TY - JOUR
A1 - Bondü, Rebecca
A1 - Hannuschke, Marianne
A1 - Elsner, Birgit
A1 - Gollwitzer, Mario
T1 - Inter-individual stabilization of justice sensitivity in childhood and adolescence
JF - Journal of research in personality
KW - Justice sensitivity
KW - Stabilization
KW - Latent-state-trait modeling
KW - Childhood
KW - Adolescence
Y1 - 2016
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2016.06.021
SN - 0092-6566
SN - 1095-7251
VL - 64
SP - 11
EP - 20
PB - Elsevier
CY - San Diego
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bondü, Rebecca
A1 - Esser, Günter
T1 - Justice and rejection sensitivity in children and adolescents with ADHD symptoms
JF - European child and adolescent psychiatry : offical journal of the European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
N2 - Justice sensitivity captures individual differences in the frequency with which injustice is perceived and the intensity of emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions to it. Persons with ADHD have been reported to show high justice sensitivity, and a recent study provided evidence for this notion in an adult sample. In 1,235 German 10- to 19-year olds, we measured ADHD symptoms, justice sensitivity from the victim, observer, and perpetrator perspective, the frequency of perceptions of injustice, anxious and angry rejection sensitivity, depressive symptoms, conduct problems, and self-esteem. Participants with ADHD symptoms reported significantly higher victim justice sensitivity, more perceptions of injustice, and higher anxious and angry rejection sensitivity, but significantly lower perpetrator justice sensitivity than controls. In latent path analyses, justice sensitivity as well as rejection sensitivity partially mediated the link between ADHD symptoms and comorbid problems when considered simultaneously. Thus, both justice sensitivity and rejection sensitivity may contribute to explaining the emergence and maintenance of problems typically associated with ADHD symptoms, and should therefore be considered in ADHD therapy.
KW - ADHD
KW - Justice sensitivity
KW - Rejection sensitivity
KW - Conduct problems
KW - Depressive symptoms
Y1 - 2015
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-014-0560-9
SN - 1018-8827
SN - 1435-165X
VL - 24
IS - 2
SP - 185
EP - 198
PB - Springer
CY - New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bondü, Rebecca
A1 - Elsner, Birgit
T1 - Justice Sensitivity in Childhood and Adolescence
JF - Social development
N2 - Individuals differ in their sensitivity toward injustice. Justice-sensitive persons perceive injustice more frequently and show stronger responses to it. Justice sensitivity has been studied predominantly in adults; little is known about its development in childhood and adolescence and its connection to prosocial behavior and emotional and behavioral problems. This study evaluates a version of the justice sensitivity inventory for children and adolescents (JSI-CA5) in 1472 9- to 17-year olds. Items and scales showed good psychometric properties and correlations with prosocial behavior and conduct problems similar to findings in adults, supporting the reliability and validity of the scale. We found individual differences in justice sensitivity as a function of age and gender. Furthermore, justice sensitivity predicted emotional and behavioral problems in children and adolescents over a 1- to 2-year period. Justice sensitivity perspectives can therefore be considered as risk and/or protective factors for mental health in childhood and adolescence.
KW - justice sensitivity
KW - development
KW - conduct problems
KW - prosocial behavior
Y1 - 2015
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12098
SN - 0961-205X
SN - 1467-9507
VL - 24
IS - 2
SP - 420
EP - 441
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Hoboken
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bondü, Rebecca
A1 - Birke, Joseph B.
T1 - Aggression-related sexual fantasies
BT - prevalence rates, sex differences, and links with personality, attitudes, and behavior
JF - The journal of sexual medicine : basic research and clinical studies in male and female sexual function and dysfunction
N2 - Background: Aggression-related sexual fantasies (ASF) are considered an important risk factor for sexual aggression, but empirical knowledge is limited, in part because previous research has been based on predominantly male, North-American college samples, and limited numbers of questions.
Aim: The present study aimed to foster the knowledge about the frequency and correlates of ASF, while including a large sample of women and a broad range of ASF.
Method: A convenience sample of N = 664 participants from Germany including 508 (77%) women and 156 (23%) men with a median age of 25 (21-27) years answered an online questionnaire. Participants were mainly recruited via social networks (online and in person) and were mainly students. We examined the frequencies of (aggression-related) sexual fantasies and their expected factor structure (factors reflecting affective, experimental, masochistic, and aggression-related contents) via exploratory factor analysis. We investigated potential correlates (eg, psychopathic traits, attitudes towards sexual fantasies) as predictors of ASF using multiple regression analyses. Finally, we examined whether ASF would positively predict sexual aggression beyond other pertinent risk factors using multiple regression analysis.
Outcomes: The participants rated the frequency of a broad set of 56 aggression-related and other sexual fantasies, attitudes towards sexual fantasies, the Big Five (ie, broad personality dimensions including neuroticism and extraversion), sexual aggression, and other risk factors for sexual aggression.
Results: All participants reported non-aggression-related sexual fantasies and 77% reported at least one ASF in their lives. Being male, frequent sexual fantasies, psychopathic traits, and negative attitudes towards sexual fantasies predicted more frequent ASF. ASF were the strongest predictor of sexual aggression beyond other risk factors, including general aggression, psychopathic traits, rape myth acceptance, and violent pornography consumption.
Clinical Translation: ASF may be an important risk factor for sexual aggression and should be more strongly considered in prevention and intervention efforts.
Strengths and Limitations: The strengths of the present study include using a large item pool and a large sample with a large proportion of women in order to examine ASF as a predictor of sexual aggression beyond important control variables. Its weaknesses include the reliance on cross-sectional data, that preclude causal inferences, and not continuously distinguishing between consensual and non-consensual acts.
Conclusion: ASF are a frequent phenomenon even in in the general population and among women and show strong associations with sexual aggression. Thus, they require more attention by research on sexual aggression and its prevention.
KW - aggressive sexual fantasies
KW - sexual aggression
KW - psychopathic traits
KW - rape myths acceptance
KW - big five
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.06.006
SN - 1743-6095
SN - 1743-6109
VL - 18
IS - 8
SP - 1383
EP - 1397
PB - Oxford University Press
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bondü, Rebecca
A1 - Birke, Joseph
T1 - Links between aggressive sexual fantasies and presumably non-consensual aggressive sexual behavior when controlling for BDSM identity
JF - International journal of conflict and violence
N2 - Recent research provides evidence that aggressive sexual fantasies predict aggressive sexual behavior in the general population. However, sexual fantasies including fantasies about the infliction of pain and humiliation, should be frequent and often consensually acted upon among individuals with sadomasochistic likings. The question arises whether sexual fantasies with aggressive content still predict presumably non-consensual aggressive sexual behavior in individuals with sadomasochistic likings, given that BDSM encounters are generally considered consensual. To investigate this question, we conducted a questionnaire survey of sexual fantasies, as sessing the frequency of seventy sexual fantasies involving non-aggressive, masochistic, and aggressive acts. Our sample (N = 182) contained 99 respondents who self-identified as sadist, masochist, or switcher; 44 reported no such identification. For respondents reporting BDSM identification, we replicated a factor structure for sexual fantasies similar to that previously found in the general population, including three factors reflecting fantasies about increasingly severe aggressive sexual acts. Fantasies about injuring a partner and/or using weapons and fantasies about sexual coercion predicted presumably non-consensual sexual behavior independently of other risk factors for aggressive sexual behavior and irrespective of BDSM identification. Hence, severely aggressive sexual fantasies may predispose to presumably non-consensual sexual behavior in both individuals with and without BDSM identification.
KW - aggressive sexual fantasies
KW - BDSM
KW - sexual aggression
KW - psychopathy
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.4119/ijcv-3777
SN - 1864-1385
VL - 14
IS - 1
PB - Inst. for Interdisciplinary Conflict and Violence Research, Univ. of Bielefeld
CY - Bielefeld
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bondü, Rebecca
A1 - Bilgin, Ayten
A1 - Warschburger, Petra
T1 - Justice sensitivity and rejection sensitivity as predictors and outcomes of eating disorder pathology
BT - a 5-year longitudinal study
JF - The international journal of eating disorders
N2 - Objective:
Rejection sensitivity and justice sensitivity are personality traits that are characterized by frequent perceptions and intense adverse responses to negative social cues. Whereas there is good evidence for associations between rejection sensitivity, justice sensitivity, and internalizing problems, no longitudinal studies have investigated their association with eating disorder (ED) pathology so far. Thus, the present study examined longitudinal relations between rejection sensitivity, justice sensitivity, and ED pathology.
Method:
Participants (N = 769) reported on their rejection sensitivity, justice sensitivity, and ED pathology at 9-19 (T1), 11-21 (T2), and 14-22 years of age (T3).
Results:
Latent cross-lagged models showed longitudinal associations between ED pathology and anxious rejection sensitivity, observer and victim justice sensitivity. T1 and T2 ED pathology predicted higher T2 and T3 anxious rejection sensitivity, respectively. In turn, T2 anxious rejection sensitivity predicted more T3 ED pathology. T1 observer justice sensitivity predicted more T2 ED pathology, which predicted higher T3 observer justice sensitivity. Furthermore, T1 ED pathology predicted higher T2 victim justice sensitivity.
Discussion:
Rejection sensitivity-particularly anxious rejection sensitivity-and justice sensitivity may be involved in the maintenance or worsening of ED pathology and should be considered by future research and in prevention and treatment of ED pathology. Also, mental health problems may increase rejection sensitivity and justice sensitivity traits in the long term.
KW - eating disorder pathology
KW - justice sensitivity
KW - longitudinal
KW - rejection
KW - sensitivity
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23273
SN - 0276-3478
SN - 1098-108X
VL - 53
IS - 6
SP - 926
EP - 936
PB - Wiley
CY - New York, NY
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bondü, Rebecca
A1 - Beier, Sophia
T1 - Two of a Kind? Differences and similarities of attacks in schools and in institutes of higher aducation
JF - Journal of interpersonal violence : concerned with the study and treatment of victims and perpetrators of physical and sexual violence
N2 - School attacks are attracting increasing attention in aggression research. Recent systematic analyses provided new insights into offense and offender characteristics. Less is known about attacks in institutes of higher education (e.g., universities). It is therefore questionable whether the term “school attack” should be limited to institutions of general education or could be extended to institutions of higher education. Scientific literature is divided in distinguishing or unifying these two groups and reports similarities as well as differences. We researched 232 school attacks and 45 attacks in institutes of higher education throughout the world and conducted systematic comparisons between the two groups. The analyses yielded differences in offender (e.g., age, migration background) and offense characteristics (e.g., weapons, suicide rates), and some similarities (e.g., gender). Most differences can apparently be accounted for by offenders’ age and situational influences. We discuss the implications of our findings for future research and the development of preventative measures.
KW - school attack
KW - IHE attack
KW - rampage
KW - higher education
KW - characteristics
KW - prevention
Y1 - 2015
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260514533156
SN - 0886-2605
SN - 1552-6518
VL - 30
IS - 2
SP - 253
EP - 271
PB - Sage Publ.
CY - Thousand Oaks
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bondü, Rebecca
T1 - Is bad intent negligible?
BT - Linking victim justice sensitivity, hostile attribution bias, and aggression
JF - Aggressive behavior : a multidisciplinary journal devoted to the experimental and observational analysis of conflict in humans and animals
N2 - The hostile attribution bias (HAB) is a well-established risk factor for aggression. It is considered part of the suspicious mindset that may cause highly victim-justice sensitive individuals to behave uncooperatively. Thus, links of victim justice sensitivity (JS) with negative behavior, such as aggression, may be better explained by HAB. The present study tested this hypothesis in N=279 German adolescents who rated their JS, HAB, and physical, relational, verbal, reactive, and proactive aggression. Victim JS predicted physical, relational, verbal, reactive, and proactive aggression when HAB was controlled. HAB only predicted physical and proactive aggression. There were no moderator effects. Injustice seems an important reason for aggression irrespective of whether or not it is intentionally caused, particularly among those high in victim JS. Thus, victim JS should be considered as a potential important risk factor for aggression and receive more attention by research on aggression and preventive efforts.
KW - adolescence
KW - aggression
KW - hostile attribution bias
KW - justice sensitivity
Y1 - 2018
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21764
SN - 0096-140X
SN - 1098-2337
VL - 44
IS - 5
SP - 442
EP - 450
PB - Wiley
CY - Hoboken
ER -
TY - THES
A1 - Bondü, Rebecca
T1 - Justice Sensitivity
BT - Development during Late Childhood and Adolescence and Links with Externalizing and Internalizing Problem Behavior
N2 - Individuals differ in their tendency to perceive injustice and in their responses towards these perceptions. Those high in justice sensitivity tend to show intense negative affective, cognitive, and behavioral responses towards injustice that in part also depend on the perspective from which injustice is perceived. The present research project showed that inter-individual differences in justice sensitivity may already be measured and observed in childhood and adolescence and that early adolescence seems an important age-range and developmental stage for the stabilization of these differences. Furthermore, the different justice sensitivity perspectives were related to different forms of externalizing (aggression, ADHD, bullying) and internalizing problem behavior (depressive symptoms) both in children and adolescents as well as in adults in cross-sectional studies. Particularly victim sensitivity may apparently constitute an important risk factor for a broad range of both externalizing and internalizing maladaptive behaviors and mental health problems as shown in those studies using longitudinal data. Regarding aggressive behavior, victim justice sensitivity may even constitute a risk factor above and beyond other important and well-established risk factors for aggression and similar sensitivity constructs that had previously been linked to this kind of behavior. In contrast, observer and perpetrator sensitivity (perpetrator sensitivity in particular) tended to show negative links with externalizing problem behavior and instead predicted prosocial behavior in children and adolescents. However, there were also detached positive relations of perpetrator sensitivity with emotional problems as well as of observer sensitivity with reactive aggression and depressive symptoms. Taken together, the findings from the present research show that justice sensitivity forms in childhood at the latest and that it may have important, long-term influences on pro- and antisocial behavior and mental health. Thus, justice sensitivity requires more attention in research on the prevention and intervention of mental health problems and antisocial behavior, such as aggression.
KW - adolescence
KW - externalizing problem behavior
KW - interalizing problem behavior
KW - aggressive behavior
KW - justice sensitivity
Y1 -
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bonache, Helena
A1 - Gonzalez-Mendez, Rosaura
A1 - Krahe, Barbara
T1 - Adult attachment styles, destructive conflict resolution, and the experience of intimate partner violence
JF - Journal of interpersonal violence : concerned with the study and treatment of victims and perpetrators of physical and sexual violence
N2 - Although there is ample evidence linking insecure attachment styles and intimate partner violence (IPV), little is known about the psychological processes underlying this association, especially from the victim’s perspective. The present study examined how attachment styles relate to the experience of sexual and psychological abuse, directly or indirectly through destructive conflict resolution strategies, both self-reported and attributed to their opposite-sex romantic partner. In an online survey, 216 Spanish undergraduates completed measures of adult attachment style, engagement and withdrawal conflict resolution styles shown by self and partner, and victimization by an intimate partner in the form of sexual coercion and psychological abuse. As predicted, anxious and avoidant attachment styles were directly related to both forms of victimization. Also, an indirect path from anxious attachment to IPV victimization was detected via destructive conflict resolution strategies. Specifically, anxiously attached participants reported a higher use of conflict engagement by themselves and by their partners. In addition, engagement reported by the self and perceived in the partner was linked to an increased probability of experiencing sexual coercion and psychological abuse. Avoidant attachment was linked to higher withdrawal in conflict situations, but the paths from withdrawal to perceived partner engagement, sexual coercion, and psychological abuse were non-significant. No gender differences in the associations were found. The discussion highlights the role of anxious attachment in understanding escalating patterns of destructive conflict resolution strategies, which may increase the vulnerability to IPV victimization.
KW - attachment styles
KW - conflict resolution
KW - intimate partner violence
KW - psychological abuse
KW - sexual coercion
Y1 - 2016
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260516640776
SN - 0886-2605
SN - 1552-6518
VL - 34
IS - 2
SP - 287
EP - 309
PB - Sage Publ.
CY - Thousand Oaks
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bohn, Christiane
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1 - Post-interpretive processes influence interpretive processing during reading: evidence from eye movements
Y1 - 2007
SN - 978-18-4169-96-9
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Boecker-Schlier, Regina
A1 - Holz, Nathalie E.
A1 - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1 - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1 - Plichta, Michael M.
A1 - Wolf, Isabella
A1 - Baumeister, Sarah
A1 - Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas
A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1 - Brandeis, Daniel
A1 - Laucht, Manfred
T1 - Impact of early life adversity on reward processing in young adults: EEG-fMRI results from a prospective study over 25 years
T2 - PLoS one
Y1 - 2014
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112155
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 9
IS - 10
PB - PLoS
CY - San Fransisco
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Boecker-Schlier, Regina
A1 - Holz, Nathalie E.
A1 - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1 - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1 - Plichta, Michael M.
A1 - Wolf, Isabella
A1 - Baumeister, Sarah
A1 - Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas
A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1 - Brandeis, Daniel
A1 - Laucht, Manfred
T1 - Impact of early life adversity on reward processing in young adults: EEG-fMRI results from a prospective study over 25 years
JF - PLoS one
N2 - Several lines of evidence have implicated the mesolimbic dopamine reward pathway in altered brain function resulting from exposure to early adversity. The present study examined the impact of early life adversity on different stages of neuronal reward processing later in life and their association with a related behavioral phenotype, i.e. attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 162 healthy young adults (mean age = 24.4 years; 58% female) from an epidemiological cohort study followed since birth participated in a simultaneous EEG-fMRI study using a monetary incentive delay task. Early life adversity according to an early family adversity index (EFA) and lifetime ADHD symptoms were assessed using standardized parent interviews conducted at the offspring's age of 3 months and between 2 and 15 years, respectively. fMRI region-of-interest analysis revealed a significant effect of EFA during reward anticipation in reward-related areas (i.e. ventral striatum, putamen, thalamus), indicating decreased activation when EFA increased. EEG analysis demonstrated a similar effect for the contingent negative variation (CNV), with the CNV decreasing with the level of EFA. In contrast, during reward delivery, activation of the bilateral insula, right pallidum and bilateral putamen increased with EFA. There was a significant association of lifetime ADHD symptoms with lower activation in the left ventral striatum during reward anticipation and higher activation in the right insula during reward delivery. The present findings indicate a differential long-term impact of early life adversity on reward processing, implicating hyporesponsiveness during reward anticipation and hyperresponsiveness when receiving a reward. Moreover, a similar activation pattern related to lifetime ADHD suggests that the impact of early life stress on ADHD may possibly be mediated by a dysfunctional reward pathway.
Y1 - 2014
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104185
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 9
IS - 8
PB - PLoS
CY - San Fransisco
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1 - Treutlein, Jens
A1 - Esser, Günter
A1 - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1 - Schumann, Gunter
A1 - Laucht, Manfred
T1 - Interaction between CRHR1 gene and stressful life events predicts adolescent heavy alcohol use
N2 - Background: Recent animal research suggests that alterations in the corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) may lead to heavy alcohol use following repeated stress. The aim of this study was to examine interactions between two haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering the CRHR1 gene and adverse life events on heavy drinking in adolescents. Methods: Data were available from the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, an ongoing cohort study of the long-term outcome of early risk factors followed since birth. At age 15 years, 280 participants (135 males, 145 females) completed a self-report questionnaire measuring alcohol use and were genotyped for two SNPs (rs242938, rs1876831) of CRHR1. Assessment of negative life events over the past three years was obtained by a standardized interview with the parents. Results: Adolescents homozygous for the C allele of rs1876831 drank higher maximum amounts of alcohol per occasion and had greater lifetime rates of heavy drinking in relation to negative life events than individuals carrying the T allele. No gene X environment interactions were found for regular drinking and between rs242938 and stressful life events. Conclusions: These findings provide first evidence in humans that the CRHR1 gene interacts with exposure to stressful life events to predict heavy alcohol use in adolescents.
Y1 - 2007
SN - 0006-3223
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1 - Friemel, Chris M.
A1 - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1 - Laucht, Manfred
A1 - Schneider, Miriam
T1 - Impact of pubertal stage at first drink on adult drinking behavior
JF - Alcoholism : clinical and experimental research ; the official journal of the American Medical Society on Alcoholism and the Research Society on Alcoholism
N2 - BackgroundEarly alcohol use is one of the strongest predictors of later alcohol use disorders, with early use usually taking place during puberty. Many researchers have suggested drinking during puberty as a potential biological basis of the age at first drink (AFD) effect. However, the influence of the pubertal phase at alcohol use initiation on subsequent drinking in later life has not been examined so far.
MethodsPubertal stage at first drink (PSFD) was determined in N=283 young adults (131 males, 152 females) from an epidemiological cohort study. At ages 19, 22, and 23years, drinking behavior (number of drinking days, amount of alcohol consumed, hazardous drinking) was assessed using interview and questionnaire methods. Additionally, an animal study examined the effects of pubertal or adult ethanol (EtOH) exposure on voluntary EtOH consumption in later life in 20 male Wistar rats.
ResultsPSFD predicted drinking behavior in humans in early adulthood, indicating that individuals who had their first drink during puberty displayed elevated drinking levels compared to those with postpubertal drinking onset. These findings were corroborated by the animal study, in which rats that received free access to alcohol during the pubertal period were found to consume more alcohol as adults, compared to the control animals that first came into contact with alcohol during adulthood.
ConclusionsThe results point to a significant role of stage of pubertal development at first contact with alcohol for the development of later drinking habits. Possible biological mechanisms and implications for prevention are discussed.
KW - Age at First Drink
KW - Alcohol Use
KW - Puberty
KW - Young Adulthood
KW - Prospective Longitudinal Study
Y1 - 2013
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.12154
SN - 0145-6008
VL - 37
IS - 10
SP - 1804
EP - 1811
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Hoboken
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1 - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1 - Schmid, Brigitte
A1 - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1 - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1 - Laucht, Manfred
T1 - Age at first drink moderates the impact of current stressful life events on drinking behavior in young adults
JF - Alcoholism : clinical and experimental research ; the official journal of the American Medical Society on Alcoholism and the Research Society on Alcoholism
N2 - Background:
Recent evidence from animal experiments and studies in humans suggests that early age at first drink (AFD) may lead to higher stress-induced drinking. The present study aimed to extend these findings by examining whether AFD interacted with stressful life events (SLE) and/or with daily hassles regarding the impact on drinking patterns among young adults.
Method:
In 306 participants of an epidemiological cohort study, AFD was assessed together with SLE during the past 3 years, daily hassles in the last month, and drinking behavior at age 22. As outcome variables, 2 variables were derived, reflecting different aspects of alcohol use: the amount of alcohol consumed in the last month and the drinking frequency, indicated by the number of drinking days in the last month.
Results:
Linear regression models revealed an interaction effect between the continuous measures of AFD and SLE on the amount of alcohol consumed. The earlier young adults had their first alcoholic drink and the higher the levels of SLE they were exposed to, the disproportionately more alcohol they consumed. Drinking frequency was not affected by an interaction of these variables, while daily hassles and their interaction with AFD were unrelated to drinking behavior.
Conclusions:
These findings highlight the importance of early age at drinking onset as a risk factor for later heavy drinking under high load of SLE. Prevention programs should aim to raise age at first contact with alcohol. Additionally, support in stressful life situations and the acquisition of effective coping strategies might prevent heavy drinking in those with earlier drinking onset.
KW - Age at First Drink
KW - Drinking Behavior
KW - Longitudinal Study
KW - Stressful Life Events
KW - Daily Hassles
Y1 - 2011
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01447.x
SN - 0145-6008
VL - 35
IS - 6
SP - 1142
EP - 1148
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Malden
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1 - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1 - Lascorz, Jesus
A1 - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
A1 - Esser, Günter
A1 - Desrivieres, Sylvane
A1 - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1 - Schumann, Gunter
A1 - Laucht, Manfred
T1 - Association of PER2 genotype and stressful life events with alcohol drinking in young adults
JF - PLoS one
N2 - Background: Clock genes govern circadian rhythms and shape the effect of alcohol use on the physiological system. Exposure to severe negative life events is related to both heavy drinking and disturbed circadian rhythmicity. The aim of this study was 1) to extend previous findings suggesting an association of a haplotype tagging single nucleotide polymorphism of PER2 gene with drinking patterns, and 2) to examine a possible role for an interaction of this gene with life stress in hazardous drinking.
Methods: Data were collected as part of an epidemiological cohort study on the outcome of early risk factors followed since birth. At age 19 years, 268 young adults (126 males, 142 females) were genotyped for PER2 rs56013859 and were administered a 45-day alcohol timeline follow-back interview and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Life stress was assessed as the number of severe negative life events during the past four years reported in a questionnaire and validated by interview.
Results: Individuals with the minor G allele of rs56013859 were found to be less engaged in alcohol use, drinking at only 72% of the days compared to homozygotes for the major A allele. Moreover, among regular drinkers, a gene x environment interaction emerged (p = .020). While no effects of genotype appeared under conditions of low stress, carriers of the G allele exhibited less hazardous drinking than those homozygous for the A allele when exposed to high stress.
Conclusions: These findings may suggest a role of the circadian rhythm gene PER2 in both the drinking patterns of young adults and in moderating the impact of severe life stress on hazardous drinking in experienced alcohol users. However, in light of the likely burden of multiple tests, the nature of the measures used and the nominal evidence of interaction, replication is needed before drawing firm conclusions.
Y1 - 2013
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059136
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 8
IS - 3
PB - PLoS
CY - San Fransisco
ER -
TY - THES
A1 - Blaser, Berenike Lisa
T1 - Premenstrual symptoms as a function of altered central autonomous nervous activity
T1 - Prämenstruelle Symptome als Funktion veränderter zentralautonomer Netzwerkaktivität
BT - a neurovisceral integration perspective on premenstrual syndrome
BT - eine neuroviszerale Integrations-Perspektive auf das Prämenstruelle Syndrom
N2 - The experience of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) affects up to 90% of individuals with an active menstrual cycle and involves a spectrum of aversive physiological and psychological symptoms in the days leading up to menstruation (Tschudin et al., 2010). Despite its high prevalence, the precise origins of PMS remain elusive, with influences ranging from hormonal fluctuations to cognitive, social, and cultural factors (Hunter, 2007; Matsumoto et al., 2013).
Biologically, hormonal fluctuations, particularly in gonadal steroids, are commonly believed to be implicated in PMS, with the central factor being varying susceptibilities to the fluctuations between individuals and cycles (Rapkin & Akopians, 2012). Allopregnanolone (ALLO), a neuroactive steroid and progesterone metabolite, has emerged as a potential link to PMS symptoms (Hantsoo & Epperson, 2020). ALLO is a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor, influencing inhibitory communication (Rupprecht, 2003; Andréen et al., 2006). Different susceptibility to ALLO fluctuations throughout the cycle may lead to reduced GABAergic signal transmission during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.
The GABAergic system's broad influence leads to a number of affected physiological systems, including a consistent reduction in vagally mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV) during the luteal phase (Schmalenberger et al., 2019). This reduction in vmHRV is more pronounced in individuals with high PMS symptoms (Baker et al., 2008; Matsumoto et al., 2007). Fear conditioning studies have shown inconsistent associations with cycle phases, suggesting a complex interplay between physiological parameters and PMS-related symptoms (Carpenter et al., 2022; Epperson et al., 2007; Milad et al., 2006).
The neurovisceral integration model posits that vmHRV reflects the capacity of the central autonomous network (CAN), which is responsible for regulatory processes on behavioral, cognitive, and autonomous levels (Thayer & Lane, 2000, 2009). Fear learning, mediated within the CAN, is suggested to be indicative of vmHRV's capacity for successful
VI
regulation (Battaglia & Thayer, 2022). Given the GABAergic mediation of central inhibitory functional connectivity in the CAN, which may be affected by ALLO fluctuations, this thesis proposes that fluctuating CAN activity in the luteal phase contributes to diverse aversive symptoms in PMS.
A research program was designed to empirically test these propositions. Study 1 investigated fear discrimination during different menstrual cycle phases and its interaction with vmHRV, revealing nuanced effects on acoustic startle response and skin conductance response. While there was heightened fear discrimination in acoustic startle responses in participants in the luteal phase, there was an interaction between menstrual cycle phase and vmHRV in skin conductance responses. In this measure, heightened fear discrimination during the luteal phase was only visible in individuals with high resting vmHRV; those with low vmHRV showed reduced fear discrimination and higher overall responses.
Despite affecting the vast majority of menstruating people, there are very limited tools available to reliably assess these symptoms in the German speaking area. Study 2 aimed at closing this gap, by translating and validating a German version of the short version of the Premenstrual Assessment Form (Allen et al., 1991), providing a reliable tool for future investigations, which closes the gap in PMS questionnaires in the German-speaking research area.
Study 3 employed a diary study paradigm to explore daily associations between vmHRV and PMS symptoms. The results showed clear simultaneous fluctuations between the two constructs with a peak in PMS and a low point in vmHRV a few days before menstruation onset. The association between vmHRV and PMS was driven by psychological PMS symptoms.
Based on the theoretical considerations regarding the neurovisceral perspective on PMS, another interesting construct to consider is attentional control, as it is closely related to functions of the CAN. Study 4 delved into attentional control and vmHRV differences between menstrual cycle phases, demonstrating an interaction between cycle phase and PMS symptoms. In a pilot, we found reduced vmHRV and attentional control during the luteal phase only in participants who reported strong PMS.
While Studies 1-4 provided evidence for the mechanisms underlying PMS, Studies 5 and 6 investigated short- and long-term intervention protocols to ameliorate PMS symptomatology. Study 5 explored the potential of heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) in alleviating PMS symptoms and a number of other outcome measures. In a waitlist-control design, participants underwent a 4-week smartphone-based HRVB intervention. The results revealed positive effects on PMS, with larger effect sizes on psychological symptoms, as well as on depressive symptoms, anxiety/stress and attentional control.
Finally, Study 6 examined the acute effects of HRVB on attentional control. The study found positive impact but only in highly stressed individuals.
The thesis, based on this comprehensive research program, expands our understanding of PMS as an outcome of CAN fluctuations mediated by GABAA receptor reactivity. The results largely support the model. These findings not only deepen our understanding of PMS but also offer potential avenues for therapeutic interventions. The promising results of smartphone-based HRVB training suggest a non-pharmacological approach to managing PMS symptoms, although further research is needed to confirm its efficacy.
In conclusion, this thesis illuminates the complex web of factors contributing to PMS, providing valuable insights into its etiological underpinnings and potential interventions. By elucidating the relationships between hormonal fluctuations, CAN activity, and psychological responses, this research contributes to more effective treatments for individuals grappling with the challenges of PMS. The findings hold promise for improving the quality of life for those affected by this prevalent and often debilitating condition.
N2 - Das prämenstruelle Syndrom (PMS) betrifft bis zu 90% aller Personen mit einem aktiven Menstruationszyklus und umfasst ein Spektrum aversiver physiologischer und psychologischer Symptome in den Tagen vor der Menstruation (Tschudin et al., 2010). Trotz der hohen Prävalenz bleiben die genauen Ursachen von PMS weitgehend unklar, wobei Einflüsse von hormonellen Schwankungen bis hin zu kognitiven, sozialen und kulturellen Faktoren reichen (Hunter, 2007; Matsumoto et al., 2013).
Von einer biologischen Perspektive werden hormonelle Schwankungen insbesondere in den Geschlechtshormonen häufig mit PMS in Verbindung gebracht. Dabei gelten individuelle und zyklusabhängige Anfälligkeiten gegenüber der hormonellen Schwankungen als zentraler Faktor (Rapkin & Akopians, 2012). Allopregnanolon (ALLO), ein neuroaktives Steroid und ein Progesteronmetabolit, hat sich als potenzielle Verbindung zu PMS-Symptomen herausgestellt (Hantsoo & Epperson, 2020). ALLO ist ein positiver allosterischer Modulator des GABAA-Rezeptors, der die inhibitorische Kommunikation beeinflusst (Rupprecht, 2003; Andréen et al., 2006). Eine unterschiedliche Anfälligkeit für ALLO-Schwankungen im Verlauf des Menstruationszyklus kann zu einer verminderten GABAergen Signalübertragung während der Lutealphase führen.
Der breite Einfluss des GABAergen Systems führt zu einer Vielzahl von betroffenen physiologischen Systemen, einschließlich einer konstanten Reduktion der vagal vermittelten Herzfrequenzvariabilität (vmHRV) während der Lutealphase (Schmalenberger et al., 2019). Diese Reduktion der vmHRV ist bei Personen mit starken PMS-Symptomen stärker ausgeprägt (Baker et al., 2008; Matsumoto et al., 2007). Studien zur Furchtkonditionierung haben inkonsistente Assoziationen mit den Zyklusphasen gezeigt, was auf ein komplexes Zusammenspiel zwischen physiologischen Parametern und PMS-spezifischen Symptomen hindeutet (Carpenter et al., 2022; Epperson et al., 2007; Milad et al., 2006).
Das neuroviszerale Integrationsmodell postuliert, dass die vmHRV die Kapazität des zentralen autonomen Netzwerks (CAN) widerspiegelt, das für regulatorische Prozesse auf Verhaltens-, kognitiver und autonomer Ebene verantwortlich ist (Thayer & Lane, 2000, 2009). Das innerhalb des CAN vermittelte Furchtlernen wird als Indikator für die Fähigkeit der vmHRV zur erfolgreichen Regulation betrachtet (Battaglia & Thayer, 2022). Angesichts der GABAergen Vermittlung der zentralen inhibitorischen funktionellen Konnektivität im CAN, die durch ALLO-Schwankungen beeinflusst werden kann, postuliert diese Arbeit, dass eine fluktuierende CAN-Aktivität in der Lutealphase zu den vielfältigen aversiven Symptomen des PMS beiträgt.
Ein Forschungsprogramm wurde konzipiert, um diese Annahmen empirisch zu überprüfen. Studie 1 untersuchte die Furchtdiskriminierung während verschiedener Menstruationszyklusphasen und deren Wechselwirkung mit vmHRV. Dabei wurden nuancierte Effekte auf den akustischen Schreckreflex und die Hautleitfähigkeitsreaktion aufgedeckt. Während eine gesteigerte Furchtdiskriminierung in akustischen Startlereaktionen bei Teilnehmenden in der Lutealphase festgestellt wurde, zeigte sich in den Hautleitfähigkeitsreaktionen eine Wechselwirkung zwischen Menstruationszyklusphase und vmHRV. In dieser Variable war eine erhöhte Furchtdiskriminierung während der Lutealphase nur bei Personen mit hoher Ruhe-vmHRV sichtbar; Personen mit niedriger vmHRV zeigten eine verringerte Furchtdiskriminierung und insgesamt stärkere Reaktionen.
Trotzdem PMS die Mehrzahl aller menstruierender Personen betrifft, gibt es im deutschen Sprachraum wenige Instrumente, die die Symptomatik reliabel erfassen. Um diese Lücke zu schließen, übersetzte und validierte Studie 2 eine deutsche Version der Kurzversion der Premenstrual Assessment Form (Allen et al., 1991), wodurch ein reliables Instrument für zukünftige Untersuchungen bereitgestellt wurde. Dieses schließt eine Lücke in PMS-Fragebögen in der deutschen Forschungslandschaft.
Studie 3 verwendete ein Tagebuchstudienparadigma, um tägliche Zusammenhänge zwischen vmHRV und PMS-Symptomen zu erforschen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten klare simultane Fluktuationen zwischen den beiden Konstrukten mit einem Höhepunkt in PMS und einem Tiefpunkt in vmHRV einige Tage vor Beginn der Menstruation. Die Assoziation zwischen vmHRV und PMS wurde hautsächlich durch psychologische PMS-Symptome verursacht.
Basierend auf den theoretischen Überlegungen zur neuroviszeralen Perspektive auf PMS, ist ein weiteres interessantes zu betrachtende Konstrukt Aufmerksamkeitskontrolle, da diese eng mit Funktionen des CAN zusammenhängt. Studie 4 untersuchte Aufmerksamkeitskontrolle und Unterschiede in der vmHRV zwischen der Luteal- und Follikelphase des Menstruationszyklus und zeigte eine Wechselwirkung zwischen Zyklusphase und PMS-Symptomen. In einer Pilotstudie fanden wir eine reduzierte vmHRV und Aufmerksamkeitskontrolle während der Lutealphase ausschließlich bei Teilnehmenden, die starke PMS-Symptome berichteten.
Während die Studien 1-4 Evidenz für die Mechanismen hinter PMS lieferten, untersuchten Studien 5 und 6 Kurz- und Langzeitinterventionsprotokolle zur Verbesserung der PMS-Symptomatik. Studie 5 untersuchte den Effekt von Herzratenvariabilitätsbiofeedback (HRVB) auf PMS-Symptome und einer Reihe anderer Outcomemaße. In einem Wartelisten-Kontroll-Design durchliefen die Teilnehmenden eine 4-wöchige Smartphone-basierte HRVB-Intervention. Die Ergebnisse zeigten positive Effekte auf PMS, mit größeren Effektstärken in psychologischen Symptomen, sowie bei depressiven Symptomen, Ängstlichkeit/Stress und Aufmerksamkeitskontrolle.
Schließlich untersuchte Studie 6 die akuten Effekte von HRVB auf Aufmerksamkeitskontrolle. Die Studie zeigte positive Effekte, jedoch nur bei stark gestressten Personen.
KW - premenstrual syndrome
KW - prämenstruelles Syndrom
KW - heart rate variability
KW - Herzratenvariabilität
KW - biofeedback
KW - Aufmerksamkeit
KW - attention
Y1 - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-645970
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Birke, Joseph
A1 - Bondü, Rebecca
T1 - From fantasy to reality
BT - self-reported aggression-related sexual fantasies predict sexually sadistic behavior beyond indirect and direct measures of sexual preference
JF - The journal of sex research
N2 - Aggression-related sexual fantasies (ASF) have been related to various forms of harmful sexual behavior in both sex offender and community samples. However, more research is needed to fully understand this relation, particularly whether ASF is associated with harmful sexual behavior beyond hostile sexism against women and a sexual preference for violence and sexual violence. In the present study, N = 428 participants (61.9% women) between 18 and 83 years of age (M = 28.17, SD = 9.7) reported their ASF and hostile sexism. They rated their sexual arousal by erotic, violent, and sexually violent pictures as a direct measure of sexual preference. Response latencies between stimulus presentation and arousal ratings were used as an indirect measure of sexual preference. ASF and the directly and indirectly assessed sexual preference for violent and sexually violent stimuli were positively correlated. They were unrelated to hostile sexism against women. ASF showed the strongest associations with self-reported sexually sadistic behavior and presumably non-consensual sexual sadism beyond these preferences and hostile sexism in the total group and separately among men and women. The findings indicate that ASF and sexual preference are not equivalent constructs and further underscore the potential relevance of ASF for harmful sexual behavior.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2021.2022588
SN - 0022-4499
SN - 1559-8519
VL - 60
IS - 4
SP - 558
EP - 573
PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY - New York, NY
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Bijeljac-Babic, Ranka
A1 - Höhle, Barbara
A1 - Nazzi, Thierry
T1 - Early prosodic acquisition in bilingual infants
BT - the case of the perceptual trochaic bias
T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2 - Infants start learning the prosodic properties of their native language before 12 months, as shown by the emergence of a trochaic bias in English-learning infants between 6 and 9 months (Jusczyk et al., 1993), and in German-learning infants between 4 and 6 months (Huhle et al., 2009, 2014), while French-learning infants do not show a bias at 6 months (Hohle et al., 2009). This language-specific emergence of a trochaic bias is supported by the fact that English and German are languages with trochaic predominance in their lexicons, while French is a language with phrase-final lengthening but lacking lexical stress. We explored the emergence of a trochaic bias in bilingual French/German infants, to study whether the developmental trajectory would be similar to monolingual infants and whether amount of relative exposure to the two languages has an impact on the emergence of the bias. Accordingly, we replicated Hohle et al. (2009) with 24 bilingual 6-month-olds learning French and German simultaneously. All infants had been exposed to both languages for 30 to 70% of the time from birth. Using the Head Preference Procedure, infants were presented with two lists of stimuli, one made up of several occurrences of the pseudoword /GAba/ with word-initial stress (trochaic pattern), the second one made up of several occurrences of the pseudoword /gaBA/ with word-final stress (iambic pattern). The stimuli were recorded by a native German female speaker. Results revealed that these French/German bilingual 6-month olds have a trochaic bias (as evidenced by a preference to listen to the trochaic pattern). Hence, their listening preference is comparable to that of monolingual German-learning 6-month-olds, but differs from that of monolingual French-learning 6-month-olds who did not show any preference (Noble et al., 2009). Moreover, the size of the trochaic bias in the bilingual infants was not correlated with their amount of exposure to German. The present results thus establish that the development of a trochaic bias in simultaneous bilinguals is not delayed compared to monolingual German-learning infants (Hohle et al., 2009) and is rather independent of the amount of exposure to German relative to French.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 435
KW - bilinguals
KW - infants
KW - language
KW - prosody
KW - lexical stress
KW - dominance effects
Y1 - 2018
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-407225
IS - 435
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Biglu, S.
A1 - Biglu, M. H.
A1 - Falk, C.
T1 - Scientometric study of scientific production n psyciatry
T2 - European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists
Y1 - 2011
SN - 0924-9338
VL - 26
IS - 1
PB - Elsevier
CY - Paris
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bieneck, Steffen
A1 - Krahé, Barbara
T1 - Blaming the victim and exonerating the perpetrator in cases of rape and robbery is there a double standard?
JF - Journal of interpersonal violence : concerned with the study and treatment of victims and perpetrators of physical and sexual violence
N2 - Research in legal decision making has demonstrated the tendency to blame the victim and exonerate the perpetrator of sexual assault. This study examined the hypothesis of a special leniency bias in rape cases by comparing them to cases of robbery. N = 288 participants received descriptions of rape and robbery of a female victim by a male perpetrator and made ratings of victim and perpetrator blame. Case scenarios varied with respect to the prior relationship (strangers, acquaintances, ex-partners) and coercive strategy (force vs. exploiting victim intoxication). More blame was attributed to the victim and less blame was attributed to the perpetrator for rape than for robbery. Information about a prior relationship between victim and perpetrator increased ratings of victim blame and decreased perceptions of perpetrator blame in the rape cases, but not in the robbery cases. The findings support the notion of a special leniency bias in sexual assault cases.
KW - criminology
KW - leniency bias
KW - rape
KW - robbery
KW - victim blame
Y1 - 2011
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260510372945
SN - 0886-2605
VL - 26
IS - 9
SP - 1785
EP - 1797
PB - Sage Publ.
CY - Thousand Oaks
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Bieneck, Steffen
A1 - Krahé, Barbara
T1 - Blaming the victim and exonerating the perpetrator in cases of rape and robbery: is there a double standard?
N2 - Research in legal decision making has demonstrated the tendency to blame the victim and exonerate the perpetrator of sexual assault. This study examined the hypothesis of a special leniency bias in rape cases by comparing them to cases of robbery. N = 288 participants received descriptions of rape and robbery of a female victim by a male perpetrator and made ratings of victim and perpetrator blame. Case scenarios varied with respect to the prior relationship (strangers, acquaintances, ex-partners) and coercive strategy (force vs. exploiting victim intoxication). More blame was attributed to the victim and less blame was attributed to the perpetrator for rape than for robbery. Information about a prior relationship between victim and perpetrator increased ratings of victim blame and decreased perceptions of perpetrator blame in the rape cases, but not in the robbery cases. The findings support the notion of a special leniency bias in sexual assault cases.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 365
KW - criminology
KW - leniency bias
KW - rape
KW - robbery
KW - victim blame
Y1 - 2017
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-402907
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bertok, Eva
A1 - Meško, Gorazd
A1 - Schuster, Isabell
A1 - Tomaszewska, Paulina
ED - Schuster, Isabell
ED - Tomaszewska, Paulina
T1 - Physical teen dating violence in high school students in Slovenia
BT - prevalence and correlates
JF - New directions for child and adolescent development
N2 - Although teen dating violence (TDV) is internationally recognized as a serious threat to adolescents' health and well-being, almost no data is available for Slovenian youth. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and predictors of TDV among Slovenian adolescents for the first time. Using data from the SPMAD study (Study of Parental Monitoring and Adolescent Delinquency), 330 high school students were asked about physical TDV victimization and perpetration as well as about their dating history, relationship conflicts, peers' antisocial behavior, and informal social control by family and school. A substantial number of female andmale adolescents reported victimization (16.7% of female and 12.7% of male respondents) and perpetration (21.1% of female and 6.0% of male respondents). Furthermore, the results revealed that lower age at the first relationship, relationship conflicts, and school informal social control were associated with victimization, whereas being female, relationship conflicts, having antisocial peers, and family informal social control were linked to perpetration. Implications of the study findings were discussed.
KW - dating aggression
KW - Slovenia
KW - teen dating violence
KW - victimization
KW - youth
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20436
SN - 1534-8687
VL - 178
SP - 59
EP - 77
PB - Jossey-Bass
CY - San Fransisco
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Berger, Anja
A1 - Krahé, Barbara
T1 - Negative attributes are gendered too - conceptualizing and measuring positive and negative facets of sex-role identity
JF - European journal of social psychology
N2 - Measures of gender identity have almost exclusively relied on positive aspects of masculinity and femininity, although conceptually the self-concept is not limited to positive attributes. A theoretical argument is made for considering negative attributes of gender identity, followed by five studies developing the Positive-Negative Sex-Role Inventory (PN-SRI) as a new measure of gender identity. Study 1 demonstrated that many of the attributes of a German version of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory are no longer considered to differ in desirability for men and women. For the PN-SRI, Study 2 elicited attributes characterizing men and women in today's society, for which ratings of typicality and desirability as well as self-ratings by men and women were obtained in Study 3. Study 4 examined the reliability and factorial structure of the four subscales of positive and negative masculinity and femininity and demonstrated the construct and discriminant validity of the PN-SRI by showing that the negative masculinity and femininity scales were unique predictors of select validation constructs. Study 5 showed that the new instrument explained variance in the validation constructs beyond earlier measures of gender identity. Key message: Even in the construction of negative aspects of gender identity, individuals prefer gender-congruent attributes. Negative masculinity and femininity make a unique contribution to understanding gender-related differences in psychological outcome variables.
Y1 - 2013
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.1970
SN - 0046-2772
VL - 43
IS - 6
SP - 516
EP - 531
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Hoboken
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bender, Stephan
A1 - Rellum, Thomas
A1 - Freitag, Christine
A1 - Resch, Franz
A1 - Rietschel, Marcella
A1 - Treutlein, Jens
A1 - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1 - Brandeis, Daniel
A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1 - Laucht, Manfred
T1 - Dopamine inactivation efficacy related to functional DAT1 and COMT variants influences motor response evaluation
JF - PLoS one
N2 - Background: Dopamine plays an important role in orienting, response anticipation and movement evaluation. Thus, we examined the influence of functional variants related to dopamine inactivation in the dopamine transporter (DAT1) and catechol-O-methyltransferase genes (COMT) on the time-course of motor processing in a contingent negative variation (CNV) task.
Methods: 64-channel EEG recordings were obtained from 195 healthy adolescents of a community-based sample during a continuous performance task (A-X version). Early and late CNV as well as motor postimperative negative variation were assessed. Adolescents were genotyped for the COMT Val(158) Met and two DAT1 polymorphisms (variable number tandem repeats in the 3'-untranslated region and in intron 8).
Results: The results revealed a significant interaction between COMT and DAT1, indicating that COMT exerted stronger effects on lateralized motor post-processing (centro-parietal motor postimperative negative variation) in homozygous carriers of a DAT1 haplotype increasing DAT1 expression. Source analysis showed that the time interval 500-1000 ms after the motor response was specifically affected in contrast to preceding movement anticipation and programming stages, which were not altered.
Conclusions: Motor slow negative waves allow the genomic imaging of dopamine inactivation effects on cortical motor post-processing during response evaluation. This is the first report to point towards epistatic effects in the motor system during response evaluation, i.e. during the post-processing of an already executed movement rather than during movement programming.
Y1 - 2012
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037814
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 7
IS - 5
PB - PLoS
CY - San Fransisco
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bender, Stephan
A1 - Rellum, Thomas
A1 - Freitag, Christine
A1 - Resch, Franz
A1 - Rietschel, Marcella
A1 - Treutlein, Jens
A1 - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1 - Brandeis, Daniel
A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1 - Laucht, Manfred
T1 - Time-Resolved influences of functional DAT1 and COMT variants on visual perception and post-processing
JF - PLoS one
N2 - Background: Dopamine plays an important role in orienting and the regulation of selective attention to relevant stimulus characteristics. Thus, we examined the influences of functional variants related to dopamine inactivation in the dopamine transporter (DAT1) and catechol-O-methyltransferase genes (COMT) on the time-course of visual processing in a contingent negative variation (CNV) task.
Methods: 64-channel EEG recordings were obtained from 195 healthy adolescents of a community-based sample during a continuous performance task (A-X version). Early and late CNV as well as preceding visual evoked potential components were assessed.
Results: Significant additive main effects of DAT1 and COMT on the occipito-temporal early CNV were observed. In addition, there was a trend towards an interaction between the two polymorphisms. Source analysis showed early CNV generators in the ventral visual stream and in frontal regions. There was a strong negative correlation between occipito-temporal visual post-processing and the frontal early CNV component. The early CNV time interval 500-1000 ms after the visual cue was specifically affected while the preceding visual perception stages were not influenced.
Conclusions: Late visual potentials allow the genomic imaging of dopamine inactivation effects on visual post-processing. The same specific time-interval has been found to be affected by DAT1 and COMT during motor post-processing but not motor preparation. We propose the hypothesis that similar dopaminergic mechanisms modulate working memory encoding in both the visual and motor and perhaps other systems.
Y1 - 2012
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041552
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 7
IS - 7
PB - PLoS
CY - San Fransisco
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bender, Stephan
A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1 - Rößner, Veit
A1 - Klein, Christoph
A1 - Rietschel, Marcella
A1 - Feige, Bernd
A1 - Brandeis, Daniel
A1 - Laucht, Manfred
T1 - Variability of single trial brain activation predicts fluctuations in reaction time
JF - Biological psychology
N2 - Brain activation stability is crucial to understanding attention lapses. EEG methods could provide excellent markers to assess neuronal response variability with respect to temporal (intertrial coherence) and spatial variability (topographic consistency) as well as variations in activation intensity (low frequency variability of single trial global field power).
We calculated intertrial coherence, topographic consistency and low frequency amplitude variability during target P300 in a continuous performance test in 263 15-year-olds from a cohort with psychosocial and biological risk factors.
Topographic consistency and low frequency amplitude variability predicted reaction time fluctuations (RTSD) in a linear model. Higher RTSD was only associated with higher psychosocial adversity in the presence of the homozygous 6R-10R dopamine transporter haplotype.
We propose that topographic variability of single trial P300 reflects noise as well as variability in evoked cortical activation patterns. Dopaminergic neuromodulation interacted with environmental and biological risk factors to predict behavioural reaction time variability. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KW - Event related potential
KW - Haplotype
KW - Intertrial coherence
KW - Topographic consistency
KW - Low frequency amplitude variability
KW - Psychosocial stress
Y1 - 2015
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.01.013
SN - 0301-0511
SN - 1873-6246
VL - 106
SP - 50
EP - 60
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ben Othman, Aymen
A1 - Chaouachi, Anis
A1 - Chaouachi, Mehdi
A1 - Makhlouf, Issam
A1 - Farthing, Jonathan P.
A1 - Granacher, Urs
A1 - Behm, David George
T1 - Dominant and nondominant leg press training induce similar contralateral and ipsilateral limb training adaptations with children
JF - Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
N2 - Cross-education has been extensively investigated with adults. Adult studies report asymmetrical cross-education adaptations predominately after dominant limb training. The objective of the study was to examine unilateral leg press (LP) training of the dominant or nondominant leg on contralateral and ipsilateral strength and balance measures. Forty-two youth (10-13 years) were placed (random allocation) into a dominant (n = 15) or nondominant (n = 14) leg press training group or nontraining control (n = 13). Experimental groups trained 3 times per week for 8 weeks and were tested pre-/post-training for ipsilateral and contralateral 1-repetition maximum (RM) horizontal LP, maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of knee extensors (KE) and flexors (KF), countermovement jump (CMJ), triple hop test (THT), MVIC strength of elbow flexors (EF) and handgrip, as well as the stork and Y balance tests. Both dominant and nondominant LP training significantly (p < 0.05) increased both ipsilateral and contralateral lower body strength (LP 1RM (dominant: 59.6%-81.8%; nondominant: 59.5%-96.3%), KE MVIC (dominant: 12.4%-18.3%; nondominant: 8.6%-18.6%), KF MVIC (dominant: 7.9%-22.3%; nondominant: nonsignificant-3.8%), and power (CMJ: dominant: 11.1%-18.1%; nondominant: 7.7%-16.6%)). The exception was that nondominant LP training demonstrated a nonsignificant change with the contralateral KF MVIC. Other significant improvements were with nondominant LP training on ipsilateral EF 1RM (6.2%) and THT (9.6%). There were no significant changes with EF and handgrip MVIC. The contralateral leg stork balance test was impaired following dominant LP training. KF MVIC exhibited the only significant relative post-training to pretraining (post-test/pre-test) ratio differences between dominant versus nondominant LP cross-education training effects. In conclusion, children exhibit symmetrical cross-education or global training adaptations with unilateral training of dominant or nondominant upper leg.
KW - resistance training
KW - cross-education
KW - youth
KW - strength
KW - power
KW - balance
Y1 - 2019
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2018-0766
SN - 1715-5312
SN - 1715-5320
VL - 44
IS - 9
SP - 973
EP - 984
PB - NRC Research Press
CY - Ottawa
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Belschak, Frank D.
A1 - Den Hartog, Deanne N.
A1 - Fay, Doris
T1 - Exploring positive, negative and context-dependent aspects of proactive behaviours at work
N2 - This article is an introduction to the Special Section entitled 'Exploring positive, negative and context- dependent aspects of proactive behaviours at work' which features in this issue of Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology.
Y1 - 2010
UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)2044-8325
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1348/096317910x501143
SN - 0963-1798
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Belli, Francesco
A1 - Felisatti, Arianna
A1 - Fischer, Martin H.
T1 - "BreaThink"
BT - breathing affects production and perception of quantities
JF - Experimental brain research
N2 - Cognition is shaped by signals from outside and within the body. Following recent evidence of interoceptive signals modulating higher-level cognition, we examined whether breathing changes the production and perception of quantities. In Experiment 1, 22 adults verbally produced on average larger random numbers after inhaling than after exhaling. In Experiment 2, 24 further adults estimated the numerosity of dot patterns that were briefly shown after either inhaling or exhaling. Again, we obtained on average larger responses following inhalation than exhalation. These converging results extend models of situated cognition according to which higher-level cognition is sensitive to transient interoceptive states.
KW - breathing
KW - embodied cognition
KW - interoception
KW - numerical cognition
KW - situated cognition
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-021-06147-z
SN - 0014-4819
SN - 1432-1106
VL - 239
IS - 8
SP - 2489
EP - 2499
PB - Springer
CY - New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Behrend, Nicole
A1 - Warschburger, Petra
T1 - Validation of a German version of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2)
JF - Body image : an international journal of research
N2 - The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is the most current measure of body appreciation, a central facet of positive body image. This work aimed to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of a German version. In Study 1 (N = 659; M-age = 27.19, SD = 8.57), exploratory factor analyses (EFA) revealed that the German BAS-2 has a one-dimensional factor structure in women and men, showing cross-gender factor similarity. In Study 2 (N = 472; M-age = 30.08, SD = 12.35), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) further supported the original scale's one-dimensional factor structure after freeing correlated errors. The German BAS-2 also showed partial scalar invariance across gender, with women and men not differing significantly in latent mean scores. As predicted, we found convergent relationships with measures of self-esteem, intuitive eating, and variables associated with negative body image (i.e., weight-and shape concerns, drive for thinness). Correlations with BMI were small and in an inverse direction. Incremental validity was demonstrated by predicting self-esteem and intuitive eating over and above measures of negative body image. Additionally, the German BAS-2 showed internal consistency and 2-week test-retest reliability. Overall, our results suggest that the German BAS-2 is a psychometrically sound instrument.
KW - BAS-2
KW - Body appreciation
KW - Positive body image
KW - Validation
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.01.020
SN - 1740-1445
SN - 1873-6807
VL - 41
SP - 216
EP - 224
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Becker, Katja
A1 - El-Faddagh, Mahha
A1 - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1 - Esser, Günter
A1 - Laucht, Manfred
T1 - Interaction of dopamine transporter genotype with prenatal smoke exposure on ADHD symptoms
N2 - Objective To demonstrate that children homozygous for the 10-repeat allele of the common dopamine transporter (DAT1) polymorphism who were exposed to maternal prenatal smoke exhibited significantly higher hyperactivity-impulsivity than children without these environmental or genetic risks. Study design We performed a prospective longitudinal study from birth into early adulthood monitoring the long-term outcome of early risk factors. Maternal prenatal smoking was determined during a standardized interview with the mother when the child was 3 months old. At age 15 years, 305 adolescents participated in genotyping for the DAT1 40 base pair variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism and assessment of inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and oppositional defiant/conduct disorder symptoms with die Kiddie- Sads-Present and Lifetime Version. Results There was no bivariate association between DAT1 genotype, prenatal smoke exposure and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. However, a significant interaction between DAT1 genotype and prenatal smoke exposure emerged (P =.012), indicating that males with prenatal smoke exposure who were homozygous for the DAT1 10r allele had higher hyperactivity-impulsivity than males from all other groups. In females, no significant main effects of DAT1 genotype or prenatal smoke exposure or interaction effects on any symptoms were evident (all P >.25). Conclusions This study provides further evidence for the multifactorial nature of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the importance of studying both genetic and environmental factors and their interaction.
Y1 - 2008
SN - 0022-3476
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Becker, Katja
A1 - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1 - El-Faddagh, Mahha
A1 - Esser, Günter
A1 - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1 - Laucht, Manfred
T1 - From regulatory problems in infancy to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in childhood : a moderating role for the dopamine D4 receptor gene?
N2 - To examine whether the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) exon III VNTR moderates the risk of infants with regulatory disorders for developing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) later in childhood. In a prospective longitudinal study of children at risk for later psychopathology, 300 participants were assessed for regulatory problems in infancy, DRD4 genotype, and ADHD symptoms and diagnoses from childhood to adolescence. To examine a potential moderating effect on ADHD measures, linear and logistic regressions were computed. Models were fit for the main effects of the DRD4 genotype (presence or absence of the 7r allele) and regulatory problems (presence or absence), with the addition of the interaction term. All models were controlled for sex, family adversity, and obstetric risk status. In children without the DRD4-7r allele, a history of regulatory problems in infancy was unrelated to later ADHD. But in children with regulatory problems in infancy, the additional presence of the DRD4-7r allele increased the risk for ADHD in childhood. The DRD4 genotype seems to moderate the association between regulatory problems in infancy and later ADHD. A replication study is needed before further conclusions can be drawn, however.
Y1 - 2010
UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00223476
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.12.005
SN - 0022-3476
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bauer, Joachim
A1 - Stamm, Axel
A1 - Virnich, Katharina
A1 - Wissing, Karen
A1 - Müller, Udo
A1 - Wirsching, Michael
A1 - Schaarschmidt, Uwe
T1 - Correlation between burnout syndrome and psychological and psychosomatic symptoms among teachers
N2 - Objectives: Psychosomatic disorders and symptoms that correlate with the so-called burnout syndrome turned out to be the main cause of increasing rates of premature retirement of school teachers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between occupational burden and psychological strain of teachers who are still in work. Methods: A sample of 408 teachers at ten grammar schools (am: High school; German: Gymnasium) in south-western Germany was evaluated. To determine the styles of coping with occupational burden we used the measure of coping capacity questionnaire (MECCA). To analyse the psychopathological and psychosomatic symptom load we applied SCL 90 R questionnaire. Results: According to the MECCA questionnaire, 32.5% of the sample suffered from burnout (type B), 17.7% suffered severe strain (type A), 35.9% showed an unambitious (type S) and 13.8% showed a healthy-ambitious coping style (type G). Burnout was significantly higher among women, divorced teachers and teachers working part-time. As part of the MECCA, teachers were asked to rate what they regarded as the strongest factor resulting in occupational burden. Teachers indicated that, besides high numbers of pupils in one class, they regarded destructive and aggressive behaviour of pupils as the primary stress factor. According to the SCL 90 R, 20% of the sample showed a severe degree (defined as > 70 points in the SCL90R GSI) of psychological and psychosomatic symptoms. MECCA type B (burnout) correlated significantly with high psychological and psychosomatic symptom load according to the SCL90R. Conclusions: In school teachers, burnout syndrome, a construct that derived from occupational psychology and occupational medicine, is significantly correlated with psychological and psychosomatic symptoms. Teachers rate destructive and aggressive behaviour of pupils as the primary stress factor.
Y1 - 2006
UR - http://www.springerlink.com/content/101165
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-005-0050-y
SN - 0340-0131
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Barthelme, Simon
A1 - Trukenbrod, Hans Arne
A1 - Engbert, Ralf
A1 - Wichmann, Felix A.
T1 - Modeling fixation locations using spatial point processes
JF - Journal of vision
N2 - Whenever eye movements are measured, a central part of the analysis has to do with where subjects fixate and why they fixated where they fixated. To a first approximation, a set of fixations can be viewed as a set of points in space; this implies that fixations are spatial data and that the analysis of fixation locations can be beneficially thought of as a spatial statistics problem. We argue that thinking of fixation locations as arising from point processes is a very fruitful framework for eye-movement data, helping turn qualitative questions into quantitative ones. We provide a tutorial introduction to some of the main ideas of the field of spatial statistics, focusing especially on spatial Poisson processes. We show how point processes help relate image properties to fixation locations. In particular we show how point processes naturally express the idea that image features' predictability for fixations may vary from one image to another. We review other methods of analysis used in the literature, show how they relate to point process theory, and argue that thinking in terms of point processes substantially extends the range of analyses that can be performed and clarify their interpretation.
KW - eye movements
KW - fixation locations
KW - saliency
KW - modeling
KW - point process
KW - spatial statistics
Y1 - 2013
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1167/13.12.1
SN - 1534-7362
VL - 13
IS - 12
PB - Association for Research in Vision and Opthalmology
CY - Rockville
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bardi, Anat
A1 - Lee, Julie Anne
A1 - Hofmann-Towfigh, Nadi
A1 - Soutar, Geoffrey
T1 - The structure of intraindividual value change
N2 - Values are assumed to be relatively stable during adulthood. Yet, little research has examined value stability and change, and there are no studies on the structure of value change. On the basis of S. H. Schwartz's (1992) value theory, the authors propose that the structure of intraindividual value change mirrors the circumplexlike structure of values so that conflicting values change in opposite directions and compatible values change in the same direction. Four longitudinal studies, varying in life contexts, time gaps, populations, countries, languages, and value measures, supported the proposed structure of intraindividual value change. An increase in the importance of any one value is accompanied by slight increases in the importance of compatible values and by decreases in the importance of conflicting values. Thus, intraindividual changes in values are not chaotic, but occur in a way that maintains Schwartz's value structure. Furthermore, the greater the extent of life-changing events, the greater the value change found, whereas age was only a marginal negative predictor of value change when life events were taken into account. Implications for the structure of personality change are discussed.
Y1 - 2009
UR - http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/psp/index.aspx
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/A0016617
SN - 0022-3514
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bar, Hofit
A1 - Fischer, Martin H.
A1 - Algom, Daniel
T1 - On the linear representation of numbers
BT - Evidence from a new two-numbers-to-two positions task
JF - Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action
N2 - In the number-to-position methodology, a number is presented on each trial and the observer places it on a straight line in a position that corresponds to its felt subjective magnitude. In the novel modification introduced in this study, the two-numbers-to-two-positions method, a pair of numbers rather than a single number is presented on each trial and the observer places them in appropriate positions on the same line. Responses in this method indicate not only the subjective magnitude of each single number but, simultaneously, provide a direct estimation of their subjective numerical distance. The results of four experiments provide strong evidence for a linear representation of numbers and, commensurately, for the linear representation of numerical distances. We attribute earlier results that indicate a logarithmic representation to the ordered nature of numbers and to the task used and not to a truly non-linear underlying representation.
Y1 - 2018
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-018-1063-y
SN - 0340-0727
SN - 1430-2772
VL - 83
IS - 1
SP - 48
EP - 63
PB - Springer
CY - Heidelberg
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Baptista, Murilo da Silva
A1 - Bohn, Christiane
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1 - Engbert, Ralf
A1 - Kurths, Jürgen
T1 - Reconstruction of eye movements during blinks
Y1 - 2008
UR - http://chaos.aip.org/
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2890843
SN - 1054-1500
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Baltes, Paul B.
A1 - Sowarka, Doris
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1 - Cognitive training research on fluid intelligence in old age : what can older adults achieve by themselves?
N2 - Cognitive research on the plasticity of fluid intelligence has demonstrated that older adults benefit markedly from guided practice in cognitive skills and problem-solving strategies. We examined to what degree older adults are capable by themselves of achieving similar practice gains, focusing on the fluid ability of figural relations. A sample of 72 healthy older adults was assigned randomly to three conditions: control, tutor-guided training, self-guided training. Training time and training materials were held constant for the two training conditions. Posttraining performances were analyzed using a transfer of training paradigm in terms of three indicators: correct responses, accuracy, and level of item difficulty. The training programs were effective and produced a significant but narrow band of within-ability transfer. However, there was no difference between the two training groups. Older adults were shown to be capable of producing gains by themselves that were comparable to those obtained following tutor-guided training in the nature of test-relevant cognitive skills.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 152
Y1 - 1989
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-40297
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Baltes, Paul B.
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1 - Dittmann-Kohli, Freya
T1 - On the locus of training gains in research on the plasticity of fluid intelligence in old age
N2 - Cognitive training research has shown that many older adults have a substantial reserve capacity in fluid intelligence. Little is known, however, about the locus of plasticity. Two studies were conducted to examine whether training gains in fluid abilities are critically dependent on experimenter-guided training and/or whether older adults can achieve similar improvements by themselves on the basis of cognitive skills already available in their repertoire. Several comparisons were made: (a) between test performances after trainer-guided training in ability-specific cognitive skills and after self-guided retest practice (without feedback), (b) between performances under speeded and power conditions of assessment, (c) between performances on easy and difficult items, and (d) between the relative numbers of correct and wrong answers. Results suggest that a large share of the training improvement shown by the elderly can plausibly be explained as the result of the activation and practice of cognitive skills already available in their repertoire. The results also have implications for educational practice, pointing to the appropriateness of strategies of self-directed learning for many elderly adults.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 151
Y1 - 1988
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-40288
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Baltes, Paul B.
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1 - Further testing of limits of cognitive plasticity : negative age differences in a mnemonic skill are robust
N2 - Earlier testing-the-limits research on age differences in cognitive plasticity of a memory skill was extended by 18 additional assessment and training sessions to explore whether older adults were able to catch up with additional practice and improved training conditions. The focus was on the method of loci, which requires mental imagination to encode and retrieve lists of words from memory in serial order. Of the original 37 subjects, 35 (16 young, ranging from 20 to 30 years of age, and 19 older adults, ranging from 66 to 80 years of age) participated in the follow-up study. Older adults showed sizable performance deficits when compared with young adults and tested for limits of reserve capacity. The negative age difference was substantial, resistant to extensive practice, and applied to all subjects studied. The primary origin for this negative age difference may be a loss in the production and use of mental imagination for operations of the mind.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 159
Y1 - 1992
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-40373
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Baltes, Paul B.
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1 - On the dynamics between growth and decline in the aging of intelligence and memory
N2 - Content: - Different Intellectual Abilities Age Differently - Cultural Change and Interindividual Variability in Aging - Cognitive Intervention Research on Plasticity in Old Age * Psychological Evidence * Brain-Physiological Evidence - Age Differences and Testing-the-Limits - Conclusions - Summary
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 171
Y1 - 1986
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41116
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Baltes, Paul B.
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1 - Further testing of limits of cognitive plasticity : negative age differences in a mnemonic skill are robust
Y1 - 1992
SN - 0012-1649
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Baltes, Paul B.
A1 - Dittmann-Kohli, Freya
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1 - Reserve capacity of the elderly in aging-sensitive tests of fluid intelligence : replication and extension
N2 - Fluid intelligence belongs to that cluster of intellectual abilities evincing aging loss. To examine further the range of intellectual reserve available to aging individuals and the question of replicability in a new cultural and laboratory setting, 204 healthy older adults (mean age = 72 years; range = 60-86) participated in a short-term longitudinal training study. For experimental subjects, 10 sessions consisted of cognitive training involving two subability tests (Figural Relations, Induction) of fluid intelligence. The pattern of outcomes replicates and expands on earlier studies. Older adults have the reserve to evince substantial increases in levels of performance in fluid intelligence tests. Transfer of training, however, is narrow in scope. Training also increases accuracy of performance and the ability to solve more difficult test items. Difficulty level was estimated in a separate study, with a comparable sample of N = 112 elderly adults. Future research is suggested to examine whether intellectual reserve extends to near-maximum levels of performance.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 143
Y1 - 1986
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-39939
ER -
TY - THES
A1 - Balt, Miriam
T1 - Assessment of early numeracy development
BT - contributions to designing a progression-based instrument to monitor learning
N2 - Early numeracy is one of the strongest predictors for later success in school mathematics (e.g., Duncan et al., 2007). The main goal of first grade mathematics teachers should therefore be to provide learning opportunities that enable all students to develop sound early numeracy skills. Developmental models, or learning progressions, can describe how early numerical understanding typically develops. Assessments that are aligned to empirically validated learning progressions can support teachers to understand their students learning better and target instruction accordingly. To date, there have been no progression-based instruments made available for German teachers to monitor their students’ progress in the domain of early numeracy. This dissertation contributes to the design of such an instrument. The first study analysed the suitability of early numeracy assessments currently used in German primary schools at school entry to identify students’ individual starting points for subsequent progress monitoring. The second study described the development of progression-based items and investigated the items in regards to main test quality criteria, such as reliability, validity, and test fairness, to find a suitable item pool to build targeted tests. The third study described the construction of the progress monitoring measure, referred to as the learning progress assessment (LPA). The study investigated the extent to which the LPA was able to monitor students’ individual learning progress in early numeracy over time. The results of the first study indicated that current school entry assessments were not able to provide meaningful information about the students’ initial learning status. Thus, the MARKO-D test (Ricken, Fritz, & Balzer, 2013) was used to determine the students’ initial numerical understanding in the other two studies, because it has been shown to be an effective measure of conceptual numerical understanding (Fritz, Ehlert, & Leutner, 2018). Both studies provided promising evidence for the quality of the LPA and its ability to detect changes in numerical understanding over the course of first grade. The studies of this dissertation can be considered an important step in the process of designing an empirically validated instrument that supports teachers to monitor their students’ early numeracy development and to adjust their teaching accordingly to enhance school achievement.
N2 - Frühes mengen- und zahlenbezogenes Wissen (early numeracy) ist einer der stärksten Prädiktoren für spätere Lernerfolge in der Schulmathematik. Hauptziel der Mathematiklehrkräfte der ersten Klassen sollte es daher sein, Lernmöglichkeiten anzubieten, die es allen Schüler*innen erlauben, fundierte mengen- und zahlenbezogene Fähigkeiten zu erwerben. Entwicklungsmodelle (learning progressions) beschreiben, wie sich frühes mengen- und zahlenbezogenes Verständnis typischerweise entwickelt. Diagnostische Tests (assessments), die sich an empirisch validierten Entwicklungsmodellen orientieren, können Lehrkräfte dabei unterstützen, die Leistungen ihrer Schüler*innen besser einzuschätzen und den Unterricht entsprechend darauf anzupassen. Bislang gibt es keine entwicklungsbasierten Instrumente, mit denen deutsche Lehrkräfte die Lernfortschritte ihrer Schüler*innen im Bereich des frühen mengen- und zahlenbezogenen Wissens erfassen können. Diese Dissertation trägt zur Gestaltung eines solchen Instruments bei. Die erste Studie untersucht, inwiefern sich derzeit an deutschen Grundschulen eingesetzte Instrumente zur mathematischen Schuleingangs-diagnostik dafür eignen, das individuelle Ausgangsniveau der Schüler*innen für eine anschließende Lernverlaufsdiagnostik zu bestimmen. In der zweiten Studie wird die Konstruktion von entwicklungsorientierten Items beschrieben. Es wurde untersucht, inwiefern die Items die Testgütekriterien Reliabilität, Validität und Testfairness erfüllen, um einen Item-Pool aufzubauen, der für adaptives Testen eingesetzt werden kann. Die dritte Studie beschreibt die Konstruktion einer Lernverlaufsdiagnostik, learning progress assessment genannt (LPA) und untersucht, inwieweit das LPA die individuellen Lernfortschritte der Schüler*innen hinsichtlich früher arithmetischer Konzepte im Verlauf der ersten Klasse erfassen kann. Die Ergebnisse der ersten Studie zeigten, dass die derzeit an den Grundschulen eingesetzten Verfahren zur Schuleingangsdiagnostik keine aussagekräftigen Informationen über die Erfassung von Lernausgangslagen zulassen. Daher wurde in den beiden anderen Studien der MARKO-D verwendet, um das arithmetische Wissen der Schüler*innen zum Schulanfang zu erfassen. Beide Studien liefern belastbare Evidenz für die Qualität des LPA und dessen Fähigkeit, Veränderung hinsichtlich arithmetischen Wissens im Laufe der ersten Klasse zu messen. Die in dieser Dissertation vorgestellten Studien können als wichtiger Schritt zur Entwicklung eines empirisch validierten Instruments betrachtet werden, das Lehrkräfte dabei unterstützt, die Entwicklung frühen mengen- und zahlenbezogenen Wissens zu erfassen und ihren Unterricht entsprechend anzupassen und damit den Lernerfolg der Schüler*innen zu fördern.
KW - assessment
KW - learning progression
KW - early numeracy
KW - primary school
KW - mathematics
KW - Diagnostik
KW - Lernverlauf
KW - numerische Basisfähigkeiten
KW - Grundschule
KW - Mathematik
Y1 - 2020
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Balbi, María Alejandra
A1 - von Hagen, Alexa
A1 - Cuadro, Ariel
A1 - Ruiz, Carola
T1 - A systematic review on early literacy interventions
T1 - Revisión sistemática sobre intervenciones en alfabetización temprana
BT - implications for interventions in Spanish
BT - implicancias para intervenir en español
JF - Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología
N2 - An area of increasing interest amongst teachers and researchers is the availability of tools for the design and implementation of literacy interventions with Spanish speaking children. The present systematic literature review contributes to this need by summarizing available findings on evidence-based literacy interventions (EBI) for children from first to third year of primary school. Our results are based on 20 EBI that aimed at improving at least one of the critical components mentioned by the NRP (2000): phonological awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary and comprehension. As 90% of the studies were completed with English-speaking children, we critically discussed the applicability of this evidence to the specific context of Spanish-speaking countries. Although many of the general characteristics of the EBI completed with English speaking children could also guide interventions in Spanish, it remains crucial to take into account structural differences between the orthographies of both languages. Moreover, we identified transversal strategies and implementation techniques that due to their universal character could also be useful for early literacy interventions in Spanish. (c) 2018 Fundacion Universitaria Konrad Lorenz. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync-nd/4.0/).
N2 - Contar con herramientas para el diseño y la implementación de intervenciones en alfabetización con niños hispanohablantes reúne cada vez mayor interés entre docentes e investigadores. Para contribuir a esta demanda, realizamos una revisión sistemática con el objetivo de sintetizar la información disponible sobre intervenciones basadas en la evidencia (IBE) con niños de primero a tercer grado escolar. Nuestros resultados recogen información sobre 20 IBE, que buscaron mejorar al menos uno de los siguientes componentes críticos nombrados por el NRP (2000): conciencia fonológica, principio alfabético, fluidez, vocabulario y comprensión. Dado que el 90% de ellos fue realizado con niños angloparlantes nos dedicamos a discutir críticamente la aplicabilidad de esta evidencia al contexto particular de países hispanohablantes. Si bien muchas de las características generales de las IBE implementadas en inglés podrían servir de guía para intervenir en español, resulta imprescindible tener en cuenta las diferencias estructurales en la ortografía de ambas lenguas. A su vez, identificamos estrategias transversales y técnicas de implementación en las IBE, que por su carácter universal podrían ser de utilidad práctica también para intervenir en el desarrollo lector en español.
KW - early literacy
KW - evidence-based interventions (EBI)
KW - reading
KW - systematic review
KW - superficial orthography
Y1 - 2018
U6 - https://doi.org/10.14349/rlp.2018.v50.n1.4
SN - 0120-0534
VL - 50
IS - 1
SP - 31
EP - 48
PB - Foundation advancement psychology
CY - Bogota
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bakhshayesh, Ali Reza
A1 - Hänsch, Sylvana
A1 - Wyschkon, Anne
A1 - Rezai, Mohammad Javad
A1 - Esser, Günter
T1 - Neurofeedback in ADHD : a single-blind randomized controlled trial
N2 - Neurofeedback treatment has been demonstrated to reduce inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, previous studies did not adequately control confounding variables or did not employ a randomized reinforcer-controlled design. This study addresses those methodological shortcomings by comparing the effects of the following two matched biofeedback training variants on the primary symptoms of ADHD: EEG neurofeedback (NF) aiming at theta/beta ratio reduction and EMG biofeedback (BF) aiming at forehead muscle relaxation. Thirty-five children with ADHD (26 boys, 9 girls; 6-14 years old) were randomly assigned to either the therapy group (NF; n = 18) or the control group (BF; n = 17). Treatment for both groups consisted of 30 sessions. Pre- and post-treatment assessment consisted of psychophysiological measures, behavioural rating scales completed by parents and teachers, as well as psychometric measures. Training effectively reduced theta/beta ratios and EMG levels in the NF and BF groups, respectively. Parents reported significant reductions in primary ADHD symptoms, and inattention improvements in the NF group were higher compared to the control intervention (BF, dcorr = -.94). NF training also improved attention and reaction times on the psychometric measures. The results indicate that NF effectively reduced inattention symptoms on parent rating scales and reaction time in neuropsychological tests. However, regarding hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms, the results imply that non-specific factors, such as behavioural contingencies, self-efficacy, structured learning environment and feed-forward processes, may also contribute to the positive behavioural effects induced by neurofeedback training.
Y1 - 2011
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bakhshayesh, Ali Reza
A1 - Hänsch, Sylvana
A1 - Wyschkon, Anne
A1 - Rezai, Mohammad Javad
A1 - Esser, Günter
T1 - Neurofeedback in ADHD a single-blind randomized controlled trial
JF - European child and adolescent psychiatry : offical journal of the European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
N2 - Neurofeedback treatment has been demonstrated to reduce inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, previous studies did not adequately control confounding variables or did not employ a randomized reinforcer-controlled design. This study addresses those methodological shortcomings by comparing the effects of the following two matched biofeedback training variants on the primary symptoms of ADHD: EEG neurofeedback (NF) aiming at theta/beta ratio reduction and EMG biofeedback (BF) aiming at forehead muscle relaxation. Thirty-five children with ADHD (26 boys, 9 girls; 6-14 years old) were randomly assigned to either the therapy group (NF; n = 18) or the control group (BF; n = 17). Treatment for both groups consisted of 30 sessions. Pre- and post-treatment assessment consisted of psychophysiological measures, behavioural rating scales completed by parents and teachers, as well as psychometric measures. Training effectively reduced theta/beta ratios and EMG levels in the NF and BF groups, respectively. Parents reported significant reductions in primary ADHD symptoms, and inattention improvements in the NF group were higher compared to the control intervention (BF, d(corr) = -.94). NF training also improved attention and reaction times on the psychometric measures. The results indicate that NF effectively reduced inattention symptoms on parent rating scales and reaction time in neuropsychological tests. However, regarding hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms, the results imply that non-specific factors, such as behavioural contingencies, self-efficacy, structured learning environment and feed-forward processes, may also contribute to the positive behavioural effects induced by neurofeedback training.
KW - Biofeedback
KW - Neurofeedback
KW - EMG biofeedback
KW - ADHD
KW - Single-blind
Y1 - 2011
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-011-0208-y
SN - 1018-8827
VL - 20
IS - 9
SP - 481
EP - 491
PB - Springer
CY - New York
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Backhaus, Daniel
A1 - Engbert, Ralf
A1 - Rothkegel, Lars Oliver Martin
A1 - Trukenbrod, Hans Arne
T1 - Task-dependence in scene perception: Head unrestrained viewing using mobile eye-tracking
T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2 - Real-world scene perception is typically studied in the laboratory using static picture viewing with restrained head position. Consequently, the transfer of results obtained in this paradigm to real-word scenarios has been questioned. The advancement of mobile eye-trackers and the progress in image processing, however, permit a more natural experimental setup that, at the same time, maintains the high experimental control from the standard laboratory setting. We investigated eye movements while participants were standing in front of a projector screen and explored images under four specific task instructions. Eye movements were recorded with a mobile eye-tracking device and raw gaze data were transformed from head-centered into image-centered coordinates. We observed differences between tasks in temporal and spatial eye-movement parameters and found that the bias to fixate images near the center differed between tasks. Our results demonstrate that current mobile eye-tracking technology and a highly controlled design support the study of fine-scaled task dependencies in an experimental setting that permits more natural viewing behavior than the static picture viewing paradigm.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 871
KW - scene viewing
KW - real-world scenarios
KW - mobile eye-tracking
KW - task influence
KW - central fixation bias
Y1 - 2020
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-519124
SN - 1866-8364
IS - 5
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Backhaus, Daniel
A1 - Engbert, Ralf
A1 - Rothkegel, Lars Oliver Martin
A1 - Trukenbrod, Hans Arne
T1 - Task-dependence in scene perception: Head unrestrained viewing using mobile eye-tracking
JF - Journal of vision
N2 - Real-world scene perception is typically studied in the laboratory using static picture viewing with restrained head position. Consequently, the transfer of results obtained in this paradigm to real-word scenarios has been questioned. The advancement of mobile eye-trackers and the progress in image processing, however, permit a more natural experimental setup that, at the same time, maintains the high experimental control from the standard laboratory setting. We investigated eye movements while participants were standing in front of a projector screen and explored images under four specific task instructions. Eye movements were recorded with a mobile eye-tracking device and raw gaze data were transformed from head-centered into image-centered coordinates. We observed differences between tasks in temporal and spatial eye-movement parameters and found that the bias to fixate images near the center differed between tasks. Our results demonstrate that current mobile eye-tracking technology and a highly controlled design support the study of fine-scaled task dependencies in an experimental setting that permits more natural viewing behavior than the static picture viewing paradigm.
KW - scene viewing
KW - real-world scenarios
KW - mobile eye-tracking
KW - task
KW - influence
KW - central fixation bias
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.20.5.3
SN - 1534-7362
VL - 20
IS - 5
SP - 1
EP - 21
PB - Association for Research in Vision and Opthalmology
CY - Rockville
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bachem, Rahel
A1 - Scherf, Johanna
A1 - Levin, Yafit
A1 - Solomon, Zahava
T1 - Double Jeopardy
BT - the effect of multiple secondary trauma exposure on subjective age
JF - Journal of Loss and Trauma
N2 - The present study investigates whether secondary traumatization (i.e., family history of Holocaust survival and secondary exposure to captivity) is implicated in subjective age. Women exposed to different levels of secondary traumatization (N = 177) were assessed. Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) revealed that a Holocaust background and husband's captivity had a marginally significant positive effect on age appearance. Women with a Holocaust background whose husbands were held captive reported older interest age, indicating double jeopardy for older subjective age when two sources of secondary traumatization are present. A similar trend existed for behavior age. Possible explanations for these complex findings of risk and resilience are discussed.
KW - Second-generation Holocaust survivors
KW - secondary traumatization
KW - intergenerational trauma transmission
KW - cognitive age
Y1 - 2019
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2018.1560663
SN - 1532-5024
SN - 1532-5032
VL - 24
IS - 3
SP - 251
EP - 260
PB - Taylor & Francis Group
CY - Philadelphia
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ay-Bryson, Destina Sevde
A1 - Weck, Florian
A1 - Kühne, Franziska
T1 - Can simulated patient encounters appear authentic?
BT - development and pilot results of a rating instrument based on the portrayal of depressive patients
JF - Training and education in professional psychology
N2 - Public Significance Statement This study demonstrates that simulated patients (SPs) can authentically portray a depressive case. The results provide preliminary evidence of psychometrically sound properties of the rating scale that contributes to distinguishing between authentic and unauthentic SPs and may thus foster SPs' dissemination into evidence-based training.
For training purposes, simulated patients (SPs), that is, healthy people portraying a disorder, are disseminating more into clinical psychology and psychotherapy. In the current study, we developed an observer-based rating instrument for the evaluation of SP authenticity-namely, it not being possible to distinguish them from real patients-so as to foster their use in evidence-based training. We applied a multistep inductive approach to develop the Authenticity of Patient Demonstrations (APD) scale. Ninety-seven independent psychotherapy trainees, 77.32% female, mean age of 31.49 (SD = 5.17) years, evaluated the authenticity of 2 independent SPs, each of whom portrayed a depressive patient. The APD demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .83) and a strong correlation (r = .82) with an established tool for assessing SP performance in medical contexts. The APD scale distinguished significantly between an authentic and unauthentic SP (d = 2.35). Preliminary evidence for the psychometric properties of the APD indicates that the APD could be a viable tool for recruiting, training, and evaluating the authenticity of SPs. Strengths, limitations, and future directions are also discussed in detail.
KW - authenticity
KW - evidence-based training
KW - standardized patients
KW - role-play
KW - mental disorders
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/tep0000349
SN - 1931-3918
SN - 1931-3926
VL - 16
IS - 1
SP - 20
EP - 27
PB - American Psychological Association
CY - Washington
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ay-Bryson, Destina Sevde
A1 - Weck, Florian
A1 - Heinze, Peter Eric
A1 - Lang, Thomas
A1 - Kühne, Franziska
T1 - Can psychotherapy trainees distinguish standardized patients from real patients?
T1 - Können Psychotherapeut*innen in Ausbildung standardisierte Patient*innen von realen Patient*innen unterscheiden?
BT - a pilot study
BT - Ergebnisse einer Pilotstudie
JF - Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie
N2 - Background:
Under the new psychotherapy law in Germany, standardized patients (SPs) are to become a standard component inpsychotherapy training, even though little is known about their authenticity.Objective:The present pilot study explored whether, followingan exhaustive two-day SP training, psychotherapy trainees can distinguish SPs from real patients.
Methods:
Twenty-eight psychotherapytrainees (M= 28.54 years of age,SD= 3.19) participated as blind raters. They evaluated six video-recorded therapy segments of trained SPsand real patients using the Authenticity of Patient Demonstrations Scale.
Results:
The authenticity scores of real patients and SPs did notdiffer (p= .43). The descriptive results indicated that the highest score of authenticity was given to an SP. Further, the real patients did notdiffer significantly from the SPs concerning perceived impairment (p= .33) and the likelihood of being a real patient (p= .52).
Conclusions:
The current results suggest that psychotherapy trainees were unable to distinguish the SPs from real patients. We therefore stronglyrecommend incorporating training SPs before application. Limitations and future research directions are discussed.
N2 - Theoretischer Hintergrund:
Mit dem neu eingeführten Direktstudium für zukünftige Psychotherapeut_innen (PiA) wirdder Einsatz von standardisierten Patient_innen (SP) in der Lehre zunehmen, obwohl die Authentizität der Rollendarstellungen durch SPempirisch bislang kaum untersucht wurde. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es daher zu untersuchen, ob SP trainiert werden können, dassPsychotherapeut_innen in Ausbildung (PiA) SP von realen Patient_innen nicht unterscheiden können.
Methode:
Insgesamt nahmen 28 PiA(M= 28.54 Jahre,SD= 3.19) als verblindete Rater teil. Sie haben sechs Therapiesitzungen von trainierten SP und realen Patient_innen mitder Skala Authentizität von Patientendarstellungen bewertet.
Ergebnisse:
Die Authentizitätswerte von SP unterschieden sich nicht signifi-kant von realen Patient_innen (p= .43). Deskriptive Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass ein SP im Schnitt am authentischsten bewertet wurde.Darüber hinaus unterschieden sich SP und reale Patient_innen nicht hinsichtlich der wahrgenommenen Beeinträchtigung (p= .33) sowie derWahrscheinlichkeit, als reale/r Patient_in bewertet zu werden (p= .52).
Fazit:
Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass PiA SP vonrealen Patient_innen nicht unterscheiden konnten. Daher legen wir ein ausführliches Training der SP nahe, bevor sie für Studium und Lehreeingesetzt werden. Die Limitationen sowie zukünftige Forschungsideen werden diskutiert.
KW - evidence-based training
KW - learning
KW - simulated patients
KW - simulation-based
KW - education
KW - therapist competence
KW - evidenzbasiertes Training
KW - Lernen
KW - Simulationspatient_innen
KW - simulationsbasierte Lehre
KW - therapeutische
KW - Kompetenz
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000594
SN - 1616-3443
SN - 2190-6297
VL - 49
IS - 3
SP - 182
EP - 190
PB - Hogrefe
CY - Göttingen
ER -
TY - THES
A1 - Ay-Bryson, Destina Sevde
T1 - The authenticity of simulated patients in psychotherapy training and research
T1 - Die Authentizität von Simulationspatienten in der Psychotherapieausbildung und -forschung
N2 - Mental health problems are highly prevalent worldwide. Fortunately, psychotherapy has proven highly effective in the treatment of a number of mental health issues, such as depression and anxiety disorders. In contrast, psychotherapy training as is practised currently cannot be considered evidence-based. Thus, there is much room for improvement. The integration of simulated patients (SPs) into psychotherapy training and research is on the rise. SPs originate from the medical education and have, in a number of studies, been demonstrated to contribute to effective learning environments. Nevertheless, there has been voiced criticism regarding the authenticity of SP portrayals, but few studies have examined this to date.
Based on these considerations, this dissertation explores SPs’ authenticity while portraying a mental disorder, depression. Altogether, the present cumulative dissertation consists of three empirical papers. At the time of printing, Paper I and Paper III have been accepted for publication, and Paper II is under review after a minor revision.
First, Paper I develops and validates an observer-based rating-scale to assess SP authenticity in psychotherapeutic contexts. Based on the preliminary findings, it can be concluded that the Authenticity of Patient Demonstrations scale is a reliable and valid tool that can be used for recruiting, training, and evaluating the authenticity of SPs.
Second, Paper II tests whether student SPs are perceived as more authentic after they receive an in-depth role-script compared to those SPs who only receive basic information on the patient case. To test this assumption, a randomised controlled study design was implemented and the hypothesis could be confirmed. As a consequence, when engaging SPs, an in-depth role-script with details, e.g. on nonverbal behaviour and feelings of the patient, should be provided.
Third, Paper III demonstrates that psychotherapy trainees cannot distinguish between trained SPs and real patients and therefore suggests that, with proper training, SPs are a promising training method for psychotherapy.
Altogether, the dissertation shows that SPs can be trained to portray a depressive patient authentically and thus delivers promising evidence for the further dissemination of SPs.
N2 - Psychotherapie gilt als hoch wirksame Behandlung von psychischen Störungen, wie Depressionen oder Angststörungen. Trotz verpflichtender Psychotherapieausbildung zur Befähigung psychotherapeutischer Behandlungen gibt es wenig Evidenz, welche Methoden dem effektiven Training von angehenden Psychotherapeut*innen dienen. Eine Lösung besteht im Einsatz von Simulationspatient*innen (SPs) in der Psychotherapieausbildung sowie -forschung als nachweislich effektive Lehrmethode. Dabei werden jedoch SPs für ihren Mangel an Authentizität kritisiert, wobei ungenügend Studien diesen Aspekt direkt untersuchten.
Daher war es Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation, die Authentizität von SPs, während sie eine psychische Störung (d.h. Depression) simulieren, zu untersuchen. Die vorliegende kumulative Dissertation basiert auf drei empirischen Arbeiten. Zum Zeitpunkt der Einreichung der Dissertation wurden Paper I und Paper III nach erfolgreichem Peer-Review in Fachzeitschriften zur Veröffentlichung angenommen, Paper II befindet sich nach einer Minor Revision im Peer-Review.
In Paper I wurde die Skala Authentizität von Patientendarstellungen zur Erfassung von Authentizität von SPs, die psychische Störungen darstellen, entwickelt und validiert. Die Ratingskala weist gute psychometrische Gütekriterien auf und ist für den Einsatz in Forschung und Praxis geeignet.
In Paper II wurde mittels einer randomisiert kontrollierten Studie demonstriert, dass die Ausarbeitung von Rollenanleitungen von SPs für deren Darstellung relevant ist: Studierende, die als SPs fungierten, wurden authentischer wahrgenommen, wenn sie eine detaillierte Rollenanleitung erhielten als jene SPs, die eine einfache Rollenanleitung erhielten.
In Paper III konnte gezeigt werden, dass Psychotherapeut*innen in Ausbildung reale Patient*innen von trainierten SPs nicht unterscheiden konnten. Der Einsatz von SPs ist demzufolge eine vielversprechende Trainingsmethode der Psychotherapie.
Insgesamt stellt die vorliegende Dissertation dar, dass SPs trainiert werden können, Patient*innen mit Depressionen authentisch darzustellen. Die Arbeit liefert erfolgsversprechende Ergebnisse für die weitere Dissemination von SPs im Ausbildungskontext der Psychotherapie.
KW - Simulationspatienten
KW - Ausbildungsforschung
KW - Psychotherapieforschung
KW - Authentizität
KW - standardisierte Patienten
KW - simulated patients
KW - training research
KW - psychotherapy research
KW - authenticity
KW - standardised patients
Y1 - 2021
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-533735
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Austin, Gina
A1 - Groppe, Karoline
A1 - Elsner, Birgit
T1 - The reciprocal relationship between executive function and theory of mind in middle childhood: a 1-year longitudinal perspective
JF - Frontiers in psychology
N2 - There is robust evidence showing a link between executive function (EF) and theory of mind (ToM) in 3-to 5-year-olds. However, it is unclear whether this relationship extends to middle childhood. In addition, there has been much discussion about the nature of this relationship. Whereas some authors claim that ToM is needed for EF, others argue that ToM requires EF. To date, however, studies examining the longitudinal relationship between distinct sub components of EF [i.e., attention shifting, working memory (WM) updating, inhibition] and ToM in middle childhood are rare. The present study examined (1) the relationship between three EF subcomponents (attention shifting, WM updating, inhibition) and ToM in middle childhood, and (2) the longitudinal reciprocal relationships between the EF subcomponents and ToM across a 1-year period. EF and ToM measures were assessed experimentally in a sample of 1,657 children (aged 6-11 years) at time point one (t1) and 1 year later at time point two (t2). Results showed that the concurrent relationships between all three EF subcomponents and ToM pertained in middle childhood at t1 and t2, respectively, even when age, gender, and fluid intelligence were partialle dout. Moreover, cross-lagged structural equation modeling (again, controlling for age, gender, and fluid intelligence, as well as for the earlier levels of the target variables), revealed partial support for the view that early ToM predictslater EF, but stronger evidence for the assumption that early EF predictslater ToM. The latter was found for attention shifting and WM updating, but not for inhibition. This reveals the importance of studying the exact interplay of ToM and EF across childhood development, especially with regard to different EF subcomponents. Most likely, understanding others' mental states at different levels of perspective-taking requires specific EF subcomponents, suggesting developmental change in the relations between EF and ToM across childhood.
KW - executive function
KW - theory of mind
KW - longitudinal
KW - middle childhood
KW - attention shifting
KW - inhibition
KW - working memory updating
Y1 - 2014
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00655
SN - 1664-1078
VL - 5
PB - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Austin, Gina
A1 - Bondü, Rebecca
A1 - Elsner, Birgit
T1 - Executive function, theory of mind, and conduct-problem symptoms in middle childhood
JF - Frontiers in psychology
N2 - Studies show relations between executive function (EF), Theory of Mind (ToM), and conduct-problem (CP) symptoms. However, many studies have involved cross-sectional data, small clinical samples, pre-school children, and/or did not consider potential mediation effects. The present study examined the longitudinal relations between EF, ToM abilities, and CP symptoms in a population-based sample of 1,657 children between 6 and 11 years (T1: M = 8.3 years, T2: M = 9.1 years; 51.9% girls). We assessed EF skills and ToM abilities via computerized tasks at first measurement (T1), CP symptoms were rated via parent questionnaires at T1 and approximately 1 year later (T2). Structural-equation models showed a negative relation between T1 EF and T2 CP symptoms even when controlling for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and other variables. This relation was fully mediated by T1 ToM abilities. The study shows how children's abilities to control their thoughts and behaviors and to understand others' mental states interact in the development of CP symptoms.
KW - executive functions
KW - theory of mind
KW - conduct-problem symptoms
KW - middle
KW - childhood
KW - longitudinal
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00539
SN - 1664-1078
VL - 11
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Asselmann, Eva
A1 - Holst, Elke
A1 - Specht, Jule
T1 - Longitudinal bidirectional associations between personality and becoming a leader
JF - Journal of personality
N2 - Objective
Leaders differ in their personalities from non-leaders. However, when do these differences emerge? Are leaders "born to be leaders" or does their personality change in preparation for a leadership role and due to increasing leadership experience?
Method
Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study, we examined personality differences between leaders (N = 2683 leaders, women: n = 967; 36.04%) and non-leaders (N = 33,663) as well as personality changes before and after becoming a leader.
Results
Already in the years before starting a leadership position, leaders-to-be were more extraverted, open, emotionally stable, conscientious, and willing to take risks, felt to have greater control, and trusted others more than non-leaders. Moreover, personality changed in emergent leaders: While approaching a leadership position, leaders-to-be (especially men) became gradually more extraverted, open, and willing to take risks and felt to have more control over their life. After becoming a leader, they became less extraverted, less willing to take risks, and less conscientious but gained self-esteem.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that people are not simply "born to be leaders" but that their personalities change considerably in preparation for a leadership role and due to leadership experience. Some changes are transient, but others last for a long time.
KW - Big Five
KW - development
KW - leadership
KW - manager
KW - occupational success
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12719
SN - 0022-3506
SN - 1467-6494
VL - 91
IS - 2
SP - 285
EP - 298
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Boston, Mass. [u.a.]
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Asendorpf, Jens B.
A1 - Conner, Mark
A1 - De Fruyt, Filip
A1 - De Houwer, Jan
A1 - Denissen, Jaap J. A.
A1 - Fiedler, Klaus
A1 - Fiedler, Susann
A1 - Funder, David C.
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1 - Nosek, Brian A.
A1 - Perugini, Marco
A1 - Roberts, Brent W.
A1 - Schmitt, Manfred
A1 - vanAken, Marcel A. G.
A1 - Weber, Hannelore
A1 - Wicherts, Jelte M.
T1 - Recommendations for increasing replicability in psychology
JF - European journal of personality
N2 - Replicability of findings is at the heart of any empirical science. The aim of this article is to move the current replicability debate in psychology towards concrete recommendations for improvement. We focus on research practices but also offer guidelines for reviewers, editors, journal management, teachers, granting institutions, and university promotion committees, highlighting some of the emerging and existing practical solutions that can facilitate implementation of these recommendations. The challenges for improving replicability in psychological science are systemic. Improvement can occur only if changes are made at many levels of practice, evaluation, and reward.
KW - replicability
KW - confirmation bias
KW - publication bias
KW - generalizability
KW - research transparency
Y1 - 2013
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/per.1919
SN - 0890-2070
VL - 27
IS - 2
SP - 108
EP - 119
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Hoboken
ER -
TY - INPR
A1 - Asendorpf, Jens B.
A1 - Conner, Mark
A1 - De Fruyt, Filip
A1 - De Houwer, Jan
A1 - Denissen, Jaap J. A.
A1 - Fiedler, Klaus
A1 - Fiedler, Susann
A1 - Funder, David C.
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1 - Nosek, Brian A.
A1 - Perugini, Marco
A1 - Roberts, Brent W.
A1 - Schmitt, Manfred
A1 - Van Aken, Marcel A. G.
A1 - Weber, Hannelore
A1 - Wicherts, Jelte M.
T1 - Replication is more than hitting the lottery twice
T2 - European journal of personality
N2 - The main goal of our target article was to provide concrete recommendations for improving the replicability of research findings. Most of the comments focus on this point. In addition, a few comments were concerned with the distinction between replicability and generalizability and the role of theory in replication. We address all comments within the conceptual structure of the target article and hope to convince readers that replication in psychological science amounts to much more than hitting the lottery twice.
Y1 - 2013
SN - 0890-2070
VL - 27
IS - 2
SP - 138
EP - 144
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Hoboken
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Arslan, Seckin
A1 - Felser, Claudia
T1 - Comprehension of wh-questions in Turkish-German bilinguals with aphasia
BT - a dual-case study
JF - Clinical linguistics & phonetics
N2 - The aim of our study was to examine the extent to which linguistic approaches to sentence comprehension deficits in aphasia can account for differential impairment patterns in the comprehension of wh-questions in bilingual persons with aphasia (PWA). We investigated the comprehension of subject and object wh-questions in both Turkish, a wh-in-situ language, and German, a wh-fronting language, in two bilingual PWA using a sentence-to-picture matching task. Both PWA showed differential impairment patterns in their two languages. SK, an early bilingual PWA, had particular difficulty comprehending subject which-questions in Turkish but performed normal across all conditions in German. CT, a late bilingual PWA, performed more poorly for object which-questions in German than in all other conditions, whilst in Turkish his accuracy was at chance level across all conditions. We conclude that the observed patterns of selective cross-linguistic impairments cannot solely be attributed either to difficulty with wh-movement or to problems with the integration of discourse-level information. Instead our results suggest that differences between our PWA’s individual bilingualism profiles (e.g. onset of bilingualism, premorbid language dominance) considerably affected the nature and extent of their impairments.
KW - Bilingual aphasia
KW - wh-questions
KW - Turkish-German bilingualism
KW - wh-in-situ
KW - wh-movement
Y1 - 2017
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02699206.2017.1416493
SN - 0269-9206
SN - 1464-5076
VL - 32
IS - 7
SP - 640
EP - 660
PB - Taylor & Francis Group
CY - Philadelphia
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Arndt, Larissa R.
A1 - Esser, Günter
A1 - Weirich, Sebastian
A1 - Oelsner, Henriette
A1 - Ebersbach, Georg
A1 - Bengner, Thomas
T1 - Face Memory in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease Moderated by Sex and Encoding Duration
JF - Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie
N2 - We examined face memory deficits in patients with Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) with specific regard to the moderating role of sex and the different memory processes involved. We tested short- and long-term face recognition memory in 18 nonclinical participants and 18 IPD-patients matched for sex, education and age. We varied the duration of item presentation (1, 5, 10s), the time of testing (immediately, 1hr, 24hrs) and the possibility to re-encode items. In accordance with earlier studies, we report face memory deficits in IPD. Moreover, our findings indicate that sex and encoding conditions may be important moderator variables. In contrast to healthy individuals, IPD-patients cannot gain from increasing duration of presentation. Furthermore, our results suggest that I PD leads to face memory deficits in women, only.
KW - neuropsychology
KW - declarative memory
KW - Morbus Parkinson
KW - gender
KW - episodic memory
Y1 - 2015
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1024/1016-264X/a000148
SN - 1016-264X
SN - 1664-2902
VL - 26
IS - 2
SP - 109
EP - 120
PB - Hogrefe
CY - Bern
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Arkes, Hal R.
A1 - Aberegg, Scott K.
A1 - Arpin, Kevin A.
T1 - Analysis of physicians' probability estimates of a medical outcome based on a sequence of events
JF - JAMA network open / American Medical Association
N2 - IMPORTANCE
The probability of a conjunction of 2 independent events is the product of the probabilities of the 2 components and therefore cannot exceed the probability of either component; violation of this basic law is called the conjunction fallacy. A common medical decision-making scenario involves estimating the probability of a final outcome resulting from a sequence of independent events; however, little is known about physicians' ability to accurately estimate the overall probability of success in these situations.
OBJECTIVE
To ascertain whether physicians are able to correctly estimate the overall probability of a medical outcome resulting from 2 independent events.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This survey study consisted of 3 separate substudies, in which 215 physicians were asked via internet-based survey to estimate the probability of success of each of 2 components of a diagnostic or prognostic sequence as well as the overall probability of success of the 2-step sequence. Substudy 1 was performed from April 2 to 4, 2021, substudy 2 from November 2 toll, 2021, and substudy 3 from May 13 to 19, 2021. All physicians were board certified or board eligible in the primary specialty germane to the substudy (ie, obstetrics and gynecology for substudies land 3 and pulmonology for substudy 2), were recruited from a commercial survey service, and volunteered to participate in the study.
EXPOSURES
Case scenarios presented in an online survey.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Respondents were asked to provide their demographic information in addition to 3 probability estimates. The first substudy included a scenario describing a brow presentation discovered during labor; the 2 conjuncts were the probabilities that the brow presentation would resolve and that the delivery would be vaginal. The second substudy involved a diagnostic evaluation of an incidentally discovered pulmonary nodule; the 2 conjuncts were the probabilities that the patient had a malignant condition and that a technically successful transthoracic needle biopsy would reveal a malignant condition. The third substudy included a modification of the first substudy in an attempt to debias the conjunction fallacy prevalent in the first substudy. Respondents' own probability estimates of the individual events were used to calculate the mathematically correct conjunctive probability.
RESULTS
Among 215 respondents, the mean (SD) age was 54.0 (9.5) years; 142 respondents (66.0%) were male. Data on race and ethnicity were not collected. A total of 168 physicians (78.1%) estimated the probability of the 2-step sequence to be greater than the probability of at least 1 of the 2 component events. Compared with the product of their 2 estimated components, respondents overestimated the combined probability by 12.8% (95% CI, 9.6%-16.1%; P < .001) in substudy 1, 19.8% (95% Cl, 16.6%-23.0%; P < .001) in substudy 2, and 18.0% (95% CI, 13.4%-22.5%; P < .001) in substudy 3, results that were mathematically incoherent (ie, formally illogical and mathematically incorrect).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In this survey study of 215 physicians, respondents consistently overestimated the combined probability of 2 events compared with the probability calculated from their own estimates of the individual events. This biased estimation, consistent with the conjunction fallacy, may have substantial implications for diagnostic and prognostic decision-making.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.18804
SN - 2574-3805
VL - 5
IS - 6
PB - American Veterinary Medical Association
CY - Chicago
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Apel, Jens K.
A1 - Cangelosi, Angelo
A1 - Ellis, Rob
A1 - Goslin, Jeremy
A1 - Fischer, Martin H.
T1 - Object affordance influences instruction span
JF - Experimental brain research
N2 - We measured memory span for assembly instructions involving objects with handles oriented to the left or right side. Right-handed participants remembered more instructions when objects' handles were spatially congruent with the hand used in forthcoming assembly actions. No such affordance-based memory benefit was found for left-handed participants. These results are discussed in terms of motor simulation as an embodied rehearsal mechanism.
KW - Action simulation
KW - Affordance
KW - Embodied cognition
KW - Rehearsal
KW - Sequential instruction
KW - Working memory
Y1 - 2012
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-012-3251-0
SN - 0014-4819
VL - 223
IS - 2
SP - 199
EP - 206
PB - Springer
CY - New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Angele, Bernhard
A1 - Slattery, Timothy J.
A1 - Yang, Jinmian
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1 - Rayner, Keith
T1 - Parafoveal processing in reading : manipulating n+1 and n+2 previews simultaneously
N2 - The boundary paradigm (Rayner, 1975) with a novel preview manipulation was used to examine the extent of parafoveal processing of words to the right of fixation. Words n + 1 and n + 2 had either correct or incorrect previews prior to fixation (prior to crossing the boundary location). In addition, the manipulation utilized either a high or low frequency word in word n + 1 location on the assumption that it would be more likely that n + 2 preview effects could be obtained when word n + 1 was high frequency. The primary findings were that there was no evidence for a preview benefit for word n + 2 and no evidence for parafoveal-on-foveal effects when word n + 1 is at least four letters long. We discuss implications for models of eye-movement control in reading.
Y1 - 2008
UR - http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713683696~db=all
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13506280802009704
SN - 1350-6285
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Angele, Bernhard
A1 - Slattery, Timothy J.
A1 - Yang, Jinmian
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1 - Rayner, Keith
T1 - Parafoveal processing in reading: Manipulating n+1 and n+2 previews simultaneously
N2 - The boundary paradigm (Rayner, 1975) with a novel preview manipulation was used to examine the extent of parafoveal processing of words to the right of fixation. Words n+1 and n+2 had either correct or incorrect previews prior to fixation (prior to crossing the boundary location). In addition, the manipulation utilized either a high or low frequency word in word n+1 location on the assumption that it would be more likely that n+2 preview effects could be obtained when word n+1 was high frequency. The primary findings were that there was no evidence for a preview benefit for word n+2 and no evidence for parafoveal-on-foveal effects when word n+1 is at least four letters long. We discuss implications for models of eye-movement control in reading.
T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - paper 251
Y1 - 2008
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57128
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Andree, Kai
A1 - Heywood, John S.
A1 - Schwan, Mike
A1 - Wang, Zheng
T1 - A spatial model of cartel stability
BT - the influence of production cost convexity
JF - Bulletin of economic research
N2 - We uniquely introduce convex production costs into a cartel model involving spatial price discrimination. We demonstrate that greater convexity improves cartel stability and that for sufficient convexity first best locations will be adopted. We show that allowing locations to vary over the game reduces cartel stability but that greater convexity continues to improve that stability. Moreover, when the degree of convexity does not support the first best collusive locations, other collusive locations exist that require less stability and these may either increase or decrease social welfare relative to competition. Critically, these locations that require less stability are more dispersed in sharp contrast to the known result assuming linear production costs.
KW - cartel stability
KW - convex costs
KW - delivered pricing
Y1 - 2018
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/boer.12149
SN - 0307-3378
SN - 1467-8586
VL - 70
IS - 3
SP - 298
EP - 311
PB - Wiley
CY - Hoboken
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Anderson, Craig A.
A1 - Suzuki, Kanae
A1 - Swing, Edward L.
A1 - Groves, Christopher L.
A1 - Gentile, Douglas A.
A1 - Prot, Sara
A1 - Lam, Chun Pan
A1 - Sakamoto, Akira
A1 - Horiuchi, Yukiko
A1 - Krahé, Barbara
A1 - Jelic, Margareta
A1 - Wei Liuqing,
A1 - Toma, Roxana
A1 - Warburton, Wayne A.
A1 - Zhang, Xue-Min
A1 - Tajima, Sachi
A1 - Qing, Feng
A1 - Petrescu, Poesis
T1 - Media Violence and Other Aggression Risk Factors in Seven Nations
JF - Personality and social psychology bulletin
N2 - Cultural generality versus specificity of media violence effects on aggression was examined in seven countries (Australia, China, Croatia, Germany, Japan, Romania, the United States). Participants reported aggressive behaviors, media use habits, and several other known risk and protective factors for aggression. Across nations, exposure to violent screen media was positively associated with aggression. This effect was partially mediated by aggressive cognitions and empathy. The media violence effect on aggression remained significant even after statistically controlling a number of relevant risk and protective factors (e.g., abusive parenting, peer delinquency), and was similar in magnitude to effects of other risk factors. In support of the cumulative risk model, joint effects of different risk factors on aggressive behavior in each culture were larger than effects of any individual risk factor.
KW - mass media
KW - aggression
KW - culture
KW - ethnicity
Y1 - 2017
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167217703064
SN - 0146-1672
SN - 1552-7433
VL - 43
SP - 986
EP - 998
PB - Sage Publ.
CY - Thousand Oaks
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Albrecht, Jessica
A1 - Kopietz, Rainer
A1 - Linn, Jennifer
A1 - Sakar, Vehbi
A1 - Anzinger, Andrea
A1 - Schreder, Tatjana
A1 - Pollatos, Olga
A1 - Brückmann, Hartmut-Josef
A1 - Kobal, Gerd
A1 - Wiesmann, Martin
T1 - Activation of olfactory and trigeminal cortical areas following stimulation of the nasal mucosa with low concentrations of S(-)-nicotine vapor : an fMRI study on chemosensory perception
N2 - Applied to the nasal mucosa in low concentrations, nicotine vapor evokes odorous sensations (mediated by the olfactory system) whereas at higher concentrations nicotine vapor additionally produces burning and stinging sensations in the nose (mediated by the trigeminal system). The objective of this study was to determine whether intranasal stimulation with suprathreshold concentrations of S(-)-nicotine vapor causes brain activation in olfactory cortical areas or if trigeminal cortical areas are also activated. Individual olfactory detection thresholds for S(-)-nicotine were determined in 19 healthy occasional smokers using a computer-controlled air-dilution olfactometer. Functional magnetic resonance images were acquired using a 1.5T MR scanner with applications of nicotine in concentrations at or just above the individual"s olfactory detection threshold. Subjects reliably perceived the stimuli as being odorous. Accordingly, activation of brain areas known to be involved in processing of olfactory stimuli was identified. Although most of the subjects never or only rarely observed a burning or painful sensation in the nose, brain areas associated with the processing of painful stimuli were activated in all subjects. This indicates that the olfactory and trigeminal systems are activated during perception of nicotine and it is not possible to completely separate olfactory from trigeminal effects by lowering the concentration of the applied nicotine. In conclusion, even at low concentrations that do not consistently lead to painful sensations, intranasally applied nicotine activates both the olfactory and the trigeminal system.
Y1 - 2009
UR - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jhome/109668555
SN - 1065-9471
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Albrecht, Jessica
A1 - Anzinger, Andrea
A1 - Kopietz, Rainer
A1 - Schöpf, Veronika
A1 - Kleemann, Anna Maria
A1 - Pollatos, Olga
A1 - Wiesmann, Martin
T1 - Test-retest reliability of the olfactory detection threshold test of the Sniffin' Sticks
N2 - The aim of the present study was to investigate the test-retest reliability of the olfactory detection threshold subtest of the Sniffin" Sticks test battery, if administered repeatedly on 4 time points. The detection threshold test was repeatedly conducted in 64 healthy subjects. On the first testing session, the threshold test was accomplished 3 times (T(1) = 0 min, T(2) = 35 min, and T(3) = 105 min), representing a short-term testing. A fourth threshold test was conducted on a second testing session (T(4) = 35.1 days after the first testing session), representing a long-term testing. The average scores for olfactory detection threshold for n-butanol did not differ significantly across the 4 points of time. The test-retest reliability (Pearson"s r) between the 4 time points of threshold testing were in a range of 0.43-0.85 (P < 0.01). These results support the notion that the olfactory detection threshold test is a highly reliable method for repeated olfactory testing, even if the test is repeated more than once per day and over a long-term period. It is concluded that the olfactory detection threshold test of the Sniffin" Sticks is suitable for repeated testing during experimental or clinical studies.
Y1 - 2008
UR - http://chemse.oxfordjournals.org/
SN - 0379-864X
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Agthe, Maria
A1 - Kayser, Daniela Niesta
A1 - Schwarz, Sascha
A1 - Maner, Jon K.
T1 - Antecedents of the red-romance effect
BT - men's attractiveness and women's fertility
JF - PLOS ONE / Public Library of Science
N2 - The color red has been implicated in a variety of social processes, including those involving mating. While previous research suggests that women sometimes wear red strategically to increase their attractiveness, the replicability of this literature has been questioned. The current research is a reasonably powered conceptual replication designed to strengthen this literature by testing whether women are more inclined to display the color red 1) during fertile (as compared with less fertile) days of the menstrual cycle, and 2) when expecting to interact with an attractive man (as compared with a less attractive man and with a control condition). Analyses controlled for a number of theoretically relevant covariates (relationship status, age, the current weather). Only the latter hypothesis received mixed support (mainly among women on hormonal birth control), whereas results concerning the former hypothesis did not reach significance. Women (N = 281) displayed more red when expecting to interact with an attractive man; findings did not support the prediction that women would increase their display of red on fertile days of the cycle. Findings thus suggested only mixed replicability for the link between the color red and psychological processes involving romantic attraction. They also illustrate the importance of further investigating the boundary conditions of color effects on everyday social processes.
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284035
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 18
IS - 4
PB - PLOS
CY - San Fransisco
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Adamo, Nicoletta
A1 - Baumeister, Sarah
A1 - Hohmann, Sarah
A1 - Wolf, Isabella
A1 - Holz, Nathalie
A1 - Boecker-Schlier, Regina
A1 - Laucht, Manfred
A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1 - Brandeis, Daniel
T1 - Frequency-specific coupling between trial-to-trial fluctuations of neural responses and response-time variability
JF - Journal of neural transmission
N2 - We assessed intra-individual variability of response times (RT) and single-trial P3 amplitudes following targets in healthy adults during a Flanker/NO-GO task. RT variability and variability of the neural responses coupled at the faster frequencies examined (0.07-0.17 Hz) at Pz, the target-P3 maxima, despite non-significant associations for overall variability (standard deviation, SD). Frequency-specific patterns of variability in the single-trial P3 may help to understand the neurophysiology of RT variability and its explanatory models of attention allocation deficits beyond intra-individual variability summary indices such as SD.
KW - Intra-individual response-time variability
KW - Event-related potential
KW - Cognitive control
KW - Attention deficit
Y1 - 2015
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-015-1382-8
SN - 0300-9564
SN - 1435-1463
VL - 122
IS - 8
SP - 1197
EP - 1202
PB - Springer
CY - Wien
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Adam, Maurits
A1 - Reitenbach, Ivanina
A1 - Papenmeier, Frank
A1 - Gredebäck, Gustaf
A1 - Elsner, Claudia
A1 - Elsner, Birgit
T1 - actions, but not for mechanical claws
JF - Meteoritics & planetary science : journal of the Meteoritical Society
N2 - Previous research indicates that infants’ prediction of the goals of observed actions is influenced by own experience with the type of agent performing the action (i.e., human hand vs. non-human agent) as well as by action-relevant features of goal objects (e.g., object size). The present study investigated the combined effects of these factors on 12-month-olds’ action prediction. Infants’ (N = 49) goal-directed gaze shifts were recorded as they observed 14 trials in which either a human hand or a mechanical claw reached for a small goal area (low-saliency goal) or a large goal area (high-saliency goal). Only infants who had observed the human hand reaching for a high-saliency goal fixated the goal object ahead of time, and they rapidly learned to predict the action goal across trials. By contrast, infants in all other conditions did not track the observed action in a predictive manner, and their gaze shifts to the action goal did not change systematically across trials. Thus, high-saliency goals seem to boost infants’ predictive gaze shifts during the observation of human manual actions, but not of actions performed by a mechanical device. This supports the assumption that infants’ action predictions are based on interactive effects of action-relevant object features (e.g., size) and own action experience.
KW - Infancy
KW - Goal saliency
KW - Anticipatory gaze shifts
KW - Eye tracking
KW - Action processing
Y1 - 2016
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2016.05.001
SN - 0163-6383
SN - 1879-0453
VL - 44
SP - 29
EP - 37
PB - Elsevier
CY - New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Adam, Maurits
A1 - Reitenbach, Ivanina
A1 - Elsner, Birgit
T1 - Agency cues and 11-month-olds’ and adults’ anticipation of action goals
JF - Cognitive Development
N2 - For the processing of goal-directed actions, some accounts emphasize the importance of experience with the action or the agent. Other accounts stress the importance of agency cues. We investigated the impact of agency cues on 11-month-olds’ and adults’ goal anticipation for a grasping-action performed by a mechanical claw. With an eyetracker, we measured anticipations in two conditions, where the claw was displayed either with or without agency cues. In two experiments, 11-month-olds were predictive when agency cues were present, but reactive when no agency cues were presented. Adults were predictive in both conditions. Furthermore, 11-month-olds rapidly learned to predict the goal in the agency condition, but not in the mechanical condition. Adults’ predictions did not change across trials in the agency condition, but decelerated in the mechanical condition. Thus, agency cues and own action experience are important for infants’ and adults’ online processing of goal-directed actions by non-human agents.
KW - Infants
KW - Eyetracking
KW - Action processing
KW - Anticipatory gaze shifts
KW - Agency
Y1 - 2017
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2017.02.008
SN - 0885-2014
SN - 1879-226X
VL - 43
SP - 37
EP - 48
PB - Elsevier
CY - New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Adam, Maurits
A1 - Gumbsch, Christian
A1 - Butz, Martin V.
A1 - Elsner, Birgit
T1 - The impact of action effects on infants’ predictive gaze shifts for a non-human grasping action at 7, 11, and 18 months
JF - Frontiers in psychology
N2 - During the observation of goal-directed actions, infants usually predict the goal at an earlier age when the agent is familiar (e.g., human hand) compared to unfamiliar (e.g., mechanical claw). These findings implicate a crucial role of the developing agentive self for infants' processing of others' action goals. Recent theoretical accounts suggest that predictive gaze behavior relies on an interplay between infants' agentive experience (top-down processes) and perceptual information about the agent and the action-event (bottom-up information; e.g., agency cues). The present study examined 7-, 11-, and 18-month-old infants' predictive gaze behavior for a grasping action performed by an unfamiliar tool, depending on infants' age-related action knowledge about tool-use and the display of the agency cue of producing a salient action effect. The results are in line with the notion of a systematic interplay between experience-based top-down processes and cue-based bottom-up information: Regardless of the salient action effect, predictive gaze shifts did not occur in the 7-month-olds (least experienced age group), but did occur in the 18-month-olds (most experienced age group). In the 11-month-olds, however, predictive gaze shifts occurred only when a salient action effect was presented. This sheds new light on how the developing agentive self, in interplay with available agency cues, supports infants' action-goal prediction also for observed tool-use actions.
KW - infancy
KW - predictive gaze behavior
KW - eye tracking
KW - tool-use actions
KW - agency cues
KW - developing agentive self
KW - non-human grasping
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.695550
SN - 1664-1078
VL - 12
PB - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Adam, Maurits
A1 - Elsner, Birgit
T1 - The impact of salient action effects on 6-, 7-, and 11-month-olds’ goal-predictive gaze shifts for a human grasping action
JF - PLOS ONE
N2 - When infants observe a human grasping action, experience-based accounts predict that all infants familiar with grasping actions should be able to predict the goal regardless of additional agency cues such as an action effect. Cue-based accounts, however, suggest that infants use agency cues to identify and predict action goals when the action or the agent is not familiar. From these accounts, we hypothesized that younger infants would need additional agency cues such as a salient action effect to predict the goal of a human grasping action, whereas older infants should be able to predict the goal regardless of agency cues. In three experiments, we presented 6-, 7-, and 11-month-olds with videos of a manual grasping action presented either with or without an additional salient action effect (Exp. 1 and 2), or we presented 7-month-olds with videos of a mechanical claw performing a grasping action presented with a salient action effect (Exp. 3). The 6-month-olds showed tracking gaze behavior, and the 11-month-olds showed predictive gaze behavior, regardless of the action effect. However, the 7-month-olds showed predictive gaze behavior in the action-effect condition, but tracking gaze behavior in the no-action-effect condition and in the action-effect condition with a mechanical claw. The results therefore support the idea that salient action effects are especially important for infants' goal predictions from 7 months on, and that this facilitating influence of action effects is selective for the observation of human hands.
KW - attention
KW - eye movements
KW - infants perception
KW - mechanisms
KW - origins
Y1 - 2020
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240165
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 15
IS - 10
PB - Public Library of Science
CY - San Fransisco
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Adam, Maurits
A1 - Elsner, Birgit
T1 - Action effects foster 11-month-olds’ prediction of action goals for a non-human agent
JF - Infant behavior & development : an international and interdisciplinary journal
N2 - Action effects have been stated to be important for infants’ processing of goal-directed actions. In this study, 11-month-olds showed equally fast predictive gaze shifts to a claw’s action goal when the grasping action was presented either with three agency cues (self-propelled movement, equifinality of goal achievement and a salient action effect) or with only a salient action effect, but infants showed tracking gaze when the claw showed only self-propelled movement and equifinality of goal achievement. The results suggest that action effects, compared to purely kinematic cues, seem to be especially important for infants' online processing of goal-directed actions.
KW - Infancy
KW - Eye tracking
KW - Goal anticipation
KW - Action effects
KW - Agency cues
Y1 - 2018
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2018.09.002
SN - 0163-6383
SN - 1879-0453
VL - 53
SP - 49
EP - 55
PB - Elsevier
CY - New York
ER -
TY - THES
A1 - Adam, Maurits
T1 - Action-goal predictions in infancy
BT - The influence of agency cues and verbal information
Y1 - 2019
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Adam, Jos J.
A1 - Bovend'Eerdt, Thamar J. H.
A1 - van Dooren, Fleur E. P.
A1 - Fischer, Martin H.
A1 - Pratt, Jay
T1 - The closer the better hand proximity dynamically affects letter recognition accuracy
JF - Attention, perception, & psychophysics : AP&P ; a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc.
N2 - A growing literature has suggested that processing of visual information presented near the hands is facilitated. In this study, we investigated whether the near-hands superiority effect also occurs with the hands moving. In two experiments, participants performed a cyclical bimanual movement task requiring concurrent visual identification of briefly presented letters. For both the static and dynamic hand conditions, the results showed improved letter recognition performance with the hands closer to the stimuli. The finding that the encoding advantage for near-hand stimuli also occurred with the hands moving suggests that the effect is regulated in real time, in accordance with the concept of a bimodal neural system that dynamically updates hand position in external space.
KW - Perception and action
Y1 - 2012
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-012-0339-3
SN - 1943-3921
VL - 74
IS - 7
SP - 1533
EP - 1538
PB - Springer
CY - New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Abraham, Charles
A1 - Krahé, Barbara
A1 - Dominic, Robert
A1 - Fritsche, Immo
T1 - Do health promotion messages target cognitive and behavioural correlates of condom use? : a content analysis of safer sex promotion leaflets in two countries
Y1 - 2002
SN - 1359-107X
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Aarts, Alexander A.
A1 - Anderson, Joanna E.
A1 - Anderson, Christopher J.
A1 - Attridge, Peter R.
A1 - Attwood, Angela
A1 - Axt, Jordan
A1 - Babel, Molly
A1 - Bahnik, Stepan
A1 - Baranski, Erica
A1 - Barnett-Cowan, Michael
A1 - Bartmess, Elizabeth
A1 - Beer, Jennifer
A1 - Bell, Raoul
A1 - Bentley, Heather
A1 - Beyan, Leah
A1 - Binion, Grace
A1 - Borsboom, Denny
A1 - Bosch, Annick
A1 - Bosco, Frank A.
A1 - Bowman, Sara D.
A1 - Brandt, Mark J.
A1 - Braswell, Erin
A1 - Brohmer, Hilmar
A1 - Brown, Benjamin T.
A1 - Brown, Kristina
A1 - Bruening, Jovita
A1 - Calhoun-Sauls, Ann
A1 - Callahan, Shannon P.
A1 - Chagnon, Elizabeth
A1 - Chandler, Jesse
A1 - Chartier, Christopher R.
A1 - Cheung, Felix
A1 - Christopherson, Cody D.
A1 - Cillessen, Linda
A1 - Clay, Russ
A1 - Cleary, Hayley
A1 - Cloud, Mark D.
A1 - Cohn, Michael
A1 - Cohoon, Johanna
A1 - Columbus, Simon
A1 - Cordes, Andreas
A1 - Costantini, Giulio
A1 - Alvarez, Leslie D. Cramblet
A1 - Cremata, Ed
A1 - Crusius, Jan
A1 - DeCoster, Jamie
A1 - DeGaetano, Michelle A.
A1 - Della Penna, Nicolas
A1 - den Bezemer, Bobby
A1 - Deserno, Marie K.
A1 - Devitt, Olivia
A1 - Dewitte, Laura
A1 - Dobolyi, David G.
A1 - Dodson, Geneva T.
A1 - Donnellan, M. Brent
A1 - Donohue, Ryan
A1 - Dore, Rebecca A.
A1 - Dorrough, Angela
A1 - Dreber, Anna
A1 - Dugas, Michelle
A1 - Dunn, Elizabeth W.
A1 - Easey, Kayleigh
A1 - Eboigbe, Sylvia
A1 - Eggleston, Casey
A1 - Embley, Jo
A1 - Epskamp, Sacha
A1 - Errington, Timothy M.
A1 - Estel, Vivien
A1 - Farach, Frank J.
A1 - Feather, Jenelle
A1 - Fedor, Anna
A1 - Fernandez-Castilla, Belen
A1 - Fiedler, Susann
A1 - Field, James G.
A1 - Fitneva, Stanka A.
A1 - Flagan, Taru
A1 - Forest, Amanda L.
A1 - Forsell, Eskil
A1 - Foster, Joshua D.
A1 - Frank, Michael C.
A1 - Frazier, Rebecca S.
A1 - Fuchs, Heather
A1 - Gable, Philip
A1 - Galak, Jeff
A1 - Galliani, Elisa Maria
A1 - Gampa, Anup
A1 - Garcia, Sara
A1 - Gazarian, Douglas
A1 - Gilbert, Elizabeth
A1 - Giner-Sorolla, Roger
A1 - Glöckner, Andreas
A1 - Göllner, Lars
A1 - Goh, Jin X.
A1 - Goldberg, Rebecca
A1 - Goodbourn, Patrick T.
A1 - Gordon-McKeon, Shauna
A1 - Gorges, Bryan
A1 - Gorges, Jessie
A1 - Goss, Justin
A1 - Graham, Jesse
A1 - Grange, James A.
A1 - Gray, Jeremy
A1 - Hartgerink, Chris
A1 - Hartshorne, Joshua
A1 - Hasselman, Fred
A1 - Hayes, Timothy
A1 - Heikensten, Emma
A1 - Henninger, Felix
A1 - Hodsoll, John
A1 - Holubar, Taylor
A1 - Hoogendoorn, Gea
A1 - Humphries, Denise J.
A1 - Hung, Cathy O. -Y.
A1 - Immelman, Nathali
A1 - Irsik, Vanessa C.
A1 - Jahn, Georg
A1 - Jaekel, Frank
A1 - Jekel, Marc
A1 - Johannesson, Magnus
A1 - Johnson, Larissa G.
A1 - Johnson, David J.
A1 - Johnson, Kate M.
A1 - Johnston, William J.
A1 - Jonas, Kai
A1 - Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A.
A1 - Kappes, Heather Barry
A1 - Kelso, Kim
A1 - Kidwell, Mallory C.
A1 - Kim, Seung Kyung
A1 - Kirkhart, Matthew
A1 - Kleinberg, Bennett
A1 - Knezevic, Goran
A1 - Kolorz, Franziska Maria
A1 - Kossakowski, Jolanda J.
A1 - Krause, Robert Wilhelm
A1 - Krijnen, Job
A1 - Kuhlmann, Tim
A1 - Kunkels, Yoram K.
A1 - Kyc, Megan M.
A1 - Lai, Calvin K.
A1 - Laique, Aamir
A1 - Lakens, Daniel
A1 - Lane, Kristin A.
A1 - Lassetter, Bethany
A1 - Lazarevic, Ljiljana B.
A1 - LeBel, Etienne P.
A1 - Lee, Key Jung
A1 - Lee, Minha
A1 - Lemm, Kristi
A1 - Levitan, Carmel A.
A1 - Lewis, Melissa
A1 - Lin, Lin
A1 - Lin, Stephanie
A1 - Lippold, Matthias
A1 - Loureiro, Darren
A1 - Luteijn, Ilse
A1 - Mackinnon, Sean
A1 - Mainard, Heather N.
A1 - Marigold, Denise C.
A1 - Martin, Daniel P.
A1 - Martinez, Tylar
A1 - Masicampo, E. J.
A1 - Matacotta, Josh
A1 - Mathur, Maya
A1 - May, Michael
A1 - Mechin, Nicole
A1 - Mehta, Pranjal
A1 - Meixner, Johannes
A1 - Melinger, Alissa
A1 - Miller, Jeremy K.
A1 - Miller, Mallorie
A1 - Moore, Katherine
A1 - Möschl, Marcus
A1 - Motyl, Matt
A1 - Müller, Stephanie M.
A1 - Munafo, Marcus
A1 - Neijenhuijs, Koen I.
A1 - Nervi, Taylor
A1 - Nicolas, Gandalf
A1 - Nilsonne, Gustav
A1 - Nosek, Brian A.
A1 - Nuijten, Michele B.
A1 - Olsson, Catherine
A1 - Osborne, Colleen
A1 - Ostkamp, Lutz
A1 - Pavel, Misha
A1 - Penton-Voak, Ian S.
A1 - Perna, Olivia
A1 - Pernet, Cyril
A1 - Perugini, Marco
A1 - Pipitone, R. Nathan
A1 - Pitts, Michael
A1 - Plessow, Franziska
A1 - Prenoveau, Jason M.
A1 - Rahal, Rima-Maria
A1 - Ratliff, Kate A.
A1 - Reinhard, David
A1 - Renkewitz, Frank
A1 - Ricker, Ashley A.
A1 - Rigney, Anastasia
A1 - Rivers, Andrew M.
A1 - Roebke, Mark
A1 - Rutchick, Abraham M.
A1 - Ryan, Robert S.
A1 - Sahin, Onur
A1 - Saide, Anondah
A1 - Sandstrom, Gillian M.
A1 - Santos, David
A1 - Saxe, Rebecca
A1 - Schlegelmilch, Rene
A1 - Schmidt, Kathleen
A1 - Scholz, Sabine
A1 - Seibel, Larissa
A1 - Selterman, Dylan Faulkner
A1 - Shaki, Samuel
A1 - Simpson, William B.
A1 - Sinclair, H. Colleen
A1 - Skorinko, Jeanine L. M.
A1 - Slowik, Agnieszka
A1 - Snyder, Joel S.
A1 - Soderberg, Courtney
A1 - Sonnleitner, Carina
A1 - Spencer, Nick
A1 - Spies, Jeffrey R.
A1 - Steegen, Sara
A1 - Stieger, Stefan
A1 - Strohminger, Nina
A1 - Sullivan, Gavin B.
A1 - Talhelm, Thomas
A1 - Tapia, Megan
A1 - te Dorsthorst, Anniek
A1 - Thomae, Manuela
A1 - Thomas, Sarah L.
A1 - Tio, Pia
A1 - Traets, Frits
A1 - Tsang, Steve
A1 - Tuerlinckx, Francis
A1 - Turchan, Paul
A1 - Valasek, Milan
A1 - Van Aert, Robbie
A1 - van Assen, Marcel
A1 - van Bork, Riet
A1 - van de Ven, Mathijs
A1 - van den Bergh, Don
A1 - van der Hulst, Marije
A1 - van Dooren, Roel
A1 - van Doorn, Johnny
A1 - van Renswoude, Daan R.
A1 - van Rijn, Hedderik
A1 - Vanpaemel, Wolf
A1 - Echeverria, Alejandro Vasquez
A1 - Vazquez, Melissa
A1 - Velez, Natalia
A1 - Vermue, Marieke
A1 - Verschoor, Mark
A1 - Vianello, Michelangelo
A1 - Voracek, Martin
A1 - Vuu, Gina
A1 - Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan
A1 - Weerdmeester, Joanneke
A1 - Welsh, Ashlee
A1 - Westgate, Erin C.
A1 - Wissink, Joeri
A1 - Wood, Michael
A1 - Woods, Andy
A1 - Wright, Emily
A1 - Wu, Sining
A1 - Zeelenberg, Marcel
A1 - Zuni, Kellylynn
T1 - Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science
JF - Science
N2 - Reproducibility is a defining feature of science, but the extent to which it characterizes current research is unknown. We conducted replications of 100 experimental and correlational studies published in three psychology journals using high-powered designs and original materials when available. Replication effects were half the magnitude of original effects, representing a substantial decline. Ninety-seven percent of original studies had statistically significant results. Thirty-six percent of replications had statistically significant results; 47% of original effect sizes were in the 95% confidence interval of the replication effect size; 39% of effects were subjectively rated to have replicated the original result; and if no bias in original results is assumed, combining original and replication results left 68% with statistically significant effects. Correlational tests suggest that replication success was better predicted by the strength of original evidence than by characteristics of the original and replication teams.
Y1 - 2015
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac4716
SN - 1095-9203
SN - 0036-8075
VL - 349
IS - 6251
PB - American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science
CY - Washington
ER -
TY - BOOK
ED - Kurths, Jürgen
ED - Fradkov, Alexander
ED - Chen, Guanrong
T1 - The 3rd International IEEE Scientific Conference on Physics and Control (PhysCon 2007) : September 3rd-7th 2007 at the University of Potsdam
Y1 - 2007
SN - 978-3-939469-89-6
PB - Univ.-Verl. Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - BOOK
ED - Ishihara, Shinichiro
ED - Schmitz, Michaela
ED - Schwarz, Anne
T1 - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632. - Vol. 1
N2 - Contents: A1: Phonology and syntax of focussing and topicalisation: Gisbert Fanselow: Cyclic Phonology–Syntax-Interaction: Movement to First Position in German Caroline Féry and Laura Herbst: German Sentence Accent Revisited Shinichiro Ishihara: Prosody by Phase: Evidence from Focus Intonation–Wh-scope Correspondence in Japanese A2: Quantification and information structure: Cornelia Endriss and Stefan Hinterwimmer: The Influence of Tense in Adverbial Quantification A3: Rhetorical Structure in Spoken Language: Modeling of Global Prosodic Parameters: Ekaterina Jasinskaja, Jörg Mayer and David Schlangen: Discourse Structure and Information Structure: Interfaces and Prosodic Realization B2: Focussing in African Tchadic languages: Katharina Hartmann and Malte Zimmermann: Focus Strategies in Chadic: The Case of Tangale Revisited D1: Linguistic database for information structure: Annotation and retrieval: Stefanie Dipper, Michael Götze, Manfred Stede and Tillmann Wegst: ANNIS: A Linguistic Database for Exploring Information Structure
T3 - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632 - 1
Y1 - 2004
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8237
SN - 1866-4725
ER -
TY - BOOK
ED - Dipper, Stefanie
ED - Götze, Michael
ED - Stede, Manfred
T1 - Heterogeneity in focus : creating and using linguistic databases
N2 - The papers in this volume were presented at the workshop Heterogeneity in Linguistic Databases', which took place on July 9, 2004 at the University of Potsdam. The workshop was organized by project D1: Linguistic Database for Information Structure: Annotation and Retrieval', a member project of the SFB 632, a collaborative research center entitled Information Structure: the Linguistic Means for Structuring Utterances, Sentences and Texts'. The workshop brought together both developers and users of linguistic databases from a number of research projects which work on an empirical basis, all of which have to cope with different sorts of heterogeneity: primary linguistic data and annotated information may be heterogeneous, as well as the data structures representing them. The first four papers (by Wagner, Schmidt, Lüdeling, and Witt) address aspects of heterogeneous data from the point of view of database developers; the remaining three papers (by Meyer, Smith, and Teich/Fankhauser) focus on data exploitation by the users.
T3 - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632 - 2
Y1 - 2005
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-8244
SN - 978-3-937786-48-3
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - BOOK
ED - Ishihara, Shinichiro
ED - Schmitz, Michaela
ED - Schwarz, Anne
T1 - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; Working papers of the SFB 632 - Vol. 5
N2 - In this paper we compare the behaviour of adverbs of frequency (de Swart 1993) like usually with the behaviour of adverbs of quantity like for the most part in sentences that contain plural definites. We show that sentences containing the former type of Q-adverb evidence that Quantificational Variability Effects (Berman 1991) come about as an indirect effect of quantification over situations: in order for quantificational variability readings to arise, these sentences have to obey two newly observed constraints that clearly set them apart from sentences containing corresponding quantificational DPs, and that can plausibly be explained under the assumption that quantification over (the atomic parts of) complex situations is involved. Concerning sentences with the latter type of Q-adverb, on the other hand, such evidence is lacking: with respect to the constraints just mentioned, they behave like sentences that contain corresponding quantificational DPs. We take this as evidence that Q-adverbs like for the most part do not quantify over the atomic parts of sum eventualities in the cases under discussion (as claimed by Nakanishi and Romero (2004)), but rather over the atomic parts of the respective sum individuals.
T3 - Interdisciplinary studies on information structure : ISIS ; working papers of the SFB 632 - 5
KW - Adverbial Quantification
KW - Situations
KW - Tense Semantics
KW - Adverbs of Frequency
KW - Adverbs of Quantity
Y1 - 2006
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-13047
SN - 1866-4725
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - BOOK
ED - Xiang, Zairong
T1 - Minor cosmopolitan
BT - thinking art, politics, and the universe together otherwise
N2 - Cosmopolitanism is a theory about how to live together. The earliest formulation of cosmopolitanism in the West could be dated to as early as the fourth century BCE in ancient Greece by Diogenes, who famously said that he was a “citizen of the world – kosmopolitês,” an idea later picked up by Immanuel Kant, the German philosopher who proposed a philosophy of a world of “perpetual peace.” When cosmopolitanism first emerged as a political idea for modernity in the European Enlightenment, the project embraced the liberal promises of a globalizing economy, yet remained oblivious to, and even complicit with, capitalism, slavery and colonialism. It centered on the male, bourgeois, and white liberal subject, irrespective of the ongoing disenfranchisement, dehumanization, and extermination of its Others.
At the dawn of the 21st century, and in the wake of rapid globalization however, academics, politicians and other pundits enthusiastically declared cosmopolitanism to be no longer just a philosophical ideal, but a real, existing fact. Across the globe, they argued, people were increasingly thinking and feeling beyond the nation, considering themselves citizens of the world. Meanwhile, the global ecological crisis worsens, fascism with different outfits returns in many places of the world, the repression of women, sexual, racial, class and other minorities on a global scale persists; the so called “refugee crisis” inundates the mediascape and political spectacle. Not much of those cosmopolitan promises have left it seems. Perhaps precisely because of this, however, it seems to be an absolute necessity for scholars, activists, and artists today to face the complexities and promises cosmopolitanism has raised although not adequately answered. What has happened to the cosmopolitan promise, and who betrayed it?
“Minor cosmopolitanisms” wishes to challenge the underlying premises of ‘major’ cosmopolitanism without letting go of the unfulfilled emancipatory potential of the concept at large. It wants to rethink cosmopolitanisms in the plural, and trace multiple origins and trajectories of cosmopolitan thought from across the globe. Regarding cosmopolitanisms as emerging through diverse locally, historically and politically specific practices, minor cosmopolitanisms are predicated on difference without abandoning the quest for a shared vision of conviviality and justice. It seeks to answer: how to live at once with our difference and shared struggle? How to think our complicity with even those we most resist? Who sustains the world’s flourishing despite all this?
Y1 - 2020
SN - 978-3-0358-0304-4
PB - Diaphanes
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - BOOK
ED - Brambring, Michael
ED - Rauh, Hellgard
T1 - Early childhood intervention : theory, evaluation and practice
T3 - Prevention and intervention in childhood and adolescence
Y1 - 1996
VL - 20
PB - de Gruyter
CY - Berlin ; New York
ER -
TY - BOOK
ED - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1 - Aging and Cognition : a journal on normal and dysfunctional development
Y1 - 1994
PB - Swets & Zeitlinger
CY - Lisse
ER -
TY - BOOK
ED - Mayr, Ulrich
ED - Spieler, D.
ED - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1 - Ageing and executive control
T3 - European Journal of Cognitive Psychology : Special Issues
Y1 - 2001
SN - 1-84169-908-x
VL - 13
PB - Psychology Press
CY - Hove
ER -
TY - BOOK
ED - Backhaus, Werner G. K.
ED - Kliegl, Reinhold
ED - Werner, John S.
T1 - Color vision : perspectives from different disciplines
Y1 - 1998
SN - 3-11-015431-5
PB - de Gruyter
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - BOOK
ED - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1 - Psychology and Aging : published quarterly by the American Psychological Association
Y1 - 1992
PB - Ass.
CY - Arlington, Va
ER -
TY - BOOK
ED - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1 - Conference Abstracts : ECEM 2007 ; 14. European Conference on Eye Movements ECEM2007, Potsdam, August 19 - 23, 2007
T3 - Journal of eye movement research : Special issue
Y1 - 2007
UR - http://www.jemr.org/online/1/s1
SN - 1995-8692
VL - 1
PB - Universität
CY - Potsdam
ER -