TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heissel, Andreas
A1  - Pietrek, Anou F.
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - Heinzel, Stephan
A1  - Williams, Geoffrey
T1  - Perceived health care climate of older people attending an exercise program
BT  - validation of the german short version of the health care climate questionnaire
JF  - Journal of aging and physical activity : JAPA ; the official journal of the International Society for Aging and Physical Activity
N2  - The role of perceived need support from exercise professionals in improving mental health was examined in a sample of older adults, thereby validating the short Health Care Climate Questionnaire. A total of 491 older people (M = 72.68 years; SD = 5.47) attending a health exercise program participated in this study. Cronbach's alpha was found to be high (alpha = .90). Satisfaction with the exercise professional correlated moderately with the short Health Care Climate Questionnaire mean value (r = .38; p < .01). The mediator analyses yielded support for the self-determination theory process model in older adults by showing both basic need satisfaction and frustration as mediating variables between perceived autonomy support and depressive symptoms. The short Health Care Climate Questionnaire is an economical instrument for assessing basic need satisfaction provided by the exercise therapist from the participant's perspective. Furthermore, this cross-sectional study supported the link from coaching style to the satisfaction/frustration of basic psychological needs, which in turn, predicted mental health. Analyses of criterion validity suggest a revision of the construct by integrating need frustration.
KW  - autonomy support
KW  - basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration
KW  - depression
KW  - need support
KW  - physical activity
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1123/japa.2018-0350
SN  - 1063-8652
SN  - 1543-267X
VL  - 28
IS  - 2
SP  - 276
EP  - 286
PB  - Human Kinetics Publ.
CY  - Champaign
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Höhle, Barbara
A1  - Bijeljac-Babic, Ranka
A1  - Nazzi, Thierry
T1  - Variability and stability in early language acquisition
BT  - comparing recognition and bilingual infants' speech perception and word recognition
JF  - Bilingualism : language and cognition
N2  - Many human infants grow up learning more than one language simultaneously but only recently has research started to study early language acquisition in this population more systematically. The paper gives an overview on findings on early language acquisition in bilingual infants during the first two years of life and compares these findings to current knowledge on early language acquisition in monolingual infants. Given the state of the research, the overview focuses on research on phonological and early lexical development in the first two years of life. We will show that the developmental trajectory of early language acquisition in these areas is very similar in mono- and bilingual infants suggesting that these early steps into language are guided by mechanisms that are rather robust against the differences in the conditions of language exposure that mono- and bilingual infants typically experience.
KW  - language acquisition
KW  - bilingual infants
KW  - bilingual phonological
KW  - development
KW  - bilingual lexical development
KW  - simultaneous bilingualism
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728919000348
SN  - 1366-7289
SN  - 1469-1841
VL  - 23
IS  - 1
SP  - 56
EP  - 71
PB  - Cambridge Univ. Press
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cervantes Villa, Juan Sebastian
A1  - Shprits, Yuri Y.
A1  - Aseev, Nikita
A1  - Drozdov, Alexander
A1  - Castillo Tibocha, Angelica Maria
A1  - Stolle, Claudia
T1  - Identifying radiation belt electron source and loss processes by assimilating spacecraft data in a three-dimensional diffusion model
JF  - Journal of geophysical research : Space physics
N2  - Data assimilation aims to blend incomplete and inaccurate data with physics-based dynamical models. In the Earth's radiation belts, it is used to reconstruct electron phase space density, and it has become an increasingly important tool in validating our current understanding of radiation belt dynamics, identifying new physical processes, and predicting the near-Earth hazardous radiation environment. In this study, we perform reanalysis of the sparse measurements from four spacecraft using the three-dimensional Versatile Electron Radiation Belt diffusion model and a split-operator Kalman filter over a 6-month period from 1 October 2012 to 1 April 2013. In comparison to previous works, our 3-D model accounts for more physical processes, namely, mixed pitch angle-energy diffusion, scattering by Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron waves, and magnetopause shadowing. We describe how data assimilation, by means of the innovation vector, can be used to account for missing physics in the model. We use this method to identify the radial distances from the Earth and the geomagnetic conditions where our model is inconsistent with the measured phase space density for different values of the invariants mu and K. As a result, the Kalman filter adjusts the predictions in order to match the observations, and we interpret this as evidence of where and when additional source or loss processes are active. The current work demonstrates that 3-D data assimilation provides a comprehensive picture of the radiation belt electrons and is a crucial step toward performing reanalysis using measurements from ongoing and future missions.
KW  - acceleration
KW  - code
KW  - density
KW  - emic waves
KW  - energetic particle
KW  - mechanisms
KW  - reanalysis
KW  - ultrarelativistic electrons
KW  - weather
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA027514
SN  - 2169-9380
SN  - 2169-9402
VL  - 125
IS  - 1
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Blasius, Bernd
A1  - Rudolf, Lars
A1  - Weithoff, Guntram
A1  - Gaedke, Ursula
A1  - Fussmann, Gregor F.
T1  - Long-term cyclic persistence in an experimental predator-prey system
JF  - Nature : the international weekly journal of science
N2  - Predator-prey cycles rank among the most fundamental concepts in ecology, are predicted by the simplest ecological models and enable, theoretically, the indefinite persistence of predator and prey(1-4). However, it remains an open question for how long cyclic dynamics can be self-sustained in real communities. Field observations have been restricted to a few cycle periods(5-8) and experimental studies indicate that oscillations may be short-lived without external stabilizing factors(9-19). Here we performed microcosm experiments with a planktonic predator-prey system and repeatedly observed oscillatory time series of unprecedented length that persisted for up to around 50 cycles or approximately 300 predator generations. The dominant type of dynamics was characterized by regular, coherent oscillations with a nearly constant predator-prey phase difference. Despite constant experimental conditions, we also observed shorter episodes of irregular, non-coherent oscillations without any significant phase relationship. However, the predator-prey system showed a strong tendency to return to the dominant dynamical regime with a defined phase relationship. A mathematical model suggests that stochasticity is probably responsible for the reversible shift from coherent to non-coherent oscillations, a notion that was supported by experiments with external forcing by pulsed nutrient supply. Our findings empirically demonstrate the potential for infinite persistence of predator and prey populations in a cyclic dynamic regime that shows resilience in the presence of stochastic events.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1857-0
SN  - 0028-0836
SN  - 1476-4687
VL  - 577
IS  - 7789
SP  - 226
EP  - 230
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hehn, Jennifer
A1  - Mendez, Daniel
A1  - Uebernickel, Falk
A1  - Brenner, Walter
A1  - Broy, Manfred
T1  - On integrating design thinking for human-centered requirements engineering
JF  - IEEE software
N2  - We elaborate on the possibilities and needs to integrate design thinking into requirements engineering, drawing from our research and project experiences. We suggest three approaches for tailoring and integrating design thinking and requirements engineering with complementary synergies and point at open challenges for research and practice.
KW  - requirements engineering
KW  - prototypes
KW  - software
KW  - electronic mail
KW  - tools
KW  - organizations
KW  - design thinking
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2019.2957715
SN  - 0740-7459
SN  - 1937-4194
VL  - 37
IS  - 2
SP  - 25
EP  - 31
PB  - Inst. of Electr. and Electronics Engineers
CY  - Los Alamitos
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Li, Changsheng
A1  - Chen, Gangjin
A1  - Qiu, Xunlin
A1  - Gao, Meng
A1  - Gerhard, Reimund
T1  - Modified polytetrafluoroethylene
BT  - towards easy-to-process space-charge electret materials
JF  - Applied physics express : APEX
N2  - Three poly(tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidenefluoride) (TFE-HFP-VDF or THV) terpolymers (Dyneon (R)) with different monomer ratios are investigated to demonstrate the concept of "modified" PTFE for space-charge electrets. HFP and VDF monomers distort the highly ordered PTFE molecules, which effectively enhances processability and adversely affects space-charge storage. Particularly, VDF component renders the material polar and probably also more conductive, partially undermining the space-charge-storage capabilities of PTFE. Nevertheless, the terpolymer THV815 with a TFE/HFP/VDF wt% ratio of 76.1/10.9/13 combines easy processability and relatively good space-charge stability. Our results shed light on novel concepts for space-charge electret materials with enhanced processing properties and reasonable charge-storage capabilities.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.7567/1882-0786/ab5b23
SN  - 1882-0778
SN  - 1882-0786
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Chen, Jun
A1  - Liu, Rui
A1  - Liu, Kai
A1  - Awasthi, Arun Kumar
A1  - Zhang, Peijin
A1  - Wang, Yuming
A1  - Kliem, Bernhard
T1  - Extreme-ultraviolet late phase of solar flares
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics
N2  - A second peak in the extreme ultraviolet sometimes appears during the gradual phase of solar flares, which is known as the EUV late phase (ELP). Stereotypically ELP is associated with two separated sets of flaring loops with distinct sizes, and it has been debated whether ELP is caused by additional heating or extended plasma cooling in the longer loop system. Here we carry out a survey of 55 M-and-above GOES-class flares with ELP during 2010-2014. Based on the flare-ribbon morphology, these flares are categorized as circular-ribbon (19 events), two-ribbon (23 events), and complex-ribbon (13 events) flares. Among them, 22 events (40%) are associated with coronal mass ejections, while the rest are confined. An extreme ELP, with the late-phase peak exceeding the main-phase peak, is found in 48% of two-ribbon flares, 37% of circular-ribbon flares, and 31% of complex-ribbon flares, suggesting that additional heating is more likely present during ELP in two-ribbon than in circular-ribbon flares. Overall, cooling may be the dominant factor causing the delay of the ELP peak relative to the main-phase peak, because the loop system responsible for the ELP emission is generally larger than, and well separated from, that responsible for the main-phase emission. All but one of the circular-ribbon flares can be well explained by a composite "dome-plate" quasi-separatrix layer (QSL). Only half of these show a magnetic null point, with its fan and spine embedded in the dome and plate, respectively. The dome-plate QSL, therefore, is a general and robust structure characterizing circular-ribbon flares.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab6def
SN  - 0004-637X
SN  - 1538-4357
VL  - 890
IS  - 2
PB  - Institute of Physics Publ.
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bär, Markus
A1  - Großmann, Robert
A1  - Heidenreich, Sebastian
A1  - Peruani, Fernando
T1  - Self-propelled rods
BT  - insights and perspectives for active matter
JF  - Annual review of condensed matter physics
N2  - A wide range of experimental systems including gliding, swarming and swimming bacteria, in vitro motility assays, and shaken granular media are commonly described as self-propelled rods. Large ensembles of those entities display a large variety of self-organized, collective phenomena, including the formation of moving polar clusters, polar and nematic dynamic bands, mobility-induced phase separation, topological defects, and mesoscale turbulence, among others. Here, we give a brief survey of experimental observations and review the theoretical description of self-propelled rods. Our focus is on the emergent pattern formation of ensembles of dry self-propelled rods governed by short-ranged, contact mediated interactions and their wet counterparts that are also subject to long-ranged hydrodynamic flows. Altogether, self-propelled rods provide an overarching theme covering many aspects of active matter containing well-explored limiting cases. Their collective behavior not only bridges the well-studied regimes of polar selfpropelled particles and active nematics, and includes active phase separation, but also reveals a rich variety of new patterns.
KW  - collective motion
KW  - statistical physics
KW  - biological physics
KW  - nonequilibrium physics
KW  - stochastic processes
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031119-050611
SN  - 1947-5454
SN  - 1947-5462
VL  - 11
SP  - 441
EP  - 466
PB  - Annual Reviews
CY  - Palo Alto
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Caliendo, Marco
A1  - Tübbicke, Stefan
T1  - New evidence on long-term effects of start-up subsidies
BT  - matching estimates and their robustness
JF  - Empirical economics
N2  - The German start-up subsidy (SUS) program for the unemployed has recently undergone a major makeover, altering its institutional setup, adding an additional layer of selection and leading to ambiguous predictions of the program's effectiveness. Using propensity score matching (PSM) as our main empirical approach, we provide estimates of long-term effects of the post-reform subsidy on individual employment prospects and labor market earnings up to 40 months after entering the program. Our results suggest large and persistent long-term effects of the subsidy on employment probabilities and net earned income. These effects are larger than what was estimated for the pre-reform program. Extensive sensitivity analyses within the standard PSM framework reveal that the results are robust to different choices regarding the implementation of the weighting procedure and also with respect to deviations from the conditional independence assumption. As a further assessment of the results' sensitivity, we go beyond the standard selection-on-observables approach and employ an instrumental variable setup using regional variation in the likelihood of receiving treatment. Here, we exploit the fact that the reform increased the discretionary power of local employment agencies in allocating active labor market policy funds, allowing us to obtain a measure of local preferences for SUS as the program of choice. The results based on this approach give rise to similar estimates. Thus, our results indicating that SUS are still an effective active labor market program after the reform do not appear to be driven by "hidden bias."
KW  - start-up subsidies
KW  - policy reform
KW  - matching
KW  - instrumental variables
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-019-01701-9
SN  - 0377-7332
SN  - 1435-8921
VL  - 59
IS  - 4
SP  - 1605
EP  - 1631
PB  - Physica-Verlag
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mink, Albert
A1  - McHardy, Christopher
A1  - Bressel, Lena
A1  - Rauh, Cornelia
A1  - Krause, Mathias J.
T1  - Radiative transfer lattice Boltzmann methods
BT  - 3D models and their performance in different regimes of radiative transfer
JF  - Journal of quantitative spectroscopy & radiative transfer
N2  - The numerical prediction of radiative transport is a challenging task due to the complexity of the radiative transport equation. We apply the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), originally developed for fluid flow problems, to solve the radiative transport in volume. One model (meso RTLBM) is derived directly from a discretization of the radiative transport equation, yielding in a precise but numerical costly scheme. The second model (macro RTLBM) solves the Helmholtz equation, which is a proper approximation for highly scattering volumes. Both numerical algorithms are validated against Monte-Carlo data for a set of 35 optical parameters, which correspond to radiative transport ranging from ballistic to diffuse regimes. Together with a set of four benchmark simulations, the comprehensive validation concludes the overall quality and detects asymptotic trends for radiative transport LBM. Furthermore, an accuracy map is presented, which summarizes the error for all parameters. This graph allows to determine the validity range for both radiative transport LBM at a glance. Finally, comprehensive guidelines are formulated to facilitate the choice of the radiative transport LBM model.
KW  - Radiative transport
KW  - Lattice Boltzmann methods
KW  - Monte-Carlo
KW  - Analysis scattering kernel
KW  - Optical parameter set
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2019.106810
SN  - 0022-4073
SN  - 1879-1352
VL  - 243
PB  - Pergamon Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Kotthoff, Lisa
A1  - Lisec, Jan
A1  - Schwerdtle, Tanja
A1  - Koch, Matthias
T1  - Prediction of transformation products of monensin by electrochemistry compared to microsomal assay and hydrolysis
T2  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - The knowledge of transformation pathways and identification of transformation products (TPs) of veterinary drugs is important for animal health, food, and environmental matters. The active agent Monensin (MON) belongs to the ionophore antibiotics and is widely used as a veterinary drug against coccidiosis in broiler farming. However, no electrochemically (EC) generated TPs of MON have been described so far. In this study, the online coupling of EC and mass spectrometry (MS) was used for the generation of oxidative TPs. EC-conditions were optimized with respect to working electrode material, solvent, modifier, and potential polarity. Subsequent LC/HRMS (liquid+ chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry) and MS/MS experiments were performed to identify the structures of derived TPs by a suspected target analysis. The obtained EC-results were compared to TPs observed in metabolism tests with microsomes and hydrolysis experiments of MON. Five previously undescribed TPs of MON were identified in our EC/MS based study and one TP, which was already known from literature and found by a microsomal assay, could be confirmed. Two and three further TPs were found as products in microsomal tests and following hydrolysis, respectively. We found decarboxylation, O-demethylation and acid-catalyzed ring-opening reactions to be the major mechanisms of MON transformation
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1340 
KW  - transformation products
KW  - monensin
KW  - veterinary drugs
KW  - electrochemistry
KW  - hydrolysis
KW  - LC/HRMS
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-473262
SN  - 1866-8372
IS  - 1340
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Rancan, Fiorenza
A1  - Volkmann, Hildburg
A1  - Giulbudagian, Michael
A1  - Schumacher, Fabian
A1  - Stanko, Jessica Isolde
A1  - Kleuser, Burkhard
A1  - Blume-Peytavi, Ulrike
A1  - Calderón, Marcelo
A1  - Vogt, Annika
T1  - Dermal Delivery of the High-Molecular-Weight Drug Tacrolimus by Means of Polyglycerol-Based Nanogels
T2  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Polyglycerol-based thermoresponsive nanogels (tNGs) have been shown to have excellent skin hydration properties and to be valuable delivery systems for sustained release of drugs into skin. In this study, we compared the skin penetration of tacrolimus formulated in tNGs with a commercial 0.1% tacrolimus ointment. The penetration of the drug was investigated in ex vivo abdominal and breast skin, while different methods for skin barrier disruption were investigated to improve skin permeability or simulate inflammatory conditions with compromised skin barrier. The amount of penetrated tacrolimus was measured in skin extracts by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), whereas the inflammatory markers IL-6 and IL-8 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Higher amounts of tacrolimus penetrated in breast as compared to abdominal skin or in barrier-disrupted as compared to intact skin, confirming that the stratum corneum is the main barrier for tacrolimus skin penetration. The anti-proliferative effect of the penetrated drug was measured in skin tissue/Jurkat cells co-cultures. Interestingly, tNGs exhibited similar anti-proliferative effects as the 0.1% tacrolimus ointment. We conclude that polyglycerol-based nanogels represent an interesting alternative to paraffin-based formulations for the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1339 
KW  - tacrolimus formulation
KW  - nanogels
KW  - skin penetration
KW  - drug delivery
KW  - human excised skin
KW  - Jurkat cells
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-473270
SN  - 1866-8372
IS  - 1339
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Ayzel, Georgy
A1  - Varentsova, Natalia
A1  - Erina, Oxana
A1  - Sokolov, Dmitriy
A1  - Kurochkina, Liubov
A1  - Moreydo, Vsevolod
T1  - OpenForecast
BT  - The First Open-Source Operational Runoff Forecasting System in Russia
T2  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - The development and deployment of new operational runoff forecasting systems are a strong focus of the scientific community due to the crucial importance of reliable and timely runoff predictions for early warnings of floods and flashfloods for local businesses and communities. OpenForecast, the first operational runoff forecasting system in Russia, open for public use, is presented in this study. We developed OpenForecast based only on open-source software and data-GR4J hydrological model, ERA-Interim meteorological reanalysis, and ICON deterministic short-range meteorological forecasts. Daily forecasts were generated for two basins in the European part of Russia. Simulation results showed a limited efficiency in reproducing the spring flood of 2019. Although the simulations managed to capture the timing of flood peaks, they failed in estimating flood volume. However, further implementation of the parsimonious data assimilation technique significantly alleviates simulation errors. The revealed limitations of the proposed operational runoff forecasting system provided a foundation to outline its further development and improvement.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1338 
KW  - OpenForecast
KW  - open
KW  - operational service
KW  - runoff
KW  - forecasting
KW  - Russia
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-473295
SN  - 1866-8372
IS  - 1338
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Brieger, Frederic
A1  - Herzschuh, Ulrike
A1  - Pestryakova, Luidmila Agafyevna
A1  - Bookhagen, Bodo
A1  - Zakharov, Evgenii S.
A1  - Kruse, Stefan
T1  - Advances in the derivation of Northeast Siberian forest metrics using high-resolution UAV-based photogrammetric point clouds
T2  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Forest structure is a crucial component in the assessment of whether a forest is likely to act as a carbon sink under changing climate. Detailed 3D structural information about the tundra–taiga ecotone of Siberia is mostly missing and still underrepresented in current research due to the remoteness and restricted accessibility. Field based, high-resolution remote sensing can provide important knowledge for the understanding of vegetation properties and dynamics. In this study, we test the applicability of consumer-grade Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for rapid calculation of stand metrics in treeline forests. We reconstructed high-resolution photogrammetric point clouds and derived canopy height models for 10 study sites from NE Chukotka and SW Yakutia. Subsequently, we detected individual tree tops using a variable-window size local maximum filter and applied a marker-controlled watershed segmentation for the delineation of tree crowns. With this, we successfully detected 67.1% of the validation individuals. Simple linear regressions of observed and detected metrics show a better correlation (R2) and lower relative root mean square percentage error (RMSE%) for tree heights (mean R2 = 0.77, mean RMSE% = 18.46%) than for crown diameters (mean R2 = 0.46, mean RMSE% = 24.9%). The comparison between detected and observed tree height distributions revealed that our tree detection method was unable to representatively identify trees <2 m. Our results show that plot sizes for vegetation surveys in the tundra–taiga ecotone should be adapted to the forest structure and have a radius of >15–20 m to capture homogeneous and representative forest stands. Additionally, we identify sources of omission and commission errors and give recommendations for their mitigation. In summary, the efficiency of the used method depends on the complexity of the forest’s stand structure.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1337 
KW  - UAV
KW  - photogrammetry
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - structure from motion
KW  - tundra–taiga ecotone
KW  - point cloud
KW  - forest structure
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-473318
SN  - 1866-8372
IS  - 1337
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Perera, Upeksha
A1  - Böckmann, Christine
T1  - Solutions of direct and inverse even-order Sturm-Liouville problems using Magnus expansion
T2  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - In this paper Lie group method in combination with Magnus expansion is utilized to develop a universal method applicable to solving a Sturm–Liouville problem (SLP) of any order with arbitrary boundary conditions. It is shown that the method has ability to solve direct regular (and some singular) SLPs of even orders (tested for up to eight), with a mix of (including non-separable and finite singular endpoints) boundary conditions, accurately and efficiently. The present technique is successfully applied to overcome the difficulties in finding suitable sets of eigenvalues so that the inverse SLP problem can be effectively solved. The inverse SLP algorithm proposed by Barcilon (1974) is utilized in combination with the Magnus method so that a direct SLP of any (even) order and an inverse SLP of order two can be solved effectively.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1336 
KW  - higher-order Sturm–Liouville problems
KW  - inverse Sturm–Liouville problems
KW  - Magnus expansion
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-473414
SN  - 1866-8372
IS  - 1336
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Perera, Upeksha
A1  - Böckmann, Christine
T1  - Solutions of Direct and Inverse Even-Order Sturm-Liouville Problems Using Magnus Expansion
JF  - Mathematics
N2  - In this paper Lie group method in combination with Magnus expansion is utilized to develop a universal method applicable to solving a Sturm–Liouville problem (SLP) of any order with arbitrary boundary conditions. It is shown that the method has ability to solve direct regular (and some singular) SLPs of even orders (tested for up to eight), with a mix of (including non-separable and finite singular endpoints) boundary conditions, accurately and efficiently. The present technique is successfully applied to overcome the difficulties in finding suitable sets of eigenvalues so that the inverse SLP problem can be effectively solved. The inverse SLP algorithm proposed by Barcilon (1974) is utilized in combination with the Magnus method so that a direct SLP of any (even) order and an inverse SLP of order two can be solved effectively.
KW  - higher-order Sturm–Liouville problems
KW  - inverse Sturm–Liouville problems
KW  - Magnus expansion
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/math7060544
SN  - 2227-7390
VL  - 7
IS  - 6
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Pornsawad, Pornsarp
A1  - Sapsakul, Nantawan
A1  - Böckmann, Christine
T1  - A modified asymptotical regularization of nonlinear ill-posed problems
T2  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - In this paper, we investigate the continuous version of modified iterative Runge–Kutta-type methods for nonlinear inverse ill-posed problems proposed in a previous work. The convergence analysis is proved under the tangential cone condition, a modified discrepancy principle, i.e., the stopping time T is a solution of ∥𝐹(𝑥𝛿(𝑇))−𝑦𝛿∥=𝜏𝛿+ for some 𝛿+>𝛿, and an appropriate source condition. We yield the optimal rate of convergence.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1335 
KW  - nonlinear operator
KW  - regularization
KW  - discrepancy principle
KW  - asymptotic method
KW  - optimal rate
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-473433
SN  - 1866-8372
IS  - 1335
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pornsawad, Pornsarp
A1  - Sapsakul, Nantawan
A1  - Böckmann, Christine
T1  - A modified asymptotical regularization of nonlinear ill-posed problems
JF  - Mathematics
N2  - In this paper, we investigate the continuous version of modified iterative Runge–Kutta-type methods for nonlinear inverse ill-posed problems proposed in a previous work. The convergence analysis is proved under the tangential cone condition, a modified discrepancy principle, i.e., the stopping time T is a solution of ∥𝐹(𝑥𝛿(𝑇))−𝑦𝛿∥=𝜏𝛿+ for some 𝛿+>𝛿, and an appropriate source condition. We yield the optimal rate of convergence.
KW  - nonlinear operator
KW  - regularization
KW  - discrepancy principle
KW  - asymptotic method
KW  - optimal rate
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/math7050419
SN  - 2227-7390
VL  - 7
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel, Schweiz
ET  - 5
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Garbusow, Maria
A1  - Nebe, Stephan
A1  - Sommer, Christian
A1  - Kuitunen-Paul, Sören
A1  - Sebold, Miriam
A1  - Schad, Daniel
A1  - Friedel, Eva
A1  - Veer, Ilya M.
A1  - Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - Ripke, Stephan
A1  - Walter, Henrik
A1  - Huys, Quentin J. M.
A1  - Schlagenhauf, Florian
A1  - Smolka, Michael N.
A1  - Heinz, Andreas
T1  - Pavlovian-To-Instrumental Transfer and Alcohol Consumption in Young Male Social Drinkers
BT  - Behavioral, Neural and Polygenic Correlates
T2  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - In animals and humans, behavior can be influenced by irrelevant stimuli, a phenomenon called Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT). In subjects with substance use disorder, PIT is even enhanced with functional activation in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and amygdala. While we observed enhanced behavioral and neural PIT effects in alcohol-dependent subjects, we here aimed to determine whether behavioral PIT is enhanced in young men with high-risk compared to low-risk drinking and subsequently related functional activation in an a-priori region of interest encompassing the NAcc and amygdala and related to polygenic risk for alcohol consumption. A representative sample of 18-year old men (n = 1937) was contacted: 445 were screened, 209 assessed: resulting in 191 valid behavioral, 139 imaging and 157 genetic datasets. None of the subjects fulfilled criteria for alcohol dependence according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV-TextRevision (DSM-IV-TR). We measured how instrumental responding for rewards was influenced by background Pavlovian conditioned stimuli predicting action-independent rewards and losses. Behavioral PIT was enhanced in high-compared to low-risk drinkers (b = 0.09, SE = 0.03, z = 2.7, p < 0.009). Across all subjects, we observed PIT-related neural blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in the right amygdala (t = 3.25, p(SVC) = 0.04, x = 26, y = -6, z = -12), but not in NAcc. The strength of the behavioral PIT effect was positively correlated with polygenic risk for alcohol consumption (r(s) = 0.17, p = 0.032). We conclude that behavioral PIT and polygenic risk for alcohol consumption might be a biomarker for a subclinical phenotype of risky alcohol consumption, even if no drug-related stimulus is present. The association between behavioral PIT effects and the amygdala might point to habitual processes related to out PIT task. In non-dependent young social drinkers, the amygdala rather than the NAcc is activated during PIT; possible different involvement in association with disease trajectory should be investigated in future studies.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 841 
KW  - Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer
KW  - amygdala
KW  - alcohol
KW  - polygenic risk
KW  - high risk drinkers
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-473280
SN  - 1866-8364
IS  - 841
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Keller, Matthias
A1  - Pinchover, Yehuda
A1  - Pogorzelski, Felix
T1  - Criticality theory for Schrödinger operators on graphs
JF  - Journal of spectral theory
N2  - We study Schrodinger operators given by positive quadratic forms on infinite graphs. From there, we develop a criticality theory for Schrodinger operators on general weighted graphs.
KW  - green function
KW  - ground state
KW  - positive solutions
KW  - discrete Schrodinger
KW  - operators
KW  - weighted graphs
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.4171/JST/286
SN  - 1664-039X
SN  - 1664-0403
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
SP  - 73
EP  - 114
PB  - European Mathematical Society
CY  - Zürich
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sobczyk, Artur
A1  - Sobel, Edward
A1  - Georgieva, Viktoria
T1  - Meso-Cenozoic cooling and exhumation history of the Orlica-snie(z) over dotnik Dome (Sudetes, NE Bohemian Massif, Central Europe)
BT  - insights from apatite fission-track thermochronometry
JF  - Terra nova
N2  - This study presents the first suite of apatite fission-track (AFT) ages from the SE part of the Western Sudetes. AFT cooling ages from the Orlica-snie(z) over dotnik Dome and the Upper Nysa Klodzka Graben range from Late Cretaceous (84 Ma) to Early Palaeocene-Middle Eocene (64-45 Ma). The first stage of basin evolution (similar to 100-90 Ma) was marked by the formation of a local extensional depocentre and disruption of the Mesozoic planation surface. Subsequent far-field convergence of European microplates resulted in Coniacian-Santonian (similar to 89-83 Ma) thrust faulting. AFT data from both metamorphic basement and Mesozoic sedimentary cover indicate homogenous Late Cretaceous burial of the entire Western Sudetes. Thermal history modeling suggests that the onset of cooling could be constrained between 89 and 63 Ma with a climax during the Palaeocene-Middle Eocene basin inversion phase.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/ter.12449
SN  - 0954-4879
SN  - 1365-3121
VL  - 32
IS  - 2
SP  - 122
EP  - 133
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lorenz, Robert C.
A1  - Matthias, Katja
A1  - Pieper, Dawid
A1  - Wegewitz, Uta
A1  - Morche, Johannes
A1  - Nocon, Marc
A1  - Rissling, Olesja
A1  - Schirm, Jacqueline
A1  - Freitag, Simone
A1  - Jacobs, Anja
T1  - AMSTAR 2 overall confidence rating
BT  - lacking discriminating capacity or requirement of high methodological quality?
JF  - Journal of clinical epidemiology : including pharmacoepidemiology reports
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.10.006
SN  - 0895-4356
SN  - 1878-5921
VL  - 119
SP  - 142
EP  - 144
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Guske, Anna-Lena
A1  - Jacob, Klaus
A1  - Hirschnitz-Garbers, Martin
A1  - Peuckert, Jan
A1  - Schridde, Stefan
A1  - Stinner, Sven
A1  - Wolf, Franziska
A1  - Zahrnt, Dominik
A1  - Ziesemer, Florence
T1  - Stories that change our world?
BT  - Narratives of the sustainable economy
T2  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Narratives are shaping our understanding of the world. They convey values and norms and point to desirable future developments. In this way, they justify and legitimize political actions and social practices. Once a narrative has emerged and this world view is supported by broad societal groups, narratives can provide powerful momentum to trigger innovation and changes in the course of action. Narratives, however, are not necessarily based on evidence and precise categories, but can instead be vague and ambiguous in order to be acceptable and attractive to different actors. However, the more open and inclusive a narrative is, the less impact can be expected. We investigate whether there is a shared narrative in research for the sustainable economy and how this can be evaluated in terms of its potential societal impact. The paper carves out the visions for the future that have been underlying the research projects conducted within the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) funding programme "The Sustainable Economy". It then analyzes whether these visions are compatible with narratives dominating societal discourse on the sustainable economy, and concludes how the use of visions and narratives in research can contribute to fostering societal transformations.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 162 
KW  - narratives
KW  - sustainable economy
KW  - societal impact of research
KW  - research communication
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-472783
SN  - 1867-5808
IS  - 612
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wang, Wei-shi
A1  - Oswald, Sascha
A1  - Gräff, Thomas
A1  - Lensing, Hermann Josef
A1  - Liu, Tie
A1  - Strasser, Daniel
A1  - Munz, Matthias
T1  - Impact of river reconstruction on groundwater flow during bank filtration assessed by transient three-dimensional modelling of flow and heat transport
JF  - Hydrogeology journal : official journal of the International Association of Hydrogeologists
N2  - Bank filtration (BF) is an established indirect water-treatment technology. The quality of water gained via BF depends on the subsurface capture zone, the mixing ratio (river water versus ambient groundwater), spatial and temporal distribution of subsurface travel times, and subsurface temperature patterns. Surface-water infiltration into the adjacent aquifer is determined by the local hydraulic gradient and riverbed permeability, which could be altered by natural clogging, scouring and artificial decolmation processes. The seasonal behaviour of a BF system in Germany, and its development during and about 6 months after decolmation (canal reconstruction), was observed with a long-term monitoring programme. To quantify the spatial and temporal variation in the BF system, a transient flow and heat transport model was implemented and two model scenarios, 'with' and 'without' canal reconstruction, were generated. Overall, the simulated water heads and temperatures matched those observed. Increased hydraulic connection between the canal and aquifer caused by the canal reconstruction led to an increase of similar to 23% in the already high share of BF water abstracted by the nearby waterworks. Subsurface travel-time distribution substantially shifted towards shorter travel times. Flow paths with travel times <200 days increased by similar to 10% and those with <300 days by 15%. Generally, the periodic temperature signal, and the summer and winter temperature extrema, increased and penetrated deeper into the aquifer. The joint hydrological and thermal effects caused by the canal reconstruction might increase the potential of biodegradable compounds to further penetrate into the aquifer, also by potentially affecting the redox zonation in the aquifer.
KW  - bank filtration
KW  - groundwater
KW  - surface-water relations
KW  - groundwater modelling
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-019-02063-3
SN  - 1431-2174
SN  - 1435-0157
VL  - 28
IS  - 2
SP  - 723
EP  - 743
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin ; Heidelberg [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - van Bernum, Anja
ED  - Rohlfing-Dijoux, Stephanie
ED  - Hellmann, Uwe
T1  - When does life end?
T1  - Wann endet das Leben?
BT  - the moment of death in criminal law
BT  - der Todeszeitpunkt im Strafrecht
T2  - Perspectives of law and culture on the end-of-life legislations in France, Germany, India, Italy and United Kingdom
N2  - If you look at the question of the end-of-life legislation, one – or rather THE basic question – is particularly interesting: What is the "end of life"? What is death? Ofcourse, one can approach this question theologically or philosophically, but alsolegally and especially medically. Since the 1960 s, medical progress has made itpossible to distinguish between different individual points of time within the na-tural dying process. However, this raises the question as to which of these pointsof time is relevant for criminal law. This  question, which is usually  onsideredvery emotionally, will be examined in more detail in the paper.
N2  - Wenn man sich mit der Frage der End-of-Life-Legislation auseinandersetzt, ist eine – oder besser gesagt DIE – grundlegende Frage besonders interessant: Was ist eigentlich das „End of Life“? Was ist der Tod? Dieser Frage kann man sich selbst-verständlich theologisch oder philosophisch nähern, aber eben auch rechtlich und vor allem  medizinisch. In den 60er Jahren unterlag die Bestimmung des Todeszeitpunktes im Strafrecht einer grundsätzlichen Änderung: Nicht mehr der Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand, sondern der irreversible Hirntod ist nun entscheidend. So einfach sich dies niederschreiben lässt, so kompliziert und problembelastet ist der Umgang in der Praxis. Die nachfolgenden Ausführungen sollen daher den Todeszeitpunkt, insbesondere aus strafrechtlicher Sicht, genauer beleuchten.
Y1  - 2019
SN  - 978-3-8487-5492-2
SN  - 978-3-8452-9677-7
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845296777-251
SP  - 251
EP  - 260
PB  - Nomos
CY  - Baden-Baden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
ED  - Fitzi, Gregor
ED  - Mackert, Jürgen
ED  - Turner, Bryan S.
T1  - Migration, gender and religion
JF  - Populism and the crisis of democracy
Y1  - 2019
SN  - 978-11-3809-135-1
VL  - 3
PB  - Routledge
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Ette, Ottmar
T1  - Pride and conviviality - pride in conviviality
BT  - the rise and recognition of a prospective force
T2  - Taking Stock – Twenty-Five Years of Comparative Literary Research (Internationale Forschungen zur allgemeinen und vergleichenden Literaturwissenschaft)
N2  - Pride is linked to conviviality, to the practice of life-with-an-other, and to an awareness of the limitations of the life forms and life norms which guide and regulate the life of culturally, socially, and historically defined communities. Assuming this link, pride in living-together and conviviality appear as concepts creating a framework for future perspectives. But these concepts need a space in which they can unfold critically and confidently with a view to the future. For millennia, the literatures of the world have created this space of simulation and experimentation in which knowledge of how-to-live-with-an-other has been put down on paper through the open-ended tradition of writing. It is the space of the life forms and life norms of conviviality: it offers us prospective knowledge for the future by translating the imaginable into the thinkable, and the readable into the livable.
KW  - pride
KW  - conviviality
KW  - inclusion
KW  - patriotism
KW  - literatures of the world
Y1  - 2019
SN  - 978-90-04-41035-0
SN  - 978-90-04-40828-9
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004410350_006
SN  - 0929-6999
VL  - 200
SP  - 121
EP  - 155
PB  - Brill Rodopi
CY  - Leiden [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kühne, Franziska
A1  - Meister, Ramona
A1  - Maass, Ulrike
A1  - Paunov, Tatjana
A1  - Weck, Florian
T1  - How reliable are therapeutic competence ratings?
BT  - results of a systematic review and meta-analysis
JF  - Cognitive therapy and research
N2  - Assessments of psychotherapeutic competencies play a crucial role in research and training. However, research on the reliability and validity of such assessments is sparse. This study aimed to provide an overview of the current evidence and to provide an average interrater reliability (IRR) of psychotherapeutic competence ratings. A systematic review was conducted, and 20 studies reported in 32 publications were collected. These 20 studies were included in a narrative synthesis, and 20 coefficients were entered into the meta-analysis. Most primary studies referred to cognitive-behavioral therapies and the treatment of depression, used the Cognitive Therapy Scale, based ratings on videos, and trained the raters. Our meta-analysis revealed a pooled ICC of 0.82, but at the same time severe heterogeneity. The evidence map highlighted a variety of variables related to competence assessments. Further aspects influencing the reliability of competence ratings and regarding the considerable heterogeneity are discussed in detail throughout the manuscript.
KW  - competency
KW  - therapist competence
KW  - adherence
KW  - psychotherapy
KW  - assessment
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-019-10056-5
SN  - 0147-5916
SN  - 1573-2819
VL  - 44
IS  - 2
SP  - 241
EP  - 257
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Jacobi, Juliane
T1  - Education
BT  - learning, literacy and domestic virtues
T2  - The routledge history of women in early modern Europe
N2  - Vives emphasizes needlework as an appropriate occupation for all women, even for ‘a princess or a queen’. A wide variety of schools run by individual tradesmen or women offered instruction in certain fields, such as writing and calculus, while schools erected or licensed by the authorities concentrated on religious education. A large group of orphanages founded during the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries provided a sound education for boys and girls. Authorities, parents and educational thinkers of the time were much less concerned with girls’ education than with that of boys. Private tutoring at home concentrated on the same subjects but, when boys were instructed at home, some girls had a chance to participate in a more academically oriented education. In most educational settings, be it at day schools, boarding schools or in private homes, teachers, mothers and governesses were expected to raise good housewives, pious mothers and obedient spouses.
Y1  - 2019
SN  - 978-0-429-35578-3
SN  - 978-0-415-73251-2
U6  - https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429355783
SP  - 115
EP  - 134
PB  - Routledge
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
ED  - Fitzi, Gregor
ED  - Mackert, Jürgen
ED  - Turner, Bryan S.
T1  - Concepts and theory
JF  - Populism and the crisis of democracy
N2  - There is no threat to Western democracies today comparable to the rise of right-wing populism. While it has played an increasing role at least since the 1990s, only the social consequences of the global financial crises in 2008 have given it its break that led to UK’s ‘Brexit’ and the election of Donald Trump as US President in 2016, as well as promoting what has been called left populism in countries that were hit the hardest by both the banking crisis and consequential neo-liberal austerity politics in the EU, such as Greece and Portugal.

In 2017, the French Front National (FN) attracted many voters in the French Presidential elections; we have seen the radicalization of the Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) in Germany and the formation of centre-right government in Austria. Further, we have witnessed the consolidation of autocratic regimes, as in the EU member states Poland and Greece. All these manifestations of right-wing populism share a common feature: they attack or even compromise the core elements of democratic societies such as the separation of powers, protection of minorities, or the rule of law.

Despite a broad debate on the re-emergence of ‘populism’ in the transition from the twentieth to the twenty-first century that has brought forth many interesting findings, a lack of sociological reasoning cannot be denied, as sociology itself withdrew from theorising populism decades ago and largely left the field to political sciences and history. In a sense, Populism and the Crisis of Democracy considers itself  a contribution to begin filling this lacuna. Written in a direct and clear style, this set of volumes will be an invaluable reference for students and scholars in the field of political theory, political sociology and European Studies.

This volume Concepts and Theory offers new and fresh perspectives on the debate on populism. Starting from complaints about the problems of conceptualising populism that in recent years have begun to revolve around themselves, the chapters offer a fundamental critique of the term and concept of populism, theoretically inspired typologies and descriptions of currently dominant concepts, and ways to elaborate on them. With regard to theory, the volume offers approaches that exceed the disciplinary horizon of political science that so far has dominated the debate. As sociological theory so far has been more or less absent in the debate on populism, only few efforts have been made to discuss populism more intensely within different theoretical contexts in order to explain its dynamics and processes. Thus, this volume offers critical views on the debate on populism from the perspectives of political economy and the analysis of critical historical events, the links of analyses of populism with social movement mobilisation, the significance of ‘superfluous populations’ in the rise of populism and an analysis of the exclusionary character of populism from the perspective of the theory of social closure.
Y1  - 2019
SN  - 978-1-138-09136-8
SN  - 978-1-315-10807-0
U6  - https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315108070
VL  - 1
PB  - Routledge
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Krawietz, Marian
A1  - Goebel, Jan
A1  - Albrecht, Sophia
A1  - Class, Fabian
A1  - Kohler, Ulrich
T1  - Leben in der ehemaligen DDR
BT  - Zusatzfragebogen im Rahmen der Befragung "Leben in Deutschland 2018" / Living in the GDR
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5684/soep.ddr18
PB  - German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin)
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hipp, Lena
A1  - Kohler, Ulrich
A1  - Leumann, Sandra
T1  - How to implement respondent-driven sampling in practice
BT  - insights from surveying 24-hour migrant home care workers
JF  - Survey methods : insights from the field
N2  - This article draws on the experience from an ongoing research project employing respondent-driven sampling (RDS) to survey (illicit) 24-hour home care workers. We highlight issues around the preparatory work and the fielding of the survey to provide researchers with useful insights on how to implement RDS when surveying populations for which the method has not yet been used. We conclude the article with ethical considerations that occur when employing RDS.
KW  - hidden populations
KW  - illicit behaviours
KW  - practical implementation
KW  - respondent-driven sampling
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.13094/SMIF-2019-00009
SN  - 2296-4754
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
PB  - Swiss Found. for Research in Social Sciences
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kohler, Ulrich
T1  - Possible uses of nonprobability sampling for the social sciences
JF  - Survey methods : insights from the field
N2  - This paper compares the usability of data stemming from probability sampling with data stemming from nonprobability sampling. It develops six research scenarios that differ in their research goals and assumptions about the data generating process. It is shown that inferences from data stemming from nonprobability sampling implies demanding assumptions on the homogeneity of the units being studied. Researchers who are not willing to pose these assumptions are generally better off using data from probability sampling, regardless of the amount of nonresponse. However, even in cases when data from probability sampling is clearly advertised, data stemming from nonprobability sampling may contribute to the cumulative scientific endeavour of pinpointing a plausible interval for the parameter of interest.
KW  - Causal Inference
KW  - Descriptive Inference
KW  - Fit-for-purpose
KW  - Interactions
KW  - Nonprobability sample
KW  - PATE
KW  - Probability sample
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.13094/SMIF-2019-00014
SN  - 2296-4754
PB  - Swiss Found. for Research in Social Sciences
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sander, Andreas Alexander Christoph
A1  - Vink, Jorick S.
A1  - Hamann, Wolf-Rainer
T1  - Driving classical Wolf-Rayet winds
BT  - a Gamma- and Z-dependent mass-loss
JF  - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
N2  - Classical Wolf-Rayet (cWR) stars are at a crucial evolutionary stage for constraining the fates of massive stars. The feedback of these hot, hydrogen-depleted stars dominates their surrounding by tremendous injections of ionizing radiation and kinetic energy. The strength of a Wolf-Rayet (WR) wind decides the eventual mass of its remnant, likely a massive black hole. However, despite their major influence and importance for gravitational wave detection statistics, WR winds are particularly poorly understood. In this paper, we introduce the first set of hydrodynamically consistent stellar atmosphere models for cWR stars of both the carbon (C) and the nitrogen (N) sequence, i.e. WC and WN stars, as a function of stellar luminosity-to-mass ratio (or Eddington Gamma) and metallicity. We demonstrate the inapplicability of the CAK wind theory for cWR stars and confirm earlier findings that their winds are launched at the (hot) iron (Fe) opacity peak. For log Z/Z(circle dot) > -2, Fe is also the main accelerator throughout the wind. Contrasting previous claims of a sharp lower mass-loss limit forWR stars, we obtain a smooth transition to optically thin winds. Furthermore, we find a strong dependence of the mass-loss rates on Eddington Gamma, both at solar and subsolar metallicity. Increases inWCcarbon and oxygen abundances turn out to slightly reduce the predicted mass-loss rates. Calculations at subsolar metallicities indicate that below the metallicity of the Small Magellanic Cloud, WR mass-loss rates decrease much faster than previously assumed, potentially allowing for high black hole masses even in the local Universe.
KW  - stars: atmospheres
KW  - stars: early-type
KW  - stars: fundamental parameters
KW  - stars: mass-loss
KW  - stars: winds, outflows
KW  - stars: Wolf-Rayet
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3064
SN  - 0035-8711
SN  - 1365-2966
VL  - 491
IS  - 3
SP  - 4406
EP  - 4425
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Brendel, Nina
ED  - Chang, Chew-Hung
ED  - Kidman, Gillian
ED  - Wi, Andy
T1  - (How) do students reflect on sustainability?
BT  - a model to diagnose and foster reflective thinking about sustainability
T2  - Issues in Teaching and Learning of Education for Sustainability
N2  - The ability to reflect is considered an essential element of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) and a key competence for learners and educators in ESD (UNECE Strategy for ESD, 2012). In contrast to its high importance, little is known about how reflective thinking can be identified, influenced or increased in the classroom. Therefore, the objective of this study is to address this need by developing an empirical multi-stage model designed to help educators diagnose different levels of reflective thinking and to identify factors that influence students’ reflective thinking about sustainability. Based on a 4–8-week project with grade 10 and 11 students studying sustainability, reflective thinking performance using weblogs as reflective journals was analysed. In addition, qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with the teachers to comprehend the learning environment and the personal value they assigned to ESD in their geography class. To determine the levels of reflective thinking achieved by the students, the study built on the work of Dewey (1933) and pre-existing multi-stage models of reflective thinking (Bain, Ballantyne, & Packer, 1999; Chen, Wei, Wu, & Uden, 2009). Using a qualitative, iterative data analysis, the study adapted the stage models to be applicable in ESD and found great differences in the students’ reflection levels. Furthermore, the study identified eight factors that influence students’ reflective thinking about sustainability. The outcomes of this study may be valuable for educators in high school and higher education, who seek to diagnose their students’ reflective thinking performance and facilitate reflection about sustainability.
Y1  - 2019
SN  - 978-0-429-45043-3
U6  - https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429450433
SP  - 117
EP  - 126
PB  - Routledge
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gehring, Thomas
A1  - Dorsch, Christian
A1  - Dörfler, Thomas
T1  - Precedent and doctrine in organisational decision-making
BT  - the power of informal institutional rules in the United Nations Security Council’s activities on terrorism
JF  - Journal of international relations and development
N2  - We examine how and under what conditions informal institutional constraints, such as precedent and doctrine, are likely to affect collective choice within international organisations even in the absence of powerful bureaucratic agents. With a particular focus on the United Nations Security Council, we first develop a theoretical account of why such informal constraints might affect collective decisions even of powerful and strategically behaving actors. We show that precedents provide focal points that allow adopting collective decisions in coordination situations despite diverging preferences. Reliance on previous cases creates tacitly evolving doctrine that may develop incrementally. Council decision-making is also likely to be facilitated by an institutional logic of escalation driven by institutional constraints following from the typically staged response to crisis situations. We explore the usefulness of our theoretical argument with evidence from the Council doctrine on terrorism that has evolved since 1985. The key decisions studied include the 1992 sanctions resolution against Libya and the 2001 Council response to the 9/11 attacks. We conclude that, even within intergovernmentally structured international organisations, member states do not operate on a clean slate, but in a highly institutionalised environment that shapes their opportunities for action.
KW  - decision-making
KW  - doctrine
KW  - international organisations
KW  - precedent
KW  - Security Council
KW  - terrorism
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1057/s41268-017-0101-5
SN  - 1581-1980
SN  - 1408-6980
VL  - 22
IS  - 1
SP  - 107
EP  - 135
PB  - Palgrave Macmillan
CY  - Basingstoke
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kalinowski, Eva
A1  - Egert, Franziska
A1  - Gronostaj, Anna
A1  - Vock, Miriam
T1  - Professional development on fostering students’ academic language proficiency across the curriculum
BT  - a meta-analysis of its impact on teachers’ cognition and teaching practices
JF  - Teaching and teacher education
N2  - This meta-analysis aggregates effects from 10 studies evaluating professional development interventions aimed at qualifying in-service teachers to support their students in mastering academic language skills while teaching their respective subject areas. The analysis of a subset of studies revealed a small non-significant weighted training effect on teachers' cognition (g' = 0.21, SE = 0.14). An effect aggregation including all studies (with 650 teachers) revealed a medium to large weighted overall effect on teachers' classroom practices (g' = 0.71, SE = 0.16). Methodological variables moderated the effect magnitude. Nevertheless, the results suggest professional development is beneficial for improving teachers' practice.
KW  - professional development
KW  - language
KW  - cross-curriculum
KW  - content areas
KW  - in-service teacher training
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.102971
SN  - 0742-051X
VL  - 88
PB  - Elsevier Science
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Steiger, Dominik
ED  - Witzleb, Normann
ED  - Paterson, Moira
ED  - Richardson, Janice
T1  - International law and new challenges to democracy in the digital age
BT  - big data, privacy and interferences with the political process
T2  - Big data, political campaigning and the law : democracy and privacy in the age of micro-targeting
N2  - This chapter aims to analyse whether and how democracy is actually threatened by big-data-based operations and what role international law can play to respond to this possible threat. It shows how big-data-based operations challenge democracy and how international law can help in defending it. The chapter focuses on both state and non-state actors may undermine democracy through big data operations; although democracy as such is a rather underdeveloped concept in international law, which is often more concerned with effectivity than legitimacy – international law protects against these challenges via a democracy-based approach rooted in international human rights law on the one hand, and the principle of non-intervention on the other hand. Thus, although democracy does not play a major role in international law, international law nevertheless is able to protect democracy against challenges from the inside as well as outside.
KW  - Computer Science
KW  - Humanities
KW  - Law
KW  - Politics & International Relations
KW  - Social Sciences
Y1  - 2019
SN  - 9780429288654
SN  - 9780367230548
SN  - 9781032082554
U6  - https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429288654
SP  - 71
EP  - 98
PB  - Routledge
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Draisbach, Uwe
A1  - Christen, Peter
A1  - Naumann, Felix
T1  - Transforming pairwise duplicates to entity clusters for high-quality duplicate detection
JF  - ACM Journal of Data and Information Quality
N2  - Duplicate detection algorithms produce clusters of database records, each cluster representing a single real-world entity. As most of these algorithms use pairwise comparisons, the resulting (transitive) clusters can be inconsistent: Not all records within a cluster are sufficiently similar to be classified as duplicate. Thus, one of many subsequent clustering algorithms can further improve the result. <br /> We explain in detail, compare, and evaluate many of these algorithms and introduce three new clustering algorithms in the specific context of duplicate detection. Two of our three new algorithms use the structure of the input graph to create consistent clusters. Our third algorithm, and many other clustering algorithms, focus on the edge weights, instead. For evaluation, in contrast to related work, we experiment on true real-world datasets, and in addition examine in great detail various pair-selection strategies used in practice. While no overall winner emerges, we are able to identify best approaches for different situations. In scenarios with larger clusters, our proposed algorithm, Extended Maximum Clique Clustering (EMCC), and Markov Clustering show the best results. EMCC especially outperforms Markov Clustering regarding the precision of the results and additionally has the advantage that it can also be used in scenarios where edge weights are not available.
KW  - Record linkage
KW  - data matching
KW  - entity resolution
KW  - deduplication
KW  - clustering
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1145/3352591
SN  - 1936-1955
SN  - 1936-1963
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 30
PB  - Association for Computing Machinery
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schüffler, Arnulf
A1  - Thim, Christof
A1  - Haase, Jennifer
A1  - Gronau, Norbert
A1  - Kluge, Annette
T1  - Information processing in work environment 4.0 and the beneficial impact of intentional forgetting on change management
T1  - Informationsverarbeitung in der Industrie 4.0 und die vorteilhafte Wirkung von intentionalem Vergessen für das Change Management
JF  - Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie : german journal of work and organizational psychology
N2  - Industry 4.0, based on increasingly progressive digitalization, is a global phenomenon that affects every part of our work. The Internet of Things (IoT) is pushing the process of automation, culminating in the total autonomy of cyber-physical systems. This process is accompanied by a massive amount of data, information, and new dimensions of flexibility. As the amount of available data increases, their specific timeliness decreases. Mastering Industry 4.0 requires humans to master the new dimensions of information and to adapt to relevant ongoing changes. Intentional forgetting can make a difference in this context, as it discards nonprevailing information and actions in favor of prevailing ones. Intentional forgetting is the basis of any adaptation to change, as it ensures that nonprevailing memory items are not retrieved while prevailing ones are retained. This study presents a novel experimental approach that was introduced in a learning factory (the Research and Application Center Industry 4.0) to investigate intentional forgetting as it applies to production routines. In the first experiment (N = 18), in which the participants collectively performed 3046 routine related actions (t1 = 1402, t2 = 1644), the results showed that highly proceduralized actions were more difficult to forget than actions that were less well-learned. Additionally, we found that the quality of cues that trigger the execution of routine actions had no effect on the extent of intentional forgetting.
N2  - Industrie 4.0 ist basierend auf fortschreitender Digitalisierung eine globale Entwicklung, die in allen Bereichen uns heute bekannter Arbeits- und Lebenswelten Einzug halten wird. Das Internet der Dinge beschleunigt Automatisierung bis hin zu autonomen cyber-physischen Systemen. Dieser Prozess wird begleitet von einer weiteren Zunahme von Daten. Gleichzeitig reduziert sich die Aktualität der Daten und damit die Dauer ihrer Relevanz. Die Herausforderungen im Umfeld von Industrie 4.0 zu meistern bedeutet für Menschen in Organisationen diese wachsenden Datenmengen und Anpassung an fortwährende Veränderung zu bewältigen. Intentionales Vergessen kann hier unterstützen. Intentionales Vergessen fokussiert das Vergessen irrelevanter Informationen und Verhaltensweisen zu Gunsten relevanter. In diesem Artikel stellen wir einen experimentellen Ansatz zur Erforschung von Prozessen des intentionalen Vergessens in Organisationen in einer Laborumgebung (Anwendungszentrum Industrie 4.0) vor. Im Fokus der Untersuchung steht dabei das Vergessen einer ungültig gewordenen Produktions-Routine und das Ausführen der neuen, jetzt gültigen. Wir beschreiben dabei zunächst das innovative experimentelle Design zur Untersuchung von Vergessensprozessen. In einer ersten Untersuchung mit N = 18 Personen, die insgesamt 3046 Handlungen zu t1 (1402) und t2 (1644) ausführen, zeigte sich, dass hoch gelernte (prozeduralisierte) Handlungen schwerer zu vergessen sind als ohnehin nicht prozeduralisierte. Es zeigt sich aber kein Unterschied hinsichtlich der Art der Handlungen und der Hinweisreize, durch die sie aufgerufen werden.
KW  - intentional forgetting
KW  - retrieval cues
KW  - production routine
KW  - intentionales Vergessen
KW  - Produktions-Routine
KW  - Hinweisreize
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1026/0932-4089/a000307
SN  - 0932-4089
SN  - 2190-6270
VL  - 64
IS  - 1
SP  - 17
EP  - 29
PB  - Hogrefe
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bilò, Davide
A1  - Lenzner, Pascal
T1  - On the tree conjecture for the network creation game
JF  - Theory of computing systems
N2  - Selfish Network Creation focuses on modeling real world networks from a game-theoretic point of view. One of the classic models by Fabrikant et al. (2003) is the network creation game, where agents correspond to nodes in a network which buy incident edges for the price of alpha per edge to minimize their total distance to all other nodes. The model is well-studied but still has intriguing open problems. The most famous conjectures state that the price of anarchy is constant for all alpha and that for alpha >= n all equilibrium networks are trees. We introduce a novel technique for analyzing stable networks for high edge-price alpha and employ it to improve on the best known bound for the latter conjecture. In particular we show that for alpha > 4n - 13 all equilibrium networks must be trees, which implies a constant price of anarchy for this range of alpha. Moreover, we also improve the constant upper bound on the price of anarchy for equilibrium trees.
KW  - network creation games
KW  - price of anarchy
KW  - tree conjecture
KW  - algorithmic
KW  - game theory
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00224-019-09945-9
SN  - 1432-4350
SN  - 1433-0490
VL  - 64
IS  - 3
SP  - 422
EP  - 443
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gehring, Thomas
A1  - Dörfler, Thomas
T1  - Constitutive mechanisms of UN Security Council practices
BT  - precedent pressure, ratchet effect, and council action regarding intrastate conflicts
JF  - Review of International Studies
N2  - Based upon the current debate on international practices with its focus on taken-for-granted everyday practices, we examine how Security Council practices may affect member state action and collective decisions on intrastate conflicts. We outline a concept that integrates the structuring effect of practices and their emergence from interaction among reflective actors. It promises to overcome the unresolved tension between understanding practices as a social regularity and as a fluid entity. We analyse the constitutive mechanisms of two Council practices that affect collective decisions on intrastate conflicts and elucidate how even reflective Council members become enmeshed with the constraining implications of evolving practices and their normative implications. (1) Previous Council decisions create precedent pressure and give rise to a virtually uncontested permissive Council practice that defines the purview for intervention into such conflicts. (2) A ratcheting practice forces opponents to choose between accepting steadily reinforced Council action, as occurred regarding Sudan/Darfur, and outright blockade, as in the case of Syria. We conclude that practices constitute a source of influence that is not captured by the traditional perspectives on Council activities as the consequence of geopolitical interests or of externally evolving international norms like the ‘responsibility to protect’ (R2P).
KW  - Security Council
KW  - International Practices
KW  - Constitutive Mechanism
KW  - Responsibility to Protect
KW  - Precedent
KW  - Ratchet Effect
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210518000268
SN  - 0260-2105
SN  - 1469-9044
VL  - 45
IS  - 1
SP  - 120
EP  - 140
PB  - Univ.
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Dörfler, Thomas
T1  - Security council sanctions governance
BT  - the power and limits of rules
T3  - Routledge research on the United Nations ; 6
N2  - Little is known about how far-reaching decisions in UN Security Council sanctions committees are made. Developing a novel committee governance concept and using examples drawn from sanctions imposed on Iraq, Al-Qaida, Congo, Sudan and Iran, this book shows that Council members tend to follow the will of the powerful, whereas sanctions committee members often decide according to the rules. This is surprising since both Council and committees are staffed by the same member states.

Offering a fascinating account of Security Council micro-politics and decision-making processes on sanctions, this rigorous comparative and theory-driven analysis treats the Council and its sanctions committees as distinguishable entities that may differ in decision practice despite having the same members. Drawing extensively on primary documents, diplomatic cables, well-informed press coverage, reports by close observers and extensive interviews with committee members, Council diplomats and sanctions experts, it contrasts with the conventional wisdom on decision-making within these bodies, which suggests that the powerful permanent members would not accept rule-based decisions against their interests.

This book will be of interest to policy practitioners and scholars working in the broad field of international organizations and international relations theory as well as those specializing in sanctions, international law, the Security Council and counter-terrorism.
Y1  - 2019
SN  - 978-0-42944-232-2
SN  - 978-1-138-33749-7
SN  - 978-0-4298-0874-6
SN  - 978-0-4298-0873-9
U6  - https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429442322
PB  - Routledge
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Leib, Julia
T1  - The security and justice approach in liberia’s peace process
BT  - mechanistic evidence and local perception
JF  - Peace economics, peace science, and public policy
N2  - From the international perspective, the peace process in Liberia has generally been described as a successful model for international peacebuilding interventions. But how do Liberians perceive the peace process in their country? The aim of this paper is to complement an institutionalist approach looking at the security and justice mechanism in Liberia with some insights into local perceptions in order to answer the following question: how do Liberians perceive the peace process in their country and which institutions have been supportive for the establishment of sustaining peace? After briefly introducing the background of the Liberian conflict and the data collection, I present first results, analyzing the mechanism linking two peacebuilding institutions (peacekeeping and transitional justice) with the establishment of sustaining peace in Liberia.
KW  - Liberia
KW  - peace process
KW  - peacekeeping
KW  - process tracing
KW  - survey
KW  - transitional justice
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/peps-2019-0033
SN  - 1554-8597
VL  - 25
IS  - 4
PB  - de Gruyter
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Felser, Claudia
T1  - Do processing resource limitations shape heritage language grammars?
JF  - Bilingualism : language and cognition
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728919000397
SN  - 1366-7289
SN  - 1469-1841
VL  - 23
IS  - 1
SP  - 23
EP  - 24
PB  - Cambridge University Press
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Veh, Georg
A1  - Korup, Oliver
A1  - Walz, Ariane
T1  - Hazard from Himalayan glacier lake outburst floods
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America : PNAS
N2  - Sustained glacier melt in the Himalayas has gradually spawned more than 5,000 glacier lakes that are dammed by potentially unstable moraines. When such dams break, glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs) can cause catastrophic societal and geomorphic impacts. We present a robust probabilistic estimate of average GLOFs return periods in the Himalayan region, drawing on 5.4 billion simulations. We find that the 100-y outburst flood has an average volume of 33.5(+3.7)/(-3.7) x 10(6) m(3) (posterior mean and 95% highest density interval [HDI]) with a peak discharge of 15,600(+2.000)/(-1,800) m(3).S-1. Our estimated GLOF hazard is tied to the rate of historic lake outbursts and the number of present lakes, which both are highest in the Eastern Himalayas. There, the estimated 100-y GLOF discharge (similar to 14,500 m(3).s(-1)) is more than 3 times that of the adjacent Nyainqentanglha Mountains, and at least an order of magnitude higher than in the Hindu Kush, Karakoram, and Western Himalayas. The GLOF hazard may increase in these regions that currently have large glaciers, but few lakes, if future projected ice loss generates more unstable moraine-dammed lakes than we recognize today. Flood peaks from GLOFs mostly attenuate within Himalayan headwaters, but can rival monsoon-fed discharges in major rivers hundreds to thousands of kilometers downstream. Projections of future hazard from meteorological floods need to account for the extreme runoffs during lake outbursts, given the increasing trends in population, infrastructure, and hydropower projects in Himalayan headwaters.
KW  - atmospheric warming
KW  - meltwater lakes
KW  - GLOF
KW  - extreme-value statistics
KW  - Bayesian modeling
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1914898117
SN  - 0027-8424
VL  - 117
IS  - 2
SP  - 907
EP  - 912
PB  - National Academy of Sciences
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Westphal, Andrea
A1  - Vock, Miriam
A1  - Lazarides, Rebecca
T1  - Are more conscientious seventh- and ninth-graders less likely to be retained?
BT  - effects of big five personality traits on grade retention in two different age cohorts
JF  - Journal of applied developmental psychology : an internat. multidisciplinary
N2  - Previous research has identified students' personality traits, especially conscientiousness, as highly relevant predictors of academic success. Less is known about the role of Big Five personality traits in students when it comes to teachers' decisions about students' educational trajectories and whether personality traits differentially affect these decisions by teachers in different grade levels. This study examines to what extent students' Big Five personality traits affect teacher decisions on grade retention, looking at two cohorts of 12,146 ninth-grade and 6002 seventh-grade students from the German National Educational Panel Study. In both grade levels, multilevel logistic mediation models show that students' conscientiousness indirectly predicts grade retention through the assignment of grades by teachers. In the ninth-grade sample, students' conscientiousness was additionally a direct predictor of retention, distinct from teacher-assigned grades. We discuss potential underlying mechanisms and explore whether teachers base their decisions on different indicators when retaining seventh-grade students or ninth-grade students.
KW  - grade retention
KW  - personality
KW  - gender
KW  - socioeconomic status
KW  - educational
KW  - large-scale study
KW  - educational achievement
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2019.101088
SN  - 0193-3973
VL  - 66
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kleinpeter, Erich
A1  - Koch, Andreas
T1  - The 13 C chemical shift and the anisotropy effect of the carbene electron-deficient centre
BT  - simple means to characterize the electron distribution of carbenes
JF  - Magnetic resonance in chemistry
N2  - Both the C-13 chemical shift and the calculated anisotropy effect (spatial magnetic properties) of the electron-deficient centre of stable, crystalline, and structurally characterized carbenes have been employed to unequivocally characterize potential resonance contributors to the present mesomerism (carbene, ylide, betaine, and zwitter ion) and to determine quantitatively the electron deficiency of the corresponding carbene carbon atom. Prior to that, both structures and C-13 chemical shifts were calculated and compared with the experimental delta(C-13)/ppm values and geometry parameters (as a quality criterion for obtained structures).
KW  - C-13 chemical shift
KW  - carbenes
KW  - zwitterions
KW  - carbene electron deficiency
KW  - nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS)
KW  - through space NMR shieldings
KW  - (TSNMRS)
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.4979
SN  - 0749-1581
SN  - 1097-458X
VL  - 58
IS  - 3
SP  - 280
EP  - 292
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Bender, Benedict
A1  - Thim, Christof
A1  - Linke, Felix
T1  - Platform coring in the browser domain
BT  - an exploratory study
T2  - Proceedings Information Systems - The Heart of Innovation Ecosystems (ICIS 2019)
N2  - Modern web browsers are digital software platforms, as they allow third-parties to extend functionality by providing extensions. Given the intense competition, differentiation through provided functionality is a key factor for browser platforms. As browsers progress, they constantly release new features. Browsers might thereby enter complementary markets if they add functionality formerly provided by third-party extensions, which is referred to as ‘platform coring’. Previous studies missed the perspective of the involved parties. To address this gap, we conduct interviews with third-party and core developers in the security and privacy domain from Firefox and Chrome. In essence, the study provides three contributions. First, insights into stakeholder-specific issues concerning coring. Second, measures to prevent coring. Third, strategical guidance for developers and owners. Third-parties experienced and core developers acknowledged coring to occur on browser platforms. While developers with extrinsic motivations assess coring negatively, developers with intrinsic motivations perceive coring positively.
KW  - Platform Coring
KW  - Browser Platforms
KW  - Platform Innovation
KW  - Firefox
KW  - Chrome
Y1  - 2019
UR  - https://aisel.aisnet.org/icis2019/is_heart_of_innovation_ecosystems/innovation_ecosystems/4/
SN  - 978-0-9966831-9-7
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Apelojg, Benjamin
T1  - What´s going on?! Needs and emotions during classes
BT  - the Felix-App: new ways of feedback and evaluating classes in real time
T2  - 9th International Conference on Society and Information Technologies (ICSIT 2018)
N2  - The “output-orientation” is omnipresent in teacher education. In order to evaluate teachers' and students' performances, a wide range of different quantitative questionnaires exist worldwide. One important goal of teaching evaluation is to increase the quality of teaching and learning. The author argues, that standard evaluations which are typically made at the end of the semester are problematic due to two reasons. The first one is that some of the questions are too general and don`t offer concrete ideas as to what kind of actions can be taken to make the courses better. The second problem is that the evaluation is mostly made when the course is already over. Because of this criticism, Apelojg invented the Felix-App which offers the possibility to give feedback in real-time by asking for the emotions and needs that occur during different learning situations. The idea is very simple: positive emotions and satisfied needs are helpful for the learning process. Negative emotions and unsatisfied needs have negative effects on the learning process. First descriptive results show, that “managing emotions” during classes can have positive effects on both motivation and emotions.
KW  - Emotionen
KW  - Bedürfnisse
KW  - Motivation
KW  - Echtzeitmessung
KW  - Emotions
KW  - needs
KW  - real-time measurement
KW  - Felix-App
KW  - feedback
Y1  - 2019
SN  - 978-1-5108-9702-1
IS  - 1
SP  - 85
EP  - 88
PB  - Curran Associates
CY  - Red Hook
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Riederer, Bernhard Edwin
A1  - Verwiebe, Roland
A1  - Seewann, Lena
T1  - Changing social stratification in Vienna
BT  - why are migrants declining from the middle of society?
JF  - Population, Space and Place
N2  - The social stratification systems of major cities are transforming all around the globe. International research has been discussing this trend and focus on changing occupational classes. However, the precise effects on urban households, taking social welfare and different family arrangements into account, as well as the precise effects on people with a migration background, remain unclear. Using the example of Vienna, this article examines immigration as a key dimension for social stratification. Although household income structures in Austria have remained comparatively stable over the past two decades, the middle-income share in Vienna (as the sole metropolis in Austria) has dramatically decreased. This predominantly affects people from migrant backgrounds. Using a comprehensive dataset (two waves, N = 16,700 participants, including N = 4,500 migrants), we systematically examine the role of (a) migration-specific and (b) education- and employment-related factors to explain the decline of middle-income migrants. The results of multinomial logistic regression and decomposition analyses suggest that transformations in the labour market is the main driving force. Changing migrant characteristics have counteracted this process. If today's migrants displayed similar showed characteristics (e.g., origin and educational levels) to those prevalent in the past decade, the ethnic stratification disparities would have been even stronger.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.2215
SN  - 1544-8444
SN  - 1544-8452
VL  - 25
IS  - 2
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Verwiebe, Roland
A1  - Kittel, Bernhard
A1  - Dellinger, Fanny
A1  - Liebhart, Christina
A1  - Schiestl, David
A1  - Haindorfer, Raimund
A1  - Liedl, Bernd
T1  - Finding your way into employment against all odds?
BT  - successful job search of refugees in Austria
JF  - Journal of ethnic and migration studies
N2  - Labour market entry poses enormous challenges for recently arrived refugees, ranging from language barriers, devaluation of human capital, unfamiliarity with customs of the job search process to outright discrimination. How can refugees overcome these challenges and quickly enter gainful employment? In this paper, we draw on interviews with 26 male and female refugees from Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq and Iran, conducted in 2017 and 2018, who came to Austria in 2015 and 2014 and who have successfully entered employment. We depict refugees’ own perspectives on and strategies for fast job entry and integration. Personal agency and a proactive approach of seeking and seizing opportunities are key for overcoming initial barriers and entering upon positive integration pathways. At the same time, refugees’ personal agency is essential for establishing social ties to the host society, which also play a crucial role in early labour market integration. Finally, institutions of the Austrian labour market (the ‘apprenticeship’-system) interact with refugees’ agency in most intricate ways, both setting up nearly insurmountable barriers but also providing specific opportunities for refugees.
KW  - Refugees
KW  - job search
KW  - agency
KW  - social capital
KW  - human capital
KW  - Austria
Y1  - 2018
UR  - https://phaidra.univie.ac.at/o:937263
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2018.1552826
SN  - 1369-183X
SN  - 1469-9451
VL  - 45
IS  - 9
SP  - 1401
EP  - 1418
PB  - Routledge
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fritsch, Nina-Sophie
A1  - Verwiebe, Roland
A1  - Liedl, Bernd
T1  - Declining Gender Differences in Low-Wage Employment in Germany, Austria and Switzerland
JF  - Comparative Sociology
N2  - Although the low-wage employment sector has enlarged over the past 20 years in the context of pronounced flexibility in restructured labor markets, gender differences in low-wage employment have declined in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. In this article, the authors examine reasons for declining gender inequalities, and most notably concentrate on explanations for the closing gender gap in low-wage employment risks. In addition, they identify differences and similarities among the German-speaking countries. Based on regression techniques and decomposition analyses (1996-2016), the authors find significantly decreasing labor market risks for the female workforce. Detailed analysis reveals that (1) the concrete positioning in the labor market shows greater importance in explaining declining gender differences compared to personal characteristics. (2) The changed composition of the labor markets has prevented the low-wage sector from increasing even more in general and works in favor of the female workforce and their low-wage employment risks in particular.
KW  - low-wage employment
KW  - gender inequality
KW  - labor market
KW  - Germany
KW  - Austria
KW  - Switzerland
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341507
SN  - 1569-1330
SN  - 1569-1322
VL  - 18
IS  - 4
SP  - 449
EP  - 448
PB  - Brill
CY  - Leiden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Quarmby, Andrew James
A1  - Khajooei, Mina
A1  - Engel, Tilman
A1  - Kaplick, Hannes
A1  - Mayer, Frank
T1  - The feasibility of a split-belt instrumented treadmill running protocol with perturbations
JF  - Journal of biomechanics
N2  - Unexpected perturbations during locomotion can occur during daily life or sports performance. Adequate compensation for such perturbations is crucial in maintaining effective postural control. Studies utilising instrumented treadmills have previously validated perturbed walking protocols, however responses to perturbed running protocols remain less investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of a new instrumented treadmill-perturbed running protocol. <br /> Fifteen participants (age = 2 8 +/- 3 years; height = 172 +/- 9 cm; weight = 69 +/- 10 kg; 60% female) completed an 8-minute running protocol at baseline velocity of 2.5 m/s (9 km/h), whilst 15 one-sided belt perturbations were applied (pre-set perturbation characteristics: 150 ms delay (post-heel contact); 2.0 m/s amplitude; 100 ms duration). Perturbation characteristics and EMG responses were recorded. Bland-Altman analysis (BLA) was employed (bias +/- limits of agreement (LOA; bias +/- 1.96*SD)) and intra-individual variability of repeated perturbations was assessed via Coefficients of Variation (CV) (mean +/- SD). <br /> On average, 9.4 +/- 2.2 of 15 intended perturbations were successful. Perturbation delay was 143 +/- 10 ms, amplitude was 1.7 +/- 0.2 m/s and duration was 69 +/- 10 ms. BLA showed -7 +/- 13 ms for delay, -0.3 +/- 0.1 m/s for amplitude and -30 +/- 10 ms for duration. CV showed variability of 19 +/- 4.5% for delay, 58 +/- 12% for amplitude and 30 +/- 7% for duration. EMG RMS amplitudes of the legs and trunk ranged from 113 +/- 25% to 332 +/- 305% when compared to unperturbed gait. This study showed that the application of sudden perturbations during running can be achieved, though with increased variability across individuals. The perturbations with the above characteristics appear to have elicited a neuromuscular response during running.
KW  - Lower-extremity perturbations
KW  - Split-belt treadmill
KW  - Running
KW  - Stumbling
KW  - EMC
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.109493
SN  - 0021-9290
SN  - 1873-2380
VL  - 98
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Chaabene, Helmi
T1  - Effects of resistance training on measures of physical fitness in young athletes
Y1  - 2019
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tomaszewska, Paulina
A1  - Schuster, Isabell
T1  - Comparing sexuality-related cognitions, sexual behavior, and acceptance of sexual coercion in dating app users and non-users
JF  - Sexuality research & social policy
N2  - Using dating apps has become popular for many young adults worldwide, promising the chance to meet new sexual partners. Because there is evidence that using dating apps may be associated with risky sexual behavior, this study compared users and non-users concerning their sexuality-related cognitions, namely their risky sexual scripts and sexual self-esteem, as well as their risky and sexually assertive behavior. It also explored the link between dating app use and acceptance of sexual coercion. A total of 491 young heterosexual adults (295 female) participated in an online survey advertised in social media and college libraries in Germany. Results indicated that users had more risky sexual scripts and reported more risky sexual behavior than non-users. Furthermore, male dating app users had lower sexual self-esteem and higher acceptance of sexual coercion than male non-users. In both gender groups, dating app use predicted casual sexual activity via a more risky casual sex script. Gender differences, potential underlying mechanisms, and directions for future research are discussed.
KW  - dating app use
KW  - sexual scripts
KW  - sexual behavior
KW  - acceptance of sexual
KW  - coercion
KW  - young adults
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-019-00397-x
SN  - 1868-9884
SN  - 1553-6610
VL  - 17
IS  - 2
SP  - 188
EP  - 198
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Sotiropoulou, Stavroula
T1  - Pleiotropy of phonetic indices in the expression of syllabic organization
N2  - This dissertation is concerned with the relation between qualitative phonological organization in the form of syllabic structure and continuous phonetics, that is, the spatial and temporal dimensions of vocal tract action that express syllabic structure. The main claim of the dissertation is twofold. First, we argue that syllabic organization exerts multiple effects on the spatio-temporal properties of the segments that partake in that organization. That is, there is no unique or privileged exponent of syllabic organization. Rather, syllabic organization is expressed in a pleiotropy of phonetic indices. Second, we claim that a better understanding of the relation between qualitative phonological organization and continuous phonetics is reached when one considers how the string of segments (over which the nature of the phonological organization is assessed) responds to perturbations (scaling of phonetic variables) of localized properties (such as durations) within that string. Specifically, variation in phonetic variables and more specifically prosodic variation is a crucial key to understanding the nature of the link between (phonological) syllabic organization and the phonetic spatio-temporal manifestation of that organization. The effects of prosodic variation on segmental properties and on the overlap between the segments, we argue, offer the right pathway to discover patterns related to syllabic organization. In our approach, to uncover evidence for global organization, the sequence of segments partaking in that organization as well as properties of these segments or their relations with one another must be somehow locally varied. The consequences of such variation on the rest of the sequence can then be used to unveil the span of organization. When local perturbations to segments or relations between adjacent segments have effects that ripple through the rest of the sequence, this is evidence that organization is global. If instead local perturbations stay local with no consequences for the rest of the whole, this indicates that organization is local.
N2  - Die vorliegende Dissertation befasst sich mit dem Verhältnis zwischen qualitativer Phonologie im Sinne silbischer Struktur und kontinuierlicher Phonetik im Sinne raum- und zeitbezogener Eigenschaften artikulatorischer Bewegungen, welche ebendiese Struktur ausdrücken. Die Dissertation stellt zwei Hauptthesen auf: Erstens behaupten wir, dass silbische Struktur verschiedene Auswirkungen auf die räumlichen und zeitlichen Eigenschaften der beteiligten Segmente hat. Das heißt, dass es keinen einzelnen ausgezeichneten Indikator für die silbische Struktur gibt, vielmehr muss diese durch mehrere verschiedene phonetischen Indexe beschrieben werden. Zweitens behaupten wir, dass man ein besseres Verständnis über den Zusammenhang von qualitativer phonologischer Struktur und kontinuierlicher Phonetik erhält, wenn man berücksichtigt, wie Abfolgen von Segmenten, welche die phonologische Struktur bestimmen, auf Perturbationen von lokalen phonetischen Eigenschaften reagieren. Die Variabilität phonetischer und insbesondere prosodischer Parameter spielt hierbei eine wesentliche Rolle. Wir behaupten, dass die Effekte prosodischer Variation der Eigenschaften einzelner Segmente und deren Überlappung einen geeigneten Weg zur Aufklärung silbisch-struktureller Muster aufzeigen. Wenn man Hinweise auf eine globale silbische Struktur herausarbeiten möchte, müssen folglich sowohl die Abfolge als auch die lokalen Eigenschaften der beteiligten Segmente variiert werden. Auswirkungen der Variationen können dann Auskunft über der Art und Gestalt der silbischen Struktur geben. Wenn lokale Perturbationen von Segmenten oder von Relationen zwischen benachbarten Segmenten die restliche Sequenz beeinflussen, ist dies als Hinweis auf eine globale Organisation zu bewerten. Wenn lokale Perturbationen hingegen lokal verbleiben ohne die restliche Sequenz zu beeinflussen, ist dies als Hinweis auf eine lokale Organisation zu bewerten.
KW  - Syllabic organization
KW  - inter-segmental coordination
KW  - obstruent-liquid clusters
KW  - prosodic modulation
KW  - compensatory effects
KW  - silbische Struktur
KW  - kompensatorischer Effekt
KW  - Koordination zwischen Segmenten
KW  - Obstruent-Liquide Konsonantencluster
KW  - prosodische Variation
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-546399
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kunde, Miriam N.
A1  - Martins, Renata Filipa
A1  - Premier, Joe
A1  - Fickel, Jörns
A1  - Förster, Daniel W.
T1  - Population and landscape genetic analysis of the Malayan sun bear Helarctos malayanus
JF  - Conservation genetics
N2  - Conservation genetics can provide data needed by conservation practitioners for their decisions regarding the management of vulnerable or endangered species, such as the sun bear Helarctos malayanus. Throughout its range, the sun bear is threatened by loss and fragmentation of its habitat and the illegal trade of both live bears and bear parts. Sharply declining population numbers and population sizes, and a lack of natural dispersal between populations all threaten the genetic diversity of the remaining populations of this species. In this first population genetics study of sun bears using microsatellite markers, we analyzed 68 sun bear samples from Cambodia to investigate population structure and genetic diversity. We found evidence for two genetically distinct populations in the West and East of Cambodia. Ongoing or recent gene flow between these populations does not appear sufficient to alleviate loss of diversity in these populations, one of which (West Cambodia) is characterized by significant inbreeding. We were able to assign 85% of sun bears of unknown origin to one of the two populations with high confidence (assignment probability >= 85%), providing valuable information for future bear reintroduction programs. Further, our results suggest that developed land (mostly agricultural mosaics) acts as a barrier to gene flow for sun bears in Cambodia. We highlight that regional sun bear conservation action plans should consider promoting population connectivity and enforcing wildlife protection of this threatened species.
KW  - Sun bear
KW  - Helarctos malayanus
KW  - Microsatellite
KW  - Population genetics
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-019-01233-w
SN  - 1566-0621
SN  - 1572-9737
VL  - 21
IS  - 1
SP  - 123
EP  - 135
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jessen, Anna
A1  - Verissimo, João Marques
A1  - Clahsen, Harald
T1  - Variability and consistency in late bilinguals’ morphology
BT  - an ERP production study
JF  - The mental lexicon
N2  - Speaking a late-learned second language (L2) is supposed to yield more variable and less consistent output than speaking one’s first language (L1), particularly with respect to reliably adhering to grammatical morphology. The current study investigates both internal processes involved in encoding morphologically complex words – by recording event-related brain potentials (ERPs) during participants’ silent productions – and the corresponding overt output. We specifically examined compounds with plural or singular modifiers in English. Thirty-one advanced L2 speakers of English (L1: German) were compared to a control group of 20 L1 English speakers from an earlier study. We found an enhanced (right-frontal) negativity during (silent) morphological encoding for compounds produced from regular plural forms relative to compounds formed from irregular plurals, replicating the ERP effect obtained for the L1 group. The L2 speakers’ overt productions, however, were significantly less consistent than those of the L1 speakers on the same task. We suggest that L2 speakers employ the same mechanisms for morphological encoding as L1 speakers, but with less reliance on grammatical constraints than L1 speakers.
KW  - event-related potentials (ERP)
KW  - plurals in compounds
KW  - morphological constraints
KW  - harmonic grammars
KW  - morphological processing
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1075/ml.18002.jes
SN  - 1871-1340
SN  - 1871-1375
VL  - 13
IS  - 2
SP  - 186
EP  - 214
PB  - John Benjamins Publishing Co.
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Bin Tareaf, Raad
A1  - Berger, Philipp
A1  - Hennig, Patrick
A1  - Meinel, Christoph
T1  - Personality exploration system for online social networks
BT  - Facebook brands as a use case
T2  - 2018 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence (WI)
N2  - User-generated content on social media platforms is a rich source of latent information about individual variables. Crawling and analyzing this content provides a new approach for enterprises to personalize services and put forward product recommendations. In the past few years, brands made a gradual appearance on social media platforms for advertisement, customers support and public relation purposes and by now it became a necessity throughout all branches. This online identity can be represented as a brand personality that reflects how a brand is perceived by its customers. We exploited recent research in text analysis and personality detection to build an automatic brand personality prediction model on top of the (Five-Factor Model) and (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count) features extracted from publicly available benchmarks. The proposed model reported significant accuracy in predicting specific personality traits form brands. For evaluating our prediction results on actual brands, we crawled the Facebook API for 100k posts from the most valuable brands' pages in the USA and we visualize exemplars of comparison results and present suggestions for future directions.
KW  - Big Five Model
KW  - Brand Personality
KW  - Personality Prediction
KW  - Machine Learning
KW  - Social Media Analysis
Y1  - 2019
SN  - 978-1-5386-7325-6
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1109/WI.2018.00-76
SP  - 301
EP  - 309
PB  - IEEE
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Andjelkovic, Marko
A1  - Babic, Milan
A1  - Li, Yuanqing
A1  - Schrape, Oliver
A1  - Krstić, Miloš
A1  - Kraemer, Rolf
T1  - Use of decoupling cells for mitigation of SET effects in CMOS combinational gates
T2  - 2018 25th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)
N2  - This paper investigates the applicability of CMOS decoupling cells for mitigating the Single Event Transient (SET) effects in standard combinational gates. The concept is based on the insertion of two decoupling cells between the gate's output and the power/ground terminals. To verify the proposed hardening approach, extensive SPICE simulations have been performed with standard combinational cells designed in IHP's 130 nm bulk CMOS technology. Obtained simulation results have shown that the insertion of decoupling cells results in the increase of the gate's critical charge, thus reducing the gate's soft error rate (SER). Moreover, the decoupling cells facilitate the suppression of SET pulses propagating through the gate. It has been shown that the decoupling cells may be a competitive alternative to gate upsizing and gate duplication for hardening the gates with lower critical charge and multiple (3 or 4) inputs, as well as for filtering the short SET pulses induced by low-LET particles.
KW  - decoupling cells
KW  - radiation hardening
KW  - SET effects
KW  - CMOS technology
KW  - combinational logic
Y1  - 2019
SN  - 978-1-5386-9562-3
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.2018.8617996
SP  - 361
EP  - 364
PB  - IEEE
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Nie, Yan
A1  - Wang, Weiwei
A1  - Xu, Xun
A1  - Zou, Jie
A1  - Bhuvanesh, Thanga
A1  - Schulz, Burkhard
A1  - Ma, Nan
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
T1  - Enhancement of human induced pluripotent stem cells adhesion through multilayer laminin coating
JF  - Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation : blood flow and vessels
N2  - Bioengineered cell substrates are a highly promising tool to govern the differentiation of stem cells in vitro and to modulate the cellular behavior in vivo. While this technology works fine for adult stem cells, the cultivation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is challenging as these cells typically show poor attachment on the bioengineered substrates, which among other effects causes substantial cell death. Thus, very limited types of surfaces have been demonstrated suitable for hiPSC cultures. The multilayer coating approach that renders the surface with diverse chemical compositions, architectures, and functions can be used to improve the adhesion of hiPSCs on the bioengineered substrates. We hypothesized that a multilayer formation based on the attraction of molecules with opposite charges could functionalize the polystyrene (PS) substrates to improve the adhesion of hiPSCs. Polymeric substrates were stepwise coated, first with dopamine to form a polydopamine (PDA) layer, second with polylysine and last with Laminin-521. The multilayer formation resulted in the variation of hydrophilicity and chemical functionality of the surfaces. Hydrophilicity was detected using captive bubble method and the amount of primary and secondary amines on the surface was quantified by fluorescent staining. The PDA layer effectively immobilized the upper layers and thereby improved the attachment of hiPSCs. Cell adhesion was enhanced on the surfaces coated with multilayers, as compared to those without PDA and/or polylysine. Moreover, hiPSCs spread well over this multilayer laminin substrate. These cells maintained their proliferation capacity and differentiation potential. The multilayer coating strategy is a promising attempt for engineering polymer-based substrates for the cultivation of hiPSCs and of interest for expanding the application scope of hiPSCs.
KW  - Polymeric substrate
KW  - surface coating
KW  - induced pluripotent stem cells
KW  - cell adhesion
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189318
SN  - 1386-0291
SN  - 1875-8622
VL  - 70
IS  - 4
SP  - 531
EP  - 542
PB  - IOS Press
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Sianipar, Johannes Harungguan
A1  - Willems, Christian
A1  - Meinel, Christoph
T1  - Virtual machine integrity verification in Crowd-Resourcing Virtual Laboratory
T2  - 2018 IEEE 11th Conference on Service-Oriented Computing and Applications (SOCA)
N2  - In cloud computing, users are able to use their own operating system (OS) image to run a virtual machine (VM) on a remote host. The virtual machine OS is started by the user using some interfaces provided by a cloud provider in public or private cloud. In peer to peer cloud, the VM is started by the host admin. After the VM is running, the user could get a remote access to the VM to install, configure, and run services. For the security reasons, the user needs to verify the integrity of the running VM, because a malicious host admin could modify the image or even replace the image with a similar image, to be able to get sensitive data from the VM. We propose an approach to verify the integrity of a running VM on a remote host, without using any specific hardware such as Trusted Platform Module (TPM). Our approach is implemented on a Linux platform where the kernel files (vmlinuz and initrd) could be replaced with new files, while the VM is running. kexec is used to reboot the VM with the new kernel files. The new kernel has secret codes that will be used to verify whether the VM was started using the new kernel files. The new kernel is used to further measuring the integrity of the running VM.
KW  - Virtual Machine
KW  - Integrity Verification
KW  - Crowd-Resourcing
KW  - Cloud Computing
Y1  - 2019
SN  - 978-1-5386-9133-5
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1109/SOCA.2018.00032
SN  - 2163-2871
SP  - 169
EP  - 176
PB  - IEEE
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Brand, Thomas
A1  - Giese, Holger Burkhard
T1  - Towards Generic Adaptive Monitoring
T2  - 2018 IEEE 12th International Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems (SASO)
N2  - Monitoring is a key prerequisite for self-adaptive software and many other forms of operating software. Monitoring relevant lower level phenomena like the occurrences of exceptions and diagnosis data requires to carefully examine which detailed information is really necessary and feasible to monitor. Adaptive monitoring permits observing a greater variety of details with less overhead, if most of the time the MAPE-K loop can operate using only a small subset of all those details. However, engineering such an adaptive monitoring is a major engineering effort on its own that further complicates the development of self-adaptive software. The proposed approach overcomes the outlined problems by providing generic adaptive monitoring via runtime models. It reduces the effort to introduce and apply adaptive monitoring by avoiding additional development effort for controlling the monitoring adaptation. Although the generic approach is independent from the monitoring purpose, it still allows for substantial savings regarding the monitoring resource consumption as demonstrated by an example.
Y1  - 2019
SN  - 978-1-5386-5172-8
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1109/SASO.2018.00027
SN  - 1949-3673
SP  - 156
EP  - 161
PB  - IEEE
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Sianipar, Johannes Harungguan
A1  - Sukmana, Muhammad Ihsan Haikal
A1  - Meinel, Christoph
T1  - Moving sensitive data against live memory dumping, spectre and meltdown attacks
T2  - 26th International Conference on Systems Engineering (ICSEng)
N2  - The emergence of cloud computing allows users to easily host their Virtual Machines with no up-front investment and the guarantee of always available anytime anywhere. But with the Virtual Machine (VM) is hosted outside of user's premise, the user loses the physical control of the VM as it could be running on untrusted host machines in the cloud. Malicious host administrator could launch live memory dumping, Spectre, or Meltdown attacks in order to extract sensitive information from the VM's memory, e.g. passwords or cryptographic keys of applications running in the VM. In this paper, inspired by the moving target defense (MTD) scheme, we propose a novel approach to increase the security of application's sensitive data in the VM by continuously moving the sensitive data among several memory allocations (blocks) in Random Access Memory (RAM). A movement function is added into the application source code in order for the function to be running concurrently with the application's main function. Our approach could reduce the possibility of VM's sensitive data in the memory to be leaked into memory dump file by 2 5% and secure the sensitive data from Spectre and Meltdown attacks. Our approach's overhead depends on the number and the size of the sensitive data.
KW  - Virtual Machine
KW  - Memory Dumping
KW  - Security
KW  - Cloud Computing
KW  - Spectre
KW  - Meltdown
Y1  - 2019
SN  - 978-1-5386-7834-3
PB  - IEEE
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Richly, Keven
T1  - Leveraging spatio-temporal soccer data to define a graphical query language for game recordings
T2  - IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)
N2  - For professional soccer clubs, performance and video analysis are an integral part of the preparation and post-processing of games. Coaches, scouts, and video analysts extract information about strengths and weaknesses of their team as well as opponents by manually analyzing video recordings of past games. Since video recordings are an unstructured data source, it is a complex and time-intensive task to find specific game situations and identify similar patterns. In this paper, we present a novel approach to detect patterns and situations (e.g., playmaking and ball passing of midfielders) based on trajectory data. The application uses the metaphor of a tactic board to offer a graphical query language. With this interactive tactic board, the user can model a game situation or mark a specific situation in the video recording for which all matching occurrences in various games are immediately displayed, and the user can directly jump to the corresponding game scene. Through the additional visualization of key performance indicators (e.g.,the physical load of the players), the user can get a better overall assessment of situations. With the capabilities to find specific game situations and complex patterns in video recordings, the interactive tactic board serves as a useful tool to improve the video analysis process of professional sports teams.
KW  - Spatio-temporal data analysis
KW  - soccer analytics
KW  - graphical query language
Y1  - 2019
SN  - 978-1-5386-5035-6
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1109/BigData.2018.8622159
SN  - 2639-1589
SP  - 3456
EP  - 3463
PB  - IEEE
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Richly, Keven
T1  - A survey on trajectory data management for hybrid transactional and analytical workloads
T2  - IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)
N2  - Rapid advances in location-acquisition technologies have led to large amounts of trajectory data. This data is the foundation for a broad spectrum of services driven and improved by trajectory data mining. However, for hybrid transactional and analytical workloads, the storing and processing of rapidly accumulated trajectory data is a non-trivial task. In this paper, we present a detailed survey about state-of-the-art trajectory data management systems. To determine the relevant aspects and requirements for such systems, we developed a trajectory data mining framework, which summarizes the different steps in the trajectory data mining process. Based on the derived requirements, we analyze different concepts to store, compress, index, and process spatio-temporal data. There are various trajectory management systems, which are optimized for scalability, data footprint reduction, elasticity, or query performance. To get a comprehensive overview, we describe and compare different exciting systems. Additionally, the observed similarities in the general structure of different systems are consolidated in a general blueprint of trajectory management systems.
KW  - Trajectory Data Management
KW  - Spatio-Temporal Data
KW  - Survey
Y1  - 2019
SN  - 978-1-5386-5035-6
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1109/BigData.2018.8622394
SN  - 2639-1589
SP  - 562
EP  - 569
PB  - IEEE
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Grüner, Andreas
A1  - Mühle, Alexander
A1  - Gayvoronskaya, Tatiana
A1  - Meinel, Christoph
T1  - A quantifiable trustmModel for Blockchain-based identity management
T2  - IEEE 2018 International Congress on Cybermatics / 2018 IEEE Conferences on Internet of Things, Green Computing and Communications, cyber, physical and Social Computing, Smart Data, Blockchain, Computer and Information Technology
KW  - Blockchain
KW  - distributed ledger technology
KW  - digital identity
KW  - self-sovereign identity
KW  - trust
KW  - identity management
Y1  - 2019
SN  - 978-1-5386-7975-3
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1109/Cybermatics_2018.2018.00250
SP  - 1475
EP  - 1482
PB  - IEEE
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kay, Alex James
T1  - Speaking the Unspeakable
BT  - The Portrayal of the Wannsee Conference in the Film Conspiracy
JF  - Holocaust Studies: A Journal of Culture and History
N2  - This article discusses the filmic representation of the infamous Wannsee Conference, when fifteen senior German officials met at a villa on the shore of a Berlin lake to discuss and co-ordinate the
implementation of the so-called final solution to the Jewish question. The understanding reached during the course of the ninety-minute meeting cleared the way for the Europe-wide killing of six million Jews. The article sets out to answer the principal challenge facing
anyone attempting to recreate the Wannsee Conference on film: what was the atmosphere of this conference and the attitude of the participants? Moreover, it discusses various ethical aspects related to the portrayal of evil, not in actions but in words, using the medium of film. In doing so, it focuses on the BBC/HBO television film Conspiracy (2001), directed by Frank Pierson, probing its historical accuracy and discussing its artistic credibility.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/17504902.2019.1637492
VL  - 27
IS  - 2
SP  - 187
EP  - 200
PB  - Routledge
CY  - Abingdon, Oxon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bürger, Gerd
T1  - A seamless filter for daily to seasonal forecasts, with applications to Iran and Brazil
JF  - Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
N2  - A digital filter is introduced which treats the problem of predictability versus time averaging in a continuous, seamless manner. This seamless filter (SF) is characterized by a unique smoothing rule that determines the strength of smoothing in dependence on lead time. The rule needs to be specified beforehand, either by expert knowledge or by user demand. As a result, skill curves are obtained that allow a predictability assessment across a whole range of time-scales, from daily to seasonal, in a uniform manner. The SF is applied to downscaled SEAS5 ensemble forecasts for two focus regions in or near the tropical belt, the river basins of the Karun in Iran and the Sao Francisco in Brazil. Both are characterized by strong seasonality and semi-aridity, so that predictability across various time-scales is in high demand. Among other things, it is found that from the start of the water year (autumn), areal precipitation is predictable with good skill for the Karun basin two and a half months ahead; for the Sao Francisco it is only one month, longer-term prediction skill is just above the critical level.
KW  - climate drift
KW  - ensemble prediction
KW  - seamless prediction
KW  - seasonal forecast skill
Y1  - 2019
VL  - 146
IS  - 726
PB  - WILEY-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Bürger, Gerd
T1  - A seamless filter for daily to seasonal forecasts, with applications to Iran and Brazil
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - A digital filter is introduced which treats the problem of predictability versus time averaging in a continuous, seamless manner. This seamless filter (SF) is characterized by a unique smoothing rule that determines the strength of smoothing in dependence on lead time. The rule needs to be specified beforehand, either by expert knowledge or by user demand. As a result, skill curves are obtained that allow a predictability assessment across a whole range of time-scales, from daily to seasonal, in a uniform manner. The SF is applied to downscaled SEAS5 ensemble forecasts for two focus regions in or near the tropical belt, the river basins of the Karun in Iran and the Sao Francisco in Brazil. Both are characterized by strong seasonality and semi-aridity, so that predictability across various time-scales is in high demand. Among other things, it is found that from the start of the water year (autumn), areal precipitation is predictable with good skill for the Karun basin two and a half months ahead; for the Sao Francisco it is only one month, longer-term prediction skill is just above the critical level.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1214 
KW  - climate drift
KW  - ensemble prediction
KW  - seamless prediction
KW  - seasonal forecast skill
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-523835
SN  - 1866-8372
IS  - 726
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Breternitz, Joachim
A1  - Lehmann, Frederike
A1  - Barnett, Sarah A.
A1  - Nowell, Harriott
A1  - Schorr, Susan
T1  - Role of the Iodide-methylammonium interaction in the ferroelectricity of CH3NH3PbI3
JF  - Angewandte Chemie - international edition
N2  - Excellent conversion efficiencies of over 20% and facile cell production have placed hybrid perovskites at the forefront of novel solar cell materials, with CH3NH3PbI3 being an archetypal compound. The question why CH3NH3PbI3 has such extraordinary characteristics, particularly a very efficient power conversion from absorbed light to electrical power, is hotly debated, with ferroelectricity being a promising candidate. This does, however, require the crystal structure to be non-centrosymmetric and we herein present crystallographic evidence as to how the symmetry breaking occurs on a crystallographic and, therefore, long-range level. Although the molecular cation CH3NH3+ is intrinsically polar, it is heavily disordered and this cannot be the sole reason for the ferroelectricity. We show that it, nonetheless, plays an important role, as it distorts the neighboring iodide positions from their centrosymmetric positions.
Y1  - 2019
VL  - 59
IS  - 1
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CY  - New Jersey
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Breternitz, Joachim
A1  - Lehmann, Frederike
A1  - Barnett, Sarah A.
A1  - Nowell, Harriott
A1  - Schorr, Susan
T1  - Role of the Iodide-methylammonium interaction in the ferroelectricity of CH3NH3PbI3
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Excellent conversion efficiencies of over 20% and facile cell production have placed hybrid perovskites at the forefront of novel solar cell materials, with CH3NH3PbI3 being an archetypal compound. The question why CH3NH3PbI3 has such extraordinary characteristics, particularly a very efficient power conversion from absorbed light to electrical power, is hotly debated, with ferroelectricity being a promising candidate. This does, however, require the crystal structure to be non-centrosymmetric and we herein present crystallographic evidence as to how the symmetry breaking occurs on a crystallographic and, therefore, long-range level. Although the molecular cation CH3NH3+ is intrinsically polar, it is heavily disordered and this cannot be the sole reason for the ferroelectricity. We show that it, nonetheless, plays an important role, as it distorts the neighboring iodide positions from their centrosymmetric positions.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1196 
KW  - ferroelectricity
KW  - hybrid perovskites
KW  - inorganic chemistry
KW  - photovoltaic materials
KW  - structure elucidation
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-518227
SN  - 1866-8372
IS  - 1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lartey, Nathaniel
A1  - Tsiwah, Frank
A1  - Amponsah, Clement
A1  - Martinez-Ferreiro, Silvia
A1  - Bastiaanse, Roelien
T1  - Resumption in the production of focused constructions in Akan speakers with agrammatism
JF  - Aphasiology
N2  - Background: The distribution of pronouns varies cross-linguistically. This distribution has led to conflicting results in studies that investigated pronoun resolution in agrammatic indviduals. In the investigation of pronominal resolution, the linguistic phenomenon of "resumption" is understudied in agrammatism. The construction of pronominal resolution in Akan presents the opportunity to thoroughly examine resumption. Aims: To start, the present study examines the production of (pronominal) resumption in Akan focus constructions (who-questions and focused declaratives). Second, we explore the effect of grammatical tone on the processing of pronominal (resumption) since Akan is a tonal language. Methods & Procedures: First, we tested the ability to distinguish linguistic and non-linguistic tone in Akan agrammatic speakers. Then, we administered an elicitation task to five Akan agrammatic individuals, controlling for the structural variations in the realization of resumption: focused who-questions and declaratives with (i) only a resumptive pronoun, (ii) only a clause determiner, (iii) a resumptive pronoun and a clause determiner co-occurring, and (iv) neither a resumptive pronoun nor a clause determiner. Outcomes & Results: Tone discrimination .both for pitch and for lexical tone was unimpaired. The production task demonstrated that the production of resumptive pronouns and clause determiners was intact. However, the production of declarative sentences in derived word order was impaired; wh-object questions were relatively well-preserved. Conclusions: We argue that the problems with sentence production are highly selective: linguistic tones and resumption are intact but word order is impaired in non-canonical declarative sentences.
KW  - Agrammatism
KW  - focus constructions
KW  - (pronominal) resumption
KW  - clause determiner
KW  - Akan
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2019.1686746
VL  - 34
IS  - 3
SP  - 343
EP  - 364
PB  - Routledge
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Lartey, Nathaniel
A1  - Tsiwah, Frank
A1  - Amponsah, Clement
A1  - Martinez-Ferreiro, Silvia
A1  - Bastiaanse, Roelien
T1  - Resumption in the production of focused constructions in Akan speakers with agrammatism
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Background: The distribution of pronouns varies cross-linguistically. This distribution has led to conflicting results in studies that investigated pronoun resolution in agrammatic indviduals. In the investigation of pronominal resolution, the linguistic phenomenon of "resumption" is understudied in agrammatism. The construction of pronominal resolution in Akan presents the opportunity to thoroughly examine resumption. Aims: To start, the present study examines the production of (pronominal) resumption in Akan focus constructions (who-questions and focused declaratives). Second, we explore the effect of grammatical tone on the processing of pronominal (resumption) since Akan is a tonal language. Methods & Procedures: First, we tested the ability to distinguish linguistic and non-linguistic tone in Akan agrammatic speakers. Then, we administered an elicitation task to five Akan agrammatic individuals, controlling for the structural variations in the realization of resumption: focused who-questions and declaratives with (i) only a resumptive pronoun, (ii) only a clause determiner, (iii) a resumptive pronoun and a clause determiner co-occurring, and (iv) neither a resumptive pronoun nor a clause determiner. Outcomes & Results: Tone discrimination .both for pitch and for lexical tone was unimpaired. The production task demonstrated that the production of resumptive pronouns and clause determiners was intact. However, the production of declarative sentences in derived word order was impaired; wh-object questions were relatively well-preserved. Conclusions: We argue that the problems with sentence production are highly selective: linguistic tones and resumption are intact but word order is impaired in non-canonical declarative sentences.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 726 
KW  - Agrammatism
KW  - focus constructions
KW  - (pronominal) resumption
KW  - clause determiner
KW  - Akan
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-525296
SN  - 1866-8364
IS  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Krückemeier, Lisa
A1  - Rau, Uwe
A1  - Stolterfoht, Martin
A1  - Kirchartz, Thomas
T1  - How to report record open-circuit voltages in lead-halide perovskite solar cells
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Open-circuit voltages of lead-halide perovskite solar cells are improving rapidly and are approaching the thermodynamic limit. Since many different perovskite compositions with different bandgap energies are actively being investigated, it is not straightforward to compare the open-circuit voltages between these devices as long as a consistent method of referencing is missing. For the purpose of comparing open-circuit voltages and identifying outstanding values, it is imperative to use a unique, generally accepted way of calculating the thermodynamic limit, which is currently not the case. Here a meta-analysis of methods to determine the bandgap and a radiative limit for open-circuit voltage is presented. The differences between the methods are analyzed and an easily applicable approach based on the solar cell quantum efficiency as a general reference is proposed.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1194 
KW  - Shockley-Queisser model
KW  - bandgap
KW  - fill factor losses
KW  - nonradiative voltage losses
KW  - photovoltaics
KW  - radiative limit
KW  - recombination
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-525289
SN  - 1866-8372
IS  - 1
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Schönemann, Eric
A1  - Koc, Julian
A1  - Aldred, Nick
A1  - Clare, Anthony S.
A1  - Laschewsky, André
A1  - Rosenhahn, Axel
A1  - Wischerhoff, Erik
T1  - Synthesis of novel sulfobetaine polymers with differing dipole orientations in their side chains, and their effects on the antifouling properties
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - The impact of the orientation of zwitterionic groups, with respect to the polymer backbone, on the antifouling performance of thin hydrogel films made of polyzwitterions is explored. In an extension of the recent discussion about differences in the behavior of polymeric phosphatidylcholines and choline phosphates, a quasi-isomeric set of three poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate)s is designed for this purpose. The design is based on the established monomer 3-[N-2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl-N,N-dimethyl]ammonio-propane-1-sulfonate and two novel sulfobetaine methacrylates, in which the positions of the cationic and the ionic groups relative to the polymerizable group, and thus also to the polymer backbone, are altered. The effect of the varied segmental dipole orientation on their water solubility, wetting behavior by water, and fouling resistance is compared. As model systems, the adsorption of the model proteins bovine serum albumin (BSA), fibrinogen, and lysozyme onto films of the various polyzwitterion surfaces is studied, as well as the settlement of a diatom (Navicula perminuta) and barnacle cyprids (Balanus improvisus) as representatives of typical marine fouling communities. The results demonstrate the important role of the zwitterionic group's orientation on the polymer behavior and fouling resistance
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1184 
KW  - antifouling
KW  - coatings
KW  - crosslinking
KW  - hydrophilic polymers
KW  - polyzwitterions
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-524820
SN  - 1866-8372
IS  - 1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Caliendo, Marco
A1  - Goethner, Maximilian
A1  - Weißenberger, Martin
T1  - Entrepreneurial persistence beyond survival: Measurement and determinants
JF  - Journal of Small Business Management
N2  - Entrepreneurial persistence is demonstrated by an entrepreneur’s continued positive maintenance of entrepreneurial motivation and constantly renewed active engagement in a new business venture despite counterforces or enticing alternatives. It thus is a crucial factor for entrepreneurs when pursuing and exploiting their business opportunities and in realizing potential economic gains and benefits. Using rich data on a representative sample of German business founders, we investigated the determinants of entrepreneurial persistence. Next to observed survival, we also constructed a hybrid persistence measure capturing the motivational dimension of persistence. We analyzed the influence of individual-level (human capital and personality) and business-related characteristics on both measures as well as their relative importance. We found that the two indicators emphasize different aspects of persistence. For the survival indicator, the predictive power was concentrated in business characteristics and human capital, while for hybrid persistence the dominant factors were business characteristics and personality. Finally, we showed that results were heterogeneous across subgroups. In particular, formerly unemployed founders did not differ in survival chances, but they were more likely to lack a high psychological commitment to their business ventures.
KW  - entrepreneurship
KW  - startups
KW  - persistence
KW  - survival
Y1  - 2019
VL  - 58
IS  - 3
PB  - Taylor & Francis
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Caliendo, Marco
A1  - Goethner, Maximilian
A1  - Weißenberger, Martin
T1  - Entrepreneurial persistence beyond survival: Measurement and determinants
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Entrepreneurial persistence is demonstrated by an entrepreneur’s continued positive maintenance of entrepreneurial motivation and constantly renewed active engagement in a new business venture despite counterforces or enticing alternatives. It thus is a crucial factor for entrepreneurs when pursuing and exploiting their business opportunities and in realizing potential economic gains and benefits. Using rich data on a representative sample of German business founders, we investigated the determinants of entrepreneurial persistence. Next to observed survival, we also constructed a hybrid persistence measure capturing the motivational dimension of persistence. We analyzed the influence of individual-level (human capital and personality) and business-related characteristics on both measures as well as their relative importance. We found that the two indicators emphasize different aspects of persistence. For the survival indicator, the predictive power was concentrated in business characteristics and human capital, while for hybrid persistence the dominant factors were business characteristics and personality. Finally, we showed that results were heterogeneous across subgroups. In particular, formerly unemployed founders did not differ in survival chances, but they were more likely to lack a high psychological commitment to their business ventures.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 144 
KW  - entrepreneurship
KW  - startups
KW  - persistence
KW  - survival
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-524813
SN  - 1867-5808
IS  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Omel'chenko, Oleh
T1  - Travelling chimera states in systems of phase oscillators with asymmetric nonlocal coupling
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - We study travelling chimera states in a ring of nonlocally coupled heterogeneous (with Lorentzian distribution of natural frequencies) phase oscillators. These states are coherence-incoherence patterns moving in the lateral direction because of the broken reflection symmetry of the coupling topology. To explain the results of direct numerical simulations we consider the continuum limit of the system. In this case travelling chimera states correspond to smooth travelling wave solutions of some integro-differential equation, called the Ott–Antonsen equation, which describes the long time coarse-grained dynamics of the oscillators. Using the Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction technique we suggest a numerical approach for the continuation of these travelling waves. Moreover, we perform their linear stability analysis and show that travelling chimera states can lose their stability via fold and Hopf bifurcations. Some of the Hopf bifurcations turn out to be supercritical resulting in the observation of modulated travelling chimera states.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1169 
KW  - chimera states
KW  - nonlocally coupled phase oscillators
KW  - Ott–Antonsen equation
KW  - forced symmetry breaking
KW  - travelling waves
KW  - continuation
KW  - stability
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-518141
SN  - 1866-8372
IS  - 2
SP  - 611
EP  - 642
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Stroncik, Nicole A.
T1  - Volatiles as tracers for mantle processes and magma formation and evolution
N2  - The geochemical composition of oceanic basalts provides us with a window into the distribution of geochemical elements within the Earth’s mantle in space and time. In conjunction with a throughout knowledge on how the different elements behave e.g. during melt formation and evolution or on their partition behaviour between e.g. minerals and melts this information has been transformed into various models on how oceanic crust is formed along plume influenced or normal mid-ocean ridge segments, how oceanic crust evolves in response to seawater, on subduction recycling of oceanic crust and so forth. The work presented in this habilitation was aimed at refining existing models, putting further constraints on some of the major open questions in this field of research while at the same time trying to increase our knowledge on the behaviour of noble gases as a tracer for melt formation and evolution processes. In the line of this work the author and her co-workers were able to answer one of the major questions concerning the formation of oceanic crust along plume-influenced ridges – in which physical state does the plume material enter the ridge? Based on submarine volcanic glass He, Ne and Ar data, the author and her co-workers have shown that the interaction of mantle plumes with mid-ocean ridges occurs in the physical form of melts. In addition, the author and her co-workers have also put further constraints on one of the major questions concerning the formation of oceanic crust along normal mid-ocean ridges – namely how is the mid-ocean ridge system effectively cooled to form the lower oceanic crust? Based on Ne and Ar data in combination with Cl/K ratios of basaltic glass from the Mid-Atlantic ridge and estimates of crystallisation pressures they have shown, that seawater penetration reaches lower crustal levels close to the Moho, indicating that hydrothermal circulation might be an effective cooling mechanism even for the deep parts of the oceanic crust. Considering subduction recycling, the heterogeneity of the Earth’s mantle and mantle dynamic processes the key question is on which temporal and spatial scales is the Earth’s mantle geochemically heterogeneous? In the line of this work the author along with her co-workers have shown based on Cl/K ratios in conjunction with the Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopes of the OIBs representing the type localities for the different mantle endmembers that the quantity of Cl recycled into the mantle via subduction is not uniform and that neither the HIMU nor the EM1 and EM2 mantle components can be considered as distinct mantle endmembers. In addition, we have shown, based on He, Ne and Ar isotope and trace-element data from the Foundation hotspot that the near ridge seamounts of the Foundation seamount chain formed by the Foundation hotspot erupt lavas with a trace-element signature clearly characteristic of oceanic gabbro which indicates the existence of recycled, virtually unchanged lower oceanic crust in the plume source. This is a clear sign of the inefficiency of the stirring mechanism existing at mantle depth. Similar features are seen in other near-axis hotspot magmas around the world. Based on He, Sr, Nd, Pb and O isotopes and trace elements in primitive mafic dykes from the Etendeka flood basalts, NW Namibia the author along with her co-workers have shown that deep, less degassed mantle material carried up by a mantle plume contributed significantly to the flood basalt magmatism. The Etendeka flood basalts are part of the South Atlantic LIP, which is associated with the breakup of Gondwana, the formation of the Paraná-Etendeka flood basalts and the Walvis Ridge - Tristan da Cunha hotspot track. Thus reinforcing the lately often-challenged concept of mantle plumes and the role of mantle plumes in the formation of large igneous provinces. Studying the behaviour of noble gases during melt formation and evolution the author along with her co-workers has shown that He can be considerable more susceptible to changes during melt formation and evolution resulting not only in a complete decoupling of He isotopes from e.g. Ne or Pb isotopes but also in a complete loss of the primary mantle isotope signal. They have also shown that this decoupling occurs mainly during the melt formation processes requiring He to be more compatible during mantle melting than Ne. In addition, the author along with her co workers were able to show that incorporation of atmospheric noble gases into igneous rocks is in general a two-step process: (1) magma contamination by assimilation of altered oceanic crust results in the entrainment of air-equilibrated seawater noble gases; (2) atmospheric noble gases are adsorbed onto grain surfaces during sample preparation. This implies, considering the ubiquitous presence of the contamination signal, that magma contamination by assimilation of a seawater-sourced component is an integral part of mid-ocean ridge basalt evolution.
KW  - noble gases
KW  - mantle formation
KW  - mantle evolution
KW  - ocean-crust formation
KW  - plume-ridge interaction
KW  - contamination processes
KW  - magmatic processes
KW  - continental break-up
Y1  - 2019
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Baesler, Jessica
A1  - Kopp, Johannes Florian
A1  - Pohl, Gabriele
A1  - Aschner, Michael
A1  - Haase, Hajo
A1  - Schwerdtle, Tanja
A1  - Bornhorst, Julia
T1  - Zn homeostasis in genetic models of Parkinson’s disease in Caenorhabditis elegans
JF  - Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology
N2  - While the underlying mechanisms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are still insufficiently studied, a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors is emphasized. Nevertheless, the role of the essential trace element zinc (Zn) in this regard remains controversial. In this study we altered Zn balance within PD models of the versatile model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) in order to examine whether a genetic predisposition in selected genes with relevance for PD affects Zn homeostasis. Protein-bound and labile Zn species act in various areas, such as enzymatic catalysis, protein stabilization pathways and cell signaling. Therefore, total Zn and labile Zn were quantitatively determined in living nematodes as individual biomarkers of Zn uptake and bioavailability with inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) or a multi-well method using the fluorescent probe ZinPyr-1. Young and middle-aged deletion mutants of catp-6 and pdr-1, which are orthologues of mammalian ATP13A2 (PARK9) and parkin (PARK2), showed altered Zn homeostasis following Zn exposure compared to wildtype worms. Furthermore, age-specific differences in Zn uptake were observed in wildtype worms for total as well as labile Zn species. These data emphasize the importance of differentiation between Zn species as meaningful biomarkers of Zn uptake as well as the need for further studies investigating the role of dysregulated Zn homeostasis in the etiology of PD.
KW  - Caenorhabditis elegans
KW  - Zinc
KW  - Zinc homeostasis
KW  - Parkinson disease
KW  - Labile zinc
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.05.005
VL  - 55
SP  - 44
EP  - 49
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - München
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kulkarni, Girish
A1  - Worseck, Gabor
A1  - Hennawi, Joseph F.
T1  - Evolution of the AGN UV luminosity function from redshift 7.5
JF  - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
N2  - Determinations of the ultraviolet (UV) luminosity function of active galactic nuclei (AGN) at high redshifts are important for constraining the AGN contribution to reionization and understanding the growth of supermassive black holes. Recent inferences of the luminosity function suffer from inconsistencies arising from inhomogeneous selection and analysis of data. We address this problem by constructing a sample of more than 80 000 colour-selected AGN from redshift z= 0 to 7.5 using multiple data sets homogenized to identical cosmologies, intrinsic AGN spectra, and magnitude systems. Using this sample, we derive the AGN UV luminosity function from redshift z= 0 to 7.5. The luminosity function has a double power-law form at all redshifts. The break magnitude M-* shows a steep brightening from M-* similar to -24 at z = 0.7 to M-* similar to -29 at z = 6. The faint-end slope beta significantly steepens from -1.9 at z < 2.2 to -2.4 at z similar or equal to 6. In spite of this steepening, the contribution of AGN to the hydrogen photoionization rate at z similar to 6 is subdominant (< 3 per cent), although it can be non-negligible (similar to 10 per cent) if these luminosity functions hold down to M-1450 = -18. Under reasonable assumptions, AGN can reionize He II by redshift z = 2.9. At low redshifts (z < 0.5), AGN can produce about half of the hydrogen photoionization rate inferred from the statistics of HI absorption lines in the intergalactic medium. Our analysis also reveals important systematic errors in the data, which need to be addressed and incorporated in the AGN selection function in future in order to improve our results. We make various fitting functions, codes, and data publicly available.
KW  - galaxies: active
KW  - intergalactic medium
KW  - quasars: general
KW  - dark ages, reionization, first stars
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1493
SN  - 0035-8711
SN  - 1365-2966
VL  - 488
IS  - 1
SP  - 1035
EP  - 1065
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gong, Chen Chris
A1  - Pikovskij, Arkadij
T1  - Low-dimensional dynamics for higher-order harmonic, globally coupled phase-oscillator ensembles
JF  - Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics
N2  - The Kuramoto model, despite its popularity as a mean-field theory for many synchronization phenomenon of oscillatory systems, is limited to a first-order harmonic coupling of phases. For higher-order coupling, there only exists a low-dimensional theory in the thermodynamic limit. In this paper, we extend the formulation used by Watanabe and Strogatz to obtain a low-dimensional description of a system of arbitrary size of identical oscillators coupled all-to-all via their higher-order modes. To demonstrate an application of the formulation, we use a second harmonic globally coupled model, with a mean-field equal to the square of the Kuramoto mean-field. This model is known to exhibit asymmetrical clustering in previous numerical studies. We try to explain the phenomenon of asymmetrical clustering using the analytical theory developed here, as well as discuss certain phenomena not observed at the level of first-order harmonic coupling.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.100.062210
SN  - 2470-0045
SN  - 2470-0053
VL  - 100
IS  - 6
PB  - American Physical Society
CY  - College Park
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Shen, Z.
A1  - Diercke, Andrea
A1  - Denker, Carsten
T1  - Calibration of full-disk He i 10 830 angstrom filtergrams of the Chromospheric Telescope
JF  - Astronomische Nachrichten = Astronomical notes
N2  - The Chromospheric Telescope (ChroTel) is a small 10-cm robotic telescope at Observatorio del Teide on Tenerife (Spain), which observes the entire sun in Hα, Ca ii K, and He i 10 830 Å. We present a new calibration method that includes limb-darkening correction, removal of nonuniform filter transmission, and determination of He i Doppler velocities. Chromospheric full-disk filtergrams are often obtained with Lyot filters, which may display nonuniform transmission causing large-scale intensity variations across the solar disk. Removal of a 2D symmetric limb-darkening function from full-disk images results in a flat background. However, transmission artifacts remain and are even more distinct in these contrast-enhanced images. Zernike polynomials are uniquely appropriate to fit these large-scale intensity variations of the background. The Zernike coefficients show a distinct temporal evolution for ChroTel data, which is likely related to the telescope's alt-azimuth mount that introduces image rotation. In addition, applying this calibration to sets of seven filtergrams that cover the He i triplet facilitates the determination of chromospheric Doppler velocities. To validate the method, we use three datasets with varying levels of solar activity. The Doppler velocities are benchmarked with respect to cotemporal high-resolution spectroscopic data of the GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph (GRIS). Furthermore, this technique can be applied to ChroTel Hα and Ca ii K data. The calibration method for ChroTel filtergrams can be easily adapted to other full-disk data exhibiting unwanted large-scale variations. The spectral region of the He i triplet is a primary choice for high-resolution near-infrared spectropolarimetry. Here, the improved calibration of ChroTel data will provide valuable context data.
KW  - methods: Data analysis
KW  - methods: Observational
KW  - Sun: Chromosphere
KW  - techniques: Image processing
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/asna.201813536
SN  - 0004-6337
SN  - 1521-3994
VL  - 339
IS  - 9-10
SP  - 661
EP  - 671
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Zarriess, Sina
A1  - Schlangen, David
T1  - Objects of Unknown Categories
T2  - The 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics
N2  - Zero-shot learning in Language & Vision is the task of correctly labelling (or naming) objects of novel categories. Another strand of work in L&V aims at pragmatically informative rather than "correct" object descriptions, e.g. in reference games. We combine these lines of research and model zero-shot reference games, where a speaker needs to successfully refer to a novel object in an image. Inspired by models of "rational speech acts", we extend a neural generator to become a pragmatic speaker reasoning about uncertain object categories. As a result of this reasoning, the generator produces fewer nouns and names of distractor categories as compared to a literal speaker. We show that this conversational strategy for dealing with novel objects often improves communicative success, in terms of resolution accuracy of an automatic listener.
Y1  - 2019
SN  - 978-1-950737-48-2
SP  - 654
EP  - 659
PB  - Association for Computational Linguistics
CY  - Stroudsburg
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Finch, Nicolle L.
A1  - Braker, I. P.
A1  - Reindl, Nicole
A1  - Barstow, Martin A.
A1  - Casewell, Sarah L.
A1  - Burleigh, M.
A1  - Kupfer, Thomas
A1  - Kilkenny, D.
A1  - Geier, Stephan
A1  - Schaffenroth, Veronika
A1  - Bertolami Miller, Marcelo Miguel
A1  - Taubenberger, Stefan
A1  - Freudenthal, Joseph
T1  - Spectral Analysis of Binary Pre-white Dwarf Systems
T2  - Radiative signatures from the cosmos
N2  - Short period double degenerate white dwarf (WD) binaries with periods of less than similar to 1 day are considered to be one of the likely progenitors of type Ia supernovae. These binaries have undergone a period of common envelope evolution. If the core ignites helium before the envelope is ejected, then a hot subdwarf remains prior to contracting into a WD. Here we present a comparison of two very rare systems that contain two hot subdwarfs in short period orbits. We provide a quantitative spectroscopic analysis of the systems using synthetic spectra from state-of-the-art non-LTE models to constrain the atmospheric parameters of the stars. We also use these models to determine the radial velocities, and thus calculate dynamical masses for the stars in each system.
Y1  - 2019
SN  - 978-1-58381-925-8
SN  - 1050-3390
VL  - 519
SP  - 231
EP  - 238
PB  - Astronomical soc pacific
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Kubatova, Brankica
A1  - Hamann, Wolf-Rainer
A1  - Kubat, Jiri
A1  - Oskinova, Lida
T1  - 3D Monte Carlo Radiative Transfer in Inhomogeneous Massive Star Winds
BT  - Application to Resonance Line Formation
T2  - Radiative signatures from the cosmos
N2  - Already for decades it has been known that the winds of massive stars are inhomogeneous (i.e. clumped). To properly model observed spectra of massive star winds it is necessary to incorporate the 3-D nature of clumping into radiative transfer calculations. In this paper we present our full 3-D Monte Carlo radiative transfer code for inhomogeneous expanding stellar winds. We use a set of parameters to describe dense as well as the rarefied wind components. At the same time, we account for non-monotonic velocity fields. We show how the 3-D density and velocity wind inhomogeneities strongly affect the resonance line formation. We also show how wind clumping can solve the discrepancy between P v and H alpha mass-loss rate diagnostics.
Y1  - 2019
SN  - 978-1-58381-925-8
SN  - 1050-3390
VL  - 519
SP  - 209
EP  - 212
PB  - Astronomical soc pacific
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Dolezalova, Barbora
A1  - Kubatova, Brankica
A1  - Kubat, Jiri
A1  - Hamann, Wolf-Rainer
T1  - The Quasi-WR Star HD 45166 Revisited
T2  - Radiative signatures from the cosmos
N2  - We studied the wind of the quasi Wolf-Rayet (qWR) star HD 45166. As a first step we modeled the observed UV spectra of this star by means of the state-of-the-art Potsdam Wolf-Rayet (PoWR) atmosphere code. We inferred the wind parameters and compared them with previous findings.
Y1  - 2019
SN  - 978-1-58381-925-8
SN  - 1050-3390
VL  - 519
SP  - 197
EP  - 200
PB  - Astronomical soc pacific
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Staubitz, Thomas
A1  - Meinel, Christoph
T1  - Graded Team Assignments in MOOCs
BT  - Effects of Team Composition and Further Factors on Team Dropout Rates and Performance
T2  - SCALE
N2  - The ability to work in teams is an important skill in today's work environments. In MOOCs, however, team work, team tasks, and graded team-based assignments play only a marginal role. To close this gap, we have been exploring ways to integrate graded team-based assignments in MOOCs. Some goals of our work are to determine simple criteria to match teams in a volatile environment and to enable a frictionless online collaboration for the participants within our MOOC platform. The high dropout rates in MOOCs pose particular challenges for team work in this context. By now, we have conducted 15 MOOCs containing graded team-based assignments in a variety of topics. The paper at hand presents a study that aims to establish a solid understanding of the participants in the team tasks. Furthermore, we attempt to determine which team compositions are particularly successful. Finally, we examine how several modifications to our platform's collaborative toolset have affected the dropout rates and performance of the teams.
KW  - Teamwork
KW  - MOOCs
KW  - Team-based Learning
KW  - Team Assessment
KW  - Peer Assessment
KW  - Project-based learning
Y1  - 2019
SN  - 978-1-4503-6804-9
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1145/3330430.3333619
PB  - Association for Computing Machinery
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Bock, Benedikt
A1  - Matysik, Jan-Tobias
A1  - Krentz, Konrad-Felix
A1  - Meinel, Christoph
T1  - Link Layer Key Revocation and Rekeying for the Adaptive Key Establishment Scheme
T2  - 2019 IEEE 5TH World Forum on internet of things (WF-IOT)
N2  - While the IEEE 802.15.4 radio standard has many features that meet the requirements of Internet of things applications, IEEE 802.15.4 leaves the whole issue of key management unstandardized. To address this gap, Krentz et al. proposed the Adaptive Key Establishment Scheme (AKES), which establishes session keys for use in IEEE 802.15.4 security. Yet, AKES does not cover all aspects of key management. In particular, AKES comprises no means for key revocation and rekeying. Moreover, existing protocols for key revocation and rekeying seem limited in various ways. In this paper, we hence propose a key revocation and rekeying protocol, which is designed to overcome various limitations of current protocols for key revocation and rekeying. For example, our protocol seems unique in that it routes around IEEE 802.15.4 nodes whose keys are being revoked. We successfully implemented and evaluated our protocol using the Contiki-NG operating system and aiocoap.
KW  - IEEE 802.15.4
KW  - key management
KW  - key establishment
KW  - key revocation
KW  - rekeying
KW  - link layer security
KW  - MAC security
Y1  - 2019
SN  - 978-1-5386-4980-0
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT.2019.8767211
SP  - 374
EP  - 379
PB  - IEEE
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Parfenteva, Olga
A1  - Groth, Detlef
A1  - Scheffler, Christiane
A1  - Zaharova, Maria F.
T1  - Influence of the A/T polymorphism of the FTO gene and sport specializations on the body composition of young Russian athletes
JF  - Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft für Anthropologie
N2  - Background: The polymorphism in FTO gene (rs9939609) is known to be associated with higher BMI and body fat mass content. However, environmental factors can modify this effect. The purpose of the present study was to investigate an association between sport specialization and the rs9939609 SNP in FTO gene in the cohort of professional and amateur young athletes. Methods: A total number of 250 young individuals 8-18 years old living in Moscow or Moscow district participated in the study. Individuals were divided into 3 groups in accordance with their physical activity level: control group (n = 49), amateurs (n = 67) and professionals (n = 137). Amateur and professional athletes were subdivided into groups according to their sport specialization. Quantile regression was used as a regression model, where the dependent (outcome) variable was BMI, along with percentage of body fat mass, and the independent variables (predictors) were the rs9939609 SNP in FTO gene, physical activity (active versus inactive), sport specialization (aerobic, intermittent sports and martial arts), nationality, level of sport experience (in years), gender and percentage of free fat mass content. Results: The regression analysis revealed that physical activity and sport specialization had greater impact compared to FTO allele in the group of physically active individuals. Physical activity, in particular aerobic, had negative associations with body fat mass and BMI. The rs9939609 SNP in FTO gene is associated with physical activity and aerobic activity. The magnitude of association becomes significantly larger at the upper quantiles of the body fat mass distribution. Conclusion: Physical activity and sport specialization explained more variance in body composition of physically active young individuals compared to the FTO polymorphism. Effect of interaction of physical activity, in particular aerobic, with the FTO polymorphism on body composition of young athletes was found.
KW  - physical activity
KW  - professional and amateur athletes
KW  - children and adolescents
KW  - BMI
KW  - percentage of fat mass
KW  - FTO
KW  - aerobic sports activity
KW  - quantile regression
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2019/0943
SN  - 0003-5548
VL  - 76
IS  - 5
SP  - 401
EP  - 408
PB  - Schweizerbart
CY  - Stuttgart
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Montemayor, Carlos
T1  - On the human uniqueness of the temporal reasoning system
JF  - Behavioral and brain sciences : an international journal of current research and theory with open peer commentary
N2  - A central claim by Hoerl & McCormack is that the temporal reasoning system is uniquely human. But why exactly? This commentary evaluates two possible options to justify the thesis that temporal reasoning is uniquely human, one based on considerations regarding agency and the other based on language. The commentary raises problems for both of these options.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X19000335
SN  - 0140-525X
SN  - 1469-1825
VL  - 42
PB  - Cambridge Univ. Press
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - López de Guereñu, Anna
A1  - Bastian, Philipp
A1  - Wessig, Pablo
A1  - John, Leonard
A1  - Kumke, Michael Uwe
T1  - Energy Transfer between Tm-Doped Upconverting Nanoparticles and a Small Organic Dye with Large Stokes Shift
JF  - Biosensors : open access journal
N2  - Lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNP) are being extensively studied for bioapplications due to their unique photoluminescence properties and low toxicity. Interest in RET applications involving UCNP is also increasing, but due to factors such as large sizes, ion emission distributions within the particles, and complicated energy transfer processes within the UCNP, there are still many questions to be answered. In this study, four types of core and core-shell NaYF4-based UCNP co-doped with Yb3+ and Tm3+ as sensitizer and activator, respectively, were investigated as donors for the Methyl 5-(8-decanoylbenzo[1,2-d:4,5-d ']bis([1,3]dioxole)-4-yl)-5-oxopentanoate (DBD-6) dye. The possibility of resonance energy transfer (RET) between UCNP and the DBD-6 attached to their surface was demonstrated based on the comparison of luminescence intensities, band ratios, and decay kinetics. The architecture of UCNP influenced both the luminescence properties and the energy transfer to the dye: UCNP with an inert shell were the brightest, but their RET efficiency was the lowest (17%). Nanoparticles with Tm3+ only in the shell have revealed the highest RET efficiencies (up to 51%) despite the compromised luminescence due to surface quenching.
KW  - resonance energy transfer
KW  - DBD dye
KW  - core shell UCNP
KW  - time-resolved luminescence
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/bios9010009
SN  - 2079-6374
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Unuabonah, Emmanuel Iyayi
A1  - Nöske, Robert
A1  - Weber, Jens
A1  - Günter, Christina
A1  - Taubert, Andreas
T1  - New micro/mesoporous nanocomposite material from low-cost sources for the efficient removal of aromatic and pathogenic pollutants from water
JF  - Beilstein journal of nanotechnology
N2  - A new micro/mesoporous hybrid clay nanocomposite prepared from kaolinite clay, Carica papaya seeds, and ZnCl2 via calcination in an inert atmosphere is presented. Regardless of the synthesis temperature, the specific surface area of the nanocomposite material is between approximate to 150 and 300 m(2)/g. The material contains both micro- and mesopores in roughly equal amounts. X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy suggest the formation of several new bonds in the materials upon reaction of the precursors, thus confirming the formation of a new hybrid material. Thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis and elemental analysis confirm the presence of carbonaceous matter. The new composite is stable up to 900 degrees C and is an efficient adsorbent for the removal of a water micropollutant, 4-nitrophenol, and a pathogen, E. coli, from an aqueous medium, suggesting applications in water remediation are feasible.
KW  - 4-nitrophenol
KW  - Carica papaya seeds
KW  - clay
KW  - E. coli
KW  - micro/mesoporous
KW  - nanocomposite
KW  - water remediation
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.10.11
SN  - 2190-4286
VL  - 10
SP  - 119
EP  - 131
PB  - Beilstein-Institut zur Förderung der Chemischen Wissenschaften
CY  - Frankfurt, Main
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wickert, Andrew D.
A1  - Schildgen, Taylor F.
T1  - Long-profile evolution of transport-limited gravel-bed rivers
JF  - Earth surface dynamics
N2  - Alluvial and transport-limited bedrock rivers constitute the majority of fluvial systems on Earth. Their long profiles hold clues to their present state and past evolution. We currently possess first-principles-based governing equations for flow, sediment transport, and channel morphodynamics in these systems, which we lack for detachment-limited bedrock rivers. Here we formally couple these equations for transport-limited gravel-bed river long-profile evolution. The result is a new predictive relationship whose functional form and parameters are grounded in theory and defined through experimental data. From this, we produce a power-law analytical solution and a finite-difference numerical solution to long-profile evolution. Steady-state channel concavity and steepness are diagnostic of external drivers: concavity decreases with increasing uplift rate, and steepness increases with an increasing sediment-to-water supply ratio. Constraining free parameters explains common observations of river form: to match observed channel concavities, gravel-sized sediments must weather and fine - typically rapidly - and valleys typically should widen gradually. To match the empirical square-root width-discharge scaling in equilibrium-width gravel-bed rivers, downstream fining must occur. The ability to assign a cause to such observations is the direct result of a deductive approach to developing equations for landscape evolution.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-17-2019
SN  - 2196-6311
SN  - 2196-632X
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
SP  - 17
EP  - 43
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Perkins, Daniel M.
A1  - Perna, Andrea
A1  - Adrian, Rita
A1  - Cermeno, Pedro
A1  - Gaedke, Ursula
A1  - Huete-Ortega, Maria
A1  - White, Ethan P.
A1  - Yvon-Durocher, Gabriel
T1  - Energetic equivalence underpins the size structure of tree and phytoplankton communities
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - The size structure of autotroph communities - the relative abundance of small vs. large individuals - shapes the functioning of ecosystems. Whether common mechanisms underpin the size structure of unicellular and multicellular autotrophs is, however, unknown. Using a global data compilation, we show that individual body masses in tree and phytoplankton communities follow power-law distributions and that the average exponents of these individual size distributions (ISD) differ. Phytoplankton communities are characterized by an average ISD exponent consistent with three-quarter-power scaling of metabolism with body mass and equivalence in energy use among mass classes. Tree communities deviate from this pattern in a manner consistent with equivalence in energy use among diameter size classes. Our findings suggest that whilst universal metabolic constraints ultimately underlie the emergent size structure of autotroph communities, divergent aspects of body size (volumetric vs. linear dimensions) shape the ecological outcome of metabolic scaling in forest vs. pelagic ecosystems.
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-08039-3
SN  - 2041-1723
VL  - 10
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
A1  - Shaki, Samuel
T1  - How to make talks less boring
T2  - Nature : the international weekly journal of science
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-00153-6
SN  - 0028-0836
SN  - 1476-4687
VL  - 565
IS  - 7739
SP  - 294
EP  - 294
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Nitze, Ingmar
A1  - Grosse, Guido
A1  - Jones, B. M.
A1  - Romanovsky, Vladimir E.
A1  - Boike, Julia
T1  - Author Correction: Nitze, I; Grosse, G; Jones, B.M.; Romanovsky, V.E.; Boike, J.: Remote sensing quantifies widespread abundance of permafrost region disturbances across the Arctic and Subarctic. - Nature Communications. - 9 (2018), 5423
T2  - Nature Communications
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08375-y
SN  - 2041-1723
VL  - 10
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sroka, Pavel
A1  - Godunko, Roman J.
A1  - Rutschmann, Sereina
A1  - Angeli, Kamila B.
A1  - Salles, Frederico F.
A1  - Gattolliat, Jean-Luc
T1  - A new species of Bungona in Turkey (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae)
BT  - an unexpected biogeographic pattern within a pantropical complex of mayflies
JF  - Zoosytematics and evolution
N2  - By using an integrative approach, we describe a new species of mayfly, Bungona (Chopralla) pontica sp. n., from Turkey. The discovery of a representative of the tropical mayfly genus Bungona in the Middle East is rather unexpected. The new species shows all the main morphological characters of the subgenus Chopralla, which has its closest related species occurring in southeastern Asia. Barcoding clearly indicated that the new species represents an independent lineage isolated for a very long time from other members of the complex. The claw is equipped with two rows of three or four flattened denticles. This condition is a unique feature of Bungona (Chopralla) pontica sp. n. among West Palaearctic mayfly species. Within the subgenus Chopralla, the species can be identified by the presence of a simple, not bifid right prostheca (also present only in Bungona (Chopralla) liebenauae (Soldan, Braasch & Muu, 1987)), the shape of the labial palp, and the absence of protuberances on pronotum.
KW  - Biogeography
KW  - Cloeodes complex
KW  - Chopralla
KW  - integrative taxonomy
KW  - Middle East
KW  - new species
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.29487
SN  - 1860-0743
VL  - 95
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
PB  - Pensoft Publ.
CY  - Sofia
ER  -