TY  - JOUR
A1  - Oberauer, Klaus
A1  - Hornig, R.
A1  - Weidenfeld, Andrea
A1  - Wilhelm, Oliver
T1  - Effects of directionality in deductive reasoning : II. Premise integration and conclusion evaluation
N2  - Previous research (Oberauer & Wilhelm, 2000) has shown an inherent directionality between the two terms linked in premises of typical deductive reasoning tasks. With three experiments we investigated the effect of inherent directionality on the time to integrate two premises and for the derivation of a conclusion. We varied figure (i.e., order of terms in the premises) and direction of inference (i.e., order of terms in the conclusion) in deduction tasks from various domains (propositional reasoning, syllogisms, spatial, temporal, and linear order reasoning). Effects of figure on premise reading times varied with the directionality of the relations. Effects of direction of inference reflected the same directionality for a subset of relations. We propose that two factors are jointly responsible for a large part of observed directionality effects in premise integration: the inherent directionality of relational statements and a general advantage for a given-new order of terms in the second premise. Difficulty of deriving a conclusion is affected by the directionality or relations if and only if the relation is semantically asymmetric, so that the directionality must be preserved in the integrated mental model
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0272-4987
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Oberauer, Klaus
A1  - Schulze, Ralf
A1  - Wilhelm, Oliver
A1  - Süss, Heinz-Martin
T1  - Working memory and intelligence : their correlation and their relation ; Comment on Ackerman, Beier, and Boyle (2005)
N2  - On the basis of a mete-analysis of pairwise correlations between working memory tasks and cognitive ability measures, P. L. Ackerman. M. E. Beier, and M. O. Boyle (2005) claimed that working memory capacity (WMC) shares less than 25% of its variance with general intelligence (,;) and with reasoning ability. In this comment, the authors argue that this is an underestimation because of several methodological shortcomings and biases. A reanalysis of the data reported in Ackerman et al. using the correct statistical procedures demonstrates that g and WMC are very highly correlated. On a conceptual level. the authors point out that WMC should be regarded as an explanatory construct for intellectual abilities. Theories of working memory do not claim that WMC is isomorphic with intelligence factors but that it is a very strong predictor of reasoning ability and also predicts general fluid intelligence and g.
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0033-2909
ER  -