TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krahé, Barbara
A1  - Berger, Anja
T1  - Men and women as perpetrators and victims of sexual aggression in heterosexual and same-sex encounters : a study of first-year college students in Germany
JF  - Aggressive behavior : a multidisciplinary journal devoted to the experimental and observational analysis of conflict in humans and animals
N2  - This study examined the prevalence of sexual aggression and victimization in a large convenience sample of N=2,149 first-year college students from different universities in Germany. Participants were asked about both victimization by, and perpetration of, sexual aggression since the age of 14. Both same-sex and heterosexual victim-perpetrator constellations were examined. Prevalence rates were established for different victim-perpetrator relationships (partners, acquaintances, strangers) and for incidents involving alcohol consumption by one or both partners. The overall perpetration rate was 13.2%, for men and 7.6% for women. The overall victimization rate was 35.9% for women and 19.4% for men. A disparity between victimization and perpetration reports was found for both men and women. Perpetration and victimization rates were highest among participants who had sexual contacts with both opposite-sex and same-sex partners. Sexual aggression and victimization rates were higher between current or former partners and acquaintances than between strangers. Alcohol consumption by one or both partners was involved in almost 75% of all victimization and almost 70% of all perpetration incidents. The findings portray a comprehensive picture of the scale of sexual aggression and victimization in college students with different sexual lifestyles.
KW  - sexual aggression
KW  - sexual victimization
KW  - male victims
KW  - female perpetrators
KW  - same-sex contacts
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21482
SN  - 0096-140X
VL  - 39
IS  - 5
SP  - 391
EP  - 404
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Berger, Anja
A1  - Krahé, Barbara
T1  - Negative attributes are gendered too - conceptualizing and measuring positive and negative facets of sex-role identity
JF  - European journal of social psychology
N2  - Measures of gender identity have almost exclusively relied on positive aspects of masculinity and femininity, although conceptually the self-concept is not limited to positive attributes. A theoretical argument is made for considering negative attributes of gender identity, followed by five studies developing the Positive-Negative Sex-Role Inventory (PN-SRI) as a new measure of gender identity. Study 1 demonstrated that many of the attributes of a German version of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory are no longer considered to differ in desirability for men and women. For the PN-SRI, Study 2 elicited attributes characterizing men and women in today's society, for which ratings of typicality and desirability as well as self-ratings by men and women were obtained in Study 3. Study 4 examined the reliability and factorial structure of the four subscales of positive and negative masculinity and femininity and demonstrated the construct and discriminant validity of the PN-SRI by showing that the negative masculinity and femininity scales were unique predictors of select validation constructs. Study 5 showed that the new instrument explained variance in the validation constructs beyond earlier measures of gender identity. Key message: Even in the construction of negative aspects of gender identity, individuals prefer gender-congruent attributes. Negative masculinity and femininity make a unique contribution to understanding gender-related differences in psychological outcome variables.
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.1970
SN  - 0046-2772
VL  - 43
IS  - 6
SP  - 516
EP  - 531
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  -