TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwarzenthal, Miriam
A1  - Juang, Linda P.
A1  - Schachner, Maja Katharina
A1  - van de Vijver, Fons J. R.
A1  - Handrick, Anna
T1  - From tolerance to understanding
BT  - exploring the development of intercultural competence in multiethnic contexts from early to late adolescence
JF  - Journal of community & applied social psychology
N2  - We investigated intercultural competence among immigrant and non-immigrant background adolescents in multiethnic schools in relation to intercultural contact, age, and ethnic identity exploration. The sample included 631 adolescents in Germany (49.4% of immigrant background, 48.2% female), aged 11 to 18 years (Mage = 13.69 years, SDage = 1.83). Intercultural competence was measured using a self-report questionnaire and situational judgment tests capturing the adolescents' interpretation of and reaction to intercultural conflicts. Intercultural contacts and ethnic identity exploration were measured using self-report questionnaires. Results showed that among immigrant and non-immigrant background adolescents, intercultural contact and ethnic identity exploration were positively related to different aspects of intercultural competence. As predicted, self-reported intercultural competence was unrelated to age in both groups, whereas this competence, as measured by the situational judgment tests, increased with age. Thus, learning about others (e.g., by engaging in intercultural contact) and learning about yourself (e.g., by exploring your own ethnic background) are both important for developing pivotal intercultural skills.
KW  - contact
KW  - cultural intelligence
KW  - ethnic identity
KW  - intercultural competence
KW  - multiethnic contexts
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2317
SN  - 1052-9284
SN  - 1099-1298
VL  - 27
SP  - 388
EP  - 399
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwarzenthal, Miriam
A1  - Juang, Linda P.
A1  - Schachner, Maja Katharina
A1  - van de Vijver, Fons J. R.
T1  - "When birds of a different feather flock together" - intercultural socialization in adolescents’ friendships
JF  - International Journal of Intercultural Relations
N2  - We conclude that intercultural friendships are associated with important skills that are needed in increasingly multicultural societies if students experience and discuss cultural variations in these friendships.
KW  - Intercultural friendships
KW  - Socialization
KW  - Intercultural competence
KW  - Cultural intelligence
KW  - Adolescents
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2019.07.001
SN  - 0147-1767
SN  - 1873-7552
VL  - 72
SP  - 61
EP  - 75
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schachner, Maja Katharina
A1  - Schwarzenthal, Miriam
A1  - van de Vijver, Fons J. R.
A1  - Noack, Peter
T1  - How all students can belong and achieve
BT  - Effects of the cultural diversity climate amongst students of immigrant and nonimmigrant background in Germany
JF  - The journal of educational psychology
N2  - As schools are becoming more culturally diverse, it is crucial to understand how they can approach this diversity in ways that allow all students to feel included and do well. We focus on the manifestation of two related but distinct approaches to cultural diversity, namely equality and inclusion (i.e., promoting positive intergroup contact) and cultural pluralism (i.e., embracing students’ diverse cultural backgrounds as a resource), in the perceived classroom climate. Specifically, we test a model in which the link of cultural diversity climate at school and student outcomes (achievement, academic self-concept and general life satisfaction) is mediated by sense of school belonging, both at the individual and classroom level. Analyses are based on 1,971 students (61% of immigrant background; Mage = 11.53, SDage = 0.73, 52% male) in 88 culturally diverse classrooms in southwest Germany after their first year at secondary school. Individual- and classroom-level results suggest that both perceived equality and inclusion as well as cultural pluralism are positively associated with outcomes and this link is mediated by school belonging. There were no differences in the effects of (perceived) cultural diversity climate and school belonging between students of immigrant and nonimmigrant background, suggesting that dealing with cultural diversity in a constructive way is beneficial for all students attending multiethnic schools.
KW  - achievement
KW  - cultural diversity climate
KW  - life satisfaction
KW  - multiethnic schools
KW  - school belonging
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000303
SN  - 0022-0663
SN  - 1939-2176
VL  - 111
IS  - 4
SP  - 703
EP  - 716
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  -