TY - THES A1 - Haß, Ulrike T1 - Vergleich anti-inflammatorischer Ernährungsstrategien auf Inflammation und Muskelfunktion bei älteren Erwachsenen T1 - Comparison of anti-inflammatory dietary approaches on inflammation and muscle function in old adults N2 - Mit dem Alter kann eine Zunahme leichtgradiger Entzündungsprozesse beobachtet werden, von denen angenommen wird, dass sie den typischen, altersbedingten Verlust an Muskelmasse, -kraft und -funktion „befeuern“. Diese als Inflammaging bezeichneten Prozesse können auf ein komplexes Zusammenspiel aus einem dysfunktionalen (viszeralen) Fettgewebe, einer Dysbiose und damit einhergehender mikrobiellen Translokation und geringeren Abwehrfähigkeit sowie einer insgesamt zunehmenden Immunseneszenz zurückgeführt werden. In Summa begünstigt ein pro-inflammatorisches Milieu metabolische Störungen und chronische, altersassoziierte Erkrankungen, die das Entzündungsgeschehen aufrechterhalten oder vorantreiben. Neben einem essenziellen Bewegungsmangel trägt auch eine westlich geprägte, industrialisierte Ernährungsweise zum Entzündungsgeschehen und zur Entwicklung chronischer Erkrankungen bei. Daher liegt die Vermutung nahe, dem Entzündungsgeschehen mit ausreichend Bewegung und einer anti-inflammatorischen Ernährung entgegenzuwirken. In dieser Hinsicht werden insbesondere Omega-3-Fettsäuren (Omega-3) mit anti-inflammatorischen Eigenschaften verbunden. Obwohl ein Zusammenhang zwischen dem ernährungsbedingten Inflammationspotenzial bzw. der Zufuhr von Omega-3 und dem Inflammationsprofil bereits untersucht wurde, fehlen bislang Untersuchungen insbesondere bei älteren Erwachsenen, die den Link zwischen dem Inflammationspotenzial der Ernährung und Sarkopenie-relevanten Muskelparametern herstellen. Aufgrund des Proteinmehrbedarfs zum Erhalt der funktionellen Muskulatur im Alter wurde bereits eine Vielzahl an Sport- und Ernährungsinterventionen durchgeführt, die eine Verbesserung des Muskelstatus mit Hilfe von strukturiertem Krafttraining und einer proteinreichen Ernährung zeigen. Es gibt zudem Hinweise, dass Omega-3 auch die Proteinsynthese verstärken könnten. Unklar ist jedoch, inwiefern eine anti-inflammatorische Ernährung mit Fokus auf Omega-3 sowohl die Entzündungsprozesse als auch den Muskelproteinmetabolismus und die neuromuskuläre Funktionalität im Alter günstig unterstützen kann. Dies vor allem im Hinblick auf die Muskelleistung, die eng mit der Sturzneigung und der Autonomie im Alltag verknüpft ist, aber in Interventionsstudien mit älteren Erwachsenen bisher wenig Berücksichtigung erhielt. Darüber hinaus werden häufig progressive Trainingselemente genutzt, die nach Studienabschluss oftmals wenig Anschluss im Lebensalltag der Betroffenen finden und somit wenig nachhaltig sind. Ziel dieser Arbeit war demnach die Evaluierung einer proteinreichen und zusätzlich mit Omega-3 supplementierten Ernährung in Kombination mit einem wöchentlichen Vibrationstraining und altersgemäßen Bewegungsprogramm auf Inflammation und neuromuskuläre Funktion bei älteren, selbständig lebenden Erwachsenen. Hierzu wurden zunächst mögliche Zusammenhänge zwischen dem ernährungsbedingten Inflammationspotenzial, ermittelt anhand des Dietary Inflammatory Index, und dem Muskelstatus sowie dem Inflammationsprofil im Alter eruiert. Dazu dienten die Ausgangswerte von älteren, selbständig lebenden Erwachsenen einer postprandialen Interventionsstudie (POST-Studie), die im Querschnitt analysiert wurden. Die Ergebnisse bestätigten, dass eine pro-inflammatorische Ernährung sich einerseits in einem stärkeren Entzündungsgeschehen widerspiegelt und andererseits mit Sarkopenie-relevanten Parametern, wie einer geringeren Muskelmasse und Gehgeschwindigkeit, ungünstig assoziiert ist. Darüber hinaus zeigten sich diese Zusammenhänge auch in Bezug auf die Handgreifkraft bei den inaktiven, älteren Erwachsenen der Studie. Anschließend wurde in einer explorativ ausgerichteten Pilot-Interventionsstudie (AIDA-Studie) in einem dreiarmigen Design untersucht, inwieweit sich eine Supplementierung mit Omega-3 unter Voraussetzung einer optimierten Proteinzufuhr und altersgemäßen Sportintervention mit Vibrationstraining auf die neuromuskuläre Funktion und Inflammation bei selbständig lebenden, älteren Erwachsenen auswirkt. Nach acht Wochen Intervention zeigte sich, dass eine mit Omega-3 supplementierte, proteinreiche Ernährung die Muskelleistung insbesondere bei den älteren Männern steigerte. Während sich die Kontrollgruppe nach acht Wochen Sportintervention nicht verbesserte, bestätigte sich zusätzlich eine Verbesserung der Beinkraft und der Testzeit beim Stuhl-Aufsteh-Test der älteren Erwachsenen mit einer proteinreichen Ernährung in Kombination mit der Sportintervention. Darüber hinaus wurde deutlich, dass die zusätzliche Omega-3-Supplementierung insbesondere bei den Männern eine Reduktion der pro-inflammatorischen Zytokine im Serum zur Folge hatte. Allerdings spiegelten sich diese Beobachtungen nicht auf Genexpressionsebene in mononukleären Immunzellen oder in der LPS-induzierten Sekretion der Zytokine und Chemokine in Vollblutzellkulturen wider. Dies erfordert weitere Untersuchungen. N2 - With aging, a persistent low-grade inflammatory process can be observed, which is thought to "fuel" the typical age-related loss of muscle mass, strength and function. These processes, also known as inflammaging, can be attributed to a complex interplay of dysfunctional (visceral) adipose tissue, dysbiosis and associated microbial translocation, with a reduced immune defence and overall increasing immunosenescence. This pro-inflammatory milieu favours metabolic disorders and chronic, age-associated diseases, which in turn maintain or increase the inflammatory process. Additionally, inactivity and a westernized diet contribute to inflammation and the development of chronic diseases. Therefore, it is assumed that regular exercise and an anti-inflammatory diet can counteract inflammaging. In particular, omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3) are known for their anti-inflammatory properties. Although it has been shown that the dietary inflammatory load as well as the intake of omega-3 is associated with inflammation, studies that establish the link between the diet-related inflammatory load and sarcopenia-relevant muscle parameters are still lacking, especially in older adults. Due to the higher protein requirement to maintain muscle function in higher age, exercise and nutritional interventions have been extensively studied and consistently show improvements in muscle status with resistance exercise and high-protein diets. Experimental investigations indicate that omega-3 may also support protein synthesis. However, it is unclear to what extent an anti-inflammatory diet with focus on omega-3 can support the inflammatory processes as well as muscle protein metabolism and neuromuscular function in higher age. In particular muscle power, which is a key element of functionality and strongly related with fall risk, received little attention in interventional studies with older adults so far. In addition, exercise studies often use elements of progressive resistance training protocols, which, however, are seldom sustained by the participants in everyday life after intervention. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate a high-protein diet supplemented with omega-3 in combination with an age-appropriate, home-based resistance exercise program and weekly vibration training on inflammation and neuromuscular function in community-dwelling older adults. For this purpose, cross-sectional associations between the diet-related inflammatory load, as determined by the Dietary Inflammatory Index, and muscle status as well as inflammation were investigated by baseline values of community-dwelling older adults, who participated in a postprandial intervention study (POST study). This cross-sectional analysis confirmed that a pro-inflammatory diet was reflected in a higher systemic inflammation and at the same time was associated with unfavourable sarcopenia-relevant parameters such as lower muscle mass and slower gait speed. In addition, a higher dietary inflammatory load and higher inflammation were both found to be associated with lower hand grip strength in inactive, older adults. Subsequently, the effects of an omega-3 supplemented, high-protein diet in combination with age-appropriate resistance exercises and weekly vibration training on neuromuscular function and inflammation were examined in community-dwelling older adults. For this purpose, an 8-week exploratory pilot trial in a three-arm study design (AIDA study) was carried out. It was shown that a high-protein diet, additionally supplemented with omega-3 increased muscle power particularly in older men. While the control group did not improve after eight weeks of exercise intervention, there was an improvement in leg strength and chair rise time in older adults receiving a high-protein diet combined with the exercise intervention. Moreover, an additional omega-3 supplementation resulted in a reduction of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines in particular in older men. However, these observations in serum were not reflected on gene expression levels in mononuclear immune cells or in lipopolysaccharide-induced secretion of the cytokines and chemokines in whole blood cultures and requires further investigation. KW - Ernährung KW - nutrition KW - Gerontologie KW - gerontology KW - Sport KW - exercise KW - Muskelschwund KW - sarcopenia KW - Hoch-Protein Diät KW - high protein diet KW - Omega-3 Fettsäuren KW - omega-3 fatty acid Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-611976 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinzel, Stephan A1 - Lawrence, Jimmy B. A1 - Kallies, Gunnar A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin A1 - Heissel, Andreas T1 - Using Exercise to Fight Depression in Older Adults BT - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis JF - GeroPsych : the journal of gerontopsychology and geriatric psychiatry N2 - Depression is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder in the general population. Despite a large demand for efficient treatment options, the majority of older depressed adults does not receive adequate treatment: Additional low-threshold treatments are needed for this age group. Over the past two decades, a growing number of randomized controlled trials (RCT) have been conducted, testing the efficacy of physical exercise in the alleviation of depression in older adults. This meta-analysis systematically reviews and evaluates these studies; some subanalyses testing specific effects of different types of exercise and settings are also performed. In order to be included, exercise programs of the RCTs had to fulfill the criteria of exercise according to the American College of Sports Medicine, including a sample mean age of 60 or above and an increased level of depressive symptoms. Eighteen trials with 1,063 participants fulfilled our inclusion criteria. A comparison of the posttreatment depression scores between the exercise and control groups revealed a moderate effect size in favor of the exercise groups (standardized mean difference (SMD) of –0.68, p < .001). The effect was comparable to the results achieved when only the eleven trials with low risk of bias were included (SMD = –0.63, p < .001). The subanalyses showed significant effects for all types of exercise and for supervised interventions. The results of this meta-analysis suggest that physical exercise may serve as a feasible, additional intervention to fight depression in older adults. However, because of small sample sizes of the majority of individual trials and high statistical heterogeneity, results must be interpreted carefully. KW - depression KW - exercise KW - older adults KW - meta-analysis KW - review Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/a000133 SN - 1662-9647 SN - 1662-971X VL - 28 SP - 149 EP - 162 PB - Hogrefe CY - Cambridge, Mass. ; Göttingen [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brand, Ralf A1 - Nosrat, Sanaz A1 - Späth, Constantin A1 - Timme, Sinika T1 - Using COVID-19 Pandemic as a Prism: A Systematic Review of Methodological Approaches and the Quality of Empirical Studies on Physical Activity Behavior Change JF - Frontiers in Sports and Active Living N2 - Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of scientific endeavors. The goal of this systematic review is to evaluate the quality of the research on physical activity (PA) behavior change and its potential to contribute to policy-making processes in the early days of COVID-19 related restrictions. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of methodological quality of current research according to PRISMA guidelines using Pubmed and Web of Science, of articles on PA behavior change that were published within 365 days after COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Items from the JBI checklist and the AXIS tool were used for additional risk of bias assessment. Evidence mapping is used for better visualization of the main results. Conclusions about the significance of published articles are based on hypotheses on PA behavior change in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Among the 1,903 identified articles, there were 36% opinion pieces, 53% empirical studies, and 9% reviews. Of the 332 studies included in the systematic review, 213 used self-report measures to recollect prepandemic behavior in often small convenience samples. Most focused changes in PA volume, whereas changes in PA types were rarely measured. The majority had methodological reporting flaws. Few had very large samples with objective measures using repeated measure design (pre and during the pandemic). In addition to the expected decline in PA duration, these studies show that many of those who were active prepandemic, continued to be active during the pandemic. Conclusions: Research responded quickly at the onset of the pandemic. However, most of the studies lacked robust methodology, and PA behavior change data lacked the accuracy needed to guide policy makers. To improve the field, we propose the implementation of longitudinal cohort studies by larger organizations such as WHO to ease access to data on PA behavior, and suggest those institutions set clear standards for this research. Researchers need to ensure a better fit between the measurement method and the construct being measured, and use both objective and subjective measures where appropriate to complement each other and provide a comprehensive picture of PA behavior. KW - meta-science KW - exercise KW - methods KW - quality KW - study designs KW - standards Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.864468 SN - 2624-9367 VL - 4 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - GEN A1 - Brand, Ralf A1 - Nosrat, Sanaz A1 - Späth, Constantin A1 - Timme, Sinika T1 - Using COVID-19 Pandemic as a Prism: A Systematic Review of Methodological Approaches and the Quality of Empirical Studies on Physical Activity Behavior Change T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of scientific endeavors. The goal of this systematic review is to evaluate the quality of the research on physical activity (PA) behavior change and its potential to contribute to policy-making processes in the early days of COVID-19 related restrictions. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of methodological quality of current research according to PRISMA guidelines using Pubmed and Web of Science, of articles on PA behavior change that were published within 365 days after COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Items from the JBI checklist and the AXIS tool were used for additional risk of bias assessment. Evidence mapping is used for better visualization of the main results. Conclusions about the significance of published articles are based on hypotheses on PA behavior change in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Among the 1,903 identified articles, there were 36% opinion pieces, 53% empirical studies, and 9% reviews. Of the 332 studies included in the systematic review, 213 used self-report measures to recollect prepandemic behavior in often small convenience samples. Most focused changes in PA volume, whereas changes in PA types were rarely measured. The majority had methodological reporting flaws. Few had very large samples with objective measures using repeated measure design (pre and during the pandemic). In addition to the expected decline in PA duration, these studies show that many of those who were active prepandemic, continued to be active during the pandemic. Conclusions: Research responded quickly at the onset of the pandemic. However, most of the studies lacked robust methodology, and PA behavior change data lacked the accuracy needed to guide policy makers. To improve the field, we propose the implementation of longitudinal cohort studies by larger organizations such as WHO to ease access to data on PA behavior, and suggest those institutions set clear standards for this research. Researchers need to ensure a better fit between the measurement method and the construct being measured, and use both objective and subjective measures where appropriate to complement each other and provide a comprehensive picture of PA behavior. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 790 KW - meta-science KW - exercise KW - methods KW - quality KW - study designs KW - standards Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-563625 SN - 1866-8364 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brand, Ralf A1 - Cheval, Boris T1 - Theories to explain exercise motivation and physical inactivity BT - ways of expanding our current theoretical perspective JF - Frontiers in psychology KW - exercise KW - motivation KW - affect KW - automaticity KW - physical inactivity Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01147 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 10 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - THES A1 - Rector, Michael V. T1 - The acute effect of exercise on flow-mediated dilation in young people with cystic fibrosis T1 - Der akute Effekt des Trainings auf den Fluss vermittelte Dilatation bei jungen Menschen mit Mukoviszidose N2 - Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease which disrupts the function of an epithelial surface anion channel, CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator). Impairment to this channel leads to inflammation and infection in the lung causing the majority of morbidity and mortality. However, CF is a multiorgan disease affecting many tissues, including vascular smooth muscle. Studies have revealed young people with cystic fibrosis lacking inflammation and infection still demonstrate vascular endothelial dysfunction, measured per flow-mediated dilation (FMD). In other disease cohorts, i.e. diabetic and obese, endurance exercise interventions have been shown improve or taper this impairment. However, long-term exercise interventions are risky, as well as costly in terms of time and resources. Nevertheless, emerging research has correlated the acute effects of exercise with its long-term benefits and advocates the study of acute exercise effects on FMD prior to longitudinal studies. The acute effects of exercise on FMD have previously not been examined in young people with CF, but could yield insights on the potential benefits of long-term exercise interventions. The aims of these studies were to 1) develop and test the reliability of the FMD method and its applicability to study acute exercise effects; 2) compare baseline FMD and the acute exercise effect on FMD between young people with and without CF; and 3) explore associations between the acute effects of exercise on FMD and demographic characteristics, physical activity levels, lung function, maximal exercise capacity or inflammatory hsCRP levels. Methods: Thirty young volunteers (10 people with CF, 10 non-CF and 10 non-CF active matched controls) between the ages of 10 and 30 years old completed blood draws, pulmonary function tests, maximal exercise capacity tests and baseline FMD measurements, before returning approximately 1 week later and performing a 30-min constant load training at 75% HRmax. FMD measurements were taken prior, immediately after, 30 minutes after and 1 hour after constant load training. ANOVAs and repeated measures ANOVAs were employed to explore differences between groups and timepoints, respectively. Linear regression was implemented and evaluated to assess correlations between FMD and demographic characteristics, physical activity levels, lung function, maximal exercise capacity or inflammatory hsCRP levels. For all comparisons, statistical significance was set at a p-value of α < 0.05. Results: Young people with CF presented with decreased lung function and maximal exercise capacity compared to matched controls. Baseline FMD was also significantly decreased in the CF group (CF: 5.23% v non-CF: 8.27% v non-CF active: 9.12%). Immediately post-training, FMD was significantly attenuated (approximately 40%) in all groups with CF still demonstrating the most minimal FMD. Follow-up measurements of FMD revealed a slow recovery towards baseline values 30 min post-training and improvements in the CF and non-CF active groups 60 min post-training. Linear regression exposed significant correlations between maximal exercise capacity (VO2 peak), BMI and FMD immediately post-training. Conclusion: These new findings confirm that CF vascular endothelial dysfunction can be acutely modified by exercise and will aid in underlining the importance of exercise in CF populations. The potential benefits of long-term exercise interventions on vascular endothelial dysfunction in young people with CF warrants further investigation. N2 - Einleitung: Mukoviszidose (CF) ist eine genetische Erkrankung, die die Funktion eines Epithelien Oberflächenanionenkanals, CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), stört. Eine Beeinträchtigung dieses Kanals führt zu Entzündungen und Infektionen in der Lunge, die den Großteil der Morbidität und Mortalität verursachen. CF ist jedoch eine Multiorganerkrankung, die viele Gewebe einschließlich vaskulärer glatter Muskeln betrifft. Studien haben gezeigt, dass junge Menschen mit Mukoviszidose, die keine Entzündung und Infektion aufweisen, immer noch eine vaskuläre Dysfunktion aufweisen, gemessen anhand der durchflussbedingten Dilatation (FMD). In anderen Krankheitskohorten, u.a. Diabetes und Fettleibigkeit, wurde gezeigt, dass Ausdauersporteingriffe diese Beeinträchtigungen verbessern oder reduzieren. Langfristige Bewegungseingriffe sind jedoch riskant und kostenintensiv in Bezug auf Zeit und Ressourcen. Nichtsdestotrotz hat die aufkommende Forschung die akuten Auswirkungen von körperlicher Bewegung mit ihren langfristigen Vorteilen korreliert und befürwortet die Untersuchung akuter Bewegungseffekte auf FMD vor longitudinalen Studien. Die akuten Auswirkungen von körperlicher Bewegung auf FMD wurden bisher bei jungen Menschen mit Mukoviszidose nicht untersucht, konnten jedoch Erkenntnisse über die potenziellen Vorteile langfristiger Bewegungseingriffe liefern. Die Ziele dieser Studien waren, 1) die Zuverlässigkeit der FMD-Methode und ihre Anwendbarkeit zu entwickeln, um akute Übungseffekte zu untersuchen; 2) Vergleich der Grundlinien-FMD und der Akutübungswirkung bei FMD zwischen Jugendlichen mit und ohne CF; und 3) Zusammenhänge zwischen den akuten Auswirkungen von körperlicher Bewegung auf FMD und demographischen Merkmalen, der körperlichen Aktivität, der Lungenfunktion, der maximalen körperlichen Belastbarkeit oder den entzündlichen hsCRP-Spiegeln zu untersuchen. Methoden: Dreißig junge Freiwillige (10 CF-Patienten, 10 gesunde und 10 aktive, gesunde Kontrollpersonen) im Alter von 10 bis 30 Jahren führten zuvor Blutabnahmen, Lungenfunktionstests, maximale Belastungstests und Grundlinien-FMD-Messungen durch Rückkehr etwa 1 Woche später und Durchführung eines 30-minütigen Dauerlasttrainings bei 75% HFmax durch. FMD-Messungen wurden vor, unmittelbar nach, 30 Minuten nach und 1 Stunde nach konstantem Belastungstraining durchgeführt. ANOVAs und ANOVAs mit wiederholten Messungen wurden verwendet, um Unterschiede zwischen Gruppen bzw. Zeitpunkten zu untersuchen. Die lineare Regression wurde implementiert und evaluiert, um Korrelationen zwischen FMD und demographischen Merkmalen, körperlichen Aktivitätsniveaus, Lungenfunktion, maximaler Belastungskapazität oder inflammatorischen hsCRP-Spiegeln zu bestimmen. Für alle Vergleiche wurde die statistische Signifikanz auf einen p-Wert von α < 0,05 eingestellt. Ergebnisse: Jugendliche mit Mukoviszidose zeigten eine verminderte Lungenfunktion und maximale Belastbarkeit im Vergleich zu Kontrollpersonen. Baseline FMD (%) war auch in der CF-Gruppe (CF: 5.23% v nicht-CF: 8.27% v nicht-CF-aktive: 9.12%) signifikant verringert. Unmittelbar nach dem Training war die FMD in allen Gruppen mit CF, die immer noch die minimalste FMD aufwiesen, signifikant abgeschwächt (~40%). Follow-up-Messungen von FMD zeigte eine langsame Erholung in Richtung Baseline-Werte 30 Minuten nach dem Training und Verbesserungen in der CF-und nicht-CF-aktive Gruppen 60 Minuten nach dem Training. Die lineare Regression zeigte signifikante Korrelationen zwischen maximaler Belastungsfähigkeit (VO2-Peak), BMI und FMD unmittelbar nach dem Training. Feststellung: Diese neuen Ergebnisse bestätigen, dass die vaskuläre Dysfunktion der CF durch sportliche Betätigung akut verändert werden kann und dazu beitragen wird, die Bedeutung von Bewegung in CF-Populationen zu unterstreichen. Die potenziellen Vorteile von Langzeitübungsinterventionen bei vaskulärer Dysfunktion bei jungen CF-Patienten rechtfertigen weitere Untersuchungen. KW - cystic fibrosis KW - flow-mediated dilation KW - vascular dysfunction KW - exercise KW - Mukoviszidose KW - Fluss vermittelte Dilatation KW - vaskuläre Dysfunktion KW - Sporttraining Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-438938 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wippert, Pia-Maria A1 - Wiebking, Christine T1 - Stress and Alterations in the Pain Matrix BT - A Biopsychosocial Perspective on Back Pain and Its Prevention and Treatment T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The genesis of chronic pain is explained by a biopsychosocial model. It hypothesizes an interdependency between environmental and genetic factors provoking aberrant long-term changes in biological and psychological regulatory systems. Physiological effects of psychological and physical stressors may play a crucial role in these maladaptive processes. Specifically, long-term demands on the stress response system may moderate central pain processing and influence descending serotonergic and noradrenergic signals from the brainstem, regulating nociceptive processing at the spinal level. However, the underlying mechanisms of this pathophysiological interplay still remain unclear. This paper aims to shed light on possible pathways between physical (exercise) and psychological stress and the potential neurobiological consequences in the genesis and treatment of chronic pain, highlighting evolving concepts and promising research directions in the treatment of chronic pain. Two treatment forms (exercise and mindfulness-based stress reduction as exemplary therapies), their interaction, and the dose-response will be discussed in more detail, which might pave the way to a better understanding of alterations in the pain matrix and help to develop future prevention and therapeutic concepts T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 438 KW - stress KW - allostatic load KW - relaxation KW - back pain KW - chronic pain KW - physical activity KW - exercise KW - neuroplasticity KW - pain matrix Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-412058 IS - 438 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wippert, Pia-Maria A1 - Wiebking, Christine T1 - Stress and Alterations in the Pain Matrix BT - A Biopsychosocial Perspective on Back Pain and Its Prevention and Treatment JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health N2 - The genesis of chronic pain is explained by a biopsychosocial model. It hypothesizes an interdependency between environmental and genetic factors provoking aberrant long-term changes in biological and psychological regulatory systems. Physiological effects of psychological and physical stressors may play a crucial role in these maladaptive processes. Specifically, long-term demands on the stress response system may moderate central pain processing and influence descending serotonergic and noradrenergic signals from the brainstem, regulating nociceptive processing at the spinal level. However, the underlying mechanisms of this pathophysiological interplay still remain unclear. This paper aims to shed light on possible pathways between physical (exercise) and psychological stress and the potential neurobiological consequences in the genesis and treatment of chronic pain, highlighting evolving concepts and promising research directions in the treatment of chronic pain. Two treatment forms (exercise and mindfulness-based stress reduction as exemplary therapies), their interaction, and the dose-response will be discussed in more detail, which might pave the way to a better understanding of alterations in the pain matrix and help to develop future prevention and therapeutic concepts KW - stress KW - allostatic load KW - relaxation KW - back pain KW - chronic pain KW - physical activity KW - exercise KW - neuroplasticity KW - pain matrix Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15040785 SN - 1660-4601 SN - 1661-7827 VL - 15 IS - 4 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - MDPI AG CY - Basel ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wippert, Pia-Maria A1 - Rector, Michael V. A1 - Kuhn, Gisela A1 - Wuertz-Kozak, Karin T1 - Stress and Alterations in Bones BT - An Interdisciplinary Perspective N2 - Decades of research have demonstrated that physical stress (PS) stimulates bone remodeling and affects bone structure and function through complex mechanotransduction mechanisms. Recent research has laid ground to the hypothesis that mental stress (MS) also influences bone biology, eventually leading to osteoporosis and increased bone fracture risk. These effects are likely exerted by modulation of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity, resulting in an altered release of growth hormones, glucocorticoids and cytokines, as demonstrated in human and animal studies. Furthermore, molecular cross talk between mental and PS is thought to exist, with either synergistic or preventative effects on bone disease progression depending on the characteristics of the applied stressor. This mini review will explain the emerging concept of MS as an important player in bone adaptation and its potential cross talk with PS by summarizing the current state of knowledge, highlighting newly evolving notions (such as intergenerational transmission of stress and its epigenetic modifications affecting bone) and proposing new research directions. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 323 KW - biomechanics KW - bone–brain–nervous system interactions KW - endocrine pathways KW - exercise KW - osteoporosis Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-395866 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wippert, Pia-Maria A1 - Rector, Michael V. A1 - Kuhn, Gisela A1 - Wuertz-Kozak, Karin T1 - Stress and Alterations in Bones BT - An Interdisciplinary Perspective JF - Frontiers in endocrinology N2 - Decades of research have demonstrated that physical stress (PS) stimulates bone remodeling and affects bone structure and function through complex mechanotransduction mechanisms. Recent research has laid ground to the hypothesis that mental stress (MS) also influences bone biology, eventually leading to osteoporosis and increased bone fracture risk. These effects are likely exerted by modulation of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity, resulting in an altered release of growth hormones, glucocorticoids and cytokines, as demonstrated in human and animal studies. Furthermore, molecular cross talk between mental and PS is thought to exist, with either synergistic or preventative effects on bone disease progression depending on the characteristics of the applied stressor. This mini review will explain the emerging concept of MS as an important player in bone adaptation and its potential cross talk with PS by summarizing the current state of knowledge, highlighting newly evolving notions (such as intergenerational transmission of stress and its epigenetic modifications affecting bone) and proposing new research directions. KW - biomechanics KW - bone–brain–nervous system interactions KW - endocrine pathways KW - osteoporosis KW - exercise Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2017.00096 SN - 1664-2392 VL - 8 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - GEN A1 - Hortobágyi, Tibor A1 - Lesinski, Melanie A1 - Fernandez‐del‐Olmo, Miguel A1 - Granacher, Urs T1 - Small and inconsistent effects of whole body vibration on athletic performance BT - a systematic review and meta-analysis T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Purpose We quantified the acute and chronic effects of whole body vibration on athletic performance or its proxy measures in competitive and/or elite athletes. Methods Systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Results Whole body vibration combined with exercise had an overall 0.3 % acute effect on maximal voluntary leg force (−6.4 %, effect size = −0.43, 1 study), leg power (4.7 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.30, 6 studies), flexibility (4.6 %, effect size = −0.12 to 0.22, 2 studies), and athletic performance (−1.9 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.26, 6 studies) in 191 (103 male, 88 female) athletes representing eight sports (overall effect size = 0.28). Whole body vibration combined with exercise had an overall 10.2 % chronic effect on maximal voluntary leg force (14.6 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.44, 5 studies), leg power (10.7 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.42, 9 studies), flexibility (16.5 %, effect size = 0.57 to 0.61, 2 studies), and athletic performance (−1.2 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.45, 5 studies) in 437 (169 male, 268 female) athletes (overall effect size = 0.44). Conclusions Whole body vibration has small and inconsistent acute and chronic effects on athletic performance in competitive and/or elite athletes. These findings lead to the hypothesis that neuromuscular adaptive processes following whole body vibration are not specific enough to enhance athletic performance. Thus, other types of exercise programs (e.g., resistance training) are recommended if the goal is to improve athletic performance. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 627 KW - exercise KW - muscle KW - force KW - power KW - skill KW - reflex KW - endocrine KW - metabolism Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431993 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 627 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pérez Chaparro, Camilo Germán Alberto A1 - Schuch, Felipe Barreto A1 - Zech, Philipp A1 - Kangas, Maria A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin A1 - Heißel, Andreas T1 - Recreational Exercising and Self-Reported Cardiometabolic Diseases in German People Living with HIV: A Cross-Sectional Study T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Exercise is known for its beneficial effects on preventing cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) in the general population. People living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) are prone to sedentarism, thus raising their already elevated risk of developing CMDs in comparison to individuals without HIV. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine if exercise is associated with reduced risk of self-reported CMDs in a German HIV-positive sample (n = 446). Participants completed a self-report survey to assess exercise levels, date of HIV diagnosis, CD4 cell count, antiretroviral therapy, and CMDs. Participants were classified into exercising or sedentary conditions. Generalized linear models with Poisson regression were conducted to assess the prevalence ratio (PR) of PLWH reporting a CMD. Exercising PLWH were less likely to report a heart arrhythmia for every increase in exercise duration (PR: 0.20: 95% CI: 0.10–0.62, p < 0.01) and diabetes mellitus for every increase in exercise session per week (PR: 0.40: 95% CI: 0.10–1, p < 0.01). Exercise frequency and duration are associated with a decreased risk of reporting arrhythmia and diabetes mellitus in PLWH. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying exercise as a protective factor for CMDs in PLWH. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 768 KW - HIV KW - exercise KW - cardiovascular diseases KW - metabolic disease KW - sedentary Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-552049 SN - 1866-8364 VL - 18 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ET - 21 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pérez Chaparro, Camilo Germán Alberto A1 - Schuch, Felipe Barreto A1 - Zech, Philipp A1 - Kangas, Maria A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin A1 - Heißel, Andreas T1 - Recreational exercising and self-reported cardiometabolic diseases in German people living with HIV BT - A cross-sectional study JF - International journal of environmental research and public health : IJERPH / Molecular Diversity Preservation International N2 - Exercise is known for its beneficial effects on preventing cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) in the general population. People living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) are prone to sedentarism, thus raising their already elevated risk of developing CMDs in comparison to individuals without HIV. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine if exercise is associated with reduced risk of self-reported CMDs in a German HIV-positive sample (n = 446). Participants completed a self-report survey to assess exercise levels, date of HIV diagnosis, CD4 cell count, antiretroviral therapy, and CMDs. Participants were classified into exercising or sedentary conditions. Generalized linear models with Poisson regression were conducted to assess the prevalence ratio (PR) of PLWH reporting a CMD. Exercising PLWH were less likely to report a heart arrhythmia for every increase in exercise duration (PR: 0.20: 95% CI: 0.10–0.62, p < 0.01) and diabetes mellitus for every increase in exercise session per week (PR: 0.40: 95% CI: 0.10–1, p < 0.01). Exercise frequency and duration are associated with a decreased risk of reporting arrhythmia and diabetes mellitus in PLWH. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying exercise as a protective factor for CMDs in PLWH. KW - HIV KW - exercise KW - cardiovascular diseases KW - metabolic disease KW - sedentary Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111579 SN - 1660-4601 VL - 18 IS - 21 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pérez Chaparro, Camilo Germán Alberto A1 - Kangas, Maria A1 - Zech, Philipp A1 - Schuch, Felipe B. A1 - Rapp, Michael A. A1 - Heißel, Andreas T1 - Recreational exercise is associated with lower prevalence of depression and anxiety and better quality of life in German people living with HIV JF - AIDS care : psychological and socio-medical aspects of AIDS/HIV N2 - Sedentarism is a risk factor for depression and anxiety. People living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) have a higher prevalence of anxiety and depression compared to HIV-negative individuals. This cross-sectional study (n = 450, median age 44 (19-75), 7.3% females) evaluates the prevalence rates and prevalence ratio (PR) of anxiety and/or depression in PLWH associated with recreational exercise. A decreased likelihood of having anxiety (PR=0.57; 0.36-0.91; p = 0.01), depression (PR=0.41; 0.36-0.94; p=0.01), and comorbid anxiety and depression (PR = 0,43; 0.24-0.75; p=0.002) was found in exercising compared to non-exercising PLWH. Recreational exercise is associated with a lower risk for anxiety and/or depression. Further prospective studies are needed to provide insights on the direction of this association. KW - HIV KW - depression KW - anxiety KW - exercise Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2021.1889951 SN - 1360-0451 VL - 34 IS - 2 SP - 182 EP - 187 PB - Taylor & Francis Group CY - London [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo A1 - Moran, Jason A1 - Oliver, Jonathan L. A1 - Pedley, Jason S. A1 - Lloyd, Rhodri S. A1 - Granacher, Urs T1 - Programming Plyometric-Jump Training in Soccer: A Review JF - Sports N2 - The aim of this review was to describe and summarize the scientific literature on programming parameters related to jump or plyometric training in male and female soccer players of different ages and fitness levels. A literature search was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus using keywords related to the main topic of this study (e.g., “ballistic” and “plyometric”). According to the PICOS framework, the population for the review was restricted to soccer players, involved in jump or plyometric training. Among 7556 identified studies, 90 were eligible for inclusion. Only 12 studies were found for females. Most studies (n = 52) were conducted with youth male players. Moreover, only 35 studies determined the effectiveness of a given jump training programming factor. Based on the limited available research, it seems that a dose of 7 weeks (1–2 sessions per week), with ~80 jumps (specific of combined types) per session, using near-maximal or maximal intensity, with adequate recovery between repetitions (<15 s), sets (≥30 s) and sessions (≥24–48 h), using progressive overload and taper strategies, using appropriate surfaces (e.g., grass), and applied in a well-rested state, when combined with other training methods, would increase the outcome of effective and safe plyometric-jump training interventions aimed at improving soccer players physical fitness. In conclusion, jump training is an effective and easy-to-administer training approach for youth, adult, male and female soccer players. However, optimal programming for plyometric-jump training in soccer is yet to be determined in future research. KW - human physical conditioning KW - exercise KW - resistance training KW - muscle strength KW - plyometric exercise KW - musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena KW - movement KW - sports KW - football KW - youth sport Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/sports10060094 SN - 2075-4663 VL - 10 SP - 1 EP - 20 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ET - 6 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo A1 - Moran, Jason A1 - Oliver, Jonathan L. A1 - Pedley, Jason S. A1 - Lloyd, Rhodri S. A1 - Granacher, Urs T1 - Programming Plyometric-Jump Training in Soccer: A Review T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The aim of this review was to describe and summarize the scientific literature on programming parameters related to jump or plyometric training in male and female soccer players of different ages and fitness levels. A literature search was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus using keywords related to the main topic of this study (e.g., “ballistic” and “plyometric”). According to the PICOS framework, the population for the review was restricted to soccer players, involved in jump or plyometric training. Among 7556 identified studies, 90 were eligible for inclusion. Only 12 studies were found for females. Most studies (n = 52) were conducted with youth male players. Moreover, only 35 studies determined the effectiveness of a given jump training programming factor. Based on the limited available research, it seems that a dose of 7 weeks (1–2 sessions per week), with ~80 jumps (specific of combined types) per session, using near-maximal or maximal intensity, with adequate recovery between repetitions (<15 s), sets (≥30 s) and sessions (≥24–48 h), using progressive overload and taper strategies, using appropriate surfaces (e.g., grass), and applied in a well-rested state, when combined with other training methods, would increase the outcome of effective and safe plyometric-jump training interventions aimed at improving soccer players physical fitness. In conclusion, jump training is an effective and easy-to-administer training approach for youth, adult, male and female soccer players. However, optimal programming for plyometric-jump training in soccer is yet to be determined in future research. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 813 KW - human physical conditioning KW - exercise KW - resistance training KW - muscle strength KW - plyometric exercise KW - musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena KW - movement KW - sports KW - football KW - youth sport Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-581031 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 813 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schuch, Felipe B. A1 - Stubbs, Brendon A1 - Meyer, Jacob A1 - Heissel, Andreas A1 - Zech, Philipp A1 - Vancampfort, Davy A1 - Rosenbaum, Simon A1 - Deenik, Jeroen A1 - Firth, Joseph A1 - Ward, Philip B. A1 - Carvalho, Andre F. A1 - Hiles, Sarah A. T1 - Physical activity protects from incident anxiety: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies JF - Depression and anxiety N2 - Background Prospective cohorts have suggested that physical activity (PA) can decrease the risk of incident anxiety. However, no meta-analysis has been conducted. Aims To examine the prospective relationship between PA and incident anxiety and explore potential moderators. Methods Searches were conducted on major databases from inception to October 10, 2018 for prospective studies (at least 1 year of follow-up) that calculated the odds ratio (OR) of incident anxiety in people with high PA against people with low PA. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted and heterogeneity was explored using subgroup and meta-regression analysis. Results Across 14 cohorts of 13 unique prospective studies (N = 75,831, median males = 50.1%) followed for 357,424 person-years, people with high self-reported PA (versus low PA) were at reduced odds of developing anxiety (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.74; 95% confidence level [95% CI] = 0.62, 0.88; crude OR = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.69, 0.92). High self-reported PA was protective against the emergence of agoraphobia (AOR = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.18, 0.98) and posttraumatic stress disorder (AOR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.39, 0.85). The protective effects for anxiety were evident in Asia (AOR = 0.31; 95% CI = 0.10, 0.96) and Europe (AOR = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.69, 0.97); for children/adolescents (AOR = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.29, 0.90) and adults (AOR = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.69, 0.95). Results remained robust when adjusting for confounding factors. Overall study quality was moderate to high (mean NOS = 6.7 out of 9). Conclusion Evidence supports the notion that self-reported PA can confer protection against the emergence of anxiety regardless of demographic factors. In particular, higher PA levels protects from agoraphobia and posttraumatic disorder. KW - agoraphobia KW - anxiety KW - exercise KW - incidence KW - meta-analysis KW - panic KW - physical activity KW - posttraumatic stress disorder KW - protection Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22915 SN - 1091-4269 SN - 1520-6394 VL - 36 IS - 9 SP - 846 EP - 858 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - THES A1 - Pérez Chaparro, Camilo Germán Alberto T1 - Non-HIV comorbidities and exercise in German people living with HIV T1 - Nicht-HIV-Komorbiditäten und Bewegung bei deutschen Menschen, die mit HIV leben N2 - The post-antiretroviral therapy era has transformed HIV into a chronic disease and non-HIV comorbidities (i.e., cardiovascular and mental diseases) are more prevalent in PLWH. The source of these non-HIV comorbidities aside from traditional risk factor include HIV infection, inflammation, distorted immune activation, burden of chronic diseases, and unhealthy lifestyle like sedentarism. Exercise is known for its beneficial effects in mental and physical health; reasons why exercise is recommended to prevent and treat difference cardiovascular and mental diseases in the general population. This cumulative thesis aimed to comprehend the relation exercise has to non-HIV comorbidities in German PLWH. Four studies were conducted to 1) understand exercise effects in cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength on PLWH through a systematic review and meta-analyses and 2) determine the likelihood of German PLWH developing non-HIV comorbidities, in a cross-sectional study. Meta-analytic examination indicates PLWH cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max SMD = 0.61 ml·kg·min-1, 95% CI: 0.35-0.88, z = 4.47, p < 0.001, I2 = 50%) and strength (of remark lowerbody strength by 16.8 kg, 95% CI: 13–20.6, p< 0.001) improves after an exercise intervention in comparison to a control group. Cross-sectional data suggest exercise has a positive effect on German PLWH mental health (less anxiety and depressive symptoms) and protects against the development of anxiety (PR: 0.57, 95%IC: 0.36 – 0.91, p = 0.01) and depression (PR: 0.62, 95%IC: 0.41 – 0.94, p = 0.01). Likewise, exercise duration is related to a lower likelihood of reporting heart arrhythmias (PR: 0.20, 95%IC: 0.10 – 0.60, p < 0.01) and exercise frequency to a lower likelihood of reporting diabetes mellitus (PR: 0.40, 95%IC: 0.10 – 1, p < 0.01) in German PLWH. A preliminary recommendation for German PLWH who want to engage in exercise can be to exercise ≥ 1 time per week, at an intensity of 5 METs per session or > 103 MET·min·day-1, with a duration ≥ 150 minutes per week. Nevertheless, further research is needed to comprehend exercise dose response and protective effect for cardiovascular diseases, anxiety, and depression in German PLWH. N2 - In der Zeit seit der antiretroviralen Therapie hat sich HIV zu einer chronischen Erkrankung entwickelt und Nicht-HIV-Komorbiditäten, z.B. Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen und psychische Erkrankungen, treten bei Menschen, die mit HIV leben, häufiger auf. Die Herkunft dieser Nicht-HIV-Komorbiditäten, neben den traditionellen Risikofaktoren, sind HIV-Infektion, chronische Entzündung, eine gestörte Immunaktivierung, chronische Erkrankungen und eine ungesunde Lebensweise wie Bewegungsmangel. Bewegung ist bekannt für seine positive Wirkung auf die mentale und körperliche Gesundheit; das ist der Grund, warum Bewegung in der Prävention und der Behandlung verschiedener Herz-Kreislauf- und psychischer Erkrankungen in der Allgemeinbevölkerung empfohlen wird. Ziel dieser kumulativen Arbeit war es, den Zusammenhang zwischen körperlicher Bewegung und nicht-HIV-Komorbiditäten bei deutschen Menschen, die mit HIV leben zu untersuchen. Vier Studien wurden durchgeführt, um 1) die Auswirkungen von Bewegung auf die kardiorespiratorische Fitness und die Muskelkraft von HIV-Infizierten durch eine systematische Übersichtsarbeit und Meta-Analysen zu verstehen und 2) zu bestimmen, ob HIV-positive Menschen, die Bewegung treiben, entwickeln einen Nicht-HIV-Komorbiditäten. Die metaanalytische Untersuchung zeigt, dass sich die kardiorespiratorische Fitness (VO2max SMD = 0.61 mlkgmin-1, 95 % CI: 0.35-0.88, z = 4.47, p < 0.001, I2 = 50 %) und Kraft (Besonders in den unteren Extremitäten 16.8 kg, 95 % CI: 13–20.6, p< 0.001) nach einer Trainingsintervention im Vergleich zu einer Kontrollgruppe verbessert. Querschnittdaten deuten darauf hin, dass Bewegung eine positive Wirkung auf die psychische Gesundheit den deutschen Menschen, die mit HIV leben hat (weniger Angst und depressive Symptome) und vor der Entwicklung von Angst (PR: 0,57, 95 % IC: 0,36 - 0,91, p = 0,01) und Depression (PR: 0,62, 95 % IC: 0,41 - 0,94, p = 0,01) schützt. Ebenso geht die Dauer der Bewegung mit einer geringeren Wahrscheinlichkeit für Herzrhythmusstörungen einher, (PR: 0,20, 95 % IC: 0,10 - 0,60, p < 0,01). Eine vorläufige Empfehlung für deutsche Menschen, die mit HIV leben und die sich sportlich betätigen wollen, kann sein, ³ 1-mal pro Woche mit einer Intensität von 5 METs und einer Dauer von ³ 60 Minuten zu trainieren. Dennoch sind weitere Forschungen erforderlich, um die Dosiswirkung und die schützende Wirkung von Bewegung auf Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen, Angst und Depression bei deutschen Menschen, die mit HIV leben zu verstehen. KW - HIV KW - cardiovascular disease KW - anxiety KW - depression KW - exercise KW - Menschen, die mit HIV leben KW - Angst KW - Depression KW - kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen KW - Bewegung Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-560842 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kangas, Maria A1 - Heissel, Andreas T1 - Mental health literacy, treatment preferences and the lived experience of mental health problems in an Australian cancer sample JF - Psycho-oncology N2 - Objectives: The prevalence rates for mental health (MH) problems in cancer patients is high, although reduced uptake of services may be influenced by mental health literacy (MHL). The objective of this study was to investigate the MHL for depression and panic disorder (PD), including treatment preferences in Australian adults who had been diagnosed and treated for cancer, and whether MHL and treatment preferences was influenced by sex, age, and individuals' lived MH experience. Method: A total of 421 cancer survivors (n = 378 females) completed a self-report survey. Participants were asked to specify whether they had a lived experience with anxiety and/or depression, and to indicate treatment preferences for managing cancer-related distress. Two vignettes were administered to assess MHL for depression and PD. Results: The MHL accuracy for depression was higher than PD. Accuracy rates were higher for females with a lived experience with anxiety and/or depression; although the accuracy rate for PD was significantly lower in males. A high proportion of individuals preferred exercise and in-person counselling to manage depression and PD. Internet-based therapies were not strongly preferred for managing MH problems. Conclusions: The MHL for depression and PD is moderate for adult cancer survivors, with higher levels indicated for individuals with a personal lived experience with anxiety and/or depression. Public health campaigns for enhancing MHL should broaden to include individuals experiencing comorbid physical health conditions. Health providers also need to take into account client preferences for evidence-based therapies. KW - anxiety KW - cancer KW - exercise KW - major depression KW - mental health KW - preferences KW - psycho-oncology KW - treatment Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.5520 SN - 1057-9249 SN - 1099-1611 VL - 29 IS - 11 SP - 1883 EP - 1894 PB - Wiley CY - New York, NY ER - TY - GEN A1 - Niederer, Daniel A1 - Vogt, Lutz A1 - Wippert, Pia-Maria A1 - Puschmann, Anne-Katrin A1 - Pfeifer, Ann-Christin A1 - Schiltenwolf, Marcus A1 - Banzer, Winfried A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Medicine in spine exercise (MiSpEx) for nonspecific low back pain patients BT - study protocol for a multicentre, single-blind randomized controlled trial T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background: Arising from the relevance of sensorimotor training in the therapy of nonspecific low back pain patients and from the value of individualized therapy, the present trial aims to test the feasibility and efficacy of individualized sensorimotor training interventions in patients suffering from nonspecific low back pain. Methods and study design: A multicentre, single-blind two-armed randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of a 12-week (3 weeks supervised centre-based and 9 weeks home-based) individualized sensorimotor exercise program is performed. The control group stays inactive during this period. Outcomes are pain, and pain-associated function as well as motor function in adults with nonspecific low back pain. Each participant is scheduled to five measurement dates: baseline (M1), following centre-based training (M2), following home-based training (M3) and at two follow-up time points 6 months (M4) and 12 months (M5) after M1. All investigations and the assessment of the primary and secondary outcomes are performed in a standardized order: questionnaires – clinical examination – biomechanics (motor function). Subsequent statistical procedures are executed after the examination of underlying assumptions for parametric or rather non-parametric testing. Discussion: The results and practical relevance of the study will be of clinical and practical relevance not only for researchers and policy makers but also for the general population suffering from nonspecific low back pain. Trial registration: Identification number DRKS00010129. German Clinical Trial registered on 3 March 2016. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 444 KW - sensorimotor training KW - motor control KW - exercise KW - low back painExercise KW - functional capacity KW - individualized intervention Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-407308 IS - 444 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hansen, Dominique A1 - Kraenkel, Nicolle A1 - Kemps, Hareld A1 - Wilhelm, Matthias A1 - Abreu, Ana A1 - Pfeiffer, Andreas F. H. A1 - Jordao, Alda A1 - Cornelissen, Veronique A1 - Völler, Heinz T1 - Management of patients with type 2 diabetes in cardiovascular rehabilitation JF - European journal of preventive cardiology : the official ESC journal for primary & secondary cardiovascular prevention, rehabilitation and sports cardiology N2 - The clinical benefits of rehabilitation in cardiovascular disease are well established. Among cardiovascular disease patients, however, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus require a distinct approach. Specific challenges to clinicians and healthcare professionals in patients with type 2 diabetes include the prevalence of peripheral and autonomic neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, but also the intake of glucose-lowering medication. In addition, the psychosocial wellbeing, driving ability and/or occupational status can be affected by type 2 diabetes. As a result, the target parameters of cardiovascular rehabilitation and the characteristics of the cardiovascular rehabilitation programme in patients with type 2 diabetes often require significant reconsideration and a multidisciplinary approach. This review explains how to deal with diabetes-associated comorbidities in the intake screening of patients with type 2 diabetes entering a cardiovascular rehabilitation programme. Furthermore, we discuss diabetes-specific target parameters and characteristics of cardiovascular rehabilitation programmes for patients with type 2 diabetes in a multidisciplinary context, including the implementation of guideline-directed medical therapy. KW - Diabetes KW - cardiovascular rehabilitation KW - intake screening KW - exercise Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487319882820 SN - 2047-4873 SN - 2047-4881 VL - 26 IS - 2_SUPPL SP - 133 EP - 144 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Brand, Ralf A1 - Ulrich, Lukas T1 - I Can See It in Your Face. BT - Affective Valuation of Exercise in More or Less Physically Active Individuals T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The purpose of this study was to illustrate that people’s affective valuation of exercise can be identified in their faces. The study was conducted with a software for automatic facial expression analysis and it involved testing the hypothesis that positive or negative affective valuation occurs spontaneously when people are reminded of exercise. We created a task similar to an emotional Stroop task, in which participants responded to exercise-related and control stimuli with a positive or negative facial expression (smile or frown) depending on whether the photo was presented upright or tilted. We further asked participants how much time they would normally spend for physical exercise, because we assumed that the affective valuation of those who exercise more would be more positive. Based on the data of 86 participants, regression analysis revealed that those who reported less exercise and a more negative reflective evaluation of exercise initiated negative facial expressions on exercise-related stimuli significantly faster than those who reported exercising more often. No significant effect was observed for smile responses. We suspect that responding with a smile to exercise-related stimuli was the congruent response for the majority of our participants, so that for them no Stroop interference occurred in the exercise-related condition. This study suggests that immediate negative affective reactions to exercise-related stimuli result from a postconscious automatic process and can be detected in the study participants’ faces. It furthermore illustrates how methodological paradigms from social–cognition research (here: the emotional Stroop paradigm) can be adapted to collect and analyze biometric data for the investigation of exercisers’ and non-exercisers’ automatic valuations of exercise. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 597 KW - motivation KW - exercise KW - emotion KW - automatic facial expression analysis KW - Stroop effect Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-444481 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 597 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brand, Ralf A1 - Ulrich, Lukas T1 - I Can See It in Your Face. BT - Affective Valuation of Exercise in More or Less Physically Active Individuals JF - Frontiers in Psychology N2 - The purpose of this study was to illustrate that people’s affective valuation of exercise can be identified in their faces. The study was conducted with a software for automatic facial expression analysis and it involved testing the hypothesis that positive or negative affective valuation occurs spontaneously when people are reminded of exercise. We created a task similar to an emotional Stroop task, in which participants responded to exercise-related and control stimuli with a positive or negative facial expression (smile or frown) depending on whether the photo was presented upright or tilted. We further asked participants how much time they would normally spend for physical exercise, because we assumed that the affective valuation of those who exercise more would be more positive. Based on the data of 86 participants, regression analysis revealed that those who reported less exercise and a more negative reflective evaluation of exercise initiated negative facial expressions on exercise-related stimuli significantly faster than those who reported exercising more often. No significant effect was observed for smile responses. We suspect that responding with a smile to exercise-related stimuli was the congruent response for the majority of our participants, so that for them no Stroop interference occurred in the exercise-related condition. This study suggests that immediate negative affective reactions to exercise-related stimuli result from a postconscious automatic process and can be detected in the study participants’ faces. It furthermore illustrates how methodological paradigms from social–cognition research (here: the emotional Stroop paradigm) can be adapted to collect and analyze biometric data for the investigation of exercisers’ and non-exercisers’ automatic valuations of exercise. KW - motivation KW - exercise KW - emotion KW - automatic facial expression analysis KW - Stroop effect Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02901 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 10 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Delfan, Maryam A1 - Juybari, Raheleh Amadeh A1 - Gorgani-Firuzjaee, Sattar A1 - Nielsen, Jens Høiriis A1 - Delfan, Neda A1 - Laher, Ismail A1 - Saeidi, Ayoub A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Zouhal, Hassane T1 - High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Cardiac Function by miR-206 Dependent HSP60 Induction in Diabetic Rats JF - Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine N2 - Objective: A role for microRNAs is implicated in several biological and pathological processes. We investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on molecular markers of diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats. Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats (260 ± 10 g; aged 8 weeks) with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (55 mg/kg, IP) were randomly allocated to three groups: control, MICT, and HIIT. The two different training protocols were performed 5 days each week for 5 weeks. Cardiac performance (end-systolic and end-diastolic dimensions, ejection fraction), the expression of miR-206, HSP60, and markers of apoptosis (cleaved PARP and cytochrome C) were determined at the end of the exercise interventions. Results: Both exercise interventions (HIIT and MICT) decreased blood glucose levels and improved cardiac performance, with greater changes in the HIIT group (p < 0.001, η2: 0.909). While the expressions of miR-206 and apoptotic markers decreased in both training protocols (p < 0.001, η2: 0.967), HIIT caused greater reductions in apoptotic markers and produced a 20% greater reduction in miR-206 compared with the MICT protocol (p < 0.001). Furthermore, both training protocols enhanced the expression of HSP60 (p < 0.001, η2: 0.976), with a nearly 50% greater increase in the HIIT group compared with MICT. Conclusions: Our results indicate that both exercise protocols, HIIT and MICT, have the potential to reduce diabetic cardiomyopathy by modifying the expression of miR-206 and its downstream targets of apoptosis. It seems however that HIIT is even more effective than MICT to modulate these molecular markers. KW - diabetes KW - apoptosis KW - miRNAs KW - exercise KW - cardiomyopathy Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.927956 SN - 2297-055X VL - 9 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - GEN A1 - Delfan, Maryam A1 - Juybari, Raheleh Amadeh A1 - Gorgani-Firuzjaee, Sattar A1 - Nielsen, Jens Høiriis A1 - Delfan, Neda A1 - Laher, Ismail A1 - Saeidi, Ayoub A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Zouhal, Hassane T1 - High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Cardiac Function by miR-206 Dependent HSP60 Induction in Diabetic Rats T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Objective: A role for microRNAs is implicated in several biological and pathological processes. We investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on molecular markers of diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats. Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats (260 ± 10 g; aged 8 weeks) with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (55 mg/kg, IP) were randomly allocated to three groups: control, MICT, and HIIT. The two different training protocols were performed 5 days each week for 5 weeks. Cardiac performance (end-systolic and end-diastolic dimensions, ejection fraction), the expression of miR-206, HSP60, and markers of apoptosis (cleaved PARP and cytochrome C) were determined at the end of the exercise interventions. Results: Both exercise interventions (HIIT and MICT) decreased blood glucose levels and improved cardiac performance, with greater changes in the HIIT group (p < 0.001, η2: 0.909). While the expressions of miR-206 and apoptotic markers decreased in both training protocols (p < 0.001, η2: 0.967), HIIT caused greater reductions in apoptotic markers and produced a 20% greater reduction in miR-206 compared with the MICT protocol (p < 0.001). Furthermore, both training protocols enhanced the expression of HSP60 (p < 0.001, η2: 0.976), with a nearly 50% greater increase in the HIIT group compared with MICT. Conclusions: Our results indicate that both exercise protocols, HIIT and MICT, have the potential to reduce diabetic cardiomyopathy by modifying the expression of miR-206 and its downstream targets of apoptosis. It seems however that HIIT is even more effective than MICT to modulate these molecular markers. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 802 KW - diabetes KW - apoptosis KW - miRNAs KW - exercise KW - cardiomyopathy Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-567238 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 802 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Engel, Tilman A1 - Schraplau, Anne A1 - Wochatz, Monique A1 - Kopinski, Stephan A1 - Sonnenburg, Dominik A1 - Schomöller, Anne A1 - Risch, Lucie A1 - Kaplick, Hannes A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Feasability of An Eccentric Isokinetic Protocol to Induce Trunk Muscle Damage: A Pilot Study JF - Sports Medicine International Open N2 - Eccentric exercise is discussed as a treatment option for clinical populations, but specific responses in terms of muscle damage and systemic inflammation after repeated loading of large muscle groups have not been conclusively characterized. Therefore, this study tested the feasibility of an isokinetic protocol for repeated maximum eccentric loading of the trunk muscles. Nine asymptomatic participants (5 f/4 m; 34±6 yrs; 175±13 cm; 76±17 kg) performed three isokinetic 2-minute all-out trunk strength tests (1x concentric (CON), 2x eccentric (ECC1, ECC2), 2 weeks apart; flexion/extension, 60°/s, ROM 55°). Outcomes were peak torque, torque decline, total work, and indicators of muscle damage and inflammation (over 168 h). Statistics were done using the Friedman test (Dunn’s post-test). For ECC1 and ECC2, peak torque and total work were increased and torque decline reduced compared to CON. Repeated ECC bouts yielded unaltered torque and work outcomes. Muscle damage markers were highest after ECC1 (soreness 48 h, creatine kinase 72 h; p<0.05). Their overall responses (area under the curve) were abolished post-ECC2 compared to post-ECC1 (p<0.05). Interleukin-6 was higher post-ECC1 than CON, and attenuated post-ECC2 (p>0.05). Interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α were not detectable. All markers showed high inter-individual variability. The protocol was feasible to induce muscle damage indicators after exercising a large muscle group, but the pilot results indicated only weak systemic inflammatory responses in asymptomatic adults. KW - exercise KW - eccentric KW - muscle fatigue KW - trunk muscles KW - isokinetics KW - repeated bout effect KW - inflammation KW - exercise induced muscle damage KW - interleukin-6 KW - internleukin-10 KW - tumor necrosis factor-α Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1757-6724 SN - 2367-1890 VL - 6 SP - E9 EP - E17 PB - Thieme CY - Stuttgart ET - 1 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Engel, Tilman A1 - Schraplau, Anne A1 - Wochatz, Monique A1 - Kopinski, Stephan A1 - Sonnenburg, Dominik A1 - Schomöller, Anne A1 - Risch, Lucie A1 - Kaplick, Hannes A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Feasability of An Eccentric Isokinetic Protocol to Induce Trunk Muscle Damage: A Pilot Study T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Eccentric exercise is discussed as a treatment option for clinical populations, but specific responses in terms of muscle damage and systemic inflammation after repeated loading of large muscle groups have not been conclusively characterized. Therefore, this study tested the feasibility of an isokinetic protocol for repeated maximum eccentric loading of the trunk muscles. Nine asymptomatic participants (5 f/4 m; 34±6 yrs; 175±13 cm; 76±17 kg) performed three isokinetic 2-minute all-out trunk strength tests (1x concentric (CON), 2x eccentric (ECC1, ECC2), 2 weeks apart; flexion/extension, 60°/s, ROM 55°). Outcomes were peak torque, torque decline, total work, and indicators of muscle damage and inflammation (over 168 h). Statistics were done using the Friedman test (Dunn’s post-test). For ECC1 and ECC2, peak torque and total work were increased and torque decline reduced compared to CON. Repeated ECC bouts yielded unaltered torque and work outcomes. Muscle damage markers were highest after ECC1 (soreness 48 h, creatine kinase 72 h; p<0.05). Their overall responses (area under the curve) were abolished post-ECC2 compared to post-ECC1 (p<0.05). Interleukin-6 was higher post-ECC1 than CON, and attenuated post-ECC2 (p>0.05). Interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α were not detectable. All markers showed high inter-individual variability. The protocol was feasible to induce muscle damage indicators after exercising a large muscle group, but the pilot results indicated only weak systemic inflammatory responses in asymptomatic adults. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 773 KW - exercise KW - eccentric KW - muscle fatigue KW - trunk muscles KW - isokinetics KW - repeated bout effect KW - inflammation KW - exercise induced muscle damage KW - interleukin-6 KW - internleukin-10 KW - tumor necrosis factor-α Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-557409 SN - 1866-8364 SP - E9 EP - E17 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schweizer, Geoffrey A1 - Bluemke, Matthias A1 - Brand, Ralf A1 - Kahlert, Daniela T1 - Exercise might be good for me, but I don't feel good about it : do automatic associations predict exercise behavior? N2 - Models employed in exercise psychology highlight the role of reflective processes for explaining behavior change. However, as discussed in social cognition literature, information-processing models also consider automatic processes (dual-process models). To examine the relevance of automatic processing in exercise psychology, we used a priming task to assess the automatic evaluations of exercise stimuli in physically active sport and exercise majors (n = 32), physically active nonsport majors (n = 31), and inactive students (n = 31). Results showed that physically active students responded faster to positive words after exercise primes, whereas inactive students responded more rapidly to negative words. Priming task reaction times were successfully used to predict reported amounts of exercise in an ordinal regression model. Findings were obtained only with experiential items reflecting negative and positive consequences of exercise. The results illustrate the potential importance of dual-process models in exercise psychology. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 178 KW - exercise KW - health behavior KW - automatic processes KW - evaluative priming KW - affective priming Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-42510 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Singh, Gaurav A1 - Kushwah, Gaurav Singh A1 - Singh, Tanvi A1 - Thapa, Rohit Kumar A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo T1 - Effects of sand-based plyometric-jump training in combination with endurance running on outdoor or treadmill surface on physical fitness in young adult males JF - Journal of sports science & medicine N2 - This study aimed at examining the effects of nine weeks of sand-based plyometric jump training (PJT) combined with endurance running on either outdoor or treadmill surface on measures of physical fitness. Male participants (age, 20.1 +/- 1.7 years) were randomly assigned to a sand-based PJT combined with endurance running on outdoor surface (OT, n = 25) or treadmill surface (TT, n = 25). The endurance miming intervention comprised a mixed training method, i.e., long slow distance, tempo, and interval running drills. A control group was additionally included in this study (CG, n = 25). Participants in CG followed their regular physical activity as OT and TT but did not receive any specific intervention. Individuals were assessed for their 50-m linear sprint time, standing long jump (SLJ) distance, cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e., Cooper test), forced vital capacity (FVC), calf girth, and resting heart rate (RHR). A three (groups: OT, TT, CG) by two (time: pre, post) ANOVA for repeated measures was used to analyze the exercise-specific effects. In case of significant group-by-time interactions, Bonferroni adjusted paired (within-group) and independent (between-group comparisons at post) t-tests were used for post-hoc analyses. Significant group-by-time interactions were found for all dependent variables (p < 0.001 - 0.002, eta(2)(p) = 0.16 - 0.78). Group-specific post-hoc tests showed improvements for all variables after OT (p < 0.001, Hedges'g effect size [g] = 0.05 - 1.94) and TT (p < 0.001, g = 0.04 - 2.73), but not in the CG (p = 0.058 - 1.000, g = 0.00 - 0.34). Compared to CG, OT showed larger SLJ (p = 0.001), cardiorespiratory fitness (p = 0.004), FVC (p = 0.008), and RHR (p < 0.001) improvements. TT showed larger improvements in SLJ (p = 0.036), cardiorespiratory fitness (p < 0.001), and RHR (p < 0.001) compared with CG. Compared to OT, TT showed larger improvements for SLJ (p = 0.018). In conclusion, sand-based PJT combined with either OT or TT similarly improved most measures of physical fitness, with greater SLJ improvement after TT. Coaches may use both concurrent exercise regimes based on preferences and logistical constrains (e.g., weather; access to treadmill equipment). KW - Muscle strength KW - musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena KW - movement KW - resistance training KW - high-intensity interval training KW - exercise Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.52082/jssm.2022.277 SN - 1303-2968 VL - 21 IS - 2 SP - 277 EP - 286 PB - Department of Sports Medicine, Medical Faculty of Uludag University CY - Bursa ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ramachandran, Akhilesh Kumar A1 - Singh, Utkarsh A1 - Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo A1 - Clemente, Filipe Manuel A1 - Afonso, José A1 - Granacher, Urs T1 - Effects of Plyometric Jump Training on Balance Performance in Healthy Participants: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis / Effects of plyometric-jump training on balance performance in healthy individuals across the lifespan: A systematic review with meta-analysisist T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Postural balance represents a fundamental movement skill for the successful performance of everyday and sport-related activities. There is ample evidence on the effectiveness of balance training on balance performance in athletic and non-athletic population. However, less is known on potential transfer effects of other training types, such as plyometric jump training (PJT) on measures of balance. Given that PJT is a highly dynamic exercise mode with various forms of jump-landing tasks, high levels of postural control are needed to successfully perform PJT exercises. Accordingly, PJT has the potential to not only improve measures of muscle strength and power but also balance. To systematically review and synthetize evidence from randomized and non-randomized controlled trials regarding the effects of PJT on measures of balance in apparently healthy participants. Systematic literature searches were performed in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. A PICOS approach was applied to define inclusion criteria, (i) apparently healthy participants, with no restrictions on their fitness level, sex, or age, (ii) a PJT program, (iii) active controls (any sport-related activity) or specific active controls (a specific exercise type such as balance training), (iv) assessment of dynamic, static balance pre- and post-PJT, (v) randomized controlled trials and controlled trials. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. This meta-analysis was computed using the inverse variance random-effects model. The significance level was set at p <0.05. The initial search retrieved 8,251 plus 23 records identified through other sources. Forty-two articles met our inclusion criteria for qualitative and 38 for quantitative analysis (1,806 participants [990 males, 816 females], age range 9–63 years). PJT interventions lasted between 4 and 36 weeks. The median PEDro score was 6 and no study had low methodological quality (≤3). The analysis revealed significant small effects of PJT on overall (dynamic and static) balance (ES = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.32–0.61; p < 0.001), dynamic (e.g., Y-balance test) balance (ES = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.30–0.71; p < 0.001), and static (e.g., flamingo balance test) balance (ES = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.31–0.67; p < 0.001). The moderator analyses revealed that sex and/or age did not moderate balance performance outcomes. When PJT was compared to specific active controls (i.e., participants undergoing balance training, whole body vibration training, resistance training), both PJT and alternative training methods showed similar effects on overall (dynamic and static) balance (p = 0.534). Specifically, when PJT was compared to balance training, both training types showed similar effects on overall (dynamic and static) balance (p = 0.514). Conclusion: Compared to active controls, PJT showed small effects on overall balance, dynamic and static balance. Additionally, PJT produced similar balance improvements compared to other training types (i.e., balance training). Although PJT is widely used in athletic and recreational sport settings to improve athletes' physical fitness (e.g., jumping; sprinting), our systematic review with meta-analysis is novel in as much as it indicates that PJT also improves balance performance. The observed PJT-related balance enhancements were irrespective of sex and participants' age. Therefore, PJT appears to be an adequate training regime to improve balance in both, athletic and recreational settings. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 722 KW - plyometric exercise KW - human physical conditioning KW - resistance training KW - postural control KW - exercise KW - movement Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-524034 SN - 1866-8364 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ramachandran, Akhilesh Kumar A1 - Singh, Utkarsh A1 - Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo A1 - Clemente, Filipe Manuel A1 - Afonso, José A1 - Granacher, Urs T1 - Effects of Plyometric Jump Training on Balance Performance in Healthy Participants: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis / Effects of plyometric-jump training on balance performance in healthy individuals across the lifespan: A systematic review with meta-analysisist JF - Frontiers in Physiology N2 - Postural balance represents a fundamental movement skill for the successful performance of everyday and sport-related activities. There is ample evidence on the effectiveness of balance training on balance performance in athletic and non-athletic population. However, less is known on potential transfer effects of other training types, such as plyometric jump training (PJT) on measures of balance. Given that PJT is a highly dynamic exercise mode with various forms of jump-landing tasks, high levels of postural control are needed to successfully perform PJT exercises. Accordingly, PJT has the potential to not only improve measures of muscle strength and power but also balance. To systematically review and synthetize evidence from randomized and non-randomized controlled trials regarding the effects of PJT on measures of balance in apparently healthy participants. Systematic literature searches were performed in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. A PICOS approach was applied to define inclusion criteria, (i) apparently healthy participants, with no restrictions on their fitness level, sex, or age, (ii) a PJT program, (iii) active controls (any sport-related activity) or specific active controls (a specific exercise type such as balance training), (iv) assessment of dynamic, static balance pre- and post-PJT, (v) randomized controlled trials and controlled trials. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. This meta-analysis was computed using the inverse variance random-effects model. The significance level was set at p <0.05. The initial search retrieved 8,251 plus 23 records identified through other sources. Forty-two articles met our inclusion criteria for qualitative and 38 for quantitative analysis (1,806 participants [990 males, 816 females], age range 9–63 years). PJT interventions lasted between 4 and 36 weeks. The median PEDro score was 6 and no study had low methodological quality (≤3). The analysis revealed significant small effects of PJT on overall (dynamic and static) balance (ES = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.32–0.61; p < 0.001), dynamic (e.g., Y-balance test) balance (ES = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.30–0.71; p < 0.001), and static (e.g., flamingo balance test) balance (ES = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.31–0.67; p < 0.001). The moderator analyses revealed that sex and/or age did not moderate balance performance outcomes. When PJT was compared to specific active controls (i.e., participants undergoing balance training, whole body vibration training, resistance training), both PJT and alternative training methods showed similar effects on overall (dynamic and static) balance (p = 0.534). Specifically, when PJT was compared to balance training, both training types showed similar effects on overall (dynamic and static) balance (p = 0.514). Conclusion: Compared to active controls, PJT showed small effects on overall balance, dynamic and static balance. Additionally, PJT produced similar balance improvements compared to other training types (i.e., balance training). Although PJT is widely used in athletic and recreational sport settings to improve athletes' physical fitness (e.g., jumping; sprinting), our systematic review with meta-analysis is novel in as much as it indicates that PJT also improves balance performance. The observed PJT-related balance enhancements were irrespective of sex and participants' age. Therefore, PJT appears to be an adequate training regime to improve balance in both, athletic and recreational settings. KW - plyometric exercise KW - human physical conditioning KW - resistance training KW - postural control KW - exercise KW - movement Y1 - 2021 SN - 1664-042X VL - 12 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - THES A1 - Zech, Philipp T1 - Effects of exercise on different parameters in people living with HIV N2 - Hintergrund. Personen, die mit der chronischen Erkrankung HIV leben (PWH), müssen ihr Leben lang die sog. antiretrovirale Therapie (ART) einnehmen, um einen Ausbruch der Erkrankung in das Vollbild AIDS (Akquiriertes Immun-Defizienz-Syndrom) zu vermeiden. Gleichzeitig ist die ART und HIV selbst assoziiert mit dem Auftreten zusätzlicher Erkrankungen (Komorbiditäten) kardiovaskulärer oder psychologischer Natur. Die Prävalenz von Komorbiditäten und schlechter Lebensqualität ist im Vergleich zu HIV-negativen Personen deutlich höher. Methoden. Es wurden zwei Metaanalysen zu sportlicher Betätigung, PWH und (1) kardiovaskulären und (2) psychologischen Parametern sowie eine Querschnittsstudie (HIBES-Studie, HIV-Begleiterkrankungen und Sport) durchgeführt. Für die Auswertung der metaanalytischen Daten wurde der Review Manager 5.3, für die Auswertung der Daten der HIBES-Studie das Analyseprogramm „R“ verwendet. In den Metaanalysen wurden, neben den Hauptanalysen verschiedener Parameter, erstmals spezifische Subgruppenanalysen durchgeführt. Die HIBES-Studie untersuchte Unterschiede zwischen kumulativen (2-3 verschiedenen Sportarten pro Woche) und einfachen (eine Sportart pro Woche) Freizeitsport und analysiert die Zusammenhänge von Parametern des Freizeitsports (Trainingshäufigkeit, -Minuten und –Intensität), Komorbiditäten und der Lebensqualität. Ergebnisse. Ausdauer- und Krafttraining haben einen mittel-starken bis starken positiven Effekt auf die maximale Sauerstoffaufnahme (SMD= 0.66, p< .00001), den 6-Minuten-Walk-Test (6MWT) (SMD= 0.59, p= .02), die maximale Watt Zahl (SMD= 0.80, p= .009). Kein Effekt wurde bei der maximalen Herzfrequenz und dem systolischen sowie diastolischen Blutdruck gefunden. Subgruppenanalysen zu ≥3 Einheiten/Woche, ≥150 Min./Woche ergaben hohe Effektstärken in der maximalen Watt Zahl und 6MWT. Ausdauer- und Krafttraining zusammen mit Yoga haben einen starken Effekt auf Symptome der Depression (SMD= -0.84, p= .02) und Angststörungen (SMD= -1.23, p= .04). Die Subanalyse der Depression zu professioneller Supervision und sportlicher Betätigung wiesen einen sehr starken Effekt (SMD= -1.40, p= .03). Die HIBES-Studie wies ein sehr differenziertes Bild im Sportverhalten von PWH in Deutschland auf. 49% der Teilnehmer übten mehr als eine Sportart pro Woche aus. Es wurden keine Unterschiede zwischen kumuliertem (CTE) und einfachem Sport (STE) in der Lebensqualität gefunden. Die Freizeitsportparameter (Häufigkeiten/Woche, Minuten/Woche, Intensität/Woche) waren in der CTE-Gruppe deutlich höher als in der STE-Gruppe. Trainingsminuten und die -Intensität zeigten beim Vorhandensein einer Komorbidität einen großen Zusammenhang mit der Lebensqualität. Die Minuten und die Intensität des durchgeführten Sportes zeigten einen prädiktiven Zusammenhang mit der Lebensqualität. Konklusion: Sportliche Betätigung verbessert die maximale Sauerstoffaufnahme und Symptome der Depression und Angststörungen. Die Aussagekraft der Subanalysen ist aufgrund der geringen Studienzahl, vorsichtig zu interpretieren. Erhöhte Trainingsparameter finden sich eher bei PWH, die mehr als eine Sportart pro Woche treiben. Daher kann kumulierter Sport als mediierender Faktor zur Steigerung der Lebensqualität interpretiert werden; zumindest bei PWH mit einer psychologischen Komorbidität. KW - HIV KW - exercise KW - Komorbiditäten KW - Lebensqualität KW - HIV KW - exercise KW - comorbidities KW - quality of life Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zouita, Sghaier A1 - Zouhal, Hassane A1 - Ferchichi, Habiba A1 - Paillard, Thierry A1 - Dziri, Catherine A1 - Hackney, Anthony C. A1 - Laher, Ismail A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Ben Moussa Zouita, Amira T1 - Effects of Combined Balance and Strength Training on Measures of Balance and Muscle Strength in Older Women With a History of Falls JF - Frontiers in Physiology N2 - Objective: We investigated the effects of combined balance and strength training on measures of balance and muscle strength in older women with a history of falls. Methods: Twenty-seven older women aged 70.4 ± 4.1 years (age range: 65 to 75 years) were randomly allocated to either an intervention (IG, n = 12) or an active control (CG, n = 15) group. The IG completed 8 weeks combined balance and strength training program with three sessions per week including visual biofeedback using force plates. The CG received physical therapy and gait training at a rehabilitation center. Training volumes were similar between the groups. Pre and post training, tests were applied for the assessment of muscle strength (weight-bearing squat [WBS] by measuring the percentage of body mass borne by each leg at different knee flexions [0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°], sit-to-stand test [STS]), and balance. Balance tests used the modified clinical test of sensory interaction (mCTSIB) with eyes closed (EC) and opened (EO), on stable (firm) and unstable (foam) surfaces as well as spatial parameters of gait such as step width and length (cm) and walking speed (cm/s). Results: Significant group × time interactions were found for different degrees of knee flexion during WBS (0.0001 < p < 0.013, 0.441 < d < 0.762). Post hoc tests revealed significant pre-to-post improvements for both legs and for all degrees of flexion (0.0001 < p < 0.002, 0.697 < d < 1.875) for IG compared to CG. Significant group × time interactions were found for firm EO, foam EO, firm EC, and foam EC (0.006 < p < 0.029; 0.302 < d < 0.518). Post hoc tests showed significant pre-to-post improvements for both legs and for all degrees of oscillations (0.0001 < p < 0.004, 0.753 < d < 2.097) for IG compared to CG. This study indicates that combined balance and strength training improved percentage distribution of body weight between legs at different conditions of knee flexion (0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°) and also decreased the sway oscillation on a firm surface with eyes closed, and on foam surface (with eyes opened or closed) in the IG. Conclusion: The higher positive effects of training seen in standing balance tests, compared with dynamic tests, suggests that balance training exercises including lateral, forward, and backward exercises improved static balance to a greater extent in older women. KW - aging KW - exercise KW - postural sway KW - force KW - tasks Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.619016 SN - 1664-042X VL - 11 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zouita, Sghaier A1 - Zouhal, Hassane A1 - Ferchichi, Habiba A1 - Paillard, Thierry A1 - Dziri, Catherine A1 - Hackney, Anthony C. A1 - Laher, Ismail A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Ben Moussa Zouita, Amira T1 - Effects of Combined Balance and Strength Training on Measures of Balance and Muscle Strength in Older Women With a History of Falls T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Objective: We investigated the effects of combined balance and strength training on measures of balance and muscle strength in older women with a history of falls. Methods: Twenty-seven older women aged 70.4 ± 4.1 years (age range: 65 to 75 years) were randomly allocated to either an intervention (IG, n = 12) or an active control (CG, n = 15) group. The IG completed 8 weeks combined balance and strength training program with three sessions per week including visual biofeedback using force plates. The CG received physical therapy and gait training at a rehabilitation center. Training volumes were similar between the groups. Pre and post training, tests were applied for the assessment of muscle strength (weight-bearing squat [WBS] by measuring the percentage of body mass borne by each leg at different knee flexions [0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°], sit-to-stand test [STS]), and balance. Balance tests used the modified clinical test of sensory interaction (mCTSIB) with eyes closed (EC) and opened (EO), on stable (firm) and unstable (foam) surfaces as well as spatial parameters of gait such as step width and length (cm) and walking speed (cm/s). Results: Significant group × time interactions were found for different degrees of knee flexion during WBS (0.0001 < p < 0.013, 0.441 < d < 0.762). Post hoc tests revealed significant pre-to-post improvements for both legs and for all degrees of flexion (0.0001 < p < 0.002, 0.697 < d < 1.875) for IG compared to CG. Significant group × time interactions were found for firm EO, foam EO, firm EC, and foam EC (0.006 < p < 0.029; 0.302 < d < 0.518). Post hoc tests showed significant pre-to-post improvements for both legs and for all degrees of oscillations (0.0001 < p < 0.004, 0.753 < d < 2.097) for IG compared to CG. This study indicates that combined balance and strength training improved percentage distribution of body weight between legs at different conditions of knee flexion (0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°) and also decreased the sway oscillation on a firm surface with eyes closed, and on foam surface (with eyes opened or closed) in the IG. Conclusion: The higher positive effects of training seen in standing balance tests, compared with dynamic tests, suggests that balance training exercises including lateral, forward, and backward exercises improved static balance to a greater extent in older women. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 699 KW - aging KW - exercise KW - postural sway KW - force KW - tasks Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-490932 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 699 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Saidi, Karim A1 - Zouhal, Hassane A1 - Rhibi, Fatma A1 - Tijani, Jed M. A1 - Boullosa, Daniel A1 - Chebbi, Amel A1 - Hackney, Anthony C. A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Bideau, Benoit A1 - Ben Abderrahman, Abderraouf T1 - Effects of a six-week period of congested match play on plasma volume variations, hematological parameters, training workload and physical fitness in elite soccer players JF - PLOS ONE N2 - Objectives The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of a six-week in-season period of soccer training and games (congested period) on plasma volume variations (PV), hematological parameters, and physical fitness in elite players. In addition, we analyzed relationships between training load, hematological parameters and players’ physical fitness. Methods Eighteen elite players were evaluated before (T1) and after (T2) a six-week in-season period interspersed with 10 soccer matches. At T1 and T2, players performed the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YYIR1), the repeated shuttle sprint ability test (RSSA), the countermovement jump test (CMJ), and the squat jump test (SJ). In addition, PV and hematological parameters (erythrocytes [M/mm3], hematocrit [%], hemoglobin [g/dl], mean corpuscular volume [fl], mean corpuscular hemoglobin content [pg], and mean hemoglobin concentration [%]) were assessed. Daily ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were monitored in order to quantify the internal training load. Results From T1 to T2, significant performance declines were found for the YYIR1 (p<0.001, effect size [ES] = 0.5), RSSA (p<0.01, ES = 0.6) and SJ tests (p< 0.046, ES = 0.7). However, no significant changes were found for the CMJ (p = 0.86, ES = 0.1). Post-exercise, RSSA blood lactate (p<0.012, ES = 0.2) and PV (p<0.01, ES = 0.7) increased significantly from T1 to T2. A significant decrease was found from T1 to T2 for the erythrocyte value (p<0.002, ES = 0.5) and the hemoglobin concentration (p<0.018, ES = 0.8). The hematocrit percentage rate was also significantly lower (p<0.001, ES = 0.6) at T2. The mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin content and the mean hemoglobin content values were not statistically different from T1 to T2. No significant relationships were detected between training load parameters and percentage changes of hematological parameters. However, a significant relationship was observed between training load and changes in RSSA performance (r = -0.60; p<0.003). Conclusions An intensive period of “congested match play” over 6 weeks significantly compromised players’ physical fitness. These changes were not related to hematological parameters, even though significant alterations were detected for selected measures. KW - body density KW - performance KW - exercise KW - blood KW - hematocrit KW - responses KW - physiology KW - schedule KW - recovery KW - fatigue Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219692 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 14 IS - 7 PB - Public Library of Science CY - San Francisco ER - TY - GEN A1 - Saidi, Karim A1 - Zouhal, Hassane A1 - Rhibi, Fatma A1 - Tijani, Jed M. A1 - Boullosa, Daniel A1 - Chebbi, Amel A1 - Hackney, Anthony C. A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Bideau, Benoit A1 - Ben Abderrahman, Abderraouf T1 - Effects of a six-week period of congested match play on plasma volume variations, hematological parameters, training workload and physical fitness in elite soccer players T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Objectives The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of a six-week in-season period of soccer training and games (congested period) on plasma volume variations (PV), hematological parameters, and physical fitness in elite players. In addition, we analyzed relationships between training load, hematological parameters and players’ physical fitness. Methods Eighteen elite players were evaluated before (T1) and after (T2) a six-week in-season period interspersed with 10 soccer matches. At T1 and T2, players performed the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YYIR1), the repeated shuttle sprint ability test (RSSA), the countermovement jump test (CMJ), and the squat jump test (SJ). In addition, PV and hematological parameters (erythrocytes [M/mm3], hematocrit [%], hemoglobin [g/dl], mean corpuscular volume [fl], mean corpuscular hemoglobin content [pg], and mean hemoglobin concentration [%]) were assessed. Daily ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were monitored in order to quantify the internal training load. Results From T1 to T2, significant performance declines were found for the YYIR1 (p<0.001, effect size [ES] = 0.5), RSSA (p<0.01, ES = 0.6) and SJ tests (p< 0.046, ES = 0.7). However, no significant changes were found for the CMJ (p = 0.86, ES = 0.1). Post-exercise, RSSA blood lactate (p<0.012, ES = 0.2) and PV (p<0.01, ES = 0.7) increased significantly from T1 to T2. A significant decrease was found from T1 to T2 for the erythrocyte value (p<0.002, ES = 0.5) and the hemoglobin concentration (p<0.018, ES = 0.8). The hematocrit percentage rate was also significantly lower (p<0.001, ES = 0.6) at T2. The mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin content and the mean hemoglobin content values were not statistically different from T1 to T2. No significant relationships were detected between training load parameters and percentage changes of hematological parameters. However, a significant relationship was observed between training load and changes in RSSA performance (r = -0.60; p<0.003). Conclusions An intensive period of “congested match play” over 6 weeks significantly compromised players’ physical fitness. These changes were not related to hematological parameters, even though significant alterations were detected for selected measures. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 572 KW - body density KW - performance KW - exercise KW - blood KW - hematocrit KW - responses KW - physiology KW - schedule KW - recovery KW - fatigue Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437166 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 572 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mueller, Steffen A1 - Mueller, Juliane A1 - Stoll, Josefine A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Effect of six-week resistance and sensorimotor training on trunk strength and stability in elite adolescent athletes BT - a randomized controlled pilot trial JF - Frontiers in physiology N2 - Intervention in the form of core-specific stability exercises is evident to improve trunk stability. The purpose was to assess the effect of an additional 6 weeks sensorimotor or resistance training on maximum isokinetic trunk strength and response to sudden dynamic trunk loading (STL) in highly trained adolescent athletes. The study was conducted as a single-blind, 3-armed randomized controlled trial. Twenty-four adolescent athletes (14f/10 m, 16 +/- 1 yrs.;178 +/- 10 cm; 67 +/- 11 kg; training sessions/week 15 +/- 5; training h/week 22 +/- 8) were randomized into resistance training (RT; n = 7), sensorimotor training (SMT; n = 10), and control group (CG; n = 7). Athletes were instructed to perform standardized, center-based training for 6 weeks, two times per week, with a duration of 1 h each session. SMT consisted of four different core-specific sensorimotor exercises using instable surfaces. RT consisted of four trunk strength exercises using strength training machines, as well as an isokinetic dynamometer. All participants in the CG received an unspecific heart frequency controlled, ergometer-based endurance training (50 min at max. heart frequency of 130HF). For each athlete, each training session was documented in an individual training diary (e.g., level of SMT exercise; 1RM for strength exercise, pain). At baseline (M1) and after 6 weeks of intervention (M2), participants' maximum strength in trunk rotation (ROM:63 degrees) and flexion/extension (ROM:55 degrees) was tested on an isokinetic dynamometer (concentric/eccentric 30 degrees/s). STL was assessed in eccentric (30 degrees/s) mode with additional dynamometer-induced perturbation as a marker of core stability. Peak torque [Nm] was calculated as the main outcome. The primary outcome measurements (trunk rotation/extension peak torque: con, ecc, STL) were statistically analyzed by means of the two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance (alpha = 0.05). Out of 12 possible sessions, athletes participated between 8 and 9 sessions (SMT: 9 +/- 3; RT: 8 +/- 3; CG: 8 +/- 4). Regarding main outcomes of trunk performance, experimental groups showed no significant pre-post difference for maximum trunk strength testing as well as for perturbation compensation (p > 0.05). It is concluded, that future interventions should exceed 6 weeks duration with at least 2 sessions per week to induce enhanced trunk strength or compensatory response to sudden, high-intensity trunk loading in already highly trained adolescent athletes, regardless of training regime. KW - core KW - training intervention KW - trunk stability KW - exercise KW - perturbation Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.802315 SN - 1664-042X VL - 13 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Davies, Michael J. A1 - Drury, Benjamin A1 - Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo A1 - Chaabene, Helmi A1 - Moran, Jason T1 - Effect of plyometric training and biological maturation on jump and change of direction ability in female youth JF - Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA / National Strength & Conditioning Association N2 - Biological maturation has been shown to affect male youths' responses to plyometric training (PT). However, to date, no researcher has examined the effect of maturation on the effects of PT in female youth. We undertook the first controlled intervention study to examine this, focusing on adaptive responses to countermovement jump (CMJ), reactive strength index (RSI), and change of direction (COD) performance in groups of female youth divided by maturation status (years from peak height velocity [PHV]). The training program lasted 7 weeks with subjects undertaking 2 sessions of PT per week. In the mid-PHV group, there was a small increase (effect size; 90% confidence interval = 0.40; -0.23 to 1.03) in CMJ performance. No changes were observed in the post-PHV group (0.02; -0.68 to 0.72). For RSI, there was a moderate increase in the mid-PHV group (0.94; 0.29-1.59) with only a trivial increase in the post-PHV group (0.06; -0.65 to 0.76). The intervention exerted no positive effect on COD performance in any group. Plyometric training seems to enhance CMJ and RSI in female youth, although the magnitude of adaptation could be affected by maturation status. A twice-per-week program of multidirectional jumping and hopping, with bilateral and unilateral components, can be used as a preparatory precursor to physical education classes or recreational sport. KW - girls KW - exercise KW - sport KW - athlete Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003216 SN - 1064-8011 SN - 1533-4287 VL - 35 IS - 10 SP - 2690 EP - 2697 PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jekauc, Darko A1 - Brand, Ralf T1 - Editorial: How do Emotions and Feelings Regulate Physical Activity? T2 - Frontiers in psychology KW - physical activity KW - exercise KW - emotions KW - feelings KW - affect KW - regulation KW - implicit KW - enjoyment Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01145 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 8 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stroehle, Andreas A1 - Schmidt, Dietlinde K. A1 - Schultz, Florian A1 - Fricke, Nina A1 - Staden, Theresa A1 - Hellweg, Rainer A1 - Priller, Josef A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin A1 - Rieckmann, Nina T1 - Drug and Exercise Treatment of Alzheimer Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Effects on Cognition in Randomized Controlled Trials JF - The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry N2 - Objective: Demographic changes are increasing the pressure to improve therapeutic strategies against cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Besides drug treatment, physical activity seems to be a promising intervention target as epidemiological and clinical studies suggest beneficial effects of exercise training on cognition. Using comparable inclusion and exclusion criteria, we analyzed the efficacy of drug therapy (cholinesterase inhibitors, memantine, and Ginkgo biloba) and exercise interventions for improving cognition in AD and MCI populations. Methods: We searched The Cochrane Library, EBSCO, OVID, Web of Science, and U.S Food and Drug Administration data from inception through October 30, 2013. Randomized controlled trials in which at least one treatment arm consisted of an exercise or a pharmacological intervention for AD or MCI patients, and which had either a non-exposed control condition or a control condition that received another intervention. Treatment discontinuation rates and Standardized Mean Change score using Raw score standardization (SMCR) of cognitive performance were calculated. Results: Discontinuation rates varied substantially and ranged between 0% and 49% with a median of 18%. Significantly increased discontinuation rates were found for galantamine and rivastigmine as compared to placebo in AD studies. Drug treatments resulted in a small pooled effect on cognition (SMCR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.20 to 0.25) in AD studies (N = 45, 18,434 patients) and no effect in any of the MCI studies (N = 5, 3,693 patients; SMCR: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.005). Exercise interventions had a moderate to strong pooled effect size (SMCR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.59 to 1.07) in AD studies (N = 4, 119 patients), and a small effect size (SMCR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.28) in MCI (N = 6, 443 patients). Conclusions: Drug treatments have a small but significant impact on cognitive functioning in AD and exercise has the potential to improve cognition in AD and MCI. Head-to-head trials with sufficient statistical power are necessary to directly compare efficacy, safety, and acceptability. Combining these two approaches might further increase the efficacy of each individual intervention. Identifier: PROSPERO (2013:CRD42013003910). KW - Alzheimer dementia KW - mild cognitive impairment KW - drug KW - exercise Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2015.07.007 SN - 1064-7481 SN - 1545-7214 VL - 23 IS - 12 SP - 1234 EP - 1249 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lazuras, Lambros A1 - Barkoukis, Vassilis A1 - Loukovitis, Andreas A1 - Brand, Ralf A1 - Hudson, Andy A1 - Mallia, Luca A1 - Michaelides, Michalis A1 - Muzi, Milena A1 - Petroczi, Andrea A1 - Zelli, Arnaldo T1 - Corrigendum: "I Want It All, and I Want It Now": Lifetime Prevalence and Reasons for Using and Abstaining from Controlled Performance and Appearance Enhancing Substances (PAES) among Young Exercisers and Amateur Athletes in Five European Countries (Frontiers in psychology. - 8 (2017), 717.) T2 - Frontiers in psychology KW - doping KW - behavioral reasoning KW - exercise KW - fitness KW - recreational sport KW - young adults Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01162 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 9 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - THES A1 - Pietrek, Anou F. T1 - Basic psychological needs and depression in the context of health and exercise N2 - Depressive Erkrankungen gehen mit verminderter Lebenszufriedenheit und reduzierter Arbeitsfähigkeit einher. Die Wartezeit für eine Psychotherapie beträgt in Deutschland derzeit zwischen drei und sechs Monaten. Demnach besteht Bedarf an alternativen, gleichwertigen evidenzbasierten Behandlungsmöglichkeiten, die den Betroffenen niedrigschwellig zugänglich gemacht werden. Eine Vielzahl an empirischen Studien belegt die Wirksamkeit von Sport bei leichten und mittelschweren Depressionen. Zur weiterführenden Konzeption und Qualitätssicherung von Sport als Behandlungsoption ist es notwendig die konkreten Wirkmechanismen zu verstehen. Neben physiologischen spielen auch psychologische Faktoren eine Rolle im Wirkungsgeschehen. Als Metatheorie menschlichen Erlebens und Verhaltens bietet die Selbstbestimmungstheorie (engl.: Self-Determination Theory; SDT) einen nützlichen Bezugsrahmen zum Verständnis psychologischer Wirkmechanismen mit konkreten Ableitungen für die Behandlungspraktik. Die konzeptionelle Erweiterung der SDT um die Frustration psychologischer Grundbedürfnisse erweist sich neben der Bedürfnisbefriedigung zunehmend als hilfreich bei der Untersuchung von psychischen Erkrankungen. Der erste Teil dieser Dissertation besteht aus zwei Publikationen, die relevante Messinstrumente in dem genannten Kontext validieren. Der erste Fragebogen misst das Ausmaß an allgemein erlebter Befriedigung und Frustration der psychologischen Grundbedürfnisse nach Autonomie, Kompetenz und sozialer Eingebundenheit. Der zweite Fragebogen erhebt die erlebte Bedürfnisbefriedigung durch die anleitende Person (hier: Sporttherapeut*in). Der zweite Teil der Dissertation umfasst zwei Publikationen, welche die Befriedigung und Frustration der psychologischen Grundbedürfnisse bei depressiven Symptomen untersuchen und einordnen. Es werden die Unterschiede im Ausmaß an Bedürfnisbefriedigung und Bedürfnisfrustration zwischen einer Stichprobe mit Depression mit einer Stichprobe ohne depressive Symptome untersucht. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Bedürfnisfrustration und depressiven Symptomen wird im Kontext etablierter pathologischer Prozesse (Emotionsdysregulation, Rumination) eingeordnet. Die Hauptergebnisse dieser Arbeiten zeigen, dass die SDT durch die Erweiterung der Basic Psychological Needs Theory um die Dimension der Bedürfnisfrustration ein nun breiteres Spektrum auf dem Gesundheit-Krankheit-Kontinuum abbildet. Dabei fokussiert die SDT auf die psychologische Wirkung von sozialen Umwelten. Neben der Nichterfüllung der psychologischen Grundbedürfnisse ist es vor allem die Bedürfnisfrustration, die einen allgemeinen Vulnerabilitätsfaktor für das Vorkommen psychologischer Erkrankungen darstellt. Zudem weist die unausgewogene Befriedigung der psychologischen Grundbedürfnisse möglicherweise auf ein konflikthaftes Erleben zwischen den Bedürfnissen hin. Für die Behandlungspraktik abzuleiten ist, dass eine autonomieunterstützende Atmosphäre, die die ausgewogene Befriedigung aller drei Bedürfnisse ermöglicht, zentral für den Behandlungserfolg ist. N2 - Depressive disorders are associated with reduced life satisfaction and ability to work. The waiting time for psychotherapy in Germany is currently between three and six months. Accordingly, there is a need for alternative, evidence-based treatment options that are made accessible to patients at a low threshold. A large number of empirical studies prove the effectiveness of exercise in mild and moderate depression. For further conceptualization and quality assurance of exercise as a treatment option, it is necessary to understand the concrete mechanisms of action. In addition to physiological factors, psychological factors also play a role in the effect. As a meta-theory of human experience and behavior, Self-Determination Theory (SDT) provides a useful frame for understanding psychological mechanisms of action with concrete implications for treatment practice. The conceptual extension of SDT to include the frustration of basic psychological needs in addition to need satisfaction is proving useful in the study of mental illness. The first part of this dissertation consists of two publications that validate relevant measurement instruments in this context. The first questionnaire measures the extent of generally experienced satisfaction and frustration of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. The second questionnaire measures the experienced satisfaction of needs by the instructor (here: exercise therapist). The second part of the dissertation includes two publications that examine and classify the satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs in depressive symptoms. Differences in the extent of need satisfaction and need frustration between a sample with depression and a sample without depressive symptoms are examined. Further, the relationship between need frustration and depressive symptoms is placed in the context of established pathological processes (emotional dysregulation, rumination). The main findings of this work show that by adding the dimension of need frustration to Basic Psychological Needs Theory, SDT now covers a broader spectrum on the health-disease continuum. In doing so, SDT focuses on the psychological impact of social environments. In addition to the nonfulfillment of basic psychological needs, it is primarily experienced need frustration that is a general vulnerability factor for the occurrence of psychological illness. Moreover, the unbalanced satisfaction of basic psychological needs possibly indicates a conflicting experience between the needs. For the treatment practice it can be deduced that an autonomy-supporting atmosphere, which enables the balanced satisfaction of all three needs, is central for the treatment success. T2 - Psychologische Grundbedürfnisse und Depression im Kontext von Gesundheit und Sport KW - basic psychological needs KW - depression KW - exercise KW - autonomy support KW - treatment KW - psychologische Grundbedürfnisse KW - Depression KW - Sport KW - Autonomieunterstützung KW - Behandlung Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - THES A1 - Antoniewicz, Franziska T1 - Automatic evaluations of exercising T1 - Automatische Evaluationen von Sport N2 - Changing the perspective sometimes offers completely new insights to an already well-known phenomenon. Exercising behavior, defined as planned, structured and repeated bodily movements with the intention to maintain or increase the physical fitness (Caspersen, Powell, & Christenson, 1985), can be thought of as such a well-known phenomenon that has been in the scientific focus for many decades (Dishman & O’Connor, 2005). Within these decades a perspective that assumes rational and controlled evaluations as the basis for decision making, was predominantly used to understand why some people engage in physical activity and others do not (Ekkekakis & Zenko, 2015). Dual-process theories (Ekkekakis & Zenko, 2015; Payne & Gawronski, 2010) provide another perspective, that is not exclusively influenced by rational reasoning. These theories differentiate two different processes that guide behavior “depending on whether they operate automatically or in a controlled fashion“ (Gawronski & Creighton, 2012, p. 282). Following this line of thought, exercise behavior is not solely influenced by thoughtful deliberations (e.g. concluding that exercising is healthy) but also by spontaneous affective reactions (e.g. disliking being sweaty while exercising). The theoretical frameworks of dual-process models are not new in psychology (Chaiken & Trope, 1999) and have already been used for the explanation of numerous behaviors (e.g. Hofmann, Friese, & Wiers, 2008; Huijding, de Jong, Wiers, & Verkooijen, 2005). However, they have only rarely been used for the explanation of exercise behavior (e.g. Bluemke, Brand, Schweizer, & Kahlert, 2010; Conroy, Hyde, Doerksen, & Ribeiro, 2010; Hyde, Doerksen, Ribeiro, & Conroy, 2010). The assumption of two dissimilar behavior influencing processes, differs fundamentally from previous theories and thus from the research that has been conducted in the last decades in exercise psychology. Research mainly concentrated on predictors of the controlled processes and addressed the identified predictors in exercise interventions (Ekkekakis & Zenko, 2015; Hagger, Chatzisarantis, & Biddle, 2002). Predictors arising from the described automatic processes, for example automatic evaluations for exercising (AEE), have been neglected in exercise psychology for many years. Until now, only a few researchers investigated the influence of these AEE for exercising behavior (Bluemke et al., 2010; Brand & Schweizer, 2015; Markland, Hall, Duncan, & Simatovic, 2015). Marginally more researchers focused on the impact of AEE for physical activity behavior (Calitri, Lowe, Eves, & Bennett, 2009; Conroy et al., 2010; Hyde et al., 2010; Hyde, Elavsky, Doerksen, & Conroy, 2012). The extant studies mainly focused on the quality of AEE and the associated quantity of exercise (exercise much or little; Bluemke et al., 2010; Calitri et al., 2009; Conroy et al., 2010; Hyde et al., 2012). In sum, there is still a dramatic lack of empirical knowledge, when applying dual-process theories to exercising behavior, even though these theories have proven to be successful in explaining behavior in many other health-relevant domains like eating, drinking or smoking behavior (e.g. Hofmann et al., 2008). The main goal of the present dissertation was to collect empirical evidence for the influence of AEE on exercise behavior and to expand the so far exclusively correlational studies by experimentally controlled studies. By doing so, the ongoing debate on a paradigm shift from controlled and deliberative influences of exercise behavior towards approaches that consider automatic and affective influences (Ekkekakis & Zenko, 2015) should be encouraged. All three conducted publications are embedded in dual-process theorizing (Gawronski & Bodenhausen, 2006, 2014; Strack & Deutsch, 2004). These theories offer a theoretical framework that could integrate the established controlled variables of exercise behavior explanation and additionally consider automatic factors for exercise behavior like AEE. Taken together, the empirical findings collected suggest that AEE play an important and diverse role for exercise behavior. They represent exercise setting preferences, are a cause for short-term exercise decisions and are decisive for long-term exercise adherence. Adding to the few already present studies in this field, the influence of (positive) AEE for exercise behavior was confirmed in all three presented publications. Even though the available set of studies needs to be extended in prospectively studies, first steps towards a more complete picture have been taken. Closing with the beginning of the synopsis: I think that time is right for a change of perspectives! This means a careful extension of the present theories with controlled evaluations explaining exercise behavior. Dual-process theories including controlled and automatic evaluations could provide such a basis for future research endeavors in exercise psychology. N2 - Ein anderer Blickwinkel eröffnet manchmal komplett neue Erkenntnisse in so manches bekanntes Phänomen. Sporttreiben, definiert als geplante, strukturierte und wiederholt ablaufende Körperbewegungen mit der Intention die körperliche Fitness aufrecht zu erhalten oder zu verbessern (Caspersen, Powell & Christenson, 1985), kann als ein solches bekanntes Phänomen angesehen werden, welches seit vielen Dekaden im wissenschaftlichen Fokus steht (Dishman & O’Connor, 2005). Um zu verstehen warum manche Menschen körperlich aktiv sind und andere nicht, wurde in den letzten Dekaden meist angenommen, dass rationale und kontrollierte Bewertungen Entscheidungen beeinflussen (Ekkekakis & Zenko, 2015). Zwei-Prozess Theorien (Payne & Garwonski, 2010) bieten eine andere Perspektive, welche nicht nur durch rationales Überlegen beeinflusst ist. Diese Theorien unterscheiden zwei unterschiedliche Prozesse welche Verhalten beeinflussen „depending on whether they operate automatically or in a controlled fashion“ (Gawronski & Creighton, 2012, S. 282). Sportprädiktoren mit dem Ursprung in automatischen Prozessen, z.B. automatische Evaluationen von Sport (AES), wurden in der sportpsychologischen Forschung seit vielen Jahren vernachlässigt. Bisher haben nur wenige Wissenschaftler die Rolle von AES untersucht (Brand & Schweizer, 2015; Markland, Hall, Duncan, & Simatovic, 2015). Das Hauptziel der vorliegenden Dissertation ist es, empirische Belege für den Einfluss von AES auf Sportverhalten zu sammeln und die bisher ausschließlich korrelativen Studien um experimentelle zu erweitern. Meine erste Publikation adressierte eine Kernannahme von AES, die Eigenschaft der Automatizität der erfassten affektiven Evaluationen. Der methodische Ansatz der Studie über ein subliminales AMP (Murphy & Zajonc, 1993; Payne, Cheng, Govorun, & Stewart, 2005) ermöglichte die Schlussfolgerung, dass automatische affektive Evaluationen nach der Stimulusdarstellung ausgelöst wurden. Der Einfluss von AES auf qualitative Sportcharakteristika, die Präferenz eines bestimmten Sportsettings, wurde aufgezeigt. Meine zweite Publikation beabsichtigte notwendige Informationen für die Implementation von Sportinterventionen zu liefern, welche die automatische Komponente von Sportverhalten fokussieren. Das Adressieren automatischer Komponenten in Sportintervention wurde erst kürzlich gefordert (Marteau, Hollands, & Fletcher, 2012). In einer Abfolge von drei Studien wurde die experimentelle Zugänglichkeit, die sinnvolle Manipulation in eine gesundheitsrelevante Richtung und die damit verbundenen Verhaltenskonsequenzen von veränderten AES untersucht. Positive AES wurden durch Evaluatives Konditionieren (EK; Hofmann, De Houwer, Perugini, Baeyens, & Crombez, 2010) induziert. Dabei werden systematisch Bilder von Sporttreiben mit Bildern welche angenehme Empfindungen wecken kombiniert. Nicht-sportassoziierte Bilder werden hingegen konsequent von Bildern gefolgt, die unangenehme Emotionen hervorrufen. Die experimentelle Manipulation führte zur Wahl höherer Sportintensitäten in einer nachfolgenden Sportaufgabe. Darüber hinaus deuteten die Analysen darauf hin, dass das assoziative Erlernen positiver AES nicht in gleichen Anteilen durch den Erwerb positiver Assoziationen zu Sport und negativer Assoziationen mit Nicht-Sport gesteuert wurde. Meine dritte Publikation adressierte unterschiedlichen Anteile von AES im Hinblick auf langfristiges Sportverhalten, speziell die Sportkursadhärenz in einem 14-wöchigen Sportprogramm. Sportverhalten, wie das Besuchen eines Aerobickurses, kann mit positiven affektiven Assoziationen (PAA; z.B. Sport mit Musik ist angenehm) und negativen affektiven Assoziationen (NAA; z.B. Muskelkater ist unangenehm) gleichermaßen verbunden sein. Wissen über den individuellen Einfluss der einzelnen Komponenten auf Sportverhalten würde das Verständnis von AES erleichtern. Die bisher dominierenden Befunde von AES als Prädiktor für kurzfristiges Sportverhalten (z.B.Hyde et al., 2012) wurden erweitert und der Einfluss der AES für sportspezifische Entscheidungen (Brand & Schweizer, 2015) auf eine langfristige Perspektive erweitert. Da Adhärenz in Sportkursen ein gewaltiges Problem in aktuellen Gesundheitsprogrammen (Marcus et al., 2000) darstellt, ist zusätzliches Wissen über Prädiktoren der Sportadhärenz (wie AES) wertvoll für die erfolgreiche Implementation von Sportinterventionen. Die vorgestellten Studien meiner Dissertation hatten das Ziel empirische Belege für die Bedeutung von AES für Sportverhalten zu bieten. Zusammengefasst legen die gesammelten Befunde nahe, dass AES eine wichtige und vielfältige Rolle für Sportverhalten. Diese repräsentieren Präferenzen für Sportsettings, stellen eine Ursache für kurzfristige Sportentscheidungen dar und sind entscheidend für langfristige Sportadhärenz. In Ergänzung zu den wenigen bisher existierenden Studien in dem Feld, wurde der Einfluss von (positiven) AES für Sportverhalten in allen drei beschriebenen Studien bestätigt. KW - automaticity KW - dual-processes KW - exercise KW - health KW - implicit KW - automatisch KW - Zwei-Prozess Modelle KW - Sport KW - Gesundheit KW - implizit Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-92280 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schinkoeth, Michaela A1 - Antoniewicz, Franziska T1 - Automatic Evaluations and Exercising: Systematic Review and Implications for Future Research JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - The general purpose of this systematic review was to summarize, structure and evaluate the findings on automatic evaluations of exercising. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported measuring automatic evaluations of exercising with an implicit measure and assessed some kind of exercise variable. Fourteen nonexperimental and six experimental studies (out of a total N = 1,928) were identified and rated by two independent reviewers. The main study characteristics were extracted and the grade of evidence for each study evaluated. First, results revealed a large heterogeneity in the applied measures to assess automatic evaluations of exercising and the exercise variables. Generally, small to large-sized significant relations between automatic evaluations of exercising and exercise variables were identified in the vast majority of studies. The review offers a systematization of the various examined exercise variables and prompts to differentiate more carefully between actually observed exercise behavior (proximal exercise indicator) and associated physiological or psychological variables (distal exercise indicator). Second, a lack of transparent reported reflections on the differing theoretical basis leading to the use of specific implicit measures was observed. Implicit measures should be applied purposefully, taking into consideration the individual advantages or disadvantages of the measures. Third, 12 studies were rated as providing first-grade evidence (lowest grade of evidence), five represent second-grade and three were rated as third-grade evidence. There is a dramatic lack of experimental studies, which are essential for illustrating the cause-effect relation between automatic evaluations of exercising and exercise and investigating under which conditions automatic evaluations of exercising influence behavior. Conclusions about the necessity of exercise interventions targeted at the alteration of automatic evaluations of exercising should therefore not be drawn too hastily. KW - automatic evaluation KW - exercise KW - associative KW - dual-process KW - implicitattitude KW - affective Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02103 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 8 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schinkoeth, Michaela A1 - Antoniewicz, Franziska T1 - Automatic Evaluations and Exercising BT - Systematic Review and Implications for Future Research JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - The general purpose of this systematic review was to summarize, structure and evaluate the findings on automatic evaluations of exercising. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported measuring automatic evaluations of exercising with an implicit measure and assessed some kind of exercise variable. Fourteen nonexperimental and six experimental studies (out of a total N = 1,928) were identified and rated by two independent reviewers. The main study characteristics were extracted and the grade of evidence for each study evaluated. First, results revealed a large heterogeneity in the applied measures to assess automatic evaluations of exercising and the exercise variables. Generally, small to large-sized significant relations between automatic evaluations of exercising and exercise variables were identified in the vast majority of studies. The review offers a systematization of the various examined exercise variables and prompts to differentiate more carefully between actually observed exercise behavior (proximal exercise indicator) and associated physiological or psychological variables (distal exercise indicator). Second, a lack of transparent reported reflections on the differing theoretical basis leading to the use of specific implicit measures was observed. Implicit measures should be applied purposefully, taking into consideration the individual advantages or disadvantages of the measures. Third, 12 studies were rated as providing first-grade evidence (lowest grade of evidence), five represent second-grade and three were rated as third-grade evidence. There is a dramatic lack of experimental studies, which are essential for illustrating the cause-effect relation between automatic evaluations of exercising and exercise and investigating under which conditions automatic evaluations of exercising influence behavior. Conclusions about the necessity of exercise interventions targeted at the alteration of automatic evaluations of exercising should therefore not be drawn too hastily. KW - automatic evaluation KW - exercise KW - associative KW - dual-process KW - implicit attitude KW - affective Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02103 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 8 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schinkoeth, Michaela A1 - Antoniewicz, Franziska T1 - Automatic Evaluations and Exercising BT - Systematic Review and Implications for Future Research N2 - The general purpose of this systematic review was to summarize, structure and evaluate the findings on automatic evaluations of exercising. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported measuring automatic evaluations of exercising with an implicit measure and assessed some kind of exercise variable. Fourteen nonexperimental and six experimental studies (out of a total N = 1,928) were identified and rated by two independent reviewers. The main study characteristics were extracted and the grade of evidence for each study evaluated. First, results revealed a large heterogeneity in the applied measures to assess automatic evaluations of exercising and the exercise variables. Generally, small to large-sized significant relations between automatic evaluations of exercising and exercise variables were identified in the vast majority of studies. The review offers a systematization of the various examined exercise variables and prompts to differentiate more carefully between actually observed exercise behavior (proximal exercise indicator) and associated physiological or psychological variables (distal exercise indicator). Second, a lack of transparent reported reflections on the differing theoretical basis leading to the use of specific implicit measures was observed. Implicit measures should be applied purposefully, taking into consideration the individual advantages or disadvantages of the measures. Third, 12 studies were rated as providing first-grade evidence (lowest grade of evidence), five represent second-grade and three were rated as third-grade evidence. There is a dramatic lack of experimental studies, which are essential for illustrating the cause-effect relation between automatic evaluations of exercising and exercise and investigating under which conditions automatic evaluations of exercising influence behavior. Conclusions about the necessity of exercise interventions targeted at the alteration of automatic evaluations of exercising should therefore not be drawn too hastily. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 372 KW - affective KW - associative KW - automatic evaluation KW - dual-process KW - exercise KW - implicit attitude Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-405410 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Antoniewicz, Franziska A1 - Brand, Ralf T1 - Automatic evaluations and exercise setting preference in frequent exercisers JF - Journal of sport & exercise psychology N2 - The goals of this study were to test whether exercise-related stimuli can elicit automatic evaluative responses and whether automatic evaluations reflect exercise setting preference in highly active exercisers. An adapted version of the Affect Misattribution Procedure was employed. Seventy-two highly active exercisers (26 years +/- 9.03; 43% female) were subliminally primed (7 ms) with pictures depicting typical fitness center scenarios or gray rectangles (control primes). After each prime, participants consciously evaluated the "pleasantness" of a Chinese symbol. Controlled evaluations were measured with a questionnaire and were more positive in participants who regularly visited fitness centers than in those who reported avoiding this exercise setting. Only center exercisers gave automatic positive evaluations of the fitness center setting (partial eta squared = .08). It is proposed that a subliminal Affect Misattribution Procedure paradigm can detect automatic evaluations to exercising and that, in highly active exercisers, these evaluations play a role in decisions about the exercise setting rather than the amounts of physical exercise. Findings are interpreted in terms of a dual systems theory of social information processing and behavior. KW - exercise KW - health KW - affect misattribution procedure Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2014-0033 SN - 0895-2779 SN - 1543-2904 VL - 36 IS - 6 SP - 631 EP - 636 PB - Human Kinetics Publ. CY - Champaign ER - TY - THES A1 - Schinköth, Michaela T1 - Automatic affective reactions to exercise-related stimuli BT - towards a better understanding of exercise motivation BT - für ein besseres Verständnis der Sportmotivation N2 - Even though the majority of individuals know that exercising is healthy, a high percentage struggle to achieve the recommended amount of exercise. The (social-cognitive) theories that are commonly applied to explain exercise motivation refer to the assumption that people base their decisions mainly on rational reasoning. However, behavior is not only bound to reflection. In recent years, the role of automaticity and affect for exercise motivation has been increasingly discussed. In this dissertation, central assumptions of the affective–reflective theory of physical inactivity and exercise (ART; Brand & Ekkekakis, 2018), an exercise-specific dual-process theory that emphasizes the role of a momentary automatic affective reaction for exercise-decisions, were examined. The central aim of this dissertation was to investigate exercisers and non-exercisers automatic affective reactions to exercise-related stimuli (i.e., type-1 process). In particular, the two components of the ART’s type-1 process, that are, automatic associations with exercise and the automatic affective valuation to exercise, were under study. In the first publication (Schinkoeth & Antoniewicz, 2017), research on automatic (evaluative) associations with exercise was summarized and evaluated in a systematic review. The results indicated that automatic associations with exercise appeared to be relevant predictors for exercise behavior and other exercise-related variables, providing evidence for a central assumption of the ART’s type-1 process. Furthermore, indirect methods seem to be suitable to assess automatic associations. The aim of the second publication (Schinkoeth, Weymar, & Brand, 2019) was to approach the somato-affective core of the automatic valuation of exercise using analysis of reactivity in vagal HRV while viewing exercise-related pictures. Results revealed that differences in exercise volume could be regressed on HRV reactivity. In light of the ART, these findings were interpreted as evidence of an inter-individual affective reaction elicited at the thought of exercise and triggered by exercise-stimuli. In the third publication (Schinkoeth & Brand, 2019, subm.), it was sought to disentangle and relate to each other the ART’s type-1 process components—automatic associations and the affective valuation of exercise. Automatic associations to exercise were assessed with a recoding-free variant of an implicit association test (IAT). Analysis of HRV reactivity was applied to approach a somatic component of the affective valuation, and facial reactions in a facial expression (FE) task served as indicators of the automatic affective reaction’s valence. Exercise behavior was assessed via self-report. The measurement of the affective valuation’s valence with the FE task did not work well in this study. HRV reactivity was predicted by the IAT score and did also statistically predict exercise behavior. These results thus confirm and expand upon the results of publication two and provide empirical evidence for the type-1 process, as defined in the ART. This dissertation advances the field of exercise psychology concerning the influence of automaticity and affect on exercise motivation. Moreover, both methodical implications and theoretical extensions for the ART can be derived from the results. N2 - Obwohl die meisten Menschen wissen, dass Sport gesund ist, hat ein hoher Prozentsatz Mühe, die empfohlenen Bewegungsumfänge zu erreichen. Sozial-kognitive Theorien, die üblicherweise zur Erklärung von Sportmotivation angewendet werden, stützen sich auf die Annahme, dass Menschen ihre Entscheidungen hauptsächlich auf Grund rationaler Überlegungen treffen. Unser Verhalten ist jedoch nicht immer rational. In den letzten Jahren ist die Rolle von Automatizität und Affekt für die Sportmotivation daher zunehmend diskutiert worden. In dieser Dissertation wurden zentrale Annahmen der affective–reflective theory zur Erklärung von körperlicher Inaktivität und Sporttreiben (ART; Brand & Ekkekakis, 2018), einer sportspezifischen Zwei-Prozesstheorie, die die Rolle einer momentanen automatischen affektiven Reaktion für Sportentscheidungen betont, überprüft. Das zentrale Ziel dieser Dissertation war die Untersuchung automatisch affektiver Reaktionen von Sportlern und Nicht-Sportlern auf sportbezogene Stimuli (i.e., Typ-1-Prozess). Insbesondere wurden die beiden in der ART beschrieben Komponenten dieser automatisch affektiven Reaktion, d.h. die automatischen Assoziationen zu Sport und die automatische affektive Valuation von Sport, untersucht. In der ersten Publikation (Schinkoeth & Antoniewicz, 2017) wurde die Forschung zu automatischen Assoziationen zu Sport in einem systematischen Review zusammengefasst und evaluiert. Die Ergebnisse deuteten darauf hin, dass automatische Assoziationen relevante Prädiktoren für das Sportverhalten und andere sportbezogene Variablen zu sein scheinen, was den Beweis für eine zentrale Annahme des Typ-1-Prozesses der ART lieferte. Darüber hinaus scheinen indirekte Methoden geeignet zu sein um automatische Assoziationen zu messen. Das Ziel der zweiten Publikation (Schinkoeth, Weymar, & Brand, 2019) war es, sich dem somato-affektiven Kern der automatischen Valuation von Sport mittels Analyse der Reaktivität der vagalen HRV bei Betrachtung von Sportbildern zu nähern. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die HRV-Reaktivität Unterschiede im Sportumfang hervorsagen konnte. Im Licht der ART wurden diese Befunde als Hinweis auf eine interindividuelle affektive Reaktion interpretiert, die beim bloßen Gedanken an Sport hervorgerufen und durch die Sportbilder ausgelöst wurde. In der dritten Publikation (Schinkoeth & Brand, 2019, subm.) wurde versucht, die Typ-1-Prozesskomponenten der ART - automatische Assoziationen und die affektive Valuation von Sport - zu trennen und in Beziehung zueinander zu setzen. Automatische Assoziationen zu Sport wurden mit einer rekodierungsfreien Variante eines impliziten Assoziationstests (IAT) gemessen. Die Analyse der HRV-Reaktivität wurde genutzt, um sich einer somatischen Komponente der affektiven Valuation zu nähern, und Gesichtsreaktionen in einer Mimikaufgabe (GR) dienten als Indikatoren für die Valenz der automatischen affektiven Reaktion. Das Bewegungsverhalten wurde mittels Selbstbericht bewertet. Die Messung der Valenz der affektiven Valuation mit der GR-Aufgabe funktionierte in dieser Studie nicht. Es konnte aber gezeigt werden, dass die HRV-Reaktivität durch den IAT-Score hervorgesagt werden konnte und wiederum das selbstberichtete Sportverhalten statistisch vorhersagen konnte. Diese Ergebnisse bestätigen und erweitern somit die Ergebnisse der Publikation zwei und liefern empirische Evidenz für den Typ-1-Prozess, wie er in der ART definiert ist. Die Ergbenisse dieser Dissertation tragen dazu bei die Forschung Rund um den Einfluss von Automatizität und Affekt auf die Sportmotivation entscheidend voran zu treiben. Darüber hinaus lassen sich aus den Ergebnissen sowohl methodische Implikationen als auch theoretische Erweiterungen für die ART ableiten. T2 - Automatisch affektive Reaktionen auf Sportstimuli KW - exercise KW - motivation KW - affect KW - automatic KW - dual-process KW - Sport KW - Motivation KW - Affekt KW - Automatizität KW - Zwei-Prozess Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-471115 ER - TY - THES A1 - Timme, Sinika T1 - Affective responses during exercise and situated exercise-related decision-making T1 - Affektives Erleben beim Sport und bewegungsbezogenes situiertes Entscheidungsverhalten BT - theoretical and methodological advancements towards a better understanding of exercise behavior N2 - The field of exercise psychology has established robust evidence on the health benefits of physical activity. However, interventions to promote sustained exercise behavior have often proven ineffective. This dissertation addresses challenges in the field, particularly the neglect of situated and affective processes in understanding and changing exercise behavior. Dual process models, considering both rational and affective processes, have gained recognition. The Affective Reflective Theory of Physical Inactivity and Exercise (ART) is a notable model in this context, positing that situated processes in-the-moment of choice influence exercise decisions and subsequent exercise behavior. The dissertation identifies current challenges within exercise psychology and proposes methodological and theoretical advancements. It emphasizes the importance of momentary affective states and situated processes, offering alternatives to self-reported measures and advocating for a more comprehensive modeling of individual variability. The focus is on the affective processes during exercise, theorized to reappear in momentary decision-making, shaping overall exercise behavior. The first publication introduces a new method by using automated facial action analysis to measure variable affective responses during exercise. It explores how these behavioral indicators covary with self-reported measures of affective valence and perceived exertion. The second publication delves into situated processes at the moment of choice between exercise and non-exercise options, revealing that intraindividual factors play a crucial role in explaining exercise-related choices. The third publication presents an open-source research tool, the Decisional Preferences in Exercising Test (DPEX), designed to capture repeated situated decisions and predict exercise behavior based on past experiences. The findings challenge previous assumptions and provide insights into the complex interplay of affective responses, situated processes, and exercise choices. The dissertation underscores the need for individualized interventions that manipulate affective responses during exercise and calls for systematic testing to establish causal links to automatic affective processes and subsequent exercise behavior. This dissertation highlights the necessity for methodological and conceptual refinements in understanding and promoting exercise behavior, ultimately contributing to the broader goal of combating increasing inactivity trends. N2 - Das Gebiet der „exercise psychology“ hat in vergangenen Jahren robuste Evidenz für die gesundheitlichen Vorteile körperlicher Aktivität hervorgebracht. Interventionen zur Erhöhung nachhaltigen Bewegungsverhaltens haben sich jedoch oft als unwirksam erwiesen. Diese Dissertation adressiert Herausforderungen auf diesem Gebiet, insbesondere die Vernachlässigung von situierten und affektiven Prozessen beim Verständnis und der Veränderung von Bewegungsverhalten. In den letzten Jahren haben Zwei-Prozess Modelle, die sowohl überlegt-rationale als auch automatisch-affektive Prozesse berücksichtigen, an Bedeutung gewonnen. Die Affective Reflective Theory of Physical Inactivity and Exercise (ART) ist eine dieser Theorien und postuliert, dass situierte Prozesse im Moment der Entscheidung das Bewegungsverhalten beeinflussen. Die Dissertation identifiziert aktuelle Herausforderungen im Bereich der „Exercise Psychology“ und bringt methodische und theoretische Neuerungen hervor. Dabei wird die Bedeutung von momentanen affektiven Zuständen und situativen Prozessen betont, Alternativen zu selbstberichteten Maßnahmen untersucht und für eine umfassendere Modellierung individueller Variabilität plädiert. Der Fokus liegt auf den affektiven Prozessen während des Sporttreibens, die theoretisch konzeptualisiert sind, im Moment der Entscheidung reaktiviert und das zukünftige Bewegungsverhalten zu beeinflussen. Die erste Veröffentlichung führt eine neue Methode ein, indem automatisierte Gesichtsausrucksanalyse verwendet wird, um variable affektive Reaktionen während Sporttreiben zu messen. Sie untersucht, wie diese Verhaltensindikatoren mit selbstberichteten Maßen der affektiven Wertigkeit und wahrgenommenen Anstrengung kovariieren. Die zweite Veröffentlichung geht auf situative Prozesse im Moment der Entscheidung zwischen Bewegungs- und Nicht-Bewegungsoptionen ein und zeigt, dass intraindividuelle Faktoren eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Erklärung von bewegungsbezogenen Entscheidungen spielen. Die dritte Veröffentlichung stellt ein Open-Source-Forschungstool vor, den Decisional Preferences in Exercising Test (DPEX), der darauf abzielt, wiederholte situierte Entscheidungen zu erfassen und Bewegungsverhalten basierend auf vergangenen Erfahrungen vorherzusagen. Die Ergebnisse erweitern bisherige Erkenntnisse und geben Einblicke in das komplexe Zusammenspiel von affektiven Reaktionen, situierten Prozessen und Bewegungsentscheidungen. Die Dissertation betont die Notwendigkeit individualisierter Interventionen, die affektive Reaktionen während des Sporttreibens manipulieren, und fordert systematische Untersuchungen, um kausale Verbindungen zu automatischen affektiven Prozessen und anschließendem Bewegungsverhalten herzustellen. Diese Dissertation hebt die Notwendigkeit methodischer und konzeptueller Erweiterungen beim Verständnis und der Förderung von Bewegungsverhalten hervor und trägt letztendlich zum übergeordneten Ziel bei, dem steigenden Trend der Inaktivität entgegenzuwirken. KW - exercise KW - Bewegungsverhalten KW - motivation KW - psychology KW - situated processes KW - dual process models KW - Zwei-Prozess Modelle KW - Sport und Bewegung KW - Motivation KW - Psychologie KW - situierte Prozesse Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-614323 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Moser, Othmar A1 - Mader, Julia K. A1 - Tschakert, Gerhard A1 - Mueller, Alexander A1 - Groeschl, Werner A1 - Pieber, Thomas R. A1 - Koehler, Gerd A1 - Messerschmidt, Janin A1 - Hofmann, Peter T1 - Accuracy of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) during Continuous and High-Intensity Interval Exercise in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus JF - Nutrients N2 - Continuous exercise (CON) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) can be safely performed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Additionally, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems may serve as a tool to reduce the risk of exercise-induced hypoglycemia. It is unclear if CGM is accurate during CON and HIIE at different mean workloads. Seven T1DM patients performed CON and HIIE at 5% below (L) and above (M) the first lactate turn point (LTP1), and 5% below the second lactate turn point (LTP2) (H) on a cycle ergometer. Glucose was measured via CGM and in capillary blood (BG). Differences were found in comparison of CGM vs. BG in three out of the six tests (p < 0.05). In CON, bias and levels of agreement for L, M, and H were found at: 0.85 (-3.44, 5.15) mmol.L-1, -0.45 (-3.95, 3.05) mmol.L-1, -0.31 (-8.83, 8.20) mmol.L-1 and at 1.17 (-2.06, 4.40) mmol.L-1, 0.11 (-5.79, 6.01) mmol.L-1, 1.48 (-2.60, 5.57) mmol.L-1 in HIIE for the same intensities. Clinically-acceptable results (except for CON H) were found. CGM estimated BG to be clinically acceptable, except for CON H. Additionally, using CGM may increase avoidance of exercise-induced hypoglycemia, but usual BG control should be performed during intense exercise. KW - continuous glucose monitoring KW - exercise KW - diabetes KW - blood glucose Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8080489 SN - 2072-6643 VL - 8 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - GEN A1 - Moser, Othmar A1 - Mader, Julia K. A1 - Tschakert, Gerhard A1 - Mueller, Alexander A1 - Groeschl, Werner A1 - Pieber, Thomas R. A1 - Koehler, Gerd A1 - Messerschmidt, Janin A1 - Hofmann, Peter T1 - Accuracy of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) during continuous and high-intensity interval exercise in patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus N2 - Continuous exercise (CON) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) can be safely performed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Additionally, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems may serve as a tool to reduce the risk of exercise-induced hypoglycemia. It is unclear if CGM is accurate during CON and HIIE at different mean workloads. Seven T1DM patients performed CON and HIIE at 5% below (L) and above (M) the first lactate turn point (LTP1), and 5% below the second lactate turn point (LTP2) (H) on a cycle ergometer. Glucose was measured via CGM and in capillary blood (BG). Differences were found in comparison of CGM vs. BG in three out of the six tests (p < 0.05). In CON, bias and levels of agreement for L, M, and H were found at: 0.85 (−3.44, 5.15) mmol·L−1, −0.45 (−3.95, 3.05) mmol·L−1, −0.31 (−8.83, 8.20) mmol·L−1 and at 1.17 (−2.06, 4.40) mmol·L−1, 0.11 (−5.79, 6.01) mmol·L−1, 1.48 (−2.60, 5.57) mmol·L−1 in HIIE for the same intensities. Clinically-acceptable results (except for CON H) were found. CGM estimated BG to be clinically acceptable, except for CON H. Additionally, using CGM may increase avoidance of exercise-induced hypoglycemia, but usual BG control should be performed during intense exercise. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 338 KW - continuous glucose monitoring KW - exercise KW - diabetes KW - blood glucose Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-400470 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lazuras, Lambros A1 - Barkoukis, Vassilis A1 - Loukovitis, Andreas A1 - Brand, Ralf A1 - Hudson, Andy A1 - Mallia, Luca A1 - Michaelides, Michalis A1 - Muzi, Milena A1 - Petroczi, Andrea A1 - Zelli, Arnaldo T1 - "I Want It All, and I Want It Now": Lifetime Prevalence and Reasons for Using and Abstaining from Controlled Performance and Appearance Enhancing Substances (PAES) among Young Exercisers and Amateur Athletes in Five European Countries JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Doping use in recreational sports is an emerging issue that has received limited attention so far in the psychological literature. The present study assessed the lifetime prevalence of controlled performance and appearance enhancing substances ( PAES), and used behavioral reasoning theory to identify the reasons for using and for avoiding using controlled PAES in young exercisers across five European countries, in the context of the "SAFE YOU" Project. Participants were 915 young amateur athletes and exercisers (M = 21.62; SD = 2.62) from Cyprus, Germany, Greece, Italy, and UK who completed an anonymous questionnaire that included measures of self-reported use of controlled PAES, as well as reasons for using and not using controlled PAES. The results of the descriptive analyses demonstrated that almost one out five exercisers in the sample had a previous experience with controlled PAES. Higher prevalence rates were found in Greece and Cyprus and lower in Italy. The most frequently reported reasons for using controlled PAES included achieving the desired results faster; pushing the self to the (physical) limits; and recovering faster after exercise/training. Furthermore, the most frequently reported reasons for not using controlled PAES involved worry about any possible adverse health effects; not feeling the need for using them; and wanting to see what can be achieved naturally without using any controlled PAES. The findings of the present study indicate that the use of controlled PAES is fast becoming a crisis in amateur sports and exercise settings and highlight the need for preventive action and concerted anti-doping education efforts. KW - doping KW - behavioral reasoning KW - exercise KW - fitness KW - recreational sport KW - young adults Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00717 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 8 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER -