2001 bis 2011 3.1 Projekt „Primäre Prävention von Gewalt gegen Gruppenangehörige“ (2001–2006) 3.2 Unterrichtung der Ministerpräsidentenkonferenz über den Stand der Gewaltprävention sowie über zentrale Handlungserfordernisse zu ihrer nachhaltigen Gestaltung (2003–2006) 3.3 Bericht des Deutschen Jugendinstituts (DJI): Strategien der Gewaltprävention im Kindes und Jugendalter – Eine Zwischenbilanz in sechs Handlungsfeldern (2007) 3.4 Expertise „Gelingensbedingungen für die Prävention von interpersonaler Gewalt im Kindes- und Jugendalter“ (2008) 3.5 Förderung der Evaluation gewaltpräventiver Programme (seit 2009) 3.6 Kooperationsprojekt von Deutscher Bahn AG (DB), DFK und FU Berlin zur Verbreitung entwicklungsorientierter Programme (seit 2010) 3.7 Wissensmanagement zu Entwicklungsförderung und Gewaltprävention (seit 2008) 4. DFK-Projekt „Entwicklungsförderung und Gewaltprävention für jungen Menschen (E & G)“ (seit 2011) 4.1 DFK Sachverständigenrat und Leitfaden „Entwicklungsförderung und Gewaltprävention für junge Menschen“ (2012/2013) 4.2 Weitführenden Perspektiven: Memorandum „Qualität, Struktur und Kooperation fördern“ (2013) 4.3 Projektfortsetzung und Webportal „wegweiser prävention“ (2014) 5. Fazit: … und am Ende nachhaltige Prozesse? Literatur KW - Prävention KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Gewalt KW - Kriminalität KW - Rechtsextremismus KW - prevention KW - sustainability KW - violence KW - crime KW - right-wing extremism Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-71163 SP - 97 EP - 126 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kohlstruck, Michael T1 - Nachhaltige Prävention von Rechtsextremismus bei Jugendlichen in Schule und Jugendhilfe JF - Nachhaltige Prävention von Kriminalität, Gewalt und Rechtsextremismus : Beiträge aus Wissenschaft und Praxis N2 - 1. Einleitung 2. Jugendlicher Rechtsextremismus 3. Prävention und Präventionismus 4. Erfahrungsermöglichung in Schule und Jugendhilfe 5. Wissensvermittlung in Schule und Jugendhilfe 6. Jugendarbeit und Jugendsozialarbeit 7. Bildung und Förderungsauftrag ohne Problem- und Gegnerbindung Literatur KW - Prävention KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Gewalt KW - Kriminalität KW - Rechtsextremismus KW - prevention KW - sustainability KW - violence KW - crime KW - right-wing extremism Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-71201 SP - 183 EP - 199 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Klassert, Annegret A1 - Gagarina, Natalʹja Vladimirovna A1 - Kauschke, Christina T1 - Object and action naming in Russian- and German- speaking monolingual and bilingual children* T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The present study investigates the influence of word category on naming performance in two populations: bilingual and monolingual children. The question is whether and, if so, to what extent monolingual and bilingual children differ with respect to noun and verb naming and whether a noun bias exists in the lexical abilities of bilingual children. Picture naming of objects and actions by Russian-German bilingual children (aged 4-7 years) was compared to age-matched monolingual children. The results clearly demonstrate a naming deficit of bilingual children in comparison to monolingual children that increases with age. Noun learning is more fragile in bilingual contexts than is verb learning. In bilingual language acquisition, nouns do not predominate over verbs as much as is seen in monolingual German and Russian children. The results are discussed with respect to semantic-conceptual aspects and language-specific features of nouns and verbs, and the impact of input on the acquisition of these word categories. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 531 KW - lexical abilities KW - word categories KW - bilingual children Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-415415 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 531 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hustedt, Thurid A1 - Salomonsen, Heidi Houlberg T1 - Ensuring political responsiveness BT - politicization mechanisms in ministerial bureaucracies T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Although politicization is a perennial research topic in public administration to investigate relationships between ministers and civil servants, the concept still lacks clarification. This article contributes to this literature by systematically identifying different conceptualizations of politicization and suggests a typology including three politicization mechanisms to strengthen the political responsiveness of the ministerial bureaucracy: formal, functional and administrative politicization. The typology is empirically validated through a comparative case analysis of politicization mechanisms in Germany, Belgium, the UK and Denmark. The empirical analysis further refines the general idea of Western democracies becoming ‘simply’ more politicized, by illustrating how some politicization mechanisms do not continue to increase, but stabilize – at least for the time being. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 387 KW - central administration KW - ministers and civil servants KW - political advisers KW - political responsiveness KW - politicization KW - public administration Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404117 IS - 387 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Völler, Heinz A1 - Salzwedel, Annett A1 - Nitardy, Aischa A1 - Buhlert, Hermann A1 - Treszl, Andra ́s A1 - Wegscheider, Karl T1 - Effect of cardiac rehabilitation on functional and emotional status in patients after transcatheter aortic-valve implantation T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background Transcatheter aortic-valve implantation (TAVI) is an established alternative therapy in patients with severe aortic stenosis and a high surgical risk. Despite a rapid growth in its use, very few data exist about the efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in these patients. We assessed the hypothesis that patients after TAVI benefit from CR, compared to patients after surgical aortic-valve replacement (sAVR). Methods From September 2009 to August 2011, 442 consecutive patients after TAVI (n=76) or sAVR (n=366) were referred to a 3-week CR. Data regarding patient characteristics as well as changes of functional (6-min walk test. 6-MWT), bicycle exercise test), and emotional status (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) were retrospectively evaluated and compared between groups after propensity score adjustment. Results Patients after TAVI were significantly older (p<0.001), more female (p<0.001), and had more often coronary artery disease (p=0.027), renal failure (p=0.012) and a pacemaker (p=0.032). During CR, distance in 6-MWT (both groups p0.001) and exercise capacity (sAVR p0.001, TAVI p0.05) significantly increased in both groups. Only patients after sAVR demonstrated a significant reduction in anxiety and depression (p0.001). After propensity scores adjustment, changes were not significantly different between sAVR and TAVI, with the exception of 6-MWT (p=0.004). Conclusions Patients after TAVI benefit from cardiac rehabilitation despite their older age and comorbidities. CR is a helpful tool to maintain independency for daily life activities and participation in socio-cultural life. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 385 KW - Cardiac rehabilitation KW - emotional status KW - functional capacity KW - surgical aortic valve replacement (sAVR) KW - transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404100 IS - 385 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Noble, Andrew T1 - Ultraschall Berlin BT - Festival für neue Musik, 2014 T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 534 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-415117 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 534 SP - 76 EP - 78 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Heyer, Vera A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Late bilinguals see a scan in scanner AND in scandal BT - dissecting formal overlap from morphological priming in the processing of derived words T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Masked priming research with late (non-native) bilinguals has reported facilitation effects following morphologically derived prime words (scanner - scan). However, unlike for native speakers, there are suggestions that purely orthographic prime-target overlap (scandal - scan) also produces priming in non-native visual word recognition. Our study directly compares orthographically related and derived prime-target pairs. While native readers showed morphological but not formal overlap priming, the two prime types yielded the same magnitudes of facilitation for non-natives. We argue that early word recognition processes in a non-native language are more influenced by surface-form properties than in one's native language. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 507 KW - masked priming KW - late bilinguals KW - derivation KW - orthographic overlap Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414441 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 507 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kibele, Armin A1 - Classen, Claudia A1 - Mühlbauer, Thomas A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Behm, David George T1 - Metastability in plyometric training on unstable surfaces BT - a pilot study T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background In the past, plyometric training (PT) has been predominantly performed on stable surfaces. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine effects of a 7-week lower body PT on stable vs. unstable surfaces. This type of exercise condition may be denoted as metastable equilibrium. Methods Thirty-three physically active male sport science students (age: 24.1 ± 3.8 years) were randomly assigned to a PT group (n = 13) exercising on stable (STAB) and a PT group (n = 20) on unstable surfaces (INST). Both groups trained countermovement jumps, drop jumps, and practiced a hurdle jump course. In addition, high bar squats were performed. Physical fitness tests on stable surfaces (hexagonal obstacle test, countermovement jump, hurdle drop jump, left-right hop, dynamic and static balance tests, and leg extension strength) were used to examine the training effects. Results Significant main effects of time (ANOVA) were found for the countermovement jump, hurdle drop jump, hexagonal test, dynamic balance, and leg extension strength. A significant interaction of time and training mode was detected for the countermovement jump in favor of the INST group. No significant improvements were evident for either group in the left-right hop and in the static balance test. Conclusions These results show that lower body PT on unstable surfaces is a safe and efficient way to improve physical performance on stable surfaces. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 606 KW - instability resistance training KW - stretch-shortening cycle KW - physical fitness test KW - balance training Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-429013 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 606 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bondü, Rebecca A1 - Scheithauer, Herbert T1 - Leaking and death-threats by students BT - a study in German schools T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Leaking comprises observable behavior or statements that signal intentions of committing a violent offense and is considered an important warning sign for school shootings. School staff who are confronted with leaking have to assess its seriousness and react appropriately - a difficult task, because knowledge about leaking is sparse. The present study, therefore, examined how frequently leaking occurs in schools and how teachers identify leaking and respond to it. To achieve this aim, we informed teachers from eight schools in Germany about the definition of leaking and other warning signs and risk factors for school shootings in a one-hour information session. Teachers were then asked to report cases of leaking over a six- to nine-month period and to answer a questionnaire on leaking and its treatment after the information session and six to nine months later. Our results suggest that leaking is a relevant problem in German schools. Teachers mostly rated the information session positively and benefited in several aspects (e.g. reported more perceived courses of action or improved knowledge about leaking), but also expressed a constant need for support. Our findings highlight teachers' needs for further support and training and may be used in the planning of prevention measures for school shootings. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 388 KW - death-threats KW - leaking KW - prevention KW - school shooting KW - violence in schools Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404121 IS - 388 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bondü, Rebecca A1 - Beier, Sophia T1 - Two of a kind? BT - differences and similarities of attacks in schools and in institutes of higher education T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - School attacks are attracting increasing attention in aggression research. Recent systematic analyses provided new insights into offense and offender characteristics. Less is known about attacks in institutes of higher education (e.g., universities). It is therefore questionable whether the term “school attack” should be limited to institutions of general education or could be extended to institutions of higher education. Scientific literature is divided in distinguishing or unifying these two groups and reports similarities as well as differences. We researched 232 school attacks and 45 attacks in institutes of higher education throughout the world and conducted systematic comparisons between the two groups. The analyses yielded differences in offender (e.g., age, migration background) and offense characteristics (e.g., weapons, suicide rates), and some similarities (e.g., gender). Most differences can apparently be accounted for by offenders’ age and situational influences. We discuss the implications of our findings for future research and the development of preventative measures. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 391 KW - school attack KW - IHE attack KW - rampage KW - higher education KW - characteristics KW - prevention Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404199 IS - 391 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Friedel, Eva A1 - Schlagenhauf, Florian A1 - Beck, Anne A1 - Dolan, Raymond J. A1 - Huys, Quentin J. M. A1 - Rapp, Michael A. A1 - Heinz, Andreas T1 - The effects of life stress and neural learning signals on fluid intelligence T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Fluid intelligence (fluid IQ), defined as the capacity for rapid problem solving and behavioral adaptation, is known to be modulated by learning and experience. Both stressful life events (SLES) and neural correlates of learning [specifically, a key mediator of adaptive learning in the brain, namely the ventral striatal representation of prediction errors (PE)] have been shown to be associated with individual differences in fluid IQ. Here, we examine the interaction between adaptive learning signals (using a well-characterized probabilistic reversal learning task in combination with fMRI) and SLES on fluid IQ measures. We find that the correlation between ventral striatal BOLD PE and fluid IQ, which we have previously reported, is quantitatively modulated by the amount of reported SLES. Thus, after experiencing adversity, basic neuronal learning signatures appear to align more closely with a general measure of flexible learning (fluid IQ), a finding complementing studies on the effects of acute stress on learning. The results suggest that an understanding of the neurobiological correlates of trait variables like fluid IQ needs to take socioemotional influences such as chronic stress into account. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 621 KW - reinforcement learning KW - prediction error signal KW - ventral striatum KW - stress KW - intelligence Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435140 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 621 SP - 35 EP - 43 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Günther, Stephanie T1 - Krisen und Krisenbearbeitung im Referendariat T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 703 Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435532 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 703 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sekerina, Irina A. A1 - Sauermann, Antje T1 - Visual attention and quantifier-spreading in heritage Russian bilinguals T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - It is well established in language acquisition research that monolingual children and adult second language learners misinterpret sentences with the universal quantifier every and make quantifier-spreading errors that are attributed to a preference for a match in number between two sets of objects. The present Visual World eye-tracking study tested bilingual heritage Russian–English adults and investigated how they interpret of sentences like Every alligator lies in a bathtub in both languages. Participants performed a sentence–picture verification task while their eye movements were recorded. Pictures showed three pairs of alligators in bathtubs and two extra objects: elephants (Control condition), bathtubs (Overexhaustive condition), or alligators (Underexhaustive condition). Monolingual adults performed at ceiling in all conditions. Heritage language (HL) adults made 20% q-spreading errors, but only in the Overexhaustive condition, and when they made an error they spent more time looking at the two extra bathtubs during the Verb region. We attribute q-spreading in HL speakers to cognitive overload caused by the necessity to integrate conflicting sources of information, i.e. the spoken sentences in their weaker, heritage, language and attention-demanding visual context, that differed with respect to referential salience. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 404 KW - eye-tracking KW - heritage language KW - quantifier-spreading KW - Russian KW - universal quantifiers KW - visual attention Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404870 IS - 404 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thonicke, Mady A1 - Frank, Ulrike T1 - Biofeedback in der Dysphagietherapie BT - Unterstützung therapeutischer Maßnahmen durch Oberflächen-Elektromyographie (sEMG) JF - Spektrum Patholinguistik (Band 8) - Schwerpunktthema: Besonders behandeln? : Sprachtherapie im Rahmen primärer Störungsbilder KW - Patholinguistik KW - Sprachtherapie KW - geistige Behinderung KW - primär progessive Aphasie KW - patholinguistics KW - speech therapy KW - mental deficiency KW - primary progessive aphasia Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-79891 SP - 243 EP - 247 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Englert, Chris A1 - Wolff, Wanja T1 - Neuroenhancement and the strength model of self-control T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Neuroenhancement (NE), the use of substances as a means to enhance performance, has garnered considerable scientific attention of late. While ethical and epidemiological publications on the topic accumulate, there is a lack of theory-driven psychological research that aims at understanding psychological drivers of NE. In this perspective article we argue that self-control strength offers a promising theory-based approach to further understand and investigate NE behavior. Using the strength model of self-control, we derive two theory-driven perspectives on NE-self-control research. First, we propose that individual differences in state/trait self-control strength differentially affect NE behavior based on one's individual experience of NE use. Building upon this, we outline promising research questions that (will) further elucidate our understanding of NE based on the strength model's propositions. Second, we discuss evidence indicating that popular NE substances (like Methylphenidate) may counteract imminent losses of self-control strength. We outline how further research on NE's effects on the ego-depletion effect may further broaden our understanding of the strength model of self-control. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 424 KW - ego depletion KW - neuroenhancement KW - self-control KW - self-regulation Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406312 IS - 424 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Shaki, Samuel A1 - Fischer, Martin H. T1 - Newborn chicks need no number tricks BT - Commentary: Number-space mapping in the newborn chick resembles humans' mental number line T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - kein Abstract T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 414 KW - mental number line KW - innate number sense KW - numerical cognition KW - spatial cognition KW - spatial numerical associations Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406425 IS - 414 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wolff, Wanja A1 - Schindler, Sebastian A1 - Brand, Ralf T1 - The effect of implicitly incentivized faking on explicit and implicit measures of doping attitude BT - when athletes want to pretend an even more negative attitude to doping T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The Implicit Association Test (IAT) aims to measure participants' automatic evaluation of an attitude object and is useful especially for the measurement of attitudes related to socially sensitive subjects, e.g. doping in sports. Several studies indicate that IAT scores can be faked on instruction. But fully or semi-instructed research scenarios might not properly reflect what happens in more realistic situations, when participants secretly decide to try faking the test. The present study is the first to investigate IAT faking when there is only an implicit incentive to do so. Sixty-five athletes (22.83 years +/- 2.45; 25 women) were randomly assigned to an incentive-to-fake condition or a control condition. Participants in the incentive-to-fake condition were manipulated to believe that athletes with lenient doping attitudes would be referred to a tedious 45-minute anti-doping program. Attitudes were measured with the pictorial doping brief IAT (BIAT) and with the Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale (PEAS). A one-way MANOVA revealed significant differences between conditions after the manipulation in PEAS scores, but not in the doping BIAT. In the light of our hypothesis this suggests that participants successfully faked an exceedingly negative attitude to doping when completing the PEAS, but were unsuccessful in doing so on the reaction time-based test. This study assessed BIAT faking in a setting that aimed to resemble a situation in which participants want to hide their attempts to cheat. The two measures of attitude were differentially affected by the implicit incentive. Our findings provide evidence that the pictorial doping BIAT is relatively robust against spontaneous and naive faking attempts. (B) IATs might be less prone to faking than implied by previous studies. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 524 KW - symptom validity tests KW - association test KW - predictive-validity KW - social cognition KW - performance KW - metaanalysis KW - IAT Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409854 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 524 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Moser, Othmar A1 - Tschakert, Gerhard A1 - Mueller, Alexander A1 - Groeschl, Werner A1 - Pieber, Thomas R. A1 - Obermayer-Pietsch, Barbara A1 - Koehler, Gerd A1 - Hofmann, Peter T1 - Effects of high-intensity interval exercise versus moderate continuous exercise on glucose homeostasis and hormone response in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus using novel ultra-long-acting insulin T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Introduction We investigated blood glucose (BG) and hormone response to aerobic high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate continuous exercise (CON) matched for mean load and duration in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Material and Methods Seven trained male subjects with T1DM performed a maximal incremental exercise test and HIIE and CON at 3 different mean intensities below (A) and above (B) the first lactate turn point and below the second lactate turn point (C) on a cycle ergometer. Subjects were adjusted to ultra-long-acting insulin Degludec (Tresiba/Novo Nordisk, Denmark). Before exercise, standardized meals were administered, and short-acting insulin dose was reduced by 25% (A), 50% (B), and 75% (C) dependent on mean exercise intensity. During exercise, BG, adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine, cortisol, glucagon, and insulin-like growth factor-1, blood lactate, heart rate, and gas exchange variables were measured. For 24 h after exercise, interstitial glucose was measured by continuous glucose monitoring system. Results BG decrease during HIIE was significantly smaller for B (p = 0.024) and tended to be smaller for A and C compared to CON. No differences were found for post-exercise interstitial glucose, acute hormone response, and carbohydrate utilization between HIIE and CON for A, B, and C. In HIIE, blood lactate for A (p = 0.006) and B (p = 0.004) and respiratory exchange ratio for A (p = 0.003) and B (p = 0.003) were significantly higher compared to CON but not for C. Conclusion Hypoglycemia did not occur during or after HIIE and CON when using ultra-long-acting insulin and applying our methodological approach for exercise prescription. HIIE led to a smaller BG decrease compared to CON, although both exercises modes were matched for mean load and duration, even despite markedly higher peak workloads applied in HIIE. Therefore, HIIE and CON could be safely performed in T1DM. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 497 KW - target heart-rate KW - failure KW - recommendations KW - hypoglycemia KW - individuals KW - performance KW - risk Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408342 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 497 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kügler, Frank A1 - Gollrad, Anja T1 - Production and perception of contrast BT - the case of the rise-fall contour in German T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - This study investigates the phonetics of German nuclear rise-fall contours in relation to contexts that trigger either a contrastive or a non-contrastive interpretation in the answer. A rise-fall contour can be conceived of a tonal sequence of L-H-L. A production study elicited target sentences in contrastive and non-contrastive contexts. The majority of cases realized showed a nuclear rise-fall contour. The acoustic analysis of these contours revealed a significant effect of contrastiveness on the height/alignment of the accent peak as a function of focus context. On the other hand, the height/alignment of the low turning point at the beginning of the rise did not show an effect of contrastiveness. In a series of semantic congruency perception tests participants judged the congruency of congruent and incongruent context-stimulus pairs based on three different sets of stimuli: (i) original data, (ii) manipulation of accent peak, and (iii) manipulation of the leading low. Listeners distinguished nuclear rise-fall contours as a function of focus context (Experiment 1 and 2), however not based on manipulations of the leading low (Experiment 3). The results suggest that the alignment and scaling of the accentual peak are sufficient to license a contrastive interpretation of a nuclear rise-fall contour, leaving the rising part as a phonetic onglide, or as a low tone that does not interact with the contrastivity of the context. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 413 KW - production of contrast KW - perception of contrast KW - semantic-congruency task KW - rise-fall contour KW - German intonation Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406469 IS - 413 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hartmann, Matthias A1 - Mast, Fred W. A1 - Fischer, Martin H. T1 - Spatial biases during mental arithmetic BT - evidence from eye movements on a blank screen T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - While the influence of spatial-numerical associations in number categorization tasks has been well established, their role in mental arithmetic is less clear. It has been hypothesized that mental addition leads to rightward and upward shifts of spatial attention (along the "mental number line"), whereas subtraction leads to leftward and downward shifts. We addressed this hypothesis by analyzing spontaneous eye movements during mental arithmetic. Participants solved verbally presented arithmetic problems (e.g., 2 + 7, 8-3) aloud while looking at a blank screen. We found that eye movements reflected spatial biases in the ongoing mental operation: Gaze position shifted more upward when participants solved addition compared to subtraction problems, and the horizontal gaze position was partly determined by the magnitude of the operands. Interestingly, the difference between addition and subtraction trials was driven by the operator (plus vs. minus) but was not influenced by the computational process. Thus, our results do not support the idea of a mental movement toward the solution during arithmetic but indicate a semantic association between operation and space. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 426 KW - mental arithmetic KW - eye movements KW - mental number line KW - operational momentum KW - embodied cognition KW - grounded cognition Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406504 IS - 426 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fischer, Martin H. A1 - Shaki, Samuel T1 - Two steps to space for numbers T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 412 KW - spatial-nunmerical association KW - SNARC KW - mental number line KW - numerical cognition KW - spatial cognition Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406522 IS - 412 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schindler, Sebastian A1 - Wolff, Wanja A1 - Kissler, Johanna M. A1 - Brand, Ralf T1 - Cerebral correlates of faking BT - evidence from a brief implicit association test on doping attitudes T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Direct assessment of attitudes toward socially sensitive topics can be affected by deception attempts. Reaction-time based indirect measures, such as the Implicit Association Test (IAT), are less susceptible to such biases. Neuroscientific evidence shows that deception can evoke characteristic ERP differences. However, the cerebral processes involved in faking an IAT are still unknown. We randomly assigned 20 university students (15 females, 24.65 +/- 3.50 years of age) to a counterbalanced repeated-measurements design, requesting them to complete a Brief-IAT (BIAT) on attitudes toward doping without deception instruction, and with the instruction to fake positive and negative doping attitudes. Cerebral activity during BIAT completion was assessed using high-density EEG. Event-related potentials during faking revealed enhanced frontal and reduced occipital negativity, starting around 150 ms after stimulus presentation. Further, a decrease in the P300 and LPP components was observed. Source analyses showed enhanced activity in the right inferior frontal gyrus between 150 and 200 ms during faking, thought to reflect the suppression of automatic responses. Further, more activity was found for faking in the bilateral middle occipital gyri and the bilateral temporoparietal junction. Results indicate that faking reaction-time based tests alter brain processes from early stages of processing and reveal the cortical sources of the effects. Analyzing the EEG helps to uncover response patterns in indirect attitude tests and broadens our understanding of the neural processes involved in such faking. This knowledge might be useful for uncovering faking in socially sensitive contexts, where attitudes are likely to be concealed. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 419 KW - EEG/ERP KW - implicit association test (IAT) KW - faking KW - deception KW - indirect tests KW - anti-doping KW - right inferior frontal gyrus Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406251 IS - 419 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fischer, Martin H. A1 - Sixtus, Elena A1 - Göbel, Silke M. T1 - Commentary BT - a pointer about grasping numbers T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - kein Abstract vorhanden T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 420 KW - numerical cognition KW - embodied cognition KW - gestures KW - numeracy training KW - mathematical cognition Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406260 IS - 420 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schindler, Sebastian A1 - Wolff, Wanja T1 - Cerebral correlates of automatic associations towards performance enhancing substances T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - kein abstract vorh. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 421 KW - EEG/ERP KW - anti-doping KW - attitudes KW - Implicit Association Test (IAT) KW - indirect tests KW - substance abuse KW - Neuroenhancement (NE) Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406279 IS - 421 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schindler, Sebastian A1 - Wolff, Wanja A1 - Kissler, Johanna M. A1 - Brand, Ralf T1 - Cerebral correlates of faking BT - evidence from a brief implicit association test on doping attitudes JF - Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience N2 - Direct assessment of attitudes toward socially sensitive topics can be affected by deception attempts. Reaction-time based indirect measures, such as the Implicit Association Test (IAT), are less susceptible to such biases. Neuroscientific evidence shows that deception can evoke characteristic ERP differences. However, the cerebral processes involved in faking an IAT are still unknown. We randomly assigned 20 university students (15 females, 24.65 +/- 3.50 years of age) to a counterbalanced repeated-measurements design, requesting them to complete a Brief-IAT (BIAT) on attitudes toward doping without deception instruction, and with the instruction to fake positive and negative doping attitudes. Cerebral activity during BIAT completion was assessed using high-density EEG. Event-related potentials during faking revealed enhanced frontal and reduced occipital negativity, starting around 150 ms after stimulus presentation. Further, a decrease in the P300 and LPP components was observed. Source analyses showed enhanced activity in the right inferior frontal gyrus between 150 and 200 ms during faking, thought to reflect the suppression of automatic responses. Further, more activity was found for faking in the bilateral middle occipital gyri and the bilateral temporoparietal junction. Results indicate that faking reaction-time based tests alter brain processes from early stages of processing and reveal the cortical sources of the effects. Analyzing the EEG helps to uncover response patterns in indirect attitude tests and broadens our understanding of the neural processes involved in such faking. This knowledge might be useful for uncovering faking in socially sensitive contexts, where attitudes are likely to be concealed. KW - EEG/ERP KW - implicit association test (IAT) KW - faking KW - deception KW - indirect tests KW - anti-doping KW - right inferior frontal gyrus Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00139 SN - 1662-5153 VL - 9 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Moser, Othmar A1 - Tschakert, Gerhard A1 - Müller, Alexander A1 - Groeschl, Werner A1 - Pieber, Thomas R. A1 - Obermayer-Pietsch, Barbara A1 - Koehler, Gerd A1 - Hofmann, Peter T1 - Exercise versus Moderate Continuous Exercise on Glucose Homeostasis and Hormone Response in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Using Novel Ultra-Long-Acting Insulin JF - PLoS one N2 - Introduction We investigated blood glucose (BG) and hormone response to aerobic high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate continuous exercise (CON) matched for mean load and duration in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Material and Methods Seven trained male subjects with T1DM performed a maximal incremental exercise test and HIIE and CON at 3 different mean intensities below (A) and above (B) the first lactate turn point and below the second lactate turn point (C) on a cycle ergometer. Subjects were adjusted to ultra-long-acting insulin Degludec (Tresiba/ Novo Nordisk, Denmark). Before exercise, standardized meals were administered, and short-acting insulin dose was reduced by 25% (A), 50% (B), and 75% (C) dependent on mean exercise intensity. During exercise, BG, adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine, cortisol, glucagon, and insulin-like growth factor-1, blood lactate, heart rate, and gas exchange variables were measured. For 24 h after exercise, interstitial glucose was measured by continuous glucose monitoring system. Results BG decrease during HIIE was significantly smaller for B (p = 0.024) and tended to be smaller for A and C compared to CON. No differences were found for post-exercise interstitial glucose, acute hormone response, and carbohydrate utilization between HIIE and CON for A, B, and C. In HIIE, blood lactate for A (p = 0.006) and B (p = 0.004) and respiratory exchange ratio for A (p = 0.003) and B (p = 0.003) were significantly higher compared to CON but not for C. Conclusion Hypoglycemia did not occur during or after HIIE and CON when using ultra-long-acting insulin and applying our methodological approach for exercise prescription. HIIE led to a smaller BG decrease compared to CON, although both exercises modes were matched for mean load and duration, even despite markedly higher peak workloads applied in HIIE. Therefore, HIIE and CON could be safely performed in T1DM. KW - Insulin KW - Exercise KW - Glucose KW - Hypoglycemia KW - Carbohydrates KW - Blood KW - Blood sugar KW - Heart rate Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136489 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 10 IS - 8 PB - Public Library of Science CY - Lawrence ER - TY - GEN A1 - Moser, Othmar A1 - Tschakert, Gerhard A1 - Müller, Alexander A1 - Groeschl, Werner A1 - Pieber, Thomas R. A1 - Obermayer-Pietsch, Barbara A1 - Koehler, Gerd A1 - Hofmann, Peter T1 - Exercise versus Moderate Continuous Exercise on Glucose Homeostasis and Hormone Response in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Using Novel Ultra-Long-Acting Insulin N2 - Introduction We investigated blood glucose (BG) and hormone response to aerobic high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate continuous exercise (CON) matched for mean load and duration in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Material and Methods Seven trained male subjects with T1DM performed a maximal incremental exercise test and HIIE and CON at 3 different mean intensities below (A) and above (B) the first lactate turn point and below the second lactate turn point (C) on a cycle ergometer. Subjects were adjusted to ultra-long-acting insulin Degludec (Tresiba/ Novo Nordisk, Denmark). Before exercise, standardized meals were administered, and short-acting insulin dose was reduced by 25% (A), 50% (B), and 75% (C) dependent on mean exercise intensity. During exercise, BG, adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine, cortisol, glucagon, and insulin-like growth factor-1, blood lactate, heart rate, and gas exchange variables were measured. For 24 h after exercise, interstitial glucose was measured by continuous glucose monitoring system. Results BG decrease during HIIE was significantly smaller for B (p = 0.024) and tended to be smaller for A and C compared to CON. No differences were found for post-exercise interstitial glucose, acute hormone response, and carbohydrate utilization between HIIE and CON for A, B, and C. In HIIE, blood lactate for A (p = 0.006) and B (p = 0.004) and respiratory exchange ratio for A (p = 0.003) and B (p = 0.003) were significantly higher compared to CON but not for C. Conclusion Hypoglycemia did not occur during or after HIIE and CON when using ultra-long-acting insulin and applying our methodological approach for exercise prescription. HIIE led to a smaller BG decrease compared to CON, although both exercises modes were matched for mean load and duration, even despite markedly higher peak workloads applied in HIIE. Therefore, HIIE and CON could be safely performed in T1DM. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 203 KW - Blood KW - Blood sugar KW - Carbohydrates KW - Exercise KW - Glucose KW - Heart rate KW - Hypoglycemia KW - Insulin Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-82479 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Petrov, Veselin A1 - Hille, Jacques A1 - Müller-Röber, Bernd A1 - Gechev, Tsanko S. T1 - ROS-mediated abiotic stress-induced programmed cell death in plants T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - During the course of their ontogenesis plants are continuously exposed to a large variety of abiotic stress factors which can damage tissues and jeopardize the survival of the organism unless properly countered. While animals can simply escape and thus evade stressors, plants as sessile organisms have developed complex strategies to withstand them. When the intensity of a detrimental factor is high, one of the defense programs employed by plants is the induction of programmed cell death (PCD). This is an active, genetically controlled process which is initiated to isolate and remove damaged tissues thereby ensuring the survival of the organism. The mechanism of PCD induction usually includes an increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are utilized as mediators of the stress signal. Abiotic stress-induced PCD is not only a process of fundamental biological importance, but also of considerable interest to agricultural practice as it has the potential to significantly influence crop yield. Therefore, numerous scientific enterprises have focused on elucidating the mechanisms leading to and controlling PCD in response to adverse conditions in plants. This knowledge may help develop novel strategies to obtain more resilient crop varieties with improved tolerance and enhanced productivity. The aim of the present review is to summarize the recent advances in research on ROS-induced PCD related to abiotic stress and the role of the organelles in the process. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 425 KW - abiotic stress KW - programmed cell death KW - reactive oxygen species KW - signal transduction KW - stress adaptation Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406481 IS - 425 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kentner, Gerrit A1 - Vasishth, Shravan T1 - Prosodic focus marking in silent reading BT - effects of discourse context and rhythm T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Understanding a sentence and integrating it into the discourse depends upon the identification of its focus, which, in spoken German, is marked by accentuation. In the case of written language, which lacks explicit cues to accent, readers have to draw on other kinds of information to determine the focus. We study the joint or interactive effects of two kinds of information that have no direct representation in print but have each been shown to be influential in the reader's text comprehension: (i) the (low-level) rhythmic-prosodic structure that is based on the distribution of lexically stressed syllables, and (ii) the (high-level) discourse context that is grounded in the memory of previous linguistic content. Systematically manipulating these factors, we examine the way readers resolve a syntactic ambiguity involving the scopally ambiguous focus operator auch (engl. "too") in both oral (Experiment 1) and silent reading (Experiment 2). The results of both experiments attest that discourse context and local linguistic rhythm conspire to guide the syntactic and, concomitantly, the focus-structural analysis of ambiguous sentences. We argue that reading comprehension requires the (implicit) assignment of accents according to the focus structure and that, by establishing a prominence profile, the implicit prosodic rhythm directly affects accent assignment. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 467 KW - linguistic rhythm KW - focus KW - accent KW - reading KW - implicit prosody KW - syntactic parsing KW - sentence comprehension KW - eye tracking Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-407976 IS - 467 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vasishth, Shravan A1 - Kentner, Gerrit ED - Crocker, Matthew W. T1 - Prosodic focus marking in silent reading BT - effects of discourse context and rhythm JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Understanding a sentence and integrating it into the discourse depends upon the identification of its focus, which, in spoken German, is marked by accentuation. In the case of written language, which lacks explicit cues to accent, readers have to draw on other kinds of information to determine the focus. We study the joint or interactive effects of two kinds of information that have no direct representation in print but have each been shown to be influential in the reader’s text comprehension: (i) the (low-level)rhythmic-prosodic structure that is based on the distribution of lexically stressed syllables, and (ii) the (high-level) discourse context that is grounded in the memory of previous linguistic content. Systematically manipulating these factors, we examine the way readers resolve a syntactic ambiguity involving the scopally ambiguous focus operator auch (engl. “too”) in both oral (Experiment 1) and silent reading (Experiment 2). The results of both experiments attest that discourse context and local linguistic rhythm conspire to guide the syntactic and, oncomitantly, the focus-structural analysis of ambiguous sentences. We argue that reading comprehension requires the (implicit) assignment of accents according to the focus structure and that, by establishing a prominence profile, the implicit prosodic rhythm directly affects accent assignment. KW - linguistic rhythm KW - eye tracking KW - sentence comprehension KW - syntactic parsing KW - implicit prosody Y1 - 2016 UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00319/full U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00319 VL - 2016 IS - 7 SP - 1 EP - 19 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rohlf, Helena L. A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Assessing anger regulation in middle childhood BT - development and validation of a behavioral observation measure T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - An observational measure of anger regulation in middle childhood was developed that facilitated the in situ assessment of five maladaptive regulation strategies in response to an anger-eliciting task. 599 children aged 6-10 years (M = 8.12, SD = 0.92) participated in the study. Construct validity of the measure was examined through correlations with parent- and self-reports of anger regulation and anger reactivity. Criterion validity was established through links with teacher-rated aggression and social rejection measured by parent-, teacher-, and self-reports. The observational measure correlated significantly with parent- and self-reports of anger reactivity, whereas it was unrelated to parent- and self-reports of anger regulation. It also made a unique contribution to predicting aggression and social rejection. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 407 KW - anger regulation KW - middle childhood KW - behavioral observation KW - aggression KW - social rejection Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406241 IS - 407 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Busching, Robert A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - The girls set the tone BT - gendered classroom norms and the development of aggression in adolescence T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - In a four-wave longitudinal study with N = 1,321 adolescents in Germany, we examined the impact of class-level normative beliefs about aggression on aggressive norms and behavior at the individual level over the course of 3 years. At each data wave, participants indicated their normative acceptance of aggressive behavior and provided self-reports of physical and relational aggression. Multilevel analyses revealed significant cross-level interactions between class-level and individual-level normative beliefs at T1 on individual differences in physical aggression at T2, and the indirect interactive effects were significant up to T4. Normative approval of aggression at the class level, especially girls’ normative beliefs, defined the boundary conditions for the expression of individual differences in aggressive norms and their impact on physically and relationally aggressive behavior for both girls and boys. The findings demonstrate the moderating effect of social norms on the pathways from individual normative beliefs to aggressive behavior in adolescence. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 401 KW - aggression KW - normative beliefs KW - adolescence KW - class-level effects KW - multilevel modelling Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404831 IS - 401 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hartmann, Tilo A1 - Möller, Ingrid A1 - Krause, Christina T1 - Factors underlying male and female use of violent video games T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Research has consistently shown that males play violent video games more frequently than females, but factors underlying this gender gap have not been examined to date. This approach examines the assumption that males play violent video games more because they anticipate more enjoyment and less guilt from engaging in virtual violence than females. This may be because males are less empathetic, tend to morally justify physical violence more and have a greater need for sensation and aggression in video game play than females. Results of a path model based on survey data of 444 respondents and using multi-step multiple mediation analyses confirm these assumptions. Taken together, the findings of this study shed further light on the gender gap in violent video game use. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 394 KW - emotions KW - enjoyment KW - gender KW - guilt KW - media choice KW - media use KW - moral disengagement KW - selective exposure KW - video games KW - violence Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404513 IS - 394 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tetzner, Julia A1 - Becker, Michael T1 - How being an optimist makes a difference BT - the protective role of optimism in adolescents’ adjustment to parental separation T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - This longitudinal study of N = 1,566 adolescents investigated the protective role of optimism in adjustment to parental separation, focusing on two salient challenges faced by adolescents, namely academic achievement and self-esteem. Based on latent change models, the results indicated associations between parental separation and short-term declines in academic achievement as well as short-term and longer term declines in self-esteem. Although optimism in general showed positive associations with academic achievement and self-esteem, its role as a protective factor proved to be particularly important for academic achievement in adjustment following parental separation. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 396 KW - parental separation KW - optimism KW - academic achievement KW - self-esteem KW - longitudinal study Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404537 IS - 396 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hüttges, Annett A1 - Fay, Doris T1 - The gender-differential impact of work values on prospects in research careers T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Women are strongly underrepresented at top positions in research, with some research suggesting the postdoctoral career stage is a critical stage for female researchers. Drawing on role congruity theory and social cognitive career theory, we tested the gender-differential impact of work values (extrinsic rewards-oriented work values and work-life balance values) on subjective career success and supports from supervisors (leader-member exchange) and team members. We conducted an online survey with male and female postdoctoral scientists (N = 258). As hypothesized, the positive relationship between extrinsic rewards-oriented work values and subjective career success and supports was stronger for male researchers than for female researchers. Results on work-life balance values were less conclusive. These findings support the idea that gendered appraisal processes may affect career-relevant outcomes. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 402 KW - gender KW - work values KW - career success KW - supervisor support KW - team support KW - gender differences KW - role congruity theory KW - social cognitive career theory Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404843 IS - 402 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Skobel, Erik A1 - Kamke, Wolfram A1 - Bönner, Gerd A1 - Alt, Bernd A1 - Purucker, Hans-Christian A1 - Schwaab, Bernhard A1 - Einwang, Hans-Peter A1 - Schröder, Klaus A1 - Langheim, Eike A1 - Völler, Heinz A1 - Brandenburg, Alexandra A1 - Graml, Andrea A1 - Woehrle, Holger A1 - Krüger, Stefan T1 - Risk factors for, and prevalence of, sleep apnoea in cardiac rehabilitation facilities in Germany BT - the Reha-Sleep registry T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Aim To determine the prevalence of, and the risk factors for, sleep apnoea in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) facilities in Germany. Methods 1152 patients presenting for CR were screened for sleep-disordered breathing with 2-channel polygraphy (ApneaLink; ResMed). Parameters recorded included the apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI), number of desaturations per hour of recording (ODI), mean and minimum nocturnal oxygen saturation and number of snoring episodes. Patients rated subjective sleep quality on a scale from 1 (poor) to 10 (best) and completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Results Clinically significant sleep apnoea (AHI 15/h) was documented in 33% of patients. Mean AHI was 1416/h (range 0-106/h). Sleep apnoea was defined as being of moderate severity in 18% of patients (AHI 15-29/h) and severe in 15% (AHI 30/h). There were small, but statistically significant, differences in ESS score and subjective sleep quality between patients with and without sleep apnoea. Logistic regression model analysis identified the following as risk factors for sleep apnoea in CR patients: age (per 10 years) (odds ratio (OR) 1.51; p<0.001), body mass index (per 5 units) (OR 1.31; p=0.001), male gender (OR 2.19; p<0.001), type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR 1.45; p=0.040), haemoglobin level (OR 0.91; p=0.012) and witnessed apnoeas (OR 1.99; p<0.001). Conclusions The findings of this study indicate that more than one-third of patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation in Germany have sleep apnoea, with one-third having moderate-to-severe SDB that requires further evaluation or intervention. Inclusion of sleep apnoea screening as part of cardiac rehabilitation appears to be appropriate. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 400 KW - cardiac rehabilitation KW - sleep apnoea KW - sleep-disordered breathing Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404814 IS - 400 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kügler, Frank T1 - Phonological phrasing and ATR vowel harmony in Akan T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - This paper examines phonological phrasing in the Kwa language Akan. Regressive [+ATR] vowel harmony between words (RVH) serves as a hitherto unreported diagnostic of phonological phrasing. In this paper I discuss VP-internal and NP-internal structures, as well as SVO(O) and serial verb constructions. RVH is a general process in Akan grammar, although it is blocked in certain contexts. The analysis of phonological phrasing relies on universal syntax-phonology mapping constraints whereby lexically headed syntactic phrases are mapped onto phonological phrases. Blocking contexts call for a domain-sensitive analysis of RVH assuming recursive prosodic structure which makes reference to maximal and non-maximal phonological phrases. It is proposed (i) that phonological phrase structure is isomorphic to syntactic structure in Akan, and (ii) that the process of RVH is blocked at the edge of a maximal phonological phrase; this is formulated in terms of a domain-sensitive CrispEdge constraint. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 456 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414172 IS - 456 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Abutalebi, Jubin A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Bilingualism, cognition, and aging T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Extract: Topics in psycholinguistics and the neurocognition of language rarely attract the attention of journalists or the general public. One topic that has done so, however, is the potential benefits of bilingualism for general cognitive functioning and development, and as a precaution against cognitive decline in old age. Sensational claims have been made in the public domain, mostly by journalists and politicians. Recently (September 4, 2014) The Guardian reported that “learning a foreign language can increase the size of your brain”, and Michael Gove, the UK's previous Education Secretary, noted in an interview with The Guardian (September 30, 2011) that “learning languages makes you smarter”. The present issue of BLC addresses these topics by providing a state-of-the-art overview of theoretical and experimental research on the role of bilingualism for cognition in children and adults. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 508 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414730 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 508 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Shaw, Jason A. A1 - Gafos, Adamantios I. T1 - Stochastic time models of syllable structure T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Drawing on phonology research within the generative linguistics tradition, stochastic methods, and notions from complex systems, we develop a modelling paradigm linking phonological structure, expressed in terms of syllables, to speech movement data acquired with 3D electromagnetic articulography and X-ray microbeam methods. The essential variable in the models is syllable structure. When mapped to discrete coordination topologies, syllabic organization imposes systematic patterns of variability on the temporal dynamics of speech articulation. We simulated these dynamics under different syllabic parses and evaluated simulations against experimental data from Arabic and English, two languages claimed to parse similar strings of segments into different syllabic structures. Model simulations replicated several key experimental results, including the fallibility of past phonetic heuristics for syllable structure, and exposed the range of conditions under which such heuristics remain valid. More importantly, the modelling approach consistently diagnosed syllable structure proving resilient to multiple sources of variability in experimental data including measurement variability, speaker variability, and contextual variability. Prospects for extensions of our modelling paradigm to acoustic data are also discussed. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 514 KW - speech production KW - temporal organization KW - complex onsets KW - english KW - cues KW - perception KW - syllabication KW - articulation KW - categories KW - phonology Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-409815 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 514 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Sexual aggression victimization and perpetration among female and male university students in Poland T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - This study examined the prevalence of victimization and perpetration of sexual aggression since age 15 in a convenience sample of 565 Polish university students (356 females). The prevalence of sexual aggression was investigated for both males and females from the perspectives of both victims and perpetrators in relation to three coercive strategies, three different victim–perpetrator relationships, and four types of sexual acts. We also examined the extent to which alcohol was consumed in the context of sexually aggressive incidents. The overall self-reported victimization rate was 34.3% for females and 28.4% for males. The overall perpetration rate was 11.7% for males and 6.5% for females. The gender difference was significant only for perpetration. Prevalence rates of both victimization and perpetration were higher for people known to each other than for strangers. In the majority of victimization and perpetration incidents, alcohol was consumed by one or both parties involved. The findings are discussed in relation to the international evidence and the need for tailored risk prevention and reduction programs. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 399 KW - sexual aggression KW - victimization KW - perpetration KW - alcohol KW - Poland Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404807 IS - 399 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hortobágyi, Tibor A1 - Lesinski, Melanie A1 - Fernandez‐del‐Olmo, Miguel A1 - Granacher, Urs T1 - Small and inconsistent effects of whole body vibration on athletic performance BT - a systematic review and meta-analysis T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Purpose We quantified the acute and chronic effects of whole body vibration on athletic performance or its proxy measures in competitive and/or elite athletes. Methods Systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Results Whole body vibration combined with exercise had an overall 0.3 % acute effect on maximal voluntary leg force (−6.4 %, effect size = −0.43, 1 study), leg power (4.7 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.30, 6 studies), flexibility (4.6 %, effect size = −0.12 to 0.22, 2 studies), and athletic performance (−1.9 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.26, 6 studies) in 191 (103 male, 88 female) athletes representing eight sports (overall effect size = 0.28). Whole body vibration combined with exercise had an overall 10.2 % chronic effect on maximal voluntary leg force (14.6 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.44, 5 studies), leg power (10.7 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.42, 9 studies), flexibility (16.5 %, effect size = 0.57 to 0.61, 2 studies), and athletic performance (−1.2 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.45, 5 studies) in 437 (169 male, 268 female) athletes (overall effect size = 0.44). Conclusions Whole body vibration has small and inconsistent acute and chronic effects on athletic performance in competitive and/or elite athletes. These findings lead to the hypothesis that neuromuscular adaptive processes following whole body vibration are not specific enough to enhance athletic performance. Thus, other types of exercise programs (e.g., resistance training) are recommended if the goal is to improve athletic performance. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 627 KW - exercise KW - muscle KW - force KW - power KW - skill KW - reflex KW - endocrine KW - metabolism Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431993 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 627 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina A1 - Krahé, Barbara T1 - Sexual aggression victimization and perpetration among female and male university students in Poland JF - Journal of Interpersonal Violence N2 - This study examined the prevalence of victimization and perpetration of sexual aggression since age 15 in a convenience sample of 565 Polish university students (356 females). The prevalence of sexual aggression was investigated for both males and females from the perspectives of both victims and perpetrators in relation to three coercive strategies, three different victim–perpetrator relationships, and four types of sexual acts. We also examined the extent to which alcohol was consumed in the context of sexually aggressive incidents. The overall self-reported victimization rate was 34.3% for females and 28.4% for males. The overall perpetration rate was 11.7% for males and 6.5% for females. The gender difference was significant only for perpetration. Prevalence rates of both victimization and perpetration were higher for people known to each other than for strangers. In the majority of victimization and perpetration incidents, alcohol was consumed by one or both parties involved. The findings are discussed in relation to the international evidence and the need for tailored risk prevention and reduction programs. KW - sexual aggression KW - victimization KW - perpetration KW - alcohol KW - Poland Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260515609583 VL - 33 IS - 4 SP - 571 EP - 594 PB - Sage CY - Thousand Oaks, Calif. ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gottwald, Janna M. A1 - Elsner, Birgit A1 - Pollatos, Olga T1 - Good is up-spatial metaphors in action observation T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Positive objects or actions are associated with physical highness, whereas negative objects or actions are related to physical lowness. Previous research suggests that metaphorical connection ("good is up" or "bad is down") between spatial experience and evaluation of objects is grounded in actual experience with the body. Prior studies investigated effects of spatial metaphors with respect to verticality of either static objects or self-performed actions. By presenting videos of object placements, the current three experiments combined vertically-located stimuli with observation of vertically-directed actions. As expected, participants' ratings of emotionally-neutral objects were systematically influenced by the observed vertical positioning, that is, ratings were more positive for objects that were observed being placed up as compared to down. Moreover, effects were slightly more pronounced for "bad is down," because only the observed downward, but not the upward, action led to different ratings as compared to a medium-positioned action. Last, some ratings were even affected by observing only the upward/downward action, without seeing the final vertical placement of the object. Thus, both, a combination of observing a vertically-directed action and seeing a vertically-located object, and observing a vertically-directed action alone, affected participants' evaluation of emotional valence of the involved object. The present findings expand the relevance of spatial metaphors to action observation, thereby giving new impetus to embodied-cognition research. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 422 KW - embodied cognition KW - spatial metaphors KW - emotional valence KW - action observation KW - action perception Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406281 IS - 422 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krause, Helena A1 - Bosch, Sina A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Morphosyntax in the bilingual mental lexicon BT - an experimental study of strong stems in German T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Although morphosyntax has been identified as a major source of difficulty for adult (nonnative) language learners, most previous studies have examined a limited set of largely affix-based phenomena. Little is known about word-based morphosyntax in late bilinguals and of how morphosyntax is represented and processed in a nonnative speaker's lexicon. To address these questions, we report results from two behavioral experiments investigating stem variants of strong verbs in German (which encode features such as tense, person, and number) in groups of advanced adult learners as well as native speakers of German. Although the late bilinguals were highly proficient in German, the results of a lexical priming experiment revealed clear native-nonnative differences. We argue that lexical representation and processing relies less on morphosyntactic information in a nonnative than in a native language. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 520 KW - morphological structure KW - 2nd-language grammar KW - inflected nouns KW - ER-FMRI KW - representation KW - sensitivity KW - violations KW - acquisition KW - agreement KW - learners Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414431 IS - 520 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pan, Hui-Yu A1 - Schimke, Sarah A1 - Felser, Claudia T1 - Referential context effects in non-native relative clause ambiguity resolution T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - We report the results from two experiments investigating how referential context information affects native and non-native readers’ interpretation of ambiguous relative clauses in sentences such as The journalist interviewed the assistant of the inspector who was looking very serious. The preceding discourse context was manipulated such that it provided two potential referents for either the first (the assistant) or the second (the inspector) of the two noun phrases that could potentially host the relative clause, thus biasing towards either an NP1 or an NP2 modification reading. The results from an offline comprehension task indicate that both native English speakers’ and German and Chinese-speaking ESL learners’ ultimate interpretation preferences were reliably influenced by the type of referential context. In contrast, in a corresponding self-paced-reading task we found that referential context information modulated only the non-native participants’ disambiguation preferences but not the native speakers’. Our results corroborate and extend previous findings suggesting that non-native comprehenders’ initial analysis of structurally ambiguous input is strongly influenced by biasing discourse information. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 398 KW - second language KW - sentence processing KW - ambiguity resolution KW - referential context KW - relative clause KW - self-paced reading Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404785 IS - 398 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Arslan, Seçkin A1 - Bastiaanse, Roelien A1 - Felser, Claudia T1 - Looking at the evidence in visual world BT - eye-movements reveal how bilingual and monolingual Turkish speakers process grammatical evidentiality T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - This study presents pioneering data on how adult early bilinguals (heritage speakers) and late bilingual speakers of Turkish and German process grammatical evidentiality in a visual world setting in comparison to monolingual speakers of Turkish. Turkish marks evidentiality, the linguistic reference to information source, through inflectional affixes signaling either direct (-DI) or indirect (-mls) evidentiality. We conducted an eyetracking-during-listening experiment where participants were given access to visual 'evidence' supporting the use of either a direct or indirect evidential form. The behavioral results indicate that the monolingual Turkish speakers comprehended direct and indirect evidential scenarios equally well. In contrast, both late and early bilinguals were less accurate and slower to respond to direct than to indirect evidentials. The behavioral results were also reflected in the proportions of looks data. That is, both late and early bilinguals fixated less frequently on the target picture in the direct than in the indirect evidential condition while the monolinguals showed no difference between these conditions. Taken together, our results indicate reduced sensitivity to the semantic and pragmatic function of direct evidential forms in both late and early bilingual speakers, suggesting a simplification of the Turkish evidentiality system in Turkish heritage grammars. We discuss our findings with regard to theories of incomplete acquisition and first language attrition. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 408 KW - evidentiality KW - information source KW - inference KW - witnessing KW - visual world paradigm KW - eye-movements KW - Turkish-German bilingualism Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-406307 IS - 408 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Krause, Helena A1 - Bosch, Sina A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Morphosyntax in the bilingual mental lexicon BT - an experimental study of strong stems in German T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Although morphosyntax has been identified as a major source of difficulty for adult (nonnative) language learners, most previous studies have examined a limited set of largely affix-based phenomena. Little is known about word-based morphosyntax in late bilinguals and of how morphosyntax is represented and processed in a nonnative speaker's lexicon. To address these questions, we report results from two behavioral experiments investigating stem variants of strong verbs in German (which encode features such as tense, person, and number) in groups of advanced adult learners as well as native speakers of German. Although the late bilinguals were highly proficient in German, the results of a lexical priming experiment revealed clear native-nonnative differences. We argue that lexical representation and processing relies less on morphosyntactic information in a nonnative than in a native language. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 528 KW - morphological structure KW - 2nd-language grammar KW - inflected nouns KW - ER-FMRI KW - representation KW - sensitivity KW - violations KW - acquisition KW - agreement KW - learners Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-415478 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 528 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bondü, Rebecca A1 - Scheithauer, Herbert T1 - Kill one or kill them all? BT - differences between single and multiple victim school attacks T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Research indicates individual pathways towards school attacks and inconsistent offender profiles. Thus, several authors have classified offenders according to mental disorders, motives, or number/kinds of victims. We assumed differences between single and multiple victim offenders (intending to kill one or more than one victim). In qualitative and quantitative analyses of data from qualitative content analyses of case files on seven school attacks in Germany, we found differences between the offender groups in seriousness, patterns, characteristics, and classes of leaking (announcements of offences), offence-related behaviour, and offence characteristics. There were only minor differences in risk factors. Our research thus adds to the understanding of school attacks and leaking. Differences between offender groups require consideration in the planning of effective preventive approaches. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 397 KW - leaking KW - risk factor KW - school attacks KW - victim KW - warning sign Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404559 IS - 397 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Nuthmann, Antje A1 - Vitu, Françoise A1 - Engbert, Ralf A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - No evidence for a saccadic range effect for visually guided and memory-guided saccades in simple saccade-targeting tasks T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Saccades to single targets in peripheral vision are typically characterized by an undershoot bias. Putting this bias to a test, Kapoula [1] used a paradigm in which observers were presented with two different sets of target eccentricities that partially overlapped each other. Her data were suggestive of a saccadic range effect (SRE): There was a tendency for saccades to overshoot close targets and undershoot far targets in a block, suggesting that there was a response bias towards the center of eccentricities in a given block. Our Experiment 1 was a close replication of the original study by Kapoula [1]. In addition, we tested whether the SRE is sensitive to top-down requirements associated with the task, and we also varied the target presentation duration. In Experiments 1 and 2, we expected to replicate the SRE for a visual discrimination task. The simple visual saccade-targeting task in Experiment 3, entailing minimal top-down influence, was expected to elicit a weaker SRE. Voluntary saccades to remembered target locations in Experiment 3 were expected to elicit the strongest SRE. Contrary to these predictions, we did not observe a SRE in any of the tasks. Our findings complement the results reported by Gillen et al. [2] who failed to find the effect in a saccade-targeting task with a very brief target presentation. Together, these results suggest that unlike arm movements, saccadic eye movements are not biased towards making saccades of a constant, optimal amplitude for the task. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 506 KW - eye-movement control KW - scleral search coils KW - Z-reader model KW - psychophysics toolbox KW - oculomotor control KW - video-oculography KW - accuracy KW - microsaccades KW - eccentricity KW - tracking Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-411639 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 506 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Frömer, Romy A1 - Dimigen, Olaf A1 - Niefind, Florian A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Sommer, Werner T1 - Are individual differences in reading speed related to extrafoveal visual acuity and crowding? T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Readers differ considerably in their speed of self-paced reading. One factor known to influence fixation durations in reading is the preprocessing of words in parafoveal vision. Here we investigated whether individual differences in reading speed or the amount of information extracted from upcoming words (the preview benefit) can be explained by basic differences in extrafoveal vision-i.e., the ability to recognize peripheral letters with or without the presence of flanking letters. Forty participants were given an adaptive test to determine their eccentricity thresholds for the identification of letters presented either in isolation (extrafoveal acuity) or flanked by other letters (crowded letter recognition). In a separate eye-tracking experiment, the same participants read lists of words from left to right, while the preview of the upcoming words was manipulated with the gaze-contingent moving window technique. Relationships between dependent measures were analyzed on the observational level and with linear mixed models. We obtained highly reliable estimates both for extrafoveal letter identification (acuity and crowding) and measures of reading speed (overall reading speed, size of preview benefit). Reading speed was higher in participants with larger uncrowded windows. However, the strength of this relationship was moderate and it was only observed if other sources of variance in reading speed (e.g., the occurrence of regressive saccades) were eliminated. Moreover, the size of the preview benefit-an important factor in normal reading-was larger in participants with better extrafoveal acuity. Together, these results indicate a significant albeit moderate contribution of extrafoveal vision to individual differences in reading speed. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 494 KW - eye-movement control KW - object recognition KW - perceptual span KW - preview benefit KW - syntactic ambiguity KW - attention KW - fixation KW - readers KW - repetition KW - resolution Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408003 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 494 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Bohlken, Jens A1 - Weber, Simon A1 - Rapp, Michael A. A1 - Kostev, Karel T1 - Continuous treatment with antidementia drugs in Germany 2003–2013 BT - a retrospective database analysis T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background: Continuous treatment is an important indicator of medication adherence in dementia. However, long-term studies in larger clinical settings are lacking, and little is known about moderating effects of patient and service characteristics. Methods: Data from 12,910 outpatients with dementia (mean age 79.2 years; SD = 7.6 years) treated between January 2003 and December 2013 in Germany were included. Continuous treatment was analysed using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests. In addition, multivariate Cox regression models were fitted with continuous treatment as dependent variable and the predictors antidementia agent, age, gender, medical comorbidities, physician specialty, and health insurance status. Results: After one year of follow-up, nearly 60% of patients continued drug treatment. Donezepil (HR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.82-0.95) and memantine (HR: 0.85; 0.79-0.91) patients were less likely to be discontinued treatment as compared to rivastigmine users. Patients were less likely to be discontinued if they were treated by specialist physicians as compared to general practitioners (HR: 0.44; 0.41-0.48). Younger male patients and patients who had private health insurance had a lower discontinuation risk. Regarding comorbidity, patients were more likely to be continuously treated with the index substance if a diagnosis of heart failure or hypertension had been diagnosed at baseline. Conclusions: Our results imply that besides type of antidementia agent, involvement of a specialist in the complex process of prescribing antidementia drugs can provide meaningful benefits to patients, in terms of more disease-specific and continuous treatment. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 522 KW - Alzheimer’s disease KW - dementia KW - treatment continuation KW - persistence KW - adherence KW - cholinesterase inhibitors KW - memantine Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-414718 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 522 ER -