TY  - JOUR
A1  - Orejas, Fernando
A1  - Pino, Elvira
A1  - Navarro, Marisa
A1  - Lambers, Leen
T1  - Institutions for navigational logics for graphical structures
JF  - Theoretical computer science
N2  - We show that a Navigational Logic, i.e., a logic to express properties about graphs and about paths in graphs is a semi-exact institution. In this way, we can use a number of operations to structure and modularize our specifications. Moreover, using the properties of our institution, we also show how to structure single formulas, which in our formalism could be quite complex.
KW  - Institutions
KW  - Graph logics
KW  - Navigational logics
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2018.02.031
SN  - 0304-3975
SN  - 1879-2294
VL  - 741
SP  - 19
EP  - 24
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - RPRT
A1  - Caliendo, Marco
A1  - Tübbicke, Stefan
T1  - Design and Effectiveness of Start-Up Subsidies
BT  - Evidence from a Policy Reform in Germany
T2  - CEPA Discussion Papers
N2  - While a growing body of literature finds positive impacts of Start-Up Subsidies (SUS) on labor market outcomes of participants, little is known about how the design of these programs shapes their effectiveness and hence how to improve policy. As experimental variation in program design is unavailable, we exploit the 2011 reform of the current German SUS program for the unemployed which strengthened case-workers’ discretionary power, increased entry requirements and reduced monetary support. We estimate the impact of the reform on the program’s effectiveness using samples of participants and non-participants from before and after the reform. To control for time-constant unobserved heterogeneity as well as differential selection patterns based on observable characteristics over time, we combine Difference-in-Differences with inverse probability weighting using covariate balancing propensity scores. Holding participants’ observed characteristics as well as macroeconomic conditions constant, the results suggest that the reform was successful in raising employment effects on average. As these findings may be contaminated by changes in selection patterns based on unobserved characteristics, we assess our results using simulation-based sensitivity analyses and find that our estimates are highly robust to changes in unobserved characteristics. Hence, the reform most likely had a positive impact on the effectiveness of the program, suggesting that increasing entry requirements and reducing support in-creased the program’s impacts while reducing the cost per participant.
T3  - CEPA Discussion Papers - 30 
KW  - Start-Up Subsidies
KW  - Institutions
KW  - Policy Reform
KW  - Difference-in-Differences
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-500056
SN  - 2628-653X
IS  - 30
ER  -