TY - THES A1 - Zhu, Fangjun T1 - Gene evolution and expression patterns in the all-female fish Amazon molly: Poecilia formosa Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Zhang, Youjun T1 - Investigation of the TCA cycle and glycolytic metabolons and their physiological impacts in plants Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Xu, Ke T1 - Functional characterization of two MYB transcription factors, MYB95 and MYB47, in Arabidopsis thaliana Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Wutke, Saskia T1 - Tracing Changes in Space and Time BT - Paternal Diversity and Phenotypic Traits during Horse Domestication N2 - The horse is a fascinating animal symbolizing power, beauty, strength and grace. Among all the animal species domesticated the horse had the largest impact on the course of human history due to its importance for warfare and transportation. Studying the process of horse domestication contributes to the knowledge about the history of horses and even of our own species. Research based on molecular methods has increasingly focused on the genetic basis of horse domestication. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analyses of modern and ancient horses detected immense maternal diversity, probably due to many mares that contributed to the domestic population. However, mtDNA does not provide an informative phylogeographic structure. In contrast, Y chromosome analyses displayed almost complete uniformity in modern stallions but relatively high diversity in a few ancient horses. Further molecular markers that seem to be well suited to infer the domestication history of horses or genetic and phenotypic changes during this process are loci associated with phenotypic traits. This doctoral thesis consists of three different parts for which I analyzed various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with coat color, locomotion or Y chromosomal variation of horses. These SNPs were genotyped in 350 ancient horses from the Chalcolithic (5,000 BC) to the Middle Ages (11th century). The distribution of the samples ranges from China to the Iberian Peninsula and Iceland. By applying multiplexed next-generation sequencing (NGS) I sequenced short amplicons covering the relevant positions: i) eight coat-color-associated mutations in six genes to deduce the coat color phenotype; ii) the so-called ’Gait-keeper’ SNP in the DMRT3 gene to screen for the ability to amble; iii) 16 SNPs previously detected in ancient horses to infer the corresponding haplotype. Based on these data I investigated the occurrence and frequencies of alleles underlying the respective phenotypes as well as Y chromosome haplotypes at different times and regions. Also, selection coefficients for several Y chromosome lineages or phenotypes were estimated. Concerning coat color differences in ancient horses my work constitutes the most comprehensive study to date. I detected an increase of chestnut horses in the Middle Ages as well as differential selection for spotted and solid phenotypes over time which reflects changing human preferences. With regard to ambling horses, the corresponding allele was present in medieval English and Icelandic horses. Based on these results I argue that Norse settlers, who frequently invaded parts of Britain, brought ambling individuals to Iceland from the British Isles which can be regarded the origin of this trait. Moreover, these settlers appear to have selected for ambling in Icelandic horses. Relating to the third trait, the paternal diversity, these findings represent the largest ancient dataset of Y chromosome variation in non-humans. I proved the existence of several Y chromosome haplotypes in early domestic horses. The decline of Y chromosome variation coincides with the movement of nomadic peoples from the Eurasian steppes and later with different breeding practices in the Roman period. In conclusion, positive selection was estimated for several phenotypes/lineages in different regions or times which indicates that these were preferred by humans. Furthermore, I could successfully infer the distribution and dispersal of horses in association with human movements and actions. Thereby, a better understanding of the influence of people on the changing appearance and genetic diversity of domestic horses could be gained. My results also emphasize the close relationship of ancient genetics and archeology or history and that only in combination well-founded conclusions can be reached. KW - ancient DNA KW - domestication KW - horse KW - equus caballus KW - locomotion KW - Y chromosome KW - coat colour Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Wolter, Juliane T1 - Mid- to Late Holocene environmental dynamics on the Yukon Coastal Plain and Herschel Island (Canada) - envidence from polygonal peatlands and lake sediment Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Wisehart, Daniel T1 - Drug Control and International Law T2 - Routledge Research in International Law N2 - This book provides for an extensive legal analysis of the international drug control system in light of the growing challenges and criticism that this system faces. In the current debate on global drug policy, the central pillars of the international drug control system – the UN Drug Conventions as well as its institutions – are portrayed as outdated, suppressive and seen as an obstacle to necessary changes. The book’s objective is to provide an in-depth and positivist insight into drug control’s present legal framework and thus provide for a better understanding of the normative assumptions upon which drug control is currently based. This is attained by clarifying the objectives of the international drug control system and the premises by which these objectives are to be achieved. The objective of the current global framework of international drug control is the limitation of drugs to medical and scientific purposes. The meaning of this objective and its concrete implications for States’ parties as well as its problems from the perspective of other regimes of international law, most notably international human rights law, are extensively analysed. Additionally, the book focuses on how the international drug control system attempts to reach the objective of confining drugs to medical and scientific purposes, i.e. by setting up a universal system that exercises a rigid control on drug supply. The consequences of this heavy focus on the reduction of drug supply are outlined, and the book concludes by making suggestions on how the international drug control system could be reformed in the near future in order to better meet the existing challenges. The analysis occurs from a general international law perspective. It aims to map the international drug control system within a wider context of international law and to understand whether the problems that the international drug control system faces are exemplary for the difficulties that institutionalized systems of global scope face in the twenty-first century. Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-1-138-48604-1 PB - Routledge CY - New York ER - TY - THES A1 - Wenz, Leonie T1 - Climate change impacts in an increasingly connected world Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Wei, Chunxiang T1 - On the role of monomer drops and swelling in aqueous heterophase polymerization Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Wang, Cheng T1 - Deep Learning of Multimodal Representations Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Vormoor, Klaus Josef T1 - The changing role of snowmelt- and rainfall dominated floods in Norway under climate change BT - observations, projections, uncertainties Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Täuber, Karoline T1 - Porous Membranes from Imidazolium- and Pyridinium-based Poly(ionic liquid)s with Targeted Properties Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Trutkowski, Ewa T1 - Topic Drop and Null Subjects in German T2 - Linguistics & Philosophy ; 6 N2 - This study presents new insights into null subjects, topic drop and the interpretation of topic-dropped elements. Besides providing an empirical data survey, it offers explanations to well-known problems, e.g. syncretisms in the context of null-subject licensing or the marginality of dropping an element which carries oblique case. The book constitutes a valuable source for both empirically and theoretically interested (generative) linguists. Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-11-044413-1 PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - THES A1 - Sviben, Sanja T1 - Calcite biomineralization in coccolithophores BT - new insights from ultrastructural and proteomic studies of Emiliania huxleyi Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Stief, Anna T1 - Genetics and ecology of plant heat stress memory Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Stagl, Judith C. T1 - Ecosystems' exposure to climate change - Modeling as support for nature conservation management Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Soriano, Manuel Flores T1 - Short-term evolution and coexistence of photospheric and chromospheric activity on LQ Hydrae Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Sokolowska, Ewelina Maria T1 - Implementation of a plasmodesmata gatekeeper system, and its effect on intercellular transport Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Shahnejat-Bushehri, Sara T1 - Unravelling the role of the Arabidopsis NAC transcription factor JUNGBRUNNEN1 (JUB1) for the regulation of growth and stress responses Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schöppler, Vanessa T1 - Material properties of Banksia follicles Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schumacher, Reinhard T1 - Adam Smith, foreign trade and economic development BT - essays in historiographic revision Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schindler, Sven T1 - Honeypot Architectures for IPv6 Networks Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schiller, Christof T1 - The Politics of Welfare State Transformation in Germany BT - Still a Semi-Sovereign State? T2 - Routledge-EUI studies in the political economy of welfare ; 17 Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-1-315-62390-0 PB - Routledge CY - London ER - TY - THES A1 - Sauter, Jörg T1 - The molecular origin of plant cell wall swelling N2 - In dieser Arbeit werden die Eigenschaften von hydratisierten Hemicellulose Polysacchariden mittels Computersimulation untersucht. Die hohe Quellfähigkeit von Materialien die aus diesen Molekülen bestehen, erlaubt die Erzeugung von zielgerichteter Bewegung in Planzenmaterialien, ausschließlich gesteuert durch Wasseraufnahme. Um den molekularen Ursprung dieses Quellvermögens zu untersuchen wird, im Vergleich mit Experimenten, ein atomistisches Modell für Hemicellulose Polysaccharide entwickelt und getestet. Unter Verwendung dieses Modells werden Simulationen von kleinen Polysacchariden benutzt um die Wechselwirkungen mit Wasser, den Einfluss von Wasser auf die Konformationsfreiheit der Moleküle, und die Quellfähigkeit, quantifiziert durch den osmotischen Druck, zu verstehen. Es wird gezeigt, dass verzweigte und lineare Polysaccharide unterschiedliche Hydratisierungseingenschaften im Vergleich zu lineare Polysacchariden aufweisen. Um das Quellverhalten auf Längen- und Zeitskalen untersuchen zu können die über die Begrenzungen atomistischer Simulationen hinausgehen, wurde eine Prozedur entwickelt um übertragbare vergröberte Modelle herzuleiten. Die Übertragbarkeit der vegröberten Modelle wird gezeigt, sowohl über unterschiedliche Polysaccharidkonzentrationen als auch über unterschiedliche Polymerlängen. Daher erlaubt die Prozedur die Konstruktion von großen vergröberter Systemen ausgehend von kleinen atomistischen Referenzsystemen. Abschließend wird das vergröberte Modell verwendet um zu zeigen, dass lineare und verzweigte Polysaccharide ein unterschiedliches Quellverhalten aufweisen, wenn sie mit einem Wasserbad gekoppelt werden. N2 - In this Thesis, the properties of aqueous hemicellulose polysaccharides are investigated using computer simulations. The high swelling capacity of materials composed of these molecules allows the generation of directed motion in plant materials entirely controlled by water uptake. To explore the molecular origin of this swelling capacity, a computational model with atomistic resolution for hemicellulose polysaccharides is build and validated in comparison with experiments. Using this model, simulations of small polysaccharides are employed to gain an understanding of the interactions of these molecules with water, the influence of water on their conformational freedom, and the swelling capacity quantified in terms of osmotic pressure. It is revealed that the branched hemicellulose polysaccharides show different hydration characteristics compared to linear polysaccharides. To study swelling properties on length and time scales that exceed the limitations imposed by atomistic simulations, a procedure to obtain transferable coarse-grain models is developed. The transferability of the coarse-grain models over both different degrees of polymerization as well as different solute concentrations is demonstrated. Therefore, the procedure allows the construction of large coarse-grained systems based on small atomistic reference systems. Finally, the coarse-grain model is applied to demonstrate that linear and branched polysaccharides show a different swelling behavior when coupled to a water bath. Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Sas, Claudia T1 - Evolution of the selfing syndrome in the genus capsella BT - an investigation into floral UV absorption and scent emission Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Saleh, Eyad T1 - Securing Multi-tenant SaaS Environments N2 - Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) offers several advantages to both service providers and users. Service providers can benefit from the reduction of Total Cost of Ownership (TCO), better scalability, and better resource utilization. On the other hand, users can use the service anywhere and anytime, and minimize upfront investment by following the pay-as-you-go model. Despite the benefits of SaaS, users still have concerns about the security and privacy of their data. Due to the nature of SaaS and the Cloud in general, the data and the computation are beyond the users' control, and hence data security becomes a vital factor in this new paradigm. Furthermore, in multi-tenant SaaS applications, the tenants become more concerned about the confidentiality of their data since several tenants are co-located onto a shared infrastructure. To address those concerns, we start protecting the data from the provisioning process by controlling how tenants are being placed in the infrastructure. We present a resource allocation algorithm designed to minimize the risk of co-resident tenants called SecPlace. It enables the SaaS provider to control the resource (i.e., database instance) allocation process while taking into account the security of tenants as a requirement. Due to the design principles of the multi-tenancy model, tenants follow some degree of sharing on both application and infrastructure levels. Thus, strong security-isolation should be present. Therefore, we develop SignedQuery, a technique that prevents one tenant from accessing others' data. We use the Signing Concept to create a signature that is used to sign the tenant's request, then the server can verifies the signature and recognizes the requesting tenant, and hence ensures that the data to be accessed is belonging to the legitimate tenant. Finally, Data confidentiality remains a critical concern due to the fact that data in the Cloud is out of users' premises, and hence beyond their control. Cryptography is increasingly proposed as a potential approach to address such a challenge. Therefore, we present SecureDB, a system designed to run SQL-based applications over an encrypted database. SecureDB captures the schema design and analyzes it to understand the internal structure of the data (i.e., relationships between the tables and their attributes). Moreover, we determine the appropriate partialhomomorphic encryption scheme for each attribute where computation is possible even when the data is encrypted. To evaluate our work, we conduct extensive experiments with di↵erent settings. The main use case in our work is a popular open source HRM application, called OrangeHRM. The results show that our multi-layered approach is practical, provides enhanced security and isolation among tenants, and have a moderate complexity in terms of processing encrypted data. Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ruppert, Jan T1 - The Low-Mass Young Stellar Content in the Extended Environment of the Galactic Starburst Region NGC3603 Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ruiz-Martinez, Maria T1 - Characterisation and engineering of lignocellulolytic enzymes from the soil bacterium Sorangium cellulosum Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Rottstock, Tanja T1 - Effects of plant community diversity and composition on fungal pathogens in experimental grasslands Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Rieckh, Helene T1 - Hydropedological analysis of erosion-affected soils in a hummocky ground-moraine landscape - interactions of water flow, dissolved carbon and particle transport, grop growth, and pedogenesis Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Rezanezhad, Vahid T1 - Inversion of the 2004 M6.0 Parkfield Earthquake Coseismic Offsets by Partition Model Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Reinke, Julia T1 - The Role of Kallistatin in Energy Metabolism and Glucose Homeostasis in Mice Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Reinecke, Antje Adriana T1 - Impact of protein structure on the mechanics and assembly of mytilus byssal threads Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Reil, Daniela T1 - Puumala hantavirus dynamics in bank voles: identification of environmental correlates to predict human infection risk Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Reichel, Victoria Eleonore T1 - Biomedical applications and multifunctional nanostructures based on magnetite nanoparticles synthesized in presence of biological additives Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Reeg, Sandra T1 - Degradation of oxidized proteins by the proteasome - Involvement of chaperones and the ubiquitin-system Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Rackwitz, Jenny T1 - A novel approach to study low-energy electron-induced damage to DNA oligonucleotides BT - Influence of DNA sequence, topology and nucleobase modification Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Pratsch, Stephanie T1 - The Role of Aspirations in Negotiation T2 - Schriftenreihe zum Verhandlungsmanagement ; 4 N2 - Buyer-seller negotiations have significant impact on a company’s profitability, which makes practitioners aim at maximizing their performance. One lever for increasing bargaining performance is to pursue a clearly defined aspiration, i.e. one’s most desired outcome. In this context, the author explores the role of such aspirations in the three negotiation phases: preparation, bargaining, and striking a deal. She investigates determinants of aspirations, unintended consequences such as unethical bargaining behavior, and the consequences of overly ambitious aspirations. As a result, she does not only close existing gaps in negotiation research, but also derives valuable implications for practitioners Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-8300-9006-9 PB - Hamburg CY - Kovac ER - TY - THES A1 - Pirhayati, Mohammad T1 - Edge operators and boundary value problems Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Pilz, Sonja Keren T1 - Food and fear BT - metaphors of bodies and spaces in the stories of destruction T2 - Judentum - Christentum - Islam : interreligiöse Studien ; 14 Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-95650-140-1 PB - Ergon CY - Würzburg ER - TY - THES A1 - Peters, Arne T1 - Linguistic Change in Galway City English BT - A Variationist Sociolinguistic Study of (th) and (dh) in Urban Western Irish English T2 - Duisburger Arbeiten zur Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaft / Duisburg Papers on Research in Language and Culture ; 116 N2 - This volume is a novel approach to the corpus-based variationist sociolinguistic study of contemporary urban western Irish English. Based on qualitative data as well as on linguistic features extracted from the Corpus of Galway City Spoken English, this study approaches the major sociolinguistic characteristics of (th) and (dh) variability in Galway City English. It demonstrates the diverse local patterns of variability and change in the phonetic realisation of the dental fricatives and establishes a considerable degree of divergence from traditional accounts on Irish English. This volume suggests that the linguistic stratification of variants of (th) and (dh) in Galway correlates both with the social stratification of the city itself and with the stratification of speakers by social status, sex/gender and age group. Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-631-67178-8 PB - Lang CY - Frankfurt am Main ER - TY - THES A1 - Pellizzer, Tommaso T1 - A novel approach to identify plastidic factors for plastome genome incompatibility and evidence for the central involvement of the chloroplast in leaf shaping Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Orf, Isabel T1 - Photorespiratory metabolism in the cyanobacterial model Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 BT - a systems biology approach Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Onana Eloundou Epse Mbebi, Jeanne Marie T1 - Robustness and plasticity in chemical reaction networks Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Oliveira, Joana Santos Lapa T1 - Role of different ceramides on the nanostructure of Stratum Corneum models and the influence of selected penetration enhancers Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Niemeyer, Bastian T1 - Vegetation reconstruction and assessment of plant diversity at the treeline ecotone in northern Siberia Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Nicenboim, Bruno T1 - Dependency resolution as a retrieval process T1 - Dependenzauflösung als ein Gedächtnisabrufsprozess BT - experimental evidence and computational modeling BT - experimentelle Evidenz und komputationelle Modellierung N2 - My thesis focused on the predictions of the activation-based model of Lewis and Vasishth (2005) to investigate the evidence for the use of the memory system in the formation of non-local dependencies in sentence comprehension. The activation-based model, which follows the Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational framework (ACT-R; Anderson et al., 2004), has been used to explain locality effects and similarity-based interference by assuming that dependencies are resolved by a cue-based retrieval mechanism, and that the retrieval mechanism is affected by decay and interference. Both locality effects and (inhibitory) similarity-based interference cause increased difficulty (e.g., longer reading times) at the site of the dependency completion where a retrieval is assumed: (I) Locality effects are attributed to the increased difficulty in the retrieval of a dependent when the distance from its retrieval site is increased. (II) Similarity-based interference is attributed to the retrieval being affected by the presence of items which have similar features as the dependent that needs to be retrieved. In this dissertation, I investigated some findings problematic to the activation-based model, namely, facilitation where locality effects are expected (e.g., Levy, 2008), and the lack of similarity-based interference from the number feature in grammatical sentences (e.g., Wagers et al., 2009). In addition, I used individual differences in working memory capacity and reading fluency as a way to validate the theories investigated (Underwood, 1975), and computational modeling to achieve a more precise account of the phenomena. Regarding locality effects, by using self-paced reading and eye-tracking-while reading methods with Spanish and German data, this dissertation yielded two main findings: (I) Locality effects seem to be modulated by working memory capacity, with high-capacity participants showing expectation-driven facilitation. (II) Once expectations and other potential confounds are controlled using baselines, with increased distance, high-capacity readers can show a slow-down (i.e., locality effects) and low-capacity readers can show a speedup. While the locality effects are compatible with the activation-based model, simulations show that the speedup of low-capacity readers can only be accounted for by changing some of the assumptions of the activation-based model. Regarding similarity-based interference, two relatively high-powered self-paced reading experiments in German using grammatical sentences yielded a slowdown at the verb as predicted by the activation-based model. This provides evidence in favor of dependency creation via cue-based retrieval, and in contrast with the view that cue-based retrieval is a reanalysis mechanism (Wagers et al., 2009). Finally, the same experimental results that showed inhibitory interference from the number feature are used for a finer grain evaluation of the retrieval process. Besides Lewis and Vasishth’s (2005) activation-based model, also McElree’s (2000) direct-access model can account for inhibitory interference. These two models assume a cue-based retrieval mechanism to build dependencies, but they are based on different assumptions. I present a computational evaluation of the predictions of these two theories of retrieval. The models were compared by implementing them in a Bayesian hierarchical framework. The evaluation of the models reveals that some aspects of the data fit better under the direct access model than under the activation-based model. However, a simple extension of the activation-based model provides a comparable fit to the direct access model. This serves as a proof of concept showing potential ways to improve the original activation-based model. In conclusion, this thesis adds to the body of evidence that argues for the use of the general memory system in dependency resolution, and in particular for a cue-based retrieval mechanism. However, it also shows that some of the default assumptions inherited from ACT-R in the activation-based model need to be revised. N2 - Die vorliegende Dissertation befasst sich mit dem Aktivierungsmodell von Lewis und Vasishth (2005) um die Evidenz für die Verwendung des Arbeitsgedächtnisses bei der Bildung nicht-lokaler Dependenzen in der menschlichen Satzverarbeitung zu untersuchen. Das Aktivierungsmodell, welches auf der ‘Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational’ (ACT-R; Anderson et al., 2004) aufbaut, wird in der Literatur herangezogen, um Lokalitätseffekte und Interferenz durch Ähnlichkeit mit einem von Interferenz und Gedächtnisverfall betroffenen merkmalsbasierten Gedächtnisabrufmechanismus zu erklären. Sowohl Lokalitätseffekte als auch (inhibitorische) Interferenz durch Ähnlichkeit führen zu einer erhöhten Verarbeitungsschwierigkeit (z.B. längere Lesezeiten) an der Stelle, wo die Dependenz gebildet wird und daher ein Gedächtnisabruf anzunehmen ist: (I) Lokalitätseffekte werden durch die erhöhte Schwierigkeit erklärt, die mit dem Abruf des ersten Teils einer Dependenz einhergeht, wenn dessen Distanz zu der Stelle, die den Gedächtnisabruf auslöst (d.h. der zweite Teil der Dependenz), vergrößert wird. (II) Interferenz durch Ähnlichkeit wird dadurch erklärt, dass der Gedächtnisabruf von der Anwesenheit von Elementen mit denselben Merkmalen wie die des abzurufenden Teils der Dependenz beeinträchtigt wird. In dieser Dissertation untersuche ich einige Erkenntnisse, die das Aktivierungsmodell herausfordern, namentlich fazilitatorische Effekte an Stellen, wo Lokalitätseffekte zu erwarten wären (z.B. Levy, 2008), sowie die Abwesenheit von Interferenz durch Ähnlichkeit in Experimenten, die den Numerus manipulieren (z.B. Wagers et al., 2009). Des Weiteren verwende ich Messwerte der individuellen Unterschiede in der Arbeitsgedächtnisleistung und in der Leseflüssigkeit um die untersuchten Theorien zu validieren, und komputationale Modellierung um ein genaueres Bild der untersuchten Phänomene zu zeichnen zu können. Was die Lokalitätseffekte angeht, so werden in dieser Dissertation hauptsächlich zwei Erkenntnisse vorgestellt, die auf mit Selbst-gesteuertem-Lesen und Eyetracking erhobenen Daten zum Spanischen und Deutschen basieren. (I) Lokalitätseffekte scheinen von der Arbeitsgedächtniskapazität moduliert zu werden: Probanden mit hoher Arbeitsgedächtniskapazität zeigen erwartungsgesteuerte fazilitatorische Effekte. (II) Wenn Erwartungen und andere potentielle Störvariablen durch geeignete Baselines kontrolliert werden, können bei Probanden mit starkem Arbeitsgedächtnis verlangsamte Lesezeiten (d. h., Lokalitätseffekte) und bei Probanden mit schwachem Arbeitsgedächtnis verkürzte Lesezeiten beobachtet werden. Während Lokalitätseffekte mit dem Aktivierungsmodell vereinbar sind, zeigen Simulationen, dass die fazilitatorischen Effekte der Probanden mit schwächerem Arbeitsgedächtnis nur dann von dem Aktivierungsmodell erklärt werden können, wenn einige der Modellannahmen geändert werden. Was Interferenz durch Ähnlichkeit angeht, so werden in dieser Dissertation zwei Experimente mit Selbst-gesteuertem-Lesen zum Deutschen vorgestellt, die eine relativ hohe statistische Teststärke haben. Grammatische Sätze führen hier zu verlangsamten Lesezeiten am Verb, wie es das Aktivierungsmodell vorhersagt. Diese Ergebnisse sind Evidenz für die Bildung von Dependenzen mittels merkmalsbasiertem Gedächtnisabruf und können nicht durch einen wie von Wagers et al. (2009) vorgeschlagenen Reanalysemechanismus erklärt werden. Letztendlich werden dieselben empirischen Daten, die durch den Numerus ausgelöste inhibitorische Interferenz zeigen, für eine detailliertere, simulationsbasierte Betrachtung des Gedächtnisabrufprozesses verwendet. Neben dem Aktivierungsmodell von Lewis und Vasishth (2005) kann auch das Modell eines direkten Gedächtniszugriffs von McElree (2000) die inhibitorische Interferenz erklären. Beide Modelle nehmen für die Bildung von Dependenzen einen merkmalsbasierten Gedächtniszugriffsmechanismus an, aber sie fußen auf unterschiedlichen Annahmen. Ich stelle eine komputationale Evaluation der Vorhersagen dieser beiden Gedächtniszugriffsmodelle vor. Um die beiden Modelle zu vergleichen, werden sie als Bayessche hierarchische Modelle implementiert. Die Evaluation der Modelle zeigt, dass einige Aspekte der empirischen Daten besser von McElrees Modell als von Lewis’ und Vasishths Modell erklärt werden. Eine einfache Erweiterung des Aktivierungsmodells erklärt die Daten jedoch ähnlich gut wie McElrees Modell. Kurz, diese Dissertation liefert weitere Evidenz für die These, dass das allgemeine Gedächtnissystem — und ein merkmalsbasierter Abrufmechanismus im Besonderen — beim Bilden linguistischer Dependenzen Anwendung findet. Es wird jedoch auch gezeigt, dass einige der Standardannahmen, die das Aktivierungsmodell von der ACT-R-Architektur geerbt hat, überdacht und angepasst werden müssen. KW - linguistics KW - working memory KW - computational modeling KW - Sprachwissenschaft KW - Arbeitsgedächtniss KW - komputationale Modellierung Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Müller, Stephan Heinz T1 - Aggregates Caching for Enterprise Applications N2 - The introduction of columnar in-memory databases, along with hardware evolution, has made the execution of transactional and analytical enterprise application workloads on a single system both feasible and viable. Yet, we argue that executing analytical aggregate queries directly on the transactional data can decrease the overall system performance. Despite the aggregation capabilities of columnar in-memory databases, the direct access to records of a materialized aggregate is always more efficient than aggregating on the fly. The traditional approach to materialized aggregates, however, introduces significant overhead in terms of materialized view selection, maintenance, and exploitation. When this overhead is handled by the application, it increases the application complexity, and can slow down the transactional throughput of inserts, updates, and deletes. In this thesis, we motivate, propose, and evaluate the aggregate cache, a materialized aggregate engine in the main-delta architecture of a columnar in-memory database that provides efficient means to handle costly aggregate queries of enterprise applications. For our design, we leverage the specifics of the main-delta architecture that separates a table into a main and delta partition. The central concept is to only cache the partial aggregate query result as defined on the main partition of a table, because the main partition is relatively stable as records are only inserted into the delta partition. We contribute by proposing incremental aggregate maintenance and query compensation techniques for mixed workloads of enterprise applications. In addition, we introduce aggregate profit metrics that increase the likelihood of persisting the most profitable aggregates in the aggregate cache. Query compensation and maintenance of materialized aggregates based on joins of multiple tables is expensive due to the partitioned tables in the main-delta architecture. Our analysis of enterprise applications has revealed several data schema and workload patterns. This includes the observation that transactional data is persisted in header and item tables, whereas in many cases, the insertion of related header and item records is executed in a single database transaction. We contribute by proposing an approach to transport these application object semantics to the database system and optimize the query processing using the aggregate cache by applying partition pruning and predicate pushdown techniques. For the experimental evaluation, we propose the FICO benchmark that is based on data from a productive ERP system with extracted mixed workloads. Our evaluation reveals that the aggregate cache can accelerate the execution of aggregate queries up to a factor of 60 whereas the speedup highly depends on the number of aggregated records in the main and delta partitions. In mixed workloads, the proposed aggregate maintenance and query compensation techniques perform up to an order of magnitude better than traditional materialized aggregate maintenance approaches. The introduced aggregate profit metrics outperform existing costbased metrics by up to 20%. Lastly, the join pruning and predicate pushdown techniques can accelerate query execution in the aggregate cache in the presence of multiple partitioned tables by up to an order of magnitude. Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Molkenthin, Christian T1 - Sensitivity analysis in seismic Hazard assessment using algorithmic differentiation Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Mengin, Virginie T1 - Role of the clock in the regulation of growth and metabolism in stable and fluctuating environmental conditions Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Marx, Robert T1 - A quantitative model of spatial correlations in parametric down conversion for investigating complementarity at a double slit Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Löwenberg, Candy T1 - Shape-memory effect of gelatin-based hydrogels Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Lutz, Johannes T1 - Reducing anger and aggession through eliciting incompatible emotions BT - an affective-motivational approach to situated anger and aggression control Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Lehmann, Jascha In-su T1 - Changes in extratropical storm track activity and their implications for extreme weather events Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Küttner, Uwe-Alexander T1 - That-initial turns in English conversation BT - an interactional linguistic investigation of two formats for designedly tying a current turn to a prior Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Krüsemann, Henning T1 - First passage phenomena and single-file motion in ageing continuous time random walks and quenched energy landscapes N2 - In der Physik gibt es viele Prozesse, die auf Grund ihrer Komplexität nicht durch physikalische Gleichungen beschrieben werden können, beispielsweise die Bewegung eines Staubkorns in der Luft. Durch die vielen Stöße mit Luftmolekülen führt es eine Zufallsbewegung aus, die so genannte Diffusion. Auch Moleküle in biologischen Zellen diffundieren, jedoch befinden sich in einer solchen Zelle im selben Volumen viel mehr oder viel größere Moleküle. Das beobachtete Teilchen stößt dementsprechend öfter mit anderen zusammen und die Diffusion wird langsamer, sie wird subdiffusiv. Mit der Zeit kann sich die Charakteristik der Subdiffusion ändern; dies wird als (mikroskopisches) Altern bezeichnet. Ich untersuche in der vorliegenden Arbeit zwei mathematische Modelle für eindimensionale Subdiffusion, einmal den continuous time random walk (CTRW) und einmal die Zufallsbewegung in einer eingefrorenen Energielandschaft (QEL=quenched energy landscape). Beide sind Sprungprozesse, das heißt, sie sind Abfolgen von räumlichen Sprüngen, die durch zufallsverteilte Wartezeiten getrennt sind. Die Wartezeiten in der QEL sind räumlich korrelliert, während sie im CTRW unkorrelliert sind. Ich untersuche in der vorliegenden Arbeit verschiedene statistische Größen in beiden Modellen. Zunächst untersuche ich den Einfluss des Alters und den Einfluss der Korrellationen einer QEL auf die Verteilung der Zeiten, die das diffundierendes Teilchen benötigt, um eine (räumliche) Schwelle zu überqueren. Ausserdem bestimme ich den Effekt des Alters auf Ströme von (sub)diffundierenden Partikeln, die sich auf eine absorbierende Barriere zubewegen. Zuletzt beschäftige ich mich mit der Diffusion einer eindimensionalen Anordnung von Teilchen in einer QEL, in der diese als harte Kugeln miteinander wechselwirken. Dabei vergleiche ich die gemeinsame Bewegung in einer QEL und als individuelle CTRWs miteinander über die Standartabweichung von der Startposition, für die ich das Mittel über mehrere QELs untersuche. Meine Arbeit setzt sich zusammen aus theoretischen Überlegungen und Berechnungen sowie der Simulation der Zufallsprozesse. Die Ergebnisse der Simulation und, soweit vorhanden, experimentelle Daten werden mit der Theorie verglichen. N2 - In the first part of my work I have investigated the ageing properties of the first passage time distributions in a one-dimensional subdiffusive continuous time random walk with power law distributed waiting times of the form $\psi(\tau) \sim \tau^{-1-\alpha}$ with $0<\alpha<1$ and $1<\alpha<2$. The age or ageing time $t_a$ is the time span from the start of the stochastic process to the start of the observation of this process (at $t=0$). I have calculated the results for a single target and two targets, also including the biased case, where the walker is driven towards the boundary by a constant force. I have furthermore refined the previously derived results for the non-ageing case and investigated the changes that occur when the walk is performed in a discrete quenched energy landscape, where the waiting times are fixed for every site. The results include the exact Laplace space densities and infinite (converging) series as exact results in the time space. The main results are the dominating long time power law behavior regimes, which depend on the ageing time. For the case of unbiased subdiffusion ($\alpha < 1$) in the presence of one target, I find three different dominant terms for ranges of $t$ separated by $t_a$ and another crossover time $t^{\star}$, which depends on $t_a$ as well as on the anomalous exponent $\alpha$ and the anomalous diffusion coefficient $K_{\alpha}$. In all three regimes ($t \ll t_a$, $t_a \ll t \ll t^{\star}$, $t \gg t^{\star}$) one finds power law decay with exponents depending on $\alpha$. The middle regime only exists for $t_a \ll t^{\star}$. The dominant terms in the first two regimes (ageing regimes) come from the probability distribution of the forward waiting time, the time one has to wait for the stochastic process to make the first step during the observation. When the observation time is larger than the second crossover time $t^{\star}$, the first passage time density does not show ageing and the non-ageing first passage time dominates. The power law exponents in the respective regimes are $-\alpha$ for strong ageing, $-1-\alpha$ in the intermediate regime, and $-1-\alpha/2$ in the final non-ageing regime. A similar split into three regimes can be found for $1<\alpha<2$, only with a different second crossover time $t^*$. In this regime the diffusion is normal but also age-dependent. For the diffusion in quenched energy landscapes one cannot detect ageing. The first passage time density shows a quenched power law $^\sim t^{-(1+2\alpha)/(1+\alpha)}$. For diffusion between two target sites and the biased diffusion towards a target only two scaling regimes emerge, separated by the ageing time. In the ageing case $t \ll t_a$ the forward waiting time is again dominant with power law exponent $-\alpha$, while the non-ageing power law $-1-\alpha$ is found for all times $t \gg t_a$. An intermediate regime does not exist. The bias and the confinement have similar effects on the first passage time density. For quenched diffusion, the biased case is interesting, as the bias reduces correlations due to revisiting of the same waiting time. As a result, CTRW like behavior is observed, including ageing. Extensive computer simulations support my findings. The second part of my research was done on the subject of ageing Scher-Montroll transport, which is in parts closely related to the first passage densities. It explains the electrical current in an amorphous material. I have investigated the effect of the width of a given initial distribution of charge carriers on the transport coefficients as well as the ageing effect on the emerging power law regimes and a constant initial regime. While a spread out initial distribution has only little impact on the Scher-Montroll current, ageing alters the behavior drastically. Instead of the two classical power laws one finds four current regimes, up to three of which can appear in a single experiment. The dominant power laws differ for $t \ll t_a, t_c$, $t_a \ll t \ll t_c$, $t_c \ll t \ll t_a$, and $t \gg t_a,t_c$. Here, $t_c$ is the crossover time of the non-aged Scher-Montroll current. For strongly aged systems one can observe a constant current in the first regime while the others are dominated by decaying power laws with exponents $\alpha -1$, $-\alpha$, and $-1-\alpha$. The ageing regimes are the 1st and 3rd one, while the classical regimes are the 2nd and the 4th. I have verified the theory using numerical integration of the exact integrals and applied the new results to experimental data. In the third part I considered a single file of subdiffusing particles in an energy landscape. Every occupied site of the landscape acts as a boundary, from which a particle is immediately reflected to its previous site, if it tries to jump there. I have analysed the effects single-file diffusion a quenched landscape compared to an annealed landscape and I have related these results to the number of steps and related quantities. The diffusion changes from ultraslow logarithmic diffusion in the annealed or CTRW case to subdiffusion with an anomalous exponent $\alpha/(1+\alpha)$ in the quenched landscape. The behavior is caused by the forward waiting time, which changes drastically from the quenched to the annealed case. Single-file effects in the quenched landscape are even more complicated to consider in the ensemble average, since the diffusion in individual landscapes shows extremely diverse behavior. Extensive simulations support my theoretical arguments, which consider mainly the long time evolution of the mean square displacement of a bulk particle. KW - continuous time random walk KW - quenched energy landscape KW - first passage time KW - Scher-Montroll transport KW - single-file motion KW - Zufallsbewegung KW - Diffusion KW - eingefrorene Energielandschaft KW - Scher-Montroll Transport KW - Wartezeitverteilung Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kovach, Ildiko T1 - Development, characterization of Janus emulsions, and their usage as a template phase for fabricating biopolymer scaffolds Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Korkuć, Paula T1 - Spatial investigations of protein structures with regard to compound binding and post-translational modifications Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kloß, Lena T1 - The link between genetic diversity and species diversity BT - patterns and processes in plants of agriculturally managed grassland Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Klauschies, Toni T1 - Revealing causes and consequences of functional diversity using trait-based models Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kamitz, Anne T1 - Identification and positional cloning of Ltg/NZO; a novel susceptibility locus associated with fatty liver disease Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kalbe, Johannes T1 - Stepping stones hominin dispersal out of Africa BT - pleistocene lakes and wetlands in the Levant Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Jöst, Jan Moritz Michael T1 - Broad leaves, narrow leaves or no leaves at all - a genetic and phenotypic dissection of barley leaf size mutants Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Jäger, Susanne T1 - Genetic variants and metabolic pathways of type 2 diabetes within the EPIC-Potsdam study Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hoffmann, Stefan T1 - In vivo Selection of Switchable DNA-Binding Proteins Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hofferek, Vinzenz T1 - Starvation response of Drosophila melanogaster BT - a Lipidomic Approach Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Heinze, Johannes T1 - The impact of soil microbiota on plant species performance and diversity in semi-natural grasslands Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Heinle, Karolin T1 - Identifizierung von Kohlenhydratbindungsstellen in β-Helix-Proteinen Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hannemann, Katrin T1 - Seismological investigation of the oceanic crust und upper mantle using an ocean bottom station array in the vicinity of the Gloria fault (easter mid Atlantic) Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hanke-Gogokhia, Christin T1 - Small GTPase ARL3-GTP is key molecule in transition zone formation and trafficking of ciliary cargo in mouse photoreceptors Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hallahan, Nicole T1 - Identification and characterization of a T2D QTL arising from an NZO.DBA mouse cross Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Geyer, Juliane T1 - Adapting biodiversity conservation management to climate change Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Frieß, Fabian T1 - Shape-memory polymer micronetworks Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Friese, Viviane A. T1 - Solvato-, vapo, mechanochromic and luminescent behavior of Rhodium, Platinum and Gold complexes and their coordination polymers Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Fiedler, Dorothea T1 - Impact of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen on Freshwater Phytoplankton N2 - In freshwater sciences, nitrogen gained increasing attention in the past as an important resource potentially influencing phytoplankton growth and thus eutrophication. Most studies and all management approaches, however, are still restricted to dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN = nitrate + nitrite + ammonium) since dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) was considered to be refractory for most of the photoautotrophs. In the meantime this assumption has been disproved for all aquatic systems. While research on DON in marine ecosystems substantially increased, in freshwater a surprisingly small number of investigations has been carried out on DON utilization by phytoplankton or even the occurrence and seasonal development of total DON or its compounds in lakes. Therefore, our present knowledge on DON utilization by phytoplankton is often based on single species experiments using a sole, usually low molecular weight DON component, often in unnaturally high amounts mainly carried out with marine phytoplankton species. Thus, we know that some phytoplankton species can take up different DON fractions if they are available in high concentrations and as sole nitrogen source. This does not necessarily imply that phytoplankton would perform likewise in natural environments. In addition, it will be difficult to draw conclusions on the behavior of freshwater phytoplankton from experiments with marine phytoplankton since the nutrient regime in marine environments differs from that of freshwater. In the light of the parallel availability of inorganic and organic nitrogen species in natural freshwater ecosystems, several questions must be raised: "If inorganic nitrogen is available, would phytoplankton really rely on an organic nitrogen source? Could a connection be detected between the seasonal development of DON and changes in the phytoplankton community composition as found for inorganic nitrogen? And if we reduce the input of inorganic nitrogen in lakes and rivers would the importance of DON as nitrogen source for phytoplankton increase, counteracting all management efforts or even leading to undesired effects due to changes in phytoplankton physiology and biodiversity?" I experimentally addressed the questions whether those DON compounds differentially influence growth, physiology and composition of phytoplankton both as sole available nitrogen source and in combination with other nitrogen compounds. I hypothesized that all offered DON - compounds (urea, natural organic matter (NOM), dissolved free and combined amino acids (DFAA, DCAA)) could be utilized by phytoplankton at natural concentrations. However, I assumed that the availability would decrease with increasing compound complexity. I furthermore hypothesized that the occurrence of low DIN concentrations would not affect the utilization of DON negatively. The nitrogen source, whatsoever, would have an impact on phytoplankton physiology as well as community composition. To investigate these questions and assumptions I conducted bioassays with algae monocultures as well as phytoplankton communities testing the utilization of various DON compounds by several freshwater phytoplankton species. Especially the potential utilization of NOM, a complex DON compound mainly consisting of humic substances is of interest, since it is usually regarded to be refractory. In order to be able to use natural concentrations of DON - compounds for my experiments the concentration of total DON and some DON - compounds (urea, humic substances, heigh molecular weight substances) was assessed in Lake Müggelsee. All compounds were able to support algae growth in the low natural concentrations supplied. However, I found that the offered DON compounds differ in their availability to various algae species, both, as sole nitrogen source or in combination with low DIN concentrations. As expected, the availability decreased with increasing complexity of the nitrogen compound. Furthermore, I could show that changes in algal physiology (nitrogen storage, metabolism) occur depending on the utilized nitrogen source. Especially the secondary photosynthetic pigment composition, heterocyst frequency and C:N - ratio of the algae were affected. The uptake and usage of certain nitrogen compounds might be more costly, potentially resulting in those physiology changes. Whereas laboratory experiments with single species revealed strong effects of DON, algal responses to DON in a multi-species situation remain unclear. Experiments with phytoplankton communities from Lake Müggelsee revealed that the nitrogen pool composition does influence the phytoplankton community structure. The findings furthermore show that several species combined might utilize the supplied nitrogen completely different than monocultures in the laboratory. Thus, besides the actual ability of algae to use the offered nitrogen sources other factors, such as interspecific competition, may be of importance. I further investigated, if the results of the laboratory experiments, can be verified in the field. Here, I surveyed the seasonal development of several dissolved organic matter (DOM) components (urea, high molecular weight substances (HMWS), humic substances (HS)) and associated parameters (Specific UV-absorption (SUVA), C:N - ratio) in Lake Müggelsee between 2011 and 2013. Furthermore, data from the long term measurements series of Lake Müggelsee such as physical (temperature, light, pH, O2) and chemical parameters (nitrogen, phosphorous, silica, inorganic carbon), zooplankton and phytoplankton data were used to investigate how much of the variability of the phytoplankton composition in Lake Müggelsee can be explained by DON/DOM concentration and composition, relative to the other groups of explanatory variables. The results show that DON mainly consists of rather complex compounds such as humic substances and biopolymers (80 %) and that only slight seasonal trends are detectable. Using variance partitioning I could show, that the usually investigated nutrients (DIN, silica, inorganic carbon, phosphorous) and abiotic factors together explain most of the algae composition as was to be expected (57.1 % of modeled variance). However, DOM and the associated parameters uniquely explain 10.3 % of the variance and thus slightly more than zooplankton with 9.3 %. I could therefore prove, that the composition of DOM (nitrogen and carbon) is connected to the algae composition in an eutrophic lake such as Lake Müggelsee. DON - compounds such as urea, however, could not be correlated with the occurrence of specific phytoplankton species. Overall, the results of this study imply that DON can be a valuable nitrogen source for freshwater phytoplankton. DON is used by various species even when DIN is available in low concentrations. Through the reduction of DIN in lakes and rivers, the DON:DIN ratio might be changed, resulting even in an increased importance of DON as phytoplankton nitrogen source. My work suggests that not only N2-fixation but also DON utilization might compensate for reduced N - input. Changes from DIN to DON as main nitrogen source might also promote certain, potentially undesired algae species and influence the biodiversity of a limnic ecosystem through changes in the phytoplankton community structure. Thus, DON, especially urea, should be included in calculations concerning total available nitrogen and when determining nitrogen threshold values. Furthermore, the input-reduction of DON, for example from waste-water treatment plants should also be evaluated and the results of my thesis should find consideration when planning to reduce the nitrogen input in freshwater. N2 - Das Interesse an Stickstoff als potentielle Einflußgröße auf das Phytoplanktonwachstum und damit auch als Eutrophierungsfaktor hat in der Vergangenheit in der Limnologie stark zugenommen. Bisher ging man davon aus, das gelöster organischer Stickstoff (DON) für photoautotrophe Organismen refraktär, also nicht nutzbar ist. Dies führte dazu, dass der Großteil an Studien und Managementmaÿnahmen nur gelösten inorganischen Stickstoff (DIN = Nitrat + Nitrit + Ammonium) einbezieht. Mittlerweile wurde allerdings für alle aquatischen Systeme nachgewiesen, dass DON durchaus für Organismen verfügbar sein kann. Während die Forschung im marinen Bereich stark zugenommen hat, wurden in Binnengewässern nur sehr wenige Untersuchungen zur DON - Nutzung durch Phytoplankton oder auch nur das Vorkommen und die saisonale Entwicklung von DON oder seiner Komponenten durchgeführt. Dies resultiert darin, dass sich unser heutiges Wissen zur DON - Nutzung durch Pytoplankton hauptsächlich auf Experimente stützt, die mit einzelnen, überwiegend marinen Phytoplanktonarten und einer, üblicherweise niedermolekularen DON - Komponente in meist unnatürlich hohen Konzentrationen durchgeführt wurden. Demzufolge wissen wir nur, dass es einige Phytoplanktonarten gibt, die verschiedene DON - Fraktionen aufnehmen können, wenn sie in hohen Konzentrationen und als alleinige Stickstoffquelle vorliegen. Diese Ergebnisse spiegeln nicht das tatsächliche Verhalten von Phytoplankton in seiner natürlichen Umgebung wieder. Zudem ist es schwierig, von Experimenten mit marinen Phytoplanktonarten auf das Verhalten limnischer Phytoplankter zu schließen, da sich der Nährstoffhaushalt in marinen Systemen von dem in Binnengewässern stark unterscheidet. Im Hinblick auf die parallele Verfügbarkeit von inorganischem und organischem Stickstoff in natürlichen Binnengewässern stellen sich eine Vielzahl von Fragen: "Wie stark DON als Stickstoffquelle durch Phytoplankton genutzt wird, wenn auch inorganischer Stickstoff zur Verfügung steht. Gibt es eventuell eine Verbindung zwischen der saisonalen Entwicklung von DON und Änderungen in der Zusammensetzung der Phytoplanktongemeinschaft wie man es auch für inorganischen Stickstoff sowie andere biotische und abiotische Faktoren findet? Es ist bisher auch ungeklärt, ob durch eine Reduktion des Eintrags von inorganischem Stickstoff die Bedeutung von DON als Stickstoffquelle für Phytoplankton zunimmt. Würde so eventuell den Managmentmaßnahmen entgegengewirkt oder käme es zu ungewünschten Effekten durch Änderungen in Phytoplanktonphysiologie und Biodiversität?" Im Verlauf meiner Doktorarbeit habe ich mich mit einem Teil dieser offenen Fragen auseinandergesetzt. Meine Experimente dienten dazu herauszufinden, inwieweit sich verschiedene DON -Komponenten auf Wachstum, Physiologie und die Phytoplanktonzusammensetzung auswirken, wenn sie als einzige verfügbare Stickstoffquelle aber auch in Kombination mit anderen Stickstoffkomponenten zur Verfügung stehen. Hierbei stehen folgende Hypothesen und Annahmen im Vordergrund: a) alle angebotenen DON - Komponenten (Harnstoff, gelöste freie Aminosäuren (DFAA), gelöste gebundene Aminosäuren (DCAA) und natürliches organisches Material (NOM)) können in natürlicher Konzentration von Phytoplankton genutzt werden, b) die Verfügbarkeit nimmt mit zunehmender Komplexität des DON ab, c) geringe DIN - Konzentrationen haben keinen negativen Einfluss auf die Nutzung von DON durch das Phytoplankton, d) die Stickstoffquelle beeinflusst Phytoplanktonphysiologie sowie die Zusammensetzung der Phytoplanktongemeinschaft. Um mehr Informationen zur DON - Verfügbarkeit für Süßwasserphytoplankton zu erhalten, wurde zunächst die Nutzung verschiedener DON - Komponenten durch verschiedene Phytoplanktonspezies aus Binnengewässern sowie Phytoplanktongemeinschaften untersucht. Besonders die mögliche Nutzung von NOM, einer komplexen, hauptsächlich aus Huminstoffen bestehenden DON - Komponente war von Interesse, da sie überwiegend als refraktär eingeschätzt wird. Um die Verfügbarkeit diverser DON - Komponenten in natürlicher Konzentration zu testen, wurde zunächst die Konzentration von Gesamt - DON sowie einiger DON -Komponenten (Harnstoff, Huminstoffe, hochmolekulare Substanzen) im Müggelsee ermittelt. Alle DON - Komponenten ermöglichten ein Algenwachstum in der niedrigen natürlichen Konzentration, in der sie zur Verfügung gestellt wurden. Es konnte festgestellt werden, dass sich die unterschiedlichen DON - Komponenten in ihrer Verfügbarkeit für verschiedene Algenarten unterschieden, unabhängig davon, ob sie als alleinige Stickstoffquelle vorlagen oder in Kombination mit DIN in niedriger Konzentration. Wie erwartet nahm die Algenverfügbarkeit mit zunehmender Komplexität der Stickstoffkomponenten ab. Desweiteren konnte gezeigt werden, dass die verwendete Stickstoffquelle zu Änderungen in der Algenphysiologie (Metabolismus, Stickstoffspeicherung) führen kann. Vor allem die Zusammensetzung sekundärer Photosynthesepigmente, die Heterocystenhäufigkeit sowie das C:N - Verhältnis des Phytoplankton wurden beeinflusst. Auch wenn alle untersuchten Stickstoffquellen das Phytoplanktonwachstum ermöglichen, ist die Nutzung einiger Komponenten gegebenenfalls mit höheren Kosten z.B. für Transport, Aufschluß etc. verbunden, was wiederum in einer Änderungen der Phytoplanktonphysiologie resultieren kann. Während Experimente mit einzelnen Phytoplanktonarten im Labor starke Effekte von DON erkennen lassen, sind die Ergebnisse der Multi-Spezies-Versuche weniger eindeutig interpretierbar. Versuche mit Phytoplanktongemeinschaften aus dem Müggelsee zeigten, dass die Zusammensetzung des Stickstoffpools Auswirkungen auf die Struktur der Phytoplanktongemenschaft hat. Zudem nutzen verschiedene Arten zusammen den zur Verfügung gestellten Stickstoff anders, als Monokulturen im Labor. Demzufolge spielen neben der eigentlichen Fähigkeit der Algen, verschiedene Stickstoffkomponenten nutzen zu können noch andere Faktoren wie z.B. interspezifische Konkurrenz eine Rolle für die tatsächliche Nutzung im Gewässer. Im weiteren Teil meiner Doktorarbeit habe ich untersucht, inwieweit die Ergebnisse der Laborversuche im Feld verifiziert werden können. Dafür wurde die saisonale Entwicklung verschiedenen gelösten organischen Materials (DOM) (Harnstoff, hochmolekulare Substanzen (HMWS), Huminstoffe (HS)) und weitere assoziierte Parameter (spezifische UV-Absorption (SUVA), C:N - Verhältnis) im Müggelsee von 2011-2013 bestimmt. Desweiteren wurden Daten aus der Langzeitmessung vom Müggelsee verwendet, um herauszufinden, wieviel der Variabilität in der Phytoplanktonzusammensetzung im Müggelsee durch die DON / DOM Konzentration und Zusammensetzung erklärt werden, im Verhältnis zu den anderen potentiellen Einflussfaktoren. Hierzu zählen physikalische (Temperatur, Licht, pH, O2) und chemische Parameter (Stickstoff, Phosphor, Silikat, inorganischer Kohlenstoff), Zooplankton- und Phytoplanktondaten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich DON hauptächlich aus komplexen Komponenten wie Huminstoffen und Biopolymeren (80 %) zusammensetzt und das nur ein geringer saisonaler Trend in der DON-Entwicklung festzustellen ist. Mittels Varianzpartitionierung konnte gezeigt werden, dass die üblicherweise untersuchten Nährstoffe (DIN, Silikat, inorganischer Kohlenstoff, Phosphor) und abiotische Faktoren zusammen den Großteil der Algenzusammensetzung erklären, wie zu erwarten war (57.1 %). DOM und die damit assoziierten Parameter konnten allein 10.3% der Varianz erklären und damit etwas mehr als Zooplankton, eine anerkannte Einflußgröße, mit 9.3%. Damit konnte gezeigt werden, dass auch die DOM - Zusammensetzung (Stickstoff und Kohlenstoff) als Einflussgröße der Algenzusammensetzung in einem eutrophen See wie dem Müggelsee berücksichtigt werden sollte. Zusammenfassend zeigen die Ergebnisse dieser Doktorarbeit, dass DON eine wichtige Stickstoffquelle für Phytoplankton aus Binnengewässern sein kann und von zahlreichen Arten genutzt wird, auch wenn DIN, zumindest in niedrigen Konzentrationen, verfügbar ist. Durch die Reduktion von DIN in Seen und Flüssen könnte es zu einer Änderung des DON / DIN - Verhältnisses kommen, was zu einer noch stärkeren Bedeutung von DON als Stickstoffquelle für Phytoplankton führen kann. Meine Arbeit legt nahe, dass nicht nur die N2 - Fixierung, sondern auch die Nutzung von DON eine Reduktion des Stickstoffeintrags kompensieren könnte. Ein Wechsel von DIN zu DON als Hauptstickstoffquelle für Phytoplankton fördert möglicherweise auch bestimmte unerwünschte Algenarten und beeinflusst die Biodiversität der Binnengewässer durch Änderungen in der Phytoplanktongemeinschaft. Aus diesen Gründen sollte DON, vor allem Harnstoff in Kalkulationen des gesamtverfögbaren Stickstoffs sowie bei der Ermittlung von Stickstoffgrenzwerten einbezogen werden. Bei der Planung von Maßnahmen zur Reduktion des Stickstoffeintrages in Binnengewässer zur Verbesserung der Wasserqualtät sollten die Ergebnisse dieser Doktorarbeit demzufolge in Betracht gezogen und auch eine Reduktion des DON - Eintrages, z. B. aus Klärwerken, erwogen werden. KW - DON KW - phytoplankton KW - natural organic matter KW - LC-OCD-OND Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Fengler, Anja T1 - How the brain attunes to sentence processing BT - relating behavior, structure, and function T2 - MPI series in human cognitive and brain sciences ; 174 N2 - While children acquire new words and simple sentence structures extremely fast and without much effort, the ability to process complex sentences develops rather late in life. Although the conjoint occurrence between brain-structural and brain-functional changes, the decrease of plasticity, and changes in cognitive abilities suggests a certain causality between these processes, concrete evidence for the relation between brain development, language processing, and language performance is rare. Therefore, the current dissertation investigates the tripartite relationship between behavior (in the form of language performance and cognitive maturation as prerequisite for language processing), brain structure (in the form of gray matter maturation), and brain function (in the form of brain activation evoked by complex sentence processing). Previous developmental studies indicate a missing increase of activation in accordance to sentence complexity (functional selectivity) in language-relevant brain areas in children. To determine the factors contributing to the functional development of language-relevant brain areas, different methodologies and data acquisition techniques were used to investigate the processing of center-embedded sentences in 5- and 6-year-old children, 7- and 8-year-old children, and adults. Behavioral results indicate that children between 5 and 8 years show difficulties in processing double embedded sentences and that their performance for these type of sentences is positively correlated with digit span. In 7- and 8-year-old children, it was found that especially the processing of long-distance relations between the initial phrase and its corresponding verb appears to be associated with the subject’s verbal working memory capacity. In contrast, children’s performance for double embedded sentences in the younger age group positively correlated with their performance in a standardized sentence comprehension test. This finding supports the hypothesis that processing difficulties in this age group may be mainly attributed to difficulties in processing case marking information. These findings are discussed with respect to current accounts of language and working memory development. A second study aimed at investigating the structural maturation of brain areas involved in sentence comprehension. To do this, whole-brain magnetic resonance images from 59 children between 5 and 8 years were collected and children’s gray matter was analyzed by using voxel-based morphometry. Children’s grammatical proficiency was assessed by a standardized sentence comprehension test. A confirmatory factory analysis corroborated a grammar-relevant and a verbal working memory-relevant factor underlying the measured performance. While children’s ability to assign thematic roles is positively correlated with gray matter probability (GMP) in the left inferior temporal gyrus and the left inferior frontal gyrus, verbal working memory-related performance is positively correlated with GMP in the left parietal operculum extending into the posterior superior temporal gyrus. These areas have been previously shown to be differentially engaged in adults’ complex sentence processing. Thus, the findings of the second study suggest a specific correspondence between children’s GMP in language-relevant brain regions and differential cognitive abilities which underlie complex sentence comprehension. In a third study, functional brain activity during the processing of center-embedded sentences was investigated in three different age groups (5–6 years, 7–8 years, and adults). Although all age groups engage a qualitatively comparable network of the left pars opercularis (PO), the left inferior parietal lobe extending into the posterior superior temporal gyrus (IPL/pSTG), the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the cerebellum, functional selectivity of these regions was only observable in adults. However, functional activation of the language-related regions (PO and IPL/pSTG) predicted sentence comprehension performance for all age groups. To solve the question of the complex interplay between different maturational factors, a fourth study analyzed the predictive power of gray matter probability, verbal working memory capacity, and behavioral differences in performance for simple and complex sentence for the functional selectivity of each activated region. These analyses revealed that the establishment of the adult-like functional selectivity for complex sentences is predicted by a reduction of the left PO’s gray matter probability across age groups while that of the IPL/pSTG is additionally predicted by verbal working memory capacity. Taken all findings together, the current thesis provides evidence that both structural brain maturation and verbal working memory expansion provide the basis for the emergence of functional selectivity in language-related brain regions leading to more efficient sentence processing during development. KW - language acquisition KW - brain development KW - verbal working memory KW - complex sentence processing KW - language network KW - Hirnentwicklung KW - verbales Arbeitsgedächtnis KW - Spracherwerb Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-941504-59-2 ER - TY - THES A1 - Errard, Audrey T1 - Multiple-pest infestations: impact on tomato Solanum lycopersicum biochemistry in the presence/absence of predator, and on pest biology Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Entrich, Steve R. T1 - Shadow education and social inequalities in Japan T1 - Kommerzielle Nachhilfe und soziale Ungleichheiten in Japan BT - evolving patterns and conceptual implications BT - neue Strukturen und konzeptuelle Implikationen N2 - This book examines why Japan has one of the highest enrolment rates in cram schools and private tutoring worldwide. It sheds light on the causes of this high dependence on ‘shadow education’ and its implications for social inequalities. The book provides a deep and extensive understanding of the role of this kind of education in Japan. It shows new ways to theoretically and empirically address this issue, and offers a comprehensive perspective on the impact of shadow education on social inequality formation that is based on reliable and convincing empirical analyses. Contrary to earlier studies, the book shows that shadow education does not inevitably result in increasing or persisting inequalities, but also inherits the potential to let students overcome their status-specific disadvantages and contributes to more opportunities in education. Against the background of the continuous expansion and the convergence of shadow education systems across the globe, the findings of this book call for similar works in other national contexts, particularly Western societies without traditional large-scale shadow education markets. The book emphasizes the importance and urgency to deal with the modern excesses of educational expansion and education as an institution, in which the shadow education industry has made itself (seemingly) indispensable. This book: • Is the first comprehensive empirical work on the implications of shadow education for educational and social inequalities. • Draws on quantitative and qualitative data and uses mixed-methods. • Has major implications for sociological, international and comparative research on the topic. • Introduces a general theoretical frame to help future research in approaching this under-theorized field. N2 - Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Ursachen für die in Japan im internationalen Vergleich enorm hohen Nutzungsquoten kommerzieller Nachhilfe verschiedenster Couleur (Schattenbildung). Insbesondere die Implikationen der Investitionen in diesen privaten Zusatzschulunterricht für soziale Ungleichheiten stehen im Fokus der Analysen. Das Buch bietet jedoch auch tiefe Einblicke in die Bildungswelt Japans und schafft ein umfassendes Verständnis für die Rolle dieser Art von Bildung. Es werden neue Wege aufgezeigt, dieses Thema theoretisch und empirisch anzugehen sowie eine umfassende Analyse der Wirkung von kommerzieller Nachhilfe auf die Bildung sozialer Ungleichheit basierend auf verlässlichen und überzeugenden empirischen Analysen. Im Gegensatz zu früheren Studien zeigt das Buch, dass Investitionen in kommerzielle Nachhilfe nicht zwangsläufig zu zunehmenden oder anhaltenden Ungleichheiten führt, sondern gleichfalls das Potenzial haben, Schüler ihre statusspezifischen Nachteile überwinden zu lassen und damit zu mehr Chancen in der Bildung beitragen kann. Vor dem Hintergrund des kontinuierlichen Ausbaus und der Konvergenz von Schattenbildungssystemen weltweit fordern die Ergebnisse dieses Buches ähnliche Arbeiten in anderen nationalen Kontexten, insbesondere in westlichen Gesellschaften ohne traditionell hoher Abhängigkeit von Schattenbildung, wie Deutschland. Das Buch betont die Dringlichkeit sich mit den modernen Auswüchsen der Bildungsexpansion und Bildung als einer Institution auseinanderzusetzen, in der sich die Schattenbildungsindustrie (scheinbar) unentbehrlich gemacht hat. Dieses Buch: • ist die erste umfassende empirische Arbeit zu den Implikationen von Schattenbildung für Bildungs- und soziale Ungleichheiten in Japan. • basiert auf quantitativen und qualitativen Daten und verwenden mixed methods. • hat große Auswirkungen auf die soziologische, internationale und vergleichende Forschung zu dem Thema. • führt einen allgemeinen theoretischen Rahmen ein, um die Annäherung an dieses Thema durch zukünftige Forschung zu unterstützen. KW - social inequality KW - educational inequality KW - shadow education KW - educational decision-making KW - educational competition KW - soziale Ungleichheit KW - Bildungsungleichheit KW - shadow education KW - Nachhilfe KW - Bildungsentscheidungen Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-319-69118-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69119-0 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - THES A1 - Emberson, Robert T1 - Chemical weathering driven by bedrock landslides Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Emantoko Dwi Putra, Sulistyo T1 - Placental DNA Methylation in Association with Maternal Heath and Birth Outcomes Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ebrahimian Motlagh, Saghar T1 - Functional characterization of stress-responsive transcription factors and their gene regulatory networks in Arabidopsis thaliana Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Draffehn, Sören T1 - Optical Spectroscopy-Based Characterization of Micellar and Liposomal Systems with Possible Applications in Drug Delivery Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Dotzek, Jana T1 - Mitochondria in the genus Oenothera - Non-Mendelian inheritance patterns, in vitro structure and evolutionary dynamics Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Dionysopoulou, Kyriaki T1 - General-relativistic magnetohydrodynamics in compact objects BT - a resistive-magnetohydrodynamics approach Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Deffa, Oromiya-Jalata T1 - Discursive Construction of Bicultural Identity BT - a cross-generational sociolinguistic study on Oromo-Americans in Minnesota T2 - Duisburger Arbeiten zur Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaft ; 113 N2 - The author examines the cultural identity development of Oromo-Americans in Minnesota, an ethnic group originally located within the national borders of Ethiopia. Earlier studies on language and cultural identity have shown that the degree of ethnic orientation of minorities commonly decreases from generation to generation. Yet oppression and a visible minority status were identified as factors delaying the process of de-ethnicization. Given that Oromos fled persecution in Ethiopia and are confronted with the ramifications of a visible minority status in the U.S., it can be expected that they have retained strong ties to their ethnic culture. This study, however, came to a more complex and theory-building result. Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-631-67312-6 PB - Lang CY - Frankfurt am Main ER - TY - THES A1 - Chutsagulprom, Nawinda T1 - Ensemble-based filters dealing with non-Gaussianity and nonlinearity Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Cheng, Yuan T1 - Recursive state estimation in dynamical systems Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bäse, Frank T1 - Interception loss of changing land covers in the humid tropical lowland of Latin America T1 - Der Zusammenhang von Interzeptionsverlust und Landnutzungswandel im feucht-tropischen Flachland Latein Amerikas BT - A synthesis of experimental and modeling approaches BT - Eine Synthese aus experimentellem und modellgestütztem Ansatz N2 - Das Gebiet der feuchten Tropen ist die am stärksten durch den Landnutzungswandel betroffene Region der Erde. Vor allem die Rodung tropischer Wälder, um Platz für Rinderweiden oder den Anbau von Soja zu schaffen, aber auch seit jüngster Zeit die Bemühungen um Wiederaufforstungen prägen diesen Landnutzungswandel. Dabei beeinflusst die Änderung der Vegetationsbedeckung den regionalen Wasserhaushalt auf vielfältige Weise. Betroffen ist unter anderem die Verdunstung von feuchten Oberflächen. Die so genannte Interzeptionsverdunstung bzw. der Interzeptionsverlust trägt erheblich zum Wasserdampfgehalt in der unteren Atmosphäre und schließlich zur Niederschlagsbildung bei. Ziele dieser Dissertation waren (1) die experimentelle Untersuchung der Interzeptionsverlustunterschiede zwischen einem natürlichen, tropischen Wald und einer Sojaplantage im südlichen Amazonasgebiet, (2) die Modellierung des Interzeptionsverlustes dieser beiden Vegetationsformen im Vergleich zu einem jungen Sekundärwald unter dem Aspekt der Unsicherheiten bei der Ableitung notwendiger Modellparameter sowohl im Südamazonas als auch im Einzugsgebietes des Panamakanals sowie (3) die Wasserhaushaltsanalyse eines vom Landnutzungswandel geprägten Teileinzugsgebietes des Panamakanals in Hinblick auf die Veränderung der Interzeptionsverdunstung durch sich verändernde Landnutzung und der Änderung der klimatischen Bedingungen. Die Messung des Interzeptionsverlustes zeigte, dass in der Hauptwachstumsphase vom Soja von dessen Oberfläche mehr Wasserverdunstet als von der Oberfläche des Waldes. Allerdings ist in der Jahresbilanz der Interzeptionsverlust vom Wald höher, da diese Studie nur eine Momentaufnahme zur Zeit der vollen Vegetationsentwicklung des Sojas mit einem Zeitfenster von zwei Monaten widerspiegelt. Durch die geringere ganzjährige Verdunstung von den mit Soja bestandenen Flächen, wird hier der Niederschlag schneller dem Abfluss zugeführt und schell aus der Region ausgetragen. Somit trägt der Landnutzungswandel von Wald zu Soja zu einer mittelfristigen Reduktion des in der Region verfügbaren Wassers bei. Die anschließende Modellierung des Interzeptionsverlustes zeigte Einerseits einen starken Einfluss der Datenqualität auf die Plausibilität der Ergebnisse und Andererseits, dass die Sensitivität der einzelnen Parameter zwischen den Untersuchungsgebieten variiert. Eine Schlüsselrolle nimmt die Wasserspeicherkapazität der Vegetationskrone ein. Dennoch ist die Evaporationsrate die treibende Größe im Interzeptionsprozess, so dass von ihr die größte Unsicherheit ausgeht. Je nach verwendeter Methode zur Ableitung dieses Parameters unterscheiden sich die gewonnenen Parameterwerte erheblich. Die Wirkungsanalyse der Interzeptionsverdunstung auf den Wasserhaushalt im Wirkungsgeflecht der Änderungen von Temperatur, Niederschlag und Landnutzung im Landschaftsmosaik eines Flusseinzugsgebiets mit Hilfe eines Wasserhaushaltsmodels zeigte den Einfluss der Landnutzungsänderung auf die Abflussbildung mittels verschiedener Landnutzungsszenarien. Die Ergebnisse belegen, dass die Landnutzungsänderung im Gebiet nur einen geringen Einfluss auf den Jahresabfluss hat. Stärker scheint sich der gemessene Temperaturanstieg auf die Verdunstung auszuwirken. Der mit einer höheren Temperatur einhergehende Anstieg der Transpiration und Interzeptionsverdunstung gleicht die gemessene Zunahme des Gebietsniederschlages aus, sodass keine signifikanten Änderungen im Jahresabfluss nachgewiesen werden konnten. Die Ergebnisse der drei Studien verdeutlichen den Einfluss der Landnutzung auf die Interzeptionsverdunstung. Allerdings veranschaulichten die Resultate der Wasserhaushalts-modellierung, wie sehr dieser Einfluss durch die Veränderung der äußeren Rahmenbedingungen, vor allem durch den Anstieg der Temperatur, überprägt werden kann. Dies belegt, dass eine einfache Übertragung der Ergebnisse zwischen den Untersuchungsgebiet nicht möglich ist. Somit bleibt die experimentelle Erhebung von Vegetationsparametern sowie des Interzeptionsverlustes an den jeweils zu untersuchenden Standort für die Anwendung von Modellen unerlässlich. N2 - The humid tropics are the region with the highest rate of land-cover change worldwide. Especially prevalent is the deforestation of old-growth tropical forests to create space for cattle pastures and soybean fields. The regional water cycle is influenced by vegetation cover in various ways. Especially evapotranspiration considerably contributes to water vapor content in the lower atmosphere. Besides active transpiration by plants, evaporation from wetted plant surfaces further known as interception loss is an important supply of water vapor. Changes in interception loss due to change in land cover and the related consequences on the regional water cycle in the humid tropics of Latin America are the research focus of my thesis. (1) In an experimental setup I assess differences in interception loss between an old-growth tropical forest and a soybean plantation. (2) In a modeling study, I examine interception losses of these two vegetation types compared to a younger secondary forest with the use of the Gash interception model, including an uncertainty analysis for the estimation of the necessary model parameters. (3) Studying the water balance of a 192-km² catchment I disentangle the influences of changes in land cover and climatic factors on interception loss. The three different research sites in my thesis represent a currently typical spectrum for land-cover changes in Latin America. In the first example I study the consequences of deforestation of transitional forest, which forms the transition from the Brazilian tree savanna (cerrado) to tropical rain forest, for the establishment of soybean fields in the southern Amazon basin. The second study site is a young secondary forest within the “Agua Salud” project area in Panama as an example of reforestation of former pastures. The third study site is the Cirí Grande river catchment which comprises a mixture of young and old forests as well as pastures, which is typical for the southern sub-catchments of the Panama Canal. The experimental approach consists of the indirect estimation of interception loss by measuring throughfall and stem flow. For the first experimental study I measured throughfall as well as stem flow manually. Measurements of the leaf area index of the two land covers do not show distinct differences; hence it could not serve as an explanation for the differences in the measured interception loss. The considerably higher interception loss at the soybean field is attributed to a possible underestimation of stemflow but also to the stronger ventilation within the well-structured plant rows causing higher evaporation rates. This situation is valid only for two months of the rainy season, when soybean plants are fully developed. In the annual balance evapotranspiration at the soybean site is clearly less than at the forest site, accelerating the development of fast runoff components and consequently discharge. In the medium term, a reduction of water availability in the study area can be expected. For the modeling study, throughfall in a young secondary forest is sampled automatically. The resulting temporally high-resolution dataset allows the distinction between different precipitation and interception events. The core of this study is the sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of the Gash interception model parameters and the consequences for its results. Canopy storage capacity plays a key role for the model and parameter uncertainty. With increasing storage capacity uncertainty in parameter delineation also increases. Evaporation rate as the driving component of the interception process incorporates in this context the largest parameter uncertainty. Depending on the selected method for parameter estimation, parameter values may vary tremendously. In the third study, I analyze the influence of interception loss on the water balance of the Cirí Grande catchment, incorporating the interlinked effects of temperature, precipitation and changes of the land use mosaic using the SWAT (soil water assessment tool) model. Constructing several land-cover scenarios I assess their influence on the catchment’s discharge. The results show that land-cover change exerts only a small influence on annual discharge in the Cirí Grande catchment whereas an increase in temperature markedly influences evapotranspiration. The temperature-induced larger transpiration and interception loss balances the simultaneous increase in annual precipitation, such that the resulting changes in annual discharge are negligible. The results of the three studies show the considerable effect of land cover on interception. However, the magnitude of this effect can be masked by changes in local conditions, especially by an increase in temperature. Hence, the results cannot be transferred easily between the different study sites. For modeling purposes, this means that measurements of vegetation characteristics as well as interception loss at the respective sites are indispensable. KW - geoecology KW - interception KW - hydrology KW - Geoökologie KW - Interzeptionsverdunstung KW - Hydrologie KW - Lateinamerika KW - Latin America Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Brzezinka, Magdalena T1 - Investigation of novel proteins and polysaccharides associated with coccoliths of Emiliania huxleyi Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Brzezinka, Krzysztof T1 - Chromatin dynamics during heat stress memory in plants Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Borgnäs, Kajsa T1 - Governing through 'governing images' BT - Understanding the policy role of sustainability indicators N2 - In the debate on how to govern sustainable development, a central question concerns the interaction between knowledge about sustainability and policy developments. The discourse on what constitutes sustainable development conflict on some of the most basic issues, including the proper definitions, instruments and indicators of what should be ‘developed’ or ‘sustained’. Whereas earlier research on the role of (scientific) knowledge in policy adopted a rationalist-positivist view of knowledge as the basis for ‘evidence-based policy making’, recent literature on knowledge creation and transfer processes has instead pointed towards aspects of knowledge-policy ‘co-production’ (Jasanoff 2004). It is highlighted that knowledge utilisation is not just a matter of the quality of the knowledge as such, but a question of which knowledge fits with the institutional context and dominant power structures. Just as knowledge supports and justifies certain policy, policy can produce and stabilise certain knowledge. Moreover, rather than viewing knowledge-policy interaction as a linear and uni-directional model, this conceptualization is based on an assumption of the policy process as being more anarchic and unpredictable, something Cohen, March and Olsen (1972) has famously termed the ‘garbage-can model’. The present dissertation focuses on the interplay between knowledge and policy in sustainability governance. It takes stock with the practice of ‘Management by Objectives and Results’ (MBOR: Lundqvist 2004) whereby policy actors define sustainable development goals (based on certain knowledge) and are expected to let these definitions guide policy developments as well as evaluate whether sustainability improves or not. As such a knowledge-policy instrument, Sustainability Indicators (SI:s) help both (subjectively) construct ‘social meaning’ about sustainability and (objectively) influence policy and measure its success. The different articles in this cumulative dissertation analyse the development, implementation and policy support (personal and institutional) of Sustainability Indicators as an instrument for MBOR in a variety of settings. More specifically, the articles centre on the question of how sustainability definitions and measurement tools on the one hand (knowledge) and policy instruments and political power structures on the other, are co-produced. A first article examines the normative foundations of popular international SI:s and country rankings. Combining theoretical (constructivist) analysis with factor analysis, it analyses how the input variable structure of SI:s are related to different sustainability paradigms, producing a different output in terms of which countries (developed versus developing) are most highly ranked. Such a theoretical input-output analysis points towards a potential problem of SI:s becoming a sort of ‘circular argumentation constructs’. The article thus, highlights on a quantitative basis what others have noted qualitatively – that different definitions and interpretations of sustainability influence indicator output to the point of contradiction. The normative aspects of SI:s does thereby not merely concern the question of which indicators to use for what purposes, but also the more fundamental question of how normative and political bias are intrinsically a part of the measurement instrument as such. The study argues that, although no indicator can be expected to tell the sustainability ‘truth-out-there’, a theoretical localization of indicators – and of the input variable structure – may help facilitate interpretation of SI output and the choice of which indicators to use for what (policy or academic) purpose. A second article examines the co-production of knowledge and policy in German sustainability governance. It focuses on the German sustainability strategy ‘Perspektiven für Deutschland’ (2002), a strategy that stands out both in an international comparison of national sustainability strategies as well as among German government policy strategies because of its relative stability over five consecutive government constellations, its rather high status and increasingly coercive nature. The study analyses what impact the sustainability strategy has had on the policy process between 2002 and 2015, in terms of defining problems and shaping policy processes. Contrasting rationalist and constructivist perspectives on the role of knowledge in policy, two factors, namely the level of (scientific and political) consensus about policy goals and the ‘contextual fit’ of problem definitions, are found to be main factors explaining how different aspects of the strategy is used. Moreover, the study argues that SI:s are part of a continuous process of ‘structuring’ in which indicator, user and context factors together help structure the sustainability challenge in such a way that it becomes more manageable for government policy. A third article examines how 31 European countries have built supportive institutions of MBOR between 1992 and 2012. In particular during the 1990s and early 2000s much hope was put into the institutionalisation of Environmental Policy Integration (EPI) as a way to overcome sectoral thinking in sustainability policy making and integrate issues of environmental sustainability into all government policy. However, despite high political backing (FN, EU, OECD), implementation of EPI seems to differ widely among countries. The study is a quantitative longitudinal cross-country comparison of how countries’ ‘EPI architectures’ have developed over time. Moreover, it asks which ‘EPI architectures’ seem to be more effective in producing more ‘stringent’ sustainability policy. Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bolger, Anthony T1 - Sequencing the Genome of the stress-tolerant wild tomato Solanum pennellii and Novel Algorithms motivated thereby Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bierkandt, Robert T1 - Pressure from future sea-level rise on coastal power plants: near-term extremes and long-term commitment Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Beltran, Juan Camilo Moreno T1 - Characterization of the Clp protease complex and identification of putative substrates in N. tabacum Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Beine-Golovchuk, Olga T1 - Characterization and functional complementation of the arabidopsis ribosomal Reil1 - 1Reil2-1 double mutant Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Baumann, Julian T1 - Four essays in innovation and industrial economics Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bartholomäus, Alexander T1 - Analyzing Transcriptional and Translational Control in E. coli using Deep-Seq Data Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Barahimipour, Rouhollah T1 - Optimization of transgene expression in the nuclear genome of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and characterization of Chlamydomonas expression strains Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Avcilar-Kucukgoze, Irem T1 - Effect of tRNA Aminoacylation and Cellular Resources Allocation on the Dynamics of Translation in Escherichia coli Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Armarego-Marriott, Tegan T1 - From dark to light BT - an overexpression and systems biology approach to investigate the development of functional thylakoid membranes Y1 - 2016 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ambrosi, Thomas H. T1 - The Role of Bone-residing Adipocyte Progenitors in Age-related Stem Cell Dysfunction and Regenerative Processes Y1 - 2016 ER -