TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fritsch, Michael
A1  - Kritikos, Alexander
A1  - Sorgner, Alina
T1  - Why did self-employment increase so strongly in Germany?
JF  - Entrepreneurship and regional development
N2  - Germany experienced a unique rise in the level of self-employment in the first two decades following unification. Applying the nonlinear Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique, we find that the main factors driving these changes in the overall level of self-employment are demographic developments, the shift towards service sector employment and a larger share of population holding a tertiary degree. While these factors explain most of the development in self-employment with employees and the overall level of self-employment in West Germany, their explanatory power is much lower for the stronger increase in solo self-employment and in self-employment in former socialist East Germany.
KW  - self-employment
KW  - nonlinear Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique
KW  - entrepreneurship
KW  - Germany
KW  - L26
KW  - D22
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2015.1048310
SN  - 0898-5626
SN  - 1464-5114
VL  - 27
IS  - 5-6
SP  - 307
EP  - 333
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Caliendo, Marco
A1  - Kuenn, Steffen
T1  - Regional effect heterogeneity of start-up subsidies for the unemployed
JF  - Regional studies
N2  - Sin embargo, todavia no se han analizado los efectos potencialmente heterogeneos de los programas para proyectos empresariales en los diferentes mercados laborales de ambito regional. Las restricciones en la demanda de empleo en areas mas desfavorecidas generalmente hacen aumentar el numero de personas que aprovechan estos programas porque las ofertas laborales son limitadas. Sin embargo, la supervivencia de empresas en estas areas es tambien mas baja, de modo que sigue sin estar claro el efecto general. Basandonos en datos alemanes, observamos que el proceso de creacion, el desarrollo de negocios y la eficacia de los programas estan influenciados por las condiciones economicas imperantes en el momento de la creacion de la empresa.
KW  - Start-up subsidies
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Effect heterogeneity
KW  - Regional effects
KW  - Self-employment
KW  - Subventions de demarrage
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Effet heterogene
KW  - Effets regionaux
KW  - Travail independant
KW  - Existenzgrundungszuschusse
KW  - Bewertung
KW  - Heterogenitat von Effekten
KW  - Regionale Auswirkungen
KW  - Selbststandigkeit
KW  - Subvenciones a proyectos empresariales
KW  - Evaluacion
KW  - Heterogeneidad del efecto
KW  - Efectos regionales
KW  - Empleo autonomo
KW  - C14
KW  - J68
KW  - L26
KW  - R11
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2013.851784
SN  - 0034-3404
SN  - 1360-0591
VL  - 48
IS  - 6
SP  - 1108
EP  - 1134
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  -