TY - JOUR A1 - Wolf, Sabina A1 - Pham, My A1 - Matthews, Nathanial A1 - Bubeck, Philip T1 - Understanding the implementation gap BT - policy-makers’ perceptions of ecosystem-based adaptation in Central Vietnam JF - Climate & development N2 - In recent years, nature-based solutions are receiving increasing attention in the field of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation as inclusive, no regret approaches. Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) can mitigate the impacts of climate change, build resilience and tackle environmental degradation thereby supporting the targets set by the 2030 Agenda, the Paris Agreement and the Sendai Framework. Despite these benefits, EbA is still rarely implemented in practice. To better understand the barriers to implementation, this research examines policy-makers' perceptions of EbA, using an extended version of Protection Motivation Theory as an analytical framework. Through semi-structured interviews with policy-makers at regional and provincial level in Central Vietnam, it was found that EbA is generally considered a promising response option, mainly due to its multiple ecosystem-service benefits. The demand for EbA measures was largely driven by the perceived consequences of natural hazards and climate change. Insufficient perceived response efficacy and time-lags in effectiveness for disaster risk reduction were identified as key impediments for implementation. Pilot projects and capacity building on EbA are important means to overcome these perceptual barriers. This paper contributes to bridging the knowledge-gap on political decision-making regarding EbA and can, thereby, promote its mainstreaming into policy plans. KW - climate change KW - ecosystem-based adaptation KW - risk perception KW - protection KW - motivation theory KW - decision making Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2020.1724068 SN - 1756-5529 SN - 1756-5537 VL - 13 IS - 1 SP - 81 EP - 94 PB - Taylor & Francis LTD CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jehmlich, Caroline A1 - Hudson, Paul A1 - Thieken, Annegret T1 - Short contribution on adaptive behaviour of flood-prone companies BT - a pilot study of Dresden-Laubegast, Germany JF - Journal of Flood Risk Management N2 - Integrated flood management strategies consider property-level precautionary measures as a vital part. Whereas this is a well-researched topic for residents, little is known about the adaptive behaviour of flood-prone companies although they often settle on the ground floor of buildings and are thus among the first affected by flooding. This pilot study analyses flood responses of 64 businesses in a district of the city of Dresden, Germany that experienced major flooding in 2002 and 2013. Using standardised survey data and accompanying qualitative interviews, the analyses revealed that the largest driver of adaptive behaviour is experiencing flood events. Intangible factors such as tradition and a sense of community play a role for the decision to stay in the area, while lacking ownership might hamper property-level adaptation. Further research is also needed to understand the role of insurance and governmental aid for recovery and adaptation of businesses. KW - adaptation KW - disaster risk reduction KW - integrated flood risk management KW - risk perception Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12653 SN - 1753-318X VL - 13 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jehmlich, Caroline A1 - Hudson, Paul A1 - Thieken, Annegret T1 - Short contribution on adaptive behaviour of flood-prone companies BT - a pilot study of Dresden-Laubegast, Germany T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Integrated flood management strategies consider property-level precautionary measures as a vital part. Whereas this is a well-researched topic for residents, little is known about the adaptive behaviour of flood-prone companies although they often settle on the ground floor of buildings and are thus among the first affected by flooding. This pilot study analyses flood responses of 64 businesses in a district of the city of Dresden, Germany that experienced major flooding in 2002 and 2013. Using standardised survey data and accompanying qualitative interviews, the analyses revealed that the largest driver of adaptive behaviour is experiencing flood events. Intangible factors such as tradition and a sense of community play a role for the decision to stay in the area, while lacking ownership might hamper property-level adaptation. Further research is also needed to understand the role of insurance and governmental aid for recovery and adaptation of businesses. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1024 KW - adaptation KW - disaster risk reduction KW - integrated flood risk management KW - risk perception Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-485528 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1024 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - große Deters, Fenne A1 - Meier, Tabea A1 - Milek, Anne A1 - Horn, Andrea B. T1 - Self-focused and other-focused health concerns as predictors of the uptake of corona contact tracing apps BT - Empirical Study JF - Journal of medical internet research N2 - Background: Corona contact tracing apps are a novel and promising measure to reduce the spread of COVID-19. They can help to balance the need to maintain normal life and economic activities as much as possible while still avoiding exponentially growing case numbers. However, a majority of citizens need to be willing to install such an app for it to be effective. Hence, knowledge about drivers for app uptake is crucial. Objective: This study aimed to add to our understanding of underlying psychological factors motivating app uptake. More specifically, we investigated the role of concern for one's own health and concern to unknowingly infect others. Methods: A two-wave survey with 346 German-speaking participants from Switzerland and Germany was conducted. We measured the uptake of two decentralized contact tracing apps officially launched by governments (Corona-Warn-App, Germany; SwissCovid, Switzerland), as well as concerns regarding COVID-19 and control variables. Results: Controlling for demographic variables and general attitudes toward the government and the pandemic, logistic regression analysis showed a significant effect of self-focused concerns (odds ratio [OR] 1.64, P=.002). Meanwhile, concern of unknowingly infecting others did not contribute significantly to the prediction of app uptake over and above concern for one's own health (OR 1.01, P=.92). Longitudinal analyses replicated this pattern and showed no support for the possibility that app uptake provokes changes in levels of concern. Testing for a curvilinear relationship, there was no evidence that "too much" concern leads to defensive reactions and reduces app uptake. Conclusions: As one of the first studies to assess the installation of already launched corona tracing apps, this study extends our knowledge of the motivational landscape of app uptake. Based on this, practical implications for communication strategies and app design are discussed. KW - COVID-19 KW - corona contact tracing app KW - digital proximity tracing KW - preventive behavior KW - health concern KW - prosocial motivation KW - public health KW - risk perception KW - eHealth KW - Corona-Warn-App KW - SwissCovid KW - contact tracing app KW - contact tracing Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2196/29268 SN - 1438-8871 VL - 23 IS - 8 PB - Centre of Global eHealth Innovation CY - Toronto ER - TY - THES A1 - Han, Sungju T1 - Perceptions of nature-based solutions in the context of floods T1 - Wahrnehmung von Naturbasierten Lösungen im Kontext vom Hochwasser BT - understanding the complexity of people and places at risk BT - Erfassung der Komplexität von gefährdeten Menschen und Orten N2 - Traditional ways of reducing flood risk have encountered limitations in a climate-changing and rapidly urbanizing world. For instance, there has been a demanding requirement for massive investment in order to maintain a consistent level of security as well as increased flood exposure of people and property due to a false sense of security arising from the flood protection infrastructure. Against this background, nature-based solutions (NBS) have gained popularity as a sustainable and alternative way of dealing with diverse societal challenges such as climate change and biodiversity loss. In particular, their ability to reduce flood risks while also offering ecological benefits has recently received global attention. Diverse co-benefits of NBS that favor both humans and nature are viewed as promising a wide endorsement of NBS. However, people’s perceptions of NBS are not always positive. Local resistance to NBS projects as well as decision-makers’ and practitioners’ unwillingness to adopt NBS have been pointed out as a bottleneck to the successful realization and mainstreaming of NBS. In this regard, there has been a growing necessity to investigate people’s perceptions of NBS. Current research has lacked an integrative perspective of both attitudinal and contextual factors that guide perceptions of NBS; it not only lacks empirical evidence, but a few existing ones are rather conflicting without having underlying theories. This has led to the overarching research question of this dissertation, "What shapes people’s perceptions of NBS in the context of flooding?" The dissertation aims to answer the following sub-questions in the three papers that make up this dissertation: 1. What are the topics reflected in the previous literature influencing perceptions of NBS as a means to reduce hydro-meteorological risks? (Paper I) 2. What are the stimulating and hampering attitudinal and contextual factors for mainstreaming NBS for flood risk management? How are NBS conceptualized? (Paper II) 3. How are public attitudes toward the NBS projects shaped? How do risk-and place-related factors shape individual attitudes toward NBS? (Paper III) This dissertation follows an integrative approach of considering “place” and “risk”, as well as the surrounding context, by analyzing attitudinal (i.e., individual) and contextual (i.e., systemic) factors. “Place” is mainly concerned with affective elements (e.g., bond to locality and natural environment) whereas “risk” is related to cognitive elements (e.g., threat appraisal). The surrounding context provides systemic drivers and barriers with the possibility of interfering the influence of place and risk for perceptions of NBS. To empirically address the research questions, the current status of the knowledge about people’s perceptions of NBS for flood risks was investigated by conducting a systematic review (Paper I). Based on these insights, a case study of South Korea was used to demonstrate key contextual and attitudinal factors for mainstreaming NBS through the lens of experts (Paper II). Lastly, by conducting a citizen survey, it investigated the relationship between the previously discussed concepts in Papers I and II using structural equation modeling, focusing on the core concepts, namely risk and place (Paper III). As a result, Paper I identified the key topics relating to people’s perceptions, including the perceived value of co-benefits, perceived effectiveness of risk reduction effectiveness, participation of stakeholders, socio-economic and place-specific conditions, environmental attitude, and uncertainty of NBS. Paper II confirmed Paper I's findings regarding attitudinal factors. In addition, several contextual hampering or stimulating factors were found to be similar to those of any emerging technologies (i.e., path dependence, lack of operational and systemic capacity). Among all, one of the distinctive features in NBS contexts, at least in the South Korean case, is the politicization of NBS, which can lead to polarization of ideas and undermine the decision-making process. Finally, Paper III provides a framework with the core topics (i.e., place and risk) that were considered critical in Paper I and Paper II. This place-based risk appraisal model (PRAM) connects people at risk and places where hazards (i.e., floods) and interventions (i.e., NBS) take place. The empirical analysis shows that, among the place-related variables, nature bonding was a positive predictor of the perceived risk-reduction effectiveness of NBS, and place identity was a negative predictor of supportive attitude. Among the risk-related variables, threat appraisal had a negative effect on perceived risk reduction effectiveness and supportive attitude, while well-communicated information, trust in flood risk management, and perceived co-benefit were positive predictors. This dissertation proves that the place and risk attributes of NBS shape people’s perceptions of NBS. In order to optimize the NBS implementation, it is necessary to consider the meanings and values held in place before project implementation and how these attributes interact with individual and/or community risk profiles and other contextual factors. With the increasing necessity of using NBS to lower flood risks, these results make important suggestions for the future NBS project strategy and NBS governance. N2 - Herkömmliche Methoden zur Verminderung des Hochwasserrisikos stoßen in Zeiten des Klimawandels und der Urbanisierung an ihre Grenzen. So sind beispielsweise massive Investitionen erforderlich, um ein gleichbleibendes Sicherheitsniveau aufrechtzuerhalten, und das Hochwasserrisiko für Menschen und Eigentum steigt, weil die Hochwasserschutzinfrastruktur ein falsches Sicherheitsgefühl vermittelt. Vor diesem Hintergrund haben naturbasierte Lösungen (engl. Nature-Based Solutions, kurz: NBS) als nachhaltiger und alternativer Weg zur Bewältigung verschiedener gesellschaftlicher Herausforderungen wie Klimawandel und Verlust der biologischen Vielfalt an Popularität gewonnen. Insbesondere ihre Eigenschaft, das Hochwasserrisiko zu verringern und gleichzeitig ökologische Vorteile zu bieten, hat zuletzt weltweit Aufmerksamkeit erregt. Die vielfältigen Vorteile der NBS, die sowohl den Menschen als auch der Natur zugutekommen, sind vielversprechende Gründe für eine breite Befürwortung der NBS. Die Wahrnehmung der NBS durch die Bevölkerung ist jedoch nicht immer positiv. Lokaler Widerstand gegen NBS-Projekte sowie die mangelnde Bereitschaft von Entscheidungsträgern und Praktikern, NBS zu übernehmen, wurden als Hürden für die erfolgreiche Umsetzung und langfristige Etablierung von NBS identifiziert. In diesem Zusammenhang hat sich die Notwendigkeit ergeben, die Wahrnehmung von NBS genauer zu untersuchen. In der aktuellen Forschung fehlt eine integrative Perspektive sowohl auf einstellungs- als auch auf kontextbezogene Faktoren, die die Wahrnehmung von NBS beeinflussen; es mangelt nicht nur an empirischen Belegen, sondern die wenigen vorhandenen Befunde sind eher widersprüchlich, ohne dass zugrunde liegende Theorien vorhanden sind. Daraus ergibt sich die übergeordnete Forschungsfrage dieser Dissertation: "Was beeinflusst die Wahrnehmung der Menschen von NBS im Kontext von Hochwasser?" Die Dissertation intendiert, die folgenden Unterfragen in den drei Publikationen zu beantworten, die diese Dissertation bilden: 1. Welche Themen spiegeln sich in der bisherigen Literatur wider und beeinflussen die Wahrnehmung von NBS als Mittel zur Verringerung hydrometeorologischer Risiken? (Publikation I) 2. Was sind die fördernden und hemmenden Einstellungs- und Kontextfaktoren für das Mainstreaming von NBS für das Hochwasserrisikomanagement? Wie werden NBS von Experten konzeptualisiert? (Publikation II) 3. Wie wird die Einstellung der Öffentlichkeit zu NBS-Projekten geprägt? Wie beeinflussen risiko- und ortsbezogene Faktoren die individuelle Einstellung zu NBS? (Publikation III) In dieser Dissertation wird ein integrativer Ansatz verfolgt, der Ort (Place) und Risiko (Risk) sowie den umgebenden Kontext berücksichtigt, indem einstellungsbezogene (d. h. individuelle) und kontextbezogene (d. h. systemische) Faktoren analysiert werden. "Ort" affektive Elemente betrifft (z. B. die Bindung an den Ort und die natürliche Umgebung), während "Risiko" bezieht sich auf kognitive Elemente (z. B. die Einschätzung der Bedrohung). Der umgebende Kontext bietet systemische Triebkräfte und Hindernisse, die den Einfluss von Ort und Risiko auf die Wahrnehmung der NBS beeinflussen können. Zur empirischen Beantwortung der Forschungsfragen wurde der aktuelle Stand der Forschung über die Wahrnehmung der NBS für Hochwasserrisiken durch eine systematische Literaturanalyse untersucht (Publikation I). Auf der Grundlage dieser Erkenntnisse wird eine Fallstudie aus Südkorea herangezogen, um die wichtigsten Kontext- und Einstellungsfaktoren für das Mainstreaming von NBS aus der Sicht von Experten aufzuzeigen (Publikation II). Schließlich wurde anhand einer Bürgerbefragung die Beziehung zwischen den zuvor in den Publikationen I und II erörterten Konzepten untersucht, mit Schwerpunkt auf den Kernkonzepten, nämlich Risiko und Ort. Die Analzse basiert auf einem Strukturgleichungsmodell (Publikation III). In Publikation I wurden die wichtigsten Themen im Zusammenhang mit der Wahrnehmung der Menschen identifiziert, darunter der wahrgenommene Wert von Zusatznutzen, die wahrgenommene Wirksamkeit der Risikominderung, die Beteiligung von Interessengruppen, sozioökonomische und ortsspezifische Bedingungen, die Einstellung zur Umwelt und die Unsicherheit der NBS. Publikation II bestätigte die Ergebnisse von Publikation I hinsichtlich der Einstellungsfaktoren (d.h. die Bereiche Ort und Risiko). Zusätzlich wurde festgestellt, dass mehrere hemmende und fördernde Kontextfaktoren denen aller neuen Technologien ähneln (d. h. Pfadabhängigkeit, fehlende operative und systemische Kapazitäten). Eines der besonderen Merkmale im Kontext der NBS, zumindest im Fall Südkoreas, ist die Politisierung der NBS, die möglicherweise zu einer Polarisierung der Ideen an sich führen und damit den Entscheidungsprozess untergraben kann. Schließlich bietet Publikation III einen Rahmen mit dem Fokus auf die Faktoren (d. h. Ort und Risiko), die in Papier I und Papier II als entscheidend angesehen wurden. Dieses ortsbezogene Risikobewertungsmodell (place-based risk appraisal model, PRAM) stellt eine Verbindung zwischen den gefährdeten Menschen und den Orten her, an denen Gefahren (z. B. Hochwasser) und Interventionen (z. B. NBS) stattfinden. Die empirische Analyse zeigt, dass bei den ortsbezogenen Konstrukten die Naturverbundenheit ein positiver Prädiktor für die wahrgenommene risikomindernde Wirksamkeit der NBS war und die Ortsidentität ein negativer Prädiktor für die unterstützende Einstellung. Bei den risikobezogenen Konstrukten wirkte sich die Einschätzung der Bedrohung negativ auf die wahrgenommene Wirksamkeit der Risikominderung und die unterstützende Einstellung aus, während gut kommunizierte Informationen, Vertrauen in das Hochwasserrisikomanagement und wahrgenommener Zusatznutzen positive Prädiktoren waren. Diese Dissertation zeigt, dass die verschiedenen Ebenen der Orts-, Risiko- und Landschaftsattribute der NBS die Wahrnehmung der NBS durch die Menschen beeinflussen. Um die Umsetzung der NBS zu optimieren, müssen die vor der Projektumsetzung bestehenden Vorstellungen und Werte der dort lebenden Menschen berücksichtigt und analysiert werden, wie diese Attribute mit dem Risikokontext und anderen systemischen und kontextuellen Faktoren interagieren. Angesichts der zunehmenden Notwendigkeit, naturbasierte Methoden zur Verringerung von Hochwasserrisiken einzusetzen, liefern diese Ergebnisse wichtige Anregungen für die künftige NBS-Projektstrategie und NBS-Governance. KW - nature-based solutions KW - flood risk management KW - dike relocation KW - risk perception KW - place attachment KW - acceptance KW - attitude KW - systematic review KW - semi-structured interview KW - structural equation modeling KW - Akzeptanz KW - Einstellung KW - Deichrückverlegung KW - Hochwasserrisikomanagement KW - naturbasierte Lösungen KW - Ortsbindung KW - Risikowahrnehmung KW - halbstrukturiertes Interview KW - Strukturgleichungsmodell KW - systematische Übersicht Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-579524 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Caliendo, Marco A1 - Hennecke, Juliane T1 - Drinking is Different! BT - Examining the Role of Locus of Control for Alcohol Consumption T2 - CEPA Discussion Papers N2 - Unhealthy behavior can be extremely costly from a micro- and macroeconomic perspective and exploring the determinants of such behavior is highly important from an economist’s point of view. We examine whether locus of control (LOC) can explain alcohol consumption as an important domain of health behavior. LOC measures how much an individual believes that she is in control of the consequences of her own actions for her life’s future outcomes. While earlier literature showed that an increasing internal LOC is associated with increased health-conscious behavior in domains such as smoking, exercise or diets, we find that drinking seems to be different. Using German panel data from the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) we find a significant positive effect of having an internal LOC on the probability of moderate and regular drinking. We suggest and discuss two likely mechanisms for this relationship and find interesting gender differences. While social investments play an important role for both men and women, risk perceptions are especially relevant for men. T3 - CEPA Discussion Papers - 18 KW - locus of control KW - alcohol consumption KW - health behavior KW - risk perception KW - social investment Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-469790 SN - 2628-653X IS - 18 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Caliendo, Marco A1 - Hennecke, Juliane T1 - Drinking is different! BT - examining the role of locus of control for alcohol consumption JF - Empirical economics N2 - Locus of control (LOC) measures how much an individual believes in the causal relationship between her own actions and her life’s outcomes. While earlier literature has shown that an increasing internal LOC is associated with increased health-conscious behavior in domains such as smoking, exercise or diets, we find that drinking seems to be different. Using very informative German panel data, we extend and generalize previous findings and find a significant positive association between having an internal LOC and the probability of occasional and regular drinking for men and women. An increase in an individual’s LOC by one standard deviation increases the probability of occasional or regular drinking on average by 3.4% for men and 6.9% for women. Using a decomposition method, we show that roughly a quarter of this association can be explained by differences in the social activities between internal and external individuals. KW - locus of control KW - alcohol consumption KW - health behavior KW - risk perception KW - social activity Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-022-02219-3 SN - 0377-7332 SN - 1435-8921 VL - 63 IS - 5 SP - 2785 EP - 2815 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - McDowell, Michelle A1 - Pachur, Thorsten T1 - Availability, affect, and decisions to seek information about cancer risks JF - Medical decision making : MDM N2 - How do people decide which risks they want to get informed about? The present study examines the role of the availability and affect heuristics on these decisions. Participants (N= 100, aged 19-72 years) selected for which of 23 cancers they would like to receive an information brochure, reported the number of occurrences of each type of cancer in their social circle (availability), and rated their dread reaction to each type of cancer (affect); they also made relative judgments about which of 2 cancers was more common in Germany (judged risk). Participants tended to choose information brochures for those cancers for which they indicated a higher availability within their social networks as well as for cancers they dreaded. Mediation analyses suggested that the influence of availability and affect on information choice was only partly mediated by judged risk. The results demonstrate the operation of 2 key judgment heuristics (availability and affect), previously studied in risk perception, also in decisions about information choice. We discuss how our findings can be used to identify which risks are likely to fall from people's radar. KW - information seeking KW - risk perception Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X20951775 SN - 0272-989X SN - 1552-681X VL - 40 IS - 8 SP - 941 EP - 945 PB - Sage Publ. CY - Thousand Oaks ER -