TY - GEN A1 - Bentele, Kajetan A1 - Saffert, Paul A1 - Rauscher, Robert A1 - Ignatova, Zoya A1 - Bluethgen, Nils T1 - Efficient translation initiation dictates codon usage at gene start T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The genetic code is degenerate; thus, protein evolution does not uniquely determine the coding sequence. One of the puzzles in evolutionary genetics is therefore to uncover evolutionary driving forces that result in specific codon choice. In many bacteria, the first 5-10 codons of protein-coding genes are often codons that are less frequently used in the rest of the genome, an effect that has been argued to arise from selection for slowed early elongation to reduce ribosome traffic jams. However, genome analysis across many species has demonstrated that the region shows reduced mRNA folding consistent with pressure for efficient translation initiation. This raises the possibility that unusual codon usage is a side effect of selection for reduced mRNA structure. Here we discriminate between these two competing hypotheses, and show that in bacteria selection favours codons that reduce mRNA folding around the translation start, regardless of whether these codons are frequent or rare. Experiments confirm that primarily mRNA structure, and not codon usage, at the beginning of genes determines the translation rate. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 912 KW - codon usage KW - mRNA structure KW - translation Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-441337 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 912 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Mickiewicz, Adam ED - Norberg, Madlena ED - Kosta, Peter T1 - Adam Mickiewicz BT - Basni w serbskich pśełožkach T3 - Potsdamer Beiträge zur Sorabistik T3 - Podstupimske pśinoski k Sorabistice N2 - Die vorliegende Ausgabe der „Potsdamer Beiträge zur Sorabistik – Podstupimske pśinoski k Sorabistice“ Adam Mickiewicz, Gedichte in sorbischer Übersetzung, zusammengestellt von Alfred Měškank stellt den Jubiläumsband Nr. 10 unserer Serie dar. Wir sind sehr stolz darauf, die Serie herausgeben zu dürfen und vor allem darauf, das Jubiläum mit so einem würdigen Inhalt zu begehen. Adam Mickiewicz (1798-1855) gilt als der größte polnische Dichter, vergleichbar mit J. W. v. Goethe in Deutschland oder John Byron in England. Seine Werke sind in viele Sprachen übersetzt und dadurch in der ganzen Welt bekannt geworden. Bedeutende sorbische Dichter und Übersetzer, wie z.B. Jakub Bart-Ćišinski und Otto Lehmann-Wićaz haben seine Gedichte auch ins Sorbische übersetzt, doch diese Übersetzungen sind verstreut und dem heutigen Interessenten kaum zugänglich. Einige seiner bedeutsamsten Werke, besonders sein Versepos „Pan Tadeusz”, sowie Teile seines dramatischen Werkes „Dziady” fanden erst in neuerer Zeit einen Übersetzer. Die vorliegende Edition, die eine Zusammenstellung aller bisher ins Sorbische/Wendische übersetzten Werke des großen polnischen Dichters der Romantik darstellt, schließt diese Lücke nun. N2 - This edition of Adam Mickiewicz’s poems in Sorbian translation, compiled by Alfred Měškank, represents the anniversary edition # 10 of our series "Potsdam Contributions to Sorabistics - Podstupimske pśinoski k Sorabistice” . We are very proud to release the series and especially flattered to celebrate the anniversary with such a worthy content. Adam Mickiewicz (1798-1855) is considered the greatest Polish poet, comparable to JW Goethe in Germany or to John Byron in England. His work has been translated into many languages, and thereby become known throughout the world. Significant Sorbian poets and translators, such as Jakub Bart-Ćišinski and Otto Lehmann-Wićaz have also translated his poems into Sorbian language, but these translations are scattered and difficult to access from today's prospective. Some of his major works, particularly his epic poem "Pan Tadeusz", as well as parts of his dramatic work "Dziady" found only recently a translator. The present edition, which is a compilation of all previously published works of the great Polish romantic poet in Sorbian/Wendish language, fills this gap now. T3 - Podstupimske pśinoski k Sorabistice = Potsdamer Beiträge zur Sorabistik - 10 KW - Lyrik KW - Mickiewicz KW - Übersetzung KW - niedersorbisch KW - polnisch KW - Poetry KW - Mickiewicz KW - translation KW - Lower Sorbian KW - Polish Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-60508 SN - 978-3-86956-205-6 SN - 1615-2476 SN - 2192-1016 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER -