TY - RPRT A1 - Thieken, Annegret A1 - Otto, Antje A1 - Haupt, Wolfgang A1 - Eckersley, Peter A1 - Kern, Kristine A1 - Ullrich, Susann A1 - Hautz, Timo A1 - Rocker, Philipp A1 - Schulz, Rabea A1 - Sausen, Hannah A1 - Dillenardt, Lisa A1 - Rose, Claudia A1 - Schmidt, Katja A1 - Huber, Bettina A1 - Sterzel, Till A1 - Marken, Marieke A1 - Miechielsen, Milena ED - Otto, Antje ED - Thieken, Annegret T1 - Urbane Resilienz gegenüber extremen Wetterereignissen T1 - Urban resilience to extreme weather events BT - Gemeinsamer Verbundabschlussbericht des Forschungsprojektes ExTrass BT - Joint final report of the research project ExTrass N2 - Aufgrund der hohen Konzentration von Bevölkerung, ökonomischen Werten und Infrastrukturen können Städte stark von extremen Wetterereignissen getroffen werden. Insbesondere Hitzewellen und Überflutungen in Folge von Starkregen verursachen in Städten immense gesundheitliche und finanzielle Schäden. Um Schäden zu verringern oder gar zu vermeiden, ist es notwendig, entsprechende Vorsorge- und Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen zu implementieren. Im Projekt „Urbane Resilienz gegenüber extremen Wetterereignissen – Typologien und Transfer von Anpassungsstrategien in kleinen Großstädten und Mittelstädten” (ExTrass) lag der Fokus auf den beiden extremen Wetterereignissen Hitze und Starkregen sowie auf kleineren Großstädten (100.000 bis 500.000 Einwohner:innen) und kreisfreien Mittelstädten mit mehr als 50.000 Einwohner:innen. Im Projekt wurde die Stärkung der Klimaresilienz als Verbesserung der Fähigkeiten von Städten, aus vergangenen Ereignissen zu lernen sowie sich an antizipierte Gefahren anzupassen, verstanden. Klimaanpassung wurde demnach als ein Prozess aufgefasst, der durch die Umsetzung von potenziell schadensreduzierenden Maßnahmen beschreib- und operationalisierbar wird. Das Projekt hatte zwei Ziele: Erstens sollte die Klimaresilienz in den drei Fallstudienstädten Potsdam, Remscheid und Würzburg messbar gestärkt werden. Zweitens sollten Transferpotenziale zwischen Groß- und Mittelstädten in Deutschland identifiziert und besser nutzbar gemacht werden, damit die Wirkung von Pilotvorhaben über die direkt involvierten Städte hinausgehen kann. Im Projekt standen folgende vier Leitfragen im Fokus: • Wie verbreitet sind Klimaanpassungsaktivitäten in Großstädten und größeren kreisfreien Mittelstädten in Deutschland? • Welche hemmenden und begünstigenden Faktoren beeinflussen die Klimaanpassung? • Welche Maßnahmen der Klimaanpassung werden tatsächlich umgesetzt, und wie kann die Umsetzung verbessert werden? Was behindert? • Inwiefern lassen sich Beispiele guter Praxis auf andere Städte übertragen, adaptieren oder weiterentwickeln? Die Hauptergebnisse zu diesen Fragestellungen sind im vorliegenden Bericht zusammengefasst. N2 - Due to the high concentration of population, economic assets and infrastructure, cities are severely affected by the effects of climate change. In particular, heat waves and flooding as a result of heavy rain cause immense health and financial damages in cities. In order to reduce or even avoid the effects of such extreme weather events, appropriate precautionary and climate adaptation measures must be implemented. The project "Urban resilience to extreme weather events – typologies and transfer of adaptation strategies in small and medium-sized cities" (ExTrass) focused on the two extreme weather events heat and heavy rain as well as on smaller cities (100,000 to 500,000 inhabitants) and independent medium-sized towns with more than 50,000 inhabitants. Within the project, strengthening climate resilience was understood as improving the ability of cities to learn from past events and adapt to anticipated hazards. Accordingly, climate adaptation was seen as a process that can be described and operationalized through the implementation of potentially damage-reducing measures. The project had two goals: The first goal was to measurably strengthen climate resilience in the three case study cities of Potsdam, Remscheid and Würzburg. The second goal was to identify and improve the transfer potential of climate adaptation measures between cities in Germany. The project focused on the following four key questions: • How widespread are climate adaptation activities in large cities and larger independent medium-sized cities in Germany? • Which inhibiting and enabling factors influence climate adaptation and how do they work? • Which climate adaptation measures are actually being implemented and how can implementation be improved? What hinders implementation? • To what extent can examples of good practice be transferred, adapted or further developed to other cities? The main results of these questions have been summarized in the present report. KW - Klimaanpassung KW - Resilienz KW - Hitze KW - Starkregen KW - Risikokommunikation KW - Stadtplanung KW - Begrünung KW - climate adaptation KW - resilience KW - heat KW - heavy rain KW - risk communication KW - urban planning KW - greening Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-555427 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kahl, Sandra A1 - Kappel, Christian A1 - Joshi, Jasmin Radha A1 - Lenhard, Michael T1 - Phylogeography of a widely distributed plant species reveals cryptic genetic lineages with parallel phenotypic responses to warming and drought conditions JF - Ecology and Evolution N2 - To predict how widely distributed species will perform under future climate change, it is crucial to understand and reveal their underlying phylogenetics. However, detailed information about plant adaptation and its genetic basis and history remains scarce and especially widely distributed species receive little attention despite their putatively high adaptability. To examine the adaptation potential of a widely distributed species, we sampled the model plant Silene vulgaris across Europe. In a greenhouse experiment, we exposed the offspring of these populations to a climate change scenario for central Europe and revealed the population structure through whole-genome sequencing. Plants were grown under two temperatures (18°C and 21°C) and three precipitation regimes (65, 75, and 90 mm) to measure their response in biomass and fecundity-related traits. To reveal the population genetic structure, ddRAD sequencing was employed for a whole-genome approach. We found three major genetic clusters in S. vulgaris from Europe: one cluster comprising Southern European populations, one cluster of Western European populations, and another cluster containing central European populations. Population genetic diversity decreased with increasing latitude, and a Mantel test revealed significant correlations between FST and geographic distances as well as between genetic and environmental distances. Our trait analysis showed that the genetic clusters significantly differed in biomass-related traits and in the days to flowering. However, half of the traits showed parallel response patterns to the experimental climate change scenario. Due to the differentiated but parallel response patterns, we assume that phenotypic plasticity plays an important role for the adaptation of the widely distributed species S. vulgaris and its intraspecific genetic lineages. KW - climate adaptation KW - ddRAD KW - Silene vulgaris Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8103 SN - 2045-7758 VL - 11 IS - 20 SP - 13986 EP - 14002 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. CY - Hoboken ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kahl, Sandra A1 - Kappel, Christian A1 - Joshi, Jasmin Radha A1 - Lenhard, Michael T1 - Phylogeography of a widely distributed plant species reveals cryptic genetic lineages with parallel phenotypic responses to warming and drought conditions T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - To predict how widely distributed species will perform under future climate change, it is crucial to understand and reveal their underlying phylogenetics. However, detailed information about plant adaptation and its genetic basis and history remains scarce and especially widely distributed species receive little attention despite their putatively high adaptability. To examine the adaptation potential of a widely distributed species, we sampled the model plant Silene vulgaris across Europe. In a greenhouse experiment, we exposed the offspring of these populations to a climate change scenario for central Europe and revealed the population structure through whole-genome sequencing. Plants were grown under two temperatures (18°C and 21°C) and three precipitation regimes (65, 75, and 90 mm) to measure their response in biomass and fecundity-related traits. To reveal the population genetic structure, ddRAD sequencing was employed for a whole-genome approach. We found three major genetic clusters in S. vulgaris from Europe: one cluster comprising Southern European populations, one cluster of Western European populations, and another cluster containing central European populations. Population genetic diversity decreased with increasing latitude, and a Mantel test revealed significant correlations between FST and geographic distances as well as between genetic and environmental distances. Our trait analysis showed that the genetic clusters significantly differed in biomass-related traits and in the days to flowering. However, half of the traits showed parallel response patterns to the experimental climate change scenario. Due to the differentiated but parallel response patterns, we assume that phenotypic plasticity plays an important role for the adaptation of the widely distributed species S. vulgaris and its intraspecific genetic lineages. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1218 KW - climate adaptation KW - ddRAD KW - Silene vulgaris Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-530035 SN - 1866-8372 SP - 13986 EP - 14002 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Böhnke, Denise A1 - Krehl, Alice A1 - Moermann, Kai A1 - Volk, Rebekka A1 - Lützkendorf, Thomas A1 - Naber, Elias A1 - Becker, Ronja A1 - Norra, Stefan T1 - Mapping urban green and its ecosystem services at microscale-a methodological approach for climate adaptation and biodiversity JF - Sustainability / Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) N2 - The current awareness of the high importance of urban green leads to a stronger need for tools to comprehensively represent urban green and its benefits. A common scientific approach is the development of urban ecosystem services (UES) based on remote sensing methods at the city or district level. Urban planning, however, requires fine-grained data that match local management practices. Hence, this study linked local biotope and tree mapping methods to the concept of ecosystem services. The methodology was tested in an inner-city district in SW Germany, comparing publicly accessible areas and non-accessible courtyards. The results provide area-specific [m(2)] information on the green inventory at the microscale, whereas derived stock and UES indicators form the basis for comparative analyses regarding climate adaptation and biodiversity. In the case study, there are ten times more micro-scale green spaces in private courtyards than in the public space, as well as twice as many trees. The approach transfers a scientific concept into municipal planning practice, enables the quantitative assessment of urban green at the microscale and illustrates the importance for green stock data in private areas to enhance decision support in urban development. Different aspects concerning data collection and data availability are critically discussed. KW - climate adaptation KW - urban green KW - mapping KW - ecosystem service cascade KW - model KW - surface type-function-concept KW - planning indicators KW - city district KW - level KW - urban planning practice KW - climate change Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159029 SN - 2071-1050 VL - 14 IS - 15 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER -