TY - JOUR A1 - Allu, Annapurna Devi A1 - Simancas, Barbara A1 - Balazadeh, Salma A1 - Munne-Bosch, Sergi T1 - Defense-Related Transcriptional Reprogramming in Vitamin E-Deficient Arabidopsis Mutants Exposed to Contrasting Phosphate Availability JF - Frontiers in plant science N2 - Vitamin E inhibits the propagation of lipid peroxidation and helps protecting photosystem II from photoinhibition, but little is known about its possible role in plant response to Pi availability. Here, we aimed at examining the effect of vitamin E deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana vte mutants on phytohormone contents and the expression of transcription factors in plants exposed to contrasting Pi availability. Plants were subjected to two doses of Pi, either unprimed (controls) or previously exposed to low Pi (primed). In the wild type, alpha-tocopherol contents increased significantly in response to repeated periods of low Pi, which was paralleled by increased growth, indicative of a priming effect. This growth-stimulating effect was, however, abolished in vte mutants. Hormonal profiling revealed significant effects of Pi availability, priming and genotype on the contents of jasmonates and salicylates; remarkably, vte mutants showed enhanced accumulation of both hormones under low Pi. Furthermore, expression profiling of 1,880 transcription factors by qRT-PCR revealed a pronounced effect of priming on the transcript levels of 45 transcription factors mainly associated with growth and stress in wild-type plants in response to low Pi availability; while distinct differences in the transcriptional response were detected in vte mutants. We conclude that alpha-tocopherol plays a major role in the response of plants to Pi availability not only by protecting plants from photo-oxidative stress, but also by exerting a control over growth-and defense-related transcriptional reprogramming and hormonal modulation. KW - antioxidants KW - photosystem II KW - plastochromanol-8 KW - priming KW - retrograde signaling KW - tocochromanols KW - vitamin E Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01396 SN - 1664-462X VL - 8 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bosch, Sina A1 - Leminen, Alina T1 - ERP priming studies of bilingual language processing JF - Bilingualism : language and cognition. N2 - The aim of this review is to provide a selective overview of priming studies which have employed the event-related brain potential (ERP) technique in order to investigate bilingual language processing. The priming technique can reveal an implicit memory effect in which exposure to one stimulus influences the processing of another stimulus. Behavioral approaches, such as measuring reaction times, may not always be enough for providing a full view on the exact mechanisms and the time-course of language comprehension. Instead, ERPs have a time-resolution of a millisecond and hence they offer a precise temporal overview of the underlying neural processes involved in language processing. In our review, we summarize experimental research that has combined priming with ERP measurements, thus creating a valuable tool for examining the neurophysiological correlates of language processing in the bilingual brain. KW - event-related brain potentials KW - priming KW - bilinguals Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728917000700 SN - 1366-7289 SN - 1469-1841 VL - 21 IS - 3 SP - 462 EP - 470 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bäurle, Isabel A1 - Brzezinka, Krzysztof A1 - Altmann, Simone T1 - BRUSHY1/TONSOKU/MGOUN3 is required for heat stress memory JF - Plant Cell & Environment N2 - Plants encounter biotic and abiotic stresses many times during their life cycle and this limits their productivity. Moderate heat stress (HS) primes a plant to survive higher temperatures that are lethal in the naïve state. Once temperature stress subsides, the memory of the priming event is actively retained for several days preparing the plant to better cope with recurring HS. Recently, chromatin regulation at different levels has been implicated in HS memory. Here, we report that the chromatin protein BRUSHY1 (BRU1)/TONSOKU/MGOUN3 plays a role in the HS memory in Arabidopsis thaliana. BRU1 is also involved in transcriptional gene silencing and DNA damage repair. This corresponds with the functions of its mammalian orthologue TONSOKU‐LIKE/NFΚBIL2. During HS memory, BRU1 is required to maintain sustained induction of HS memory‐associated genes, whereas it is dispensable for the acquisition of thermotolerance. In summary, we report that BRU1 is required for HS memory in A. thaliana, and propose a model where BRU1 mediates the epigenetic inheritance of chromatin states across DNA replication and cell division. KW - Arabidopsis thaliana KW - BRUSHY1 KW - chromatin KW - priming Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13365 VL - 42 SP - 771 EP - 781 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bäurle, Isabel A1 - Trindade, Inês T1 - Chromatin regulation of somatic abiotic stress memory JF - Journal of experimental botany N2 - In nature, plants are often subjected to periods of recurrent environmental stress that can strongly affect their development and productivity. To cope with these conditions, plants can remember a previous stress, which allows them to respond more efficiently to a subsequent stress, a phenomenon known as priming. This ability can be maintained at the somatic level for a few days or weeks after the stress is perceived, suggesting that plants can store information of a past stress during this recovery phase. While the immediate responses to a single stress event have been extensively studied, knowledge on priming effects and how stress memory is stored is still scarce. At the molecular level, memory of a past condition often involves changes in chromatin structure and organization, which may be maintained independently from transcription. In this review, we will summarize the most recent developments in the field and discuss how different levels of chromatin regulation contribute to priming and plant abiotic stress memory. KW - abiotic stress KW - chromatin regulation KW - heat stress memory KW - histone KW - modifications KW - priming KW - transcriptional memory KW - vernalization Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa098 SN - 0022-0957 SN - 1460-2431 VL - 71 IS - 17 SP - 5269 EP - 5279 PB - Oxford Univiversity Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Castellanos, Reynel Urrea A1 - Friedrich, Thomas A1 - Petrovic, Nevena A1 - Altmann, Simone A1 - Brzezinka, Krzysztof A1 - Gorka, Michal A1 - Graf, Alexander A1 - Bäurle, Isabel T1 - FORGETTER2 protein phosphatase and phospholipase D modulate heat stress memory in Arabidopsis JF - The plant journal N2 - Plants can mitigate environmental stress conditions through acclimation. In the case of fluctuating stress conditions such as high temperatures, maintaining a stress memory enables a more efficient response upon recurring stress. In a genetic screen forArabidopsis thalianamutants impaired in the memory of heat stress (HS) we have isolated theFORGETTER2(FGT2) gene, which encodes a type 2C protein phosphatase (PP2C) of the D-clade.Fgt2mutants acquire thermotolerance normally; however, they are defective in the memory of HS. FGT2 interacts with phospholipase D alpha 2 (PLD alpha 2), which is involved in the metabolism of membrane phospholipids and is also required for HS memory. In summary, we have uncovered a previously unknown component of HS memory and identified the FGT2 protein phosphatase and PLD alpha 2 as crucial players, suggesting that phosphatidic acid-dependent signaling or membrane composition dynamics underlie HS memory. KW - priming KW - protein phosphatase KW - stress memory KW - heat stress KW - Arabidopsis KW - thaliana Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14927 SN - 0960-7412 SN - 1365-313X VL - 104 IS - 1 SP - 7 EP - 17 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Creet, Ella A1 - Morris, Julie A1 - Howard, David A1 - Nickels, Lyndsey T1 - Name it again! investigating the effects of repeated naming attempts in aphasia JF - Aphasiology : an international, interdisciplinary journal KW - Aphasia KW - word retrieval KW - naming KW - repeated naming KW - priming Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2019.1622352 SN - 0268-7038 SN - 1464-5041 VL - 33 IS - 10 SP - 1202 EP - 1226 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Czerwon, Beate A1 - Hohlfeld, Annette A1 - Wiese, Heike A1 - Werheid, Katja T1 - The influence of complex verbal stimuli on emotion processing in youngerand older adults investigated by a cross-modal priming task - an ERP study T2 - Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research KW - ERP KW - emotion KW - priming Y1 - 2011 SN - 0048-5772 VL - 48 SP - S59 EP - S59 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Malden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Farhy, Yael A1 - Verissimo, Joao Marques T1 - Semantic Effects in Morphological Priming: The Case of Hebrew Stems JF - Language and speech N2 - To what extent is morphological representation in different languages dependent on semantic information? Unlike Indo-European languages, the Semitic mental lexicon has been argued to be purely "morphologically driven", with complex stems represented in a decomposed format (root + vowel pattern) irrespectively of their semantic properties. We have examined this claim by comparing cross-modal root-priming effects elicited by Hebrew verbs of a productive, open-ended class (Piel) and verbs of a closed-class (Paal). Morphological priming effects were obtained for both verb types, but prime-target semantic relatedness interacted with class, and only modulated responses following Paal, but not Piel primes. We explain these results by postulating different types of morpho-lexical representation for the different classes: structured stems, in the case of Piel, and whole-stems (which lack internal morphological structure), in the case of Paal. We conclude that semantic effects in morphological priming are also obtained in Semitic languages, but they are crucially dependent on type of morpho-lexical representation. KW - Morphology KW - priming KW - Semitic KW - semantic transparency KW - stems Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0023830918811863 SN - 0023-8309 SN - 1756-6053 VL - 62 IS - 4 SP - 737 EP - 750 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Farhy, Yael A1 - Veríssimo, Joao Marques A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Universal and particular in morphological processing BT - evidence from Hebrew JF - The quarterly journal of experimental psychology N2 - Do properties of individual languages shape the mechanisms by which they are processed? By virtue of their non-concatenative morphological structure, the recognition of complex words in Semitic languages has been argued to rely strongly on morphological information and on decomposition into root and pattern constituents. Here, we report results from a masked priming experiment in Hebrew in which we contrasted verb forms belonging to two morphological classes, Paal and Piel, which display similar properties, but crucially differ on whether they are extended to novel verbs. Verbs from the open-class Piel elicited familiar root priming effects, but verbs from the closed-class Paal did not. Our findings indicate that, similarly to other (e.g., Indo-European) languages, down-to-the-root decomposition in Hebrew does not apply to stems of non-productive verbal classes. We conclude that the Semitic word processor is less unique than previously thought: Although it operates on morphological units that are combined in a non-linear way, it engages the same universal mechanisms of storage and computation as those seen in other languages. KW - Language universals KW - morphology KW - priming KW - Semitic Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2017.1310917 SN - 1747-0218 SN - 1747-0226 VL - 71 IS - 5 SP - 1125 EP - 1133 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Friedrich, Thomas A1 - Faivre, Lea A1 - Bäurle-Lenhard, Isabel A1 - Schubert, Daniel T1 - Chromatin-based mechanisms of temperature memory in plants JF - Plant, cell & environment : cell physiology, whole-plant physiology, community physiology N2 - For successful growth and development, plants constantly have to gauge their environment. Plants are capable to monitor their current environmental conditions, and they are also able to integrate environmental conditions over time and store the information induced by the cues. In a developmental context, such an environmental memory is used to align developmental transitions with favourable environmental conditions. One temperature-related example of this is the transition to flowering after experiencing winter conditions, that is, vernalization. In the context of adaptation to stress, such an environmental memory is used to improve stress adaptation even when the stress cues are intermittent. A somatic stress memory has now been described for various stresses, including extreme temperatures, drought, and pathogen infection. At the molecular level, such a memory of the environment is often mediated by epigenetic and chromatin modifications. Histone modifications in particular play an important role. In this review, we will discuss and compare different types of temperature memory and the histone modifications, as well as the reader, writer, and eraser proteins involved. KW - chromatin KW - cold KW - epigenetics KW - heat KW - memory KW - nucleosome remodelling KW - polycomb KW - priming KW - trithorax Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13373 SN - 0140-7791 SN - 1365-3040 VL - 42 IS - 3 SP - 762 EP - 770 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gerstenberg, Annette T1 - Generational styles in oral storytelling BT - What can be learned from narrative priming? JF - Narrative inquiry N2 - When it comes to autobiographical narratives, the most spontaneous and natural manner is preferable. But neither individually told narratives nor those grounded in the communicative repertoire of a social group are easily comparable. A clearly identifiable tertium comparationis is mandatory. We present the results of an experimental ‘Narrative Priming’ setting with French students. A potentially underlying model of narrating from personal experience was activated via a narrative prime, and in a second step, the participants were asked to tell a narrative of their own. The analysis focuses on similarities and differences between the primes and the students’ narratives. The results give evidence for the possibility to elicit a set of comparable narratives via a prime, and to activate an underlying narrative template. Meaningful differences are discussed as generational and age related styles. The transcriptions from the participants that authorized the publication are available online. KW - generational styles KW - priming KW - sociolinguistics KW - experimental KW - positioning KW - narrative templates KW - French KW - doing storytelling KW - narratives from personal experience KW - spoken language Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1075/ni.18042.ger SN - 1387-6740 VL - 29 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 28 PB - John Benjamins Publishing Co. CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Haase, Jennifer T1 - How games spoil creativity BT - a creative mindset priming study T2 - International conference of ISPIM / International Society for Professional Innovation Management : papers / Graduate School of Industrial Engineering and Management Science, Eindhoven University of Technology N2 - The demand for a creative workforce is every growing and effective measures to improve individual creativity are searched for. This study analyzes the possibility to use games as a prime for a creative mindset. Two short entertainment games, plus a no-game-comparison condition were set up in three versions of an online-study, along with two creativity tasks and scales to assess the individual creative mindset (fixed-vs-growth, creative self-efficacy and affect). Results indicate priming effects of the games, but in the opposite intended direction: gaming diminished the creative test performances. Those playing the games reported more ideas in the open-ended creative problem task, but those answers were of less quality and they solved less closed-problem items compared to those not playing. An impact of further mindset differences could be ruled out. KW - Creativity KW - mindset KW - priming KW - gaming KW - improvement KW - enhancement Y1 - 2020 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - International Society for Professional Innovation Management CY - Manchester ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haase, Jennifer A1 - Hanel, Paul H. P. T1 - Priming creativity: Doing math reduces creativity and happiness whereas playing short online games enhance them JF - Frontiers in Education N2 - Creative thinking is an indispensable cognitive skill that is becoming increasingly important. In the present research, we tested the impact of games on creativity and emotions in a between-subject online experiment with four conditions (N = 658). (1) participants played a simple puzzle game that allowed many solutions (priming divergent thinking); (2) participants played a short game that required one fitting solution (priming convergent thinking); (3) participants performed mental arithmetic; (4) passive control condition. Results show that divergent and convergent creativity were higher after playing games and lower after mental arithmetic. Positive emotions did not function as a mediator, even though they were also heightened after playing the games and lower after mental arithmetic. However, contrary to previous research, we found no direct effect of emotions, creative self-efficacy, and growth- vs. fixed on creative performance. We discuss practical implications for digital learning and application settings. KW - creativity KW - priming KW - enhancement KW - math KW - games KW - happiness Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.976459 SN - 2504-284X PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hilker, Monika A1 - Schwachtje, Jens A1 - Baier, Margarete A1 - Balazadeh, Salma A1 - Bäurle, Isabel A1 - Geiselhardt, Sven A1 - Hincha, Dirk K. A1 - Kunze, Reinhard A1 - Mueller-Roeber, Bernd A1 - Rillig, Matthias G. A1 - Rolff, Jens A1 - Schmülling, Thomas A1 - Steppuhn, Anke A1 - van Dongen, Joost A1 - Whitcomb, Sarah J. A1 - Wurst, Susanne A1 - Zuther, Ellen A1 - Kopka, Joachim T1 - Priming and memory of stress responses in organisms lacking a nervous system JF - Biological reviews KW - priming KW - stress signalling KW - epigenetics KW - memory KW - fitness KW - stress tolerance KW - defence KW - bet hedging Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12215 SN - 1464-7931 SN - 1469-185X VL - 91 SP - 1118 EP - 1133 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, Hsiang-chin A1 - Lämke, Jörn A1 - Lin, Siou-ying A1 - Hung, Meng-Ju A1 - Liu, Kuan-Ming A1 - Charng, Yee-yung A1 - Bäurle, Isabel T1 - Distinct heat shock factors and chromatin modifications mediate the organ-autonomous transcriptional memory of heat stress JF - The plant journal N2 - Plants can be primed by a stress cue to mount a faster or stronger activation of defense mechanisms upon subsequent stress. A crucial component of such stress priming is the modified reactivation of genes upon recurring stress; however, the underlying mechanisms of this are poorly understood. Here, we report that dozens of Arabidopsis thaliana genes display transcriptional memory, i.e. stronger upregulation after a recurring heat stress, that lasts for at least 3 days. We define a set of transcription factors involved in this memory response and show that the transcriptional memory results in enhanced transcriptional activation within minutes of the onset of a heat stress cue. Further, we show that the transcriptional memory is active in all tissues. It may last for up to a week, and is associated during this time with histone H3 lysine 4 hypermethylation. This transcriptional memory is cis-encoded, as we identify a promoter fragment that confers memory onto a heterologous gene. In summary, heat-induced transcriptional memory is a widespread and sustained response, and our study provides a framework for future mechanistic studies of somatic stress memory in higher plants. KW - epigenetics KW - priming KW - heat stress KW - H3K4 methylation KW - transcriptional memory KW - Arabidopsis thaliana KW - HSF Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.13958 SN - 0960-7412 SN - 1365-313X VL - 95 IS - 3 SP - 401 EP - 413 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lämke, Jörn A1 - Brzezinka, Krzysztof A1 - Altmann, Simone A1 - Bäurle, Isabel T1 - A hit-and-run heat shock factor governs sustained histone methylation and transcriptional stress memory JF - The EMBO journal N2 - In nature, plants often encounter chronic or recurring stressful conditions. Recent results indicate that plants can remember a past exposure to stress to be better prepared for a future stress incident. However, the molecular basis of this is poorly understood. Here, we report the involvement of chromatin modifications in the maintenance of acquired thermotolerance (heat stress [HS] memory). HS memory is associated with the accumulation of histone H3 lysine 4 di- and trimethylation at memory-related loci. This accumulation outlasts their transcriptional activity and marks them as recently transcriptionally active. High accumulation of H3K4 methylation is associated with hyper-induction of gene expression upon a recurring HS. This transcriptional memory and the sustained accumulation of H3K4 methylation depend on HSFA2, a transcription factor that is required for HS memory, but not initial heat responses. Interestingly, HSFA2 associates with memory-related loci transiently during the early stages following HS. In summary, we show that transcriptional memory after HS is associated with sustained H3K4 hyper-methylation and depends on a hit-and-run transcription factor, thus providing a molecular framework for HS memory. KW - chromatin KW - H3K4 methylation KW - heat shock transcription factor KW - priming KW - transcriptional memory Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.201592593 SN - 0261-4189 SN - 1460-2075 VL - 35 SP - 162 EP - 175 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Omidbakhshfard, Mohammad Amin A1 - Neerakkal, Sujeeth A1 - Gupta, Saurabh A1 - Omranian, Nooshin A1 - Guinan, Kieran J. A1 - Brotman, Yariv A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran A1 - Fernie, Alisdair R. A1 - Mueller-Roeber, Bernd A1 - Gechev, Tsanko S. T1 - A Biostimulant Obtained from the Seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum Protects Arabidopsis thaliana from Severe Oxidative Stress JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - Abiotic stresses cause oxidative damage in plants. Here, we demonstrate that foliar application of an extract from the seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum, SuperFifty (SF), largely prevents paraquat (PQ)-induced oxidative stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. While PQ-stressed plants develop necrotic lesions, plants pre-treated with SF (i.e., primed plants) were unaffected by PQ. Transcriptome analysis revealed induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) marker genes, genes involved in ROS-induced programmed cell death, and autophagy-related genes after PQ treatment. These changes did not occur in PQ-stressed plants primed with SF. In contrast, upregulation of several carbohydrate metabolism genes, growth, and hormone signaling as well as antioxidant-related genes were specific to SF-primed plants. Metabolomic analyses revealed accumulation of the stress-protective metabolite maltose and the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates fumarate and malate in SF-primed plants. Lipidome analysis indicated that those lipids associated with oxidative stress-induced cell death and chloroplast degradation, such as triacylglycerols (TAGs), declined upon SF priming. Our study demonstrated that SF confers tolerance to PQ-induced oxidative stress in A. thaliana, an effect achieved by modulating a range of processes at the transcriptomic, metabolic, and lipid levels. KW - Ascophyllum nodosum KW - Arabidopsis thaliana KW - biostimulant KW - paraquat KW - priming KW - oxidative stress tolerance KW - reactive oxygen species Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21020474 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 21 IS - 2 PB - Molecular Diversity Preservation International CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneeberger, Karin A1 - Eccard, Jana T1 - Experience of social density during early life is associated with attraction to conspecific odour in the common vole (Microtus arvalis) JF - Ethology : international journal of behavioural biology N2 - Social organisation in species with fluctuating population sizes can change with density. Therefore, information on (future) density obtained during early life stages may be associated with social behaviour. Olfactory cues may carry important social information. We investigated whether early life experience of different experimental densities was subsequently associated with differences in attraction to adult conspecific odours. We used common voles (Microtus arvalis), a rodent species undergoing extreme density fluctuations. We found that individuals originating from high experimental density populations kept in large outdoor enclosures invested more time in inspecting conspecific olfactory cues than individuals from low-density populations. Generally, voles from both treatments spent more time with the olfactory cues than expected by chance and did not differ in their latency to approach the odour samples. Our findings indicate either that early experience affects odour sensitivity or that animals evaluate the social information contained in conspecific odours differently, depending on their early life experience of conspecific density. KW - early experience KW - olfactory KW - population cycles KW - priming KW - rodents Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.13211 SN - 0179-1613 SN - 1439-0310 VL - 127 IS - 10 SP - 908 EP - 913 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sedaghatmehr, Mastoureh A1 - Thirumalaikumar, Venkatesh P. A1 - Kamranfar, Iman A1 - Marmagne, Anne A1 - Masclaux-Daubresse, Celine A1 - Balazadeh, Salma T1 - A regulatory role of autophagy for resetting the memory of heat stress in plants JF - Plant, cell & environment : cell physiology, whole-plant physiology, community physiology N2 - As sessile life forms, plants are repeatedly confronted with adverse environmental conditions, which can impair development, growth, and reproduction. During evolution, plants have established mechanisms to orchestrate the delicate balance between growth and stress tolerance, to reset cellular biochemistry once stress vanishes, or to keep a molecular memory, which enables survival of a harsher stress that may arise later. Although there are several examples of memory in diverse plants species, the molecular machinery underlying the formation, duration, and resetting of stress memories is largely unknown so far. We report here that autophagy, a central self-degradative process, assists in resetting cellular memory of heat stress (HS) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Autophagy is induced by thermopriming (moderate HS) and, intriguingly, remains high long after stress termination. We demonstrate that autophagy mediates the specific degradation of heat shock proteins at later stages of the thermorecovery phase leading to the accumulation of protein aggregates after the second HS and a compromised heat tolerance. Autophagy mutants retain heat shock proteins longer than wild type and concomitantly display improved thermomemory. Our findings reveal a novel regulatory mechanism for HS memory in plants. KW - Arabidopsis KW - heat shock proteins KW - priming KW - resetting Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13426 SN - 0140-7791 SN - 1365-3040 VL - 42 IS - 3 SP - 1054 EP - 1064 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Uygun, Serkan A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - Morphological processing in heritage speakers BT - a masked priming study on the Turkish aorist JF - Bilingualism : language and cognition N2 - Previous research has shown that heritage speakers struggle with inflectional morphology. 'Limitations of online resources' for processing a non-dominant language has been claimed as one possible reason for these difficulties. To date, however, there is very little experimental evidence on real-time language processing in heritage speakers. Here we report results from a masked priming experiment with 97 bilingual (Turkish/German) heritage speakers and a control group of 40 non-heritage speakers of Turkish examining regular and irregular forms of the Turkish aorist. We found that, for the regular aorist, heritage speakers use the same morphological decomposition mechanism ('affix stripping') as control speakers, whereas for processing irregularly inflected forms they exhibited more variability (i.e., less homogeneous performance) than the control group. Heritage speakers also demonstrated semantic priming effects. At a more general level, these results indicate that heritage speakers draw on multiple sources of information for recognizing morphologically complex words. KW - Turkish KW - morphology KW - aorist KW - priming KW - variability KW - processing Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728920000577 SN - 1366-7289 SN - 1469-1841 VL - 24 IS - 3 SP - 415 EP - 426 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - Cambridge ER -