TY - JOUR A1 - Seiß, Martin A1 - Albers, Nicole A1 - Sremčević, Miodrag A1 - Schmidt, Jürgen A1 - Salo, Heikki A1 - Seiler, Michael A1 - Hoffmann, Holger A1 - Spahn, Frank T1 - Hydrodynamic Simulations of Moonlet-induced Propellers in Saturn's Rings BT - Application to Bleriot JF - The astronomical journal N2 - One of the biggest successes of the Cassini mission is the detection of small moons (moonlets) embedded in Saturns rings that cause S-shaped density structures in their close vicinity, called propellers. Here, we present isothermal hydrodynamic simulations of moonlet-induced propellers in Saturn's A ring that denote a further development of the original model. We find excellent agreement between these new hydrodynamic and corresponding N-body simulations. Furthermore, the hydrodynamic simulations confirm the predicted scaling laws and the analytical solution for the density in the propeller gaps. Finally, this mean field approach allows us to simulate the pattern of the giant propeller Blériot, which is too large to be modeled by direct N-body simulations. Our results are compared to two stellar occultation observations by the Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (UVIS), which intersect the propeller Blériot. Best fits to the UVIS optical depth profiles are achieved for a Hill radius of 590 m, which implies a moonlet diameter of about 860 m. Furthermore, the model favors a kinematic shear viscosity of the surrounding ring material of ν0 = 340 cm2 s−1, a dispersion velocity in the range of 0.3 cm s−1 < c0 < 1.5 cm s−1, and a fairly high bulk viscosity 7 < ξ0/ν0 < 17. These large transport values might be overestimated by our isothermal ring model and should be reviewed by an extended model including thermal fluctuations. KW - diffusion KW - hydrodynamics KW - planets and satellites: rings Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aaed44 SN - 0004-6256 SN - 1538-3881 VL - 157 IS - 1 PB - IOP Publishing Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pourteau, Amaury A1 - Scherer, Erik E. A1 - Schorn, Simon A1 - Bast, Rebecca A1 - Schmidt, Alexander A1 - Ebert, Lisa T1 - Thermal evolution of an ancient subduction interface revealed by Lu-Hf garnet geochronology, Halilbagi Complex (Anatolia) JF - Geoscience Frontiers N2 - The thermal structure of subduction zones exerts a major influence on deep-seated mechanical and chemical processes controlling arc magmatism, seismicity, and global element cycles. Accretionary complexes exposed inland may comprise tectonic blocks with contrasting pressure-temperature (P-T) histories, making it possible to investigate the dynamics and thermal evolution of former subduction interfaces. With this aim, we present new Lu-Hf geochronological results for mafic rocks of the Halilbagi Complex (Anatolia) that evolved along different thermal gradients. Samples include a lawsonite-epidote blueschist, a lawsonite-epidote eclogite, and an epidote eclogite (all with counter-clockwise P-T paths), a prograde lawsonite blueschist with a "hairpin"-type P-T path, and a garnet amphibolite from the overlying sub-ophiolitic metamorphic sole. Equilibrium phase diagrams suggest that the garnet amphibolite formed at similar to 0.6-0.7 GPa and 800-850 degrees C, whereas the prograde lawsonite blueschist records burial from 2.1 GPa and 420 degrees C to 2.6 GPa and 520 degrees C. Well-defined Lu-Hf isochrons were obtained for the epidote eclogite (92.38 +/- 0.22 Ma) and the lawsonite-epidote blueschist (90.19 +/- 0.54 Ma), suggesting rapid garnet growth. The lawsonite-epidote eclogite (87.30 +/- 0.39 Ma) and the prograde lawsonite blueschist (ca. 86 Ma) are younger, whereas the garnet amphibolite (104.5 +/- 3.5 Ma) is older. Our data reveal a consistent trend of progressively decreasing geothermal gradient from granulite-facies conditions at similar to 104 Ma to the epidote-eclogite facies around 92 Ma, and the lawsonite blueschist-facies between 90 Ma and 86 Ma. Three Lu-Hf garnet dates (between 92 Ma and 87 Ma) weighted toward the growth of post-peak rims (as indicated by Lu distribution in garnet) suggest that the HP/LT rocks were exhumed continuously and not episodically. We infer that HP/LT metamorphic rocks within the Halilbagi Complex were subjected to continuous return flow, with "warm" rocks being exhumed during the tectonic burial of "cold" ones. Our results, combined with regional geological constraints, allow us to speculate that subduction started at a transform fault near a mid-oceanic spreading centre. Following its formation, this ancient subduction interface evolved thermally over more than 15 Myr, most likely as a result of heat dissipation rather than crustal underplating. (C) 2018, China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Peking University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. KW - Subduction KW - Lu/Hf dating of garnet KW - Metamorphic sole KW - Eclogite KW - Blueschist KW - Lawsonite Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2018.03.004 SN - 1674-9871 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 127 EP - 148 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scianna, Bastian Matteo T1 - Rebuilding an Austrian Army BT - The Bundesheer’s Founding Generation and the Wehrmacht Past, 1955–1970 JF - War in History N2 - After the Second World War, a new Austrian Army (the Bundesheer) was formed to guarantee the country’s armed neutrality. But the period between 1938 and 1945 remained a point of contention. While some Austrian officers had been sidelined, the majority had served in the Wehrmacht and thus shared experiences and soldierly values. As Cold War realities necessitated a professional experienced army, a group around Erwin Fussenegger (1908–1986) dominated the new Bundesheer and contemplations about reforming the military culture and value system were postponed; while at the same time, the Bundesheer managed to prevent becoming a mere continuation of the Wehrmacht. KW - Austria KW - Wehrmacht KW - Second World War KW - Cold War KW - military culture KW - Bundesheer Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0968344516682057 SN - 0968-3445 SN - 1477-0385 VL - 26 IS - 1 SP - 105 EP - 123 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Coloma, Sebastian A1 - Gaedke, Ursula A1 - Sivonen, Kaarina A1 - Hiltunen, Teppo T1 - Frequency of virus-resistant hosts determines experimental community dynamics JF - Ecology : a publication of the Ecological Society of America N2 - Parasites, such as bacterial viruses (phages), can have large effects on host populations both at the ecological and evolutionary levels. In the case of cyanobacteria, phages can reduce primary production and infected hosts release intracellular nutrients influencing planktonic food web structure, community dynamics, and biogeochemical cycles. Cyanophages may be of great importance in aquatic food webs during large cyanobacterial blooms unless the host population becomes resistant to phage infection. The consequences on plankton community dynamics of the evolution of phage resistance in bloom forming cyanobacterial populations are still poorly studied. Here, we examined the effect of different frequencies of a phage-resistant genotype within a filamentous nitrogen-fixing Nodularia spumigena population on an experimental plankton community. Three Nodularia populations with different initial frequencies (0%, 5%, and 50%) of phage-resistant genotypes were inoculated in separate treatments with the phage 2AV2, the green alga Chlorella vulgaris, and the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, which formed the experimental plankton community subjected to either nitrogen-limited or nitrogen-rich conditions. We found that the frequency of the phage-resistant Nodularia genotype determined experimental community dynamics. Cyanobacterial populations with a high frequency (50%) of the phage-resistant genotype dominated the cultures despite the presence of phages, retaining most of the intracellular nitrogen in the plankton community. In contrast, populations with low frequencies (0% and 5%) of the phage-resistant genotype were lysed and reduced to extinction by the phage, transferring the intracellular nitrogen held by Nodularia to Chlorella and rotifers, and allowing Chlorella to dominate the communities and rotifers to survive. This study shows that even though phages represent minuscule biomass, they can have key effects on community composition and eco-evolutionary feedbacks in plankton communities. KW - cyanobacteria KW - eco-evolutionary feedbacks KW - experimental evolution KW - host-parasite interaction KW - phage resistance KW - predator-prey interaction Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2554 SN - 0012-9658 SN - 1939-9170 VL - 100 IS - 1 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Foster, William J. A1 - Heindel, Katrin A1 - Richoz, Sylvain A1 - Gliwa, Jana A1 - Lehrmann, Daniel J. A1 - Baud, Aymon A1 - Kolar-Jurkovsek, Tea A1 - Aljinovic, Dunja A1 - Jurkovsek, Bogdan A1 - Korn, Dieter A1 - Martindale, Rowan C. A1 - Peckmann, Jörn T1 - Suppressed competitive exclusion enabled the proliferation of Permian/Triassic boundary microbialites JF - The Depositional Record : the open access journal of the International Association of Sedimentologists N2 - During the earliest Triassic microbial mats flourished in the photic zones of marginal seas, generating widespread microbialites. It has been suggested that anoxic conditions in shallow marine environments, linked to the end-Permian mass extinction, limited mat-inhibiting metazoans allowing for this microbialite expansion. The presence of a diverse suite of proxies indicating oxygenated shallow sea-water conditions (metazoan fossils, biomarkers and redox proxies) from microbialite successions have, however, challenged the inference of anoxic conditions. Here, the distribution and faunal composition of Griesbachian microbialites from China, Iran, Turkey, Armenia, Slovenia and Hungary are investigated to determine the factors that allowed microbialite-forming microbial mats to flourish following the end-Permian crisis. The results presented here show that Neotethyan microbial buildups record a unique faunal association due to the presence of keratose sponges, while the Palaeotethyan buildups have a higher proportion of molluscs and the foraminifera Earlandia. The distribution of the faunal components within the microbial fabrics suggests that, except for the keratose sponges and some microconchids, most of the metazoans were transported into the microbial framework via wave currents. The presence of both microbialites and metazoan associations were limited to oxygenated settings, suggesting that a factor other than anoxia resulted in a relaxation of ecological constraints following the mass extinction event. It is inferred that the end-Permian mass extinction event decreased the diversity and abundance of metazoans to the point of significantly reducing competition, allowing photosynthesis-based microbial mats to flourish in shallow water settings and resulting in the formation of widespread microbialites. KW - Competitive exclusion KW - Permian KW - Triassic KW - mass extinction KW - microbialites KW - palaeoecology Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/dep2.97 SN - 2055-4877 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 62 EP - 74 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jia, He A1 - Friebe, Christian A1 - Schubert, Ulrich S. A1 - Zhang, Xiaozhe A1 - Quan, Ting A1 - Lu, Yan A1 - Gohy, Jean-Francois T1 - Core-Shell Nanoparticles with a Redox Polymer Core and a Silica Porous Shell as High-Performance Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries JF - Energy technology : generation, conversion, storage, distribution N2 - A facile and novel method for the fabrication of core-shell nanoparticles (PTMA@SiO2) based on a poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy-4-yl methacrylate) (PTMA) core and a porous SiO2 shell is reported. The core-shell nanoparticles are further self-assembled with negatively charged multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), which results in the formation of a free-standing cathode electrode. The porous SiO2 shell not only effectively improves the stability of the linear PTMA redox polymer with low molar mass in organic electrolytes but also leads to the uniform dispersion of PTMA active units in the MWCNTs conductive network. The PTMA@SiO2@MWCNT composite electrode exhibits a specific capacity as high as 73.8 mAh g at 1 C and only 0.11% capacity loss per cycle at a rate of 2 C. KW - composite electrodes KW - core-shell nanoparticles KW - energy storage KW - lithium-ion batteries KW - redox polymers Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.201901040 SN - 2194-4288 SN - 2194-4296 VL - 8 IS - 3 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Barth, Sophia A1 - Geertsema, Marten A1 - Bevington, Alexandre R. A1 - Bird, Alison L. A1 - Clague, John J. A1 - Millard, Tom A1 - Bobrowsky, Peter T. A1 - Hasler, Andreas A1 - Liu, Hongjiang T1 - Landslide response to the 27 October 2012 earthquake (M-W 7.8), southern Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, Canada JF - Landslides : journal of the International Consortium on Landslides, ICL N2 - In this paper, we examine the influence of the 27 October 2012, M-w 7.8 earthquake on landslide occurrence in the southern half of Haida Gwaii (formerly Queen Charlotte Islands), British Columbia, Canada. Our 1350 km(2) study area is undisturbed, primarily forested terrain that has not experienced road building or timber harvesting. Our inventory of landslide polygons is based on optical airborne and spaceborne images acquired between 2007 and 2018, from which we extracted and mapped 446 individual landslides (an average of 33 landslides per 100 km(2)). The landslide rate in years without major earthquakes averages 19.4 per year, or 1.4/100 km(2)/year, and the annual average area covered by non-seismically triggered landslides is 35 ha/year. The number of landslides identified in imagery closely following the 2012 earthquake, and probably triggered by it, is 244 or an average of about 18 landslides per 100 km(2). These landslides cover a total area of 461 ha. In the following years-2013-2016 and 2016-2018-the number of landslides fell, respectively, to 26 and 13.5 landslides per year. In non-earthquake years, most landslides happen on south-facing slopes, facing the prevailing winds. In contrast, during or immediately after the earthquake, up to 32% of the landslides occurred on north and northwest-facing slopes. Although we could not find imagery from the day after the earthquake, overview reconnaissance flights 10 and 16 days later showed that most of the landslides were recent, suggesting they were co-seismic. KW - Landslide KW - Earthquake KW - British Columbia KW - Haida Gwaii Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-019-01292-7 SN - 1612-510X SN - 1612-5118 VL - 17 IS - 3 SP - 517 EP - 526 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gefen-Treves, Shany A1 - Kedem, Isaac A1 - Weiss, Gad A1 - Wagner, Dirk A1 - Tchernov, Dan A1 - Kaplan, Aaron T1 - Acclimation of a rocky shore algal reef builder Neogoniolithon sp. to changing illuminations JF - Limnology and oceanography e-lectures / Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography N2 - Vermetid reefs and rocky shores are hot spots of biodiversity, often referred to as the subtropical equivalent of coral reefs. The development of the ecosystem depends on the activity of several reef builders, including red crustose coralline algae (CCA) such as Neogoniolithon brassica-florida. Despite its importance, little is known about Neogoniolithon sp. acclimation to rapid changes in light intensity and corresponding photosynthetic activity. To overcome the large spatial variability in the light field (due to location and the porous nature of the rocks) we grew Neogoniolithon sp. on glass slides and characterized its photosynthetic performance in response to various light intensities by following O-2 exchange and fluorescence parameters. This was also performed on rock-inhabiting thalli collected from the east Mediterranean basin. Generally, maximal photosynthetic rate was reached when Neogoniolithon sp. thalli grown under low illumination (such as in protected niches where the light intensity can be as low as 1% of surface illumination) were examined. When exposed to light intensities higher than those experienced during growth, Neogoniolithon sp. activates adaptive/protective mechanisms such as state transition and nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching and increases the dark respiration thereafter. We find that the Fv/Fm parameter (variable/maximal fluorescence) is not suitable to assess photosynthetic performance in Neogoniolithon sp. and propose using instead an alternative parameter recently developed. Our findings help to clarify why Neogoniolithon sp. is usually observed in shaded niches along the reef surfaces. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11245 SN - 0024-3590 SN - 1939-5590 VL - 65 IS - 1 SP - 27 EP - 36 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike T1 - Legacy of the Last Glacial on the present-day distribution of deciduous versus evergreen boreal forests JF - Global ecology and biogeography : a journal of macroecology N2 - Issue Despite their rather similar climatic conditions, eastern Eurasia and northern North America are largely covered by different plant functional types (deciduous or evergreen boreal forest) composed of larch or pine, spruce and fir, respectively. I propose that these deciduous and evergreen boreal forests represent alternative quasi-stable states, triggered by their different northern tree refugia that reflect the different environmental conditions experienced during the Last Glacial. Evidence This view is supported by palaeoecological and environmental evidence. Once established, Asian larch forests are likely to have stabilized through a complex vegetation-fire-permafrost soil-climate feedback system. Conclusion With respect to future forest developments, this implies that Asian larch forests are likely to be governed by long-term trajectories and are therefore largely resistant to natural climate variability on time-scales shorter than millennia. The effects of regional human impact and anthropogenic global warming might, however, cause certain stability thresholds to be crossed, meaning that irreversible transitions occur and resulting in marked consequences for ecosystem services on these human-relevant time-scales. KW - boreal forests KW - Glacial refugia KW - Holocene KW - Larix larch KW - permafrost ecosystems KW - Palaeoecology KW - Siberia KW - vegetation-climate-fire-soil feedbacks KW - vegetation states KW - vegetation trajectories Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13018 SN - 1466-822X SN - 1466-8238 VL - 29 IS - 2 SP - 198 EP - 206 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Roos, Saskia T1 - The Dirac operator under collapse to a smooth limit space JF - Annals of global analysis and geometry N2 - Let (M-i, g(i))(i is an element of N) be a sequence of spin manifolds with uniform bounded curvature and diameter that converges to a lower-dimensional Riemannian manifold (B, h) in the Gromov-Hausdorff topology. Then, it happens that the spectrum of the Dirac operator converges to the spectrum of a certain first-order elliptic differential operator D-B on B. We give an explicit description of D-B and characterize the special case where D-B equals the Dirac operator on B. KW - Collapse KW - Dirac operator KW - Spin geometry Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10455-019-09691-8 SN - 0232-704X SN - 1572-9060 VL - 57 IS - 1 SP - 121 EP - 151 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jose Clemente-Moreno, Maria A1 - Omranian, Nooshin A1 - Saez, Patricia A1 - Maria Figueroa, Carlos A1 - Del-Saz, Nestor A1 - Elso, Mhartyn A1 - Poblete, Leticia A1 - Orf, Isabel A1 - Cuadros-Inostroza, Alvaro A1 - Cavieres, Lohengrin A1 - Bravo, Leon A1 - Fernie, Alisdair R. A1 - Ribas-Carbo, Miquel A1 - Flexas, Jaume A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran A1 - Brotman, Yariv A1 - Gago, Jorge T1 - Cytochrome respiration pathway and sulphur metabolism sustain stress tolerance to low temperature in the Antarctic species Colobanthus quitensis JF - New phytologist : international journal of plant science N2 - Understanding the strategies employed by plant species that live in extreme environments offers the possibility to discover stress tolerance mechanisms. We studied the physiological, antioxidant and metabolic responses to three temperature conditions (4, 15, and 23 degrees C) of Colobanthus quitensis (CQ), one of the only two native vascular species in Antarctica. We also employed Dianthus chinensis (DC), to assess the effects of the treatments in a non-Antarctic species from the same family. Using fused LASSO modelling, we associated physiological and biochemical antioxidant responses with primary metabolism. This approach allowed us to highlight the metabolic pathways driving the response specific to CQ. Low temperature imposed dramatic reductions in photosynthesis (up to 88%) but not in respiration (sustaining rates of 3.0-4.2 mu mol CO2 m(-2) s(-1)) in CQ, and no change in the physiological stress parameters was found. Its notable antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial cytochrome respiratory activity (20 and two times higher than DC, respectively), which ensure ATP production even at low temperature, was significantly associated with sulphur-containing metabolites and polyamines. Our findings potentially open new biotechnological opportunities regarding the role of antioxidant compounds and respiratory mechanisms associated with sulphur metabolism in stress tolerance strategies to low temperature. KW - Antarctica KW - antioxidant capacity KW - low temperature KW - photosynthesis KW - respiration KW - stress tolerance KW - sulphur metabolism Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16167 SN - 0028-646X SN - 1469-8137 VL - 225 IS - 2 SP - 754 EP - 768 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ehm, Jan-Henning A1 - Lonnemann, Jan A1 - Brandenburg, Janin A1 - Huschka, Sina Simone A1 - Hasselhorn, Marcus A1 - Lervag, Arne T1 - Exploring factors underlying children’s acquisition and retrieval of sound sound-symbol association skills JF - Journal of experimental child psychology N2 - Letter knowledge is considered an important cognitive foundation for learning to read. The underlying mechanisms of the association between letter knowledge and reading skills are, however, not fully understood. Acquiring letter knowledge depends on the ability to learn and retrieve sound–symbol pairings. In the current study, this process was explored by setting preschool children’s (N = 242, mean age = 5.57 years) performance in the acquisition and retrieval of a paired associate learning (PAL) task in relation to their letter knowledge as well as to their performance in tasks assessing precursors of reading skills (i.e., phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming, phonological short-term memory, backward recall, and response inhibition). Multiple regression analyses revealed that performance in the acquisition of the PAL task was significantly associated with phonological awareness and backward recall, whereas performance in the retrieval of the PAL task was significantly associated with rapid automatized naming, phonological awareness, and backward recall. Moreover, PAL proved to be mediating the relation between reading precursors and letter knowledge. Together, these findings indicate that the acquisition of letter knowledge may depend on a visual–verbal associative learning mechanism and that different factors contribute to the acquisition and retrieval of such visual–verbal associations. KW - Visual-verbal associative learning KW - Phonological awareness KW - Letter knowledge KW - Rapid automatized naming KW - Working memory KW - Reading Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2018.07.006 SN - 0022-0965 SN - 1096-0457 VL - 177 SP - 86 EP - 99 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ponce, Carol Barahona A1 - Scherer, Dominique A1 - Boekstegers, Felix A1 - Garate-Calderon, Valentina A1 - Jenab, Mazda A1 - Aleksandrova, Krasimira A1 - Katzke, Verena A1 - Weiderpass, Elisabete A1 - Bonet, Catalina A1 - Moradi, Tahereh A1 - Fischer, Krista A1 - Bossers, Willem A1 - Brenner, Hermann A1 - Schöttker, Ben A1 - Holleczek, Bernd A1 - Hveem, Kristian A1 - Eklund, Niina A1 - Voelker, Uwe A1 - Waldenberger, Melanie A1 - Bermejo, Justo Lorenzo T1 - Arsenic and gallbladder cancer risk BT - Mendelian randomization analysis of European prospective data T2 - International journal of cancer KW - arsenic KW - gallbladder cancer KW - Mendelian randomization Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.32837 SN - 0020-7136 SN - 1097-0215 VL - 146 IS - 9 SP - 2648 EP - 2650 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sublett, David Matthew A1 - Sendula, Eszter A1 - Lamadrid, Hector A1 - Steele-MacInnis, Matthew A1 - Spiekermann, Georg A1 - Burruss, Robert C. A1 - Bodnar, Robert J. T1 - Shift in the Raman symmetric stretching band of N-2, CO2, and CH4 as a function of temperature, pressure, and density JF - Journal of Raman spectroscopy : JRS N2 - The Raman spectra of pure N-2, CO2, and CH4 were analyzed over the range 10 to 500 bars and from -160 degrees C to 200 degrees C (N-2), 22 degrees C to 350 degrees C (CO2), and -100 degrees C to 450 degrees C (CH4). At constant temperature, Raman peak position, including the more intense CO2 peak (nu+), decreases (shifts to lower wave number) with increasing pressure for all three gases over the entire pressure and temperature (PT) range studied. At constant pressure, the peak position for CO2 and CH4 increases (shifts to higher wave number) with increasing temperature over the entire PT range studied. In contrast, N-2 first shows an increase in peak position with increasing temperature at constant pressure, followed by a decrease in peak position with increasing temperature. The inflection temperature at which the trend reverses for N-2 is located between 0 degrees C and 50 degrees C at pressures above similar to 50 bars and is pressure dependent. Below similar to 50 bars, the inflection temperature was observed as low as -120 degrees C. The shifts in Raman peak positions with PT are related to relative density changes, which reflect changes in intermolecular attraction and repulsion. A conceptual model relating the Raman spectral properties of N-2, CO2, and CH4 to relative density (volume) changes and attractive and repulsive forces is presented here. Additionally, reduced temperature-dependent densimeters and barometers are presented for each pure component over the respective PT ranges. The Raman spectral behavior of the pure gases as a function of temperature and pressure is assessed to provide a framework for understanding the behavior of each component in multicomponent N-2-CO2-CH4 gas systems in a future study. KW - fluids KW - wave number KW - attraction KW - repulsion Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.5805 SN - 0377-0486 SN - 1097-4555 VL - 51 IS - 3 SP - 555 EP - 568 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Franzke, Jochen T1 - Rezension zu: The Routledge handbook of international local government / edited by Richard Kerley, Joyce Liddle and Pamela T. Dunning. - London: Routledge, 2018. - 528 pp. - ISBN: 978- 11-3823-472-7, ISBN: 978-1-31530-627-8 JF - Local government studies N2 - When I took up the task of writing a review of the Routledge handbook of international local government, it occurred to me, as a member of the generation of the 1950s, that I had not even considered whether such compendiums were even necessary in times of easy internet searching. This review will look at whether that is indeed the case. Social-science handbooks naturally are very broad. This also applies to the particular handbook under review. It comprises six content-thematic parts with 33 chapters by 73 authors from 21 countries, with the UK and USA dominant. The focal points, discussed in more detail below, are local elections and local governance, local governments in different jurisdictions, the challenges of local government services, citizen engagement in local affairs, and local authorities in multi-level finance systems that shape how municipal governments ‘get and spend’ public money. These are exactly the topics actually discussed in the international community of political scientists. As a preliminary, the editors work out the theoretical-methodological foundations of the topic. They define ‘the local’ as ‘geographically defined sub-national state administrative or political divisions’ (p. 3). As next steps, they analyse the difference between government and governance, and investigate whether local government is globally important and relevant. Fortunately, they conclude that this is indeed the case. Part I of the handbook illustrates ‘substantive variations’ in the local electoral systems and ‘notable divergences in the values and assumptions of local governance among democratic countries’ (p. 23). That topic is indeed central to local authorities’ legitimacy in democratic political systems. The focus of this part of the handbook is on current research and debates around local electoral systems, the challenges of local political leadership and the councillor’s role in modern local policy. Current trends at the local level are analysed from the actors’ perspectives or from an economic point of view by comparing institutionalised differences in city managers, mayors and council members across different jurisdictions. Sections that investigate traditional leadership and local government in Pacific Island countries are of particular interest to most Western readers, because in Europe and North America we know too little about such issues in that part of the world. Part II of the handbook presents current development processes and challenges in various local government systems. The chapters are territorially oriented around nation states or sub-national regions. This part of the handbook deal with local government in the Pacific Islands, Latin America, and New Zealand and in the Caribbean. However, the rationale behind country selection is not always clear; important countries like China, India and Nigeria, just to name a few, are absent. Unfortunately, there is no summary article highlighting similarities and differences, as well as the challenges in local government, relating to the countries studied in the book. The development of local services is the focus of Part III of the handbook, however, the definition of local services remains highly controversial and their scope varies widely between the countries. From the 1980s onwards, there was a long-term trend towards the marketisation and economisation of local politics, but since the turn of the millennium, there has been a counter-trend of the return of municipalities and third sector in the fields of local public services (Wollmann 2018). The book analyses the US and Georgia as case studies for development trends, finding that local government entrepreneurship remains an important factor in promoting economic development and strengthening capacities. I was pleased to see that Part IV, the next and most extensive part of the handbook, deals with citizen engagement, because the future of local self-government across the world depends not only on top down activities by local governing elites, but above all on the commitment of the inhabitants of cities and municipalities. Practices and challenges of citizen participation in local government are analysed in inspiring case studies of mid-sized cities in Russia and the United States. The contribution on urban governance of austerity in Europe is also of particular interest. The 2008 global financial crash and the subsequent severe budgetary pressure on municipalities in many countries was a key event in the history and development of local self-government, confronting municipalities with ‘the harsh realities of political economy’ (p. 293). Several articles analyse the causes of the declining confidence of the citizens in local authorities in some countries. In contrast, the open budget tool in Brazil is as a positive example of collaborative stakeholder engagement. Part V deals with multi-level governance. With the exception of Australia, it is all about Europe, especially the role of municipalities in the EU’s multilevel system. The authors conclude that ‘local authorities are essential for executing EU legislation, and this turn allows them to shape EU policies’ (p. 401). This part of the handbook includes the issue of local territorial reforms, which are central to local autonomy, combined with analyses of redesigning regional government and local-level Europeanisation. Subsequently, by comparing the local government systems of Southern Europe (France, Italy, Portugal and Spain), the authors underline convincingly the role of traditions, identity, legal frameworks and institutions in local government. Part VI of the book deals with the financial dimension of local self-government under the heading ‘Getting and spending’. This is indeed the ‘key source of dispute between local and central government’ (p. 467) and the crucial factor shaping true local autonomy. Meritoriously, this part also contains a chapter on the fight against corruption and unethical behaviour by public servants. Based on research linking corruption to transparency and accountability, two case studies describe how Tbilisi (Georgia) and Lviv (Ukraine) try to reduce corruption in government budgeting and procurement. Enhancing Value-For-Money audit in local government highlights another important side of local finance. An interesting comparison reveals significant differences in local government revenues in European Union member states between 2000 and 2014. Of course, even in a 530-page book, some important aspects remain underexposed. Above all, I would have liked more attention on some of the enormous future challenges facing democratic systems and with them local governments all over the world, such as digitisation (e.g. in smart cities), the integration of migrants or climate change. The international networking of municipalities should also be given greater prominence. To sum it up, The Routledge Handbook on International Local Government is indeed ‘ambitiously titled’ as the editors underline. Yet, despite my critical objections about its focus on current issues rather than future challenges, they largely fulfil this promise and their general approach has worked well. Across continents and political-administrative cultures, illustrated with many new research findings, they have created an outstanding publication focusing on the challenges and policy of local self-governmental authorities and other local stakeholders. There is a good chance that this handbook will belong in future to the social science standard works on local issues, and be included in academic political science teaching. May the publisher’s wish come true; that this book stimulates its readers to develop further research ideas. Finally, I come back to my initial question. ‘Old fashioned’ printed handbooks like these continue to make sense, even in modern digital times. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930.2020.1702771 SN - 0300-3930 SN - 1743-9388 VL - 46 IS - 1 SP - 163 EP - 165 PB - Routledge CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tolorza, Violeta A1 - Mohr, Christian Heinrich A1 - Carretier, Sebastien A1 - Serey, Amador A1 - Sepulveda, Sergio A. A1 - Tapia, Joseline A1 - Pinto, Luisa T1 - Suspended sediments in chilean rivers reveal low postseismic erosion after the maule earthquake (Mw 8.8) during a severe drought JF - Journal of geophysical research : Earth surface N2 - We address the question of whether all large-magnitude earthquakes produce an erosion peak in the subaerial components of fluvial catchments. We evaluate the sediment flux response to the Maule earthquake in the Chilean Andes (Mw 8.8) using daily suspended sediment records from 31 river gauges. The catchments cover drainage areas of 350 to around 10,000 km(2), including a wide range of topographic slopes and vegetation cover of the Andean western flank. We compare the 3- to 8-year postseismic record of sediment flux to each of the following preseismic periods: (1) all preseismic data, (2) a 3-year period prior to the seismic event, and (3) the driest preseismic periods, as drought conditions prevailed in the postseismic period. Following the earthquake, no increases in suspended sediment flux were observed for moderate to high percentiles of the streamflow distribution (mean, median, and >= 75th percentile). However, more than half of the examined stations showed increased sediment flux during baseflow. By using a Random Forest approach, we evaluate the contributions of seismic intensities, peak ground accelerations, co-seismic landslides, hydroclimatic conditions, topography, lithology, and land cover to explain the observed changes in suspended sediment concentration and fluxes. We find that the best predictors are hillslope gradient, low-vegetation cover, and changes in streamflow discharge. This finding suggests a combined first-order control of topography, land cover, and hydrology on the catchment-wide erosion response. We infer a reduced sediment connectivity due to the postseismic drought, which increased the residence time of sediment detached and remobilized following the Maule earthquake. KW - earthquake KW - suspended sediment KW - Maule megathrust KW - Chile KW - catchment Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JF004766 SN - 2169-9003 SN - 2169-9011 VL - 124 IS - 6 SP - 1378 EP - 1397 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ekhtiari, Nikoo A1 - Agarwal, Ankit A1 - Marwan, Norbert A1 - Donner, Reik Volker T1 - Disentangling the multi-scale effects of sea-surface temperatures on global precipitation BT - a coupled networks approach JF - Chaos : an interdisciplinary journal of nonlinear science N2 - The oceans and atmosphere interact via a multiplicity of feedback mechanisms, shaping to a large extent the global climate and its variability. To deepen our knowledge of the global climate system, characterizing and investigating this interdependence is an important task of contemporary research. However, our present understanding of the underlying large-scale processes is greatly limited due to the manifold interactions between essential climatic variables at different temporal scales. To address this problem, we here propose to extend the application of complex network techniques to capture the interdependence between global fields of sea-surface temperature (SST) and precipitation (P) at multiple temporal scales. For this purpose, we combine time-scale decomposition by means of a discrete wavelet transform with the concept of coupled climate network analysis. Our results demonstrate the potential of the proposed approach to unravel the scale-specific interdependences between atmosphere and ocean and, thus, shed light on the emerging multiscale processes inherent to the climate system, which traditionally remain undiscovered when investigating the system only at the native resolution of existing climate data sets. Moreover, we show how the relevant spatial interdependence structures between SST and P evolve across time-scales. Most notably, the strongest mutual correlations between SST and P at annual scale (8-16 months) concentrate mainly over the Pacific Ocean, while the corresponding spatial patterns progressively disappear when moving toward longer time-scales. Published under license by AIP Publishing. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5095565 SN - 1054-1500 SN - 1089-7682 VL - 29 IS - 6 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gerstenberg, Annette A1 - Lindholm, Camilla T1 - Language and aging research BT - new insights and perspectives JF - Linguistics vanguard N2 - Our introduction to the special collection gives an overview of the research projects which were originally presented at the third CLARe network conference. We group the research under four cross-sectional topics that unite the different contributions: the data used in the research, the theoretical frameworks, the languages and varieties which are represented and the situational contexts which are examined. These projects represent the current state of research in this field and allows the reader to orient themselves within this diverse field but also leaves many questions open and provides impetus for future lines of research. The interaction and collaboration between diverse disciplines is the central aspect which unites all contributions to the special collection. KW - language and aging KW - lifespan KW - health communication KW - language change KW - interactional linguistics KW - conversation analysis KW - corpus linguistics KW - psycholinguistics KW - sociolinguistics KW - computational linguistics Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/lingvan-2019-0025 SN - 2199-174X VL - 5 IS - s2 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fortesa, Josep A1 - García-Comendador, Julian A1 - Calsamiglia, A. A1 - López-Tarazón, José Andrés A1 - Latron, J. A1 - Alorda, B. A1 - Estrany, Joan T1 - Comparison of stage/discharge rating curves derived from different recording systems BT - Consequences for streamflow data and water management in a Mediterranean island JF - The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man N2 - Obtaining representative hydrometric values is essential for characterizing extreme events, hydrological dynamics and detecting possible changes on the long-term hydrology. Reliability of streamflow data requires a temporal continuity and a maintenance of the gauging stations, which data are affected by epistemic and random sources of error. An assessment of discharge meterings' and stage-discharge rating curves' uncertainties were carried out by comparing the accuracy of the measuring instruments of two different hydrometric networks (i.e., one analogical and one digital) established in the same river location at the Mediterranean island of Mallorca. Furthermore, the effects of such uncertainties were assessed on the hydrological dynamics, considering the significant global change impacts beset this island. Evaluation was developed at four representative gauging stations of the hydrographic network with analogic (≈40 years) and digital (≈10 years) data series. The study revealed that the largest source of uncertainty in the analogical (28 to 274%) and in the digital (17–37%) networks were the stage-discharge rating curves. Their impact on the water resources was also evaluated at the event and annual scales, resulting in an average difference of water yields of 183% and 142% respectively. Such improvement on the comprehension of hydrometric networks uncertainties will dramatically benefit the interpretation of the long-term streamflow by providing better insights into the hydrologic and flood hazard planning, management and modelling. KW - Hydrometric networks KW - Stage-discharge KW - Metering KW - Uncertainty KW - Error propagation Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.158 SN - 0048-9697 SN - 1879-1026 VL - 665 SP - 968 EP - 981 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wolf, Thomas A1 - Gühr, Markus T1 - Photochemical pathways in nucleobases measured with an X-ray FEL JF - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A : Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences N2 - The conversion of light energy into other molecular energetic degrees of freedom is often dominated by ultrafast, non-adiabatic processes. Femtosecond spectroscopy with optical pulses has helped in shaping our understanding of crucial processes in molecular energy-conversion. The advent of new, ultrashort and bright X-ray free electron laser sources opens the possibility to use X-ray-typical element and site sensitivity for ultrafast molecular research. We present two types of spectroscopy, ultrafast Auger and ultrafast X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and discuss their sensitivity to molecular processes. While Auger spectroscopy is able to monitor bond distance changes in the vicinity of an X-ray created core hole, near-edge absorption spectroscopy can deliver high-fidelity information on non-adiabatic transitions involving lone-pair orbitals. We demonstrate these features on the example of the UV-excited nucleobase thymine, investigated at the oxygen K-edge. We find a C-O bond elongation in the Auger data in addition to pi pi*/n pi* non-adiabatic transition in X-ray near-edge absorption. We compare the results from both methods and draw a conclusive scenario of non-adiabatic molecular relaxation after UV excitation. KW - nucleobase KW - time-resolved X-ray probing KW - Auger decay KW - femtosecond laser spectroscopy Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0473 SN - 1364-503X SN - 1471-2962 VL - 377 IS - 2145 PB - Royal Society CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Koc, Julian A1 - Simovich, Tomer A1 - Schönemann, Eric A1 - Chilkoti, Ashutosh A1 - Gardner, Harrison A1 - Swain, Geoffrey W. A1 - Hunsucker, Kelli A1 - Laschewsky, André A1 - Rosenhahn, Axel T1 - Sediment challenge to promising ultra-low fouling hydrophilic surfaces in the marine environment JF - Biofouling : the journal of bioadhesion and biofilm research N2 - Hydrophilic coatings exhibit ultra-low fouling properties in numerous laboratory experiments. In stark contrast, the antifouling effect of such coatings in vitro failed when performing field tests in the marine environment. The fouling release performance of nonionic and zwitterionic hydrophilic polymers was substantially reduced compared to the controlled laboratory environment. Microscopy and spectroscopy revealed that a large proportion of the accumulated material in field tests contains inorganic compounds and diatomaceous soil. Diatoms adhered to the accumulated material on the coating, but not to the pristine polymer. Simulating field tests in the laboratory using sediment samples collected from the test sites showed that incorporated sand and diatomaceous earth impairs the fouling release characteristics of the coatings. When exposed to marine sediment from multiple locations, particulate matter accumulated on these coatings and served as attachment points for diatom adhesion and enhanced fouling. Future developments of hydrophilic coatings should consider accumulated sediment and its potential impact on the antifouling performance. KW - hydrogel KW - field test KW - fouling release KW - marine biofouling KW - sediment Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2019.1611790 SN - 0892-7014 SN - 1029-2454 VL - 35 IS - 4 SP - 454 EP - 462 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mengüllüoğlu, Deniz A1 - Fickel, Jörns A1 - Hofer, Heribert A1 - Förster, Daniel W. T1 - Non-invasive faecal sampling reveals spatial organization and improves measures of genetic diversity for the conservation assessment of territorial species BT - Caucasian lynx as a case species JF - PLoS one N2 - The Caucasian lynx, Lynx lynx dinniki, has one of the southernmost distributions in the Eurasian lynx range, covering Anatolian Turkey, the Caucasus and Iran. Little is known about the biology and the genetic status of this subspecies. To collect baseline genetic, ecological and behavioural data and benefit future conservation of L. l. dinniki, we monitored 11 lynx territories (396 km(2)) in northwestern Anatolia. We assessed genetic diversity of this population by non-invasively collecting 171 faecal samples and trapped and sampled 12 lynx individuals using box traps. We observed high allelic variation at 11 nuclear microsatellite markers, and found no signs of inbreeding despite the potential isolation of this population. We obtained similar numbers of distinct genotypes from the two sampling sources. Our results indicated that first order female relatives occupy neighbouring territories (female philopatry) and that territorial male lynx were highly unrelated to each other and to female territorial lynx, suggesting long distance male dispersal. Particular male and female resident territorial lynx and their offspring (kittens and subadults) were more likely to be trapped than resident floaters or dispersing (unrelated) lynx. Conversely, we obtained more data for unrelated lynx and higher numbers of territorials using non-invasive sampling (faeces). When invasive and non-invasive samples were analysed separately, the spatial organisation of lynx (in terms of female philopatry and females and males occupying permanent ranges) affected measures of genetic diversity in such a way that estimates of genetic diversity were reduced if only invasive samples were considered. It appears that, at small spatial scales, invasive sampling using box traps may underestimate the genetic diversity in carnivores with permanent ranges and philopatry such as the Eurasian lynx. As non-invasive sampling can also provide additional data on diet and spatial organisation, we advocate the use of such samples for conservation genetic studies of vulnerable, endangered or data deficient territorial species. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0216549 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 14 IS - 5 PB - PLoS CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schuck, Götz A1 - Lehmann, Frederike A1 - Ollivier, Jacques A1 - Mutka, Hannu A1 - Schorr, Susan T1 - Influence of chloride substitution on the rotational dynamics of methylammonium in MAPbI(3-x)Cl(x) perovskites JF - The journal of physical chemistry : C, Nanomaterials and interfaces N2 - Hybrid halide perovskites, MAPbI(3), MAPbI(2.94)Cl(0.0)6, and MAPbCl(3) (MA, methylammonium), were investigated using inelastic and quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) with the aim of elucidating the impact of chloride substitution on the rotational dynamics of MA. In this context, we discuss the influence of the inelastic neutron scattering caused by low-energy phonons on QENS, resulting from the MA rotational dynamics in MAPbI(3-x)Cl(x). Through a comparative temperature-dependent QENS investigation with different energy resolutions, which allow a wide Fourier time window, we achieved a consistent description of the influence of chlorine substitution in MAPbI(3) on the MA dynamics. Our results showed that chlorine substitution in the low-temperature orthorhombic phase leads to a weakening of the hydrogen bridge bonds, since the characteristic relaxation times of C-3 rotation at 70 K in MAPbCl(3) (135 ps) and MAPbI(2.94)Cl(0.06) (485 ps) are much shorter than that in MAPbI(3) (1635 ps). For the orthorhombic phase, we obtained the activitin energies from the temperature-dependent characteristic relaxation times tau (c3). by Arrhenius fits, indicating lower values of E-a for MAPbCl(3) and MAPbI(2.94)Cl(0.06) compared to that of MAPbI(3). We also performed QENS analyses at 190 K for all three samples. Here, we observed that MAPbCI(3) shows slower MA rotational dynamics than MAPbI(3) in the disordered structure. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b01238 SN - 1932-7447 VL - 123 IS - 18 SP - 11436 EP - 11446 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yu, Hongtao A1 - Quan, Ting A1 - Mei, Shilin A1 - Kochovski, Zdravko A1 - Huang, Wei A1 - Meng, Hong A1 - Lu, Yan T1 - Prompt Electrodeposition of Ni Nanodots on Ni Foam to Construct a High-Performance Water-Splitting Electrode BT - Efficient, Scalable, and Recyclable JF - Nano-Micro Letters N2 - HighlightsFacile electrodeposition for fabricating active Ni nanodots (NiNDs) on Ni foam (NF) is shown.Binder- and heteroatom-free recyclable NiO/NiNDs@NF electrodes are efficiently made.NiO/NiNDs@NF bifunctional catalytic electrodes are used for water splitting. AbstractIn past decades, Ni-based catalytic materials and electrodes have been intensively explored as low-cost hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts for water splitting. With increasing demands for Ni worldwide, simplifying the fabrication process, increasing Ni recycling, and reducing waste are tangible sustainability goals. Here, binder-free, heteroatom-free, and recyclable Ni-based bifunctional catalytic electrodes were fabricated via a one-step quick electrodeposition method. Typically, active Ni nanodot (NiND) clusters are electrodeposited on Ni foam (NF) in Ni(NO3)(2) acetonitrile solution. After drying in air, NiO/NiND composites are obtained, leading to a binder-free and heteroatom-free NiO/NiNDs@NF catalytic electrode. The electrode shows high efficiency and long-term stability for catalyzing hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions at low overpotentials ((10)(HER)=119mV and (50)(OER)=360mV) and can promote water catalysis at 1.70V@10mAcm(-2). More importantly, the recovery of raw materials (NF and Ni(NO3)(2)) is quite easy because of the solubility of NiO/NiNDs composites in acid solution for recycling the electrodes. Additionally, a large-sized (S similar to 70cm(2)) NiO/NiNDs@NF catalytic electrode with high durability has also been constructed. This method provides a simple and fast technology to construct high-performance, low-cost, and environmentally friendly Ni-based bifunctional electrocatalytic electrodes for water splitting. KW - Electrodeposition KW - Ni nanodots KW - Bifunctional catalysts KW - Water splitting KW - Large-size Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-019-0269-x SN - 2311-6706 SN - 2150-5551 VL - 11 IS - 41 PB - Shanghai JIAO TONG univ press CY - Shanghai ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wendler, Petra A1 - Enenkel, Cordula T1 - Nuclear Transport of Yeast Proteasomes JF - Frontiers in molecular biosciences N2 - Proteasomes are key proteases in regulating protein homeostasis. Their holo-enzymes are composed of 40 different subunits which are arranged in a proteolytic core (CP) flanked by one to two regulatory particles (RP). Proteasomal proteolysis is essential for the degradation of proteins which control time-sensitive processes like cell cycle progression and stress response. In dividing yeast and human cells, proteasomes are primarily nuclear suggesting that proteasomal proteolysis is mainly required in the nucleus during cell proliferation. In yeast, which have a closed mitosis, proteasomes are imported into the nucleus as immature precursors via the classical import pathway. During quiescence, the reversible absence of proliferation induced by nutrient depletion or growth factor deprivation, proteasomes move from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm of quiescent yeast, proteasomes are dissociated into CP and RP and stored in membrane-less cytoplasmic foci, named proteasome storage granules (PSGs). With the resumption of growth, PSGs clear and mature proteasomes are transported into the nucleus by Blm10, a conserved 240 kDa protein and proteasome-intrinsic import receptor. How proteasomes are exported from the nucleus into the cytoplasm is unknown. KW - proteasome KW - nuclear transport KW - importin KW - karyopherin KW - Blm10 KW - proteasome storage granules Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2019.00034 SN - 2296-889X VL - 6 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shen, Z. A1 - Diercke, Andrea A1 - Denker, Carsten T1 - Calibration of full-disk He i 10 830 angstrom filtergrams of the Chromospheric Telescope JF - Astronomische Nachrichten = Astronomical notes N2 - The Chromospheric Telescope (ChroTel) is a small 10-cm robotic telescope at Observatorio del Teide on Tenerife (Spain), which observes the entire sun in Hα, Ca ii K, and He i 10 830 Å. We present a new calibration method that includes limb-darkening correction, removal of nonuniform filter transmission, and determination of He i Doppler velocities. Chromospheric full-disk filtergrams are often obtained with Lyot filters, which may display nonuniform transmission causing large-scale intensity variations across the solar disk. Removal of a 2D symmetric limb-darkening function from full-disk images results in a flat background. However, transmission artifacts remain and are even more distinct in these contrast-enhanced images. Zernike polynomials are uniquely appropriate to fit these large-scale intensity variations of the background. The Zernike coefficients show a distinct temporal evolution for ChroTel data, which is likely related to the telescope's alt-azimuth mount that introduces image rotation. In addition, applying this calibration to sets of seven filtergrams that cover the He i triplet facilitates the determination of chromospheric Doppler velocities. To validate the method, we use three datasets with varying levels of solar activity. The Doppler velocities are benchmarked with respect to cotemporal high-resolution spectroscopic data of the GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph (GRIS). Furthermore, this technique can be applied to ChroTel Hα and Ca ii K data. The calibration method for ChroTel filtergrams can be easily adapted to other full-disk data exhibiting unwanted large-scale variations. The spectral region of the He i triplet is a primary choice for high-resolution near-infrared spectropolarimetry. Here, the improved calibration of ChroTel data will provide valuable context data. KW - methods: Data analysis KW - methods: Observational KW - Sun: Chromosphere KW - techniques: Image processing Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/asna.201813536 SN - 0004-6337 SN - 1521-3994 VL - 339 IS - 9-10 SP - 661 EP - 671 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sperber, Hannah Sabeth A1 - Welke, Robert-William A1 - Petazzi, Roberto Arturo A1 - Bergmann, Ronny A1 - Schade, Matthias A1 - Shai, Yechiel A1 - Chiantia, Salvatore A1 - Herrmann, Andreas A1 - Schwarzer, Roland T1 - Self-association and subcellular localization of Puumala hantavirus envelope proteins JF - Scientific reports N2 - Hantavirus assembly and budding are governed by the surface glycoproteins Gn and Gc. In this study, we investigated the glycoproteins of Puumala, the most abundant Hantavirus species in Europe, using fluorescently labeled wild-type constructs and cytoplasmic tail (CT) mutants. We analyzed their intracellular distribution, co-localization and oligomerization, applying comprehensive live, single-cell fluorescence techniques, including confocal microscopy, imaging flow cytometry, anisotropy imaging and Number&Brightness analysis. We demonstrate that Gc is significantly enriched in the Golgi apparatus in absence of other viral components, while Gn is mainly restricted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Importantly, upon co-expression both glycoproteins were found in the Golgi apparatus. Furthermore, we show that an intact CT of Gc is necessary for efficient Golgi localization, while the CT of Gn influences protein stability. Finally, we found that Gn assembles into higher-order homo-oligomers, mainly dimers and tetramers, in the ER while Gc was present as mixture of monomers and dimers within the Golgi apparatus. Our findings suggest that PUUV Gc is the driving factor of the targeting of Gc and Gn to the Golgi region, while Gn possesses a significantly stronger self-association potential. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36879-y SN - 2045-2322 VL - 9 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Diekmann, Martin A1 - Andres, Christian A1 - Becker, Thomas A1 - Bennie, Jonathan A1 - Blueml, Volker A1 - Bullock, James M. A1 - Culmsee, Heike A1 - Fanigliulo, Miriam A1 - Hahn, Annett A1 - Heinken, Thilo A1 - Leuschner, Christoph A1 - Luka, Stefanie A1 - Meissner, Justus A1 - Müller, Josef A1 - Newton, Adrian A1 - Peppler-Lisbach, Cord A1 - Rosenthal, Gert A1 - van den Berg, Leon J. L. A1 - Vergeer, Philippine A1 - Wesche, Karsten T1 - Patterns of long-term vegetation change vary between different types of semi-natural grasslands in Western and Central Europe JF - Journal of vegetation science N2 - Questions Has plant species richness in semi-natural grasslands changed over recent decades? Do the temporal trends of habitat specialists differ from those of habitat generalists? Has there been a homogenization of the grassland vegetation? Location Different regions in Germany and the UK. Methods We conducted a formal meta-analysis of re-survey vegetation studies of semi-natural grasslands. In total, 23 data sets were compiled, spanning up to 75 years between the surveys, including 13 data sets from wet grasslands, six from dry grasslands and four from other grassland types. Edaphic conditions were assessed using mean Ellenberg indicator values for soil moisture, nitrogen and pH. Changes in species richness and environmental variables were evaluated using response ratios. Results In most wet grasslands, total species richness declined over time, while habitat specialists almost completely vanished. The number of species losses increased with increasing time between the surveys and were associated with a strong decrease in soil moisture and higher soil nutrient contents. Wet grasslands in nature reserves showed no such changes or even opposite trends. In dry grasslands and other grassland types, total species richness did not consistently change, but the number or proportions of habitat specialists declined. There were also considerable changes in species composition, especially in wet grasslands that often have been converted into intensively managed, highly productive meadows or pastures. We did not find a general homogenization of the vegetation in any of the grassland types. Conclusions The results document the widespread deterioration of semi-natural grasslands, especially of those types that can easily be transformed to high production grasslands. The main causes for the loss of grassland specialists are changed management in combination with increased fertilization and nitrogen deposition. Dry grasslands are most resistant to change, but also show a long-term trend towards an increase in more mesotrophic species. KW - dry grasslands KW - fragmentation KW - homogenization KW - management KW - meta-analysis KW - nitrogen deposition KW - quasi-permanent plot KW - re-survey KW - species richness KW - wet grasslands Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12727 SN - 1100-9233 SN - 1654-1103 VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 187 EP - 202 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Philipp, Rebecca A1 - Kriston, Levente A1 - Lanio, Jana A1 - Kühne, Franziska A1 - Härter, Martin A1 - Moritz, Steffen A1 - Meister, Ramona T1 - Effectiveness of metacognitive interventions for mental disorders in adults-A systematic review and meta-analysis (METACOG) JF - Clinical psychology & psychotherapy N2 - We evaluated the effectiveness and acceptability of metacognitive interventions for mental disorders. We searched electronic databases and included randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials comparing metacognitive interventions with other treatments in adults with mental disorders. Primary effectiveness and acceptability outcomes were symptom severity and dropout, respectively. We performed random-effects meta-analyses. We identified Metacognitive Training (MCTrain), Metacognitive Therapy (MCTherap), and Metacognition Reflection and Insight Therapy (MERIT). We included 49 trials with 2,609 patients. In patients with schizophrenia, MCTrain was more effective than a psychological treatment (cognitive remediation, SMD = -0.39). It bordered significance when compared with standard or other psychological treatments. In a post hoc analysis, across all studies, the pooled effect was significant (SMD = -0.31). MCTrain was more effective than standard treatment in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (SMD = -0.40). MCTherap was more effective than a waitlist in patients with depression (SMD = -2.80), posttraumatic stress disorder (SMD = -2.36), and psychological treatments (cognitive-behavioural) in patients with anxiety (SMD = -0.46). In patients with depression, MCTherap was not superior to psychological treatment (cognitive-behavioural). For MERIT, the database was too small to allow solid conclusions. Acceptability of metacognitive interventions among patients was high on average. Methodological quality was mostly unclear or moderate. Metacognitive interventions are likely to be effective in alleviating symptom severity in mental disorders. Although their add-on value against existing psychological interventions awaits to be established, potential advantages are their low threshold and economy. KW - mental disorders KW - meta-analysis KW - metacognition KW - psychotherapy KW - systematic review Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2345 SN - 1063-3995 SN - 1099-0879 VL - 26 IS - 2 SP - 227 EP - 240 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hensch, Martin A1 - Dahm, Torsten A1 - Ritter, Joachim A1 - Heimann, Sebastian A1 - Schmidt, Bernd A1 - Stange, Stefan A1 - Lehmann, Klaus T1 - Deep low-frequency earthquakes reveal ongoing magmatic recharge beneath Laacher See Volcano (Eifel, Germany) JF - Geophysical journal international N2 - The occurrence of deep low-frequency (DLF) microearthquakes beneath volcanoes is commonly attributed to mass transport in the volcanic plumbing system and used to infer feeding channels from and into magma reservoirs. The key question is how magmas migrate from depth to the shallow crust and whether magma reservoirs are currently being recharged. For the first time since the improvement of the local seismic networks in the East Eifel region (Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany), we detect and locate recurrent DLF earthquakes in the lower crust and upper mantle beneath the Laacher See Volcano (LSV), using a joint data set of permanent sensors and a temporary deployment. So far, eight DLF earthquake sequences were observed in four distinct clusters between 10 and 40 km depth. These clusters of weak events (M-L< 2) align along an approximately 80. southeast dipping line south of the LSV. Moment tensor solutions of these events have large shear components, and the irregular dispersion and long coda of body waves indicate interaction processes between shear cracks and fluids. We find a rotation of P-axes orientation for shallow tectonic earthquakes compared to DLF events, indicating that the stress field in the depth interval of DLF events might favour a vertical migration of magma or magmatic fluids. The caldera of the LSV was formed by the last major eruption of the East Eifel Volcanic Field only 12.9 kyr ago, fed by a shallow magma chamber at 5-8 km depth and erupting a total magma volume of 6.7 km(3). The observed DLF earthquake activity and continuous volcanic gas emissions around the LSV indicate an active magmatic system, possibly connected with an upper mantle melt zone. KW - Waveform inversion KW - Volcano seismology KW - Magma migration and fragmentation KW - Volcano monitoring Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggy532 SN - 0956-540X SN - 1365-246X VL - 216 IS - 3 SP - 2025 EP - 2036 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krüger, Hans-Peter T1 - How is the Human Life-Form of Mind Really Possible in Nature? BT - Parallels Between John Dewey and Helmuth Plessner JF - Human studies N2 - J. Dewey and H. Plessner both and independently of one another treated the central question of what new task philosophy must set itself if the assumption is correct that the life-form of mind, i.e., the mental life-form of humans, arose in nature and must also sustain itself in the future within nature. If nature has to reconceived so as to make the irreducible qualities of life and mind truly possible, then it can no longer be restricted to the role of physical material. Conversely humans cannot no longer take on the role of God outside and independent of nature. Instead these philosophers distinguish between three plateaus (Dewey) or stages (Plessner), between physical (inorganic) nature, psycho-physical (living) nature and the nature that is mental life. This distinction is drawn such that a connection between the plateaus is truly possible. The third level, that of the mental form of life, answers mentally within conduct to the break with the first two levels. Hence it depends in the future as well on the continuously renewed difference (between the precarious and the stable for Dewey, between immediacy and mediation for Plessner) in our experience of nature. Within this difference nature as a whole remains an open unknown, which is why we can credit Dewey with a philosophy of diversified and negative holism, Plessner with a differential philosophy of the negativity of the absolute. KW - Evolution of the human KW - Non-reductive naturalism KW - Open holism KW - Life forms KW - Philosophical anthropology KW - Presuppositions of evolution Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10746-017-9429-5 SN - 0163-8548 SN - 1572-851X VL - 42 IS - 1 SP - 47 EP - 64 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Geier, Stephan Alfred A1 - Raddi, Roberto A1 - Fusillo, Nicola Pietro Gentile A1 - Marsh, T. R. T1 - The population of hot subdwarf stars studied with Gaia BT - II. The Gaia DR2 catalogue of hot subluminous stars JF - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal N2 - Based on data from the ESA Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) and several ground-based, multi-band photometry surveys we have compiled an all-sky catalogue of 39 800 hot subluminous star candidates selected in Gaia DR2 by means of colour, absolute magnitude, and reduced proper motion cuts. We expect the majority of the candidates to be hot subdwarf stars of spectral type B and O, followed by blue horizontal branch stars of late B-type (HBB), hot post-AGB stars, and central stars of planetary nebulae. The contamination by cooler stars should be about 10%. The catalogue is magnitude limited to Gaia G < 19 mag and covers the whole sky. Except within the Galactic plane and LMC/SMC regions, we expect the catalogue to be almost complete up to about 1.5 kpc. The main purpose of this catalogue is to serve as input target list for the large-scale photometric and spectroscopic surveys which are ongoing or scheduled to start in the coming years. In the long run, securing a statistically significant sample of spectroscopically confirmed hot subluminous stars is key to advance towards a more detailed understanding of the latest stages of stellar evolution for single and binary stars. KW - subdwarfs KW - stars: horizontal-branch KW - catalogs Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834236 SN - 0004-6361 SN - 1432-0746 VL - 621 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aldrup, Marit T1 - Well let me put it uhm the other way around maybe’ BT - Managing students’ trouble displays in the CLIL classroom JF - Classroom discourse N2 - This study is concerned with repair practices that a teacher and students employ to restore intersubjectivity when faced with interactional problems in a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) classroom. Adopting a conversation analytic (CA) approach, it examines the interactional treatment of students’ verbal and embodied trouble displays in a video-recorded, teacher-fronted geography lesson held in English at a German high school. At the same time, it explores to what extent the repair practices employed are fitted to this specific interactional context. The analysis shows that students’ verbal trouble displays often result in extensive repair sequences, whereas students’ embodied trouble displays are usually met with teacher self-repair in the transition space. In this way, the latter are resolved much earlier and more quickly. The study further reveals practices like reformulation and translation to be especially useful for repairing interactional problems in classrooms in which a foreign language is used as the medium of instruction. The findings may be of interest for prospective as well as practicing teachers in that they provide relevant insights into how interactional trouble can be successfully managed in (CLIL) classroom interaction. KW - Trouble displays KW - repair KW - embodiment KW - classroom interaction KW - conversation analysis Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/19463014.2019.1567360 SN - 1946-3014 SN - 1946-3022 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 46 EP - 70 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tanabe, Tomohisa Sebastian A1 - Leimkühler, Silke A1 - Dahl, Christiane ED - Poole, RK T1 - The functional diversity of the prokaryotic sulfur carrier protein TusA JF - Advances in microbial physiology N2 - Persulfide groups participate in a wide array of biochemical pathways and are chemically very versatile. The TusA protein has been identified as a central element supplying and transferring sulfur as persulfide to a number of important biosynthetic pathways, like molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis or thiomodifications in nucleosides of tRNAs. In recent years, it has furthermore become obvious that this protein is indispensable for the oxidation of sulfur compounds in the cytoplasm. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that different TusA protein variants exists in certain organisms, that have evolved to pursue specific roles in cellular pathways. The specific TusA-like proteins thereby cannot replace each other in their specific roles and are rather specific to one sulfur transfer pathway or shared between two pathways. While certain bacteria like Escherichia coli contain several copies of TusA-like proteins, in other bacteria like Allochromatium vinosum a single copy of TusA is present with an essential role for this organism. Here, we give an overview on the multiple roles of the various TusA-like proteins in sulfur transfer pathways in different organisms to shed light on the remaining mysteries of this versatile protein. Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-0-12-817715-0 SN - 978-0-12-817714-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.ampbs.2019.07.004 SN - 0065-2911 VL - 75 SP - 233 EP - 277 PB - Elsevier Acad. Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lohse, Karoline A1 - Sixtus, Elena A1 - Lonnemann, Jan T1 - Thinking about time and number BT - an application of the dual-systems approach to numerical cognition T2 - Behavioral and brain sciences : an international journal of current research and theory with open peer commentary N2 - Based on the notion that time, space, and number are part of a generalized magnitude system, we assume that the dual-systems approach to temporal cognition also applies to numerical cognition. Referring to theoretical models of the development of numerical concepts, we propose that children's early skills in processing numbers can be described analogously to temporal updating and temporal reasoning. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X19000475 SN - 0140-525X SN - 1469-1825 VL - 42 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lambrecht, Jennifer A1 - Bogda, Katja A1 - Koch, Helvi A1 - Nottbusch, Guido A1 - Spörer, Nadine T1 - Längsschnittliche Effekte der häuslichen und institutionellen Lernumwelt auf den Wortschatz von Grundschulkindern – ein Vergleich T1 - Comparing the effect of home and institutional learning environment on children’s vocabulary in primary school JF - Journal for educational research online - JERO N2 - Es wird angenommen, dass für den frühen Kompetenzerwerb eines Kindes neben dem familiären Hintergrund und Merkmalen des Kindes die Lernumgebungen eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Die vorliegende Studie verfolgte das Ziel, die Effekte der häuslichen und der institutionellen Lernumgebung von Kindergartenkindern auf den frühen Wortschatzerwerb zu vergleichen und notwendige Bedingungen für einen kompensatorischen Effekt der institutionellen Lernumgebung zu überprüfen. Anhand längsschnittlicher Daten von N = 557 Kindergartenkindern aus dem deutschen Nationalen Bildungspanel (NEPS) wurde untersucht, in welchem Ausmaß der familiäre Hintergrund und die Merkmale eines Kindes die häusliche und institutionelle Lernumgebung prädizieren und in welchem Ausmaß diese wiederum den Wortschatz in der Vorschule und in der ersten Klasse vorhersagen. Um zu überprüfen, ob die beiden Lernumgebungen einen jeweils eigenständigen Beitrag zur Prädiktion des Wortschatzes leisten, wurden nahezu identische Indikatoren zur Operationalisierung verwendet. Mittels Strukturgleichungsmodellierung wurden die Effekte geschätzt. Die Studie zeigte, dass die häusliche und institutionelle Lernumgebung eines Kindes kleine sowie voneinander abgrenzbare Effekte auf den Wortschatz hatten. Dabei war die häusliche Lernumwelt stärker mit dem familiären Hintergrund assoziiert, während die institutionelle Lernumgebung stärker durch Merkmale des Kindes selbst prädiziert wurde. Dies eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten der Diskussion kompensatorischer Effekte. N2 - It is assumed that additionally to the family background and child characteris-tics, the children’s learning environments are crucial for the acquisition of early competencies. This study aimed to compare the eff ects of home and institutional learning environment on young children’s vocabulary and to test necessary con-ditions for a potential compensatory eff ect of the institutional learning environ-ment. Using longitudinal data from N = 557 preschool children (German National Educational Panel Study), we analysed to what extent family background and children’s characteristics predicted home and institutional learning environments and to what extent these learning environments predicted vocabulary in pre-school and primary school. In order to test if both learning environments pre-dict vocabulary separately, we used almost identical indicators to operationalize them. The effects were estimated within a structural equation model. The study revealed that both, home and institutional learning environment, had small and separate eff ects on children’s vocabulary. The home learning environment was more closely related to the family background, while the institutional learning en-vironment was more closely related to the children’s characteristics. This evokes new possibilities to discuss compensatory effect. KW - Home learning environment KW - Institutional learning environment KW - Vocabulary KW - Compensatory effect KW - Institutionelle Lernumgebung KW - Häusliche Lernumgebung KW - Wortschatz KW - Kompensatorischer Effekt Y1 - 2019 SN - 1866-6671 VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - 86 EP - 115 PB - Waxmann CY - Münster ER - TY - GEN A1 - Herzog, Benedict A1 - Hönig, Timo A1 - Schröder-Preikschat, Wolfgang A1 - Plauth, Max A1 - Köhler, Sven A1 - Polze, Andreas T1 - Bridging the Gap BT - Energy-efficient Execution of Software Workloads on Heterogeneous Hardware Components T2 - e-Energy '19: Proceedings of the Tenth ACM International Conference on Future Energy Systems N2 - The recent restructuring of the electricity grid (i.e., smart grid) introduces a number of challenges for today's large-scale computing systems. To operate reliable and efficient, computing systems must adhere not only to technical limits (i.e., thermal constraints) but they must also reduce operating costs, for example, by increasing their energy efficiency. Efforts to improve the energy efficiency, however, are often hampered by inflexible software components that hardly adapt to underlying hardware characteristics. In this paper, we propose an approach to bridge the gap between inflexible software and heterogeneous hardware architectures. Our proposal introduces adaptive software components that dynamically adapt to heterogeneous processing units (i.e., accelerators) during runtime to improve the energy efficiency of computing systems. Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-1-4503-6671-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3307772.3330176 SP - 428 EP - 430 PB - Association for Computing Machinery CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rosenbaum, Benjamin A1 - Raatz, Michael A1 - Weithoff, Guntram A1 - Fussmann, Gregor F. A1 - Gaedke, Ursula T1 - Estimating parameters from multiple time series of population dynamics using bayesian inference JF - Frontiers in ecology and evolution N2 - Empirical time series of interacting entities, e.g., species abundances, are highly useful to study ecological mechanisms. Mathematical models are valuable tools to further elucidate those mechanisms and underlying processes. However, obtaining an agreement between model predictions and experimental observations remains a demanding task. As models always abstract from reality one parameter often summarizes several properties. Parameter measurements are performed in additional experiments independent of the ones delivering the time series. Transferring these parameter values to different settings may result in incorrect parametrizations. On top of that, the properties of organisms and thus the respective parameter values may vary considerably. These issues limit the use of a priori model parametrizations. In this study, we present a method suited for a direct estimation of model parameters and their variability from experimental time series data. We combine numerical simulations of a continuous-time dynamical population model with Bayesian inference, using a hierarchical framework that allows for variability of individual parameters. The method is applied to a comprehensive set of time series from a laboratory predator-prey system that features both steady states and cyclic population dynamics. Our model predictions are able to reproduce both steady states and cyclic dynamics of the data. Additionally to the direct estimates of the parameter values, the Bayesian approach also provides their uncertainties. We found that fitting cyclic population dynamics, which contain more information on the process rates than steady states, yields more precise parameter estimates. We detected significant variability among parameters of different time series and identified the variation in the maximum growth rate of the prey as a source for the transition from steady states to cyclic dynamics. By lending more flexibility to the model, our approach facilitates parametrizations and shows more easily which patterns in time series can be explained also by simple models. Applying Bayesian inference and dynamical population models in conjunction may help to quantify the profound variability in organismal properties in nature. KW - Bayesian inference KW - chemostat experiments KW - ordinary differential equation KW - parameter estimation KW - population dynamics KW - predator prey KW - time series analysis KW - trait variability Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2018.00234 SN - 2296-701X VL - 6 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xue, Rui A1 - Liu, Ruo-Yu A1 - Wang, Xiang-Yu A1 - Yan, Huirong A1 - Böttcher, Markus T1 - On the minimum jet power of TeV BL Lac objects in the p-gamma model JF - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics N2 - We study the requirement of the jet power in the conventional p-gamma models (photopion production and Bethe-Heitler pair production) for TeV BL Lac objects. We select a sample of TeV BL Lac objects whose spectral energy distributions are difficult to explain by the one-zone leptonic model. Based on the relation between the p-gamma interaction efficiency and the opacity of gamma gamma absorption, we find that the detection of TeV emission poses upper limits on the p-gamma interaction efficiencies in these sources and hence minimum jet powers can be derived accordingly. We find that the obtained minimum jet powers exceed the Eddington luminosity of the supermassive black holes (SMBHs). Implications for the accretion mode of the SMBHs in these BL Lac objects and the origin of their TeV emissions are discussed. KW - galaxies: active KW - galaxies: jets KW - radiation mechanisms: non-thermal Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaf720 SN - 0004-637X SN - 1538-4357 VL - 871 IS - 1 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - GEN A1 - Marwecki, Sebastian A1 - Wilson, Andrew D. A1 - Ofek, Eyal A1 - Franco, Mar Gonzalez A1 - Holz, Christian T1 - Mise-Unseen BT - Using Eye-Tracking to Hide Virtual Reality Scene Changes in Plain Sight T2 - UIST '19: Proceedings of the 32nd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology N2 - Creating or arranging objects at runtime is needed in many virtual reality applications, but such changes are noticed when they occur inside the user's field of view. We present Mise-Unseen, a software system that applies such scene changes covertly inside the user's field of view. Mise-Unseen leverages gaze tracking to create models of user attention, intention, and spatial memory to determine if and when to inject a change. We present seven applications of Mise-Unseen to unnoticeably modify the scene within view (i) to hide that task difficulty is adapted to the user, (ii) to adapt the experience to the user's preferences, (iii) to time the use of low fidelity effects, (iv) to detect user choice for passive haptics even when lacking physical props, (v) to sustain physical locomotion despite a lack of physical space, (vi) to reduce motion sickness during virtual locomotion, and (vii) to verify user understanding during story progression. We evaluated Mise-Unseen and our applications in a user study with 15 participants and find that while gaze data indeed supports obfuscating changes inside the field of view, a change is rendered unnoticeably by using gaze in combination with common masking techniques. KW - Eye-tracking KW - virtual reality KW - change blindness KW - inattentional blindness KW - staging Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-1-4503-6816-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3332165.3347919 SP - 777 EP - 789 PB - Association for Computing Machinery CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, Ruo-Yu A1 - Yan, Huirong A1 - Wang, Xiang-Yu A1 - Shao, Shi A1 - Li, Hui T1 - Gamma-Ray production in the extended halo of the galaxy and possible implications for the origin of galactic cosmic rays JF - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics N2 - Various studies have implied the existence of a gaseous halo around the Galaxy extending out to similar to 100 kpc. Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) that propagate to the halo, either by diffusion or by convection with the possibly existing large-scale Galactic wind, can interact with the gas therein and produce gamma-rays via proton-proton collision. We calculate the CR distribution in the halo and the gamma-ray flux, and explore the dependence of the result on model parameters such as diffusion coefficient, CR luminosity, and CR spectral index. We find that the current measurement of isotropic gamma-ray background (IGRB) at less than or similar to TeV with the Fermi Large Area Telescope already approaches a level that can provide interesting constraints on the properties of Galactic CR (e.g., with CR luminosity L-CR <= 1041 erg s(-1)). We also discuss the possibilities of the Fermi bubble and IceCube neutrinos originating from the proton-proton collision between CRs and gas in the halo, as well as the implication of our results for the baryon budget of the hot circumgalactic medium of our Galaxy. Given that the isotropic gamma-ray background is likely to be dominated by unresolved extragalactic sources, future telescopes may extract more individual sources from the IGRB, and hence put even more stringent restrictions on the relevant quantities (such as Galactic CR luminosity and baryon budget in the halo) in the presence of a turbulent halo that we consider. KW - cosmic rays KW - Galaxy: halo KW - gamma rays: diffuse background KW - neutrinos Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaf567 SN - 0004-637X SN - 1538-4357 VL - 871 IS - 1 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scianna, Bastian Matteo T1 - Stuck in the past? BT - British views on the Spanish army’s effectiveness and military culture, 1946-1983 JF - War & Society N2 - After the Civil War the Spanish army functioned as a guardian of domestic order, but suffered from antiquated material and little financial means. These factors have been described as fundamental reasons for the army’s low potential wartime capability. This article draws on British and German sources to demonstrate how Spanish military culture prevented an augmented effectiveness and organisational change. Claiming that the army merely lacked funding and modern equipment, falls considerably short in grasping the complexities of military effectiveness and organisational cultures, and might prove fatal for current attempts to develop foreign armed forces in conflict or post-conflict zones. KW - Spain KW - Franco KW - military effectiveness KW - military culture KW - organisational change Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2019.1524347 SN - 0729-2473 SN - 2042-4345 VL - 38 IS - 1 SP - 41 EP - 56 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seyfried, Markus A1 - Reith, Florian T1 - Mixed methods for research into higher education BT - Solving the problem of institutionalized introspection? JF - Theory and method in higher education research N2 - Mixed methods approaches have become increasingly relevant in social sciences research over the last few decades. Nevertheless, we show that these approaches have rarely been explicitly applied in higher education research. This is somewhat surprising because mixed methods and empirical research into higher education seem to be a perfect match for several reasons: (1) the role of the researcher, which is associated with strong intersections between the research subject and the research object; (2) the research process, which relies on concepts and theories that are borrowed from other research fields; and (3) the research object, which exhibits unclear techniques in teaching and learning, making it difficult to grasp causalities between input and results. Mixed methods approaches provide a suitable methodology to research such topics. Beyond this, potential future developments underlining the particular relevance of mixed methods approaches in higher education are discussed. KW - Mixed methods KW - methodology KW - empirical research KW - higher education KW - qualitative research KW - quantitative research Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-1-83867-841-8 SN - 978-1-83867-842-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/S2056-375220190000005008 SN - 2056-3752 VL - 5 SP - 111 EP - 127 PB - Emerald Publishing Limited CY - Bingley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Perkins, Daniel M. A1 - Perna, Andrea A1 - Adrian, Rita A1 - Cermeno, Pedro A1 - Gaedke, Ursula A1 - Huete-Ortega, Maria A1 - White, Ethan P. A1 - Yvon-Durocher, Gabriel T1 - Energetic equivalence underpins the size structure of tree and phytoplankton communities JF - Nature Communications N2 - The size structure of autotroph communities - the relative abundance of small vs. large individuals - shapes the functioning of ecosystems. Whether common mechanisms underpin the size structure of unicellular and multicellular autotrophs is, however, unknown. Using a global data compilation, we show that individual body masses in tree and phytoplankton communities follow power-law distributions and that the average exponents of these individual size distributions (ISD) differ. Phytoplankton communities are characterized by an average ISD exponent consistent with three-quarter-power scaling of metabolism with body mass and equivalence in energy use among mass classes. Tree communities deviate from this pattern in a manner consistent with equivalence in energy use among diameter size classes. Our findings suggest that whilst universal metabolic constraints ultimately underlie the emergent size structure of autotroph communities, divergent aspects of body size (volumetric vs. linear dimensions) shape the ecological outcome of metabolic scaling in forest vs. pelagic ecosystems. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-08039-3 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 10 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wickert, Andrew D. A1 - Schildgen, Taylor F. T1 - Long-profile evolution of transport-limited gravel-bed rivers JF - Earth surface dynamics N2 - Alluvial and transport-limited bedrock rivers constitute the majority of fluvial systems on Earth. Their long profiles hold clues to their present state and past evolution. We currently possess first-principles-based governing equations for flow, sediment transport, and channel morphodynamics in these systems, which we lack for detachment-limited bedrock rivers. Here we formally couple these equations for transport-limited gravel-bed river long-profile evolution. The result is a new predictive relationship whose functional form and parameters are grounded in theory and defined through experimental data. From this, we produce a power-law analytical solution and a finite-difference numerical solution to long-profile evolution. Steady-state channel concavity and steepness are diagnostic of external drivers: concavity decreases with increasing uplift rate, and steepness increases with an increasing sediment-to-water supply ratio. Constraining free parameters explains common observations of river form: to match observed channel concavities, gravel-sized sediments must weather and fine - typically rapidly - and valleys typically should widen gradually. To match the empirical square-root width-discharge scaling in equilibrium-width gravel-bed rivers, downstream fining must occur. The ability to assign a cause to such observations is the direct result of a deductive approach to developing equations for landscape evolution. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-17-2019 SN - 2196-6311 SN - 2196-632X VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 17 EP - 43 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Montemayor, Carlos T1 - On the human uniqueness of the temporal reasoning system JF - Behavioral and brain sciences : an international journal of current research and theory with open peer commentary N2 - A central claim by Hoerl & McCormack is that the temporal reasoning system is uniquely human. But why exactly? This commentary evaluates two possible options to justify the thesis that temporal reasoning is uniquely human, one based on considerations regarding agency and the other based on language. The commentary raises problems for both of these options. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X19000335 SN - 0140-525X SN - 1469-1825 VL - 42 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Parfenteva, Olga A1 - Groth, Detlef A1 - Scheffler, Christiane A1 - Zaharova, Maria F. T1 - Influence of the A/T polymorphism of the FTO gene and sport specializations on the body composition of young Russian athletes JF - Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft für Anthropologie N2 - Background: The polymorphism in FTO gene (rs9939609) is known to be associated with higher BMI and body fat mass content. However, environmental factors can modify this effect. The purpose of the present study was to investigate an association between sport specialization and the rs9939609 SNP in FTO gene in the cohort of professional and amateur young athletes. Methods: A total number of 250 young individuals 8-18 years old living in Moscow or Moscow district participated in the study. Individuals were divided into 3 groups in accordance with their physical activity level: control group (n = 49), amateurs (n = 67) and professionals (n = 137). Amateur and professional athletes were subdivided into groups according to their sport specialization. Quantile regression was used as a regression model, where the dependent (outcome) variable was BMI, along with percentage of body fat mass, and the independent variables (predictors) were the rs9939609 SNP in FTO gene, physical activity (active versus inactive), sport specialization (aerobic, intermittent sports and martial arts), nationality, level of sport experience (in years), gender and percentage of free fat mass content. Results: The regression analysis revealed that physical activity and sport specialization had greater impact compared to FTO allele in the group of physically active individuals. Physical activity, in particular aerobic, had negative associations with body fat mass and BMI. The rs9939609 SNP in FTO gene is associated with physical activity and aerobic activity. The magnitude of association becomes significantly larger at the upper quantiles of the body fat mass distribution. Conclusion: Physical activity and sport specialization explained more variance in body composition of physically active young individuals compared to the FTO polymorphism. Effect of interaction of physical activity, in particular aerobic, with the FTO polymorphism on body composition of young athletes was found. KW - physical activity KW - professional and amateur athletes KW - children and adolescents KW - BMI KW - percentage of fat mass KW - FTO KW - aerobic sports activity KW - quantile regression Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2019/0943 SN - 0003-5548 VL - 76 IS - 5 SP - 401 EP - 408 PB - Schweizerbart CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dolezalova, Barbora A1 - Kubatova, Brankica A1 - Kubat, Jiri A1 - Hamann, Wolf-Rainer T1 - The Quasi-WR Star HD 45166 Revisited T2 - Radiative signatures from the cosmos N2 - We studied the wind of the quasi Wolf-Rayet (qWR) star HD 45166. As a first step we modeled the observed UV spectra of this star by means of the state-of-the-art Potsdam Wolf-Rayet (PoWR) atmosphere code. We inferred the wind parameters and compared them with previous findings. Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-1-58381-925-8 SN - 1050-3390 VL - 519 SP - 197 EP - 200 PB - Astronomical soc pacific CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lonsdorf, Tina B. A1 - Klingelhöfer-Jens, Maren A1 - Andreatta, Marta A1 - Beckers, Tom A1 - Chalkia, Anastasia A1 - Gerlicher, Anna A1 - Jentsch, Valerie L. A1 - Drexler, Shira Meir A1 - Mertens, Gaetan A1 - Richter, Jan A1 - Sjouwerman, Rachel A1 - Wendt, Julia A1 - Merz, Christian J. T1 - Navigating the garden of forking paths for data exclusions in fear conditioning research JF - eLife N2 - In this report, we illustrate the considerable impact of researcher degrees of freedom with respect to exclusion of participants in paradigms with a learning element. We illustrate this empirically through case examples from human fear conditioning research, in which the exclusion of ‘non-learners’ and ‘non-responders’ is common – despite a lack of consensus on how to define these groups. We illustrate the substantial heterogeneity in exclusion criteria identified in a systematic literature search and highlight the potential problems and pitfalls of different definitions through case examples based on re-analyses of existing data sets. On the basis of these studies, we propose a consensus on evidence-based rather than idiosyncratic criteria, including clear guidelines on reporting details. Taken together, we illustrate how flexibility in data collection and analysis can be avoided, which will benefit the robustness and replicability of research findings and can be expected to be applicable to other fields of research that involve a learning element. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.52465 SN - 2050-084X VL - 8 PB - eLife Sciences Publications CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lonsdorf, Tina B. A1 - Klingelhöfer-Jens, Maren A1 - Andreatta, Marta A1 - Beckers, Tom A1 - Chalkia, Anastasia A1 - Gerlicher, Anna Maria Veronika A1 - Jentsch, Valerie L. A1 - Drexler, Shira Meir A1 - Mertens, Gaetan A1 - Richter, Jan A1 - Sjouwerman, Rachel A1 - Wendt, Julia A1 - Merz, Christian J. T1 - Navigating the garden of forking paths for data exclusions in fear conditioning research JF - eLife Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.52465 SN - 2050-084X VL - 8 PB - eLife Sciences Publications CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werchmeister, Rebecka Maria Larsen A1 - Tang, Jing A1 - Xiao, Xinxin A1 - Wollenberger, Ulla A1 - Hjuler, Hans Aage A1 - Ulstrup, Jens A1 - Zhang, Jingdong T1 - Three-Dimensional Bioelectrodes Utilizing Graphene Based Bioink JF - Journal of The Electrochemical Society N2 - Enzyme immobilization using nanomaterials offers new approaches to enhanced bioelectrochemical performance and is essential for the preparation of bioelectrodes with high reproducibility and low cost. In this report, we describe the development of new three-dimensional (3D) bioelectrodes by immobilizing a "bioink" of glucose oxidase (GOD) in a matrix of reduced graphene oxides (RGOs), polyethylenimine (PEI), and ferrocene carboxylic acid (FcCOOH) on carbon paper (CP). CP with 3D interwoven carbon fibers serves as a solid porous and electronically conducting skeleton, providing large surface areas and space for loading the bioink and diffusion of substrate molecules, respectively. RGO enhances contact between the GOD-matrix and CP, maintaining high conductivity. The composition of the bioink has been systematically optimized. The GOD bioelectrodes show linearly increasing electrocatalytic oxidation current toward glucose concentration up to 48 mM. A hybrid enzymatic biofuel cell equipped with the GOD bioelectrode as a bioanode and a platinum cathode furthermore registers a maximum power density of 5.1 mu W cm(-2) and an open circuit voltage of 0.40 V at 25 degrees C. The new method reported of preparing a bioelectrode by drop-casting the bioink onto the substrate electrode is facile and versatile, with the potential of application also for other enzymatic bioelectrodes. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0261916jes SN - 0013-4651 SN - 1945-7111 VL - 166 IS - 16 SP - G170 EP - G177 PB - The Electrochemical Society CY - Pennington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaczorek, Danuta A1 - Puppe, Daniel A1 - Busse, Jacqueline A1 - Sommer, Michael T1 - Effects of phytolith distribution and characteristics on extractable silicon fractions in soils under different vegetation - An exploratory study on loess JF - Geoderma : an international journal of soil science N2 - The significance of phytoliths for the control of silicon (Si) fluxes from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems has been recognized as a key factor. Humankind actively influences Si fluxes by intensified land use, i.e., agriculture and forestry, on a global scale. We hypothesized phytolith distribution and assemblages in soils of agricultural and forestry sites to be controlled by vegetation (which is directed by land use) with direct effects on extractable Si fractions driven mainly by phytolith characteristics, i.e., dissolution status (dissolution signs) and morphology (morphotype proportions). To test our hypothesis we combined different chemical extraction methods (calcium chloride, ammonium oxalate, Tiron) for the quantification of different Si fractions (plant available Si, Si adsorbed to/occluded in pedogenic oxides/hydroxides, amorphous Si) and microscopic techniques (light microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy) for detailed analyses of phytoliths extracted using gravimetric separation (physical extraction) from exemplary loess soils of agricultural (arable land and grassland/meadow) and forestry (beech and pine) sites in Poland. We found differences in dissolution signs, morphotype proportions, and vertical distribution of phytoliths in soil horizons per site. In general, dominant morphotypes of assignable phytoliths in the studied soil profiles were elongate phytoliths and short cells, both of which are typical for grass-dominated vegetation. However, the organic layers of forest soils were dominated by globular phytoliths, which are typical indicators for mosses. As expected soil horizons under different vegetation generally were characterized by differences in extractable Si fractions, especially in the upper soil horizons. However, phytogenic Si pools counter-intuitively showed no correlations with chemically extracted Si fractions and soil pH at all. Our findings indicate that it is necessary to combine microscopic analyses and Si extraction techniques for examinations of Si cycling in biogeosystems, because extractions of Si fractions alone do not allow drawing any conclusions about phytolith characteristics or interactions between phytolith pools and chemically extractable Si fractions and do not necessarily reflect phytogenic Si pool quantities in soils and vice versa. KW - Phytolith dissolution KW - Phytolith morphotypes KW - Si extraction KW - Surface roughness parameters KW - Si cycling Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.113917 SN - 0016-7061 SN - 1872-6259 VL - 356 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Günther, Erika A1 - Klauß, André A1 - Toro-Nahuelpan, Mauricio A1 - Schüler, Dirk A1 - Hille, Carsten A1 - Faivre, Damien T1 - The in vivo mechanics of the magnetotactic backbone as revealed by correlative FLIM-FRET and STED microscopy JF - Scientific reports N2 - Protein interaction and protein imaging strongly benefit from the advancements in time-resolved and superresolution fluorescence microscopic techniques. However, the techniques were typically applied separately and ex vivo because of technical challenges and the absence of suitable fluorescent protein pairs. Here, we show correlative in vivo fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy Forster resonance energy transfer (FLIM-FRET) and stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy to unravel protein mechanics and structure in living cells. We use magnetotactic bacteria as a model system where two proteins, MamJ and MamK, are used to assemble magnetic particles called magnetosomes. The filament polymerizes out of MamK and the magnetosomes are connected via the linker MamJ. Our system reveals that bacterial filamentous structures are more fragile than the connection of biomineralized particles to this filament. More importantly, we anticipate the technique to find wide applicability for the study and quantification of biological processes in living cells and at high resolution. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55804-5 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 9 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Feldmeier, Achim T1 - Theoretical Fluid Dynamics T3 - Theoretical and Mathematical Physics Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-030-31021-9 (online) SN - 978-3-030-31023-3 (print) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31022-6 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thomas, Jessica E. A1 - Carvalho, Gary R. A1 - Haile, James A1 - Rawlence, Nicolas J. A1 - Martin, Michael D. A1 - Ho, Simon Y. W. A1 - Sigfusson, Arnor P. A1 - Josefsson, Vigfus A. A1 - Frederiksen, Morten A1 - Linnebjerg, Jannie F. A1 - Castruita, Jose A. Samaniego A1 - Niemann, Jonas A1 - Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S. A1 - Sandoval-Velasco, Marcela A1 - Soares, Andre E. R. A1 - Lacy, Robert A1 - Barilaro, Christina A1 - Best, Juila A1 - Brandis, Dirk A1 - Cavallo, Chiara A1 - Elorza, Mikelo A1 - Garrett, Kimball L. A1 - Groot, Maaike A1 - Johansson, Friederike A1 - Lifjeld, Jan T. A1 - Nilson, Goran A1 - Serjeanston, Dale A1 - Sweet, Paul A1 - Fuller, Errol A1 - Hufthammer, Anne Karin A1 - Meldgaard, Morten A1 - Fjeldsa, Jon A1 - Shapiro, Beth A1 - Hofreiter, Michael A1 - Stewart, John R. A1 - Gilbert, M. Thomas P. A1 - Knapp, Michael T1 - Demographic reconstruction from ancient DNA supports rapid extinction of the great auk JF - eLife N2 - The great auk was once abundant and distributed across the North Atlantic. It is now extinct, having been heavily exploited for its eggs, meat, and feathers. We investigated the impact of human hunting on its demise by integrating genetic data, GPS-based ocean current data, and analyses of population viability. We sequenced complete mitochondrial genomes of 41 individuals from across the species' geographic range and reconstructed population structure and population dynamics throughout the Holocene. Taken together, our data do not provide any evidence that great auks were at risk of extinction prior to the onset of intensive human hunting in the early 16th century. In addition, our population viability analyses reveal that even if the great auk had not been under threat by environmental change, human hunting alone could have been sufficient to cause its extinction. Our results emphasise the vulnerability of even abundant and widespread species to intense and localised exploitation. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.47509 SN - 2050-084X VL - 8 PB - eLife Sciences Publications CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bufe, Aaron A1 - Turowski, Jens M. A1 - Burbank, Douglas W. A1 - Paola, Chris A1 - Wickert, Andrew D. A1 - Tofelde, Stefanie T1 - Controls on the lateral channel-migration rate of braided channel systems in coarse non-cohesive sediment JF - Earth surface processes and landforms : the journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group N2 - Lateral movements of alluvial river channels control the extent and reworking rates of alluvial fans, floodplains, deltas, and alluvial sections of bedrock rivers. These lateral movements can occur by gradual channel migration or by sudden changes in channel position (avulsions). Whereas models exist for rates of river avulsion, we lack a detailed understanding of the rates of lateral channel migration on the scale of a channel belt. In a two-step process, we develop here an expression for the lateral migration rate of braided channel systems in coarse, non-cohesive sediment. On the basis of photographic and topographic data from laboratory experiments of braided channels performed under constant external boundary conditions, we first explore the impact of autogenic variations of the channel-system geometry (i.e. channel-bank heights, water depths, channel-system width, and channel slope) on channel-migration rates. In agreement with theoretical expectations, we find that, under such constant boundary conditions, the laterally reworked volume of sediment is constant and lateral channel-migration rates scale inversely with the channel-bank height. Furthermore, when channel-bank heights are accounted for, lateral migration rates are independent of the remaining channel geometry parameters. These constraints allow us, in a second step, to derive two alternative expressions for lateral channel-migration rates under different boundary conditions using dimensional analysis. Fits of a compilation of laboratory experiments to these expressions suggest that, for a given channel bank-height, migration rates are strongly sensitive to water discharges and more weakly sensitive to sediment discharges. In addition, external perturbations, such as changes in sediment and water discharges or base level fall, can indirectly affect lateral channel-migration rates by modulating channel-bank heights. KW - braided alluvial rivers KW - physical experiments KW - channel migration Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4710 SN - 0197-9337 SN - 1096-9837 VL - 44 IS - 14 SP - 2823 EP - 2836 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bröker, Katharine A1 - Sinelnikov, Evgeny A1 - Gustavus, Dirk A1 - Schumacher, Udo A1 - Pörtner, Ralf A1 - Hoffmeister, Hans A1 - Lüth, Stefan A1 - Dammermann, Werner T1 - Mass Production of Highly Active NK Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy in a GMP Conform Perfusion Bioreactor JF - Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology N2 - NK cells have emerged as promising candidates for cancer immunotherapy, especially due to their ability to fight circulating tumor cells thereby preventing metastases formation. Hence several studies have been performed to generate and expand highly cytotoxic NK cells ex vivo, e.g., by using specific cytokines to upregulate both their proliferation and surface expression of distinct activating receptors. Apart from an enhanced activity, application of NK cells as immunotherapeutic agent further requires sufficient cell numbers and a high purity. All these parameters depend on a variety of different factors including the starting material, additives like cytokines as well as the culture system. Here we analyzed PBMC-derived NK cells of five anonymized healthy donors expanded under specific conditions in an innovative perfusion bioreactor system with respect to their phenotype, IFN gamma production, and cytotoxicity in vitro. Important features of the meander type bioreactors used here are a directed laminar flow of medium and control of relevant process parameters. Cells are cultivated under "steady state" conditions in perfusion mode. Our data demonstrate that expansion of CD3(+) T cell depleted PBMCs in our standardized system generates massive amounts of highly pure (>85%) and potent anticancer active NK cells. These cells express a variety of important receptors driving NK cell recruitment, adhesion as well as activation. More specifically, they express the chemokine receptors CXCR3, CXCR4, and CCR7, the adhesion molecules L-selectin, LFA-1, and VLA-4, the activating receptors NKp30, NKp44, NKp46, NKG2D, DNAM1, and CD16 as well as the death ligands TRAIL and Fas-L. Moreover, the generated NK cells show a strong IFN gamma expression upon cultivation with K562 tumor cells and demonstrate a high cytotoxicity toward leukemic as well as solid tumor cell lines in vitro. Altogether, these characteristics promise a high clinical potency of thus produced NK cells awaiting further evaluation. KW - natural killer cells (NK cells) KW - cytotoxicity KW - tumor immunity KW - immunotherapy KW - perfusion bioreactor KW - GMP KW - mass production process Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2019.00194 SN - 2296-4185 VL - 7 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schosser, Josef A1 - Ströbele, Heiko T1 - What is the value of Facebook? BT - Evidence from the Schwartz/Moon model JF - Journal of risk finance N2 - On May 17, 2012, the social networking company Facebook Inc. fixes its initial public offering (IPO) price at $38.00 a share. Over the next couple of months, contrary to expectations raised by previous IPOs, the stock price crashes more than 50 per cent. Immediately, the question arises whether the issuer’s or the stock market’s pricing of the share are in line with the firm’s fundamentals. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to determine the company value in close proximity to the date of IPO. KW - Facebook KW - Firm valuation KW - Growth company KW - Initial public offering KW - Real options KW - Schwartz KW - Moon model KW - G32 Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/JRF-05-2018-0069 SN - 1526-5943 SN - 2331-2947 VL - 20 IS - 3 SP - 267 EP - 290 PB - Emerald Group Publishing Limited CY - Bingley ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dietrich, Stefan A1 - Jacobs, Simone A1 - Zheng, Ju-Sheng A1 - Meidtner, Karina A1 - Schwingshackl, Lukas A1 - Schulze, Matthias Bernd T1 - Gene-lifestyle interaction on risk of type 2 diabetes BT - A systematic review JF - Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity N2 - The pathophysiological influence of gene-lifestyle interactions on the risk to develop type 2 diabetes (T2D) is currently under intensive research. This systematic review summarizes the evidence for gene-lifestyle interactions regarding T2D incidence. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science were systematically searched until 31 January 2019 to identify publication with (a) prospective study design; (b) T2D incidence; (c) gene-diet, gene-physical activity, and gene-weight loss intervention interaction; and (d) population who are healthy or prediabetic. Of 66 eligible publications, 28 reported significant interactions. A variety of different genetic variants and dietary factors were studied. Variants at TCF7L2 were most frequently investigated and showed interactions with fiber and whole grain on T2D incidence. Further gene-diet interactions were reported for, eg, a western dietary pattern with a T2D-GRS, fat and carbohydrate with IRS1 rs2943641, and heme iron with variants of HFE. Physical activity showed interaction with HNF1B, IRS1, PPAR gamma, ADRA2B, SLC2A2, and ABCC8 variants and weight loss interventions with ENPP1, PPAR gamma, ADIPOR2, ADRA2B, TNF alpha, and LIPC variants. However, most findings represent single study findings obtained in European ethnicities. Although some interactions have been reported, their conclusiveness is still low, as most findings were not yet replicated across multiple study populations. KW - diet KW - gene-lifestyle interaction KW - incident type 2 diabetes KW - physical activity KW - weight loss intervention Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12921 SN - 1467-7881 SN - 1467-789X VL - 20 IS - 11 SP - 1557 EP - 1571 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klatt, Stefanie A1 - Noel, Benjamin A1 - Musculus, Lisa A1 - Werner, Karsten A1 - Laborde, Sylvain A1 - Lopes, Mariana Calabria A1 - Greco, Pablo J. A1 - Memmert, Daniel A1 - Raab, Markus T1 - Creative and Intuitive Decision-Making Processes: A Comparison of Brazilian and German Soccer Coaches and Players JF - Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport N2 - Purpose: The concepts of creativity and intuition have been well studied in isolation, but less is known about their distinctive contributions to option generation in decision making. Method: We examined the relation between creative and intuitive decision making in two studies-one involving coaches and one involving soccer players-using video footage of real soccer matches. Additionally, we analyzed whether this relation is culture generic or culture specific by conducting matched cross-cultural studies in a European and a South American country. Results: In Study 1, results indicate a conceptual overlap of creativity and intuition for Brazilian and German soccer coaches. Furthermore, coaches did not differ in their evaluation of creative and intuitive actions of players of both cultures. In Study 2, we found that for both subsamples the total number of generated options was positively correlated with the quality of the first and the final option and that the quality of players' first (intuitive) option was higher than that of options generated later. Moreover, results indicate a positive correlation between a player's creativity score and the quality of the first generated option for the whole sample. Conclusion: Overall, our findings provide meaningful information regarding athletes' and coaches' option-generation processes in decision making in complex team sports. KW - Choice KW - cognitive process KW - evaluation KW - soccer Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2019.1642994 SN - 0270-1367 SN - 2168-3824 VL - 90 IS - 4 SP - 651 EP - 665 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Löpfe, Moira A1 - Duss, Anja A1 - Zafeiropoulou, Katerina-Alexandra A1 - Bjoergvinsdottir, Oddny A1 - Eglin, David A1 - Fortunato, Giuseppino A1 - Klasen, Jürgen A1 - Ferguson, Stephen J. A1 - Würtz-Kozak, Karin A1 - Krupkova, Olga T1 - Electrospray-Based Microencapsulation of Epigallocatechin 3-Gallate for Local Delivery into the Intervertebral Disc JF - Pharmaceutics N2 - Locally delivered anti-inflammatory compounds can restore the homeostasis of the degenerated intervertebral disc (IVD). With beneficial effects on IVD cells, epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) is a promising therapeutic candidate. However, EGCG is prone to rapid degradation and/or depletion. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a method for controlled EGCG delivery in the degenerated IVD. Primary IVD cells were isolated from human donors undergoing IVD surgeries. EGCG was encapsulated into microparticles by electrospraying of glutaraldehyde-crosslinked gelatin. The resulting particles were characterized in terms of cytocompatibility and anti-inflammatory activity, and combined with a thermoresponsive carrier to produce an injectable EGCG delivery system. Subsequently, electrospraying was scaled up using the industrial NANOSPIDER (TM) technology. The produced EGCG microparticles reduced the expression of inflammatory (IL-6, IL-8, COX-2) and catabolic (MMP1, MMP3, MMP13) mediators in pro-inflammatory 3D cell cultures. Combining the EGCG microparticles with the carrier showed a trend towards modulating EGCG activity/release. Electrospray upscaling was achieved, leading to particles with homogenous spherical morphologies. In conclusion, electrospray-based encapsulation of EGCG resulted in cytocompatible microparticles that preserved the activity of EGCG and showed the potential to control EGCG release, thus favoring IVD health by downregulating local inflammation. Future studies will focus on further exploring the biological activity of the developed delivery system for potential clinical use. KW - degenerative disc disease KW - inflammation KW - drug delivery KW - EGCG KW - microparticles KW - injectable biomaterial KW - electrospraying Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11090435 SN - 1999-4923 VL - 11 IS - 9 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rodriguez-Sillke, Yasmina A1 - Steinhoff, U. A1 - Bojarski, Christian A1 - Lissner, Donata A1 - Schumann, Michael A1 - Branchi, F. A1 - Siegmund, Britta A1 - Glauben, Rainer T1 - Deep immune profiling of human Peyer´s Patches in patients of inflammatory bowel diseases T2 - European journal of immunology Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.201970300 SN - 0014-2980 SN - 1521-4141 VL - 49 SP - 203 EP - 204 PB - Wiley CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Miele, Vincent A1 - Guill, Christian A1 - Ramos-Jiliberto, Rodrigo A1 - Kéfi, Sonia T1 - Non-trophic interactions strengthen the diversity-functioning relationship in an ecological bioenergetic network model JF - PLoS Computational Biology : a new community journal N2 - Ecological communities are undeniably diverse, both in terms of the species that compose them as well as the type of interactions that link species to each other. Despite this long recognition of the coexistence of multiple interaction types in nature, little is known about the consequences of this diversity for community functioning. In the ongoing context of global change and increasing species extinction rates, it seems crucial to improve our understanding of the drivers of the relationship between species diversity and ecosystem functioning. Here, using a multispecies dynamical model of ecological communities including various interaction types (e.g. competition for space, predator interference, recruitment facilitation in addition to feeding), we studied the role of the presence and the intensity of these interactions for species diversity, community functioning (biomass and production) and the relationship between diversity and functioning. Taken jointly, the diverse interactions have significant effects on species diversity, whose amplitude and sign depend on the type of interactions involved and their relative abundance. They however consistently increase the slope of the relationship between diversity and functioning, suggesting that species losses might have stronger effects on community functioning than expected when ignoring the diversity of interaction types and focusing on feeding interactions only. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007269 SN - 1553-7358 VL - 15 IS - 8 PB - PLoS CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Smith, Sarah R. A1 - Dupont, Chris L. A1 - McCarthy, James K. A1 - Broddrick, Jared T. A1 - Obornik, Miroslav A1 - Horak, Ales A1 - Füssy, Zoltán A1 - Cihlar, Jaromir A1 - Kleessen, Sabrina A1 - Zheng, Hong A1 - McCrow, John P. A1 - Hixson, Kim K. A1 - Araujo, Wagner L. A1 - Nunes-Nesi, Adriano A1 - Fernie, Alisdair R. A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran A1 - Palsson, Bernhard O. A1 - Allen, Andrew E. T1 - Evolution and regulation of nitrogen flux through compartmentalized metabolic networks in a marine diatom JF - Nature Communications N2 - Diatoms outcompete other phytoplankton for nitrate, yet little is known about the mechanisms underpinning this ability. Genomes and genome-enabled studies have shown that diatoms possess unique features of nitrogen metabolism however, the implications for nutrient utilization and growth are poorly understood. Using a combination of transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, fluxomics, and flux balance analysis to examine short-term shifts in nitrogen utilization in the model pennate diatom in Phaeodactylum tricornutum, we obtained a systems-level understanding of assimilation and intracellular distribution of nitrogen. Chloroplasts and mitochondria are energetically integrated at the critical intersection of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in diatoms. Pathways involved in this integration are organelle-localized GS-GOGAT cycles, aspartate and alanine systems for amino moiety exchange, and a split-organelle arginine biosynthesis pathway that clarifies the role of the diatom urea cycle. This unique configuration allows diatoms to efficiently adjust to changing nitrogen status, conferring an ecological advantage over other phytoplankton taxa. KW - Biochemistry KW - Computational biology and bioinformatics KW - Evolution KW - Microbiology KW - Molecular biology Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12407-y SN - 2041-1723 VL - 10 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Becker, George D. A1 - Pettini, Max A1 - Rafelski, Marc A1 - Boera, Elisa A1 - Christensen, Lise A1 - Cupani, Guido A1 - Ellison, Sara L. A1 - Farina, Emanuele Paolo A1 - Fumagalli, Michele A1 - Lopez, Sebastian A1 - Neeleman, Marcel A1 - Ryan-Weber, Emma A1 - Worseck, Gabor T1 - The Evolution of OI over 3.2 < z < 6.5: Reionization of the Circumgalactic Medium JF - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics N2 - We present a survey for metal absorption systems traced by neutral oxygen over 3.2 < z < 6.5. Our survey uses Keck/ESI and VLT/X-Shooter spectra of 199 QSOs with redshifts up to 6.6. In total, we detect 74 OI absorbers, of which 57 are separated from the background QSO by more than 5000 km s(-1). We use a maximum likelihood approach to fit the distribution of OI lambda 1302 equivalent widths in bins of redshift and from this determine the evolution in number density of absorbers with W-1302 > 0.05 angstrom, of which there are 49 nonproximate systems in our sample. We find that the number density does not monotonically increase with decreasing redshift, as would naively be expected from the buildup of metal-enriched circumgalactic gas with time. The number density over 4.9 < z < 5.7 is a factor of 1.7-4.1 lower (68% confidence) than that over 5.7 < z < 6.5, with a lower value at z < 5.7 favored with 99% confidence. This decrease suggests that the fraction of metals in a low-ionization phase is larger at z similar to 6 than at lower redshifts. Absorption from highly ionized metals traced by CIV is also weaker in higher-redshift OI systems, supporting this picture. The evolution of OI absorbers implies that metal-enriched circumgalactic gas at z similar to 6 is undergoing an ionization transition driven by a strengthening ultraviolet background. This in turn suggests that the reionization of the diffuse intergalactic medium may still be ongoing at or only recently ended by this epoch. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab3eb5 SN - 0004-637X SN - 1538-4357 VL - 883 IS - 2 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - GEN A1 - Höfer, Chris Tina A1 - Di Lella, Santiago A1 - Dahmani, Ismail A1 - Jungnick, Nadine A1 - Bordag, Natalie A1 - Bobone, Sara A1 - Huan, Q. A1 - Keller, S. A1 - Herrmann, A. A1 - Chiantia, Salvatore T1 - Corrigendum to: Structural determinants of the interaction between influenza A virus matrix protein M1 and lipid membranes (Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes. - 1861, (2019), pg 1123-1134) T2 - Biochimica et biophysica acta : Biomembranes Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.07.002 SN - 0005-2736 SN - 1879-2642 VL - 1861 IS - 10 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alker, Wiebke A1 - Schwerdtle, Tanja A1 - Schomburg, Lutz A1 - Haase, Hajo T1 - A Zinpyr-1-based Fluorimetric Microassay for Free Zinc in Human Serum JF - International journal of molecular sciences N2 - Zinc is an essential trace element, making it crucial to have a reliable biomarker for evaluating an individual’s zinc status. The total serum zinc concentration, which is presently the most commonly used biomarker, is not ideal for this purpose, but a superior alternative is still missing. The free zinc concentration, which describes the fraction of zinc that is only loosely bound and easily exchangeable, has been proposed for this purpose, as it reflects the highly bioavailable part of serum zinc. This report presents a fluorescence-based method for determining the free zinc concentration in human serum samples, using the fluorescent probe Zinpyr-1. The assay has been applied on 154 commercially obtained human serum samples. Measured free zinc concentrations ranged from 0.09 to 0.42 nM with a mean of 0.22 ± 0.05 nM. It did not correlate with age or the total serum concentrations of zinc, manganese, iron or selenium. A negative correlation between the concentration of free zinc and total copper has been seen for sera from females. In addition, the free zinc concentration in sera from females (0.21 ± 0.05 nM) was significantly lower than in males (0.23 ± 0.06 nM). The assay uses a sample volume of less than 10 µL, is rapid and cost-effective and allows us to address questions regarding factors influencing the free serum zinc concentration, its connection with the body’s zinc status, and its suitability as a future biomarker for an individual’s zinc status. KW - zinc KW - free zinc KW - serum KW - biomarker KW - fluorescent probe KW - Zinypr-1 Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20164006 SN - 1661-6596 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 20 IS - 16 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilkin, Kyle J. A1 - Parrish, Robert M. A1 - Yang, Jie A1 - Wolf, Thomas J. A. A1 - Nunes, J. Pedro F. A1 - Gühr, Markus A1 - Li, Renkai A1 - Shen, Xiaozhe A1 - Zheng, Qiang A1 - Wang, Xijie A1 - Martinez, Todd J. A1 - Centurion, Martin T1 - Diffractive imaging of dissociation and ground-state dynamics in a complex molecule JF - Physical review : A, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics N2 - We have investigated the structural dynamics in photoexcited 1,2-diiodotetrafluoroethane molecules (C2F4I2) in the gas phase experimentally using ultrafast electron diffraction and theoretically using FOMO-CASCI excited-state dynamics simulations. The molecules are excited by an ultraviolet femtosecond laser pulse to a state characterized by a transition from the iodine 5p perpendicular to orbital to a mixed 5p parallel to sigma hole and CF2 center dot antibonding orbital, which results in the cleavage of one of the carbon-iodine bonds. We have observed, with sub-Angstrom resolution, the motion of the nuclear wave packet of the dissociating iodine atom followed by coherent vibrations in the electronic ground state of the C2F4I radical. The radical reaches a stable classical (nonbridged) structure in less than 200 fs. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.100.023402 SN - 2469-9926 SN - 2469-9934 VL - 100 IS - 2 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Levy, Jessica A1 - Brunner, Martin A1 - Keller, Ulrich A1 - Fischbach, Antoine T1 - Methodological issues in value-added modeling: an international review from 26 countries JF - Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability N2 - Value-added (VA) modeling can be used to quantify teacher and school effectiveness by estimating the effect of pedagogical actions on students’ achievement. It is gaining increasing importance in educational evaluation, teacher accountability, and high-stakes decisions. We analyzed 370 empirical studies on VA modeling, focusing on modeling and methodological issues to identify key factors for improvement. The studies stemmed from 26 countries (68% from the USA). Most studies applied linear regression or multilevel models. Most studies (i.e., 85%) included prior achievement as a covariate, but only 2% included noncognitive predictors of achievement (e.g., personality or affective student variables). Fifty-five percent of the studies did not apply statistical adjustments (e.g., shrinkage) to increase precision in effectiveness estimates, and 88% included no model diagnostics. We conclude that research on VA modeling can be significantly enhanced regarding the inclusion of covariates, model adjustment and diagnostics, and the clarity and transparency of reporting. What is the added value from attending a certain school or being taught by a certain teacher? To answer this question, the value-added (VA) model was developed. In this model, the actual achievement attained by students attending a certain school or being taught by a certain teacher is juxtaposed with the achievement that is expected for students with the same background characteristics (e.g., pretest scores). To this end, the VA model can be used to compute a VA score for each school or teacher, respectively. If actual achievement is better than expected achievement, there is a positive effect (i.e., a positive VA score) of attending a certain school or being taught by a certain teacher. In other words, VA models have been developed to “make fair comparisons of the academic progress of pupils in different settings” (Tymms 1999, p. 27). Their aim is to operationalize teacher or school effectiveness objectively. Specifically, VA models are often used for accountability purposes and high-stakes decisions (e.g., to allocate financial or personal resources to schools or even to decide which teachers should be promoted or discharged). Consequently, VA modeling is a highly political topic, especially in the USA, where many states have implemented VA or VA-based models for teacher evaluation (Amrein-Beardsley and Holloway 2017; Kurtz 2018). However, this use for high-stakes decisions is highly controversial and researchers seem to disagree concerning the question if VA scores should be used for decision-making (Goldhaber 2015). For a more exhaustive discussion of the use of VA models for accountability reasons, see, for example, Scherrer (2011). Given the far-reaching impact of VA scores, it is surprising that there is scarcity of systematic reviews of how VA scores are computed, evaluated, and how this research is reported. To this end, we review 370 empirical studies from 26 countries to rigorously examine several key issues in VA modeling, involving (a) the statistical model (e.g., linear regression, multilevel model) that is used, (b) model diagnostics and reported statistical parameters that are used to evaluate the quality of the VA model, (c) the statistical adjustments that are made to overcome methodological challenges (e.g., measurement error of the outcome variables), and (d) the covariates (e.g., pretest scores, students’ sociodemographic background) that are used when estimating expected achievement. All this information is critical for meeting the transparency standards defined by the American Educational Research Association (AERA 2006). Transparency is vital for educational research in general and especially for highly consequential research, such as VA modeling. First, transparency is highly relevant for researchers. The clearer the description of the model, the easier it is to build upon the knowledge of previous research and to safeguard the potential for replicating previous results. Second, because decisions that are based on VA scores affect teachers’ lives and schools’ futures, not only educational agents but also the general public should be able to comprehend how these scores are calculated to allow for public scrutiny. Specifically, given that VA scores can have devastating consequences on teachers’ lives and on the students they teach, transparency is particularly important to evaluate the chosen methodology to compute VA models for a certain purpose. Such evaluations are essential to answer the question to what extent the quality of VA scores allows to base far-reaching decisions on these scores for accountability purposes. KW - Value-added modeling KW - Literature review KW - Primary and secondary education KW - Teacher effectiveness KW - School effectiveness Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11092-019-09303-w SN - 1874-8597 SN - 1874-8600 VL - 31 IS - 3 SP - 257 EP - 287 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schultze, Christiane A1 - Schmidt, Bernd T1 - Functionalized Benzofurans via Microwave-Promoted Tandem Claisen-Rearrangement/5-endo-dig Cyclization JF - Journal of heterocyclic chemistry N2 - Ortho-allyloxy alkinyl benzenes undergo, upon microwave irradiation in dimethylformamide, a tandem sequence of Claisen-rearrangement and 5-endo-dig cyclization to furnish 7-allyl-substituted benzofurans. With terminal alkynes, chroman-4-ones and enaminoketones become the main products. A mechanistic proposal for this observation relies on a reaction of the starting material with the solvent dimethylformamide under the microwave conditions. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/jhet.3671 SN - 0022-152X SN - 1943-5193 VL - 56 IS - 9 SP - 2619 EP - 2629 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kleinpeter, Erich A1 - Koch, Andreas T1 - Benzyne - an acetylene- or cumulene-like electronic structure? JF - Tetrahedron N2 - The spatial magnetic properties, through-space NMR shieldings (TSNMRS), of benzyne 1 and analogues (benzene 2, 1,2,3-cyclohexatriene 3, cyclohexen-3-yne 4, cyclohexen-4-yne 5, cyclohexyne 6) have been calculated using the GIAO perturbation method employing the nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) concept and visualized as iso-chemical-shielding surfaces (ICSS) of various size and direction. The TSNMRS values could be employed to compare the diatropic ring current effects of benzene and benzyne, and, when compared with the spatial magnetic properties of the analogues, to answer the question whether the benzyne electronic structure is more acetylene- or cumulene-like, supported by structural data and delta(C-13)/ppm values. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Ltd. KW - Benzyne-allene or cumulene-like structure KW - Trough-space NMR shieldings (TSNMRS) KW - NICS KW - Iso-chemical shielding surfaces (ICSS) KW - Ring current effect Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2019.07.011 SN - 0040-4020 VL - 75 IS - 33 SP - 4663 EP - 4668 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nikolis, Vasileios C. A1 - Mischok, Andreas A1 - Siegmund, Bernhard A1 - Kublitski, Jonas A1 - Jia, Xiangkun A1 - Benduhn, Johannes A1 - Hörmann, Ulrich A1 - Neher, Dieter A1 - Gather, Malte C. A1 - Spoltore, Donato A1 - Vandewal, Koen T1 - Strong light-matter coupling for reduced photon energy losses in organic photovoltaics JF - Nature Communications N2 - Strong light-matter coupling can re-arrange the exciton energies in organic semiconductors. Here, we exploit strong coupling by embedding a fullerene-free organic solar cell (OSC) photo-active layer into an optical microcavity, leading to the formation of polariton peaks and a red-shift of the optical gap. At the same time, the open-circuit voltage of the device remains unaffected. This leads to reduced photon energy losses for the low-energy polaritons and a steepening of the absorption edge. While strong coupling reduces the optical gap, the energy of the charge-transfer state is not affected for large driving force donor-acceptor systems. Interestingly, this implies that strong coupling can be exploited in OSCs to reduce the driving force for electron transfer, without chemical or microstructural modifications of the photoactive layer. Our work demonstrates that the processes determining voltage losses in OSCs can now be tuned, and reduced to unprecedented values, simply by manipulating the device architecture. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-11717-5 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 10 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Angeleska, Angela A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran T1 - Coherent network partitions JF - Discrete applied mathematics N2 - Graph clustering is widely applied in the analysis of cellular networks reconstructed from large-scale data or obtained from experimental evidence. Here we introduce a new type of graph clustering based on the concept of coherent partition. A coherent partition of a graph G is a partition of the vertices of G that yields only disconnected subgraphs in the complement of G. The coherence number of G is then the size of the smallest edge cut inducing a coherent partition. A coherent partition of G is optimal if the size of the inducing edge cut is the coherence number of G. Given a graph G, we study coherent partitions and the coherence number in connection to (bi)clique partitions and the (bi)clique cover number. We show that the problem of finding the coherence number is NP-hard, but is of polynomial time complexity for trees. We also discuss the relation between coherent partitions and prominent graph clustering quality measures. KW - Graph partitions KW - Network clustering KW - Coherence number KW - Coherent partition Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dam.2019.02.048 SN - 0166-218X SN - 1872-6771 VL - 266 SP - 283 EP - 290 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wolf, Thomas J. A. A1 - Parrish, Robert M. A1 - Myhre, Rolf H. A1 - Martinez, Todd J. A1 - Koch, Henrik A1 - Gühr, Markus T1 - Observation of Ultrafast Intersystem Crossing in Thymine by Extreme Ultraviolet Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy JF - The journal of physical chemistry : A, Molecules, spectroscopy, kinetics, environment & general theory N2 - We studied the photoinduced ultrafast relaxation dynamics of the nucleobase thymine using gas-phase time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. By employing extreme ultraviolet pulses from high harmonic generation for photoionization, we substantially extend our spectral observation window with respect to previous studies. This enables us to follow relaxation of the excited state population all the way to low-lying electronic states including the ground state. In thymine, we observe relaxation from the optically bright (1)pi pi* state of thymine to a dark (1)n pi* state within 80 +/- 30 fs. The (1)n pi* state relaxes further within 3.5 +/- 0.3 ps to a low-lying electronic state. By comparison with quantum chemical simulations, we can unambiguously assign its spectroscopic signature to the (3)pi pi* state. Hence, our study draws a comprehensive picture of the relaxation mechanism of thymine including ultrafast intersystem crossing to the triplet manifold. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.9b05573 SN - 1089-5639 SN - 1520-5215 VL - 123 IS - 32 SP - 6897 EP - 6903 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cao, Xianyong A1 - Tian, Fang A1 - Li, Furong A1 - Gaillard, Marie-Jose A1 - Rudaya, Natalia A1 - Xu, Qinghai A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike T1 - Pollen-based quantitative land-cover reconstruction for northern Asia covering the last 40 ka cal BP JF - Climate of the past : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union N2 - We collected the available relative pollen productivity estimates (PPEs) for 27 major pollen taxa from Eurasia and applied them to estimate plant abundances during the last 40 ka cal BP (calibrated thousand years before present) using pollen counts from 203 fossil pollen records in northern Asia (north of 40 degrees N). These pollen records were organized into 42 site groups and regional mean plant abundances calculated using the REVEALS (Regional Estimates of Vegetation Abundance from Large Sites) model. Time-series clustering, constrained hierarchical clustering, and detrended canonical correspondence analysis were performed to investigate the regional pattern, time, and strength of vegetation changes, respectively. Reconstructed regional plant functional type (PFT) components for each site group are generally consistent with modern vegetation in that vegetation changes within the regions are characterized by minor changes in the abundance of PFTs rather than by an increase in new PFTs, particularly during the Holocene. We argue that pollen-based REVEALS estimates of plant abundances should be a more reliable reflection of the vegetation as pollen may overestimate the turnover, particularly when a high pollen producer invades areas dominated by low pollen producers. Comparisons with vegetation-independent climate records show that climate change is the primary factor driving land-cover changes at broad spatial and temporal scales. Vegetation changes in certain regions or periods, however, could not be explained by direct climate change, e.g. inland Siberia, where a sharp increase in evergreen conifer tree abundance occurred at ca. 7-8 ka cal BP despite an unchanging climate, potentially reflecting their response to complex climate-permafrost-fire-vegetation interactions and thus a possible long-term lagged climate response. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1503-2019 SN - 1814-9324 SN - 1814-9332 VL - 15 IS - 4 SP - 1503 EP - 1536 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Selle, Benny A1 - Knorr, Klaus-Holger A1 - Lischeid, Gunnar T1 - Mobilisation and transport of dissolved organic carbon and iron in peat catchments-Insights from the Lehstenbach stream in Germany using generalised additive models JF - Hydrological processes N2 - During the last decades, increasing exports of both dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and iron were observed from peat catchments in North America and Europe with potential consequences for water quality of streamwater and carbon storages of soils. As mobilisation and transport processes of DOC and iron in peat catchments are only partly understood, the purpose of this study was to elucidate these processes in an intensively monitored and studied system. Specifically, it was hypothesised that dissimilatory iron reduction in riparian peatland soils mobilises DOC initially adsorbed to iron minerals. During stormflow conditions, both DOC and iron will be transported into the stream network. Ferrous iron may be reoxidised at redox interfaces on its way to the stream, and subsequently, ferric iron could be transported together with DOC as complexes. To test these hypotheses, generalised additive models (GAMs) were applied to 14 years of weekly time series of discharge and concentrations of selected solutes measured in a German headwater stream called Lehstenbach. This stream drains a 4.19-km(2) forested mountain catchment; one third of which is covered by riparian peatland soils. We interpreted results of different types of GAM in the way that (a) iron reduction drove the mobilisation of DOC from peatland soils and that (b) both iron and DOC were transported as complexes after their joint mobilisation to and within the steam. It was speculated that low nitrate availability in the uppermost wetland soil layer, particularly during the growing season, promoted iron reduction and thus the mobilisation of DOC. However, the influence of nitrate on the DOC mobilisation remains relatively uncertain. This influence could be further investigated using methods similar to the GAM analysis conducted here for other catchments with long-term data as well as detailed measurements of the relevant species in riparian wetland soils and the adjacent stream network. KW - dissolved organic carbon (DOC) KW - generalised additive models (GAMs) KW - headwater catchments KW - iron KW - peatlands KW - time series analysis Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13552 SN - 0885-6087 SN - 1099-1085 VL - 33 IS - 25 SP - 3213 EP - 3225 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - GEN A1 - Braun, David R. A1 - Aldeias, Vera A1 - Archer, Will A1 - Arrowsmith, J. Ramon A1 - Baraki, Niguss A1 - Campisano, Christopher J. A1 - Deino, Alan L. A1 - DiMaggio, Erin N. A1 - Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume A1 - Engda, Blade A1 - Feary, David A. A1 - Garello, Dominique I. A1 - Kerfelew, Zenash A1 - McPherron, Shannon P. A1 - Patterson, David B. A1 - Reeves, Jonathan S. A1 - Thompson, Jessica C. A1 - Reed, Kaye E. T1 - Reply to Sahle and Gossa: Technology and geochronology at the earliest known Oldowan site at Ledi-Geraru, Ethiopia T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1911952116 SN - 0027-8424 N1 - Letter VL - 116 IS - 41 SP - 20261 EP - 20262 PB - National Acad. of Sciences CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neiber, Marco Thomas A1 - Kahl, Sandra M. A1 - Wiggering, Benedikt A1 - Glaubrecht, Matthias T1 - Adding the West-African riverine component BT - Revision of the Recent freshwater snails belonging to Pseudocleopatra Thiele, 1928 (Caenogastropoda, Cerithioidea, Paludomidae) JF - Zootaxa : an international journal of zootaxonomy ; a rapid international journal for animal taxonomists N2 - While Africa’s lacustrine gastropod fauna, in particular of Lake Tanganyika, has received much attention, the continent’s riverine malacofauna has long been neglected. Pseudocleopatra is a relatively poorly known paludomid gastropod genus with species found throughout the lower reaches of the West African Volta and Congo rivers. In the course of ongoing systematic revisions of African paludomids, we present here a morphometric analysis and revision of the recent species assigned to the genus, i.e., P. togoensis, P. voltana, P. dartevellei and P. bennikei, to improve taxonomic acuity for this group. We use available museum material for geometric morphometrics, multivariate ratio analysis and comparisons of radular and opercular characters. Our results demonstrate that the four recent species of Pseudocleopatra are clearly distinguishable on the basis of ratios of shell measurements as well as radular and opercular characters. Pseudocleopatra has generic-level synapomorphies including: concentric opercula with relatively large paucispiral nuclei, and rachidian radular teeth with usually 13–20 cusps. On the basis of this characterisation, the nominal species Cleopatra broecki is transferred to Pseudocleopatra. Additionally, the nominal taxon P. bennikei is synonymized with P. broecki n. comb. The phylogenetic relationships of Pseudocleopatra are currently unknown, but the observed tendency of some fossil taxa assigned to Pseudocleopatra towards thalassoidism, i.e., the resemblance to marine gastropods, has led to the hypothesis that some of the thalassoid endemics in Lake Tanganyika may have originated from or be related to Pseudocleopatra. Should this hypothesis be correct, which is in need of testing by molecular genetic methods when suitable samples become available, Pseudocleopatra may play a crucial role in understanding of the evolution of thalassoidism in African Paludomidae. KW - Africa KW - Congo River KW - Volta River KW - thalassoidism KW - geometric morphometrics KW - multivariate ratio analysis Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4674.3.1 SN - 1175-5326 SN - 1175-5334 VL - 4674 IS - 3 SP - 301 EP - 328 PB - Magnolia Press CY - Auckland ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rinaldi, G. A1 - Formisano, M. A1 - Kappel, David A1 - Capaccioni, F. A1 - Bockelee-Morvan, D. A1 - Cheng, Y-C A1 - Vincent, J-B A1 - Deshapriya, P. A1 - Arnold, G. A1 - Capria, M. T. A1 - Ciarniello, M. A1 - De Sanctis, M. C. A1 - Doose, L. A1 - Erard, S. A1 - Federico, C. A1 - Filacchione, G. A1 - Fink, U. A1 - Leyrat, C. A1 - Longobardo, A. A1 - Magni, G. A1 - Mighorini, A. A1 - Mottola, S. A1 - Naletto, G. A1 - Raponi, A. A1 - Taylor, F. A1 - Tosi, F. A1 - Tozzi, G. P. A1 - Salatti, M. T1 - Analysis of night-side dust activity on comet 67P observed by VIRTIS-M BT - a new method to constrain the thermal inertia on the surface JF - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal N2 - On 2015 July 18, near perihelion at a heliocentric distance of 1.28 au, the Visible InfraRed Thermal Imaging Spectrometer (VIRTIS-M) on board the Rosetta spacecraft had the opportunity of observing dust activity in the inner coma with a view of the night side (shadowed side) of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. At the time of the measurements we present here, we observe a dust plume that originates on the far side of the nucleus. We are able to identify the approximate location of its source at the boundary between the Hapi and Anuket regions, and we find that it has been in darkness for some hours before the observation. Assuming that this time span is equal to the conductive time scale, we obtain a thermal inertia in the range 25-36 W K-1 m(-2) s(-1/2). These thermal inertia values can be used to verify with a 3D finite-element method (REM) numerical code whether the surface and subsurface temperatures agree with the values found in the literature. We explored three different configurations: (1) a layer of water ice mixed with dust beneath a dust mantle of 5 mm with thermal inertia of 36 J m(-2) K-1 S-0.5 ; (2) the same structure, but with thermal inertia of 100 J m(-2) K-1 S-0.5; (3) an ice-dust mixture that is directly exposed. Of these three configurations, the first seems to be the most reasonable, both for the low thermal inertia and for the agreement with the surface and subsurface temperatures that have been found for the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The spectral properties of the plume show that the visible dust color ranged from 16 +/- 4.8%/100 nm to 13 +/- 2.6%/100 nm, indicating that this plume has no detectable color gradient. The morphology of the plume can be classified as a narrow jet that has an estimated total ejected mass of between 6 and 19 tons when we assume size distribution indices between -2.5 and -3. KW - comets: general KW - comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko KW - infrared: planetary systems Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834907 SN - 1432-0746 VL - 630 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tubiana, C. A1 - Rinaldi, G. A1 - Guettler, C. A1 - Snodgrass, C. A1 - Shi, X. A1 - Hu, X. A1 - Marschall, R. A1 - Fulle, M. A1 - Bockeele-Morvan, D. A1 - Naletto, G. A1 - Capaccioni, F. A1 - Sierks, H. A1 - Arnold, G. A1 - Barucci, M. A. A1 - Bertaux, J-L A1 - Bertini, I A1 - Bodewits, D. A1 - Capria, M. T. A1 - Ciarniello, M. A1 - Cremonese, G. A1 - Crovisier, J. A1 - Da Deppo, V A1 - Debei, S. A1 - De Cecco, M. A1 - Deller, J. A1 - De Sanctis, M. C. A1 - Davidsson, B. A1 - Doose, L. A1 - Erard, S. A1 - Filacchione, G. A1 - Fink, U. A1 - Formisano, M. A1 - Fornasier, S. A1 - Gutierrez, P. J. A1 - Ip, W-H A1 - Ivanovski, S. A1 - Kappel, David A1 - Keller, H. U. A1 - Kolokolova, L. A1 - Koschny, D. A1 - Krueger, H. A1 - La Forgia, F. A1 - Lamy, P. L. A1 - Lara, L. M. A1 - Lazzarin, M. A1 - Levasseur-Regourd, A. C. A1 - Lin, Z-Y A1 - Longobardo, A. A1 - Lopez-Moreno, J. J. A1 - Marzari, F. A1 - Migliorini, A. A1 - Mottola, S. A1 - Rodrigo, R. A1 - Taylor, F. A1 - Toth, I A1 - Zakharov, V T1 - Diurnal variation of dust and gas production in comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko at the inbound equinox as seen by OSIRIS and VIRTIS-M on board Rosetta JF - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal N2 - Context. On 27 April 2015, when comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko was at 1.76 au from the Sun and moving toward perihelion, the OSIRIS and VIRTIS-M instruments on board the Rosetta spacecraft simultaneously observed the evolving dust and gas coma during a complete rotation of the comet. Aims. We aim to characterize the spatial distribution of dust, H2O, and CO2 gas in the inner coma. To do this, we performed a quantitative analysis of the release of dust and gas and compared the observed H2O production rate with the rate we calculated using a thermophysical model. Methods. For this study we selected OSIRIS WAC images at 612 nm (dust) and VIRTIS-M image cubes at 612 nm, 2700 nm (H2O emission band), and 4200 nm (CO2 emission band). We measured the average signal in a circular annulus to study the spatial variation around the comet, and in a sector of the annulus to study temporal variation in the sunward direction with comet rotation, both at a fixed distance of 3.1 km from the comet center. Results. The spatial correlation between dust and water, both coming from the sunlit side of the comet, shows that water is the main driver of dust activity in this time period. The spatial distribution of CO2 is not correlated with water and dust. There is no strong temporal correlation between the dust brightness and water production rate as the comet rotates. The dust brightness shows a peak at 0 degrees subsolar longitude, which is not pronounced in the water production. At the same epoch, there is also a maximum in CO2 production. An excess of measured water production with respect to the value calculated using a simple thermophysical model is observed when the head lobe and regions of the southern hemisphere with strong seasonal variations are illuminated (subsolar longitude 270 degrees-50 degrees). A drastic decrease in dust production when the water production (both measured and from the model) displays a maximum occurs when typical northern consolidated regions are illuminated and the southern hemisphere regions with strong seasonal variations are instead in shadow (subsolar longitude 50 degrees-90 degrees). Possible explanations of these observations are presented and discussed. KW - comets: general KW - comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko KW - methods: data analysis Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834869 SN - 1432-0746 VL - 630 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chen, Shun-Gang A1 - Li, Ji A1 - Zhang, Fan A1 - Xiao, Bo A1 - Hu, Jia-Ming A1 - Cui, Yin-Qiu A1 - Hofreiter, Michael A1 - Hou, Xin-Dong A1 - Sheng, Gui-Lian A1 - Lai, Xu-Long A1 - Yuan, Jun-Xia T1 - Different maternal lineages revealed by ancient mitochondrial genome of Camelus bactrianus from China JF - Mitochondrial DNA Part A N2 - Domestic Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) used to be one of the most important livestock species in Chinese history, as well as the major transport carrier on the ancient Silk Road. However, archeological studies on Chinese C. bactrianus are still limited, and molecular biology research on this species is mainly focused on modern specimens. In this study, we retrieved the complete mitochondrial genome from a C. bactrianus specimen, which was excavated from northwestern China and dated at 1290-1180 cal. Phylogenetic analyses using 18 mitochondrial genomes indicated that the C. bactrianus clade was divided into two maternal lineages. The majority of samples originating from Iran to Japan and Mongolia belong to subclade A1, while our sample together with two Mongolian individuals formed the much smaller subclade A2. Furthermore, the divergence time of these two maternal lineages was estimated as 165 Kya (95% credibility interval 117-222 Kya), this might indicate that several different evolutionary lineages were incorporated into the domestic gene pool during the initial domestication process. Bayesian skyline plot (BSP) analysis a slow increase in female effective population size of C. bactrianus from 5000 years ago, which to the beginning of domestication of C. bactrianus. The present study also revealed that there were extensive exchanges of genetic information among C. bactrianus populations in regions along the Silk Road. KW - Camelus bactrianus KW - mitochondrial genome KW - ancient DNA KW - phylogeny KW - maternal lineages Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/24701394.2019.1659250 SN - 2470-1394 SN - 2470-1408 VL - 30 IS - 7 SP - 786 EP - 793 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leung, Tsz Yan A1 - Leutbecher, Martin A1 - Reich, Sebastian A1 - Shepherd, Theodore G. T1 - Atmospheric Predictability: Revisiting the Inherent Finite-Time Barrier JF - Journal of the atmospheric sciences N2 - The accepted idea that there exists an inherent finite-time barrier in deterministically predicting atmospheric flows originates from Edward N. Lorenz’s 1969 work based on two-dimensional (2D) turbulence. Yet, known analytic results on the 2D Navier–Stokes (N-S) equations suggest that one can skillfully predict the 2D N-S system indefinitely far ahead should the initial-condition error become sufficiently small, thereby presenting a potential conflict with Lorenz’s theory. Aided by numerical simulations, the present work reexamines Lorenz’s model and reviews both sides of the argument, paying particular attention to the roles played by the slope of the kinetic energy spectrum. It is found that when this slope is shallower than −3, the Lipschitz continuity of analytic solutions (with respect to initial conditions) breaks down as the model resolution increases, unless the viscous range of the real system is resolved—which remains practically impossible. This breakdown leads to the inherent finite-time limit. If, on the other hand, the spectral slope is steeper than −3, then the breakdown does not occur. In this way, the apparent contradiction between the analytic results and Lorenz’s theory is reconciled. KW - Atmosphere KW - Turbulence KW - Error analysis KW - Spectral analysis KW - models KW - distribution KW - Numerical weather prediction KW - forecasting Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-19-0057.1 SN - 0022-4928 SN - 1520-0469 VL - 76 IS - 12 SP - 3883 EP - 3892 PB - American Meteorological Soc. CY - Boston ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Martin, Craig E. A1 - Herppich, Werner B. A1 - Roscher, Yvonne A1 - Burkart, Michael T1 - Relationships between leaf succulence and Crassulacean acid metabolism in the genus Sansevieria (Asparagaceae) JF - Flora : morphology, distribution, functional ecology of plants N2 - Relationships between different measures of succulence and Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM; defined here as nocturnal increases in tissue acidity) were investigated in leaves of ten species of Sansevieria under greenhouse conditions. CAM was found in seven of the ten species investigated, and CAM correlated negatively with leaf thickness and leaf hydrenchyma/chlorenchyma ratio. Similarly, CAM correlated negatively with leaf water content, but only when expressed on a fresh mass basis. CAM was not correlated with "mesophyll succulence", but weakly with leaf chlorophyll concentration. These results indicate that CAM is associated more with "all-cell succulence" and not with the amount of leaf hydrenchyma in the genus Sansevieria. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of defining the nature of "leaf succulence" in studies of photosynthetic pathways and leaf morphology. Evidence is also provided that CAM and succulence arose multiple times in the genus Sansevieria. KW - Anatomy KW - CAM KW - Chlorenchyma KW - Chlorophyll KW - Hydrenchyma KW - Morphology KW - Phylogeny Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2019.151489 SN - 0367-2530 SN - 1618-0585 VL - 261 PB - Elsevier CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Guillemoteau, Julien A1 - Simon, Francois-Xavier A1 - Hulin, Guillaume A1 - Dousteyssier, Bertrand A1 - Dacko, Marion A1 - Tronicke, Jens T1 - 3-D imaging of subsurface magnetic permeability/susceptibility with portable frequency domain electromagnetic sensors for near surface exploration JF - Geophysical journal international N2 - The in-phase response collected by portable loop-loop electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors operating at low and moderate induction numbers (<= 1) is typically used for sensing the magnetic permeability (or susceptibility) of the subsurface. This is due to the fact that the in-phase response contains a small induction fraction and a preponderant induced magnetization fraction. The magnetization fraction follows the magneto-static equations similarly to the magnetic method but with an active magnetic source. The use of an active source offers the possibility to collect data with several loop-loop configurations, which illuminate the subsurface with different sensitivity patterns. Such multiconfiguration soundings thereby allows the imaging of subsurface magnetic permeability/susceptibility variations through an inversion procedure. This method is not affected by the remnant magnetization and theoretically overcomes the classical depth ambiguity generally encountered with passive geomagnetic data. To invert multiconfiguration in-phase data sets, we propose a novel methodology based on a full-grid 3-D multichannel deconvolution (MCD) procedure. This method allows us to invert large data sets (e.g. consisting of more than a hundred thousand of data points) for a dense voxel-based 3-D model of magnetic susceptibility subject to smoothness constraints. In this study, we first present and discuss synthetic examples of our imaging procedure, which aim at simulating realistic conditions. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of our method to field data collected across an archaeological site in Auvergne (France) to image the foundations of a Gallo-Roman villa built with basalt rock material. Our synthetic and field data examples demonstrate the potential of the proposed inversion procedure offering new and complementary ways to interpret data sets collected with modern EMI instruments. KW - Magnetic properties KW - Controlled source electromagnetics (CSEM) KW - Electromagnetic theory KW - Environmental magnetism KW - Inverse theory Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz382 SN - 0956-540X SN - 1365-246X VL - 219 IS - 3 SP - 1773 EP - 1785 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yan, Ming A1 - Wang, Aiping A1 - Song, Hosu A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold T1 - Parafoveal processing of phonology and semantics during the reading of Korean sentences JF - Cognition : international journal of cognitive science N2 - The present study sets out to address two fundamental questions in the reading of continuous texts: Whether semantic and phonological information from upcoming words can be accessed during natural reading. In the present study we investigated parafoveal processing during the reading of Korean sentences, manipulating semantic and phonological information from parafoveal preview words. In addition to the first evidence for a semantic preview effect in Korean, we found that Korean readers have stronger and more long-lasting phonological than semantic activation from parafoveal words in second-pass reading. The present study provides an example that human mind can flexibly adjust processing priority to different types of information based on the linguistic environment. KW - Semantic KW - Phonological KW - Preview benefit KW - Korean Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2019.104009 SN - 0010-0277 SN - 1873-7838 VL - 193 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Wen-Dong A1 - Li, Shuping A1 - Fay, Doris A1 - Frese, Michael T1 - Reciprocal Relationships Between Dispositional Optimism and Work Experiences: A Five-Wave Longitudinal Investigation JF - Journal of applied psychology N2 - Previous research on dispositional optimism has predominantly concentrated on the selection effect of dispositional optimism on predicting work outcomes. Recent research, however, has started to examine the socialization effect of life experiences on fostering dispositional optimism development. Extrapolating primarily from the TESSERA framework of personality development (Wrzus & Roberts, 2017) and the literature on dispositional optimism, the current study represents a first attempt to reconcile the 2 seemingly contrasting perspectives. We proposed and examined change-related reciprocal relationships between dispositional optimism and work experience variables including income, job insecurity, coworker support. and supervisor support. Latent change score modeling of data from a five-wave longitudinal study demonstrated that dispositional optimism resulted in decreases in job insecurity, and the decreased job insecurity in turn promoted further increases in dispositional optimism later on. Furthermore, income gave rise to increases ill dispositional optimism at a later point in time. but not vice versa. No significant relationships were observed between dispositional optimism and coworker and supervisor support. The findings provide a cautionary note to the majority of previous research based on cross-sectional and lagged designs that assumes causal effects of dispositional optimism on work outcomes. They also showcase the importance of examining personality change in organizational research and enrich our understanding of a more nuanced dynamic interplay between the optimistic employee and the work environment. KW - optimism KW - work experience KW - career KW - personality change KW - reciprocal relationship Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000417 SN - 0021-9010 SN - 1939-1854 VL - 104 IS - 12 SP - 1471 EP - 1486 PB - American Psychological Association CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ghaffari, Morteza Hosseini A1 - Bernhoeft, Katrin A1 - Etheve, Stephane A1 - Immig, Irmgard A1 - Hoelker, Michael A1 - Sauerwein, Helga A1 - Schweigert, Florian J. T1 - Technical note: Rapid field test for the quantification of vitamin E, beta-carotene, and vitamin A in whole blood and plasma of dairy cattle JF - Journal of dairy science N2 - Fast and easy tests for quantifying fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamin E and vitamin A, as well as beta-carotene, in whole blood without a need to preprocess blood samples could facilitate assessment of the vitamin status of dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to validate a field-portable fluorometer/spectrophotometer assay for the rapid quantification of these vitamins in whole blood and plasma of dairy cows and calves. We measured the concentrations of vitamin E and beta-carotene in whole blood and plasma from 28 dairy cows and 11 calves using the iCheck test (Bio-Analyt GmbH, Teltow, Germany) and compared the results with the current analytical standard (HPLC) in 2 independent laboratories, one at the University of Potsdam (Germany) and at one at DSM Nutritional Products Ltd. (Kaiseraugst, Switzerland). For vitamin A, the HPLC measurements were done only in the laboratory in Germany. The whole-blood concentrations of vitamin E as determined by iCheck (blood-hematocritcorrected) ranged from 1.82 to 4.99 mg/L in dairy cows and 0.34 to 3.40 mg/L in calves. These findings were moderately correlated (R-2 = 0.66) with the values assessed by HPLC in dairy cattle (cows + calves). When calves were excluded, the correlation was higher (R-2 = 0.961). The beta-carotene and vitamin A values obtained by the reference method HPLC were highly correlated with the iCheck methods in whole blood (R-2 = 0.99 and 0.88, respectively). In plasma, we observed strong correlations between the concentrations assessed by iCheck and those of HPLC for vitamin E (R-2 = 0.97), beta-carotene (R-2 = 0.98), and vitamin A (R-2 = 0.92) in dairy cattle (cows + calves). For vitamin E, beta-carotene, and vitamin A, we compared the relationship between the differences obtained by the iCheck assay and the HPLC measurements, as well as the magnitude of measurements, using Bland-Altman plots to test for systematic bias. For all 3 vitamins, the differences values were not outside the 95% acceptability limits; we found no systematic error between the 2 methods for all 3 analytes. KW - vitamin KW - cow-side assay KW - HPLC KW - method comparison Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-16755 SN - 0022-0302 SN - 1525-3198 VL - 102 IS - 12 SP - 11744 EP - 11750 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baran, Andrzej S. A1 - Telting, J. H. A1 - Jeffery, C. Simon A1 - Ostensen, R. H. A1 - Vos, Joris A1 - Reed, M. D. A1 - Vŭcković, Maja T1 - K2 observations of the sdBV plus dM/bd binaries PHL457 and EQPsc JF - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society N2 - We present an analysis of two pulsating subdwarf B stars PHL 457 and EQ Psc observed during the K2 mission. The K2 light curves of both stars show variation consistent with irradiation of a cooler companion by the hot subdwarf. They also show higher frequency oscillations consistent with pulsation. Using new spectroscopic data, we measured the radial velocity, effective temperature, surface gravity, and helium abundance of both hot subdwarfs as a function of orbital phase. We confirm the previously published spectroscopic orbit of PHL 457, and present the first spectroscopic orbit of EQ Psc. The orbital periods are 0.313 and 0.801 d, respectively. For EQPsc, we find a strong correlation between T-eff and orbital phase, due to contribution of light from the irradiated companion. We calculated amplitude spectra, identified significant pulsation frequencies, and searched for multiplets and asymptotic period spacings. By means of multiplets and period spacing, we identified the degrees of several pulsation modes in each star. The g-mode multiplets indicate subsynchronous core rotation with periods of 4.6 d (PHL 457) and 9.4 d (EQ Psc). We made spectral energy disctribution (SED) fits of PHL 457 and EQ Psc using available broad-band photometry and Gaia data. While the SED of PHL 457 shows no evidence of a cool companion, the SED for EQPsc clearly shows an infrared (IR) access consistent with a secondary with a temperature of about 6800K and a radius of 0.23 R-circle dot. This is the first detection of an IR access in any sdB + dM binary. KW - binaries: general KW - stars: individual (PHL 457, EQ Psc) KW - stars: oscillations (including pulsations) Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2209 SN - 0035-8711 SN - 1365-2966 VL - 489 IS - 2 SP - 1556 EP - 1571 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Westerweel, Jan A1 - Roperch, Pierrick A1 - Licht, Alexis A1 - Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume A1 - Win, Zaw A1 - Poblete, Fernando A1 - Ruffet, Gilles A1 - Swe, Hnin Hnin A1 - Thi, Myat Kai A1 - Aung, Day Wa T1 - Burma Terrane part of the Trans-Tethyan arc during collision with India according to palaeomagnetic data JF - Nature geoscience N2 - Convergence between the Indian and Asian plates has reshaped large parts of Asia, changing regional climate and biodiversity, yet geodynamic models fundamentally diverge on how convergence was accommodated since the India-Asia collision. Here we report palaeomagnetic data from the Burma Terrane, which is at the eastern edge of the collision zone and is famous for its Cretaceous amber biota, to better determine the evolution of the India-Asia collision. The Burma Terrane was part of a Trans-Tethyan island arc and stood at a near-equatorial southern latitude at similar to 95 Ma, suggesting island endemism for the Burmese amber biota. The Burma Terrane underwent significant clockwise rotation between similar to 80 and 50 Ma, causing its subduction margin to become hyper-oblique. Subsequently, it was translated northward on the Indian Plate by an exceptional distance of at least 2,000 km along a dextral strike-slip fault system in the east. Our reconstructions are only compatible with geodynamic models involving an initial collision of India with a near-equatorial Trans-Tethyan subduction system at similar to 60 Ma, followed by a later collision with the Asian margin. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0443-2 SN - 1752-0894 SN - 1752-0908 VL - 12 IS - 10 SP - 863 EP - 868 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - New York ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lazarian, Alexander A1 - Yan, Huirong T1 - Erratum: Superdiffusion of Cosmic Rays: Implications for Cosmic Ray Acceleration (The American Astronomical Society. - Vol. 784, (2014), 38) T2 - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics N2 - Diffusion of cosmic rays (CRs) is the key process for understanding their propagation and acceleration. We employ the description of spatial separation of magnetic field lines in magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in Lazarian & Vishniac to quantify the divergence of the magnetic field on scales less than the injection scale of turbulence and show that this divergence induces superdiffusion of CR in the direction perpendicular to the mean magnetic field. The perpendicular displacement squared increases, not as the distance x along the magnetic field, which is the case for a regular diffusion, but as the x 3 for freely streaming CRs. The dependence changes to x 3/2 for the CRs propagating diffusively along the magnetic field. In the latter case, we show that it is important to distinguish the perpendicular displacement with respect to the mean field and to the local magnetic field. We consider how superdiffusion changes the acceleration of CRs in shocks and show how it decreases efficiency of the CRs acceleration in perpendicular shocks. We also demonstrate that in the case when the small-scale magnetic field is generated in the pre-shock region, an efficient acceleration can take place for the CRs streaming without collisions along the magnetic loops. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab50ba SN - 0004-637X SN - 1538-4357 VL - 885 IS - 2 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - GEN A1 - Beckus, Siegfried A1 - Bellissard, Jean A1 - De Nittis, Giuseppe T1 - Corrigendum to: Spectral continuity for aperiodic quantum systems I. General theory. - [Journal of functional analysis. - 275 (2018), 11, S. 2917 – 2977] T2 - Journal of functional analysis N2 - A correct statement of Theorem 4 in [1] is provided. The change does not affect the main results. KW - Haar system Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfa.2019.06.001 SN - 0022-1236 SN - 1096-0783 VL - 277 IS - 9 SP - 3351 EP - 3353 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Adem, Fozia A. A1 - Kuete, Victor A1 - Mbaveng, Armelle T. A1 - Heydenreich, Matthias A1 - Koch, Andreas A1 - Ndakala, Albert A1 - Irungu, Beatrice A1 - Yenesew, Abiy A1 - Efferth, Thomas T1 - Cytotoxic flavonoids from two Lonchocarpus species JF - Natural Product Research N2 - A new isoflavone, 4′-prenyloxyvigvexin A (1) and a new pterocarpan, (6aR,11aR)-3,8-dimethoxybitucarpin B (2) were isolated from the leaves of Lonchocarpus bussei and the stem bark of Lonchocarpus eriocalyx, respectively. The extract of L. bussei also gave four known isoflavones, maximaisoflavone H, 7,2′-dimethoxy-3′,4′-methylenedioxyisoflavone, 6,7,3′-trimethoxy-4′,5′-methylenedioxyisoflavone, durmillone; a chalcone, 4-hydroxylonchocarpin; a geranylated phenylpropanol, colenemol; and two known pterocarpans, (6aR,11aR)-maackiain and (6aR,11aR)-edunol. (6aR,11aR)-Edunol was also isolated from the stem bark of L. eriocalyx. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was tested by resazurin assay using drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant cancer cell lines. Significant antiproliferative effects with IC50 values below 10 μM were observed for the isoflavones 6,7,3′-trimethoxy-4′,5′-methylenedioxyisoflavone and durmillone against leukemia CCRF-CEM cells; for the chalcone, 4-hydroxylonchocarpin and durmillone against its resistant counterpart CEM/ADR5000 cells; as well as for durmillone against the resistant breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB231/BCRP cells and resistant gliobastoma U87MG.ΔEGFR cells. KW - Lonchocarpus bussei KW - Lonchocarpus eriocalyx KW - Leguminosae KW - isoflavone KW - pterocarpan KW - cytotoxicity Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2018.1462179 SN - 1478-6419 SN - 1478-6427 VL - 33 IS - 18 SP - 2609 EP - 2617 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eliazar, Iddo A1 - Metzler, Ralf A1 - Reuveni, Shlomi T1 - Poisson-process limit laws yield Gumbel max-min and min-max JF - Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics N2 - “A chain is only as strong as its weakest link” says the proverb. But what about a collection of statistically identical chains: How long till all chains fail? The answer to this question is given by the max-min of a matrix whose (i,j)entry is the failure time of link j of chain i: take the minimum of each row, and then the maximum of the rows' minima. The corresponding min-max is obtained by taking the maximum of each column, and then the minimum of the columns' maxima. The min-max applies to the storage of critical data. Indeed, consider multiple backup copies of a set of critical data items, and consider the (i,j) matrix entry to be the time at which item j on copy i is lost; then, the min-max is the time at which the first critical data item is lost. In this paper we address random matrices whose entries are independent and identically distributed random variables. We establish Poisson-process limit laws for the row's minima and for the columns' maxima. Then, we further establish Gumbel limit laws for the max-min and for the min-max. The limit laws hold whenever the entries' distribution has a density, and yield highly applicable approximation tools and design tools for the max-min and min-max of large random matrices. A brief of the results presented herein is given in: Gumbel central limit theorem for max-min and min-max Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.100.022129 SN - 2470-0045 SN - 2470-0053 VL - 100 IS - 2 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eliazar, Iddo A1 - Metzler, Ralf A1 - Reuveni, Shlomi T1 - Gumbel central limit theorem for max-min and min-max JF - Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics N2 - The max-min and min-max of matrices arise prevalently in science and engineering. However, in many real-world situations the computation of the max-min and min-max is challenging as matrices are large and full information about their entries is lacking. Here we take a statistical-physics approach and establish limit laws—akin to the central limit theorem—for the max-min and min-max of large random matrices. The limit laws intertwine random-matrix theory and extreme-value theory, couple the matrix dimensions geometrically, and assert that Gumbel statistics emerge irrespective of the matrix entries' distribution. Due to their generality and universality, as well as their practicality, these results are expected to have a host of applications in the physical sciences and beyond. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.100.020104 SN - 2470-0045 SN - 2470-0053 VL - 100 IS - 2 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Radchuk, Viktoriia A1 - Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie A1 - Fickel, Jörns A1 - Wilting, Andreas T1 - Distributions of mammals in Southeast Asia: The role of the legacy of climate and species body mass JF - Journal of biogeography N2 - Aim Current species distributions are shaped by present and past biotic and abiotic factors. Here, we assessed whether abiotic factors (habitat availability) in combination with past connectivity and a biotic factor (body mass) can explain the unique distribution pattern of Southeast Asian mammals, which are separated by the enigmatic biogeographic transition zone, the Isthmus of Kra (IoK), for which no strong geophysical barrier exists. Location Southeast Asia. Taxon Mammals. Methods We projected habitat suitability for 125 mammal species using climate data for the present period and for two historic periods: mid-Holocene (6 ka) and last glacial maximum (LGM 21 ka). Next, we employed a phylogenetic linear model to assess how present species distributions were affected by the suitability of areas in these different periods, habitat connectivity during LGM and species body mass. Results Our results show that cooler climate during LGM provided suitable habitat south of IoK for species presently distributed north of IoK (in mainland Indochina). However, the potentially suitable habitat for these Indochinese species did not stretch very far southwards onto the exposed Sunda Shelf. Instead, we found that the emerged landmasses connecting Borneo and Sumatra provided suitable habitat for forest dependent Sundaic species. We show that for species whose current distribution ranges are mainly located in Indochina, the area of the distribution range that is located south of IoK is explained by the suitability of habitat in the past and present in combination with the species body mass. Main conclusions We demonstrate that a strong geophysical barrier may not be necessary for maintaining a biogeographic transition zone for mammals, but that instead a combination of abiotic and biotic factors may suffice. KW - habitat suitability KW - Isthmus of Kra KW - least-cost path KW - PanTHERIA KW - phylogenetic regression KW - species distribution model Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13675 SN - 0305-0270 SN - 1365-2699 VL - 46 IS - 10 SP - 2350 EP - 2362 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rieck, Christoph Paul Kurt A1 - Geiger, Daniel A1 - Munkert, Jennifer A1 - Messerschmidt, Katrin A1 - Petersen, Jan A1 - Strasser, Juliane A1 - Meitinger, Nadine A1 - Kreis, Wolfgang T1 - Biosynthetic approach to combine the first steps of cardenolide formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae JF - Microbiologyopen N2 - A yeast expression plasmid was constructed containing a cardenolide biosynthetic module, referred to as CARD II, using the AssemblX toolkit, which enables the assembly of large DNA constructs. The genes cloned into the vector were (a) a Δ5‐3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene from Digitalis lanata, (b) a steroid Δ5‐isomerase gene from Comamonas testosteronii, (c) a mutated steroid‐5β‐reductase gene from Arabidopsis thaliana, and (d) a steroid 21‐hydroxylase gene from Mus musculus. A second plasmid bearing an ADR/ADX fusion gene from Bos taurus was also constructed. A Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain bearing these two plasmids was generated. This strain, termed “CARD II yeast”, was capable of producing 5β‐pregnane‐3β,21‐diol‐20‐one, a central intermediate in 5β‐cardenolide biosynthesis, starting from pregnenolone which was added to the culture medium. Using this approach, five consecutive steps in cardenolide biosynthesis were realized in baker's yeast. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.925 SN - 2045-8827 VL - 8 IS - 12 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scherer, Cedric A1 - Radchuk, Viktoriia A1 - Staubach, Christoph A1 - Mueller, Sophie A1 - Blaum, Niels A1 - Thulke, Hans-Hermann A1 - Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie T1 - Seasonal host life-history processes fuel disease dynamics at different spatial scales JF - Journal of animal ecology : a journal of the British Ecological Society N2 - Understanding the drivers underlying disease dynamics is still a major challenge in disease ecology, especially in the case of long-term disease persistence. Even though there is a strong consensus that density-dependent factors play an important role for the spread of diseases, the main drivers are still discussed and, more importantly, might differ between invasion and persistence periods. Here, we analysed long-term outbreak data of classical swine fever, an important disease in both wild boar and livestock, prevalent in the wild boar population from 1993 to 2000 in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. We report outbreak characteristics and results from generalized linear mixed models to reveal what factors affected infection risk on both the landscape and the individual level. Spatiotemporal outbreak dynamics showed an initial wave-like spread with high incidence during the invasion period followed by a drop of incidence and an increase in seroprevalence during the persistence period. Velocity of spread increased with time during the first year of outbreak and decreased linearly afterwards, being on average 7.6 km per quarter. Landscape- and individual-level analyses of infection risk indicate contrasting seasonal patterns. During the persistence period, infection risk on the landscape level was highest during autumn and winter seasons, probably related to spatial behaviour such as increased long-distance movements and contacts induced by rutting and escaping movements. In contrast, individual-level infection risk peaked in spring, probably related to the concurrent birth season leading to higher densities, and was significantly higher in piglets than in reproductive animals. Our findings highlight that it is important to investigate both individual- and landscape-level patterns of infection risk to understand long-term persistence of wildlife diseases and to guide respective management actions. Furthermore, we highlight that exploring different temporal aggregation of the data helps to reveal important seasonal patterns, which might be masked otherwise. KW - classical swine fever KW - disease invasion KW - infection risk KW - pathogen persistence KW - seasonality KW - Sus scrofa KW - wild boar KW - wildlife disease Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13070 SN - 0021-8790 SN - 1365-2656 VL - 88 IS - 11 SP - 1812 EP - 1824 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eugenia Tietze, Hedwig Selma A1 - Joshi, Jasmin Radha A1 - Pugnaire, Francisco Ignacio A1 - Dechoum, Michele de Sa T1 - Seed germination and seedling establishment of an invasive tropical tree species under different climate change scenarios JF - Austral ecology N2 - Increasing air temperature and atmospheric CO2 levels may affect the distribution of invasive species. Whereas there is wide knowledge on the effect of global change on temperate species, responses of tropical invasive species to these two global change drivers are largely unknown. We conducted a greenhouse experiment on Terminalia catappa L. (Combretaceae), an invasive tree species on Brazilian coastal areas, to evaluate the effects of increased air temperature and CO2 concentration on seed germination and seedling growth on the island of Santa Catarina (Florianopolis, Brazil). Seeds of the invasive tree were subjected to two temperature levels (ambient and +1.6 degrees C) and two CO2 levels (ambient and 650 ppmv) with a factorial design. Increased temperature enhanced germination rate and shortened germination time of T. catappa seeds. It also increased plant height, number of leaves and above-ground biomass. By contrast, increased atmospheric CO2 concentration had no significant effects, and the interaction between temperature and CO2 concentration did not affect any of the measured traits. Terminalia catappa adapts to a relatively broad range of environmental conditions, being able to tolerate cooler temperatures in its invasive range. As T. catappa is native to tropical areas, global warming might favour its establishment along the coast of subtropical South America, while increased CO2 levels seem not to have significant effects on seed germination or seedling growth. KW - CO2 concentration KW - coastal dunes KW - establishment KW - invasive plant KW - plant invasion KW - temperature KW - Terminalia catappa Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/aec.12809 SN - 1442-9985 SN - 1442-9993 VL - 44 IS - 8 SP - 1351 EP - 1358 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hansen, Dominique A1 - Abreu, Ana A1 - Doherty, Patrick A1 - Völler, Heinz T1 - Dynamic strength training intensity in cardiovascular rehabilitation: is it time to reconsider clinical practice? A systematic review JF - European journal of preventive cardiology : the official ESC journal for primary & secondary cardiovascular prevention, rehabilitation and sports cardiology N2 - When added to endurance training, dynamic strength training leads to significantly greater improvements in peripheral muscle strength and power output in patients with cardiovascular disease, which may be relevant to enhance the patient’s prognosis. As a result, dynamic strength training is recommended in the rehabilitative treatment of many different cardiovascular diseases. However, what strength training intensity should be selected remains under intense debate. Evidence is nonetheless emerging that high-intensity strength training (≥70% of one-repetition maximum) is more effective to increase acutely myofibrillar protein synthesis, cause neural adaptations and, in the long term, increase muscle strength, when compared to low-intensity strength training. Moreover, multiple studies report that high-intensity strength training causes fewer increments in (intra-)arterial blood pressure and cardiac output, as opposed to low-intensity strength training, thus potentially pointing towards sufficient medical safety for the cardiovascular system. The aim of this systematic review is therefore to discuss this line of evidence, which is in contrast to current clinical practice, and to re-open the debate as to what dynamic strength training intensities should actually be applied. KW - Cardiovascular rehabilitation KW - strength training KW - guidelines Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487319847003 SN - 2047-4873 SN - 2047-4881 VL - 26 IS - 14 SP - 1483 EP - 1492 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schöpke, Benito A1 - Heinze, Johannes A1 - Pätzig, Marlene A1 - Heinken, Thilo T1 - Do dispersal traits of wetland plant species explain tolerance against isolation effects in naturally fragmented habitats? JF - Plant ecology : an international journal N2 - The effects of habitat fragmentation and isolation on plant species richness have been verified for a wide range of anthropogenically fragmented habitats, but there is currently little information about their effects in naturally small and isolated habitats. We tested whether habitat area, heterogeneity, and isolation affect the richness of wetland vascular plant species in kettle holes, i.e., small glacially created wetlands, in an agricultural landscape of 1 km(2) in NE Germany. We compared fragmentation effects with those of forest fragments in the same landscape window. Since wetland and forest species might differ in their tolerance to isolation, and because isolation effects on plant species may be trait dependent, we asked which key life history traits might foster differences in isolation tolerance between wetland and forest plants. We recorded the flora and vegetation types in 83 isolated sites that contained 81 kettle holes and 25 forest fragments. Overall, the number of wetland species increased with increasing area and heterogeneity, i.e., the number of vegetation types, while area was not a surrogate for heterogeneity in these naturally fragmented systems. Isolation did not influence the number of wetland species but decreased the number of forest species. We also found that seeds of wetland species were on average lighter, more persistent and better adapted to epizoochory, e.g., by waterfowl, than seeds of forest species. Therefore, we suggest that wetland species are more tolerant to isolation than forest species due to their higher dispersal potential in space and time, which may counterbalance the negative effects of isolation. KW - Forest species KW - Habitat fragmentation KW - Isolation KW - Kettle holes KW - Life history traits KW - Wetland species Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-019-00955-8 SN - 1385-0237 SN - 1573-5052 VL - 220 IS - 9 SP - 801 EP - 815 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER -