TY - JOUR A1 - Nägeler, Pascal T1 - Bericht über die Tätigkeit des Menschenrechtsausschusses der Vereinten Nationen im Jahre 2015 - Teil I: Staatenberichte JF - MenschenRechtsMagazin : MRM ; Informationen, Meinungen, Analysen N2 - I. Einführung II. Allgemeines aus dem Jahre 2015 III. Staatenberichtsverfahren Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-95141 SN - 1434-2820 VL - 21 IS - 1 SP - 65 EP - 83 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nuthmann, Antje A1 - Vitu, Francoise A1 - Engbert, Ralf A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - No Evidence for a Saccadic Range Effect for Visually Guided and Memory-Guided Saccades in Simple Saccade-Targeting Tasks JF - PLoS one N2 - Saccades to single targets in peripheral vision are typically characterized by an undershoot bias. Putting this bias to a test, Kapoula [1] used a paradigm in which observers were presented with two different sets of target eccentricities that partially overlapped each other. Her data were suggestive of a saccadic range effect (SRE): There was a tendency for saccades to overshoot close targets and undershoot far targets in a block, suggesting that there was a response bias towards the center of eccentricities in a given block. Our Experiment 1 was a close replication of the original study by Kapoula [1]. In addition, we tested whether the SRE is sensitive to top-down requirements associated with the task, and we also varied the target presentation duration. In Experiments 1 and 2, we expected to replicate the SRE for a visual discrimination task. The simple visual saccade-targeting task in Experiment 3, entailing minimal top-down influence, was expected to elicit a weaker SRE. Voluntary saccades to remembered target locations in Experiment 3 were expected to elicit the strongest SRE. Contrary to these predictions, we did not observe a SRE in any of the tasks. Our findings complement the results reported by Gillen et al. [2] who failed to find the effect in a saccade-targeting task with a very brief target presentation. Together, these results suggest that unlike arm movements, saccadic eye movements are not biased towards making saccades of a constant, optimal amplitude for the task. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162449 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 11 SP - 9935 EP - 9943 PB - PLoS CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nukarinen, Ella A1 - Nägele, Thomas A1 - Pedrotti, Lorenzo A1 - Wurzinger, Bernhard A1 - Mair, Andrea A1 - Landgraf, Ramona A1 - Börnke, Frederik A1 - Hanson, Johannes A1 - Teige, Markus A1 - Baena-Gonzalez, Elena A1 - Dröge-Laser, Wolfgang A1 - Weckwerth, Wolfram T1 - Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals the role of the AMPK plant ortholog SnRK1 as a metabolic master regulator under energy deprivation JF - Scientific reports N2 - Since years, research on SnRK1, the major cellular energy sensor in plants, has tried to define its role in energy signalling. However, these attempts were notoriously hampered by the lethality of a complete knockout of SnRK1. Therefore, we generated an inducible amiRNA:: SnRK1 alpha 2 in a snrk1 alpha 1 knock out background (snrk1 alpha 1/alpha 2) to abolish SnRK1 activity to understand major systemic functions of SnRK1 signalling under energy deprivation triggered by extended night treatment. We analysed the in vivo phosphoproteome, proteome and metabolome and found that activation of SnRK1 is essential for repression of high energy demanding cell processes such as protein synthesis. The most abundant effect was the constitutively high phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) in the snrk1 alpha 1/alpha 2 mutant. RPS6 is a major target of TOR signalling and its phosphorylation correlates with translation. Further evidence for an antagonistic SnRK1 and TOR crosstalk comparable to the animal system was demonstrated by the in vivo interaction of SnRK1 alpha 1 and RAPTOR1B in the cytosol and by phosphorylation of RAPTOR1B by SnRK1 alpha 1 in kinase assays. Moreover, changed levels of phosphorylation states of several chloroplastic proteins in the snrk1 alpha 1/alpha 2 mutant indicated an unexpected link to regulation of photosynthesis, the main energy source in plants. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/srep31697 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 6 SP - 10248 EP - 10252 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nowrot, Karsten T1 - Der Beitrag der OECD-Leitsätze für multinationale Unternehmen zum Schutz der Menschenrechte [rezensiert von Karsten Nowrot] JF - MenschenRechtsMagazin : MRM ; Informationen, Meinungen, Analysen N2 - Buchbesprechung: Karen Weidmann, Der Beitrag der OECD-Leitsätze für multinationale Unternehmen zum Schutz der Menschenrechte, Schriften zum Völkerrecht Bd. 208, Duncker & Humblot, 2014, 438 Seiten, ISBN 978-3-428-14284-2, 89,90 €. Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-95151 SN - 1434-2820 VL - 21 IS - 1 SP - 84 EP - 88 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Nowotny, Kerstin T1 - The impact of collagen modifications by methylglyoxal on fibroblast function and the role in aging Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nowak-Szczepanska, Natalia A1 - Gomula, A. A1 - Ipsen, Marie Josephin A1 - Koziel, Slawomir T1 - Different effects of living conditions on the variation in BMI and height in children before the onset of puberty JF - European journal of clinical nutrition N2 - SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study included 5597 boys and 5479 girls aged 7-8 years of age. Socioeconomic status (SES) was defined in three categories: high, medium and low. RESULTS: Between 1966 and 2012, the mean values for height and BMI significantly increased in both sexes (P<0.001). The variation of these two parameters, however, showed a different pattern. Whereas the variation in Z-values for height remained unchanged in both sexes, the variation in BMI increased in boys (P<0.01) but not in girls. SES affected the variation in Z-BMI in 1978 in both sexes (P<0.001), whereas variation in Z-height between SES categories remained unchanged across all years of surveys in boys. Before the political transformation, significant regional differences were observed in the variances of Z-BMI (P<0.05) but not of Z-height. This pattern changed after the political transformation, when regional differences in variances of Z-BMI disappeared. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the mean values and the variation of BMI are affected by a changing quality of life, whereas the variation in height is usually independent of living conditions. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2016.30 SN - 0954-3007 SN - 1476-5640 VL - 70 SP - 662 EP - 666 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Noury, M. A1 - Bernet, M. A1 - Schildgen, Taylor F. A1 - Simon-Labric, T. A1 - Philippon, M. A1 - Sempere, T. T1 - Crustal-scale block tilting during Andean trench-parallel extension: Structural and geo-thermochronological insights JF - Tectonics N2 - Despite a long history of plate convergence at the western margin of the South American plate that has been ongoing since at least the Early Paleozoic, the southern Peruvian fore-arc displays little to no evidence of shortening. In the light of this observation, we assess the deformation history of the southern Peruvian fore-arc and its geodynamic implications. To accomplish this, we present a new structural and geo-thermochronological data set (zircon U-Pb, mica Ar-40/Ar-39, apatite and zircon fission-track and zircon (U-Th)/He analyses) for samples collected along a 400km long transect parallel to the trench. Our results show that the Mesoproterozoic gneissic basement was mainly at temperatures 350 degrees C since the Neoproterozoic and was later intruded by Jurassic volcanic arc plutons. Along the coast, a peculiar apatite fission-track age pattern, coupled with field observations and a synthesis of available geological maps, allows us to identify crustal-scale tilted blocks that span the coastal Peruvian fore-arc. These blocks, bounded by normal faults that are orthogonal to the trench, suggest post-60Ma trench-parallel extension that potentially accommodated oroclinal bending in this region. Block tilting is consistent with the observed and previously described switch in the location of sedimentary sources in the fore-arc basin. Our data set allows us to estimate the cumulative slip on these faults to be less than 2km and questions the large amount of trench-parallel extension suggested to have accommodated this bending. KW - Central Andes KW - Peruvian fore arc KW - thermochronology KW - trench-parallel extension KW - oroclinal bending Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/2016TC004231 SN - 0278-7407 SN - 1944-9194 VL - 35 SP - 2052 EP - 2069 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - GEN A1 - Nojima, Hiroyuki A1 - Konishi, Takanori A1 - Japtok, Lukasz A1 - Kleuser, Burkhard A1 - Edwards, Michael J. A1 - Gulbins, Erich A1 - Lentsch, Alex B. T1 - Chemokine receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2, differentially regulate exosome release in hepatocytes T2 - Hepatology : official journal of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Y1 - 2016 SN - 0270-9139 SN - 1527-3350 VL - 64 SP - 165A EP - 165A PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - GEN A1 - Nojima, Hiroyuki A1 - Konishi, Takanori A1 - Freeman, Christopher M. A1 - Schuster, Rebecca M. A1 - Japtok, Lukasz A1 - Kleuser, Burkhard A1 - Edwards, Michael J. A1 - Gulbins, Erich A1 - Lentsch, Alex B. T1 - Chemokine receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2, differentially regulate exosome release in hepatocytes T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Exosomes are small membrane vesicles released by different cell types, including hepatocytes, that play important roles in intercellular communication. We have previously demonstrated that hepatocyte-derived exosomes contain the synthetic machinery to form sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in target hepatocytes resulting in proliferation and liver regeneration after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We also demonstrated that the chemokine receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2, regulate liver recovery and regeneration after I/R injury. In the current study, we sought to determine if the regulatory effects of CXCR1 and CXCR2 on liver recovery and regeneration might occur via altered release of hepatocyte exosomes. We found that hepatocyte release of exosomes was dependent upon CXCR1 and CXCR2. CXCR1-deficient hepatocytes produced fewer exosomes, whereas CXCR2-deficient hepatocytes produced more exosomes compared to their wild-type controls. In CXCR2-deficient hepatocytes, there was increased activity of neutral sphingomyelinase (Nsm) and intracellular ceramide. CXCR1-deficient hepatocytes had no alterations in Nsm activity or ceramide production. Interestingly, exosomes from CXCR1-deficient hepatocytes had no effect on hepatocyte proliferation, due to a lack of neutral ceramidase and sphingosine kinase. The data demonstrate that CXCR1 and CXCR2 regulate hepatocyte exosome release. The mechanism utilized by CXCR1 remains elusive, but CXCR2 appears to modulate Nsm activity and resultant production of ceramide to control exosome release. CXCR1 is required for packaging of enzymes into exosomes that mediate their hepatocyte proliferative effect. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 538 KW - hepatic ischemia-reperfusion KW - liver-regeneration KW - injury KW - ischemia/reperfusion KW - neutrophil KW - ceramide KW - homolog KW - mice KW - mechanisms KW - recovery Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-410885 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 538 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nojima, Hiroyuki A1 - Konishi, Takanori A1 - Freeman, Christopher M. A1 - Schuster, Rebecca M. A1 - Japtok, Lukasz A1 - Kleuser, Burkhard A1 - Edwards, Michael J. A1 - Gulbins, Erich A1 - Lentsch, Alex B. T1 - Chemokine Receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2, Differentially Regulate Exosome Release in Hepatocytes JF - PLoS one N2 - Exosomes are small membrane vesicles released by different cell types, including hepatocytes, that play important roles in intercellular communication. We have previously demonstrated that hepatocyte-derived exosomes contain the synthetic machinery to form sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in target hepatocytes resulting in proliferation and liver regeneration after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We also demonstrated that the chemokine receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2, regulate liver recovery and regeneration after I/R injury. In the current study, we sought to determine if the regulatory effects of CXCR1 and CXCR2 on liver recovery and regeneration might occur via altered release of hepatocyte exosomes. We found that hepatocyte release of exosomes was dependent upon CXCR1 and CXCR2. CXCR1-deficient hepatocytes produced fewer exosomes, whereas CXCR2-deficient hepatocytes produced more exosomes compared to their wild-type controls. In CXCR2-deficient hepatocytes, there was increased activity of neutral sphingomyelinase (Nsm) and intracellular ceramide. CXCR1-deficient hepatocytes had no alterations in Nsm activity or ceramide production. Interestingly, exosomes from CXCR1-deficient hepatocytes had no effect on hepatocyte proliferation, due to a lack of neutral ceramidase and sphingosine kinase. The data demonstrate that CXCR1 and CXCR2 regulate hepatocyte exosome release. The mechanism utilized by CXCR1 remains elusive, but CXCR2 appears to modulate Nsm activity and resultant production of ceramide to control exosome release. CXCR1 is required for packaging of enzymes into exosomes that mediate their hepatocyte proliferative effect. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161443 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 11 SP - 6900 EP - + PB - PLoS CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nojima, Hiroyuki A1 - Freeman, Christopher M. A1 - Schuster, Rebecca M. A1 - Japtok, Lukasz A1 - Kleuser, Burkhard A1 - Edwards, Michael J. A1 - Gulbins, Erich A1 - Lentsch, Alex B. T1 - Hepatocyte exosomes mediate liver repair and regeneration via sphingosine-1-phosphate JF - Journal of hepatology N2 - Background & Aims: Exosomes are small membrane vesicles involved in intercellular communication. Hepatocytes are known to release exosomes, but little is known about their biological function. We sought to determine if exosomes derived from hepatocytes contribute to liver repair and regeneration after injury. Methods: Exosomes derived from primary murine hepatocytes were isolated and characterized biochemically and biophysically. Using cultures of primary hepatocytes, we tested whether hepatocyte exosomes induced proliferation of hepatocytes in vitro. Using models of ischemia/reperfusion injury and partial hepatectomy, we evaluated whether hepatocyte exosomes promote hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration in vivo. Results: Hepatocyte exosomes, but not exosomes from other liver cell types, induce dose-dependent hepatocyte proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, hepatocyte exosomes directly fuse with target hepatocytes and transfer neutral ceramidase and sphingosine kinase 2 (SK2) causing increased synthesis of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) within target hepatocytes. Ablation of exosomal SK prevents the proliferative effect of exosomes. After ischemia/reperfusion injury, the number of circulating exosomes with proliferative effects increases. Conclusions: Our data shows that hepatocyte-derived exosomes deliver the synthetic machinery to form S1P in target hepatocytes resulting in cell proliferation and liver regeneration after ischemia/reperfusion injury or partial hepatectomy. These findings represent a potentially novel new contributing mechanism of liver regeneration and have important implications for new therapeutic approaches to acute and chronic liver disease. (C) 2015 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Liver injury KW - Sphingolipids KW - Sphingosine kinase KW - Ischemia/reperfusion KW - Transplantation Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2015.07.030 SN - 0168-8278 SN - 1600-0641 VL - 64 SP - 60 EP - 68 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nixon, Jessie S. A1 - van Rij, Jacolien A1 - Mok, Peggy A1 - Baayen, Harald R. A1 - Chen, Yiya T1 - The temporal dynamics of perceptual uncertainty: eye movement evidence from Cantonese segment and tone perception JF - Journal of memory and language N2 - Two visual world eyetracking experiments investigated how acoustic cue value and statistical variance affect perceptual uncertainty during Cantonese consonant (Experiment 1) and tone perception (Experiment 2). Participants heard low- or high-variance acoustic stimuli. Euclidean distance of fixations from target and competitor pictures over time was analysed using Generalised Additive Mixed Modelling. Distance of fixations from target and competitor pictures varied as a function of acoustic cue, providing evidence for gradient, nonlinear sensitivity to cue values. Moreover, cue value effects significantly interacted with statistical variance, indicating that the cue distribution directly affects perceptual uncertainty. Interestingly, the time course of effects differed between target distance and competitor distance models. The pattern of effects over time suggests a global strategy in response to the level of uncertainty: as uncertainty increases, verification looks increase accordingly. Low variance generally creates less uncertainty, but can lead to greater uncertainty in the face of unexpected speech tokens. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. KW - Discriminative learning KW - Statistical learning KW - Speech perception KW - Cantonese KW - Lexical tone Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2016.03.005 SN - 0749-596X SN - 1096-0821 VL - 90 SP - 103 EP - 125 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nix, Andreas ED - Geier, Wolfgang T1 - Karl Mannheims Konservatismus BT - ein Beitrag zu Soziologie des Wissens (1952) JF - Kultursoziologie : Kultursozologie an deutschen Universitäten Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-945878-24-8 SN - 0941-343X VL - 2016 IS - 2 SP - 102 EP - 108 PB - WeltTrends CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nitze, Ingmar A1 - Grosse, Guido T1 - Detection of landscape dynamics in the Arctic Lena Delta with temporally dense Landsat time-series stacks JF - Remote sensing of environment : an interdisciplinary journal N2 - Arctic permafrost landscapes are among the most vulnerable and dynamic landscapes globally, but due to their extent and remoteness most of the landscape changes remain unnoticed. In order to detect disturbances in these areas we developed an automated processing chain for the calculation and analysis of robust trends of key land surface indicators based on the full record of available Landsat TM, ETM +, and OLI data. The methodology was applied to the similar to 29,000 km(2) Lena Delta in Northeast Siberia, where robust trend parameters (slope, confidence intervals of the slope, and intercept) were calculated for Tasseled Cap Greenness, Wetness and Brightness, NDVI, and NDWI, and NDMI based on 204 Landsat scenes for the observation period between 1999 and 2014. The resulting datasets revealed regional greening trends within the Lena Delta with several localized hot-spots of change, particularly in the vicinity of the main river channels. With a 30-m spatial resolution various permafrost-thaw related processes and disturbances, such as thermokarst lake expansion and drainage, fluvial erosion, and coastal changes were detected within the Lena Delta region, many of which have not been noticed or described before. Such hotspots of permafrost change exhibit significantly different trend parameters compared to non-disturbed areas. The processed dataset, which is made freely available through the data archive PANGAEA, will be a useful resource for further process specific analysis by researchers and land managers. With the high level of automation and the use of the freely available Landsat archive data, the workflow is scalable and transferrable to other regions, which should enable the comparison of land surface changes in different permafrost affected regions and help to understand and quantify permafrost landscape dynamics. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. KW - Trend analysis KW - Permafrost thaw KW - Thermokarst KW - Thermoerosion KW - Land cover disturbances KW - River delta KW - Arctic tundra KW - Vegetation greening KW - Vegetation change KW - Coastal dynamics KW - Siberia Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.03.038 SN - 0034-4257 SN - 1879-0704 VL - 181 SP - 27 EP - 41 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - GEN A1 - Niskanen, Johannes A1 - Kooser, Kuno A1 - Koskelo, Jaakko A1 - Käämbre, Tanel A1 - Kunnus, Kristjan A1 - Pietzsch, Annette A1 - Quevedo, Wilson A1 - Hakala, Mikko A1 - Föhlisch, Alexander A1 - Huotari, Simo A1 - Kukk, Edwin T1 - Density functional simulation of resonant inelastic X-ray scattering experiments in liquids: acetonitrile N2 - In this paper we report an experimental and computational study of liquid acetonitrile (H3C–C[triple bond, length as m-dash]N) by resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) at the N K-edge. The experimental spectra exhibit clear signatures of the electronic structure of the valence states at the N site and incident-beam-polarization dependence is observed as well. Moreover, we find fine structure in the quasielastic line that is assigned to finite scattering duration and nuclear relaxation. We present a simple and light-to-evaluate model for the RIXS maps and analyze the experimental data using this model combined with ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. In addition to polarization-dependence and scattering-duration effects, we pinpoint the effects of different types of chemical bonding to the RIXS spectrum and conclude that the H2C–C[double bond, length as m-dash]NH isomer, suggested in the literature, does not exist in detectable quantities. We study solution effects on the scattering spectra with simulations in liquid and in vacuum. The presented model for RIXS proved to be light enough to allow phase-space-sampling and still accurate enough for identification of transition lines in physical chemistry research by RIXS. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 331 Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-395133 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Nishikawa, Ken-Ichi A1 - Mizuno, Yosuke A1 - Niemiec, Jacek A1 - Kobzar, Oleh A1 - Pohl, Martin A1 - Gómez, Jose L. A1 - Duţan, Ioana A1 - Pe’er, Asaf A1 - Frederiksen, Jacob Trier A1 - Nordlund, Åke A1 - Meli, Athina A1 - Sol, Helene A1 - Hardee, Philip E. A1 - Hartmann, Dieter H. T1 - Microscopic processes in global relativistic jets containing helical magnetic fields T2 - Galaxies N2 - In the study of relativistic jets one of the key open questions is their interaction with the environment on the microscopic level. Here, we study the initial evolution of both electron-proton (e(-)-p(+)) and electron-positron (e(+/-)) relativistic jets containing helical magnetic fields, focusing on their interaction with an ambient plasma. We have performed simulations of "global" jets containing helical magnetic fields in order to examine how helical magnetic fields affect kinetic instabilities such as the Weibel instability, the kinetic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (kKHI) and the Mushroom instability (MI). In our initial simulation study these kinetic instabilities are suppressed and new types of instabilities can grow. In the e(-)-p(+) jet simulation a recollimation-like instability occurs and jet electrons are strongly perturbed. In the e(+/-) jet simulation a recollimation-like instability occurs at early times followed by a kinetic instability and the general structure is similar to a simulation without helical magnetic field. Simulations using much larger systems are required in order to thoroughly follow the evolution of global jets containing helical magnetic fields. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 446 KW - relativistic jets KW - particle-in-cell simulations KW - global jets KW - helical magnetic fields KW - kinetic instabilities KW - kink instability Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-407604 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nishikawa, Ken-Ichi A1 - Mizuno, Yosuke A1 - Niemiec, Jacek A1 - Kobzar, Oleh A1 - Pohl, Martin A1 - Gomez, Jose L. A1 - Dutan, Ioana A1 - Frederiksen, Jacob Trier A1 - Nordlund, Ake A1 - Meli, Athina A1 - Sol, Helene A1 - Hardee, Philip E. A1 - Hartmann, Dieter H. T1 - Microscopic Processes in Global Relativistic Jets Containing Helical Magnetic Fields JF - Galaxies : open access journal N2 - In the study of relativistic jets one of the key open questions is their interaction with the environment on the microscopic level. Here, we study the initial evolution of both electron-proton (e(-)-p(+)) and electron-positron (e(+/-)) relativistic jets containing helical magnetic fields, focusing on their interaction with an ambient plasma. We have performed simulations of "global" jets containing helical magnetic fields in order to examine how helical magnetic fields affect kinetic instabilities such as the Weibel instability, the kinetic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (kKHI) and the Mushroom instability (MI). In our initial simulation study these kinetic instabilities are suppressed and new types of instabilities can grow. In the e(-)-p(+) jet simulation a recollimation-like instability occurs and jet electrons are strongly perturbed. In the e(+/-) jet simulation a recollimation-like instability occurs at early times followed by a kinetic instability and the general structure is similar to a simulation without helical magnetic field. Simulations using much larger systems are required in order to thoroughly follow the evolution of global jets containing helical magnetic fields. KW - relativistic jets KW - particle-in-cell simulations KW - global jets KW - helical magnetic fields KW - kinetic instabilities KW - kink instability Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies4040038 SN - 2075-4434 VL - 4 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nishikawa, Ken-Ichi A1 - Frederiksen, J. T. A1 - Nordlund, A. A1 - Mizuno, Y. A1 - Hardee, P. E. A1 - Niemiec, J. A1 - Gomez, J. L. A1 - Dutan, I. A1 - Meli, A. A1 - Sol, H. A1 - Pohl, Martin A1 - Hartmann, D. H. T1 - EVOLUTION OF GLOBAL RELATIVISTIC JETS: COLLIMATIONS AND EXPANSION WITH kKHI AND THE WEIBEL INSTABILITY JF - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics N2 - In the study of relativistic jets one of the key open questions is their interaction with the environment. Here. we study the initial evolution of both electron-proton (e(-) - p(+)) and electron-positron (e(+/-)) relativistic jets, focusing on their lateral interaction with ambient plasma. We follow the evolution of toroidal magnetic fields generated by both the kinetic Kelvin-Helmholtz and Mushroom instabilities. For an e(-) - p(+) jet, the induced magnetic field collimates the jet and electrons are perpendicularly accelerated. As the instabilities saturate and subsequently weaken, the magnetic polarity switches from clockwise to counterclockwise in the middle of the jet. For an e(+/-) jet, we find strong mixing of electrons and positrons with the ambient plasma, resulting in the creation of a bow shock. The merging of current filaments generates density inhomogeneities that. initiate a forward shock. Strong jet-ambient plasma mixing prevents a full development of the jet (on the scale studied), revealing evidence for both jet collimation and particle acceleration in the forming bow shock. Differences in the magnetic field structure generated by e(-) - p(+) and e(+/-) jets may contribute to the polarization properties of the observed emission in AGN jets and gamma-ray bursts. KW - acceleration of particles KW - plasmas KW - radiation mechanisms: non-thermal KW - relativistic processes KW - stars: jets KW - Sun: magnetic fields Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/820/2/94 SN - 0004-637X SN - 1538-4357 VL - 820 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Niproschke, Saskia A1 - Oertel, Lars A1 - Schubarth, Wilfried A1 - Ulbricht, Juliane A1 - Bilz, Ludwig T1 - More or Less Violence in Schools? A Replication Study from 1996-2014 in Saxon Schools JF - Zeitschrift für Soziologie der Erziehung und Sozialisation N2 - Der verbreiteten Annahme einer ständigen Gewaltzunahme an Schulen stehen bisher nur wenige Studien im Zeitvergleich gegenüber. Der vorliegende Beitrag will diese Lücke schließen, indem er Ergebnisse einer aktuellen Replikationsstudie vorstellt und damit die Frage beantwortet, ob die Gewalt an Schulen im Vergleich zur Mitte der 1990er Jahre zu- oder abgenommen hat. Anhand einer repräsentativen sächsischen Stichprobe zeigt sich, dass im Jahr 2014 im Vergleich zu 1996 über weniger Gewalt an Schulen berichtet wird. Dies betrifft die Gewalt unter Schü ler(inne)n und die Gewalt gegen Lehrkräfte. Parallel hat die Interventionsbereitschaft unter der Lehrer- und Schülerschaft zugenommen. Zugleich macht die Studie auf differente Entwicklungstrends zwischen den Schülergruppen aufmerksam. Trotz eines insgesamt niedrigen Gewaltniveaus im Vergleich zur Mitte der 1990er Jahre legen die Befunde den Schluss nahe, bei den Präventionsbemühungen nicht nachzulassen. Veryfew studies have investigated the widely held assumption that violence in schools has constantly increased in recent years. The current study aims to fill this gap by presenting results of a recent replication study in Germany, as well as answering the question as to whether violence in schools increased or decreased in comparison with the mid-1990s. Based on a representative sample of Saxon students, this study shows that less violence was reported in schools in 2014 compared to 1996. This relates to both violence among students and their violent actions against teachers. Moreover, the willingness of teachers and students to intervene has increased. At the same time, this study draws attention to developmental trends between groups of students. Despite a general low level of violence in schools compared to the mid-1990s, the findings suggest that prevention efforts must be continued. KW - Gewalt an Schulen, Mobbing an Schulen, Zeitvergleich, Schülergewalt, Intervention KW - violence in schools KW - bullying in schools KW - time trends KW - student violence KW - intervention Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3262/ZSE1601078 SN - 1436-1957 VL - 36 SP - 78 EP - 96 PB - Juventa-Verl. CY - Weinheim ER - TY - THES A1 - Nieß, Günther T1 - Modellierung und Erkennung von technischen Fehlern mittels linearer und nichtlinearer Codes Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Nietzsche, Madlen T1 - Identifizierung und Charakterisierung neuer Komponenten der SnRK1-Signaltransduktion in Arabidopsis thaliana T1 - Identification and characterization of novel components of SnRK1-Signalling in Arabidopsis thaliana N2 - Für alle Organismen ist die Aufrechterhaltung ihres energetischen Gleichgewichts unter fluktuierenden Umweltbedingungen lebensnotwendig. In Eukaryoten steuern evolutionär konservierte Proteinkinasen, die in Pflanzen als SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE1 (SnRK1) bezeichnet werden, die Adaption an Stresssignale aus der Umwelt und an die Limitierung von Nährstoffen und zellulärer Energie. Die Aktivierung von SnRK1 bedingt eine umfangreiche transkriptionelle Umprogrammierung, die allgemein zu einer Repression energiekonsumierender Prozesse wie beispielsweise Zellteilung und Proteinbiosynthese und zu einer Induktion energieerzeugender, katabolischer Stoffwechselwege führt. Wie unterschiedliche Signale zu einer generellen sowie teilweise gewebe- und stressspezifischen SnRK1-vermittelten Antwort führen ist bisher noch nicht ausreichend geklärt, auch weil bislang nur wenige Komponenten der SnRK1-Signaltransduktion identifiziert wurden. In dieser Arbeit konnte ein Protein-Protein-Interaktionsnetzwerk um die SnRK1αUntereinheiten aus Arabidopsis AKIN10/AKIN11 etabliert werden. Dadurch wurden zunächst Mitglieder der pflanzenspezifischen DUF581-Proteinfamilie als Interaktionspartner der SnRK1α-Untereinheiten identifiziert. Diese Proteine sind über ihre konservierte DUF581Domäne, in der ein Zinkfinger-Motiv lokalisiert ist, fähig mit AKIN10/AKIN11 zu interagieren. In planta Ko-Expressionsanalysen zeigten, dass die DUF581-Proteine eine Verschiebung der nucleo-cytoplasmatischen Lokalisierung von AKIN10 hin zu einer nahezu ausschließlichen zellkernspezifischen Lokalisierung begünstigen sowie die Ko-Lokalisierung von AKIN10 und DUF581-Proteinen im Nucleus. In Bimolekularen Fluoreszenzkomplementations-Analysen konnte die zellkernspezifische Interaktion von DUF581-Proteinen mit SnRK1α-Untereinheiten in planta bestätigt werden. Außerhalb der DUF581-Domäne weisen die Proteine einander keine große Sequenzähnlichkeit auf. Aufgrund ihrer Fähigkeit mit SnRK1 zu interagieren, dem Fehlen von SnRK1Phosphorylierungsmotiven sowie ihrer untereinander sehr variabler gewebs-, entwicklungs- und stimulusspezifischer Expression wurde für DUF581-Proteine eine Funktion als Adaptoren postuliert, die unter bestimmten physiologischen Bedingungen spezifische Substratproteine in den SnRK1-Komplex rekrutieren. Auf diese Weise könnten DUF581Proteine die Interaktion von SnRK1 mit deren Zielproteinen modifizieren und eine Feinjustierung der SnRK1-Signalweiterleitung ermöglichen. Durch weiterführende Interaktionsstudien konnten DUF581-interagierende Proteine darunter Transkriptionsfaktoren, Proteinkinasen sowie regulatorische Proteine gefunden werden, die teilweise ebenfalls Wechselwirkungen mit SnRK1α-Untereinheiten aufzeigten. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde eines dieser Proteine für das eine Beteiligung an der SnRK1Signalweiterleitung als Transkriptionsregulator vermutet wurde näher charakterisiert. STKR1 (STOREKEEPER RELATED 1), ein spezifischer Interaktionspartner von DUF581-18, gehört zu einer pflanzenspezifischen Leucin-Zipper-Transkriptionsfaktorfamilie und interagiert in Hefe sowie in planta mit SnRK1. Die zellkernspezifische Interaktion von STKR1 und AKIN10 in Pflanzen unterstützt die Vermutung der kooperativen Regulation von Zielgenen. Weiterhin stabilisierte die Anwesenheit von AKIN10 die Proteingehalte von STKR1, das wahrscheinlich über das 26S Proteasom abgebaut wird. Da es sich bei STKR1 um ein Phosphoprotein mit SnRK1-Phosphorylierungsmotiv handelt, stellt es sehr wahrscheinlich ein SnRK1-Substrat dar. Allerdings konnte eine SnRK1-vermittelte Phosphorylierung von STKR1 in dieser Arbeit nicht gezeigt werden. Der Verlust von einer Phosphorylierungsstelle beeinflusste die Homo- und Heterodimerisierungsfähigkeit von STKR1 in Hefeinteraktionsstudien, wodurch eine erhöhte Spezifität der Zielgenregulation ermöglicht werden könnte. Außerdem wurden Arabidopsis-Pflanzen mit einer veränderten STKR1-Expression phänotypisch, physiologisch und molekularbiologisch charakterisiert. Während der Verlust der STKR1-Expression zu Pflanzen führte, die sich kaum von Wildtyp-Pflanzen unterschieden, bedingte die konstitutive Überexpression von STKR1 ein stark vermindertes Pflanzenwachstum sowie Entwicklungsverzögerungen hinsichtlich der Blühinduktion und Seneszenz ähnlich wie sie auch bei SnRK1α-Überexpression beschrieben wurden. Pflanzen dieser Linien waren nicht in der Lage Anthocyane zu akkumulieren und enthielten geringere Gehalte an Chlorophyll und Carotinoiden. Neben einem erhöhten nächtlichen Stärkeumsatz waren die Pflanzen durch geringere Saccharosegehalte im Vergleich zum Wildtyp gekennzeichnet. Eine Transkriptomanalyse ergab, dass in den STKR1-überexprimierenden Pflanzen unter Energiemangelbedingungen, hervorgerufen durch eine verlängerte Dunkelphase, eine größere Anzahl an Genen im Vergleich zum Wildtyp differentiell reguliert war als während der Lichtphase. Dies spricht für eine Beteiligung von STKR1 an Prozessen, die während der verlängerten Dunkelphase aktiv sind. Ein solcher ist beispielsweise die SnRK1-Signaltransduktion, die unter energetischem Stress aktiviert wird. Die STKR1Überexpression führte zudem zu einer verstärkten transkriptionellen Induktion von Abwehrassoziierten Genen sowie NAC- und WRKY-Transkriptionsfaktoren nach verlängerter Dunkelphase. Die Transkriptomdaten deuteten auf eine stimulusunabhängige Induktion von Abwehrprozessen hin und konnten eine Erklärung für die phänotypischen und physiologischen Auffälligkeiten der STKR1-Überexprimierer liefern. N2 - For all living organism maintenance of energy homeostasis under changing environmental conditions is indispensable. In eukaryotes, evolutionary conserved protein kinases, such as the SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE1 (SnRK1) in plants, integrate environmental stress signals, nutrient availability and energy depletion during adaptational responses. Activation of SnRK1 triggers a broad transcriptional reprogramming, which in general represses energy consuming processes such as proliferation and protein biosynthesis and induces energy producing catabolic pathways. Although SnRK1 acts as a convergent point for many different environmental and metabolic signals to control growth and development, it is currently unknown how these many different signals could be translated into a cell-type or stimulusspecific response. This is also due to the fact that only a few proteins participating in SnRK1 signal transduction have yet been identified. In this work, a protein-protein interaction network of the Arabidopsis SnRK1α-subunits AKIN10/AKIN11 was established. Thereby, members of the plant specific DUF581 protein family were identified as SnRK1α interacting proteins. The highly conserved DUF581 domain possesses a zinc finger motif and mediates the interaction with AKIN10/AKIN11. In planta co-expression of AKIN10 with DUF581 proteins leads to a shift of subcellular localization from a nucleo-cytoplasmic distribution of both proteins to a nearly exclusive nuclear localization and show that AKIN10 and DUF581 proteins co-localize in nuclei of plant cells. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis revealed that SnRK1α-subunits interact with DUF581 proteins in plants. Apart from their DUF581 domain there is no strong sequence similarity between DUF581 proteins. Because of their ability to interact with SnRK1, the absence of SnRK1-target motifs and their highly variable transcriptional regulation in a tissue-, development- or stimuli-specific manner, it is possible that DUF581 proteins act as adaptor proteins recruiting substrate proteins into the SnRK1 complex under defined physiological conditions. That said, DUF581 could modify the interaction of SnRK1 with its target proteins and facilitate fine-tuning of SnRK1 signal transduction. Additional interaction studies revealed further DUF581 interacting proteins such as transcription factors, protein kinases and regulatory proteins that in part were also able to interact with SnRK1α. One of these proteins which is supposed to be involved in SnRK1 signaling as a transcriptional regulator was characterized in more detail: Arabidopsis STKR1 (STOREKEPPER RELATED 1) a DUF581-18 interaction partner belongs to a plant specific leucine zipper transcription factor family and is able to interact with SnRK1 in yeast and in planta. Co-operative regulation of target genes by STKR1 and AKIN10 is supported by the specific interaction of these proteins inside the plant nucleus. Furthermore, AKIN10 seems to stabilize protein levels of STKR1 in that it attenuates its proteasomal turnover. Due to the fact that STKR1 is a phosphoprotein with putative SnRK1 target motives it is likely a SnRK1 substrate. However, SnRK1 mediated phosphorylation of STKR1 could not be shown in this work. Though, interaction studies in yeast revealed that a loss of putative phosphorylation sites influences the ability of homo- and hetero-dimerization of STKR1, possibly allowing a higher specificity during target gene regulation. Another part of this work was the phenotypic, physiological and molecular characterization of Arabidopsis plants with altered expression of STKR1. Whereas the absence of STKR1 expression results in plants without strong phenotypic abnormality compared to wildtype the overexpression leads to a strong decrease in plant growth as well as developmental retardations regarding to the induction of flowering and senescence reminiscent of SnRK1overexpressing plants. Plants of these lines were not able to accumulate anthocyanins and also contain reduced levels of chlorophyll and carotenoids. Besides a higher starch turnover in dark, these plants displayed lower sucrose contents. Microarray analysis revealed that under energy deficit stress, induced by extended darkness, a higher number of genes were differentially regulated in plants overexpressing STKR1 compared to wildtype than during the light period. This observation argues for a participation of STKR1 in processes, which are active under extended darkness, being the case for SnRK1 signaling which is strongly activated under energy deficient stress. Overexpression of STKR1 also leads to transcriptional induction of genes associated with defense like NAC and WRKY transcription factors after an extended dark. Results of transcriptome data analysis indicate a stimulus independent induction of defense associated processes and are suitable to explain phenotypical and physiological abnormality of the STKR1 overexpressing lines. KW - SnRK1 KW - Proteinkinase KW - Phosphorylierung KW - Arabidopsis thaliana KW - Energiemangel KW - phosphorylation KW - energy starvation KW - protein kinase Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-98678 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nieto-Moreno, Vanesa A1 - Rohrmann, Alexander A1 - van der Meer, Marcel T. J. A1 - Damste, Jaap S. Sinninghe A1 - Sachse, Dirk A1 - Tofelde, Stefanie A1 - Niedermeyer, Eva M. A1 - Strecker, Manfred A1 - Mulch, Andreas T1 - Elevation-dependent changes in n-alkane delta D and soil GDGTs across the South Central Andes JF - Earth & planetary science letters N2 - Surface uplift of large plateaus may significantly influence regional climate and more specifically precipitation patterns and temperature, sometimes complicating paleoaltimetry interpretations. Thus, understanding the topographic evolution of tectonically active mountain belts benefits from continued development of reliable proxies to reduce uncertainties in paleoaltimetry reconstructions. Lipid biomarker-based proxies provide a novel approach to stable isotope paleoaltimetry and complement authigenic or pedogenic mineral proxy materials, in particular outside semi-arid climate zones where soil carbonates are not abundant but (soil) organic matter has a high preservation potential. Here we present delta D values of soil-derived n-alkanes and mean annual air temperature (MAT) estimates based on branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (brGDGT) distributions to assess their potential for paleoelevation reconstructions in the southern central Andes. We analyzed soil samples across two environmental and hydrological gradients that include a hillslope (26-28 degrees S) and a valley (22-24 degrees S) transect on the windward flanks of Central Andean Eastern Cordillera in NW Argentina. Our results show that present-day n-alkane delta D values and brGDGT-based MAT estimates are both linearly related with elevation and in good agreement with present-day climate conditions. Soil n-alkanes show a delta D lapse rate (A(delta D)) of -1.64 parts per thousand/100 m (R-2 = 0.91, p < 0.01) at the hillslope transect, within the range of delta D lapse rates from precipitation and surface waters in other tropical regions in the Andes like the Eastern Cordillera in Colombia and Bolivia and the Equatorial and Peruvian Andes. BrGDGT-derived soil temperatures are similar to monitored winter temperatures in the region and show a lapse rate of Delta T = -0.51 degrees C/100 m (R-2 = 0.91, p < 0.01), comparable with lapse rates from in situ soil temperature measurements, satellite derived land-surface temperatures at this transect, and weather stations from the Eastern Cordillera at similar latitude. As a result of an increasing leeward sampling position along the valley transect lapse rates are biased towards lower values and display higher scatter (Delta(delta D) = -0.9 parts per thousand/100 m, R-2 = 0.76, p < 0.01 and Delta T = -0.19 degrees C/100 m, R-2 = 0.48, p < 0.05). Despite this higher complexity, they are in line with lapse rates from stream-water samples and in situ soil temperature measurements along the same transect. Our results demonstrate that both soil n-alkane delta D values and MAT reconstructions based on brGDGTs distributions from the hillslope transect (Delta(delta D) = -1.64 parts per thousand/100 m, R-2 = 0.91, p < 0.01 and Delta T = -0.51 degrees C/100 m, R-2 = 0.91, p < 0.01) track the direct effects of orography on precipitation and temperature and hence the combined effects of local and regional hydrology as well as elevation. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - South Central Andes KW - leaf-wax n-alkane delta D KW - branched GDGTs KW - MAT(mr) paleothermometer KW - paleoaltimetry proxies KW - attitudinal transects Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.07.049 SN - 0012-821X SN - 1385-013X VL - 453 SP - 234 EP - 242 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Niesta Kayser, Daniela A1 - Graupmann, Verena A1 - Fryer, James W. A1 - Frey, Dieter T1 - Threat to Freedom and the Detrimental Effect of Avoidance Goal Frames BT - Reactance as a Mediating Variable JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Two experiments examined how individuals respond to a restriction presented within an approach versus an avoidance frame. In Study 1, working on a problem-solving task, participants were initially free to choose their strategy, but for a second task were told to change their strategy. The message to change was embedded in either an approach or avoidance frame. When confronted with an avoidance compared to an approach frame, the participants’ reactance toward the request was greater and, in turn, led to impaired performance. The role of reactance as a response to threat to freedom was explicitly examined in Study 2, in which participants evaluated a potential change in policy affecting their program of study herein explicitly varying whether a restriction was present or absent and whether the message was embedded in an approach versus avoidance frame. When communicated with an avoidance frame and as a restriction, participants showed the highest resistance in terms of reactance, message agreement and evaluation of the communicator. The difference in agreement with the change was mediated by reactance only when a restriction was present. Overall, avoidance goal frames were associated with more resistance to change on different levels of experience (reactance, performance, and person perception). Reactance mediated the effect of goal frame on other outcomes only when a restriction was present. KW - freedom restriction KW - goal frames KW - avoidance KW - approach KW - reactance KW - self threat KW - change Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00632 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 7 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - GEN A1 - Niesta Kayser, Daniela A1 - Graupmann, Verena A1 - Fryer, James W. A1 - Frey, Dieter T1 - Threat to Freedom and the Detrimental Effect of Avoidance Goal Frames BT - Reactance as a Mediating Variable N2 - Two experiments examined how individuals respond to a restriction presented within an approach versus an avoidance frame. In Study 1, working on a problem-solving task, participants were initially free to choose their strategy, but for a second task were told to change their strategy. The message to change was embedded in either an approach or avoidance frame. When confronted with an avoidance compared to an approach frame, the participants’ reactance toward the request was greater and, in turn, led to impaired performance. The role of reactance as a response to threat to freedom was explicitly examined in Study 2, in which participants evaluated a potential change in policy affecting their program of study herein explicitly varying whether a restriction was present or absent and whether the message was embedded in an approach versus avoidance frame. When communicated with an avoidance frame and as a restriction, participants showed the highest resistance in terms of reactance, message agreement and evaluation of the communicator. The difference in agreement with the change was mediated by reactance only when a restriction was present. Overall, avoidance goal frames were associated with more resistance to change on different levels of experience (reactance, performance, and person perception). Reactance mediated the effect of goal frame on other outcomes only when a restriction was present. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 292 KW - approach KW - avoidance KW - change KW - freedom restriction KW - goal frames KW - reactance KW - self threat Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-91510 ER - TY - THES A1 - Niemeyer, Bastian T1 - Vegetation reconstruction and assessment of plant diversity at the treeline ecotone in northern Siberia Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Niehoff, Ann-Christin A1 - Schulz, Jacqueline A1 - Soltwisch, Jens A1 - Meyer, Soren A1 - Kettling, Hans A1 - Sperling, Michael A1 - Jeibmann, Astrid A1 - Dreisewerd, Klaus A1 - Francesconi, Kevin A. A1 - Schwerdtle, Tanja A1 - Karst, Uwe T1 - Imaging by Elemental and Molecular Mass Spectrometry Reveals the Uptake of an Arsenolipid in the Brain of Drosophila melanogaster JF - Analytical chemistry N2 - Arsenic-containing lipids (arsenolipids) are natural products of marine organisms such as fish, invertebrates, and algae, many of which are important seafoods. A major group of arsenolipids, namely, the arsenic-containing hydrocarbons (AsHC), have recently been shown to be cytotoxic to human liver and bladder cells, a result that has stimulated interest in the chemistry and toxicology of these compounds. In this study, elemental laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) and molecular matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI-)MS were used to image and quantify the uptake of an AsHC in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. Using these two complementary methods, both an enrichment of arsenic and the presence of the AsHC in the brain were revealed, indicating that the intact arsenolipid had crossed the blood-brain barrier. Simultaneous acquisition of quantitative elemental concentrations and molecular distributions could allow new insight into organ-specific enrichment and possible transportation processes of arsenic-containing bioactive compounds in living organisms. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00333 SN - 0003-2700 SN - 1520-6882 VL - 88 SP - 5258 EP - 5263 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - GEN A1 - Niedl, Robert Raimund A1 - Berenstein, Igal A1 - Beta, Carsten T1 - How imperfect mixing and differential diffusion accelerate the rate of nonlinear reactions in microfluidic channels N2 - In this paper, we show experimentally that inside a microfluidic device, where the reactants are segregated, the reaction rate of an autocatalytic clock reaction is accelerated in comparison to the case where all the reactants are well mixed. We also find that, when mixing is enhanced inside the microfluidic device by introducing obstacles into the flow, the clock reaction becomes slower in comparison to the device where mixing is less efficient. Based on numerical simulations, we show that this effect can be explained by the interplay of nonlinear reaction kinetics (cubic autocatalysis) and differential diffusion, where the autocatalytic species diffuses slower than the substrate. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 253 KW - arsenious acid KW - fronts KW - paper KW - poly(dimethylsiloxane) KW - scale KW - systems Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-95810 SP - 6451 EP - 6457 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Niedl, Robert Raimund A1 - Berenstein, Igal A1 - Beta, Carsten T1 - How imperfect mixing and differential diffusion accelerate the rate of nonlinear reactions in microfluidic channels JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : PCCP ; a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - In this paper, we show experimentally that inside a microfluidic device, where the reactants are segregated, the reaction rate of an autocatalytic clock reaction is accelerated in comparison to the case where all the reactants are well mixed. We also find that, when mixing is enhanced inside the microfluidic device by introducing obstacles into the flow, the clock reaction becomes slower in comparison to the device where mixing is less efficient. Based on numerical simulations, we show that this effect can be explained by the interplay of nonlinear reaction kinetics (cubic autocatalysis) and differential diffusion, where the autocatalytic species diffuses slower than the substrate. KW - arsenious acid KW - systems KW - poly(dimethylsiloxane) KW - fronts KW - scale KW - paper Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cp00224b SN - 1463-9076 SN - 1463-9084 VL - 18 SP - 6451 EP - 6457 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - GEN A1 - Niederer, Daniel A1 - Vogt, Lutz A1 - Wippert, Pia-Maria A1 - Puschmann, Anne-Katrin A1 - Pfeifer, Ann-Christin A1 - Schiltenwolf, Marcus A1 - Banzer, Winfried A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Medicine in spine exercise (MiSpEx) for nonspecific low back pain patients BT - study protocol for a multicentre, single-blind randomized controlled trial T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background: Arising from the relevance of sensorimotor training in the therapy of nonspecific low back pain patients and from the value of individualized therapy, the present trial aims to test the feasibility and efficacy of individualized sensorimotor training interventions in patients suffering from nonspecific low back pain. Methods and study design: A multicentre, single-blind two-armed randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of a 12-week (3 weeks supervised centre-based and 9 weeks home-based) individualized sensorimotor exercise program is performed. The control group stays inactive during this period. Outcomes are pain, and pain-associated function as well as motor function in adults with nonspecific low back pain. Each participant is scheduled to five measurement dates: baseline (M1), following centre-based training (M2), following home-based training (M3) and at two follow-up time points 6 months (M4) and 12 months (M5) after M1. All investigations and the assessment of the primary and secondary outcomes are performed in a standardized order: questionnaires – clinical examination – biomechanics (motor function). Subsequent statistical procedures are executed after the examination of underlying assumptions for parametric or rather non-parametric testing. Discussion: The results and practical relevance of the study will be of clinical and practical relevance not only for researchers and policy makers but also for the general population suffering from nonspecific low back pain. Trial registration: Identification number DRKS00010129. German Clinical Trial registered on 3 March 2016. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 444 KW - sensorimotor training KW - motor control KW - exercise KW - low back painExercise KW - functional capacity KW - individualized intervention Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-407308 IS - 444 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Niederer, Daniel A1 - Vogt, Lutz A1 - Wippert, Pia-Maria A1 - Puschmann, Anne-Katrin A1 - Pfeifer, Ann-Christin A1 - Schiltenwolf, Marcus A1 - Banzer, Winfried A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Medicine in spine exercise (MiSpEx) for nonspecific low back pain patients: study protocol for a multicentre, single-blind randomized controlled trial JF - Trials N2 - Background: Arising from the relevance of sensorimotor training in the therapy of nonspecific low back pain patients and from the value of individualized therapy, the present trial aims to test the feasibility and efficacy of individualized sensorimotor training interventions in patients suffering from nonspecific low back pain. Methods and study design: A multicentre, single-blind two-armed randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of a 12-week (3 weeks supervised centre-based and 9 weeks home-based) individualized sensorimotor exercise program is performed. The control group stays inactive during this period. Outcomes are pain, and pain-associated function as well as motor function in adults with nonspecific low back pain. Each participant is scheduled to five measurement dates: baseline (M1), following centre-based training (M2), following home-based training (M3) and at two follow-up time points 6 months (M4) and 12 months (M5) after M1. All investigations and the assessment of the primary and secondary outcomes are performed in a standardized order: questionnaires - clinical examination biomechanics (motor function). Subsequent statistical procedures are executed after the examination of underlying assumptions for parametric or rather non-parametric testing. Discussion: The results and practical relevance of the study will be of clinical and practical relevance not only for researchers and policy makers but also for the general population suffering from nonspecific low back pain. KW - Sensorimotor training KW - Motor control KW - Low back pain KW - Exercise KW - Functional capacity KW - Individualized intervention Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-016-1645-1 SN - 1745-6215 VL - 17 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - THES A1 - Nied, Manuela T1 - The role of soil moisture and weather patterns for flood occurrence and characteristics at the river basin scale T1 - Die Bedeutung von Mustern der Bodenfeuchte und des Wetters für das Auftreten und die Ausprägung von Hochwasserereignissen auf der Skala des Flusseinzugsgebietes N2 - Flood generation at the scale of large river basins is triggered by the interaction of the hydrological pre-conditions and the meteorological event conditions at different spatial and temporal scales. This interaction controls diverse flood generating processes and results in floods varying in magnitude and extent, duration as well as socio-economic consequences. For a process-based understanding of the underlying cause-effect relationships, systematic approaches are required. These approaches have to cover the complete causal flood chain, including the flood triggering meteorological event in combination with the hydrological (pre-)conditions in the catchment, runoff generation, flood routing, possible floodplain inundation and finally flood losses. In this thesis, a comprehensive probabilistic process-based understanding of the causes and effects of floods is advanced. The spatial and temporal dynamics of flood events as well as the geophysical processes involved in the causal flood chain are revealed and the systematic interconnections within the flood chain are deciphered by means of the classification of their associated causes and effects. This is achieved by investigating the role of the hydrological pre-conditions and the meteorological event conditions with respect to flood occurrence, flood processes and flood characteristics as well as their interconnections at the river basin scale. Broadening the knowledge about flood triggers, which up to now has been limited to linking large-scale meteorological conditions to flood occurrence, the influence of large-scale pre-event hydrological conditions on flood initiation is investigated. Using the Elbe River basin as an example, a classification of soil moisture, a key variable of pre-event conditions, is developed and a probabilistic link between patterns of soil moisture and flood occurrence is established. The soil moisture classification is applied to continuously simulated soil moisture data which is generated using the semi-distributed conceptual rainfall-runoff model SWIM. Applying successively a principal component analysis and a cluster analysis, days of similar soil moisture patterns are identified in the period November 1951 to October 2003. The investigation of flood triggers is complemented by including meteorological conditions described by a common weather pattern classification that represents the main modes of atmospheric state variability. The newly developed soil moisture classification thereby provides the basis to study the combined impact of hydrological pre-conditions and large-scale meteorological event conditions on flood occurrence at the river basin scale. A process-based understanding of flood generation and its associated probabilities is attained by classifying observed flood events into process-based flood types such as snowmelt floods or long-rain floods. Subsequently, the flood types are linked to the soil moisture and weather patterns. Further understanding of the processes is gained by modeling of the complete causal flood chain, incorporating a rainfall-runoff model, a 1D/2D hydrodynamic model and a flood loss model. A reshuffling approach based on weather patterns and the month of their occurrence is developed to generate synthetic data fields of meteorological conditions, which drive the model chain, in order to increase the flood sample size. From the large number of simulated flood events, the impact of hydro-meteorological conditions on various flood characteristics is detected through the analysis of conditional cumulative distribution functions and regression trees. The results show the existence of catchment-scale soil moisture patterns, which comprise of large-scale seasonal wetting and drying components as well as of smaller-scale variations related to spatially heterogeneous catchment processes. Soil moisture patterns frequently occurring before the onset of floods are identified. In winter, floods are initiated by catchment-wide high soil moisture, whereas in summer the flood-initiating soil moisture patterns are diverse and the soil moisture conditions are less stable in time. The combined study of both soil moisture and weather patterns shows that the flood favoring hydro-meteorological patterns as well as their interactions vary seasonally. In the analysis period, 18 % of the weather patterns only result in a flood in the case of preceding soil saturation. The classification of 82 past events into flood types reveals seasonally varying flood processes that can be linked to hydro-meteorological patterns. For instance, the highest flood potential for long-rain floods is associated with a weather pattern that is often detected in the presence of so-called ‘Vb’ cyclones. Rain-on-snow and snowmelt floods are associated with westerly and north-westerly wind directions. The flood characteristics vary among the flood types and can be reproduced by the applied model chain. In total, 5970 events are simulated. They reproduce the observed event characteristics between September 1957 and August 2002 and provide information on flood losses. A regression tree analysis relates the flood processes of the simulated events to the hydro-meteorological (pre-)event conditions and highlights the fact that flood magnitude is primarily controlled by the meteorological event, whereas flood extent is primarily controlled by the soil moisture conditions. Describing flood occurrence, processes and characteristics as a function of hydro-meteorological patterns, this thesis is part of a paradigm shift towards a process-based understanding of floods. The results highlight that soil moisture patterns as well as weather patterns are not only beneficial to a probabilistic conception of flood initiation but also provide information on the involved flood processes and the resulting flood characteristics. N2 - Hochwasserereignisse in großen Flusseinzugsgebieten entstehen durch das Zusammenwirken der hydrologischen Vorbedingungen und der meteorologischen Ereignisbedingungen. Das Zusammenwirken findet auf verschiedenen räumlichen und zeitlichen Skalen statt und steuert dabei unterschiedliche Prozesse der Hochwasserentstehung. Diese führen zu Hochwassern mit vielfältigen Eigenschaften, die sich unter anderem in maximalem Pegelstand, räumlicher Ausdehnung, Andauer und sozio-ökonomischen Folgen unterscheiden. Für ein prozessbasiertes Verständnis der zugrunde liegenden Zusammenhänge zwischen Ursache und Wirkung sind systematische Ansätze notwendig. Diese müssen die gesamte kausale Hochwasserprozesskette, von dem Hochwasser auslösenden meteorologischen Ereignis welches auf die hydrologischen Vorbedingungen im Einzugsgebiet trifft, über Abflussbildung, Wellenablauf und mögliche Überflutungen, bis hin zum Hochwasserschaden umfassen. Die vorliegende Arbeit hat das Ziel, zu einem umfassenden probabilistischen, prozessbasierten Verständnis der Ursachen und Auswirkungen von Hochwassern beizutragen. Neben der räumlichen und zeitlichen Dynamik von Hochwasserereignissen werden die an der kausalen Hochwasserprozesskette beteiligten geophysikalischen Prozesse analysiert. Systematische Zusammenhänge von Ursachen und Wirkungen innerhalb der Hochwasserprozesskette werden durch die Analyse von Klassifizierungen der hydrologischen Vorbedingungen und der meteorologischen Ereignisbedingungen offengelegt. Des Weiteren wird der Einfluss der klassifizierten Bedingungen bezüglich Hochwasserentstehung, Hochwasserprozessen und Hochwassereigenschaften sowie deren Verbindungen untereinander auf Ebene des Flusseinzugsgebiets quantifiziert. Das Wissen über hochwasserauslösende Bedingungen, welches bisher auf die Analyse von Großwetterlagen und deren Einfluss auf die Hochwasserentstehung beschränkt war, wird um den Einflussfaktor der großskaligen hydrologischen Vorbedingungen ergänzt. Am Beispiel des Einzugsgebiets der Elbe wird eine Klassifizierungsmethode für die Bodenfeuchte, einer bedeutenden hydrologischen Vorbedingung, entwickelt. Durch die Klassifizierung der Bodenfeuchte kann ein probabilistischer Zusammenhang zwischen räumlichen Bodenfeuchtemustern und dem Auftreten von Hochwasser hergestellt werden. Die Bodenfeuchteklassifizierung wird angewandt auf Bodenfeuchtedaten, die mit dem konzeptionellen Niederschlags-Abfluss-Modell SWIM durch kontinuierliche Simulation erzeugt werden. Eine Hauptkomponenten- und anschließende Clusteranalyse identifizieren dabei Tage ähnlicher räumlicher Bodenfeuchteverteilung im Zeitraum November 1951 bis Oktober 2003. Die meteorologischen Ereignisbedingungen werden durch eine gängige Wetterlagenklassifikation beschrieben, welche die charakteristischen atmosphärischen Zustände abbildet. Gemeinsam mit der neu entwickelten Bodenfeuchteklassifizierung bildet dies die Grundlage für die Untersuchung des kombinierten Einflusses der hydrologischen Vorbedingungen und der großräumigen meteorologischen Ereignisbedingungen auf die Entstehung von Hochwasser auf Flussgebietsskala. Das prozessorientierte Verständnis der Hochwasserentstehung und die damit einhergehenden Wahrscheinlichkeiten werden durch die Klassifizierung von vergangenen Hochwasserereignissen in prozessbasierte Hochwassertypen wie Schneeschmelzhochwasser oder Hochwasser auf Grund von langanhaltendendem Regen erzielt. Anschließend werden den Hochwassertypen die jeweils vorliegenden Bodenfeuchtemuster und Wetterlagen zugeordnet. Die Hochwasserprozesse werden zudem durch Simulation der gesamten kausalen Hochwasserprozesskette unter Einbeziehung eines Niederschlags-Abfluss-Modells, eines 1D/2D hydrodynamischen Modells sowie eines Hochwasserschadensmodells modelliert. Ein neu entwickelter Permutationsansatz basierend auf der Wetterlage und dem Monat ihres Auftretens generiert synthetische meteorologische Datensätze, welche der Modellkette als Eingangsdaten dienen, um eine repräsentative Anzahl von Hochwasserereignissen zu erzeugen. Durch die Vielzahl an simulierten Hochwasserereignissen kann der systematische Einfluss der hydro-meteorologischen Bedingungen auf verschiedene Hochwassermerkmale mit Hilfe von bedingten Verteilungsfunktionen und Regressionsbäumen gezeigt werden. Die Ergebnisse belegen die Existenz von Mustern der Bodenfeuchte auf Ebene von Flusseinzugsgebieten. Die Muster bilden sowohl großräumige jahreszeitliche Schwankungen der Bodenfeuchte als auch kleinskalige heterogene Prozesse im Einzugsgebiet ab. Häufig vor Hochwassern auftretende Bodenfeuchtemuster werden identifiziert. Im Winter wird Hochwasser vornehmlich durch eine flächendeckend hohe Bodenfeuchte eingeleitet. Im Sommer sind die Bodenfeuchtemuster zeitlich variabler und die mit Hochwasser in Verbindung stehenden Muster zahlreicher. Die Ergänzung der Bodenfeuchtemuster um die Wetterlagenklassifikation zeigt für die Hochwasserentstehung, dass die Beiträge der einzelnen hydro-meteorologischen Muster sowie deren Zusammenwirken jahreszeitlich variieren. Im Untersuchungszeitraum resultieren 18 % der Wetterlagen nur bei vorangehender Bodensättigung in einem Hochwasser. Die Zuordnung von 82 Hochwasserereignissen zu prozess-basierten Hochwassertypen zeigt ebenfalls saisonal unterschiedliche Prozesse auf, welche mit den hydro-meteorologischen Mustern in Verbindung gebracht werden können. Beispielsweise ist das größte Hochwasserpotenzial auf Grund von langanhaltendem Regen auf eine Wetterlage zurückzuführen, die häufig in Gegenwart von sogenannten "Vb" Zyklonen beobachtet wird. Regen-auf-Schnee und Schneeschmelz-Ereignisse werden im Zusammenhang mit westlichen und nordwestlichen Windrichtungen beobachtet. Die prozessbasierten Hochwassertypen und die resultierenden Hochwassereigenschaften können durch die angewandte Modellkette wiedergegeben werden. Insgesamt werden 5970 Ereignisse simuliert, welche die beobachteten Hochwassereigenschaften zwischen September 1957 und August 2002 reproduzieren. Zusätzlich können durch die Modellkette auch Aussagen über auftretende Hochwasserschäden gemacht werden. Eine Regressionsbaum-Analyse setzt die Hochwasserprozesse der simulierten Ereignisse in Beziehung zu den hydro-meteorologischen Bedingungen. Dabei wird deutlich, dass der Pegelstand primär durch die meteorologischen Ereignisbedingungen bestimmt wird, wohingegen die räumliche Ausdehnung des Hochwassers primär durch die Bodenfeuchtebedingungen beeinflusst wird. Die vorliegende Arbeit ist Teil eines Paradigmenwechsels hin zu einem prozessbasierten Hochwasserverständnis. Die Beschreibung von Hochwasserentstehung, Hochwasserprozessen und Hochwassereigenschaften in Abhängigkeit von hydro-meteorologischen Mustern zeigt, dass Bodenfeuchtemuster sowie Wetterlagen nicht nur zu einer probabilistischen Analyse der Hochwasserentstehung beitragen, sondern auch Aufschluss über die ablaufenden Hochwasserprozesse und die daraus resultierenden Hochwassereigenschaften geben. KW - floods KW - antecedent conditions KW - soil moisture patterns KW - weather patterns KW - flood types KW - Hochwasser KW - hydrologische Vorbedingungen KW - Muster der Bodenfeuchte KW - Wetterlagen KW - Hochwassertypen Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-94612 ER - TY - THES A1 - Nicolai, Johann Nils T1 - "Seid mutig und aufrecht!" BT - das Ende des Centralvereins deutscher Staatsbürger jüdischen Glaubens 1933-1938 T2 - Potsdamer jüdische Studien ; 1 N2 - Der 'Centralverein deutscher Staatsbürger jüdischen Glaubens' (C.V.) wurde 1893 in Berlin gegründet. Sein Tätigkeitsschwerpunkt lag ursprünglich auf dem Gebiet des Rechtsschutzes gegen antisemitische Diskriminierungen. Eine zweite Säule seiner Arbeit war die Aufklärung der Nichtjuden über das 'wahre Wesen' des Judentums. Johann Nicolai analysiert in diesem Band unter Auswertung der Moskauer Archivbestände die Entwicklung des Vereins von 1933 bis zu seiner Auflösung im Jahr 1938. Im Mittelpunkt der Studie steht die Frage, wie der Centralverein die Fortsetzung seiner Arbeit gegenüber seinen Mitgliedern begründete, obwohl im Nationalsozialismus die grundlegenden Bürgerrechte für die deutschen Juden, die er ursprünglich verteidigen wollte, nicht mehr gewährleistet waren. Ein besonderer Fokus liegt auf der Wandlung des Centralvereins nach den Nürnberger Gesetzen und der darauf erfolgten Umbenennung und Umstrukturierung. Wesentlicher Bestandteil ist auch die Auseinandersetzung mit der jüdischen Emigration nach Übersee. Nicolai zeigt auf, dass es bis tief in die 1930er-Jahre hinein starke Spannungen im deutschen Judentum gab. Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-95410-072-9 PB - be.bra CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nickerson, David A1 - Atalag, Koray A1 - de Bono, Bernard A1 - Geiger, Joerg A1 - Goble, Carole A1 - Hollmann, Susanne A1 - Lonien, Joachim A1 - Mueller, Wolfgang A1 - Regierer, Babette A1 - Stanford, Natalie J. A1 - Golebiewski, Martin A1 - Hunter, Peter T1 - The Human Physiome: how standards, software and innovative service infrastructures are providing the building blocks to make it achievable JF - Interface focus N2 - Reconstructing and understanding the Human Physiome virtually is a complex mathematical problem, and a highly demanding computational challenge. Mathematical models spanning from the molecular level through to whole populations of individuals must be integrated, then personalized. This requires interoperability with multiple disparate and geographically separated data sources, and myriad computational software tools. Extracting and producing knowledge from such sources, even when the databases and software are readily available, is a challenging task. Despite the difficulties, researchers must frequently perform these tasks so that available knowledge can be continually integrated into the common framework required to realize the Human Physiome. Software and infrastructures that support the communities that generate these, together with their underlying standards to format, describe and interlink the corresponding data and computer models, are pivotal to the Human Physiome being realized. They provide the foundations for integrating, exchanging and re-using data and models efficiently, and correctly, while also supporting the dissemination of growing knowledge in these forms. In this paper, we explore the standards, software tooling, repositories and infrastructures that support this work, and detail what makes them vital to realizing the Human Physiome. KW - Human Physiome KW - standards KW - repositories KW - service infrastructure KW - reproducible science KW - managing big data Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2015.0103 SN - 2042-8898 SN - 2042-8901 VL - 6 SP - 57 EP - 61 PB - Royal Society CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nicenboim, Bruno A1 - Vasishth, Shravan T1 - Statistical methods for linguistic research: Foundational Ideas-Part II JF - Language and linguistics compass N2 - We provide an introductory review of Bayesian data analytical methods, with a focus on applications for linguistics, psychology, psycholinguistics, and cognitive science. The empirically oriented researcher will benefit from making Bayesian methods part of their statistical toolkit due to the many advantages of this framework, among them easier interpretation of results relative to research hypotheses and flexible model specification. We present an informal introduction to the foundational ideas behind Bayesian data analysis, using, as an example, a linear mixed models analysis of data from a typical psycholinguistics experiment. We discuss hypothesis testing using the Bayes factor and model selection using cross-validation. We close with some examples illustrating the flexibility of model specification in the Bayesian framework. Suggestions for further reading are also provided. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/lnc3.12207 SN - 1749-818X VL - 10 SP - 591 EP - 613 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - GEN A1 - Nicenboim, Bruno A1 - Logacev, Pavel A1 - Gattei, Carolina A1 - Vasishth, Shravan T1 - When High-Capacity Readers Slow Down and Low-Capacity Readers Speed Up BT - Working Memory and Locality Effects N2 - We examined the effects of argument-head distance in SVO and SOV languages (Spanish and German), while taking into account readers' working memory capacity and controlling for expectation (Levy, 2008) and other factors. We predicted only locality effects, that is, a slowdown produced by increased dependency distance (Gibson, 2000; Lewis and Vasishth, 2005). Furthermore, we expected stronger locality effects for readers with low working memory capacity. Contrary to our predictions, low-capacity readers showed faster reading with increased distance, while high-capacity readers showed locality effects. We suggest that while the locality effects are compatible with memory-based explanations, the speedup of low-capacity readers can be explained by an increased probability of retrieval failure. We present a computational model based on ACT-R built under the previous assumptions, which is able to give a qualitative account for the present data and can be tested in future research. Our results suggest that in some cases, interpreting longer RTs as indexing increased processing difficulty and shorter RTs as facilitation may be too simplistic: The same increase in processing difficulty may lead to slowdowns in high-capacity readers and speedups in low-capacity ones. Ignoring individual level capacity differences when investigating locality effects may lead to misleading conclusions. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 288 KW - locality KW - working memory capacity KW - individual differences KW - Spanish KW - German KW - ACT-R Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-90663 SP - 1 EP - 24 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nicenboim, Bruno A1 - Logacev, Pavel A1 - Gattei, Carolina A1 - Vasishth, Shravan T1 - When High-Capacity Readers Slow Down and Low-Capacity Readers Speed Up BT - Working Memory and Locality Effects JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - We examined the effects of argument-head distance in SVO and SOV languages (Spanish and German), while taking into account readers' working memory capacity and controlling for expectation (Levy, 2008) and other factors. We predicted only locality effects, that is, a slowdown produced by increased dependency distance (Gibson, 2000; Lewis and Vasishth, 2005). Furthermore, we expected stronger locality effects for readers with low working memory capacity. Contrary to our predictions, low-capacity readers showed faster reading with increased distance, while high-capacity readers showed locality effects. We suggest that while the locality effects are compatible with memory-based explanations, the speedup of low-capacity readers can be explained by an increased probability of retrieval failure. We present a computational model based on ACT-R built under the previous assumptions, which is able to give a qualitative account for the present data and can be tested in future research. Our results suggest that in some cases, interpreting longer RTs as indexing increased processing difficulty and shorter RTs as facilitation may be too simplistic: The same increase in processing difficulty may lead to slowdowns in high-capacity readers and speedups in low-capacity ones. Ignoring individual level capacity differences when investigating locality effects may lead to misleading conclusions. KW - locality KW - working memory capacity KW - individual differences KW - Spanish KW - German KW - ACT-R Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00280 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 7 SP - 1 EP - 24 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - THES A1 - Nicenboim, Bruno T1 - Dependency resolution as a retrieval process T1 - Dependenzauflösung als ein Gedächtnisabrufsprozess BT - experimental evidence and computational modeling BT - experimentelle Evidenz und komputationelle Modellierung N2 - My thesis focused on the predictions of the activation-based model of Lewis and Vasishth (2005) to investigate the evidence for the use of the memory system in the formation of non-local dependencies in sentence comprehension. The activation-based model, which follows the Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational framework (ACT-R; Anderson et al., 2004), has been used to explain locality effects and similarity-based interference by assuming that dependencies are resolved by a cue-based retrieval mechanism, and that the retrieval mechanism is affected by decay and interference. Both locality effects and (inhibitory) similarity-based interference cause increased difficulty (e.g., longer reading times) at the site of the dependency completion where a retrieval is assumed: (I) Locality effects are attributed to the increased difficulty in the retrieval of a dependent when the distance from its retrieval site is increased. (II) Similarity-based interference is attributed to the retrieval being affected by the presence of items which have similar features as the dependent that needs to be retrieved. In this dissertation, I investigated some findings problematic to the activation-based model, namely, facilitation where locality effects are expected (e.g., Levy, 2008), and the lack of similarity-based interference from the number feature in grammatical sentences (e.g., Wagers et al., 2009). In addition, I used individual differences in working memory capacity and reading fluency as a way to validate the theories investigated (Underwood, 1975), and computational modeling to achieve a more precise account of the phenomena. Regarding locality effects, by using self-paced reading and eye-tracking-while reading methods with Spanish and German data, this dissertation yielded two main findings: (I) Locality effects seem to be modulated by working memory capacity, with high-capacity participants showing expectation-driven facilitation. (II) Once expectations and other potential confounds are controlled using baselines, with increased distance, high-capacity readers can show a slow-down (i.e., locality effects) and low-capacity readers can show a speedup. While the locality effects are compatible with the activation-based model, simulations show that the speedup of low-capacity readers can only be accounted for by changing some of the assumptions of the activation-based model. Regarding similarity-based interference, two relatively high-powered self-paced reading experiments in German using grammatical sentences yielded a slowdown at the verb as predicted by the activation-based model. This provides evidence in favor of dependency creation via cue-based retrieval, and in contrast with the view that cue-based retrieval is a reanalysis mechanism (Wagers et al., 2009). Finally, the same experimental results that showed inhibitory interference from the number feature are used for a finer grain evaluation of the retrieval process. Besides Lewis and Vasishth’s (2005) activation-based model, also McElree’s (2000) direct-access model can account for inhibitory interference. These two models assume a cue-based retrieval mechanism to build dependencies, but they are based on different assumptions. I present a computational evaluation of the predictions of these two theories of retrieval. The models were compared by implementing them in a Bayesian hierarchical framework. The evaluation of the models reveals that some aspects of the data fit better under the direct access model than under the activation-based model. However, a simple extension of the activation-based model provides a comparable fit to the direct access model. This serves as a proof of concept showing potential ways to improve the original activation-based model. In conclusion, this thesis adds to the body of evidence that argues for the use of the general memory system in dependency resolution, and in particular for a cue-based retrieval mechanism. However, it also shows that some of the default assumptions inherited from ACT-R in the activation-based model need to be revised. N2 - Die vorliegende Dissertation befasst sich mit dem Aktivierungsmodell von Lewis und Vasishth (2005) um die Evidenz für die Verwendung des Arbeitsgedächtnisses bei der Bildung nicht-lokaler Dependenzen in der menschlichen Satzverarbeitung zu untersuchen. Das Aktivierungsmodell, welches auf der ‘Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational’ (ACT-R; Anderson et al., 2004) aufbaut, wird in der Literatur herangezogen, um Lokalitätseffekte und Interferenz durch Ähnlichkeit mit einem von Interferenz und Gedächtnisverfall betroffenen merkmalsbasierten Gedächtnisabrufmechanismus zu erklären. Sowohl Lokalitätseffekte als auch (inhibitorische) Interferenz durch Ähnlichkeit führen zu einer erhöhten Verarbeitungsschwierigkeit (z.B. längere Lesezeiten) an der Stelle, wo die Dependenz gebildet wird und daher ein Gedächtnisabruf anzunehmen ist: (I) Lokalitätseffekte werden durch die erhöhte Schwierigkeit erklärt, die mit dem Abruf des ersten Teils einer Dependenz einhergeht, wenn dessen Distanz zu der Stelle, die den Gedächtnisabruf auslöst (d.h. der zweite Teil der Dependenz), vergrößert wird. (II) Interferenz durch Ähnlichkeit wird dadurch erklärt, dass der Gedächtnisabruf von der Anwesenheit von Elementen mit denselben Merkmalen wie die des abzurufenden Teils der Dependenz beeinträchtigt wird. In dieser Dissertation untersuche ich einige Erkenntnisse, die das Aktivierungsmodell herausfordern, namentlich fazilitatorische Effekte an Stellen, wo Lokalitätseffekte zu erwarten wären (z.B. Levy, 2008), sowie die Abwesenheit von Interferenz durch Ähnlichkeit in Experimenten, die den Numerus manipulieren (z.B. Wagers et al., 2009). Des Weiteren verwende ich Messwerte der individuellen Unterschiede in der Arbeitsgedächtnisleistung und in der Leseflüssigkeit um die untersuchten Theorien zu validieren, und komputationale Modellierung um ein genaueres Bild der untersuchten Phänomene zu zeichnen zu können. Was die Lokalitätseffekte angeht, so werden in dieser Dissertation hauptsächlich zwei Erkenntnisse vorgestellt, die auf mit Selbst-gesteuertem-Lesen und Eyetracking erhobenen Daten zum Spanischen und Deutschen basieren. (I) Lokalitätseffekte scheinen von der Arbeitsgedächtniskapazität moduliert zu werden: Probanden mit hoher Arbeitsgedächtniskapazität zeigen erwartungsgesteuerte fazilitatorische Effekte. (II) Wenn Erwartungen und andere potentielle Störvariablen durch geeignete Baselines kontrolliert werden, können bei Probanden mit starkem Arbeitsgedächtnis verlangsamte Lesezeiten (d. h., Lokalitätseffekte) und bei Probanden mit schwachem Arbeitsgedächtnis verkürzte Lesezeiten beobachtet werden. Während Lokalitätseffekte mit dem Aktivierungsmodell vereinbar sind, zeigen Simulationen, dass die fazilitatorischen Effekte der Probanden mit schwächerem Arbeitsgedächtnis nur dann von dem Aktivierungsmodell erklärt werden können, wenn einige der Modellannahmen geändert werden. Was Interferenz durch Ähnlichkeit angeht, so werden in dieser Dissertation zwei Experimente mit Selbst-gesteuertem-Lesen zum Deutschen vorgestellt, die eine relativ hohe statistische Teststärke haben. Grammatische Sätze führen hier zu verlangsamten Lesezeiten am Verb, wie es das Aktivierungsmodell vorhersagt. Diese Ergebnisse sind Evidenz für die Bildung von Dependenzen mittels merkmalsbasiertem Gedächtnisabruf und können nicht durch einen wie von Wagers et al. (2009) vorgeschlagenen Reanalysemechanismus erklärt werden. Letztendlich werden dieselben empirischen Daten, die durch den Numerus ausgelöste inhibitorische Interferenz zeigen, für eine detailliertere, simulationsbasierte Betrachtung des Gedächtnisabrufprozesses verwendet. Neben dem Aktivierungsmodell von Lewis und Vasishth (2005) kann auch das Modell eines direkten Gedächtniszugriffs von McElree (2000) die inhibitorische Interferenz erklären. Beide Modelle nehmen für die Bildung von Dependenzen einen merkmalsbasierten Gedächtniszugriffsmechanismus an, aber sie fußen auf unterschiedlichen Annahmen. Ich stelle eine komputationale Evaluation der Vorhersagen dieser beiden Gedächtniszugriffsmodelle vor. Um die beiden Modelle zu vergleichen, werden sie als Bayessche hierarchische Modelle implementiert. Die Evaluation der Modelle zeigt, dass einige Aspekte der empirischen Daten besser von McElrees Modell als von Lewis’ und Vasishths Modell erklärt werden. Eine einfache Erweiterung des Aktivierungsmodells erklärt die Daten jedoch ähnlich gut wie McElrees Modell. Kurz, diese Dissertation liefert weitere Evidenz für die These, dass das allgemeine Gedächtnissystem — und ein merkmalsbasierter Abrufmechanismus im Besonderen — beim Bilden linguistischer Dependenzen Anwendung findet. Es wird jedoch auch gezeigt, dass einige der Standardannahmen, die das Aktivierungsmodell von der ACT-R-Architektur geerbt hat, überdacht und angepasst werden müssen. KW - linguistics KW - working memory KW - computational modeling KW - Sprachwissenschaft KW - Arbeitsgedächtniss KW - komputationale Modellierung Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neumann, Anne A1 - Nieswand, Maria A1 - Schubert, Torben T1 - Estimating alternative technology sets in nonparametric efficiency analysis: restriction tests for panel and clustered data JF - Journal of productivity analysis N2 - Nonparametric efficiency analysis has become a widely applied technique to support industrial bench-marking as well as a variety of incentive-based regulation policies. In practice such exercises are often plagued by incomplete knowledge about the correct specifications of inputs and outputs. Simar and Wilson (Commun Stat Simul Comput 30(1): 159-184, 2001) and Schubert and Simar (J Prod Anal 36(1): 55-69, 2011) propose restriction tests to support such specification decisions for cross-section data. However, the typical oligopolized market structure pertinent to regulation contexts often leads to low numbers of cross-section observations, rendering reliable estimation based on these tests practically unfeasible. This small-sample problem could often be avoided with the use of panel data, which would in any case require an extension of the cross-section restriction tests to handle panel data. In this paper we derive these tests. We prove the consistency of the proposed method and apply it to a sample of US natural gas transmission companies from 2003 through 2007. We find that the total quantity of natural gas delivered and natural gas delivered in peak periods measure essentially the same output. Therefore only one needs to be included. We also show that the length of mains as a measure of transportation service is non-redundant and therefore must be included. KW - Benchmarking models KW - Network industries KW - Nonparametric efficiency estimation KW - Data envelopment analysis KW - Testing restrictions KW - Subsampling KW - Bootstrap Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11123-015-0461-z SN - 0895-562X SN - 1573-0441 VL - 45 SP - 35 EP - 51 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - GEN A1 - Neugebauer, Ina A1 - Schwab, M. J. A1 - Waldmann, Nicolas D. A1 - Tjallingii, Rik A1 - Frank, U. A1 - Hadzhiivanova, E. A1 - Naumann, R. A1 - Taha, N. A1 - Agnon, Amotz A1 - Enzel, Y. A1 - Brauer, Achim T1 - Hydroclimatic variability in the Levant during the early last glacial (similar to 117-75 ka) derived from micro-facies analyses of deep Dead Sea sediments T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The new sediment record from the deep Dead Sea basin (ICDP core 5017-1) provides a unique archive for hydroclimatic variability in the Levant. Here, we present high-resolution sediment facies analysis and elemental composition by micro-X-ray fluorescence (mu XRF) scanning of core 5017-1 to trace lake levels and responses of the regional hydroclimatology during the time interval from ca. 117 to 75 ka, i. e. the transition between the last interglacial and the onset of the last glaciation. We distinguished six major micro-facies types and interpreted these and their alterations in the core in terms of relative lake level changes. The two end-member facies for highest and lowest lake levels are (a) up to several metres thick, greenish sediments of alternating aragonite and detrital marl laminae (aad) and (b) thick halite facies, respectively. Intermediate lake levels are characterised by detrital marls with varying amounts of aragonite, gypsum or halite, reflecting lower-amplitude, shorter-term variability. Two intervals of pronounced lake level drops occurred at similar to 110-108 +/- 5 and similar to 93-87 +/- 7 ka. They likely coincide with stadial conditions in the central Mediterranean (Melisey I and II pollen zones in Monticchio) and low global sea levels during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5d and 5b. However, our data do not support the current hypothesis of an almost complete desiccation of the Dead Sea during the earlier of these lake level low stands based on a recovered gravel layer. Based on new petrographic analyses, we propose that, although it was a low stand, this well-sorted gravel layer may be a vestige of a thick turbidite that has been washed out during drilling rather than an in situ beach deposit. Two intervals of higher lake stands at similar to 108-93 +/- 6 and similar to 87-75 +/- 7 ka correspond to interstadial conditions in the central Mediterranean, i. e. pollen zones St. Germain I and II in Monticchio, and Greenland interstadials (GI) 24+23 and 21 in Greenland, as well as to sapropels S4 and S3 in the Mediterranean Sea. These apparent correlations suggest a close link of the climate in the Levant to North Atlantic and Mediterranean climates during the time of the build-up of Northern Hemisphere ice shields in the early last glacial period. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 549 KW - Lake Lisan KW - Middle-east KW - ice-sheet KW - hydrological condition KW - climate variability KW - tropical plumes KW - Winter rainfall KW - Southern Levant KW - soreq cave KW - Near-east Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-411879 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 549 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neugebauer, I. A1 - Schwab, M. J. A1 - Waldmann, N. D. A1 - Tjallingii, Rik A1 - Frank, U. A1 - Hadzhiivanova, E. A1 - Naumann, R. A1 - Taha, N. A1 - Agnon, A. A1 - Enzel, Y. A1 - Brauer, Achim T1 - Hydroclimatic variability in the Levant during the early last glacial (similar to 117-75 ka) derived from micro-facies analyses of deep Dead Sea sediments JF - Climate of the past : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union N2 - The new sediment record from the deep Dead Sea basin (ICDP core 5017-1) provides a unique archive for hydroclimatic variability in the Levant. Here, we present high-resolution sediment facies analysis and elemental composition by micro-X-ray fluorescence (mu XRF) scanning of core 5017-1 to trace lake levels and responses of the regional hydroclimatology during the time interval from ca. 117 to 75 ka, i. e. the transition between the last interglacial and the onset of the last glaciation. We distinguished six major micro-facies types and interpreted these and their alterations in the core in terms of relative lake level changes. The two end-member facies for highest and lowest lake levels are (a) up to several metres thick, greenish sediments of alternating aragonite and detrital marl laminae (aad) and (b) thick halite facies, respectively. Intermediate lake levels are characterised by detrital marls with varying amounts of aragonite, gypsum or halite, reflecting lower-amplitude, shorter-term variability. Two intervals of pronounced lake level drops occurred at similar to 110-108 +/- 5 and similar to 93-87 +/- 7 ka. They likely coincide with stadial conditions in the central Mediterranean (Melisey I and II pollen zones in Monticchio) and low global sea levels during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5d and 5b. However, our data do not support the current hypothesis of an almost complete desiccation of the Dead Sea during the earlier of these lake level low stands based on a recovered gravel layer. Based on new petrographic analyses, we propose that, although it was a low stand, this well-sorted gravel layer may be a vestige of a thick turbidite that has been washed out during drilling rather than an in situ beach deposit. Two intervals of higher lake stands at similar to 108-93 +/- 6 and similar to 87-75 +/- 7 ka correspond to interstadial conditions in the central Mediterranean, i. e. pollen zones St. Germain I and II in Monticchio, and Greenland interstadials (GI) 24+23 and 21 in Greenland, as well as to sapropels S4 and S3 in the Mediterranean Sea. These apparent correlations suggest a close link of the climate in the Levant to North Atlantic and Mediterranean climates during the time of the build-up of Northern Hemisphere ice shields in the early last glacial period. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-75-2016 SN - 1814-9324 SN - 1814-9332 VL - 12 SP - 75 EP - 90 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nehring, Benjamin A1 - Rafler, Mathias A1 - Zessin, Hans T1 - Splitting-characterizations of the Papangelou process JF - Mathematische Nachrichten N2 - For point processes we establish a link between integration-by-parts-and splitting-formulas which can also be considered as integration-by-parts-formulas of a new type. First we characterize finite Papangelou processes in terms of their splitting kernels. The main part then consists in extending these results to the case of infinitely extended Papangelou and, in particular, Polya and Gibbs processes. (C) 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim KW - Papangelou processes KW - characterization of point processes KW - independent splittings KW - Gibbs processes Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/mana.201400384 SN - 0025-584X SN - 1522-2616 VL - 289 SP - 85 EP - 96 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neher, Dieter A1 - Kniepert, Juliane A1 - Elimelech, Arik A1 - Koster, L. Jan Anton T1 - A New Figure of Merit for Organic Solar Cells with Transport-limited Photocurrents JF - Scientific reports N2 - Compared to their inorganic counterparts, organic semiconductors suffer from relatively low charge carrier mobilities. Therefore, expressions derived for inorganic solar cells to correlate characteristic performance parameters to material properties are prone to fail when applied to organic devices. This is especially true for the classical Shockley-equation commonly used to describe current-voltage (JV)-curves, as it assumes a high electrical conductivity of the charge transporting material. Here, an analytical expression for the JV-curves of organic solar cells is derived based on a previously published analytical model. This expression, bearing a similar functional dependence as the Shockley-equation, delivers a new figure of merit α to express the balance between free charge recombination and extraction in low mobility photoactive materials. This figure of merit is shown to determine critical device parameters such as the apparent series resistance and the fill factor. KW - Electronic and spintronic devices KW - Semiconductors Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/srep24861 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 6 PB - Nature Publishing Group CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Neher, Dieter A1 - Kniepert, Juliane A1 - Elimelech, Arik A1 - Koster, L. Jan Anton T1 - A New Figure of Merit for Organic Solar Cells with Transport-limited Photocurrents N2 - Compared to their inorganic counterparts, organic semiconductors suffer from relatively low charge carrier mobilities. Therefore, expressions derived for inorganic solar cells to correlate characteristic performance parameters to material properties are prone to fail when applied to organic devices. This is especially true for the classical Shockley-equation commonly used to describe current-voltage (JV)-curves, as it assumes a high electrical conductivity of the charge transporting material. Here, an analytical expression for the JV-curves of organic solar cells is derived based on a previously published analytical model. This expression, bearing a similar functional dependence as the Shockley-equation, delivers a new figure of merit α to express the balance between free charge recombination and extraction in low mobility photoactive materials. This figure of merit is shown to determine critical device parameters such as the apparent series resistance and the fill factor. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 225 KW - Electronic and spintronic devices KW - Semiconductors Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-91414 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neher, Dieter A1 - Kniepert, Juliane A1 - Elimelech, Arik A1 - Koster, L. Jan Anton T1 - A New Figure of Merit for Organic Solar Cells with Transport-limited Photocurrents JF - Scientific reports N2 - Compared to their inorganic counterparts, organic semiconductors suffer from relatively low charge carrier mobilities. Therefore, expressions derived for inorganic solar cells to correlate characteristic performance parameters to material properties are prone to fail when applied to organic devices. This is especially true for the classical Shockley-equation commonly used to describe current-voltage (JV)-curves, as it assumes a high electrical conductivity of the charge transporting material. Here, an analytical expression for the JV-curves of organic solar cells is derived based on a previously published analytical model. This expression, bearing a similar functional dependence as the Shockley-equation, delivers a new figure of merit a to express the balance between free charge recombination and extraction in low mobility photoactive materials. This figure of merit is shown to determine critical device parameters such as the apparent series resistance and the fill factor. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/srep24861 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 6 SP - E2348 EP - E2349 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Negrete, Jose A1 - Pumir, Alain A1 - Hsu, Hsin-Fang A1 - Westendorf, Christian A1 - Tarantola, Marco A1 - Beta, Carsten A1 - Bodenschatz, Eberhard T1 - Noisy Oscillations in the Actin Cytoskeleton of Chemotactic Amoeba JF - Physical review letters N2 - Biological systems with their complex biochemical networks are known to be intrinsically noisy. Here we investigate the dynamics of actin polymerization of amoeboid cells, which are close to the onset of oscillations. We show that the large phenotypic variability in the polymerization dynamics can be accurately captured by a generic nonlinear oscillator model in the presence of noise. We determine the relative role of the noise with a single dimensionless, experimentally accessible parameter, thus providing a quantitative description of the variability in a population of cells. Our approach, which rests on a generic description of a system close to a Hopf bifurcation and includes the effect of noise, can characterize the dynamics of a large class of noisy systems close to an oscillatory instability. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.148102 SN - 0031-9007 SN - 1079-7114 VL - 117 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Negra, Yassine A1 - Chaabene, Helmi A1 - Hammami, Mehrez A1 - Hachana, Younes A1 - Granacher, Urs T1 - EFFECTS OF HIGH-VELOCITY RESISTANCE TRAINING ON ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE IN PREPUBERAL MALE SOCCER ATHLETES JF - Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA N2 - The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a 12-week in-season low-to-moderate load high-velocity resistance training (HVRT) in addition to soccer training as compared with soccer training only on proxies of athletic performance in prepubertal soccer players. Twenty-four male soccer players performed 2 different protocols: (a) regular soccer training with 5 sessions per week (n = 11; age = 12.7 +/- 0.3 years) and (b) regular soccer training with 3 sessions per week and HVRT with 2 sessions per week (n = 13; age = 12.8 +/- 0.2 years). The outcome measures included tests for the assessment of muscle strength (e.g., 1 repetition maximum [1RM] half-squat tests), jump ability (e.g., countermovement jump, squat jump [SJ], standing long jump [SLJ], and multiple 5-bound tests [MB5s]), linear speed (e.g., 5-, 10-, 20-, and 30-m sprint tests), and change of direction (e.g., T-test and Illinois change of direction test). Results revealed significant group 3 test interactions for the SJ test (p <= 0.05, d = 0.59) and the SLJ test (p < 0.01, d = 0.83). Post hoc tests illustrated significant pre-post changes in the HVRT group (SJ: Delta 22%, p < 0.001, d = 1.26; SLJ: Delta 15%, p < 0.001, d = 1.30) but not in the control group. In addition, tendencies toward significant interaction effects were found for the 1RM half-squat (p = 0.08, d = 0.54) and the 10-m sprint test (p = 0.06, d = 0.57). Significant pre-post changes were found for both parameters in the HVRT group only (1RM: Delta 25%, p < 0.001, d = 1.23; 10-m sprint: Delta 7%, p < 0.0001, d = 1.47). In summary, in-season low-to-moderate load HVRT conducted in combination with regular soccer training is a safe and feasible intervention that has positive effects on maximal strength, vertical and horizontal jump and sprint performance as compared with soccer training only. KW - youth soccer KW - change of direction KW - jump performances KW - sprint Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001433 SN - 1064-8011 SN - 1533-4287 VL - 30 SP - 3290 EP - 3297 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neca, Łukasz T1 - Trauma, Lagerliteratur und die Arbeit an der Bedeutung JF - Grenzräume – Grenzbewegungen : Ergebnisse der Arbeitstreffen des Jungen Forums Slavistische Literaturwissenschaft in Basel 2013 und Frankfurt (Oder) und Słubice 2014 ; Bd. 2 Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-93084 SN - 978-3-86956-359-6 VL - 2 SP - 207 EP - 219 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Nazzi, Thierry A1 - Poltrock, Silvana A1 - Von Holzen, Katie T1 - The developmental origins of the consonant bias in lexical processing T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Consonants have been proposed to carry more of the weight of lexical processing than vowels. This consonant bias has consistently been found in adults and has been proposed to facilitate early language acquisition. We explore the origins of this bias over the course of development and in infants learning different languages. Although the consonant bias was originally thought to be present at birth, evidence suggests that it arises from the early stages of phonological and (pre-)lexical acquisition. We discuss two theories that account for the acquisition of the consonant bias: the lexical and acoustic-phonetic hypotheses. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 416 KW - language acquisition KW - lexical development KW - consonant bias KW - cross-linguistic differences Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-405322 IS - 416 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nazzi, Thierry A1 - Poltrock, Silvana A1 - Von Holzen, Katie T1 - The Developmental Origins of the Consonant Bias in Lexical Processing JF - Current directions in psychological science N2 - Consonants have been proposed to carry more of the weight of lexical processing than vowels. This consonant bias has consistently been found in adults and has been proposed to facilitate early language acquisition. We explore the origins of this bias over the course of development and in infants learning different languages. Although the consonant bias was originally thought to be present at birth, evidence suggests that it arises from the early stages of phonological and (pre-)lexical acquisition. We discuss two theories that account for the acquisition of the consonant bias: the lexical and acoustic-phonetic hypotheses. KW - language acquisition KW - lexical development KW - consonant bias KW - cross-linguistic differences Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721416655786 SN - 0963-7214 SN - 1467-8721 VL - 25 SP - 291 EP - 296 PB - Sage Publ. CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - GEN A1 - Navarro-Retamal, Carlos A1 - Bremer, Anne A1 - Alzate-Morales, Jans H. A1 - Caballero, Julio A1 - Hincha, Dirk K. A1 - González, Wendy A1 - Thalhammer, Anja T1 - Molecular dynamics simulations and CD spectroscopy reveal hydration-induced unfolding of the intrinsically disordered LEA proteins COR15A and COR15B from Arabidopsis thaliana N2 - The LEA (late embryogenesis abundant) proteins COR15A and COR15B from Arabidopsis thaliana are intrinsically disordered under fully hydrated conditions, but obtain α-helical structure during dehydration, which is reversible upon rehydration. To understand this unusual structural transition, both proteins were investigated by circular dichroism (CD) and molecular dynamics (MD) approaches. MD simulations showed unfolding of the proteins in water, in agreement with CD data obtained with both HIS-tagged and untagged recombinant proteins. Mainly intramolecular hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) formed by the protein backbone were replaced by H-bonds with water molecules. As COR15 proteins function in vivo as protectants in leaves partially dehydrated by freezing, unfolding was further assessed under crowded conditions. Glycerol reduced (40%) or prevented (100%) unfolding during MD simulations, in agreement with CD spectroscopy results. H-bonding analysis indicated that preferential exclusion of glycerol from the protein backbone increased stability of the folded state. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 321 Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-394503 SP - 25806 EP - 25816 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Navarro-Retamal, Carlos A1 - Bremer, Anne A1 - Alzate-Morales, Jans H. A1 - Caballero, Julio A1 - Hincha, Dirk K. A1 - Gonzalez, Wendy A1 - Thalhammer, Anja T1 - Molecular dynamics simulations and CD spectroscopy reveal hydration-induced unfolding of the intrinsically disordered LEA proteins COR15A and COR15B from Arabidopsis thaliana JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - The LEA (late embryogenesis abundant) proteins COR15A and COR15B from Arabidopsis thaliana are intrinsically disordered under fully hydrated conditions, but obtain alpha-helical structure during dehydration, which is reversible upon rehydration. To understand this unusual structural transition, both proteins were investigated by circular dichroism (CD) and molecular dynamics (MD) approaches. MD simulations showed unfolding of the proteins in water, in agreement with CD data obtained with both HIS-tagged and untagged recombinant proteins. Mainly intramolecular hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) formed by the protein backbone were replaced by H-bonds with water molecules. As COR15 proteins function in vivo as protectants in leaves partially dehydrated by freezing, unfolding was further assessed under crowded conditions. Glycerol reduced (40%) or prevented (100%) unfolding during MD simulations, in agreement with CD spectroscopy results. H-bonding analysis indicated that preferential exclusion of glycerol from the protein backbone increased stability of the folded state. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cp02272c SN - 1463-9076 SN - 1463-9084 VL - 18 SP - 25806 EP - 25816 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nausch, Monika A1 - Bach, Lennart Thomas A1 - Czerny, Jan A1 - Goldstein, Josephine A1 - Großart, Hans-Peter A1 - Hellemann, Dana A1 - Hornick, Thomas A1 - Achterberg, Eric Pieter A1 - Schulz, Kai-Georg A1 - Riebesell, Ulf T1 - Effects of CO2 perturbation on phosphorus pool sizes and uptake in a mesocosm experiment during a low productive summer season in the northern Baltic Sea JF - Biogeosciences N2 - Studies investigating the effect of increasing CO2 levels on the phosphorus cycle in natural waters are lacking although phosphorus often controls phytoplankton development in many aquatic systems. The aim of our study was to analyse effects of elevated CO2 levels on phosphorus pool sizes and uptake. The phosphorus dynamic was followed in a CO2-manipulation mesocosm experiment in the Storfjarden (western Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea) in summer 2012 and was also studied in the surrounding fjord water. In all mesocosms as well as in surface waters of Storfjarden, dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) concentrations of 0.26aEuro-+/- aEuro-0.03 and 0.23aEuro-+/- aEuro-0.04aEuro-A mu molaEuro-L-1, respectively, formed the main fraction of the total P-pool (TP), whereas phosphate (PO4) constituted the lowest fraction with mean concentration of 0.15aEuro-A +/- aEuro-0.02 in the mesocosms and 0.17aEuro-A +/- aEuro-0.07aEuro-A mu molaEuro-L-1 in the fjord. Transformation of PO4 into DOP appeared to be the main pathway of PO4 turnover. About 82aEuro-% of PO4 was converted into DOP whereby only 18aEuro-% of PO4 was transformed into particulate phosphorus (PP). PO4 uptake rates measured in the mesocosms ranged between 0.6 and 3.9aEuro-nmolaEuro-L(-1)aEuro-h(-1). About 86aEuro-% of them was realized by the size fraction < aEuro-3aEuro-A mu m. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) uptake revealed that additional P was supplied from organic compounds accounting for 25-27aEuro-% of P provided by PO4 only. CO2 additions did not cause significant changes in phosphorus (P) pool sizes, DOP composition, and uptake of PO4 and ATP when the whole study period was taken into account. However, significant short-term effects were observed for PO4 and PP pool sizes in CO2 treatments > aEuro-1000aEuro-A mu atm during periods when phytoplankton biomass increased. In addition, we found significant relationships (e.g., between PP and Chl a) in the untreated mesocosms which were not observed under high fCO(2) conditions. Consequently, it can be hypothesized that the relationship between PP formation and phytoplankton growth changed with CO2 elevation. It can be deduced from the results, that visible effects of CO2 on P pools are coupled to phytoplankton growth when the transformation of PO4 into POP was stimulated. The transformation of PO4 into DOP on the other hand does not seem to be affected. Additionally, there were some indications that cellular mechanisms of P regulation might be modified under CO2 elevation changing the relationship between cellular constituents. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3035-2016 SN - 1726-4170 SN - 1726-4189 VL - 13 SP - 3035 EP - 3050 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - GEN A1 - Nausch, Monika A1 - Bach, Lennart Thomas A1 - Czerny, Jan A1 - Goldstein, Josephine A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter A1 - Hellemann, Dana A1 - Hornick, Thomas A1 - Achterberg, Eric Pieter A1 - Schulz, Kai Georg A1 - Riebesell, Ulf T1 - Effects of CO 2 perturbation on phosphorus pool sizes and uptake in a mesocosm experiment during a low productive summer season in the northern Baltic Sea T2 - Biogeosciences N2 - Studies investigating the effect of increasing CO2 levels on the phosphorus cycle in natural waters are lacking although phosphorus often controls phytoplankton development in many aquatic systems. The aim of our study was to analyse effects of elevated CO2 levels on phosphorus pool sizes and uptake. The phosphorus dynamic was followed in a CO2-manipulation mesocosm experiment in the Storfjarden (western Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea) in summer 2012 and was also studied in the surrounding fjord water. In all mesocosms as well as in surface waters of Storfjarden, dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) concentrations of 0.26aEuro-+/- aEuro-0.03 and 0.23aEuro-+/- aEuro-0.04aEuro-A mu molaEuro-L-1, respectively, formed the main fraction of the total P-pool (TP), whereas phosphate (PO4) constituted the lowest fraction with mean concentration of 0.15aEuro-A +/- aEuro-0.02 in the mesocosms and 0.17aEuro-A +/- aEuro-0.07aEuro-A mu molaEuro-L-1 in the fjord. Transformation of PO4 into DOP appeared to be the main pathway of PO4 turnover. About 82aEuro-% of PO4 was converted into DOP whereby only 18aEuro-% of PO4 was transformed into particulate phosphorus (PP). PO4 uptake rates measured in the mesocosms ranged between 0.6 and 3.9aEuro-nmolaEuro-L(-1)aEuro-h(-1). About 86aEuro-% of them was realized by the size fraction < aEuro-3aEuro-A mu m. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) uptake revealed that additional P was supplied from organic compounds accounting for 25-27aEuro-% of P provided by PO4 only. CO2 additions did not cause significant changes in phosphorus (P) pool sizes, DOP composition, and uptake of PO4 and ATP when the whole study period was taken into account. However, significant short-term effects were observed for PO4 and PP pool sizes in CO2 treatments > aEuro-1000aEuro-A mu atm during periods when phytoplankton biomass increased. In addition, we found significant relationships (e.g., between PP and Chl a) in the untreated mesocosms which were not observed under high fCO(2) conditions. Consequently, it can be hypothesized that the relationship between PP formation and phytoplankton growth changed with CO2 elevation. It can be deduced from the results, that visible effects of CO2 on P pools are coupled to phytoplankton growth when the transformation of PO4 into POP was stimulated. The transformation of PO4 into DOP on the other hand does not seem to be affected. Additionally, there were some indications that cellular mechanisms of P regulation might be modified under CO2 elevation changing the relationship between cellular constituents. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 424 KW - Eastern Gotland basin KW - nodularia spumigena KW - organic-matter KW - filamentous cyanobacteria KW - Ocean acidification KW - nitrogen-fixation KW - PCO(2) levels KW - elevated CO2 KW - Peece-III KW - seawater Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-410274 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Naolou, Toufik A1 - Lendlein, Andreas A1 - Neffe, Axel T. T1 - Influence of metal softness on the metal-organic catalyzed polymerization of inorpholin-2,5-diones to oligodepsipeptides JF - European polymer journal Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.10.011 SN - 0014-3057 SN - 1873-1945 VL - 85 SP - 139 EP - 149 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nakano, Yoko A1 - Ikemoto, Yu A1 - Jacob, Gunnar A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - How Orthography Modulates Morphological Priming BT - Subliminal Kanji Activation in Japanese JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - The current study investigates to what extent masked morphological priming is modulated by language-particular properties, specifically by its writing system. We present results from two masked priming experiments investigating the processing of complex Japanese words written in less common (moraic) scripts. In Experiment 1, participants performed lexical decisions on target verbs; these were preceded by primes which were either (i) a past-tense form of the same verb, (ii) a stem-related form with the epenthetic vowel -i, (iii) a semantically-related form, and (iv) a phonologically-related form. Significant priming effects were obtained for prime types (i), (ii), and (iii), but not for (iv). This pattern of results differs from previous findings on languages with alphabetic scripts, which found reliable masked priming effects for morphologically related prime/target pairs of type (i), but not for non-affixal and semantically-related primes of types (ii), and (iii). In Experiment 2, we measured priming effects for prime/target pairs which are neither morphologically, semantically, phonologically nor - as presented in their moraic scripts—orthographically related, but which—in their commonly written form—share the same kanji, which are logograms adopted from Chinese. The results showed a significant priming effect, with faster lexical-decision times for kanji-related prime/target pairs relative to unrelated ones. We conclude that affix-stripping is insufficient to account for masked morphological priming effects across languages, but that language-particular properties (in the case of Japanese, the writing system) affect the processing of (morphologically) complex words. KW - morphologically complex words KW - morpho-orthography KW - decompositon KW - Japanese KW - kanji KW - kana Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00316 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 7 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - GEN A1 - Nakano, Yoko A1 - Ikemoto, Yu A1 - Jacob, Gunnar A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - How Orthography Modulates Morphological Priming BT - Subliminal Kanji Activation in Japanese N2 - The current study investigates to what extent masked morphological priming is modulated by language-particular properties, specifically by its writing system. We present results from two masked priming experiments investigating the processing of complex Japanese words written in less common (moraic) scripts. In Experiment 1, participants performed lexical decisions on target verbs; these were preceded by primes which were either (i) a past-tense form of the same verb, (ii) a stem-related form with the epenthetic vowel -i, (iii) a semantically-related form, and (iv) a phonologically-related form. Significant priming effects were obtained for prime types (i), (ii), and (iii), but not for (iv). This pattern of results differs from previous findings on languages with alphabetic scripts, which found reliable masked priming effects for morphologically related prime/target pairs of type (i), but not for non-affixal and semantically-related primes of types (ii), and (iii). In Experiment 2, we measured priming effects for prime/target pairs which are neither morphologically, semantically, phonologically nor - as presented in their moraic scripts—orthographically related, but which—in their commonly written form—share the same kanji, which are logograms adopted from Chinese. The results showed a significant priming effect, with faster lexical-decision times for kanji-related prime/target pairs relative to unrelated ones. We conclude that affix-stripping is insufficient to account for masked morphological priming effects across languages, but that language-particular properties (in the case of Japanese, the writing system) affect the processing of (morphologically) complex words. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 293 KW - Japanese KW - decompositon KW - kana KW - kanji KW - morpho-orthography KW - morphologically complex words Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-91692 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nakano, Yoko A1 - Ikemoto, Yu A1 - Jacob, Gunnar A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - How Orthography Modulates Morphological Priming: Subliminal Kanji Activation in Japanese JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - The current study investigates to what extent masked morphological priming is modulated by language-particular properties, specifically by its writing system. We present results from two masked priming experiments investigating the processing of complex Japanese words written in less common (moraic) scripts. In Experiment 1, participants performed lexical decisions on target verbs; these were preceded by primes which were either (i) a past-tense form of the same verb, (ii) a stem-related form with the epenthetic vowel-i, (iii) a semantically-related form, and (iv) a phonologically-related form. Significant priming effects were obtained for prime types (i), (ii), and (iii), but not for (iv). This pattern of results differs from previous findings on languages with alphabetic scripts, which found reliable masked priming effects for morphologically related prime/target pairs of type (i), but not for non-affixal and semantically-related primes of types (ii), and (iii). In Experiment 2, we measured priming effects for prime/target pairs which are neither morphologically, semantically, phonologically nor - as presented in their moraic scripts orthographically related, but which in their commonly written form share the same kanji, which are logograms adopted from Chinese. The results showed a significant priming effect, with faster lexical-decision times for kanji-related prime/target pairs relative to unrelated ones. We conclude that affix-stripping is insufficient to account for masked morphological priming effects across languages, but that language-particular properties (in the case of Japanese, the writing system) affect the processing of (morphologically) complex words. KW - morphologically complex words KW - morpho-orthography KW - decompositon KW - Japanese KW - kanji KW - kana Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00316 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 7 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nagornov, Roman A1 - Osipoy, Grigory A1 - Komarov, Maxim A1 - Pikovskij, Arkadij A1 - Shilnikov, Andrey T1 - Mixed-mode synchronization between two inhibitory neurons with post-inhibitory rebound JF - Communications in nonlinear science & numerical simulation N2 - We study an array of activity rhythms generated by a half-center oscillator (HCO), represented by a pair of reciprocally coupled neurons with post-inhibitory rebounds (PIR). Such coupling induced bursting possesses two time scales, one for fast spiking and another for slow quiescent periods, is shown to exhibit an array of synchronization properties. We discuss several HCO configurations constituted by two endogenous bursters, by tonic-spiking and quiescent neurons, as well as mixed-mode configurations composed of neurons of different type. We demonstrate that burst synchronization can be accompanied by complex, often chaotic, interactions of fast spikes within synchronized bursts. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Synchronization KW - Hodgkin-Huxley model KW - Half-center oscillator KW - Post-inhibitory rebound Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnsns.2015.11.024 SN - 1007-5704 SN - 1878-7274 VL - 36 SP - 175 EP - 191 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nabhan, Sami A1 - Luber, Tim A1 - Scheffler, Franziska A1 - Heubeck, Christoph T1 - Climatic and geochemical implications of Archean pedogenic gypsum in the Moodies Group (similar to 3.2 Ga), Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa JF - Precambrian research N2 - Lithic sandstones of braided-fluvial to supratidal facies in the Paleoarchean Moodies Group (similar to 3.22 Ga, Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa) include several regionally traceable units with common to abundant, in places rock-forming, nodular concretions of megaquartz pseudomorphs after gypsum, barite and calcite. Concretionary accumulations are stratiform and commonly associated with aqueously reworked, fine-grained, tuffaceous sediment of originally rhyodacitic composition and can grow to fist sized agglomerates in crusts tens of m in lateral extent. Weathering of tuffaceous material and feldspar delivered alkali cations such as Ca, Ba, and K, while carbonates were likely supplied by silicate weathering of mafic to ultramafic volcanic rocks during exposure to a CO2-rich atmosphere. Sulfate ions were partly delivered by oxidative pyrite dissolution which may have included microbial and abiotic disproportionation of volcanic S or SO2. Concretionary growth apparently took place under pedogenic to early diagenetic conditions within unconsolidated granular sediment in the vadose zone, dominated by seasonal fluctuations of the groundwater level under evaporitic conditions. The concretions likely represent the oldest terrestrial evaporites known to date and form part of the oldest known compound paleosols. Their formation and composition constrain the local occurrence of sulfate in the Archean atmo- and hydrosphere, their interaction with the emerging biosphere, Archean weathering regime, local climate, and vadose-zone hydrodynamics. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Barberton Greenstone Belt KW - Archean KW - Moodies Group KW - Evaporites KW - Sulfate KW - Paleosol Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2016.01.011 SN - 0301-9268 SN - 1872-7433 VL - 275 SP - 119 EP - 134 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mürbe, Ulrike T1 - Normativer Individualismus in Ethik, Politik und Recht [rezensiert von Ulrike Mürbe] JF - MenschenRechtsMagazin : MRM ; Informationen, Meinungen, Analysen N2 - Buchbesprechung: Dietmar von der Pfordten, Lorenz Kähler (Hrsg.), Normativer Individualismus in Ethik, Politik und Recht, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2014, 255 Seiten, ISBN 978-3-16-153629-8, 54,00 €. Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-95163 SN - 1434-2820 VL - 21 IS - 1 SP - 88 EP - 91 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Münzberg, Marvin A1 - Hass, Roland A1 - Khanh, Ninh Dinh Duc A1 - Reich, Oliver T1 - Limitations of turbidity process probes and formazine as their calibration standard T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Turbidity measurements are frequently implemented for the monitoring of heterogeneous chemical, physical, or biotechnological processes. However, for quantitative measurements, turbidity probes need calibration, as is requested and regulated by the ISO 7027:1999. Accordingly, a formazine suspension has to be produced. Despite this regulatory demand, no scientific publication on the stability and reproducibility of this polymerization process is available. In addition, no characterization of the optical properties of this calibration material with other optical methods had been achieved so far. Thus, in this contribution, process conditions such as temperature and concentration have been systematically investigated by turbidity probe measurements and Photon Density Wave (PDW) spectroscopy, revealing an influence on the temporal formazine formation onset. In contrast, different reaction temperatures do not lead to different scattering properties for the final formazine suspensions, but give an access to the activation energy for this condensation reaction. Based on PDW spectroscopy data, the synthesis of formazine is reproducible. However, very strong influences of the ambient conditions on the measurements of the turbidity probe have been observed, limiting its applicability. The restrictions of the turbidity probe with respect to scatterer concentration are examined on the basis of formazine and polystyrene suspensions. Compared to PDW spectroscopy data, signal saturation is observed at already low reduced scattering coefficients. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 831 KW - photon density wave spectroscopy KW - turbidity probes KW - formazine KW - calibration standard KW - process analytical technology Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-428263 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 831 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Münch, Thomas A1 - Kipfstuhl, Sepp A1 - Freitag, Johannes A1 - Meyer, Hanno A1 - Laepple, Thomas T1 - Regional climate signal vs. local noise BT - a two-dimensional view of water isotopes in Antarctic firn at Kohnen Station, Dronning Maud Land T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - In low-accumulation regions, the reliability of delta O-18-derived temperature signals from ice cores within the Holocene is unclear, primarily due to the small climate changes relative to the intrinsic noise of the isotopic signal. In order to learn about the representativity of single ice cores and to optimise future ice-core-based climate reconstructions, we studied the stable-water isotope composition of firn at Kohnen Station, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Analysing delta O-18 in two 50m long snow trenches allowed us to create an unprecedented, two-dimensional image characterising the isotopic variations from the centimetre to the 100-metre scale. Our results show seasonal layering of the isotopic composition but also high horizontal isotopic variability caused by local stratigraphic noise. Based on the horizontal and vertical structure of the isotopic variations, we derive a statistical noise model which successfully explains the trench data. The model further allows one to determine an upper bound for the reliability of climate reconstructions conducted in our study region at seasonal to annual resolution, depending on the number and the spacing of the cores taken. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 500 KW - ice-core records KW - past 2 kyr KW - temperature variability KW - accumulation rates KW - East Antarctica KW - stable-isotopes KW - surface snow KW - time-series KW - diffusion KW - Greenland Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-408385 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 500 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Münch, Thomas A1 - Kipfstuhl, Sepp A1 - Freitag, Johannes A1 - Meyer, Hanno A1 - Laepple, Thomas T1 - Regional climate signal vs. local noise: a two-dimensional view of water isotopes in Antarctic firn at Kohnen Station, Dronning Maud Land JF - Climate of the past : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union N2 - In low-accumulation regions, the reliability of delta O-18-derived temperature signals from ice cores within the Holocene is unclear, primarily due to the small climate changes relative to the intrinsic noise of the isotopic signal. In order to learn about the representativity of single ice cores and to optimise future ice-core-based climate reconstructions, we studied the stable-water isotope composition of firn at Kohnen Station, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Analysing delta O-18 in two 50m long snow trenches allowed us to create an unprecedented, two-dimensional image characterising the isotopic variations from the centimetre to the 100-metre scale. Our results show seasonal layering of the isotopic composition but also high horizontal isotopic variability caused by local stratigraphic noise. Based on the horizontal and vertical structure of the isotopic variations, we derive a statistical noise model which successfully explains the trench data. The model further allows one to determine an upper bound for the reliability of climate reconstructions conducted in our study region at seasonal to annual resolution, depending on the number and the spacing of the cores taken. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1565-2016 SN - 1814-9324 SN - 1814-9332 VL - 12 SP - 1565 EP - 1581 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - THES A1 - Müller, Stephan Heinz T1 - Aggregates Caching for Enterprise Applications N2 - The introduction of columnar in-memory databases, along with hardware evolution, has made the execution of transactional and analytical enterprise application workloads on a single system both feasible and viable. Yet, we argue that executing analytical aggregate queries directly on the transactional data can decrease the overall system performance. Despite the aggregation capabilities of columnar in-memory databases, the direct access to records of a materialized aggregate is always more efficient than aggregating on the fly. The traditional approach to materialized aggregates, however, introduces significant overhead in terms of materialized view selection, maintenance, and exploitation. When this overhead is handled by the application, it increases the application complexity, and can slow down the transactional throughput of inserts, updates, and deletes. In this thesis, we motivate, propose, and evaluate the aggregate cache, a materialized aggregate engine in the main-delta architecture of a columnar in-memory database that provides efficient means to handle costly aggregate queries of enterprise applications. For our design, we leverage the specifics of the main-delta architecture that separates a table into a main and delta partition. The central concept is to only cache the partial aggregate query result as defined on the main partition of a table, because the main partition is relatively stable as records are only inserted into the delta partition. We contribute by proposing incremental aggregate maintenance and query compensation techniques for mixed workloads of enterprise applications. In addition, we introduce aggregate profit metrics that increase the likelihood of persisting the most profitable aggregates in the aggregate cache. Query compensation and maintenance of materialized aggregates based on joins of multiple tables is expensive due to the partitioned tables in the main-delta architecture. Our analysis of enterprise applications has revealed several data schema and workload patterns. This includes the observation that transactional data is persisted in header and item tables, whereas in many cases, the insertion of related header and item records is executed in a single database transaction. We contribute by proposing an approach to transport these application object semantics to the database system and optimize the query processing using the aggregate cache by applying partition pruning and predicate pushdown techniques. For the experimental evaluation, we propose the FICO benchmark that is based on data from a productive ERP system with extracted mixed workloads. Our evaluation reveals that the aggregate cache can accelerate the execution of aggregate queries up to a factor of 60 whereas the speedup highly depends on the number of aggregated records in the main and delta partitions. In mixed workloads, the proposed aggregate maintenance and query compensation techniques perform up to an order of magnitude better than traditional materialized aggregate maintenance approaches. The introduced aggregate profit metrics outperform existing costbased metrics by up to 20%. Lastly, the join pruning and predicate pushdown techniques can accelerate query execution in the aggregate cache in the presence of multiple partitioned tables by up to an order of magnitude. Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Steffen A1 - Müller, Juliane A1 - Stoll, Josefine A1 - Prieske, Olaf A1 - Cassel, Michael A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Incidence of back pain in adolescent athletes BT - a prospective study JF - BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation N2 - Background Recently, the incidence rate of back pain (BP) in adolescents has been reported at 21%. However, the development of BP in adolescent athletes is unclear. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of BP in young elite athletes in relation to gender and type of sport practiced. Methods Subjective BP was assessed in 321 elite adolescent athletes (m/f 57%/43%; 13.2 ± 1.4 years; 163.4 ± 11.4 cm; 52.6 ± 12.6 kg; 5.0 ± 2.6 training yrs; 7.6 ± 5.3 training h/week). Initially, all athletes were free of pain. The main outcome criterion was the incidence of back pain [%] analyzed in terms of pain development from the first measurement day (M1) to the second measurement day (M2) after 2.0 ± 1.0 year. Participants were classified into athletes who developed back pain (BPD) and athletes who did not develop back pain (nBPD). BP (acute or within the last 7 days) was assessed with a 5-step face scale (face 1–2 = no pain; face 3–5 = pain). BPD included all athletes who reported faces 1 and 2 at M1 and faces 3 to 5 at M2. nBPD were all athletes who reported face 1 or 2 at both M1 and M2. Data was analyzed descriptively. Additionally, a Chi2 test was used to analyze gender- and sport-specific differences (p = 0.05). Results Thirty-two athletes were categorized as BPD (10%). The gender difference was 5% (m/f: 12%/7%) but did not show statistical significance (p = 0.15). The incidence of BP ranged between 6 and 15% for the different sport categories. Game sports (15%) showed the highest, and explosive strength sports (6%) the lowest incidence. Anthropometrics or training characteristics did not significantly influence BPD (p = 0.14 gender to p = 0.90 sports; r2 = 0.0825). Conclusions BP incidence was lower in adolescent athletes compared to young non-athletes and even to the general adult population. Consequently, it can be concluded that high-performance sports do not lead to an additional increase in back pain incidence during early adolescence. Nevertheless, back pain prevention programs should be implemented into daily training routines for sport categories identified as showing high incidence rates. KW - Pain occurrence KW - Young athletes KW - Injury KW - Training volume Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-016-0064-7 SN - 2052-1847 VL - 8 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - GEN A1 - Müller, Steffen A1 - Carlsohn, Anja A1 - Müller, Juliane A1 - Baur, Heiner A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Influence of Obesity on Foot Loading Characteristics in Gait for Children Aged 1 to 12 Years N2 - Background Overweight and obesity are increasing health problems that are not restricted to adults only. Childhood obesity is associated with metabolic, psychological and musculoskeletal comorbidities. However, knowledge about the effect of obesity on the foot function across maturation is lacking. Decreased foot function with disproportional loading characteristics is expected for obese children. The aim of this study was to examine foot loading characteristics during gait of normal-weight, overweight and obese children aged 1-12 years. Methods A total of 10382 children aged one to twelve years were enrolled in the study. Finally, 7575 children (m/f: n = 3630/3945; 7.0 +/- 2.9yr; 1.23 +/- 0.19m; 26.6 +/- 10.6kg; BMI: 17.1 +/- 2.4kg/m(2)) were included for (complete case) data analysis. Children were categorized to normalweight (>= 3rd and <90th percentile; n = 6458), overweight (>= 90rd and <97th percentile; n = 746) or obese (>97th percentile; n = 371) according to the German reference system that is based on age and gender-specific body mass indices (BMI). Plantar pressure measurements were assessed during gait on an instrumented walkway. Contact area, arch index (AI), peak pressure (PP) and force time integral (FTI) were calculated for the total, fore-, mid-and hindfoot. Data was analyzed descriptively (mean +/- SD) followed by ANOVA/Welch-test (according to homogeneity of variances: yes/no) for group differences according to BMI categorization (normal-weight, overweight, obesity) and for each age group 1 to 12yrs (post-hoc Tukey Kramer/Dunnett's C; alpha = 0.05). Results Mean walking velocity was 0.95 +/- 0.25 m/s with no differences between normal-weight, overweight or obese children (p = 0.0841). Results show higher foot contact area, arch index, peak pressure and force time integral in overweight and obese children (p< 0.001). Obese children showed the 1.48-fold (1 year-old) to 3.49-fold (10 year-old) midfoot loading (FTI) compared to normal-weight. Conclusion Additional body mass leads to higher overall load, with disproportional impact on the midfoot area and longitudinal foot arch showing characteristic foot loading patterns. Already the feet of one and two year old children are significantly affected. Childhood overweight and obesity is not compensated by the musculoskeletal system. To avoid excessive foot loading with potential risk of discomfort or pain in childhood, prevention strategies should be developed and validated for children with a high body mass index and functional changes in the midfoot area. The presented plantar pressure values could additionally serve as reference data to identify suspicious foot loading patterns in children. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 284 KW - plantar pressure distribution KW - body-mass index KW - prepubescent children KW - overweight children KW - childhood obesity KW - walking KW - speed KW - forces KW - adolescents KW - prevalence Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-90108 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Steffen A1 - Carlsohn, Anja A1 - Müller, Juliane A1 - Baur, Heiner A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Influence of Obesity on Foot Loading Characteristics in Gait for Children Aged 1 to 12 Years JF - PLoS one N2 - Background Overweight and obesity are increasing health problems that are not restricted to adults only. Childhood obesity is associated with metabolic, psychological and musculoskeletal comorbidities. However, knowledge about the effect of obesity on the foot function across maturation is lacking. Decreased foot function with disproportional loading characteristics is expected for obese children. The aim of this study was to examine foot loading characteristics during gait of normal-weight, overweight and obese children aged 1-12 years. Methods A total of 10382 children aged one to twelve years were enrolled in the study. Finally, 7575 children (m/f: n = 3630/3945; 7.0 +/- 2.9yr; 1.23 +/- 0.19m; 26.6 +/- 10.6kg; BMI: 17.1 +/- 2.4kg/m(2)) were included for (complete case) data analysis. Children were categorized to normalweight (>= 3rd and <90th percentile; n = 6458), overweight (>= 90rd and <97th percentile; n = 746) or obese (>97th percentile; n = 371) according to the German reference system that is based on age and gender-specific body mass indices (BMI). Plantar pressure measurements were assessed during gait on an instrumented walkway. Contact area, arch index (AI), peak pressure (PP) and force time integral (FTI) were calculated for the total, fore-, mid-and hindfoot. Data was analyzed descriptively (mean +/- SD) followed by ANOVA/Welch-test (according to homogeneity of variances: yes/no) for group differences according to BMI categorization (normal-weight, overweight, obesity) and for each age group 1 to 12yrs (post-hoc Tukey Kramer/Dunnett's C; alpha = 0.05). Results Mean walking velocity was 0.95 +/- 0.25 m/s with no differences between normal-weight, overweight or obese children (p = 0.0841). Results show higher foot contact area, arch index, peak pressure and force time integral in overweight and obese children (p< 0.001). Obese children showed the 1.48-fold (1 year-old) to 3.49-fold (10 year-old) midfoot loading (FTI) compared to normal-weight. Conclusion Additional body mass leads to higher overall load, with disproportional impact on the midfoot area and longitudinal foot arch showing characteristic foot loading patterns. Already the feet of one and two year old children are significantly affected. Childhood overweight and obesity is not compensated by the musculoskeletal system. To avoid excessive foot loading with potential risk of discomfort or pain in childhood, prevention strategies should be developed and validated for children with a high body mass index and functional changes in the midfoot area. The presented plantar pressure values could additionally serve as reference data to identify suspicious foot loading patterns in children. KW - plantar pressure distribution KW - body-mass index KW - prepubescent children KW - overweight children KW - childhood obesity KW - walking KW - speed KW - forces KW - adolescents KW - prevalence Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149924 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 11 IS - 2 PB - Public Library of Science CY - Lawrence, Kan. ER - TY - THES A1 - Müller, Maximilian T1 - Organisationsmodelle für Beschaffung, Betrieb und Finanzierung von Lufttransportkapazitäten in der internationalen Katastrophenhilfe T1 - Organizational models for procurement, operations and funding of air transport capacities in humanitarian aid N2 - Die Dissertation befasst sich mit der Organisation von humanitären Lufttransporten bei internationalen Katastrophen. Diese Flüge finden immer dann statt, wenn die eigene Hilfeleistungsfähigkeit der von Katastrophen betroffenen Regionen überfordert ist und Hilfe aus dem Ausland angefordert wird. Bei jedem der darauffolgenden Hilfseinsätze stehen Hilfsorganisationen und weitere mit der Katastrophenhilfe beteiligte Akteure erneut vor der Herausforderung, in kürzester Zeit eine logistische Kette aufzubauen, damit die Güter zum richtigen Zeitpunkt in der richtigen Menge am richtigen Ort eintreffen. Humanitäre Lufttransporte werden in der Regel als Charterflüge organisiert und finden auf langen Strecken zu Zielen statt, die nicht selten abseits der hochfrequentierten Warenströme liegen. Am Markt ist das Angebot für derartige Transportdienstleistungen nicht gesichert verfügbar und unter Umständen müssen Hilfsorganisationen warten bis Kapazitäten mit geeigneten Flugzeugen zur Verfügung stehen. Auch qualitativ sind die Anforderungen von Hilfsorganisationen an die Hilfsgütertransporte höher als im regulären Linientransport. Im Rahmen der Dissertation wird ein alternatives Organisationsmodell für die Beschaffung und den Betrieb sowie die Finanzierung von humanitären Lufttransporten aufgebaut. Dabei wird die gesicherte Verfügbarkeit von besonders flexibel einsetzbaren Flugzeugen in Betracht gezogen, mit deren Hilfe die Qualität und insbesondere die Planbarkeit der Hilfeleistung verbessert werden könnte. Ein idealtypisches Modell wird hier durch die Kopplung der Kollektivgütertheorie, die der Finanzwissenschaft zuzuordnen ist, mit der Vertragstheorie als Bestandteil der Neuen Institutionenökonomik erarbeitet. Empirische Beiträge zur Vertragstheorie bemängeln, dass es bei der Beschaffung von transaktionsspezifischen Investitionsgütern, wie etwa Flugzeugen mit besonderen Eigenschaften, aufgrund von Risiken und Umweltunsicherheiten zu ineffizienten Lösungen zwischen Vertragspartnern kommt. Die vorliegende Dissertation zeigt eine Möglichkeit auf, wie durch Aufbau einer gemeinsamen Informationsbasis ex-ante, also vor Vertragsschluss, Risiken und Umweltunsicherheiten reduziert werden können. Dies geschieht durch eine temporale Erweiterung eines empirischen Modells zur Bestimmung der Organisationsform bei transaktionsspezifischen Investitionsgütern aus der Regulierungsökonomik. Die Arbeitet leistet darüber hinaus einen Beitrag zur Steigerung der Effizienz in der humanitären Logistik durch die fallspezifische Betrachtung von horizontalen Kooperationen und Professionalisierung der Hilfeleistung im Bereich der humanitären Luftfahrt. N2 - Once a disaster occurs and recovery capabilities of the affected regions are exceeded, relief organizations from abroad are faced with sudden demand for establishing a logistical chain in order to deliver relief goods and services at the right time at the right place. Usually, transport capacities for long haul humanitarian transports are ordered as charter flights on the spot market. Market capacities are limited which can lead to delays and surcharges for positioning, though. Based upon theory of finance and institutional economics this thesis shows an organizational model for procurement, operations and funding where secured availability of resources is anticipated. This theoretical approach is then confronted with recent development in civil protection and defense aviation, such as approaches to cooperation through pooling and sharing of capacities and public private partnership, in order to give an economic policy advice. KW - humanitäre Logistik KW - Luftfahrt KW - Katastrophenhilfe KW - Organisationsmodell KW - Finanzierung KW - Hilfsorganisationen KW - Sicherheit KW - Pooling KW - öffentlich private Partnerschaften KW - Organisationsprozesse KW - humanitarian logistics KW - aviation KW - humanitarian aid KW - organization model KW - funding KW - relief organization KW - security KW - pooling KW - public private partnership KW - business processes Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-101021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Juliane A1 - Müller, Steffen A1 - Stoll, Josefine A1 - Rector, Michael V. A1 - Baur, Heiner A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Influence of Load on Three-Dimensional Segmental Trunk Kinematics in One-Handed Lifting: A Pilot Study JF - Journal of applied biomechanics N2 - Stability of the trunk is relevant in determining trunk response to different loading in everyday tasks initiated by the limbs. Descriptions of the trunk’s mechanical movement patterns in response to different loads while lifting objects are still under debate. Hence, the aim of this study was to analyze the influence of weight on 3-dimensional segmental motion of the trunk during 1-handed lifting. Ten asymptomatic subjects were included (29 ± 3 y; 1.79 ± 0.09 m; 75 ± 14 kg). Subjects lifted 3× a light and heavy load from the ground up onto a table. Three-dimensional segmental trunk motion was measured (12 markers; 3 segments: upper thoracic area [UTA], lower thoracic area [LTA], lumbar area [LA]). Outcomes were total motion amplitudes (ROM;[°]) for anterior flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation of each segment. The highest ROM was observed in the LTA segment (anterior flexion), and the smallest ROM in the UTA segment (lateral flexion). ROM differed for all planes between the 3 segments for both tasks (P < .001). There were no differences in ROM between light and heavy loads (P > .05). No interaction effects (load × segment) were observed, as ROM did not reveal differences between loading tasks. Regardless of weight, the 3 segments did reflect differences, supporting the relevance of multisegmental analysis. KW - trunk motion KW - kinematic trunk model KW - everyday task KW - MiSpEx* Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.2015-0227 SN - 1065-8483 SN - 1543-2688 VL - 32 SP - 520 EP - 525 PB - Human Kinetics Publ. CY - Champaign ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Juliane A1 - Müller, Steffen A1 - Engel, Tilman A1 - Reschke, Antje A1 - Baur, Heiner A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Stumbling reactions during perturbed walking: Neuromuscular reflex activity and 3-D kinematics of the trunk - A pilot study JF - Journal of biomechanics N2 - Stumbling led to an increase in ROM, compared to unperturbed gait, in all segments and planes. These increases ranged between 107 +/- 26% (UTA/rotation) and 262 +/- 132% (UTS/lateral flexion), significant only in lateral flexion. EMG activity of the trunk was increased during stumbling (abdominal: 665 +/- 283%; back: 501 +/- 215%), without significant differences between muscles. Provoked stumbling leads to a measurable effect on the trunk, quantifiable by an increase in ROM and EMG activity, compared to normal walking. Greater abdominal muscle activity and ROM of lateral flexion may indicate a specific compensation pattern occurring during stumbling. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Trunk kinematics KW - Treadmill walking KW - Gait perturbation KW - EMG Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.09.041 SN - 0021-9290 SN - 1873-2380 VL - 49 SP - 933 EP - 938 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - THES A1 - Müller, Hans-Georg T1 - Der Majuskelgebrauch im Deutschen BT - Groß- und Kleinschreibung theoretisch, empirisch, ontoge­netisch. T2 - Germanistische Linguistik ; 305 N2 - Die Arbeit stellt die Funktionsweise und den Erwerb der deutschen Groß- und Kleinschreibung auf theoretischer und empirischer Grundlage dar. Den Ausgangspunkt bildet eine textpragmatische Verallgemeinerung bisheriger graphematischer Ansätze, die zu einem übergreifenden Modell des Majuskelgebrauchs im Deutschen erweitert werden und dabei auch nicht-orthografische Teilbereiche einschließen (Versalsatz, Kapitälchen, Binnenmajuskel etc.). Im empirischen Teil der Arbeit werden die orthografischen Leistungsdaten von ca. 5.700 Probanden verschiedener Altersklassen (4. Klasse bis Erwachsenenbildung) untersucht und zu einem allgemeinen Erwerbsmodell der Groß- und Kleinschreibung ausgebaut. Mit Hilfe neuronaler Netzwerksimulationen werden unterschiedliche Lernertypen unterschieden und Diskontinuitäten im Kompetenzerwerb nachgewiesen, die auf qualitative Strategiewechsel in der Ontogenese hindeuten. Den Abschluss bilden orthografiedidaktische und rechtschreibdiagnostische Reflexionen der Daten. KW - Rechtschreibung KW - Groß- und Kleinschreibung KW - Deutschdidaktik Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-11-046096-4 SN - 978-3-11-045796-4 U6 - https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1515/9783110460964 VL - 2016 PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - GEN A1 - Müller, Detlef A1 - Böckmann, Christine A1 - Kolgotin, Alexei A1 - Schneidenbach, Lars A1 - Chemyakin, Eduard A1 - Rosemann, Julia A1 - Znak, Pavel A1 - Romanov, Anton T1 - Microphysical particle properties derived from inversion algorithms developed in the framework of EARLINET T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - We present a summary on the current status of two inversion algorithms that are used in EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar Network) for the inversion of data collected with EARLINET multiwavelength Raman lidars. These instruments measure backscatter coefficients at 355, 532, and 1064 nm, and extinction coefficients at 355 and 532 nm. Development of these two algorithms started in 2000 when EARLINET was founded. The algorithms are based on a manually controlled inversion of optical data which allows for detailed sensitivity studies. The algorithms allow us to derive particle effective radius as well as volume and surface area concentration with comparably high confidence. The retrieval of the real and imaginary parts of the complex refractive index still is a challenge in view of the accuracy required for these parameters in climate change studies in which light absorption needs to be known with high accuracy. It is an extreme challenge to retrieve the real part with an accuracy better than 0.05 and the imaginary part with accuracy better than 0.005-0.1 or +/- 50 %. Single-scattering albedo can be computed from the retrieved microphysical parameters and allows us to categorize aerosols into high-and low-absorbing aerosols. On the basis of a few exemplary simulations with synthetic optical data we discuss the current status of these manually operated algorithms, the potentially achievable accuracy of data products, and the goals for future work. One algorithm was used with the purpose of testing how well microphysical parameters can be derived if the real part of the complex refractive index is known to at least 0.05 or 0.1. The other algorithm was used to find out how well microphysical parameters can be derived if this constraint for the real part is not applied. The optical data used in our study cover a range of Angstrom exponents and extinction-to-backscatter (lidar) ratios that are found from lidar measurements of various aerosol types. We also tested aerosol scenarios that are considered highly unlikely, e.g. the lidar ratios fall outside the commonly accepted range of values measured with Raman lidar, even though the underlying microphysical particle properties are not uncommon. The goal of this part of the study is to test the robustness of the algorithms towards their ability to identify aerosol types that have not been measured so far, but cannot be ruled out based on our current knowledge of aerosol physics. We computed the optical data from monomodal logarithmic particle size distributions, i.e. we explicitly excluded the more complicated case of bimodal particle size distributions which is a topic of ongoing research work. Another constraint is that we only considered particles of spherical shape in our simulations. We considered particle radii as large as 7-10 mu m in our simulations where the Potsdam algorithm is limited to the lower value. We considered optical-data errors of 15% in the simulation studies. We target 50% uncertainty as a reasonable threshold for our data products, though we attempt to obtain data products with less uncertainty in future work. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 565 KW - aerosol-size distribution KW - backscatter lidar data KW - multiwavelength lidar KW - raman-lidar KW - tropospheric aerosol KW - regularization method KW - integral equations KW - optical-data KW - parameters KW - retrieval Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-411934 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 565 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Detlef A1 - Böckmann, Christine A1 - Kolgotin, Alexei A1 - Schneidenbach, Lars A1 - Chemyakin, Eduard A1 - Rosemann, Julia A1 - Znak, Pavel A1 - Romanov, Anton T1 - Microphysical particle properties derived from inversion algorithms developed in the framework of EARLINET JF - Atmospheric measurement techniques : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union N2 - We present a summary on the current status of two inversion algorithms that are used in EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar Network) for the inversion of data collected with EARLINET multiwavelength Raman lidars. These instruments measure backscatter coefficients at 355, 532, and 1064 nm, and extinction coefficients at 355 and 532 nm. Development of these two algorithms started in 2000 when EARLINET was founded. The algorithms are based on a manually controlled inversion of optical data which allows for detailed sensitivity studies. The algorithms allow us to derive particle effective radius as well as volume and surface area concentration with comparably high confidence. The retrieval of the real and imaginary parts of the complex refractive index still is a challenge in view of the accuracy required for these parameters in climate change studies in which light absorption needs to be known with high accuracy. It is an extreme challenge to retrieve the real part with an accuracy better than 0.05 and the imaginary part with accuracy better than 0.005-0.1 or +/- 50 %. Single-scattering albedo can be computed from the retrieved microphysical parameters and allows us to categorize aerosols into high-and low-absorbing aerosols. On the basis of a few exemplary simulations with synthetic optical data we discuss the current status of these manually operated algorithms, the potentially achievable accuracy of data products, and the goals for future work. One algorithm was used with the purpose of testing how well microphysical parameters can be derived if the real part of the complex refractive index is known to at least 0.05 or 0.1. The other algorithm was used to find out how well microphysical parameters can be derived if this constraint for the real part is not applied. The optical data used in our study cover a range of Angstrom exponents and extinction-to-backscatter (lidar) ratios that are found from lidar measurements of various aerosol types. We also tested aerosol scenarios that are considered highly unlikely, e.g. the lidar ratios fall outside the commonly accepted range of values measured with Raman lidar, even though the underlying microphysical particle properties are not uncommon. The goal of this part of the study is to test the robustness of the algorithms towards their ability to identify aerosol types that have not been measured so far, but cannot be ruled out based on our current knowledge of aerosol physics. We computed the optical data from monomodal logarithmic particle size distributions, i.e. we explicitly excluded the more complicated case of bimodal particle size distributions which is a topic of ongoing research work. Another constraint is that we only considered particles of spherical shape in our simulations. We considered particle radii as large as 7-10 mu m in our simulations where the Potsdam algorithm is limited to the lower value. We considered optical-data errors of 15% in the simulation studies. We target 50% uncertainty as a reasonable threshold for our data products, though we attempt to obtain data products with less uncertainty in future work. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-5007-2016 SN - 1867-1381 SN - 1867-8548 VL - 9 SP - 5007 EP - 5035 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - GEN A1 - Müller, Christina M. A1 - Schulz, Benjamin A1 - Lauterbach, Daniel A1 - Ristow, Michael A1 - Wissemann, Volker A1 - Gemeinholzer, Birgit T1 - Geropogon hybridus (L.) Sch.Bip. (Asteraceae) exhibits micro-geographic genetic divergence at ecological range limits along a steep precipitation gradient T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - We analyzed the population genetic pattern of 12 fragmented Geropogon hybridus ecological range edge populations in Israel along a steep precipitation gradient. In the investigation area (45 x 20 km(2)), the annual mean precipitation changes rapidly from 450 mm in the north (Mediterranean-influenced climate zone) to 300 mm in the south (semiarid climate zone) without significant temperature changes. Our analysis (91 individuals, 12 populations, 123 polymorphic loci) revealed strongly structured populations (AMOVA I broken vertical bar(ST) = 0.35; P < 0.001); however, differentiation did not change gradually toward range edge. IBD was significant (Mantel test r = 0.81; P = 0.001) and derived from sharply divided groups between the northernmost populations and the others further south, due to dispersal or environmental limitations. This was corroborated by the PCA and STRUCTURE analyses. IBD and IBE were significant despite the micro-geographic scale of the study area, which indicates that reduced precipitation toward range edge leads to population genetic divergence. However, this pattern diminished when the hypothesized gene flow barrier was taken into account. Applying the spatial analysis method revealed 11 outlier loci that were correlated to annual precipitation and, moreover, were indicative for putative precipitation-related adaptation (BAYESCAN, MCHEZA). The results suggest that even on micro-geographic scales, environmental factors play prominent roles in population divergence, genetic drift, and directional selection. The pattern is typical for strong environmental gradients, e.g., at species range edges and ecological limits, and if gene flow barriers and mosaic-like structures of fragmented habitats hamper dispersal. KW - environmental association studies KW - fragmented habitats KW - isolation by distance (IBD) KW - isolation by environment (IBE) KW - range edge populations Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427061 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 832 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mühlbauer, Evelyn T1 - Mit Korbmachern zum Sieg BT - Unterrichtsanregungen zur Arbeit am Wortschatz der Basketballsprache JF - Sport als Thema im Deutschunterricht : Fachliche Grundlagen – Unterrichtsanregungen – Unterrichtsmaterialien N2 - 1 Hinführung, 2 Zum Buch, 3 Arbeit am Wortschatz: integrativ im wortschatzdidaktischen Dreischritt, 4 Wortschatz lehren und lernen mit dem Buch „Spielmacher“, 5 Literatur Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-99998 SN - 978-3-86956-381-7 SP - 129 EP - 155 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Möring, Sebastian A1 - Leino, Olli Tapio T1 - Beyond games as political education BT - Neo-liberalism in the contemporary computer game form JF - Journal of Gaming & Virtual Worlds N2 - This article introduces the juxtaposed notions of liberal and neo-liberal gameplay in order to show that, while forms of contemporary game culture are heavily influenced by neo-liberalism, they often appear under a liberal disguise. The argument is grounded in Claus Pias’ idea of games as always a product of their time in terms of economic, political and cultural history. The article shows that romantic play theories (e.g. Schiller, Huizinga and Caillois) are circling around the notion of play as ‘free’, which emerged in parallel with the philosophy of liberalism and respective socio-economic developments such as the industrialization and the rise of the nation state. It shows further that contemporary discourse in computer game studies addresses computer game/play as if it still was the romantic form of play rooted in the paradigm of liberalism. The article holds that an account that acknowledges the neo-liberalist underpinnings of computer games is more suited to addressing contemporary computer games, among which are phenomena such as free to play games, which repeat the structures of a neo-liberal society. In those games the players invest time and effort in developing their skills, although their future value is mainly speculative – just like this is the case for citizens of neo-liberal societies. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1386/jgvw.8.2.145_1 SN - 1757-191X VL - 8 IS - 2 SP - 145 EP - 161 PB - Intellect CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Möring, Sebastian A1 - Leino, Olli T1 - Beyond games as political education - neo-liberalism in the contemporary computer game form JF - Journal of gaming & virtual worlds N2 - This article introduces the juxtaposed notions of liberal and neo-liberal gameplay in order to show that, while forms of contemporary game culture are heavily influenced by neo-liberalism, they often appear under a liberal disguise. The argument is grounded in Claus Pias’ idea of games as always a product of their time in terms of economic, political and cultural history. The article shows that romantic play theories (e.g. Schiller, Huizinga and Caillois) are circling around the notion of play as ‘free’, which emerged in parallel with the philosophy of liberalism and respective socio-economic developments such as the industrialization and the rise of the nation state. It shows further that contemporary discourse in computer game studies addresses computer game/play as if it still was the romantic form of play rooted in the paradigm of liberalism. The article holds that an account that acknowledges the neo-liberalist underpinnings of computer games is more suited to addressing contemporary computer games, among which are phenomena such as free to play games, which repeat the structures of a neo-liberal society. In those games the players invest time and effort in developing their skills, although their future value is mainly speculative – just like this is the case for citizens of neo-liberal societies. KW - liberalism KW - neo-liberalism KW - gameplay KW - play theory KW - game studies KW - freedom KW - industrialization KW - free to play Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1386/jgvw.8.2.145_1 SN - 1757-191X SN - 1757-1928 VL - 8 SP - 145 EP - 161 PB - Intellect Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mysiak, Jaroslav A1 - Surminski, Swenja A1 - Thieken, Annegret A1 - Mechler, Reinhard A1 - Aerts, Jeroen C. J. H. T1 - Brief communication BT - Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction - success or warning sign for Paris? T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - In March 2015, a new international blueprint for disaster risk reduction (DRR) was adopted in Sendai, Japan, at the end of the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (WCDRR, 14-18 March 2015). We review and discuss the agreed commitments and targets, as well as the negotiation leading the Sendai Framework for DRR (SF-DRR) and discuss briefly its implication for the later UN-led negotiations on sustainable development goals and climate change. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 524 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-410149 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 524 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mysiak, Jaroslav A1 - Surminski, Swenja A1 - Thieken, Annegret A1 - Mechler, Reinhard A1 - Aerts, Jeroen C. J. H. T1 - Brief communication: Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction - success or warning sign for Paris? JF - Natural hazards and earth system sciences N2 - In March 2015, a new international blueprint for disaster risk reduction (DRR) was adopted in Sendai, Japan, at the end of the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (WCDRR, 14-18 March 2015). We review and discuss the agreed commitments and targets, as well as the negotiation leading the Sendai Framework for DRR (SF-DRR) and discuss briefly its implication for the later UN-led negotiations on sustainable development goals and climate change. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2189-2016 SN - 1561-8633 VL - 16 SP - 2189 EP - 2193 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Myachykov, Andriy A1 - Ellis, Rob A1 - Cangelosi, Angelo A1 - Fischer, Martin H. T1 - Ocular drift along the mental number line JF - Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action N2 - We examined the spontaneous association between numbers and space by documenting attention deployment and the time course of associated spatial-numerical mapping with and without overt oculomotor responses. In Experiment 1, participants maintained central fixation while listening to number names. In Experiment 2, they made horizontal target-direct saccades following auditory number presentation. In both experiments, we continuously measured spontaneous ocular drift in horizontal space during and after number presentation. Experiment 2 also measured visual-probe-directed saccades following number presentation. Reliable ocular drift congruent with a horizontal mental number line emerged during and after number presentation in both experiments. Our results provide new evidence for the implicit and automatic nature of the oculomotor resonance effect associated with the horizontal spatial-numerical mapping mechanism. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-015-0731-4 SN - 0340-0727 SN - 1430-2772 VL - 80 SP - 379 EP - 388 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - GEN A1 - Myachykov, Andriy A1 - Ellis, Rob A1 - Cangelosi, Angelo A1 - Fischer, Martin H. T1 - Ocular drift along the mental number line T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - We examined the spontaneous association between numbers and space by documenting attention deployment and the time course of associated spatial-numerical mapping with and without overt oculomotor responses. In Experiment 1, participants maintained central fixation while listening to number names. In Experiment 2, they made horizontal target-direct saccades following auditory number presentation. In both experiments, we continuously measured spontaneous ocular drift in horizontal space during and after number presentation. Experiment 2 also measured visual-probe-directed saccades following number presentation. Reliable ocular drift congruent with a horizontal mental number line emerged during and after number presentation in both experiments. Our results provide new evidence for the implicit and automatic nature of the oculomotor resonance effect associated with the horizontal spatial-numerical mapping mechanism. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 553 KW - catch trial KW - number word KW - numerical magnitude KW - saccade task KW - SNARC effect Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-430483 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 553 SP - 379 EP - 388 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Musolff, Andreas A1 - Schmidt, Christian A1 - Rode, Michael A1 - Lischeid, Gunnar A1 - Weise, Stephan M. A1 - Fleckenstein, Jan H. T1 - Groundwater head controls nitrate export from an agricultural lowland catchment JF - Advances in water resources N2 - Solute concentration variability is of fundamental importance for the chemical and ecological state of streams. It is often closely related to discharge variability and can be characterized in terms of a solute export regime. Previous studies, especially in lowland catchments, report that nitrate is often exported with an accretion pattern of increasing concentrations with increasing discharge. Several modeling approaches exist to predict the export regime of solutes from the spatial relationship of discharge generating zones with solute availability in the catchment. For a small agriculturally managed lowland catchment in central Germany, we show that this relationship is controlled by the depth to groundwater table and its temporal dynamics. Principal component analysis of groundwater level time series from wells distributed throughout the catchment allowed derivation of a representative groundwater level time series that explained most of the discharge variability. Groundwater sampling revealed consistently decreasing nitrate concentrations with an increasing thickness of the unsaturated zone. The relationships of depth to groundwater table to discharge and to nitrate concentration were parameterized and integrated to successfully model catchment discharge and nitrate export on the basis of groundwater level variations alone. This study shows that intensive and uniform agricultural land use likely results in a clear and consistent concentration-depth relationship of nitrate, which can be utilized in simple approaches to predict stream nitrate export dynamics at the catchment scale. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Water quality KW - Nitrate KW - Lowland catchment KW - Export regime KW - Concentration-discharge relationship Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2016.07.003 SN - 0309-1708 SN - 1872-9657 VL - 96 SP - 95 EP - 107 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Musil, Andreas A1 - Burchard, Daniel T1 - Klausurenkurs im Europarecht BT - ein Fall- und Repetitionsbuch für Pflichtfach und Schwerpunktbereich T3 - Schwerpunkt Klausurenkurs N2 - Jetzt mit zwei neuen Fällen! Die 4. Auflage enhält einen neuen Fall zum Datenschutzrecht und einen zusätzlichen Fall zu sozialrechtlichen Aspekten des Europarechts. Die Konzeption: Dieser Klausurenkurs ist die optimale Ergänzung zum Standardlehrbuch zum Europarecht von Streinz. Angesprochen werden neben den Studierenden des Schwerpunktbereichs Internationales Recht/Europarecht, (deren Bedürfnisse durch das Buch in vollem Umfang abgedeckt werden) auch und insbesondere Pflichtfachstudierende. Sie erhalten das nötige Rüstzeug für examensrelevante Fragestellungen im Europarecht und erhalten einen Eindruck von der Vielfalt von Aufgabenstellungen, den unterschiedlichen Schwierigkeitsgraden sowie den damit verbundenen Erwartungshaltungen an den Klausurschreiber. Der Inhalt im Einzelnen: Der Band ist in drei Kapitel untergliedert. Zu Beginn werden die Arbeitsmöglichkeiten für die beiden angesprochenen Zielgruppen aufgezeigt. Im 2. Kapitel werden sodann auf abstrakter Ebene diejenigen Klausurkonstellationen dargestellt, die im Gemeinschaftsrecht relevant werden können. Hier findet der Leser den allgemeinen Zugang zu klausurrelevanten Fallgestaltungen. Den Kern des Buches bildet der Klausurenteil im 3. Kapitel. Er enthält 23 Fälle, welchen jeweils Leitentscheidungen des EuGH und anderer Gerichte zugrunde liegen. Die entschiedenen Fälle werden klausurtechnisch aufbereitet und um angrenzende Problempunkte ergänzt, so dass jeweils komplette Klausuraufgaben entstehen. Die Verwendungsmöglichkeit als Prüfungsleistung (Schwerpunkt- oder Pflichtfachklausur) wird im Rahmen der Vorüberlegungen zu jedem Fall erläutert. Abgerundet wird der Klausurenteil durch entsprechende Prüfungsschemata. Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-8114-4316-7 PB - Müller CY - Heidelberg ET - 4., neu bearb Aufl. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Muschalla, Beate A1 - Linden, Michael A1 - Joebges, Michael T1 - Work-Anxiety and Sickness Absence After a Short Inpatient Cognitive Behavioral Group Intervention in Comparison to a Recreational Group Meeting JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine N2 - Objective: The aim of this study was to study the effects of a short-term cognitive behavior therapy on work-anxiety and sickness-absence in patients with work-anxiety. Methods: Three-hundred forty-five inpatients who suffered from cardiologic, neurological, or orthopedic problems and additionally work-anxiety were randomly assigned into two different group interventions. Patients got four sessions of a group intervention, which either focused on cognitive behavior-therapy anxiety-management (work-anxiety coping group, WAG) or unspecific recreational activities (RG). Results: No differences were found between WAG and RG for work-anxiety and subjective work ability. When looking at patients who were suffering only from work-anxiety, and no additional mental disorder, the duration of sickness absence until 6 months follow-up was shorter in the WAG (WAG: 11 weeks, RG: 16 weeks, P = 0.050). Conclusion: A shortterm WAG may help return to work in patients with work-anxieties, as long as there is no comorbid mental disorder. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000678 SN - 1076-2752 SN - 1536-5948 VL - 58 SP - 398 EP - 406 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Muschalla, Beate A1 - Fay, Doris A1 - Seemann, Anne T1 - Asking for work adjustments or initiating behavioural changes - what study on the reactions towards colleagues with a personality disorder JF - Fundamenta informaticae N2 - People with mental disorders, especially personality disorders, often face low acceptance at work. This is particularly problematic when returning to work after sick leave, because it impedes reintegration into the former workplace. This study explores colleagues’ reactions towards a problematic worker dependent on the returning person’s reintegration strategy: The returning person undertaking changes in their behaviour is compared with the person requesting adjustments of the workplace. In an experimental study, 188 employed persons read one of four vignettes that described a return-to-work-situation of a problematic co-worker. Across all vignettes, the co-worker was depicted as having previously caused problems in the work team. In the first vignette, the co-worker did not change anything (control condition) when she returned to work; in the second, she asked for workplace adjustments; in the third vignette she initiated efforts to change her own behaviour; and the fourth vignette combined both workplace adjustments and behavioural change. Study participants were asked for their reactions towards the problematic co-worker. Vignettes that included a behavioural change evoked more positive reactions towards the co-worker than vignettes without any behavioural change. Asking for workplace adjustments alone did not yield more positive reactions compared to not initiating any change. When preparing employees with interactional problems for their return to work, it is not effective to only instruct them on their statutory entitlement for workplace adjustments. Instead, it is advisable to encourage them to proactively strive for behaviour changes. KW - Workplace KW - personality disorders KW - mental health KW - sick leave KW - acceptance KW - social distance Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2015.1109671 SN - 1354-8506 SN - 1465-3966 VL - 21 SP - 856 EP - 862 PB - IOS Press CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Muschalla, Beate A1 - Fay, Doris A1 - Linden, M. T1 - Self-reported workplace perception as indicators of work anxieties JF - Occupational medicine N2 - Work anxiety is a potentially disabling mental health problem, which can cause (long-term) sickness absence. In many cases patients do not openly report their anxieties and tend to give externalizing explanations of inner problems. Therefore people with work anxiety may perceive their workplace more negatively than those without such anxiety. To investigate the relation between subjective work description and work anxiety. There were 148 inpatient participants and 8015 general population controls. Patients with work anxiety described their workplace significantly more negatively than patients without work anxiety and employees in the general population, with no differences in workplace descriptions between psychosomatic patients without work anxiety and the general population sample. The type of complaint about work conditions was related to the specific type of work anxiety. Reports about workplace burdens can be indicative of work anxiety and should prompt further in-depth assessments. The content of complaints about work conditions may point to the type of underlying work anxiety. KW - Anxiety KW - diagnostic KW - sickness absence KW - work anxiety KW - workplace Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqv160 SN - 0962-7480 SN - 1471-8405 VL - 66 SP - 168 EP - 170 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Muschalla, Beate A1 - Fay, Doris A1 - Hoffmann, Karin T1 - Inventory for Job Coping and Return Intention (JoCoRi) JF - Diagnostica N2 - Ein großer Anteil der Erwerbstätigen ist aufgrund gesundheitlicher Einschränkungen einmalig oder mehrfach in seiner Berufsbiografie längere Zeit arbeitsunfähig. Auf Grundlage etablierter psychologischer Konstrukte und empirischer Befunde wurde ein spezifisch arbeitsbezogenes Inventar für Job-Coping und Rückkehrintention (JoCoRi) entwickelt. Der Selbsteinschätzungsfragebogen wurde an drei unabhängigen Stichproben (N = 243, N = 337, N = 111) von Rehabilitationspatienten aus Psychosomatik, Orthopädie, Kardiologie und Neurologie geprüft. Faktorenanalytische Ergebnisse der ersten Stichprobe bestätigen eine mehrfaktorielle Struktur. Das Inventar enthält 30 Items in 7 Skalen: 1. Arbeitsbezogene Rückkehrintention und -planung, 2. Arbeitsbezogene Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung, 3. Arbeitsbezogene Selbstberuhigung und Selbstinstruktion, 4. Arbeitsbezogene externale Kontrollüberzeugung, 5. Aktives Coping am Arbeitsplatz, 6. Bedeutung der Arbeit, 7. Kontrollüberzeugung bzgl. der Arbeitsaufnahme. Die Varianzaufklärung liegt bei 68 %. 25 Items haben Hauptladungen > .60. Interne Konsistenzen und Trennschärfen sind überwiegend zufriedenstellend. Die Modellgüte der konfirmatorischen Faktorenanalyse ist überzeugend. Das Modell ist in einer unabhängigen Stichprobe stabil (N = 337). Die Skalen wurden mit inhaltlich analogen Globalkonstrukten validiert. Die mehrfaktorielle Struktur kann in der zweiten Stichprobe repliziert werden. Eine längsschnittliche Analyse der dritten Stichprobe prüft die prädiktive Validität der Rückkehrintentionsskala; sie wird hinsichtlich Arbeitsunfähigkeitsdauer und Arbeitsfähigkeitsstatus bestätigt. KW - return-to-work intention KW - work-related coping KW - scale development KW - work anxieties Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924/a000146 SN - 0012-1924 SN - 2190-622X VL - 62 SP - 143 EP - 156 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Muschalla, Beate T1 - Different work capacity impairments in patients with different work-anxieties JF - International archives of occupational and environmental health N2 - Purpose Persons with work-anxieties are especially endangered for work capacity impairment and sick leave. Work capacity impairment is not directly due to symptoms but due to illness-related capacity disorders. Work capacity impairments can be described on different dimensions (e.g., social interaction, decision making and judgment, endurance, mobility). Understanding the type of work capacity impairment is important for reintegration interventions. This is the first study to investigate work capacity impairment in risk patients with different work-anxieties. Results Patients with different work-anxieties were impaired in different capacity dimensions: Work-related social anxiety went along with clinically relevant impairment in capacity of assertiveness (M = 2.40), anxiety of insufficiency went along with impaired capacity of endurance (M = 2.20), and work-related generalized worrying was accompanied by impairment in the capacity for decision making (M = 1.82). Specific capacity impairment dimensions were related to sick leave duration, while a global work ability prognosis was not. Conclusions The capacity approach is useful to describe work impairment more precisely and beyond symptoms. On this basis, reintegration-focusing interventions such as capacity training (e.g., social interaction training) or work adjustment (e.g., reducing exposure with interactional work tasks) can be initiated. KW - Work ability KW - Work-anxiety KW - Sick leave KW - Impairment KW - Mental disorders KW - ICF Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-015-1099-x SN - 0340-0131 SN - 1432-1246 VL - 89 SP - 609 EP - 619 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Muschalla, Beate T1 - Negative work perception not changed in a short work-anxiety-coping group therapy intervention JF - International journal of occupational and environmental health N2 - Background: Work anxiety is often associated with long-term sick leave and requires early intervention. Work anxieties are associated with negative work perception. Therefore, one aim in early intervention is a cognitive reframing of dysfunctional perceptions of workplace characteristics. Methods: A psychotherapeutic specialist conducted two group programs of four sessions each. One hundred twenty-three rehabilitation in-patients with work anxieties were randomly assigned either to a work anxiety-coping group or to a recreational group. The Short Questionnaire for Work Analysis (KFZA) was administered before and after the group treatment to measure perceptions of working conditions. Results: Participants from the work anxiety-coping group did not see their work in a significantly more positive light at the end of the intervention compared to participants from the recreational group. Conclusions: A short work anxiety-coping group did not initiate a consistent positive re-appraisal of work. Employers and occupational physicians should not expect positive changes of work perception when an employee returns from short medical rehabilitation including work-directed treatment. Additional support from the workplace must be considered, e.g. employer-physician-employee conversation preceding return to work, or (temporary) work adjustment. KW - Workplace KW - Mental health KW - Anxiety KW - Sick leave KW - Work-oriented interventions KW - Work perception KW - Return to work KW - Mental disorders Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/10773525.2016.1238663 SN - 1077-3525 SN - 2049-3967 VL - 22 SP - 321 EP - 324 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Murawski, Aline A1 - Bürger, Gerd A1 - Vorogushyn, Sergiy A1 - Merz, Bruno T1 - Can local climate variability be explained by weather patterns? A multi-station evaluation for the Rhine basin JF - Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS N2 - To understand past flood changes in the Rhine catchment and in particular the role of anthropogenic climate change in extreme flows, an attribution study relying on a proper GCM (general circulation model) downscaling is needed. A downscaling based on conditioning a stochastic weather generator on weather patterns is a promising approach. This approach assumes a strong link between weather patterns and local climate, and sufficient GCM skill in reproducing weather pattern climatology. These presuppositions are unprecedentedly evaluated here using 111 years of daily climate data from 490 stations in the Rhine basin and comprehensively testing the number of classification parameters and GCM weather pattern characteristics. A classification based on a combination of mean sea level pressure, temperature, and humidity from the ERA20C reanalysis of atmospheric fields over central Europe with 40 weather types was found to be the most appropriate for stratifying six local climate variables. The corresponding skill is quite diverse though, ranging from good for radiation to poor for precipitation. Especially for the latter it was apparent that pressure fields alone cannot sufficiently stratify local variability. To test the skill of the latest generation of GCMs from the CMIP5 ensemble in reproducing the frequency, seasonality, and persistence of the derived weather patterns, output from 15 GCMs is evaluated. Most GCMs are able to capture these characteristics well, but some models showed consistent deviations in all three evaluation criteria and should be excluded from further attribution analysis. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4283-2016 SN - 1027-5606 SN - 1607-7938 VL - 20 SP - 4283 EP - 4306 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - GEN A1 - Murawski, Aline A1 - Bürger, Gerd A1 - Vorogushyn, Sergiy A1 - Merz, Bruno T1 - Can local climate variability be explained by weather patterns? BT - a multi-station evaluation for the Rhine basin T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - To understand past flood changes in the Rhine catchment and in particular the role of anthropogenic climate change in extreme flows, an attribution study relying on a proper GCM (general circulation model) downscaling is needed. A downscaling based on conditioning a stochastic weather generator on weather patterns is a promising approach. This approach assumes a strong link between weather patterns and local climate, and sufficient GCM skill in reproducing weather pattern climatology. These presuppositions are unprecedentedly evaluated here using 111 years of daily climate data from 490 stations in the Rhine basin and comprehensively testing the number of classification parameters and GCM weather pattern characteristics. A classification based on a combination of mean sea level pressure, temperature, and humidity from the ERA20C reanalysis of atmospheric fields over central Europe with 40 weather types was found to be the most appropriate for stratifying six local climate variables. The corresponding skill is quite diverse though, ranging from good for radiation to poor for precipitation. Especially for the latter it was apparent that pressure fields alone cannot sufficiently stratify local variability. To test the skill of the latest generation of GCMs from the CMIP5 ensemble in reproducing the frequency, seasonality, and persistence of the derived weather patterns, output from 15 GCMs is evaluated. Most GCMs are able to capture these characteristics well, but some models showed consistent deviations in all three evaluation criteria and should be excluded from further attribution analysis. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 525 KW - athmospheric circulation patterns KW - stochastic rainfall model KW - within-type variability KW - river Rhine KW - precipitation KW - temperature KW - trends KW - classification KW - Europe KW - scenarios Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-410155 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 525 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Munz, Matthias A1 - Oswald, Sascha Eric A1 - Schmidt, Christian T1 - Analysis of riverbed temperatures to determine the geometry of subsurface water flow around in-stream geomorphological structures JF - Journal of hydrology N2 - The analytical evaluation of diurnal temperature variation in riverbed sediments provides detailed information on exchange fluxes between rivers and groundwater. The underlying assumption of the stationary, one-dimensional vertical flow field is frequently violated in natural systems where subsurface water flow often has a significant horizontal component. In this paper, we present a new methodology for identifying the geometry of the subsurface flow field using vertical temperature profiles. The statistical analyses are based on model optimisation and selection and are used to evaluate the shape of vertical amplitude ratio profiles. The method was applied to multiple profiles measured around in-stream geomorphological structures in a losing reach of a gravel bed river. The predominant subsurface flow field was systematically categorised in purely vertical and horizontal (hyporheic, parafluvial) components. The results highlight that river groundwater exchange flux at the head, crest and tail of geomorphological structures significantly deviated from the one-dimensional vertical flow, due to a significant horizontal component. The geometry of the subsurface water flow depended on the position around the geomorphological structures and on the river level. The methodology presented in this paper features great potential for characterising the spatial patterns and temporal dynamics of complex subsurface flow geometries by using measured temperature time series in vertical profiles. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Temperature time series KW - Amplitude ratio KW - River-groundwater exchange KW - Hyporheic zone KW - In-stream geomorphological structures KW - River restoration Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.05.012 SN - 0022-1694 SN - 1879-2707 VL - 539 SP - 74 EP - 87 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Munack, Henry A1 - Blöthe, Jan Henrik A1 - Fülöp, R. H. A1 - Codilean, Alexandru T. A1 - Fink, D. A1 - Korup, Oliver T1 - Recycling of Pleistocene valley fills dominates 135 ka of sediment flux, upper Indus River JF - Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal KW - Transhimalaya KW - Zanskar KW - Indus KW - Valley fill KW - Drainage capture KW - In-situ cosmogenic Be-10 Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.07.030 SN - 0277-3791 VL - 149 SP - 122 EP - 134 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mumm, Rebekka A1 - Ipsen, Marie Josephin A1 - Hermanussen, Michael T1 - The association of weight, weight variability and socioeconomic situation among children JF - European journal of clinical nutrition N2 - BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We studied the association of body weight and weight variability among populations from different geographic, historic and socioeconomic background. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We reanalyzed data from 833 growth studies of 78 different countries from 1920 to 2013. We used data from two age groups-infants (age 2 years) and juvenile (age 7 years)-and divided the studies into two geographic-socioeconomic groups. RESULTS: Multiple regressions showed significant interactions between weight, sex, historic year of study, continent and within-study standard deviation. Multiple regression revealed R-2 = 0.256 (P<0.001) at age 2 years and R-2 = 0.478 (P<0.001) at age 7 years. Although infants and juveniles in more affluent countries are heavier than children in less affluent countries (P<0.001), the within-study standard deviation of the two geographic-socioeconomic groups differs at age 7 years (P<0.001) but not at age 2 years (P>0.15). CONCLUSIONS: The general impression that prosperous conditions lead to growth improvements in height and weight appears to be true only at a large scale: wealthy countries have tall and heavy children. At small scale, the situation is different. Whereas economic and nutritional improvements can exhibit substantial effects in weight gains, the discrepancy between the within-population variation in height and weight strongly suggests that height gains and weight gains are subject to different regulations. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2016.21 SN - 0954-3007 SN - 1476-5640 VL - 70 SP - 650 EP - 652 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mumm, Rebekka A1 - Hermanussen, Michael A1 - Scheffler, Christiane T1 - voice break as the marker of biological age JF - Acta paediatrica : nurturing the child N2 - Aim: We aimed to develop the first references for body height, body weight and body mass index (BMI) for boys based on the individual developmental tempo with respect to their voice break status. Methods: We re-analysed data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS study) on body height, body weight and body mass index based on the voice break, or mutation, in 3956 boys aged 10-17 years. We used the LMS method to construct smoothed references centiles for the studied variables in premutational, mutational and postmutational boys. Results: Body height, body weight and BMI differed significantly (p < 0.001) between the different stages of voice break. On average, boys were 5.9 cm taller, 5.8 kg heavier and had a 0.7 kg/m(2) higher BMI with every higher stage of voice break. Currently used growth references for chronological age in comparison with maturity-related references led to an average of 5.4% of boys being falsely classified as overweight. KW - Body mass index KW - Developmental tempo KW - Growth reference values KW - Overweight KW - Voice break Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13488 SN - 0803-5253 SN - 1651-2227 VL - 105 SP - e459 EP - e463 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Muino, Jose M. A1 - de Bruijn, Suzanne A1 - Pajoro, Alice A1 - Geuten, Koen A1 - Vingron, Martin A1 - Angenent, Gerco C. A1 - Kaufmann, Kerstin T1 - Evolution of DNA-Binding Sites of a Floral Master Regulatory Transcription Factor JF - Molecular biology and evolution N2 - Flower development is controlled by the action of key regulatory transcription factors of the MADS-domain family. The function of these factors appears to be highly conserved among species based on mutant phenotypes. However, the conservation of their downstream processes is much less well understood, mostly because the evolutionary turnover and variation of their DNA-binding sites (BSs) among plant species have not yet been experimentally determined. Here, we performed comparative ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation)-seq experiments of the MADS-domain transcription factor SEPALLATA3 (SEP3) in two closely related Arabidopsis species: Arabidopsis thaliana and A. lyrata which have very similar floral organ morphology. We found that BS conservation is associated with DNA sequence conservation, the presence of the CArG-box BS motif and on the relative position of the BS to its potential target gene. Differences in genome size and structure can explain that SEP3 BSs in A. lyrata can be located more distantly to their potential target genes than their counterparts in A. thaliana. In A. lyrata, we identified transposition as a mechanism to generate novel SEP3 binding locations in the genome. Comparative gene expression analysis shows that the loss/gain of BSs is associated with a change in gene expression. In summary, this study investigates the evolutionary dynamics of DNA BSs of a floral key-regulatory transcription factor and explores factors affecting this phenomenon. KW - MADS-domain transcription factor KW - cis-regulatory evolution KW - plant development Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msv210 SN - 0737-4038 SN - 1537-1719 VL - 33 SP - 185 EP - 200 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mueller, Steffen A1 - Carlsohn, Anja A1 - Mueller, Juliane A1 - Baur, Heiner A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Influence of Obesity on Foot Loading Characteristics in Gait for Children Aged 1 to 12 Years JF - PLoS one N2 - Background Overweight and obesity are increasing health problems that are not restricted to adults only. Childhood obesity is associated with metabolic, psychological and musculoskeletal comorbidities. However, knowledge about the effect of obesity on the foot function across maturation is lacking. Decreased foot function with disproportional loading characteristics is expected for obese children. The aim of this study was to examine foot loading characteristics during gait of normal-weight, overweight and obese children aged 1-12 years. Methods Results Mean walking velocity was 0.95 +/- 0.25 m/s with no differences between normal-weight, overweight or obese children (p = 0.0841). Results show higher foot contact area, arch index, peak pressure and force time integral in overweight and obese children (p< 0.001). Obese children showed the 1.48-fold (1 year-old) to 3.49-fold (10 year-old) midfoot loading (FTI) compared to normal-weight. Conclusion Additional body mass leads to higher overall load, with disproportional impact on the midfoot area and longitudinal foot arch showing characteristic foot loading patterns. Already the feet of one and two year old children are significantly affected. Childhood overweight and obesity is not compensated by the musculoskeletal system. To avoid excessive foot loading with potential risk of discomfort or pain in childhood, prevention strategies should be developed and validated for children with a high body mass index and functional changes in the midfoot area. The presented plantar pressure values could additionally serve as reference data to identify suspicious foot loading patterns in children. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149924 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 11 SP - 1710 EP - 1717 PB - PLoS CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - THES A1 - Mueller, Stefanie T1 - Interacting with personal fabrication devices T1 - Interaktion mit Personal Fabrication Geräten N2 - Personal fabrication tools, such as 3D printers, are on the way of enabling a future in which non-technical users will be able to create custom objects. However, while the hardware is there, the current interaction model behind existing design tools is not suitable for non-technical users. Today, 3D printers are operated by fabricating the object in one go, which tends to take overnight due to the slow 3D printing technology. Consequently, the current interaction model requires users to think carefully before printing as every mistake may imply another overnight print. Planning every step ahead, however, is not feasible for non-technical users as they lack the experience to reason about the consequences of their design decisions. In this dissertation, we propose changing the interaction model around personal fabrication tools to better serve this user group. We draw inspiration from personal computing and argue that the evolution of personal fabrication may resemble the evolution of personal computing: Computing started with machines that executed a program in one go before returning the result to the user. By decreasing the interaction unit to single requests, turn-taking systems such as the command line evolved, which provided users with feedback after every input. Finally, with the introduction of direct-manipulation interfaces, users continuously interacted with a program receiving feedback about every action in real-time. In this dissertation, we explore whether these interaction concepts can be applied to personal fabrication as well. We start with fabricating an object in one go and investigate how to tighten the feedback-cycle on an object-level: We contribute a method called low-fidelity fabrication, which saves up to 90% fabrication time by creating objects as fast low-fidelity previews, which are sufficient to evaluate key design aspects. Depending on what is currently being tested, we propose different conversions that enable users to focus on different parts: faBrickator allows for a modular design in the early stages of prototyping; when users move on WirePrint allows quickly testing an object's shape, while Platener allows testing an object's technical function. We present an interactive editor for each technique and explain the underlying conversion algorithms. By interacting on smaller units, such as a single element of an object, we explore what it means to transition from systems that fabricate objects in one go to turn-taking systems. We start with a 2D system called constructable: Users draw with a laser pointer onto the workpiece inside a laser cutter. The drawing is captured with an overhead camera. As soon as the the user finishes drawing an element, such as a line, the constructable system beautifies the path and cuts it--resulting in physical output after every editing step. We extend constructable towards 3D editing by developing a novel laser-cutting technique for 3D objects called LaserOrigami that works by heating up the workpiece with the defocused laser until the material becomes compliant and bends down under gravity. While constructable and LaserOrigami allow for fast physical feedback, the interaction is still best described as turn-taking since it consists of two discrete steps: users first create an input and afterwards the system provides physical output. By decreasing the interaction unit even further to a single feature, we can achieve real-time physical feedback: Input by the user and output by the fabrication device are so tightly coupled that no visible lag exists. This allows us to explore what it means to transition from turn-taking interfaces, which only allow exploring one option at a time, to direct manipulation interfaces with real-time physical feedback, which allow users to explore the entire space of options continuously with a single interaction. We present a system called FormFab, which allows for such direct control. FormFab is based on the same principle as LaserOrigami: It uses a workpiece that when warmed up becomes compliant and can be reshaped. However, FormFab achieves the reshaping not based on gravity, but through a pneumatic system that users can control interactively. As users interact, they see the shape change in real-time. We conclude this dissertation by extrapolating the current evolution into a future in which large numbers of people use the new technology to create objects. We see two additional challenges on the horizon: sustainability and intellectual property. We investigate sustainability by demonstrating how to print less and instead patch physical objects. We explore questions around intellectual property with a system called Scotty that transfers objects without creating duplicates, thereby preserving the designer's copyright. N2 - Personal Fabrication Geräte, wie zum Beispiel 3D Drucker, sind dabei eine Zukunft zu ermöglichen in der selbst Benutzer ohne technisches Fachwissen eigene Objekte erstellen können. Obwohl die Hardware nun verfügbar ist, gibt es derzeit kein geeignetes Interaktionsmodel für Benutzer ohne Fachwissen. Heutzutage werden Objekte mit dem 3D Drucker in einem Stück hergestellt. Da der 3D Druck noch ein sehr langsames Verfahren ist und häufig so lange dauert, dass das Objekt über Nacht hergestellt werden muss, müssen Benutzer sorgfältig alles überprüfen bevor sie den Druckauftrag abschicken, da jeder Fehler einen weiteren Tag Wartezeit bedeuten kann. Benutzer ohne technischen Hintergrund haben jedoch nicht das notwendige Fachwissen um alle Faktoren vorhersagen zu können. In dieser Dissertation schlagen wir vor das Interaktionsmodel von Personal Fabrication Geräten zu ändern, um diese Benutzer besser zu unterstützen. Wir argumentieren, dass die Entwicklung von Personal Fabrication Geräten der Entwicklung von Personal Computern gleicht. Die ersten Computer arbeiteten ein Programm vollständig ab, bevor sie ein Ergebnis an den Benutzer zurückgaben. Durch die Verkleinerung der Interaktionseinheit von ganzen Programmen zu einzelnen Anfragen wurden turn-taking Systeme wie die Kommandozeile möglich. Mit der Einführung von direkter Manipulation konnten Benutzer schließlich kontinuierlich mit dem Program arbeiten: sie erhielten Feedback über jede einzelne Interaktion in Echtzeit. Wir untersuchen in dieser Arbeit ob die gleichen Interaktionskonzepte auf Personal Fabrication Geräte angewendet werden können. Wir beginnen diese Arbeit damit zu untersuchen wie man die Feedbackzeit bei der Interaktion mit ganzen Objekten verkürzen kann. Wir präsentieren eine Methode mit dem Namen Low-fidelity Fabrication, die bis zu 90% Druckzeit spart. Low-fidelity fabrication ist schnell, weil es 3D Modelle als grobe Vorschauobjekte druckt, die aber ausreichen um die Aspekte zu testen, die gerade wichtig sind. Abhängig vom aktuellen Testfokus schlagen wir vor verschiedene Konvertierungen vorzunehmen: Unser System faBrickator ist besonders für die ersten Testläufe geeignet, wenn ein modulares Design wichtig ist. Unser System WirePrint ist besonders nützlich im nächsten Schritt, wenn die Form des Objektes erhalten bleiben soll. Am Ende erlaubt unser System Platener ein Objekt so zu konvertieren, dass die technische Funktion des Objektes bewahrt wird. Wir erklären das Design unserer interaktiven Editoren und die zugrunde liegenden Konvertierungsalgorithmen. Durch die Verkleinerung der Interaktionseinheit auf ein einzelnes Element, wie zum Beispiel einer Linie, untersuchen wir wie man Objekt-basierte Fabrikationssysteme in turn-taking Systeme umwandeln kann. Wir zeigen unser 2D System constructable, das auf einem Laser-Cutter basiert. Benutzer von constructable verwenden einen Laserpointer um auf das Werkstück im Laser-Cutter zu zeichnen. Die Zeichnung wird mit einer Kamera aufgenommen, korrigiert, und anschließend direkt mit dem Laser-Cutter ausgeschnitten. Wir erweitern constructable zu 3D mit unserer neuen Laser-Cutter Technologie Laser-Origami. LaserOrigami erzeugt 3D Objekte, indem es mit dem defokussierten Laser das Werkstück erhitzt bis es verformbar wird, die Schwerkraft biegt das Werkstück anschließend in seine 3D Form. Obwohl constructable und LaserOrigami physisches Feedback schnell erzeugen, ist die Interaktion dennoch am besten als turn-taking zu beschreiben: Benutzer editieren zuerst und sehen danach das Ergebnis. Indem wir die Interaktionseinheit noch einmal verkleinern, nun auf ein einziges Feature, können wir Echtzeitfabrikation erreichen: Benutzereingabe und physisches Feedback sind so eng miteinander verbunden, dass es keine sichtbare Verzögerung mehr gibt. Damit können wir untersuchen, was es bedeutet von turn-taking Systemen zu direkter Manipulation überzugehen. Wir zeigen ein System mit dem Namen FormFab, das solch eine direkte interaktive Kontrolle ermöglicht. FormFab basiert auf dem gleichen Prinzip wie LaserOrigami: Ein Werkstück wird erhitzt bis es verformbar wird. Allerdings verwendet FormFab nicht die Schwerkraft zum verformen, sondern ein pneumatisches System, das Benutzer interaktiv steuern können. Wenn Benutzer den Luftdruck ändern, sehen sie wie sich die Größe der Form in Echtzeit ändert. Dies erlaubt ihnen die beste Entscheidung zu treffen während sie verschiedene Optionen evaluieren. Im letzten Kapitel dieser Dissertation extrapolieren wir die aktuelle Entwicklung in eine Zukunft in der eine große Anzahl von Personen eigene Objekte herstellen werden. Dabei entstehen zwei neue Herausforderungen: Nachhaltigkeit und das Bewahren von intellektuellem Eigentum. KW - human computer interaction KW - 3D printing KW - 3D Drucken KW - Laser Cutten KW - Interaktionsmodel Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-100908 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mueller, R. A1 - Heinicke, T. A1 - Juschus, O. A1 - Zeitz, Jutta T1 - Genesis and abiotic characteristics of three high-altitude peatlands in the Tien Shan Mountains (Kyrgyzstan), with focus on silty peatland substrates JF - Mires and peat N2 - Peatlands are scarce and threatened ecosystems in the semiarid region of Kyrgyzstan. Knowledge about the Kyrgyz peatlands is still poor and, especially, their genesis has hardly been investigated so far. Typically, the peatland substrates are characterised by the admixture of silt-sized particles in various quantities. In this work we report the abiotic properties and genesis of three peatlands within different altitudinal zones in southern Kyrgyzstan. We surveyed the stratification of the peatlands and their water chemistry. In addition, we investigated whether the silt found in the peatland substrates was deposited by wind, rivers or springs. The mineral constituents of the peatland substrates were analysed for particle size distribution and their elemental composition was compared with that of nearby loess, river and spring sediments using the immobile trace element titanium. One peatland shows a high abundance of different peatland substrates, indicating a frequent change of ecological conditions in the past. All three peatlands are fed by groundwater. Overgrazing and trampling by cattle has led to recent degradation of the upper peat layer. The resulting compaction of the peats prevents water from seeping into the substrates of the peatlands and subsequently changes their hydrology. Our results indicate that both wind and rivers have deposited silt in the peatlands, depending on their positions in the relief. Silts may also have been relocated by springs within the peatlands. KW - aeolian KW - fluvial KW - mire KW - particle size KW - X-ray fluorescence Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.19189/MaP.2015.OMB.217 SN - 1819-754X VL - 18 PB - International Peat Society CY - Dundee ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mueller, Lars A1 - Nanova, Diana A1 - Glaser, Tobias A1 - Beck, Sebastian A1 - Pucci, Annemarie A1 - Kast, Anne K. A1 - Schroeder, Rasmus R. A1 - Mankel, Eric A1 - Pingel, Patrick A1 - Neher, Dieter A1 - Kowalsky, Wolfgang A1 - Lovrincic, Robert T1 - Charge-Transfer-Solvent Interaction Predefines Doping Efficiency in p-Doped P3HT Films JF - Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society N2 - Efficient electrical doping of organic semiconductors is a necessary prerequisite for the fabrication of high performance organic electronic devices. In this work, we study p-type doping of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) with 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F(4)TCNQ) spin-cast from two different solvents. Using electron diffraction, we find strong dopant-induced pi-pi-stacking for films from the solvent chloroform, but not from chlorobenzene. This image is confirmed and expanded by the analysis of vibrational features of P3HT and polaron absorptions using optical spectroscopy. Here, a red-shifted polaron absorption is found in doped films from chloroform, caused by a higher conjugation length of the polymer backbone. These differences result in a higher conductivity of films from chloroform. We use optical spectroscopy on the corresponding blend solutions to shed light on the origin of this effect and propose a model to explain why solutions of doped P3HT reveal more aggregation of charged molecules in chlorobenzene, whereas more order is finally observed in dried films from chloroform. Our study emphasizes the importance of solvent parameters exceeding the bare solubility of pure dopant and host material for the preparation of highly conductive doped films. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b01629 SN - 0897-4756 SN - 1520-5002 VL - 28 SP - 4432 EP - 4439 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER -