TY - JOUR A1 - Siemer, Julia T1 - Using Statistics Canada Data To Map Canada´s Population JF - Potsdamer Geographische Praxis N2 - Statistics Canada, Kanada’s nationale Statistikbehörde, bietet eine Reihe räumlicher Basisdaten zur Kartenerstellung und räumlichen Analyse ihrer Bevölkerungsdaten an. Der folgende Bericht zeigt die Möglichkeiten und Einschränkung der angebotenen räumlichen Daten für die Bevölkerungskartographie auf und stellt die vorhandenen Verwaltungsgrenzdateien bis zur kleinsten Einheit, dem so genannten ‚dissemination block‘, in ihrer Struktur vor. Die räumlich sehr ungleiche Verteilung der Bevölkerung Kanadas stellt eine besondere Herausforderung bei der kartographischen Visualisierung dar. Üblicherweise angewendete Methoden wie die Choroplethen-Methode sind im Falle Kanadas streng genommen nur zur Visualisierung kleinräumiger Bevölkerungsdichte geeignet. Um die Darstellung der Bevölkerungsdichte und -verteilung auch für größere Raumeinheiten, z. B. den so genannten ‚census divisions‘ oder die Provinzen, zu ermöglichen, veröffentlicht Statistics Canada einen Datensatz, der die Abgrenzung der Ökumene, also der bewohnten Fläche, des Landes veranschaulicht. Diese Datei ermöglicht es dem Nutzer die Bevölkerungsdichte und -verteilung des Landes angemessen und detailliert zu visualisieren. N2 - Statistics Canada, Canada’s national statistics agency, offers a suite of spatial files for mapping and analysis of its various population data products. The following article showcases possibilities and shortfalls of the existing spatial files for mapping population data, and provides an overview of the structure of the available boundary files from the regional to the dissemination block level. Due to Canada’s highly dispersed population, mapping its distribution and density can be challenging. Common mapping techniques such as the choropleth method are suitable only for mapping spatially high resolution data such as data at the dissemination area level. To allow for mapping of population data at less detailed levels such as census divisions or provinces, Statistics Canada has created a so-called ecumene boundary file which outlines the inhabited area of Canada and can be used to more accurately visualize Canada’s population distribution and density. Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-103439 SN - 978-3-86956-389-3 SN - 2194–1599 SN - 2194–1602 IS - 12 SP - 35 EP - 49 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kempert, Sebastian Benjamin A1 - Götz, Regina A1 - Blatter, Kristine A1 - Tibken, Catharina A1 - Artelt, Cordula A1 - Schneider, Wolfgang A1 - Stanat, Petra T1 - Training Early Literacy Related Skills BT - To Which Degree Does a Musical Training Contribute to Phonological Awareness Development? JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Well-developed phonological awareness skills are a core prerequisite for early literacy development. Although effective phonological awareness training programs exist, children at risk often do not reach similar levels of phonological awareness after the intervention as children with normally developed skills. Based on theoretical considerations and first promising results the present study explores effects of an early musical training in combination with a conventional phonological training in children with weak phonological awareness skills. Using a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design and measurements across a period of 2 years, we tested the effects of two interventions: a consecutive combination of a musical and a phonological training and a phonological training alone. The design made it possible to disentangle effects of the musical training alone as well the effects of its combination with the phonological training. The outcome measures of these groups were compared with the control group with multivariate analyses, controlling for a number of background variables. The sample included N = 424 German-speaking children aged 4–5 years at the beginning of the study. We found a positive relationship between musical abilities and phonological awareness. Yet, whereas the well-established phonological training produced the expected effects, adding a musical training did not contribute significantly to phonological awareness development. Training effects were partly dependent on the initial level of phonological awareness. Possible reasons for the lack of training effects in the musical part of the combination condition as well as practical implications for early literacy education are discussed. KW - phonological awareness KW - musical training KW - phonological training KW - preschool children KW - early literacy Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01803 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 7 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Steffen A1 - Müller, Juliane A1 - Stoll, Josefine A1 - Prieske, Olaf A1 - Cassel, Michael A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Incidence of back pain in adolescent athletes BT - a prospective study JF - BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation N2 - Background Recently, the incidence rate of back pain (BP) in adolescents has been reported at 21%. However, the development of BP in adolescent athletes is unclear. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of BP in young elite athletes in relation to gender and type of sport practiced. Methods Subjective BP was assessed in 321 elite adolescent athletes (m/f 57%/43%; 13.2 ± 1.4 years; 163.4 ± 11.4 cm; 52.6 ± 12.6 kg; 5.0 ± 2.6 training yrs; 7.6 ± 5.3 training h/week). Initially, all athletes were free of pain. The main outcome criterion was the incidence of back pain [%] analyzed in terms of pain development from the first measurement day (M1) to the second measurement day (M2) after 2.0 ± 1.0 year. Participants were classified into athletes who developed back pain (BPD) and athletes who did not develop back pain (nBPD). BP (acute or within the last 7 days) was assessed with a 5-step face scale (face 1–2 = no pain; face 3–5 = pain). BPD included all athletes who reported faces 1 and 2 at M1 and faces 3 to 5 at M2. nBPD were all athletes who reported face 1 or 2 at both M1 and M2. Data was analyzed descriptively. Additionally, a Chi2 test was used to analyze gender- and sport-specific differences (p = 0.05). Results Thirty-two athletes were categorized as BPD (10%). The gender difference was 5% (m/f: 12%/7%) but did not show statistical significance (p = 0.15). The incidence of BP ranged between 6 and 15% for the different sport categories. Game sports (15%) showed the highest, and explosive strength sports (6%) the lowest incidence. Anthropometrics or training characteristics did not significantly influence BPD (p = 0.14 gender to p = 0.90 sports; r2 = 0.0825). Conclusions BP incidence was lower in adolescent athletes compared to young non-athletes and even to the general adult population. Consequently, it can be concluded that high-performance sports do not lead to an additional increase in back pain incidence during early adolescence. Nevertheless, back pain prevention programs should be implemented into daily training routines for sport categories identified as showing high incidence rates. KW - Pain occurrence KW - Young athletes KW - Injury KW - Training volume Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-016-0064-7 SN - 2052-1847 VL - 8 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schilde, Uwe A1 - Kelling, Alexandra A1 - Umbreen, Sumaira A1 - Linker, Torsten T1 - Crystal structures of three bicyclic carbohydrate derivatives JF - Acta crystallographica Section E ; Crystallographic communications N2 - The title compounds, [(1R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-bis(acetyloxy)-7-oxo-2-oxabicyclo- [4.2.0]octan-3-yl]methyl acetate, C14H18O8, (I), [(1S,4R,5S,6R)-5-acetyloxy-7- hydroxyimino-2-oxobicyclo[4.2.0]octan-4-yl acetate, C11H15NO6, (II), and [(3aR,5R,6R,7R,7aS)-6,7-bis(acetyloxy)-2-oxooctahydropyrano[3,2-b]pyrrol-5- yl]methyl acetate, C14H19NO8, (III), are stable bicyclic carbohydrate derivatives. They can easily be synthesized in a few steps from commercially available glycals. As a result of the ring strain from the four-membered rings in (I) and (II), the conformations of the carbohydrates deviate strongly from the ideal chair form. Compound (II) occurs in the boat form. In the five-membered lactam (III), on the other hand, the carbohydrate adopts an almost ideal chair conformation. As a result of the distortion of the sugar rings, the configurations of the three bicyclic carbohydrate derivatives could not be determined from their NMR coupling constants. From our three crystal structure determinations, we were able to establish for the first time the absolute configurations of all new stereocenters of the carbohydrate rings. KW - crystal structure KW - carbohydrate deriv­atives KW - conformation KW - configuration Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989016018727 SN - 2056-9890 VL - 72 IS - 12 SP - 1839 EP - 1844 PB - IUCR CY - Chester ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lah, Ljerka A1 - Trense, Daronja A1 - Benke, Harald A1 - Berggren, Per A1 - Gunnlaugsson, Þorvaldur A1 - Lockyer, Christina A1 - Öztürk, Ayaka A1 - Öztürk, Bayram A1 - Pawliczka, Iwona A1 - Roos, Anna A1 - Siebert, Ursula A1 - Skóra, Krzysztof A1 - Víkingsson, Gísli A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph T1 - Spatially Explicit Analysis of Genome-Wide SNPs Detects Subtle Population Structure in a Mobile Marine Mammal, the Harbor Porpoise JF - PLoS one N2 - The population structure of the highly mobile marine mammal, the harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), in the Atlantic shelf waters follows a pattern of significant isolation-by-distance. The population structure of harbor porpoises from the Baltic Sea, which is connected with the North Sea through a series of basins separated by shallow underwater ridges, however, is more complex. Here, we investigated the population differentiation of harbor porpoises in European Seas with a special focus on the Baltic Sea and adjacent waters, using a population genomics approach. We used 2872 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), derived from double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq), as well as 13 microsatellite loci and mitochondrial haplotypes for the same set of individuals. Spatial principal components analysis (sPCA), and Bayesian clustering on a subset of SNPs suggest three main groupings at the level of all studied regions: the Black Sea, the North Atlantic, and the Baltic Sea. Furthermore, we observed a distinct separation of the North Sea harbor porpoises from the Baltic Sea populations, and identified splits between porpoise populations within the Baltic Sea. We observed a notable distinction between the Belt Sea and the Inner Baltic Sea sub-regions. Improved delineation of harbor porpoise population assignments for the Baltic based on genomic evidence is important for conservation management of this endangered cetacean in threatened habitats, particularly in the Baltic Sea proper. In addition, we show that SNPs outperform microsatellite markers and demonstrate the utility of RAD-tags from a relatively small, opportunistically sampled cetacean sample set for population diversity and divergence analysis. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162792 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 11 IS - 10 PB - PLoS CY - Lawrence, Kan. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pellanda, Marina T1 - Tarkovsky’s legacy BT - Tarkovskian inspirations in contemporary cinema JF - Andrej Tarkovskij: Klassiker – Классик – Classic – Classico : Beiträge zum internationalen Tarkovskij-Symposium an der Universität Potsdam ; Band 2 Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-100557 SN - 978-3-86956-352-7 SP - 549 EP - 571 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paperny, Vladimir T1 - Andrej Tarkovskij and Andrej Končalovskij BT - Lives, Films, Culture JF - Andrej Tarkovskij: Klassiker – Классик – Classic – Classico : Beiträge zum internationalen Tarkovskij-Symposium an der Universität Potsdam ; Band 2 Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-100515 SN - 978-3-86956-352-7 SP - 471 EP - 486 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Salvestroni, Simonetta T1 - A Recurring Theme in Tarkovsky’s Cinema BT - The Window as the Entrance to Another Dimension JF - Andrej Tarkovskij: Klassiker – Классик – Classic – Classico : Beiträge zum internationalen Tarkovskij-Symposium an der Universität Potsdam ; Band 2 Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-100472 SN - 978-3-86956-352-7 SP - 399 EP - 407 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wippert, Pia-Maria A1 - Fliesser, Michael T1 - National doping prevention guidelines : Intent, efficacy and lessons learned BT - A 4-year evaluation JF - Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy N2 - Background Doping presents a potential health risk for young athletes. Prevention programs are intended to prevent doping by educating athletes about banned substances. However, such programs have their limitations in practice. This led Germany to introduce the National Doping Prevention Plan (NDPP), in hopes of ameliorating the situation among young elite athletes. Two studies examined 1) the degree to which the NDPP led to improved prevention efforts in elite sport schools, and 2) the extent to which newly developed prevention activities of the national anti-doping agency (NADA) based on the NDPP have improved knowledge among young athletes within elite sports schools. Methods The first objective was investigated in a longitudinal study (Study I: t0 = baseline, t1 = follow-up 4 years after NDPP introduction) with N = 22 teachers engaged in doping prevention in elite sports schools. The second objective was evaluated in a cross-sectional comparison study (Study II) in N = 213 elite sports school students (54.5 % male, 45.5 % female, age M = 16.7 ± 1.3 years (all students had received the improved NDDP measure in school; one student group had received additionally NADA anti-doping activities and a control group did not). Descriptive statistics were calculated, followed by McNemar tests, Wilcoxon tests and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Results Results indicate that 4 years after the introduction of the NDPP there have been limited structural changes with regard to the frequency, type, and scope of doping prevention in elite sport schools. On the other hand, in study II, elite sport school students who received further NADA anti-doping activities performed better on an anti-doping knowledge test than students who did not take part (F(1, 207) = 33.99, p <0.001), although this difference was small. Conclusion The integration of doping-prevention in elite sport schools as part of the NDPP was only partially successful. The results of the evaluation indicate that the introduction of the NDPP has contributed more to a change in the content of doping prevention activities than to a structural transformation in anti-doping education in elite sport schools. Moreover, while students who did receive additional education in the form of the NDPP“booster sessions” had significantly more knowledge about doping than students who did not receive such education, this difference was only small and may not translate to actual behavior. KW - Doping KW - Anti-doping program KW - Anti-doping guideline KW - Elite sports schools Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-016-0079-9 SN - 1747-597X VL - 11 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gerth, Sabrina A1 - Klassert, Annegret A1 - Dolk, Thomas A1 - Fliesser, Michael A1 - Fischer, Martin H. A1 - Nottbusch, Guido A1 - Festman, Julia T1 - Is Handwriting Performance Affected by the Writing Surface? BT - Comparing Preschoolers', Second Graders', and Adults' Writing Performance on a Tablet vs. Paper JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Due to their multifunctionality, tablets offer tremendous advantages for research on handwriting dynamics or for interactive use of learning apps in schools. Further, the widespread use of tablet computers has had a great impact on handwriting in the current generation. But, is it advisable to teach how to write and to assess handwriting in pre- and primary schoolchildren on tablets rather than on paper? Since handwriting is not automatized before the age of 10 years, children's handwriting movements require graphomotor and visual feedback as well as permanent control of movement execution during handwriting. Modifications in writing conditions, for instance the smoother writing surface of a tablet, might influence handwriting performance in general and in particular those of non-automatized beginning writers. In order to investigate how handwriting performance is affected by a difference in friction of the writing surface, we recruited three groups with varying levels of handwriting automaticity: 25 preschoolers, 27 second graders, and 25 adults. We administered three tasks measuring graphomotor abilities, visuomotor abilities, and handwriting performance (only second graders and adults). We evaluated two aspects of handwriting performance: the handwriting quality with a visual score and the handwriting dynamics using online handwriting measures [e.g., writing duration, writing velocity, strokes and number of inversions in velocity (NIV)]. In particular, NIVs which describe the number of velocity peaks during handwriting are directly related to the level of handwriting automaticity. In general, we found differences between writing on paper compared to the tablet. These differences were partly task-dependent. The comparison between tablet and paper revealed a faster writing velocity for all groups and all tasks on the tablet which indicates that all participants—even the experienced writers—were influenced by the lower friction of the tablet surface. Our results for the group-comparison show advancing levels in handwriting automaticity from preschoolers to second graders to adults, which confirms that our method depicts handwriting performance in groups with varying degrees of handwriting automaticity. We conclude that the smoother tablet surface requires additional control of handwriting movements and therefore might present an additional challenge for learners of handwriting. KW - handwriting KW - movement kinematics KW - writing acquisition KW - children KW - graphomotor control KW - tablet Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01308 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 7 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Warschburger, Petra A1 - Kröller, Katja T1 - Loss to follow-up in a randomized controlled trial study for pediatric weight management (EPOC) JF - BMC pediatrics N2 - Background Attrition is a serious problem in intervention studies. The current study analyzed the attrition rate during follow-up in a randomized controlled pediatric weight management program (EPOC study) within a tertiary care setting. Methods Five hundred twenty-three parents and their 7–13-year-old children with obesity participated in the randomized controlled intervention trial. Follow-up data were assessed 6 and 12 months after the end of treatment. Attrition was defined as providing no objective weight data. Demographic and psychological baseline characteristics were used to predict attrition at 6- and 12-month follow-up using multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results Objective weight data were available for 49.6 (67.0) % of the children 6 (12) months after the end of treatment. Completers and non-completers at the 6- and 12-month follow-up differed in the amount of weight loss during their inpatient stay, their initial BMI-SDS, educational level of the parents, and child’s quality of life and well-being. Additionally, completers supported their child more than non-completers, and at the 12-month follow-up, families with a more structured eating environment were less likely to drop out. On a multivariate level, only educational background and structure of the eating environment remained significant. Conclusions The minor differences between the completers and the non-completers suggest that our retention strategies were successful. Further research should focus on prevention of attrition in families with a lower educational background. KW - Attrition KW - Obesity KW - Child KW - Predictors KW - Weight management trial Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-016-0727-2 SN - 1471-2431 VL - 16 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Feldmann, David A1 - Maduar, Salim R. A1 - Santer, Mark A1 - Lomadze, Nino A1 - Vinogradova, Olga I. A1 - Santer, Svetlana T1 - Manipulation of small particles at solid liquid interface BT - light driven diffusioosmosis JF - Scientific reports N2 - The strong adhesion of sub-micron sized particles to surfaces is a nuisance, both for removing contaminating colloids from surfaces and for conscious manipulation of particles to create and test novel micro/nano-scale assemblies. The obvious idea of using detergents to ease these processes suffers from a lack of control: the action of any conventional surface-modifying agent is immediate and global. With photosensitive azobenzene containing surfactants we overcome these limitations. Such photo-soaps contain optical switches (azobenzene molecules), which upon illumination with light of appropriate wavelength undergo reversible trans-cis photo-isomerization resulting in a subsequent change of the physico-chemical molecular properties. In this work we show that when a spatial gradient in the composition of trans- and cis- isomers is created near a solid-liquid interface, a substantial hydrodynamic flow can be initiated, the spatial extent of which can be set, e.g., by the shape of a laser spot. We propose the concept of light induced diffusioosmosis driving the flow, which can remove, gather or pattern a particle assembly at a solid-liquid interface. In other words, in addition to providing a soap we implement selectivity: particles are mobilized and moved at the time of illumination, and only across the illuminated area. KW - genomic DNA conformation KW - photosensitive surfactants KW - optical manipulation KW - photocontrol KW - azobenzene KW - films KW - gradients KW - transport KW - tracking KW - brushes Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/srep36443 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 6 PB - Nature Publishing Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kibrik, Andrej A. A1 - Khudyakova, Mariya V. A1 - Dobrov, Grigory B. A1 - Linnik, Anastasia A1 - Zalmanov, Dmitrij A. T1 - Referential Choice BT - Predictability and Its Limits JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - We report a study of referential choice in discourse production, understood as the choice between various types of referential devices, such as pronouns and full noun phrases. Our goal is to predict referential choice, and to explore to what extent such prediction is possible. Our approach to referential choice includes a cognitively informed theoretical component, corpus analysis, machine learning methods and experimentation with human participants. Machine learning algorithms make use of 25 factors, including referent’s properties (such as animacy and protagonism), the distance between a referential expression and its antecedent, the antecedent’s syntactic role, and so on. Having found the predictions of our algorithm to coincide with the original almost 90% of the time, we hypothesized that fully accurate prediction is not possible because, in many situations, more than one referential option is available. This hypothesis was supported by an experimental study, in which participants answered questions about either the original text in the corpus, or about a text modified in accordance with the algorithm’s prediction. Proportions of correct answers to these questions, as well as participants’ rating of the questions’ difficulty, suggested that divergences between the algorithm’s prediction and the original referential device in the corpus occur overwhelmingly in situations where the referential choice is not categorical. KW - referential choice KW - non-categoricity KW - machine learning KW - cross-methodological approach KW - discourse production Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01429 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 7 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Carvalho, Sidney J. A1 - Metzler, Ralf A1 - Cherstvy, Andrey G. T1 - Critical adsorption of polyelectrolytes onto planar and convex highly charged surfaces BT - the nonlinear Poisson–Boltzmann approach JF - New journal of physics : the open-access journal for physics N2 - We study the adsorption–desorption transition of polyelectrolyte chains onto planar, cylindrical and spherical surfaces with arbitrarily high surface charge densities by massive Monte Carlo computer simulations. We examine in detail how the well known scaling relations for the threshold transition—demarcating the adsorbed and desorbed domains of a polyelectrolyte near weakly charged surfaces—are altered for highly charged interfaces. In virtue of high surface potentials and large surface charge densities, the Debye–Hückel approximation is often not feasible and the nonlinear Poisson–Boltzmann approach should be implemented. At low salt conditions, for instance, the electrostatic potential from the nonlinear Poisson–Boltzmann equation is smaller than the Debye–Hückel result, such that the required critical surface charge density for polyelectrolyte adsorption σc increases. The nonlinear relation between the surface charge density and electrostatic potential leads to a sharply increasing critical surface charge density with growing ionic strength, imposing an additional limit to the critical salt concentration above which no polyelectrolyte adsorption occurs at all. We contrast our simulations findings with the known scaling results for weak critical polyelectrolyte adsorption onto oppositely charged surfaces for the three standard geometries. Finally, we discuss some applications of our results for some physical–chemical and biophysical systems. KW - polyelectrolyte adsorption KW - electrostatic interactions KW - critical phenomena KW - Debye screening Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/18/8/083037 SN - 1367-2630 VL - 18 PB - IOP Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Merkur, Lianne T1 - Contentious and Communal Cultural Heritage BT - Excavating the Jewish-Arab City of Lod, Israel JF - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association of Jewish Studies [22 (2016)] = Muslim-Jewish Dialogue JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien [22 (2016)] = Muslim-Jewish Dialogue N2 - Archäologie kann als ein in den Prozess der Identitätsbildung involviertes Werkzeug verstanden werden. Als solches trägt sie zur Schaffung von Zugehörigkeit und Einheit innerhalb einer vielfältigen Reihe von Gemeinden bei. Die Forschung wurde aufgrund des breiten Wahrnehmungsspektrums und Analysepotentials mit Absicht in der gemischten Stadt Lod in Israel durchgeführt. Die Autorin untersuchte die Auswirkungen des städtischen Kulturerbes auf die identitäre Entwicklung der jüdischen und arabischen Kinder vor Ort. Als jüngste aktive Mitglieder der Gesellschaft in der Stadt wurden sie ausgewählt, um an den Grabungen der Saison 2013 im Khan al-Hilu teilzunehmen. Israel ist für solche Forschungen aufgrund seiner Natur, dem gleichzeitig umfangreichen Schwerpunkt der Ausgrabungen und dem anhaltenden, scheinbar unlösbaren Nahostkonflikt der ideale Ort. Die generationenalte Bindung an das Land dient als Grundlage für die kollektive Identität von Arabern und Juden. Doch jede Gemeinschaft und jedes Individuum bezieht sich auf unterschiedliche archäologische Stätten, die durch ihre Bedeutung als kulturelles Erbe und ihren Wert für die jeweilige Gruppe geprägt sind. N2 - Archaeology can be understood as a tool used in the process of identity formation, contributing to a sense of belonging and unity within a diverse set of communities. Research was conducted with the intention of analyzing the wide range of perceptions regarding archaeological sites in the mixed city of Lod, Israel. I explored the impact of urban cultural heritage on shaping the identity of local Jewish and Arab children, who were chosen as the youngest active members of society living in the city, and who participated in the 2013 archaeological excavation season at the Khan al-Hilu. Israel is an ideal location for such research, due to its nature as simultaneously being the focus of extensive archaeological excavations as well as being the setting of an intractable conflict. Ancestral attachment to the land serves as a foundation for the collective identity of both Jews and Arabs. Yet, each community and individual may relate differently to the surrounding archaeological sites, which is further shaped by their sense of societal hierarchy and cultural heritage. Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-99665 SN - 978-3-86956-370-1 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 VL - 22 SP - 151 EP - 164 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Anzi, Menashe T1 - ʿAgunot and Converts to Islam BT - Jews and Muslims in Yemen from 1950 to 1962 JF - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association of Jewish Studies [22 (2016)] = Muslim-Jewish Dialogue JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien [22 (2016)] = Muslim-Jewish Dialogue N2 - Nach der Massenemigration der jemenitischen Juden nach Israel zwischen 1948 und 1950 sind ca. 2000 Juden im Jemen zurückgeblieben. Viele sind danach mit Hilfe der Jewish Agency und des JDC nach Israel eingewandert. Die wenigen Zurückgebliebenen lebten in kleinen Gemeinden, behielten jedoch ihre religiösen Bräuche bei. Deren Verteilung unter der muslimischen Bevölkerung führte jedoch zur Annäherung zwischen Juden und Muslimen. Rund zehn Prozent sind zum Islam übergetreten, teils als Einzelpersonen, teils als Gruppen. Dabei gab es etwa zwanzig Fälle von Männern, die zum Islam übertraten, deren Frauen aber nach Israel auswanderten und das Judentum beibehielten. Aufgrund des Abbruchs der ehelichen Beziehung nach islamischem Recht haben sich einige Konvertiten geweigert ihren Frauen die Scheidung zu gewähren. Dieser Beitrag geht den Bemühungen zur Befreiung der ʿAgunot nach. Es wird gezeigt, wie jüdische und muslimische Gelehrte gemeinsam nach Lösungen suchten und Brücken zwischen ihren Religionsgemeinschaften schlugen. N2 - After the mass immigration to Israel from 1948 to 1950, about 2000 Jews remained in Yemen. These Jews lived in small communities and continued to maintain their religious environment as it was. In the years that followed, many of them, however, moved from Yemen to Israel with the assistance of the Jewish Agency and the Joint Distribution Committee (JDC). The community was of a small size and the fact that it was dispersed throughout the predominantly Muslim areas, created a certain closeness between the two groups. About ten percent of the Jews chose to convert to Islam, many of them in groups. In about twenty cases, the husbands chose to convert to Islam while their wives emigrated to preserve their Judaism. Some of the converts refused to grant their wives a divorce, because, according to Muslim law, conversion is enough to sever the marital relationship. This procedure is called ʿAgunot. Meaning, women bound in marriage to a husband and they no longer lived together, but the husband didn’t formally ‘released’ her from marriage union. The article follows the efforts undertaken to release the ʿAgunot, and shows that Jewish and Muslim scholars were able to find solutions to the ʿAgunot problem and, at times, managed to bridge the gap between the two religions. Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-99658 SN - 978-3-86956-370-1 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 VL - 22 SP - 135 EP - 149 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tarabieh, Abdallah A1 - Yeshaya, Joachim T1 - The Themes of Calling for Help and Redemption in Arabic and Hebrew Poems from Medieval Spain during the Eleventh and Twelfth Century JF - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association of Jewish Studies [22 (2016)] = Muslim-Jewish Dialogue JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien [22 (2016)] = Muslim-Jewish Dialogue N2 - In this article we will present a few examples of the theme of “calling for help and redemption” in Arabic and Hebrew poetry, with particular focus on eleventh and twelfth century Muslim Spain. More particularly, we will offer a glimpse into the life and oeuvre of two medieval poets (one Muslim, one Jewish); both were active in Muslim Spain in the same period and shared a similar fate of exile and wandering: on the one hand, the Sicilian Arabic poet Ibn Ḥamdīs (c. 1056–c. 1133) and on the other hand, the Spanish Jewish poet Moses ibn Ezra (1055–1138). We will take into account the impact of exile and wandering on the profusion of the theme of “calling for help and redemption” as well as the related theme of “yearning for one’s homeland” through an analysis and comparison of poetic fragments by the two aforementioned poets as well as additional Andalusian Jewish (Judah ha-Levi) and Muslim (Ibn Khafāja, al-Rundī and Ibn al-Abbār) poets. N2 - In diesem Artikel werden einige Beispiele der Themen „Anrufung um Hilfe und Erlösung“ in der arabischen und hebräischen Poesie, im speziellem die des 11. und 12. Jahrhunderts im muslimischen Spaniens, erläutert. Des Weiteren wird ein kurzer Einblick in das Leben zweier Dichter des Mittelalters gewährt: Der sizilianisch-arabische Dichter Ibn Ḥamdīs (ca. 1056–ca. 1133) und der spanisch-jüdische Dichter Moses ibn Ezra (1055–1138). Beide waren zur gleichen Zeit im muslimischen Spanien tätig und teilten das Schicksal der Flucht und des Exils. Unter Berücksichtigung der Exilsituation werden die Topoi Anrufung um Beistand und Erlösung sowie das verwandte Motiv des Heimwehs nach dem Vaterland durch eine komparative Analyse in Bezug auf andere andalusisch-jüdische und muslimische Dichter erörtert. Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-99645 SN - 978-3-86956-370-1 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 VL - 22 SP - 121 EP - 133 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zoref, Arye T1 - Journeys for God in Ṣūfī and Judeo Arabic Literature JF - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association of Jewish Studies [22 (2016)] = Muslim-Jewish Dialogue JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien [22 (2016)] = Muslim-Jewish Dialogue N2 - Das Konzept der drei Reisen als einen Weg zur spirituellen Entwicklung wurde von einem der Gründerväter der islamischen Mystik, Dhu al-Nun, eingeführt. Später wurde die Anwendung des Konzepts verfeinert, indem es mit der sufischen Technik verschiedene Präpositionen hinzuzufügen kombiniert wurde, um dadurch zwischen den spirituellen Stufen zu unterscheiden. Mit der Verwendung der Wörter Reise (Safar) und Gott (Allah) und dem Hinzufügen einer Präposition zum Wort Gott konnten sufische Schriftsteller die verschiedenen Wege zu Gott oder die Stationen (Maqamat) auf diesem Weg aufzeichnen. Ibn al-’Arabi spricht Anfang des dreizehnten Jahrhunderts von drei verschiedenen Wegen: von Gott, zu Gott und in Gott. Am Ende des dreizehnten Jahrhunderts spricht der jüdisch-arabische Bibelkommentator Tanchum ha-Yerushalmi von den drei Reisen als drei Stationen eines kontinuierlichen Weges. Eine nahezu identische Beschreibung ist eine Generation danach beim muslimischen Gelehrten Qayyim al-Jawziyya zu finden. Aus den drei Reisen werden im vierzehnten Jahrhundert in den Schriften des sufischen Schriftstellers al-Qashani vier, wobei das Schema der drei Präpositionen beibehalten wurde. Kurz vor dem Ende des vierzehnten Jahrhunderts sind in den Schriften von R. David ha-Nagid nur noch zwei Reisen zu finden: zu Gott und in Gott. All dies zeigt uns, dass uns die jüdisch-arabische Literatur dabei helfen kann die geschichtliche Entwicklung der sufischen Ideen genauer nachzuzeichnen. N2 - The concept of three journeys as a way to denote spiritual development was introduced by Dhu al-Nun, one of the founding fathers of Islamic mysticism. The use of this concept was later refined by combining it with the Sufi technique of adding different prepositions to a certain term, in order to differentiate between spiritual stages. By using the words journey (Safar) and God (Allah) and inserting a preposition before the word God, Sufi writers could map the different roads to God or the stations (Maqamat) on this road. Ibn al-'Arabi, in the beginning of the thirteenth century, speaks of three different ways: from God, toward God and in God. Tanchum ha-Yerushalmi, the Judeo Arabic biblical commentator from the end of this century, speaks of the three journeys as three stations of one continuous way. A nearly identical description we can find in the writing of the Muslim scholar Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, a generation later. Later in the fourteenth century, in the writing of the Sufi writer al-Qashani, the three travels become four, although the scheme of three prepositions is preserved. Near the end of the fourteenth century, in the writings of R. David ha-Nagid, we find only two journeys: to God and in God. All this tells us that Judeo Arabic literature can help us map with greater precision the historical development of Sufi ideas. Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-99635 SN - 978-3-86956-370-1 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 VL - 22 SP - 109 EP - 119 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Saritoprak, Zeki T1 - The Place of Moses in the Qurʼan and Its Significance for a Jewish-Muslim Dialogue JF - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association of Jewish Studies [22 (2016)] = Muslim-Jewish Dialogue JF - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien [22 (2016)] = Muslim-Jewish Dialogue N2 - Die Figur des Moses konstituiert eine wichtige Verbindung zwischen jüdischen und muslimischen Traditionen. Im islamischen Sinne ist Moses einer der fünf Hauptpropheten Gottes. Seine Geschichte bestimmt daher einen maßgeblichen Stellenwert im Koran und obwohl kleinere Unterschiede vorherrschen, ist es die koranische Geschichte des Moses, die die der Tora bestätigt. Sein Leben ist daher als Vorbild für Muslime zu sehen. Einzelne Elemente seiner Geschichte finden sich an verschiedenen Stellen des Korans; es ist jedoch das siebte Kapitel, welches das Leben Moses im Detail beschreibt. Der Text wird sich daher auf dieses Kapitel konzentrieren, da es jene Ereignisse im Leben des Moses beschreibt, die zum einen essentiell für Muslime und Juden sind und zum anderen die Signifikanz und Frömmigkeit des Moses aufzeigt. Auch bringt dieses Kapitel die Ähnlichkeiten des islamischen Moses und des jüdischen Moses zum Vorschein. Anhand einer Untersuchung der im Koran aufgeführten Ereignisse im Leben des Moses wird er zu einer Schlüsselfigur um Freundschaft, Harmonie und Frieden zwischen Juden und Muslime zu schaffen. Moses wird somit zum gemeinsamen Nenner um einen Dialog zwischen den beiden Religionen zu kreieren und ihrer Hingabe den ‚Einen Gott’ zu huldigen voran zu treiben. N2 - The figure of Moses constitutes an important link between Jewish and Muslim traditions. Muslims consider him to be one of the five elite prophets of God, his story therefore has a prominent place in the Qurʼan. While there are minor differences, the story of Moses found in the Qurʼan confirms the account of the Torah; the life of Moses thus is considered a model for all Muslims to follow. Though elements of his story are found throughout the Qurʼan, it is in chapter 7 where it is given in its greatest detail. As the focus point of this article, chapter 7 discusses many events in Mosesʼ life, which are important for both Muslims and Jews, and reveals his great importance and Godliness. It also demonstrates how truly similar Islamʼs Moses and Judaismʼs Moses are. Therefore, through an examination of the various elements of the story of Moses as found in the Qurʼan, this article will show how by following him, Jews and Muslims can come together in friendship, harmony and peace. Moses is the common ground on which Jews and Muslims can come together in order to open up a dialogue and further their shared commitment to the worship of the One God. Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-99581 SN - 978-3-86956-370-1 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 VL - 22 SP - 17 EP - 29 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reppert, Alexander von A1 - Puddell, J. A1 - Koc, A. A1 - Reinhardt, M. A1 - Leitenberger, Wolfram A1 - Dumesnil, K. A1 - Zamponi, Flavio A1 - Bargheer, Matias T1 - Persistent nonequilibrium dynamics of the thermal energies in the spin and phonon systems of an antiferromagnet JF - Structural dynamics N2 - We present a temperature and fluence dependent Ultrafast X-Ray Diffraction study of a laser-heated antiferromagnetic dysprosium thin film. The loss of antiferromagnetic order is evidenced by a pronounced lattice contraction. We devise a method to determine the energy flow between the phonon and spin system from calibrated Bragg peak positions in thermal equilibrium. Reestablishing the magnetic order is much slower than the cooling of the lattice, especially around the Néel temperature. Despite the pronounced magnetostriction, the transfer of energy from the spin system to the phonons in Dy is slow after the spin-order is lost. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4961253 SN - 2329-7778 VL - 3 PB - AIP Publishing LLC CY - Melville, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thieken, Annegret A1 - Bessel, Tina A1 - Kienzler, Sarah A1 - Kreibich, Heidi A1 - Müller, Meike A1 - Pisi, Sebastian A1 - Schröter, Kai T1 - The flood of June 2013 in Germany BT - how much do we know about its impacts? JF - National Hazards Earth System Science N2 - In June 2013, widespread flooding and consequent damage and losses occurred in Central Europe, especially in Germany. This paper explores what data are available to investigate the adverse impacts of the event, what kind of information can be retrieved from these data and how well data and information fulfil requirements that were recently proposed for disaster reporting on the European and international levels. In accordance with the European Floods Directive (2007/60/EC), impacts on human health, economic activities (and assets), cultural heritage and the environment are described on the national and sub-national scale. Information from governmental reports is complemented by communications on traffic disruptions and surveys of flood-affected residents and companies. Overall, the impacts of the flood event in 2013 were manifold. The study reveals that flood-affected residents suffered from a large range of impacts, among which mental health and supply problems were perceived more seriously than financial losses. The most frequent damage type among affected companies was business interruption. This demonstrates that the current scientific focus on direct (financial) damage is insufficient to describe the overall impacts and severity of flood events. The case further demonstrates that procedures and standards for impact data collection in Germany are widely missing. Present impact data in Germany are fragmentary, heterogeneous, incomplete and difficult to access. In order to fulfil, for example, the monitoring and reporting requirements of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 that was adopted in March 2015 in Sendai, Japan, more efforts on impact data collection are needed. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1519-2016 IS - 16 SP - 1519 EP - 1540 PB - Copernicus Publications CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bodrova, Anna S. A1 - Chechkin, Aleksei V. A1 - Cherstvy, Andrey G. A1 - Safdari, Hadiseh A1 - Sokolov, Igor M. A1 - Metzler, Ralf T1 - Underdamped scaled Brownian motion BT - (non-)existence of the overdamped limit in anomalous diffusion JF - Scientific reports N2 - It is quite generally assumed that the overdamped Langevin equation provides a quantitative description of the dynamics of a classical Brownian particle in the long time limit. We establish and investigate a paradigm anomalous diffusion process governed by an underdamped Langevin equation with an explicit time dependence of the system temperature and thus the diffusion and damping coefficients. We show that for this underdamped scaled Brownian motion (UDSBM) the overdamped limit fails to describe the long time behaviour of the system and may practically even not exist at all for a certain range of the parameter values. Thus persistent inertial effects play a non-negligible role even at significantly long times. From this study a general questions on the applicability of the overdamped limit to describe the long time motion of an anomalously diffusing particle arises, with profound consequences for the relevance of overdamped anomalous diffusion models. We elucidate our results in view of analytical and simulations results for the anomalous diffusion of particles in free cooling granular gases. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/srep30520 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 6 PB - Nature Publishing Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwanghart, Wolfgang A1 - Worni, Raphael A1 - Huggel, Christian A1 - Stoffel, Markus A1 - Korup, Oliver T1 - Uncertainty in the Himalayan energy–water nexus BT - estimating regional exposure to glacial lake outburst floods JF - Environmental research letters : ERL N2 - Himalayan water resources attract a rapidly growing number of hydroelectric power projects (HPP) to satisfy Asia's soaring energy demands. Yet HPP operating or planned in steep, glacier-fed mountain rivers face hazards of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) that can damage hydropower infrastructure, alter water and sediment yields, and compromise livelihoods downstream. Detailed appraisals of such GLOF hazards are limited to case studies, however, and a more comprehensive, systematic analysis remains elusive. To this end we estimate the regional exposure of 257 Himalayan HPP to GLOFs, using a flood-wave propagation model fed by Monte Carlo-derived outburst volumes of >2300 glacial lakes. We interpret the spread of thus modeled peak discharges as a predictive uncertainty that arises mainly from outburst volumes and dam-breach rates that are difficult to assess before dams fail. With 66% of sampled HPP are on potential GLOF tracks, up to one third of these HPP could experience GLOF discharges well above local design floods, as hydropower development continues to seek higher sites closer to glacial lakes. We compute that this systematic push of HPP into headwaters effectively doubles the uncertainty about GLOF peak discharge in these locations. Peak discharges farther downstream, in contrast, are easier to predict because GLOF waves attenuate rapidly. Considering this systematic pattern of regional GLOF exposure might aid the site selection of future Himalayan HPP. Our method can augment, and help to regularly update, current hazard assessments, given that global warming is likely changing the number and size of Himalayan meltwater lakes. KW - Himalayas KW - glacial hazards KW - glacial lake outburst floods KW - hydropower KW - water resources Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/7/074005 SN - 1748-9326 VL - 11 PB - IOP Publ. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhu, Fangjun A1 - Schlupp, Ingo A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph T1 - Sequence Evolution and Expression of the Androgen Receptor and Other Pathway-Related Genes in a Unisexual Fish, the Amazon Molly, Poecilia formosa, and Its Bisexual Ancestors JF - PLoS one N2 - The all-female Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa) originated from a single hybridization of two bisexual ancestors, Atlantic molly (Poecilia mexicana) and sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna). As a gynogenetic species, the Amazon molly needs to copulate with a heterospecific male, but the genetic information of the sperm-donor does not contribute to the next generation, as the sperm only acts as the trigger for the diploid eggs’ embryogenesis. Here, we study the sequence evolution and gene expression of the duplicated genes coding for androgen receptors (ars) and other pathway-related genes, i.e., the estrogen receptors (ers) and cytochrome P450, family19, subfamily A, aromatase genes (cyp19as), in the Amazon molly, in comparison to its bisexual ancestors. Mollies possess–as most other teleost fish—two copies of the ar, er, and cyp19a genes, i.e., arα/arβ, erα/erβ1, and cyp19a1 (also referred as cyp19a1a)/cyp19a2 (also referred to as cyp19a1b), respectively. Non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among the ancestral bisexual species were generally predicted not to alter protein function. Some derived substitutions in the P. mexicana and one in P. formosa are predicted to impact protein function. We also describe the gene expression pattern of the ars and pathway-related genes in various tissues (i.e., brain, gill, and ovary) and provide SNP markers for allele specific expression research. As a general tendency, the levels of gene expression were lowest in gill and highest in ovarian tissues, while expression levels in the brain were intermediate in most cases. Expression levels in P. formosa were conserved where expression did not differ between the two bisexual ancestors. In those cases where gene expression levels significantly differed between the bisexual species, P. formosa expression was always comparable to the higher expression level among the two ancestors. Interestingly, erβ1 was expressed neither in brain nor in gill in the analyzed three molly species, which implies a more important role of erα in the estradiol synthesis pathway in these tissues. Furthermore, our data suggest that interactions of steroid-signaling pathway genes differ across tissues, in particular the interactions of ars and cyp19as. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0156209 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 11 IS - 6 PB - PLoS CY - Lawrence, Kan. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meiling, Till Thomas A1 - Cywiński, Piotr J. A1 - Bald, Ilko T1 - White carbon: Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles with tunable quantum yield in a reproducible green synthesis JF - Scientific reports N2 - In this study, a new reliable, economic, and environmentally-friendly one-step synthesis is established to obtain carbon nanodots (CNDs) with well-defined and reproducible photoluminescence (PL) properties via the microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment of starch and Tris-acetate-EDTA (TAE) buffer as carbon sources. Three kinds of CNDs are prepared using different sets of above mentioned starting materials. The as-synthesized CNDs: C-CND (starch only), N-CND 1 (starch in TAE) and N-CND 2 (TAE only) exhibit highly homogenous PL and are ready to use without need for further purification. The CNDs are stable over a long period of time (>1 year) either in solution or as freeze-dried powder. Depending on starting material, CNDs with PL quantum yield (PLQY) ranging from less than 1% up to 28% are obtained. The influence of the precursor concentration, reaction time and type of additives on the optical properties (UV-Vis absorption, PL emission spectrum and PLQY) is carefully investigated, providing insight into the chemical processes that occur during CND formation. Remarkably, upon freeze-drying the initially brown CND-solution turns into a non-fluorescent white/slightly brown powder which recovers PL in aqueous solution and can potentially be applied as fluorescent marker in bio-imaging, as a reduction agent or as a photocatalyst. KW - Fluorescence spectroscopy KW - Nanoparticles KW - Synthesis and processing Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/srep28557 VL - 6 PB - Nature Publishing Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Erdmann, Julius T1 - Semiotics of Pictorial Signs on Social Networking Sites BT - Remarks on a Neglected Field of Study JF - Punctum : international journal of semiotics N2 - The paper aims at considering characteristics from one field of contemporary visual studies that has for a long time been neglected in academic research: Pictorial signs on Social Network Sites (SNS) are an outstanding class of semiotic resources that is greatly shaped by processes of technological and collective sign production and distribution. A brief examination of the scholarly research on the pragmatics and semiotics of pictorial signs on SNS shows that the heterogeneity of visual signs is often neglected and that it mostly concentrates on one aspect of these pictorial signs: their technological production or their purpose for individual self-disclosure. The paper therefore considers the semiosis of pictorial signs on SNS in a holistic perspective as one the one hand produced by individual and collective meaning making as well as on the other hand a product of technological framing. It therefore develops a techno-semiotic pragmatic account that takes into consideration both processes. Starting from a prominent class of pictorial signs on SNS during Tunisian Revolution, the Tunisian Flag graphics, the paper than shows that communicative and social interaction functions on the graphic interface of SNS (‘like’-function, sharing and commenting option) are not only directly inscribed into the pictorial frame, but also greatly influence the reading of a pictorial sign. The location of images on the SNS’ interface has an impact on its meaning and on the social functions of a pictorial sign, as profile pictures are directly linked to the online identity of the user. Through technological sign processing, the polysemy of the image is reduced. We therefore consider the images on the one hand as individual self-narratives and on the other as instances of SNS’ visual culture that brings out dominant visual codes but also allows social and political movements to spread. KW - Internet KW - Social Networking Sites KW - visual culture KW - socio-semiotics KW - Tunisian Revolution Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.18680/hss.2015.0003 SN - 2459-2943 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 26 EP - 42 PB - Hellenic Semiotic Society CY - Thessaloniki ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Antoniewicz, Franziska A1 - Brand, Ralf T1 - Dropping Out or Keeping Up? BT - Early-Dropouts, Late-Dropouts, and Maintainers Differ in Their Automatic Evaluations of Exercise Already before a 14-Week Exercise Course JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - The aim of this study was to examine how automatic evaluations of exercising (AEE) varied according to adherence to an exercise program. Eighty-eight participants (24.98 years ± 6.88; 51.1% female) completed a Brief-Implicit Association Task assessing their AEE, positive and negative associations to exercising at the beginning of a 3-month exercise program. Attendance data were collected for all participants and used in a cluster analysis of adherence patterns. Three different adherence patterns (52 maintainers, 16 early dropouts, 20 late dropouts; 40.91% overall dropouts) were detected using cluster analyses. Participants from these three clusters differed significantly with regard to their positive and negative associations to exercising before the first course meeting (η2p = 0.07). Discriminant function analyses revealed that positive associations to exercising was a particularly good discriminating factor. This is the first study to provide evidence of the differential impact of positive and negative associations on exercise behavior over the medium term. The findings contribute to theoretical understanding of evaluative processes from a dual-process perspective and may provide a basis for targeted interventions. KW - exercise adherence KW - automatic evaluations KW - BIAT KW - dropout KW - associations KW - affect Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00838 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 7 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thieken, Annegret A1 - Kienzler, Sarah A1 - Kreibich, Heidi A1 - Kuhlicke, Christian A1 - Kunz, Michael A1 - Mühr, Bernhard A1 - Müller, Meike A1 - Otto, Antje A1 - Petrow, Theresia A1 - Pisi, Sebastian A1 - Schröter, Kai T1 - Review of the flood risk management system in Germany after the major flood in 2013 JF - Ecology and society : E&S ; a journal of integrative science for resilience and sustainability N2 - Widespread flooding in June 2013 caused damage costs of €6 to 8 billion in Germany, and awoke many memories of the floods in August 2002, which resulted in total damage of €11.6 billion and hence was the most expensive natural hazard event in Germany up to now. The event of 2002 does, however, also mark a reorientation toward an integrated flood risk management system in Germany. Therefore, the flood of 2013 offered the opportunity to review how the measures that politics, administration, and civil society have implemented since 2002 helped to cope with the flood and what still needs to be done to achieve effective and more integrated flood risk management. The review highlights considerable improvements on many levels, in particular (1) an increased consideration of flood hazards in spatial planning and urban development, (2) comprehensive property-level mitigation and preparedness measures, (3) more effective flood warnings and improved coordination of disaster response, and (4) a more targeted maintenance of flood defense systems. In 2013, this led to more effective flood management and to a reduction of damage. Nevertheless, important aspects remain unclear and need to be clarified. This particularly holds for balanced and coordinated strategies for reducing and overcoming the impacts of flooding in large catchments, cross-border and interdisciplinary cooperation, the role of the general public in the different phases of flood risk management, as well as a transparent risk transfer system. Recurring flood events reveal that flood risk management is a continuous task. Hence, risk drivers, such as climate change, land-use changes, economic developments, or demographic change and the resultant risks must be investigated at regular intervals, and risk reduction strategies and processes must be reassessed as well as adapted and implemented in a dialogue with all stakeholders. KW - August 2002 flood KW - Central Europe KW - Floods Directive KW - governance KW - June 2013 flood KW - risk management cycle Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-08547-210251 SN - 1708-3087 SN - 1195-5449 VL - 21 IS - 2 PB - Resilience Alliance CY - Wolfville, NS ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Batsios, Petros A1 - Ren, Xiang A1 - Baumann, Otto A1 - Larochelle, Denis A. A1 - Gräf, Ralph T1 - Src1 is a Protein of the Inner Nuclear Membrane Interacting with the Dictyostelium Lamin NE81 JF - Cells N2 - The nuclear envelope (NE) consists of the outer and inner nuclear membrane (INM), whereby the latter is bound to the nuclear lamina. Src1 is a Dictyostelium homologue of the helix-extension-helix family of proteins, which also includes the human lamin-binding protein MAN1. Both endogenous Src1 and GFP-Src1 are localized to the NE during the entire cell cycle. Immuno-electron microscopy and light microscopy after differential detergent treatment indicated that Src1 resides in the INM. FRAP experiments with GFP-Src1 cells suggested that at least a fraction of the protein could be stably engaged in forming the nuclear lamina together with the Dictyostelium lamin NE81. Both a BioID proximity assay and mis-localization of soluble, truncated mRFP-Src1 at cytosolic clusters consisting of an intentionally mis-localized mutant of GFP-NE81 confirmed an interaction of Src1 and NE81. Expression GFP-Src11–646, a fragment C-terminally truncated after the first transmembrane domain, disrupted interaction of nuclear membranes with the nuclear lamina, as cells formed protrusions of the NE that were dependent on cytoskeletal pulling forces. Protrusions were dependent on intact microtubules but not actin filaments. Our results indicate that Src1 is required for integrity of the NE and highlight Dictyostelium as a promising model for the evolution of nuclear architecture. KW - Dictyostelium KW - lamin KW - nuclear lamina KW - nucleus KW - nucleolus KW - HeH-protein KW - LEM-domain protein Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/cells5010013 SN - 2073-4409 VL - 5 IS - 1 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beurskens, Rainer A1 - Haeger, Matthias A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold A1 - Roecker, Kai A1 - Granacher, Urs T1 - Postural Control in Dual-Task Situations BT - Does Whole-Body Fatigue Matter? JF - PLoS one N2 - Postural control is important to cope with demands of everyday life. It has been shown that both attentional demand (i.e., cognitive processing) and fatigue affect postural control in young adults. However, their combined effect is still unresolved. Therefore, we investigated the effects of fatigue on single- (ST) and dual-task (DT) postural control. Twenty young subjects (age: 23.7 ± 2.7) performed an all-out incremental treadmill protocol. After each completed stage, one-legged-stance performance on a force platform under ST (i.e., one-legged-stance only) and DT conditions (i.e., one-legged-stance while subtracting serial 3s) was registered. On a second test day, subjects conducted the same balance tasks for the control condition (i.e., non-fatigued). Results showed that heart rate, lactate, and ventilation increased following fatigue (all p < 0.001; d = 4.2–21). Postural sway and sway velocity increased during DT compared to ST (all p < 0.001; d = 1.9–2.0) and fatigued compared to non-fatigued condition (all p < 0.001; d = 3.3–4.2). In addition, postural control deteriorated with each completed stage during the treadmill protocol (all p < 0.01; d = 1.9–3.3). The addition of an attention-demanding interference task did not further impede one-legged-stance performance. Although both additional attentional demand and physical fatigue affected postural control in healthy young adults, there was no evidence for an overadditive effect (i.e., fatigue-related performance decrements in postural control were similar under ST and DT conditions). Thus, attentional resources were sufficient to cope with the DT situations in the fatigue condition of this experiment. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147392 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - PLoS CY - Lawrence, Kan. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heistermann, Maik A1 - Collis, Scott A1 - Dixon, M. J. A1 - Helmus, J. J. A1 - Henja, A. A1 - Michelson, D. B. A1 - Pfaff, Thomas T1 - An Open Virtual Machine for Cross-Platform Weather Radar Science JF - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society : BAMS N2 - In a recent BAMS article, it is argued that community-based Open Source Software (OSS) could foster scientific progress in weather radar research, and make weather radar software more affordable, flexible, transparent, sustainable, and interoperable. Nevertheless, it can be challenging for potential developers and users to realize these benefits: tools are often cumbersome to install; different operating systems may have particular issues, or may not be supported at all; and many tools have steep learning curves. To overcome some of these barriers, we present an open, community-based virtual machine (VM). This VM can be run on any operating system, and guarantees reproducibility of results across platforms. It contains a suite of independent OSS weather radar tools (BALTRAD, Py-ART, wradlib, RSL, and Radx), and a scientific Python stack. Furthermore, it features a suite of recipes that work out of the box and provide guidance on how to use the different OSS tools alone and together. The code to build the VM from source is hosted on GitHub, which allows the VM to grow with its community. We argue that the VM presents another step toward Open (Weather Radar) Science. It can be used as a quick way to get started, for teaching, or for benchmarking and combining different tools. It can foster the idea of reproducible research in scientific publishing. Being scalable and extendable, it might even allow for real-time data processing. We expect the VM to catalyze progress toward interoperability, and to lower the barrier for new users and developers, thus extending the weather radar community and user base. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00220.1 SN - 0003-0007 SN - 1520-0477 VL - 96 SP - 1641 EP - 1645 PB - American Meteorological Society CY - Boston ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kormann, C. A1 - Francke, Till A1 - Renner, M. A1 - Bronstert, Axel T1 - Attribution of high resolution streamflow trends in Western Austria BT - an approach based on climate and discharge station data JF - Hydrology and earth system sciences N2 - The results of streamflow trend studies are often characterized by mostly insignificant trends and inexplicable spatial patterns. In our study region, Western Austria, this applies especially for trends of annually averaged runoff. However, analysing the altitudinal aspect, we found that there is a trend gradient from higher-altitude to lower-altitude stations, i.e. a pattern of mostly positive annual trends at higher stations and negative ones at lower stations. At midaltitudes, the trends are mostly insignificant. Here we hypothesize that the streamflow trends are caused by the following two main processes: on the one hand, melting glaciers produce excess runoff at higher-altitude watersheds. On the other hand, rising temperatures potentially alter hydrological conditions in terms of less snowfall, higher infiltration, enhanced evapotranspiration, etc., which in turn results in decreasing streamflow trends at lower-altitude watersheds. However, these patterns are masked at mid-altitudes because the resulting positive and negative trends balance each other. To support these hypotheses, we attempted to attribute the detected trends to specific causes. For this purpose, we analysed trends of filtered daily streamflow data, as the causes for these changes might be restricted to a smaller temporal scale than the annual one. This allowed for the explicit determination of the exact days of year (DOYs) when certain streamflow trends emerge, which were then linked with the corresponding DOYs of the trends and characteristic dates of other observed variables, e.g. the average DOY when temperature crosses the freezing point in spring. Based on these analyses, an empirical statistical model was derived that was able to simulate daily streamflow trends sufficiently well. Analyses of subdaily streamflow changes provided additional insights. Finally, the present study supports many modelling approaches in the literature which found out that the main drivers of alpine streamflow changes are increased glacial melt, earlier snowmelt and lower snow accumulation in wintertime. KW - alpine KW - catchments KW - impacts KW - regimes KW - seasonality KW - snow KW - switzerland KW - temperature KW - time-series KW - variability Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1225-2015 SN - 1607-7938 SN - 1027-5606 VL - 19 SP - 1225 EP - 1245 PB - EGU CY - Katlenburg-Lindau ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lobmaier, Janek S. A1 - Fischer, Martin H. T1 - Facial Feedback Affects Perceived Intensity but Not Quality of Emotional Expressions JF - Brain Sciences N2 - Motivated by conflicting evidence in the literature, we re-assessed the role of facial feedback when detecting quantitative or qualitative changes in others’ emotional expressions. Fifty-three healthy adults observed self-paced morph sequences where the emotional facial expression either changed quantitatively (i.e., sad-to-neutral, neutral-to-sad, happy-to-neutral, neutral-to-happy) or qualitatively (i.e. from sad to happy, or from happy to sad). Observers held a pen in their own mouth to induce smiling or frowning during the detection task. When morph sequences started or ended with neutral expressions we replicated a congruency effect: Happiness was perceived longer and sooner while smiling; sadness was perceived longer and sooner while frowning. Interestingly, no such congruency effects occurred for transitions between emotional expressions. These results suggest that facial feedback is especially useful when evaluating the intensity of a facial expression, but less so when we have to recognize which emotion our counterpart is expressing. KW - embodied cognition KW - emotional expression KW - emotion recognition KW - facial feedback KW - face morphing Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci5030357 SN - 2076-3425 VL - 5 IS - 3 SP - 357 EP - 368 PB - MDPI AG CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kappel, Christian A1 - Trost, Gerda A1 - Czesnick, Hjördis A1 - Ramming, Anna A1 - Kolbe, Benjamin A1 - Vi, Son Lang A1 - Bispo, Cláudia A1 - Becker, Jörg D. A1 - de Moor, Cornelia A1 - Lenhard, Michael T1 - Genome-Wide Analysis of PAPS1-Dependent Polyadenylation Identifies Novel Roles for Functionally Specialized Poly(A) Polymerases in Arabidopsis thaliana JF - PLoS Genetics : a peer-reviewed, open-access journal N2 - The poly(A) tail at 3’ ends of eukaryotic mRNAs promotes their nuclear export, stability and translational efficiency, and changes in its length can strongly impact gene expression. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes three canonical nuclear poly(A) polymerases, PAPS1, PAPS2 and PAPS4. As shown by their different mutant phenotypes, these three isoforms are functionally specialized, with PAPS1 modifying organ growth and suppressing a constitutive immune response. However, the molecular basis of this specialization is largely unknown. Here, we have estimated poly(A)-tail lengths on a transcriptome-wide scale in wild-type and paps1 mutants. This identified categories of genes as particularly strongly affected in paps1 mutants, including genes encoding ribosomal proteins, cell-division factors and major carbohydrate-metabolic proteins. We experimentally verified two novel functions of PAPS1 in ribosome biogenesis and redox homoeostasis that were predicted based on the analysis of poly(A)-tail length changes in paps1 mutants. When overlaying the PAPS1-dependent effects observed here with coexpression analysis based on independent microarray data, the two clusters of transcripts that are most closely coexpressed with PAPS1 show the strongest change in poly(A)-tail length and transcript abundance in paps1 mutants in our analysis. This suggests that their coexpression reflects at least partly the preferential polyadenylation of these transcripts by PAPS1 versus the other two poly(A)-polymerase isoforms. Thus, transcriptome-wide analysis of poly(A)-tail lengths identifies novel biological functions and likely target transcripts for polyadenylation by PAPS1. Data integration with large-scale co-expression data suggests that changes in the relative activities of the isoforms are used as an endogenous mechanism to co-ordinately modulate plant gene expression. KW - messenger-rna polyadenylation KW - differential expression analysis KW - gene-expression KW - tail-length KW - cytoplasmic polyadenylation KW - poly(a)-binding protein KW - translational control KW - comprehensive analysis KW - specificity factor KW - mammalian-cells Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005474 SN - 1553-7390 SN - 1553-7404 VL - 11 IS - 8 PB - Public Library of Science CY - San Francisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kumar, Kevin K. A1 - Goodwin, Cody R. A1 - Uhouse, Michael A. A1 - Bornhorst, Julia A1 - Schwerdtle, Tanja A1 - Aschner, Michael A. A1 - McLean, John A. A1 - Bowman, Aaron B. T1 - Untargeted metabolic profiling identifies interactions between Huntington's disease and neuronal manganese status JF - Metallomics N2 - Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient for development and function of the nervous system. Deficiencies in Mn transport have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease (HD), an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of medium spiny neurons of the striatum. Brain Mn levels are highest in striatum and other basal ganglia structures, the most sensitive brain regions to Mn neurotoxicity. Mouse models of HD exhibit decreased striatal Mn accumulation and HD striatal neuron models are resistant to Mn cytotoxicity. We hypothesized that the observed modulation of Mn cellular transport is associated with compensatory metabolic responses to HD pathology. Here we use an untargeted metabolomics approach by performing ultraperformance liquid chromatography-ion mobility-mass spectrometry (UPLC-IM-MS) on control and HD immortalized mouse striatal neurons to identify metabolic disruptions under three Mn exposure conditions, low (vehicle), moderate (non-cytotoxic) and high (cytotoxic). Our analysis revealed lower metabolite levels of pantothenic acid, and glutathione (GSH) in HD striatal cells relative to control cells. HD striatal cells also exhibited lower abundance and impaired induction of isobutyryl carnitine in response to increasing Mn exposure. In addition, we observed induction of metabolites in the pentose shunt pathway in HD striatal cells after high Mn exposure. These findings provide metabolic evidence of an interaction between the HD genotype and biologically relevant levels of Mn in a striatal cell model with known HD by Mn exposure interactions. The metabolic phenotypes detected support existing hypotheses that changes in energetic processes underlie the pathobiology of both HD and Mn neurotoxicity. KW - hallervorden-spatz-syndrome KW - mobility-mass spectrometry KW - energy-metabolism KW - coenzyme-a KW - model KW - neurotoxicity KW - glutathione KW - database KW - cells KW - neurodegeneration Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/C4MT00223G SN - 1756-591X SN - 1756-5901 VL - 7 SP - 363 EP - 370 PB - RSC Publ. CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cherstvy, Andrey G. A1 - Metzler, Ralf T1 - Anomalous diffusion in time-fluctuating non-stationary diffusivity landscapes JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : PCCP ; a journal of European chemical societies N2 - We investigate the ensemble and time averaged mean squared displacements for particle diffusion in a simple model for disordered media by assuming that the local diffusivity is both fluctuating in time and has a deterministic average growth or decay in time. In this study we compare computer simulations of the stochastic Langevin equation for this random diffusion process with analytical results. We explore the regimes of normal Brownian motion as well as anomalous diffusion in the sub- and superdiffusive regimes. We also consider effects of the inertial term on the particle motion. The investigation of the resulting diffusion is performed for unconfined and confined motion. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CP03101C SN - 1463-9084 SN - 1463-9076 VL - 18 SP - 23840 EP - 23852 PB - RSC Publ. CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ghosh, Surya K. A1 - Cherstvy, Andrey G. A1 - Petrov, Eugene P. A1 - Metzler, Ralf T1 - Interactions of rod-like particles on responsive elastic sheets JF - Soft matter N2 - What are the physical laws of the mutual interactions of objects bound to cell membranes, such as various membrane proteins or elongated virus particles? To rationalise this, we here investigate by extensive computer simulations mutual interactions of rod-like particles adsorbed on the surface of responsive elastic two-dimensional sheets. Specifically, we quantify sheet deformations as a response to adhesion of such filamentous particles. We demonstrate that tip-to-tip contacts of rods are favoured for relatively soft sheets, while side-by-side contacts are preferred for stiffer elastic substrates. These attractive orientation-dependent substrate-mediated interactions between the rod-like particles on responsive sheets can drive their aggregation and self-assembly. The optimal orientation of the membrane-bound rods is established via responding to the elastic energy profiles created around the particles. We unveil the phase diagramme of attractive–repulsive rod–rod interactions in the plane of their separation and mutual orientation. Applications of our results to other systems featuring membrane-associated particles are also discussed. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/C6SM01522K SN - 1744-6848 SN - 1744-683X PB - RSC CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Doriti, Afroditi A1 - Brosnan, Sarah M. A1 - Weidner, Steffen M. A1 - Schlaad, Helmut T1 - Synthesis of polysarcosine from air and moisture stable N-phenoxycarbonyl-N-methylglycine assisted by tertiary amine base JF - Polymer Chemistry N2 - Polysarcosine (Mn = 3650–20 000 g mol−1, Đ ∼ 1.1) was synthesized from the air and moisture stable N-phenoxycarbonyl-N-methylglycine. Polymerization was achieved by in situ transformation of the urethane precursor into the corresponding N-methylglycine-N-carboxyanhydride, when in the presence of a non-nucleophilic tertiary amine base and a primary amine initiator. KW - ring-opening polymerization KW - activated urethane derivatives KW - phosgene-free synthesis KW - carboxyanhydrides KW - polypeptides KW - acids KW - copolymers Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/C6PY00221H SN - 1759-9954 SN - 1759-9962 VL - 7 SP - 3067 EP - 3070 PB - RSC Publ. CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Olejko, Lydia A1 - Cywiński, Piotr J. A1 - Bald, Ilko T1 - An ion-controlled four-color fluorescent telomeric switch on DNA origami structures JF - Nanoscale N2 - The folding of single-stranded telomeric DNA into guanine (G) quadruplexes is a conformational change that plays a major role in sensing and drug targeting. The telomeric DNA can be placed on DNA origami nanostructures to make the folding process extremely selective for K+ ions even in the presence of high Na+ concentrations. Here, we demonstrate that the K+-selective G-quadruplex formation is reversible when using a cryptand to remove K+ from the G-quadruplex. We present a full characterization of the reversible switching between single-stranded telomeric DNA and G-quadruplex structures using Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the dyes fluorescein (FAM) and cyanine3 (Cy3). When attached to the DNA origami platform, the G-quadruplex switch can be incorporated into more complex photonic networks, which is demonstrated for a three-color and a four-color FRET cascade from FAM over Cy3 and Cy5 to IRDye700 with G-quadruplex-Cy3 acting as a switchable transmitter. KW - resonance energy-transfer KW - g-quadruplex KW - quantum dots KW - strand breakage KW - photonic wires KW - 3-color fret KW - nanostructures KW - recognition KW - sensitivity KW - assemblies Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/C6NR00119J SN - 2040-3372 SN - 2040-3364 VL - 8 SP - 10339 EP - 10347 PB - RSC Publ. CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Niedl, Robert Raimund A1 - Berenstein, Igal A1 - Beta, Carsten T1 - How imperfect mixing and differential diffusion accelerate the rate of nonlinear reactions in microfluidic channels JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : PCCP ; a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - In this paper, we show experimentally that inside a microfluidic device, where the reactants are segregated, the reaction rate of an autocatalytic clock reaction is accelerated in comparison to the case where all the reactants are well mixed. We also find that, when mixing is enhanced inside the microfluidic device by introducing obstacles into the flow, the clock reaction becomes slower in comparison to the device where mixing is less efficient. Based on numerical simulations, we show that this effect can be explained by the interplay of nonlinear reaction kinetics (cubic autocatalysis) and differential diffusion, where the autocatalytic species diffuses slower than the substrate. KW - arsenious acid KW - systems KW - poly(dimethylsiloxane) KW - fronts KW - scale KW - paper Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cp00224b SN - 1463-9076 SN - 1463-9084 VL - 18 SP - 6451 EP - 6457 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Keir, Jonathan T1 - Through Christendom and Beyond BT - Andrei Tarkovsky and the Global Ethic Project JF - Andrej Tarkovskij: Klassiker – Классик – Classic – Classico : Beiträge zum internationalen Tarkovskij-Symposium an der Universität Potsdam ; Band 1 Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-95618 SN - 978-3-86956-351-0 SP - 237 EP - 254 PB - Uiversitä Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Efird, Robert T1 - Beyond the Crystal-Image BT - Perception and Temporality in Tarkovsky’s Early Films JF - Andrej Tarkovskij: Klassiker – Классик – Classic – Classico : Beiträge zum internationalen Tarkovskij-Symposium an der Universität Potsdam ; Band 1 Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-95626 SN - 978-3-86956-351-0 SP - 255 EP - 265 PB - Universität Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dulgheru, Elena T1 - A Conjunction of Mysteries BT - Tarkovskij’s Off ret and da Vinci’s Adoraz ione dei magi JF - Andrej Tarkovskij: Klassiker – Классик – Classic – Classico : Beiträge zum internationalen Tarkovskij-Symposium an der Universität Potsdam ; Band 1 Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-95594 SN - 978-3-86956-351-0 SP - 201 EP - 214 PB - Universität Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Synessios, Natasha T1 - Andrei Tarkovsky – Self, World, Flesh JF - Andrej Tarkovskij: Klassiker – Классик – Classic – Classico : Beiträge zum internationalen Tarkovskij-Symposium an der Universität Potsdam ; Band 1 Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-95532 SN - 978-3-86956-351-0 SP - 65 EP - 83 PB - Universität Potsdam CY - Posdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinzel, Stephan A1 - Lawrence, Jimmy B. A1 - Kallies, Gunnar A1 - Rapp, Michael A. A1 - Heissel, Andreas T1 - Using Exercise to Fight Depression in Older Adults BT - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis JF - GeroPsych : the journal of gerontopsychology and geriatric psychiatry N2 - Depression is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder in the general population. Despite a large demand for efficient treatment options, the majority of older depressed adults does not receive adequate treatment: Additional low-threshold treatments are needed for this age group. Over the past two decades, a growing number of randomized controlled trials (RCT) have been conducted, testing the efficacy of physical exercise in the alleviation of depression in older adults. This meta-analysis systematically reviews and evaluates these studies; some subanalyses testing specific effects of different types of exercise and settings are also performed. In order to be included, exercise programs of the RCTs had to fulfill the criteria of exercise according to the American College of Sports Medicine, including a sample mean age of 60 or above and an increased level of depressive symptoms. Eighteen trials with 1,063 participants fulfilled our inclusion criteria. A comparison of the posttreatment depression scores between the exercise and control groups revealed a moderate effect size in favor of the exercise groups (standardized mean difference (SMD) of –0.68, p < .001). The effect was comparable to the results achieved when only the eleven trials with low risk of bias were included (SMD = –0.63, p < .001). The subanalyses showed significant effects for all types of exercise and for supervised interventions. The results of this meta-analysis suggest that physical exercise may serve as a feasible, additional intervention to fight depression in older adults. However, because of small sample sizes of the majority of individual trials and high statistical heterogeneity, results must be interpreted carefully. KW - depression KW - exercise KW - older adults KW - meta-analysis KW - review Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/a000133 SN - 1662-9647 SN - 1662-971X VL - 28 SP - 149 EP - 162 PB - Hogrefe CY - Cambridge, Mass. ; Göttingen [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Muiño, Jose M. A1 - de Bruijn, Suzanne A1 - Pajoro, Alice A1 - Geuten, Koen A1 - Vingron, Martin A1 - Angenent, Gerco C. A1 - Kaufmann, Kerstin T1 - Evolution of DNA-Binding Sites of a Floral Master Regulatory Transcription Factor JF - Molecular biology and evolution : MBE N2 - lower development is controlled by the action of key regulatory transcription factors of the MADS-domain family. The function of these factors appears to be highly conserved among species based on mutant phenotypes. However, the conservation of their downstream processes is much less well understood, mostly because the evolutionary turnover and variation of their DNA-binding sites (BSs) among plant species have not yet been experimentally determined. Here, we performed comparative ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation)-seq experiments of the MADS-domain transcription factor SEPALLATA3 (SEP3) in two closely related Arabidopsis species: Arabidopsis thaliana and A. lyrata which have very similar floral organ morphology. We found that BS conservation is associated with DNA sequence conservation, the presence of the CArG-box BS motif and on the relative position of the BS to its potential target gene. Differences in genome size and structure can explain that SEP3 BSs in A. lyrata can be located more distantly to their potential target genes than their counterparts in A. thaliana. In A. lyrata, we identified transposition as a mechanism to generate novel SEP3 binding locations in the genome. Comparative gene expression analysis shows that the loss/gain of BSs is associated with a change in gene expression. In summary, this study investigates the evolutionary dynamics of DNA BSs of a floral key-regulatory transcription factor and explores factors affecting this phenomenon. KW - MADS-domain transcription factor KW - plant development KW - cis-regulatory evolution Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msv210 SN - 1537-1719 SN - 0737-4038 VL - 33 IS - 1 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kopyshev, Alexey A1 - Lomadze, Nino A1 - Feldman, David A1 - Genzer, Jan A1 - Santer, Svetlana T1 - Making polymer brush photosensitive with azobenzene containing surfactants JF - Polymer : the international journal for the science and technology of polymers N2 - We report on rendering polyelectrolyte brushes photosensitive by loading them with azobenzene-containing cationic surfactants. Planar poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) brushes are synthesized using the “grafting from” free-radical polymerization scheme followed by exposure to a solution of photosensitive surfactants consisting of positively-charged head groups and hydrophobic tails into which azobenzene moieties are inserted. In this study the length of the hydrophobic methylene spacer connecting the azobenzene and the charged head group ranges from 4 to 10 CH2 groups. Under irradiation with UV light, the photo-isomerization of azobenzene integrated into a surfactant results in a change in size, geometry, dipole moment and free volume of the whole molecule. When the brush loaded with photosensitive surfactants is exposed to irradiation with UV interference patterns, the topography of the brush deforms following the distribution of the light intensity, exhibiting surface relief gratings (SRG). Since SRG formation is accompanied by a local rupturing of polymer chains in areas from which the polymer material is receding, most of the polymer material is removed from the surface during treatment with good solvent, leaving behind characteristic patterns of lines or dots. The azobenzene molecules still integrated within the polymer film can be removed by washing the brush with water. The remaining nano-structured brush can then be re-used for further functionalization. Although the opto-mechanically induced rupturing occurs for all surfactants, larger species do not penetrate deep enough into the brush such that after rupturing a leftover layer of polymer material remains on the substrate. This indicates that rupturing occurs predominantly in regions of high surfactant density. KW - Azobenzene containing cationic surfactants KW - Photosensitive polymer brushes KW - Opto-mechanically induced scission of polymer chains Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2015.09.023 SN - 0032-3861 VL - 79 SP - 65 EP - 72 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sicard, Adrien A1 - Kappel, Christian A1 - Josephs, Emily B. A1 - Wha Lee, Young A1 - Marona, Cindy A1 - Stinchcombe, John R. A1 - Wright, Stephen I. A1 - Lenhard, Michael T1 - Divergent sorting of a balanced ancestral polymorphism underlies the establishment of gene-flow barriers in Capsella JF - Nature Communications N2 - In the Bateson–Dobzhansky–Muller model of genetic incompatibilities post-zygotic gene-flow barriers arise by fixation of novel alleles at interacting loci in separated populations. Many such incompatibilities are polymorphic in plants, implying an important role for genetic drift or balancing selection in their origin and evolution. Here we show that NPR1 and RPP5 loci cause a genetic incompatibility between the incipient species Capsella grandiflora and C. rubella, and the more distantly related C. rubella and C. orientalis. The incompatible RPP5 allele results from a mutation in C. rubella, while the incompatible NPR1 allele is frequent in the ancestral C. grandiflora. Compatible and incompatible NPR1 haplotypes are maintained by balancing selection in C. grandiflora, and were divergently sorted into the derived C. rubella and C. orientalis. Thus, by maintaining differentiated alleles at high frequencies, balancing selection on ancestral polymorphisms can facilitate establishing gene-flow barriers between derived populations through lineage sorting of the alternative alleles. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8960 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 6 PB - Nature Publishing Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Valente, Luis M. A1 - Phillimore, Albert B. A1 - Etienne, Rampal S. T1 - Equilibrium and non-equilibrium dynamics simultaneously operate in the Galápagos islands JF - Ecology letters N2 - Island biotas emerge from the interplay between colonisation, speciation and extinction and are often the scene of spectacular adaptive radiations. A common assumption is that insular diversity is at a dynamic equilibrium, but for remote islands, such as Hawaii or Galápagos, this idea remains untested. Here, we reconstruct the temporal accumulation of terrestrial bird species of the Galápagos using a novel phylogenetic method that estimates rates of biota assembly for an entire community. We show that species richness on the archipelago is in an ascending phase and does not tend towards equilibrium. The majority of the avifauna diversifies at a slow rate, without detectable ecological limits. However, Darwin's finches form an exception: they rapidly reach a carrying capacity and subsequently follow a coalescent-like diversification process. Together, these results suggest that avian diversity of remote islands is rising, and challenge the mutual exclusivity of the non-equilibrium and equilibrium ecological paradigms. KW - Community assembly KW - diversification KW - dynamic equilibrium KW - island biogeography KW - phylogeny Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12461 SN - 1461-0248 SN - 1461-023X VL - 18 SP - 844 EP - 852 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Schellbach, Jörg A1 - Klein, Katja A1 - Prieske, Olaf A1 - Baeyens, Jean-Pierre A1 - Mühlbauer, Thomas T1 - Effects of core strength training using stable versus unstable surfaces on physical fitness in adolescents BT - a randomized controlled trial JF - BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation N2 - Background It has been demonstrated that core strength training is an effective means to enhance trunk muscle strength (TMS) and proxies of physical fitness in youth. Of note, cross-sectional studies revealed that the inclusion of unstable elements in core strengthening exercises produced increases in trunk muscle activity and thus provide potential extra training stimuli for performance enhancement. Thus, utilizing unstable surfaces during core strength training may even produce larger performance gains. However, the effects of core strength training using unstable surfaces are unresolved in youth. This randomized controlled study specifically investigated the effects of core strength training performed on stable surfaces (CSTS) compared to unstable surfaces (CSTU) on physical fitness in school-aged children. Methods Twenty-seven (14 girls, 13 boys) healthy subjects (mean age: 14 ± 1 years, age range: 13–15 years) were randomly assigned to a CSTS (n = 13) or a CSTU (n = 14) group. Both training programs lasted 6 weeks (2 sessions/week) and included frontal, dorsal, and lateral core exercises. During CSTU, these exercises were conducted on unstable surfaces (e.g., TOGU© DYNAIR CUSSIONS, THERA-BAND© STABILITY TRAINER). Results Significant main effects of Time (pre vs. post) were observed for the TMS tests (8-22%, f = 0.47-0.76), the jumping sideways test (4-5%, f = 1.07), and the Y balance test (2-3%, f = 0.46-0.49). Trends towards significance were found for the standing long jump test (1-3%, f = 0.39) and the stand-and-reach test (0-2%, f = 0.39). We could not detect any significant main effects of Group. Significant Time x Group interactions were detected for the stand-and-reach test in favour of the CSTU group (2%, f = 0.54). Conclusions Core strength training resulted in significant increases in proxies of physical fitness in adolescents. However, CSTU as compared to CSTS had only limited additional effects (i.e., stand-and-reach test). Consequently, if the goal of training is to enhance physical fitness, then CSTU has limited advantages over CSTS. KW - Resistance training KW - Trunk muscle strength KW - Physical fitness Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-1847-6-40 SN - 2052-1847 VL - 6 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Matijević, Tijana T1 - National, post-national, transnational BT - Is post-Yugoslav literature an arguable or promising field of study? JF - Grenzräume – Grenzbewegungen : Ergebnisse der Arbeitstreffen des Jungen Forums Slavistische Literaturwissenschaft in Basel 2013 und Frankfurt (Oder) und Słubice 2014 ; Bd. 1 Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-92573 SN - 978-3-86956-358-9 VL - 1 SP - 101 EP - 112 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lis, Monika ED - Lambrecht, Anna-Lena ED - Margaria, Tiziana T1 - Constructing a Phylogenetic Tree JF - Process Design for Natural Scientists: an agile model-driven approach N2 - In this project I constructed a workflow that takes a DNA sequence as input and provides a phylogenetic tree, consisting of the input sequence and other sequences which were found during a database search. In this phylogenetic tree the sequences are arranged depending on similarities. In bioinformatics, constructing phylogenetic trees is often used to explore the evolutionary relationships of genes or organisms and to understand the mechanisms of evolution itself. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-662-45005-5 SN - 1865-0929 IS - 500 SP - 101 EP - 109 PB - Springer Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hibbe, Marcel ED - Lambrecht, Anna-Lena ED - Margaria, Tiziana T1 - Spotlocator - Guess Where the Photo Was Taken! JF - Process Design for Natural Scientists: an agile model-driven approach N2 - Spotlocator is a game wherein people have to guess the spots of where photos were taken. The photos of a defined area for each game are from panoramio.com. They are published at http://spotlocator. drupalgardens.com with an ID. Everyone can guess the photo spots by sending a special tweet via Twitter that contains the hashtag #spotlocator, the guessed coordinates and the ID of the photo. An evaluation is published for all tweets. The players are informed about the distance to the real photo spots and the positions are shown on a map. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-662-45005-5 SN - 1865-0929 IS - 500 SP - 149 EP - 160 PB - Springer Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vierheller, Janine ED - Lambrecht, Anna-Lena ED - Margaria, Tiziana T1 - Exploratory Data Analysis JF - Process Design for Natural Scientists: an agile model-driven approach N2 - In bioinformatics the term exploratory data analysis refers to different methods to get an overview of large biological data sets. Hence, it helps to create a framework for further analysis and hypothesis testing. The workflow facilitates this first important step of the data analysis created by high-throughput technologies. The results are different plots showing the structure of the measurements. The goal of the workflow is the automatization of the exploratory data analysis, but also the flexibility should be guaranteed. The basic tool is the free software R. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-662-45005-5 SN - 1865-0929 IS - 500 SP - 110 EP - 126 PB - Axel Springer Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reso, Judith ED - Lambrecht, Anna-Lena ED - Margaria, Tiziana T1 - Protein Classification Workflow JF - Process Design for Natural Scientists: an agile model-driven approach N2 - The protein classification workflow described in this report enables users to get information about a novel protein sequence automatically. The information is derived by different bioinformatic analysis tools which calculate or predict features of a protein sequence. Also, databases are used to compare the novel sequence with known proteins. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-662-45005-5 SN - 1865-0929 IS - 500 SP - 65 EP - 72 PB - Springer Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lamprecht, Anna-Lena A1 - Wickert, Alexander A1 - Margaria, Tiziana ED - Lambrecht, Anna-Lena ED - Margaria, Tiziana T1 - Lessons Learned JF - Process Design for Natural Scientists: an agile model-driven approach N2 - This chapter summarizes the experience and the lessons we learned concerning the application of the jABC as a framework for design and execution of scientific workflows. It reports experiences from the domain modeling (especially service integration) and workflow design phases and evaluates the resulting models statistically with respect to the SIB library and hierarchy levels. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-662-45005-5 SN - 1865-0929 IS - 500 SP - 45 EP - 64 PB - Springer Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lamprecht, Anna-Lena A1 - Wickert, Alexander ED - Lambrecht, Anna-Lena ED - Margaria, Tiziana T1 - The Course's SIB Libraries JF - Process Design for Natural Scientists: an agile model-driven approach N2 - This chapter gives a detailed description of the service framework underlying all the example projects that form the foundation of this book. It describes the different SIB libraries that we made available for the course “Process modeling in the natural sciences” to provide the functionality that was required for the envisaged applications. The students used these SIB libraries to realize their projects. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-662-45005-5 SN - 1865-0929 IS - 500 SP - 30 EP - 44 PB - Springer Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lamprecht, Anna-Lena A1 - Margaria, Tiziana ED - Lambrecht, Anna-Lena ED - Margaria, Tiziana T1 - Scientific Workflows and XMDD JF - Process Design for Natural Scientists: an agile model-driven approach N2 - A major part of the scientific experiments that are carried out today requires thorough computational support. While database and algorithm providers face the problem of bundling resources to create and sustain powerful computation nodes, the users have to deal with combining sets of (remote) services into specific data analysis and transformation processes. Today’s attention to “big data” amplifies the issues of size, heterogeneity, and process-level diversity/integration. In the last decade, especially workflow-based approaches to deal with these processes have enjoyed great popularity. This book concerns a particularly agile and model-driven approach to manage scientific workflows that is based on the XMDD paradigm. In this chapter we explain the scope and purpose of the book, briefly describe the concepts and technologies of the XMDD paradigm, explain the principal differences to related approaches, and outline the structure of the book. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-662-45005-5 SN - 1865-0929 IS - 500 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Springer Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lamprecht, Anna-Lena A1 - Margaria, Tiziana A1 - Steffen, Bernhard ED - Lambrecht, Anna-Lena ED - Margaria, Tiziana T1 - Modeling and Execution of Scientific Workflows with the jABC Framework JF - Process Design for Natural Scientists: an agile model-driven approach N2 - We summarize here the main characteristics and features of the jABC framework, used in the case studies as a graphical tool for modeling scientific processes and workflows. As a comprehensive environment for service-oriented modeling and design according to the XMDD (eXtreme Model-Driven Design) paradigm, the jABC offers much more than the pure modeling capability. Associated technologies and plugins provide in fact means for a rich variety of supporting functionality, such as remote service integration, taxonomical service classification, model execution, model verification, model synthesis, and model compilation. We describe here in short both the essential jABC features and the service integration philosophy followed in the environment. In our work over the last years we have seen that this kind of service definition and provisioning platform has the potential to become a core technology in interdisciplinary service orchestration and technology transfer: Domain experts, like scientists not specially trained in computer science, directly define complex service orchestrations as process models and use efficient and complex domain-specific tools in a simple and intuitive way. Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-662-45005-5 SN - 1865-0929 IS - 500 SP - 14 EP - 29 PB - Springer Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thuan, Tran ED - Grubic, Mira ED - Mucha, Anne T1 - Lone contrastive topic constructions BT - a puzzle from Vietnamese JF - Proceedings of the Semantics of African, Asian and Austronesian Languages (TripleA) 2 N2 - It has been long agreed by formal and functional researchers (primarily based on English data) that contrastive topic marking, namely marking a constituent as a contrastive topic via the B-accent/the rising intonation contour) requires the co-occurrence of focus marking via the A-accent/the falling intonation contour (see Sturgeon 2006, and references therein). However, this consensus has recently been disputed by new findings indicating the occurrence of utterances with only B-accent, dubbed as lone contrastive topic (Büring 2003, Constant 2014). In this paper, I argue, based on the data in Vietnamese, that the presence of lone contrastive topic is just apparent, and that the focus that co-occurs with the seemingly lone contrastive topic is a verum focus. Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-92323 SP - 52 EP - 64 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Korat, Omer ED - Grubic, Mira ED - Mucha, Anne T1 - Singular quantified terms JF - Proceedings of the Semantics of African, Asian and Austronesian Languages (TripleA) 2 N2 - In this paper, I discuss the behavior of singular partitives, focusing on Hebrew. I show that group noun-headed singular quantified terms behave essentially different from other singular quantified terms. Specifically, the domain of quantification in the former is a discrete set (the members of the group), while in the latter the domain of quantification is a set of mass entities. I propose a preliminary analysis of singular quantified terms in Hebrew, respecting the properties peculiar to this language as well as the observations about group vs. non-group singular quantified terms. This analysis is based on a novel class of quantifiers I name ’Measure Quantifiers’, which instantiate relations between algebraic sums. Using shifts between algebraic sums, we can represent the different readings of singular and plural individual or group terms. Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-92313 SP - 36 EP - 51 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hsieh, I-Ta Chris A1 - Shen, Zheng ED - Grubic, Mira ED - Mucha, Anne T1 - The ‘Associative Reading’ of DPs and the quantity vs. quality distinction JF - Proceedings of the Semantics of African, Asian and Austronesian Languages (TripleA) 2 N2 - This paper investigates an unnoticed difference in Mandarin between the Q-adjectives and the gradable adjectives of quality and shows that this observation follows straightforwardly from a theory that differentiates gradable predication of quantity and that of quality (e.g., Rett 2008; Lin 2014; Solt 2015; a.o.). Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-92304 SP - 18 EP - 35 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bowler, Margit ED - Grubic, Mira ED - Mucha, Anne T1 - The status of degrees in Warlpiri JF - Proceedings of the Semantics of African, Asian and Austronesian Languages (TripleA) 2 N2 - Recent work in semantics has shown that languages can vary in whether or not they include degrees (that is, elements of type < d >) in their semantic ontology. Several authors have argued that their languages of study lack degrees, including Bochnak (2013) for Washo (isolate, USA), Pearson (2009) for Fijian (Austronesian, Fiji), and Beck, et al. (2009) for Motu (Austronesian, Papua New Guinea). In this paper, I follow the tests proposed in Beck, et al. (2009) to assess the status of degrees in Warlpiri (Pama-Nyungan, Australia). I use Warlpiri data collected following the Beck, et al. survey to argue that Warlpiri gradable predicates do not combine with a degree argument. (Like many other Australian languages, adjectival concepts like big and small are expressed using nouns in Warlpiri (Dixon 1982, Bittner & Hale 1995, among others). I refer to these lexical items as “gradable predicates” in this paper.) This paper represents a first pass at assessing the status of degrees in an Australian language, which have otherwise been unexamined from the point of view of degree semantics. Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-92295 SP - 1 EP - 17 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Poduzova, Ekaterina T1 - Theses JF - Dritte Woche des Russischen Rechts, Potsdam, 13.–17.10.2014, mit der Moskauer Staatlichen Juristischen O. E. Kutafin Universität (Akademie) JF - Третья неделя российского права, 13.–17.10.2014, с участием Московского государственного юридического университета имени О. E. Кутафина (МГЮА) Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-92015 SN - 978-3-86956-340-4 SN - 2199-9686 SN - 2199-9694 VL - 3 SP - 129 EP - 131 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Poduzova, Ekaterina T1 - Some Basic Aspects Of Organizational Contracts In Modern Contract Law JF - Dritte Woche des Russischen Rechts, Potsdam, 13.–17.10.2014, mit der Moskauer Staatlichen Juristischen O. E. Kutafin Universität (Akademie) JF - Третья неделя российского права, 13.–17.10.2014, с участием Московского государственного юридического университета имени О. E. Кутафина (МГЮА) Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-92008 SN - 978-3-86956-340-4 SN - 2199-9686 SN - 2199-9694 VL - 3 SP - 117 EP - 126 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bekâŝev, Kamil T1 - Globalization And Development Of International Law JF - Dritte Woche des Russischen Rechts, Potsdam, 13.–17.10.2014, mit der Moskauer Staatlichen Juristischen O. E. Kutafin Universität (Akademie) JF - Третья неделя российского права, 13.–17.10.2014, с участием Московского государственного юридического университета имени О. E. Кутафина (МГЮА) N2 - Theses Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-91896 SN - 978-3-86956-340-4 SN - 2199-9686 SN - 2199-9694 VL - 3 SP - 47 EP - 50 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nakano, Yoko A1 - Ikemoto, Yu A1 - Jacob, Gunnar A1 - Clahsen, Harald T1 - How Orthography Modulates Morphological Priming BT - Subliminal Kanji Activation in Japanese JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - The current study investigates to what extent masked morphological priming is modulated by language-particular properties, specifically by its writing system. We present results from two masked priming experiments investigating the processing of complex Japanese words written in less common (moraic) scripts. In Experiment 1, participants performed lexical decisions on target verbs; these were preceded by primes which were either (i) a past-tense form of the same verb, (ii) a stem-related form with the epenthetic vowel -i, (iii) a semantically-related form, and (iv) a phonologically-related form. Significant priming effects were obtained for prime types (i), (ii), and (iii), but not for (iv). This pattern of results differs from previous findings on languages with alphabetic scripts, which found reliable masked priming effects for morphologically related prime/target pairs of type (i), but not for non-affixal and semantically-related primes of types (ii), and (iii). In Experiment 2, we measured priming effects for prime/target pairs which are neither morphologically, semantically, phonologically nor - as presented in their moraic scripts—orthographically related, but which—in their commonly written form—share the same kanji, which are logograms adopted from Chinese. The results showed a significant priming effect, with faster lexical-decision times for kanji-related prime/target pairs relative to unrelated ones. We conclude that affix-stripping is insufficient to account for masked morphological priming effects across languages, but that language-particular properties (in the case of Japanese, the writing system) affect the processing of (morphologically) complex words. KW - morphologically complex words KW - morpho-orthography KW - decompositon KW - Japanese KW - kanji KW - kana Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00316 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 7 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klauschies, Toni A1 - Vasseur, David A. A1 - Gaedke, Ursula T1 - Trait adaptation promotes species coexistence in diverse predator and prey communities JF - Ecology and evolution N2 - Species can adjust their traits in response to selection which may strongly influence species coexistence. Nevertheless, current theory mainly assumes distinct and time-invariant trait values. We examined the combined effects of the range and the speed of trait adaptation on species coexistence using an innovative multispecies predator–prey model. It allows for temporal trait changes of all predator and prey species and thus simultaneous coadaptation within and among trophic levels. We show that very small or slow trait adaptation did not facilitate coexistence because the stabilizing niche differences were not sufficient to offset the fitness differences. In contrast, sufficiently large and fast trait adaptation jointly promoted stable or neutrally stable species coexistence. Continuous trait adjustments in response to selection enabled a temporally variable convergence and divergence of species traits; that is, species became temporally more similar (neutral theory) or dissimilar (niche theory) depending on the selection pressure, resulting over time in a balance between niche differences stabilizing coexistence and fitness differences promoting competitive exclusion. Furthermore, coadaptation allowed prey and predator species to cluster into different functional groups. This equalized the fitness of similar species while maintaining sufficient niche differences among functionally different species delaying or preventing competitive exclusion. In contrast to pre- vious studies, the emergent feedback between biomass and trait dynamics enabled supersaturated coexistence for a broad range of potential trait adaptation and parameters. We conclude that accounting for trait adaptation may explain stable and supersaturated species coexistence for a broad range of environmental conditions in natural systems when the absence of such adaptive changes would preclude it. Small trait changes, coincident with those that may occur within many natural populations, greatly enlarged the number of coexisting species. KW - Coadaptation KW - equalizing and stabilizing mechanisms KW - maintenance of functional diversity KW - niche and fitness differences KW - supersaturated species coexistence KW - trait convergence and divergence Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2172 SN - 2045-7758 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kurpiers, Jona A1 - Neher, Dieter T1 - Dispersive Non-Geminate Recombination in an Amorphous Polymer:Fullerene Blend JF - Scientific reports N2 - Recombination of free charge is a key process limiting the performance of solar cells. For low mobility materials, such as organic semiconductors, the kinetics of non-geminate recombination (NGR) is strongly linked to the motion of charges. As these materials possess significant disorder, thermalization of photogenerated carriers in the inhomogeneously broadened density of state distribution is an unavoidable process. Despite its general importance, knowledge about the kinetics of NGR in complete organic solar cells is rather limited. We employ time delayed collection field (TDCF) experiments to study the recombination of photogenerated charge in the high-performance polymer:fullerene blend PCDTBT:PCBM. NGR in the bulk of this amorphous blend is shown to be highly dispersive, with a continuous reduction of the recombination coefficient throughout the entire time scale, until all charge carriers have either been extracted or recombined. Rapid, contact-mediated recombination is identified as an additional loss channel, which, if not properly taken into account, would erroneously suggest a pronounced field dependence of charge generation. These findings are in stark contrast to the results of TDCF experiments on photovoltaic devices made from ordered blends, such as P3HT:PCBM, where non-dispersive recombination was proven to dominate the charge carrier dynamics under application relevant conditions. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/srep26832 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 6 PB - Nature Publishing Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kayser, Daniela Niesta A1 - Graupmann, Verena A1 - Fryer, James W. A1 - Frey, Dieter T1 - Threat to Freedom and the Detrimental Effect of Avoidance Goal Frames BT - Reactance as a Mediating Variable JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Two experiments examined how individuals respond to a restriction presented within an approach versus an avoidance frame. In Study 1, working on a problem-solving task, participants were initially free to choose their strategy, but for a second task were told to change their strategy. The message to change was embedded in either an approach or avoidance frame. When confronted with an avoidance compared to an approach frame, the participants’ reactance toward the request was greater and, in turn, led to impaired performance. The role of reactance as a response to threat to freedom was explicitly examined in Study 2, in which participants evaluated a potential change in policy affecting their program of study herein explicitly varying whether a restriction was present or absent and whether the message was embedded in an approach versus avoidance frame. When communicated with an avoidance frame and as a restriction, participants showed the highest resistance in terms of reactance, message agreement and evaluation of the communicator. The difference in agreement with the change was mediated by reactance only when a restriction was present. Overall, avoidance goal frames were associated with more resistance to change on different levels of experience (reactance, performance, and person perception). Reactance mediated the effect of goal frame on other outcomes only when a restriction was present. KW - freedom restriction KW - goal frames KW - avoidance KW - approach KW - reactance KW - self threat KW - change Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00632 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 7 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zabel, André A1 - Winter, Alette A1 - Kelling, Alexandra A1 - Schilde, Uwe A1 - Strauch, Peter T1 - Tetrabromidocuprates(II)-Synthesis, Structure and EPR JF - International journal of molecular sciences N2 - Metal-containing ionic liquids (ILs) are of interest for a variety of technical applications, e.g., particle synthesis and materials with magnetic or thermochromic properties. In this paper we report the synthesis of, and two structures for, some new tetrabromidocuprates(II) with several “onium” cations in comparison to the results of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic analyses. The sterically demanding cations were used to separate the paramagnetic Cu(II) ions for EPR measurements. The EPR hyperfine structure in the spectra of these new compounds is not resolved, due to the line broadening resulting from magnetic exchange between the still-incomplete separated paramagnetic Cu(II) centres. For the majority of compounds, the principal g values (g|| and gK) of the tensors could be determined and information on the structural changes in the [CuBr4]2- anions can be obtained. The complexes have high potential, e.g., as ionic liquids, as precursors for the synthesis of copper bromide particles, as catalytically active or paramagnetic ionic liquids. KW - tetrabromidocuprate(II) KW - X-ray structure KW - electron paramagnetic resonance KW - copper(II) Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17040596 VL - 17 IS - 4 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neher, Dieter A1 - Kniepert, Juliane A1 - Elimelech, Arik A1 - Koster, L. Jan Anton T1 - A New Figure of Merit for Organic Solar Cells with Transport-limited Photocurrents JF - Scientific reports N2 - Compared to their inorganic counterparts, organic semiconductors suffer from relatively low charge carrier mobilities. Therefore, expressions derived for inorganic solar cells to correlate characteristic performance parameters to material properties are prone to fail when applied to organic devices. This is especially true for the classical Shockley-equation commonly used to describe current-voltage (JV)-curves, as it assumes a high electrical conductivity of the charge transporting material. Here, an analytical expression for the JV-curves of organic solar cells is derived based on a previously published analytical model. This expression, bearing a similar functional dependence as the Shockley-equation, delivers a new figure of merit α to express the balance between free charge recombination and extraction in low mobility photoactive materials. This figure of merit is shown to determine critical device parameters such as the apparent series resistance and the fill factor. KW - Electronic and spintronic devices KW - Semiconductors Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/srep24861 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 6 PB - Nature Publishing Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yan, Wenhao A1 - Chen, Dijun A1 - Kaufmann, Kerstin T1 - Efficient multiplex mutagenesis by RNA-guided Cas9 and its use in the characterization of regulatory elements in the AGAMOUS gene JF - Plant methods N2 - Background The efficiency of multiplex editing in plants by the RNA-guided Cas9 system is limited by efficient introduction of its components into the genome and by their activity. The possibility of introducing large fragment deletions by RNA-guided Cas9 tool provides the potential to study the function of any DNA region of interest in its ‘endogenous’ environment. Results Here, an RNA-guided Cas9 system was optimized to enable efficient multiplex editing in Arabidopsis thaliana. We demonstrate the flexibility of our system for knockout of multiple genes, and to generate heritable large-fragment deletions in the genome. As a proof of concept, the function of part of the second intron of the flower development gene AGAMOUS in Arabidopsis was studied by generating a Cas9-free mutant plant line in which part of this intron was removed from the genome. Further analysis revealed that deletion of this intron fragment results 40 % decrease of AGAMOUS gene expression without changing the splicing of the gene which indicates that this regulatory region functions as an activator of AGAMOUS gene expression. Conclusions Our modified RNA-guided Cas9 system offers a versatile tool for the functional dissection of coding and non-coding DNA sequences in plants. KW - RNA-guided Cas9 KW - Multiplex mutagenesis KW - Large fragment deletion KW - Germline transmission Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-016-0125-7 SN - 1746-4811 VL - 12 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Puig-Samper, Miguel Ángel A1 - Garrido, Elisa T1 - The presentation of the results of Alexander von Humboldt's voyage to Carlos IV JF - HiN : Alexander von Humboldt im Netz ; International Review for Humboldtian Studies N2 - Ever since our first research into Alexander von Humboldt's stay in Spain, the absence of an ensuing relationship between the wise Prussian and the Spanish Crown and Authorities had always surprised us. On starting new research, we found that indeed he sent his first work to Carlos IV from Rome accompanied by a letter of gratitude for the protection he had received during his American trip and submission to the Spanish Crown, which we now present. This first literary fruit of his voyage, which Alexander von Humboldt alluded to in the letter is the first instalment of his work Plantes Équinoxiales, Recueillies au Mexique, dans l’ile de Cuba, dans les provinces de Caracas, de Cumana etc., published in Paris in 1805. N2 - Desde nuestras primeras investigaciones sobre la estancia de Alexander von Humboldt en España siempre nos sorprendió la ausencia de una mínima relación posterior del sabio prusiano con la corona española y sus autoridades. Iniciada una nueva investigación, encontramos que efectivamente se produjo el envío de un primer trabajo a Carlos IV desde Roma acompañado de una carta de gratitud por la protección recibida durante su viaje americano y de sumisión a la corona española, que ahora presentamos. N2 - Seit unseren ersten Forschungen über den Aufenthalt Alexander von Humboldts in Spanien hat uns das Fehlen einer hieran anschließenden Beziehung des preußischen Wissenschaftlers mit der spanischen Krone und ihren Behörden erstaunt. Im Laufe einer erneuten Aufnahme der Forschung, haben wir nun entdeckt, dass Humboldt in der Tat von Rom aus eine erste Arbeit an Karl IV gesandt hatte, zusammen mit einem Schreiben des Dankes (für den während der amerikanischen Reise) erhaltenen Schutz sowie seiner Unterordnung unter die spanische Krone, das wir nun präsentieren. Das erste literarische Ergebnis seiner Reise, auf das Humboldt in diesem Brief verweist, ist der erste Faszikel seines Werkes Plantes Équinoxiales, Recueillies au Mexique, dans l’ile de Cuba, dans les provinces de Caracas, de Cumana etc., das im Jahr 1805 in Paris publiziert wurde. KW - Humboldt KW - travel results KW - Plantes Équinoxiales KW - Carlos IV KW - Spain Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-90788 SN - 1617-5239 SN - 2568-3543 VL - XVII IS - 32 SP - 52 EP - 64 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beurskens, Rainer A1 - Steinberg, Fabian A1 - Antoniewicz, Franziska A1 - Wolff, Wanja A1 - Granacher, Urs T1 - Neural Correlates of Dual-Task Walking BT - Effects of Cognitive versus Motor Interference in Young Adults JF - Neural plasticity N2 - Walking while concurrently performing cognitive and/or motor interference tasks is the norm rather than the exception during everyday life and there is evidence from behavioral studies that it negatively affects human locomotion. However, there is hardly any information available regarding the underlying neural correlates of single- and dual-task walking. We had 12 young adults (23.8 ± 2.8 years) walk while concurrently performing a cognitive interference (CI) or a motor interference (MI) task. Simultaneously, neural activation in frontal, central, and parietal brain areas was registered using a mobile EEG system. Results showed that the MI task but not the CI task affected walking performance in terms of significantly decreased gait velocity and stride length and significantly increased stride time and tempo-spatial variability. Average activity in alpha and beta frequencies was significantly modulated during both CI and MI walking conditions in frontal and central brain regions, indicating an increased cognitive load during dual-task walking. Our results suggest that impaired motor performance during dual-task walking is mirrored in neural activation patterns of the brain. This finding is in line with established cognitive theories arguing that dual-task situations overstrain cognitive capabilities resulting in motor performance decrements. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8032180 VL - 2016 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Hindawi CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Safavi, Molood S. A1 - Husain, Samar A1 - Vasishth, Shravan T1 - Dependency Resolution Difficulty Increases with Distance in Persian Separable Complex Predicates BT - Evidence for Expectation and Memory-Based Accounts JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Delaying the appearance of a verb in a noun-verb dependency tends to increase processing difficulty at the verb; one explanation for this locality effect is decay and/or interference of the noun in working memory. Surprisal, an expectation-based account, predicts that delaying the appearance of a verb either renders it no more predictable or more predictable, leading respectively to a prediction of no effect of distance or a facilitation. Recently, Husain et al. (2014) suggested that when the exact identity of the upcoming verb is predictable (strong predictability), increasing argument-verb distance leads to facilitation effects, which is consistent with surprisal; but when the exact identity of the upcoming verb is not predictable (weak predictability), locality effects are seen. We investigated Husain et al.'s proposal using Persian complex predicates (CPs), which consist of a non-verbal element—a noun in the current study—and a verb. In CPs, once the noun has been read, the exact identity of the verb is highly predictable (strong predictability); this was confirmed using a sentence completion study. In two self-paced reading (SPR) and two eye-tracking (ET) experiments, we delayed the appearance of the verb by interposing a relative clause (Experiments 1 and 3) or a long PP (Experiments 2 and 4). We also included a simple Noun-Verb predicate configuration with the same distance manipulation; here, the exact identity of the verb was not predictable (weak predictability). Thus, the design crossed Predictability Strength and Distance. We found that, consistent with surprisal, the verb in the strong predictability conditions was read faster than in the weak predictability conditions. Furthermore, greater verb-argument distance led to slower reading times; strong predictability did not neutralize or attenuate the locality effects. As regards the effect of distance on dependency resolution difficulty, these four experiments present evidence in favor of working memory accounts of argument-verb dependency resolution, and against the surprisal-based expectation account of Levy (2008). However, another expectation-based measure, entropy, which was computed using the offline sentence completion data, predicts reading times in Experiment 1 but not in the other experiments. Because participants tend to produce more ungrammatical continuations in the long-distance condition in Experiment 1, we suggest that forgetting due to memory overload leads to greater entropy at the verb. KW - locality KW - expectation KW - surprisal KW - entropy KW - Persian KW - complex predicates KW - self-paced reading KW - eye-tracking Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00403 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 7 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, Shuyan A1 - Schad, Daniel A1 - Kuschpel, Maxim S. A1 - Rapp, Michael A. A1 - Heinz, Andreas T1 - Music and Video Gaming during Breaks BT - Influence on Habitual versus Goal-Directed Decision Making JF - PLoS one N2 - Different systems for habitual versus goal-directed control are thought to underlie human decision-making. Working memory is known to shape these decision-making systems and their interplay, and is known to support goal-directed decision making even under stress. Here, we investigated if and how decision systems are differentially influenced by breaks filled with diverse everyday life activities known to modulate working memory performance. We used a within-subject design where young adults listened to music and played a video game during breaks interleaved with trials of a sequential two-step Markov decision task, designed to assess habitual as well as goal-directed decision making. Based on a neurocomputational model of task performance, we observed that for individuals with a rather limited working memory capacity video gaming as compared to music reduced reliance on the goal-directed decision-making system, while a rather large working memory capacity prevented such a decline. Our findings suggest differential effects of everyday activities on key decision-making processes. KW - Decision making KW - Games KW - Working memory KW - Video games KW - Cognition KW - Cognitive impairment KW - Music cognition KW - Learning Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0150165 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Public Library of Science CY - Lawrence, Kan. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wacker, Alexander A1 - Piepho, Maike A1 - Harwood, John L. A1 - Guschina, Irina A. A1 - Arts, Michael T. T1 - Light-Induced Changes in Fatty Acid Profiles of Specific Lipid Classes in Several Freshwater Phytoplankton Species JF - Frontiers in plant science : FPLS N2 - We tested the influence of two light intensities [40 and 300 μmol PAR / (m2s)] on the fatty acid composition of three distinct lipid classes in four freshwater phytoplankton species. We chose species of different taxonomic classes in order to detect potentially similar reaction characteristics that might also be present in natural phytoplankton communities. From samples of the bacillariophyte Asterionella formosa, the chrysophyte Chromulina sp., the cryptophyte Cryptomonas ovata and the zygnematophyte Cosmarium botrytis we first separated glycolipids (monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, digalactosyldiacylglycerol, and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol), phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine) as well as non-polar lipids (triacylglycerols), before analyzing the fatty acid composition of each lipid class. High variation in the fatty acid composition existed among different species. Individual fatty acid compositions differed in their reaction to changing light intensities in the four species. Although no generalizations could be made for species across taxonomic classes, individual species showed clear but small responses in their ecologically-relevant omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in terms of proportions and of per tissue carbon quotas. Knowledge on how lipids like fatty acids change with environmental or culture conditions is of great interest in ecological food web studies, aquaculture, and biotechnology, since algal lipids are the most important sources of omega-3 long-chain PUFA for aquatic and terrestrial consumers, including humans. KW - freshwater algae KW - light adaptation KW - lipid classes KW - fatty acid changes Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00264 SN - 1664-462X VL - 7 SP - 1 EP - 13 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nicenboim, Bruno A1 - Logacev, Pavel A1 - Gattei, Carolina A1 - Vasishth, Shravan T1 - When High-Capacity Readers Slow Down and Low-Capacity Readers Speed Up BT - Working Memory and Locality Effects JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - We examined the effects of argument-head distance in SVO and SOV languages (Spanish and German), while taking into account readers' working memory capacity and controlling for expectation (Levy, 2008) and other factors. We predicted only locality effects, that is, a slowdown produced by increased dependency distance (Gibson, 2000; Lewis and Vasishth, 2005). Furthermore, we expected stronger locality effects for readers with low working memory capacity. Contrary to our predictions, low-capacity readers showed faster reading with increased distance, while high-capacity readers showed locality effects. We suggest that while the locality effects are compatible with memory-based explanations, the speedup of low-capacity readers can be explained by an increased probability of retrieval failure. We present a computational model based on ACT-R built under the previous assumptions, which is able to give a qualitative account for the present data and can be tested in future research. Our results suggest that in some cases, interpreting longer RTs as indexing increased processing difficulty and shorter RTs as facilitation may be too simplistic: The same increase in processing difficulty may lead to slowdowns in high-capacity readers and speedups in low-capacity ones. Ignoring individual level capacity differences when investigating locality effects may lead to misleading conclusions. KW - locality KW - working memory capacity KW - individual differences KW - Spanish KW - German KW - ACT-R Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00280 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 7 SP - 1 EP - 24 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rätzel, Dennis A1 - Wilkens, Martin A1 - Menzel, Ralf T1 - Gravitational properties of light BT - the gravitational field of a laser pulse JF - New journal of physics : the open-access journal for physics N2 - The gravitational field of a laser pulse of finite lifetime, is investigated in the framework of linearized gravity. Although the effects are very small, they may be of fundamental physical interest. It is shown that the gravitational field of a linearly polarized light pulse is modulated as the norm of the corresponding electric field strength, while no modulations arise for circular polarization. In general, the gravitational field is independent of the polarization direction. It is shown that all physical effects are confined to spherical shells expanding with the speed of light, and that these shells are imprints of the spacetime events representing emission and absorption of the pulse. Nearby test particles at rest are attracted towards the pulse trajectory by the gravitational field due to the emission of the pulse, and they are repelled from the pulse trajectory by the gravitational field due to its absorption. Examples are given for the size of the attractive effect. It is recovered that massless test particles do not experience any physical effect if they are co-propagating with the pulse, and that the acceleration of massless test particles counter-propagating with respect to the pulse is four times stronger than for massive particles at rest. The similarities between the gravitational effect of a laser pulse and Newtonian gravity in two dimensions are pointed out. The spacetime curvature close to the pulse is compared to that induced by gravitational waves from astronomical sources. KW - gravity KW - general relativity KW - laser pulses KW - electromagnetic radiation KW - linearized gravity KW - pp-wave solutions Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/18/2/023009 SN - 1367-2630 VL - 18 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - IOP Science CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Höhle, Barbara A1 - Fritzsche, Tom A1 - Müller, Anja T1 - Children’s Comprehension of Sentences with Focus Particles and the Role of Cognitive Control BT - An Eye Tracking Study with German-Learning 4-Year-Olds JF - PLoS one N2 - Children’s interpretations of sentences containing focus particles do not seem adult-like until school age. This study investigates how German 4-year-old children comprehend sentences with the focus particle ‘nur’ (only) by using different tasks and controlling for the impact of general cognitive abilities on performance measures. Two sentence types with ‘only’ in either pre-subject or pre-object position were presented. Eye gaze data and verbal responses were collected via the visual world paradigm combined with a sentence-picture verification task. While the eye tracking data revealed an adult-like pattern of focus particle processing, the sentence-picture verification replicated previous findings of poor comprehension, especially for ‘only’ in pre-subject position. A second study focused on the impact of general cognitive abilities on the outcomes of the verification task. Working memory was related to children’s performance in both sentence types whereas inhibitory control was selectively related to the number of errors for sentences with ‘only’ in pre-subject position. These results suggest that children at the age of 4 years have the linguistic competence to correctly interpret sentences with focus particles, which–depending on specific task demands–may be masked by immature general cognitive abilities. KW - eyes KW - sentence processing KW - cognition KW - cognitive linguistics KW - human performance KW - syntax KW - cognitive psychology KW - working memory Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149870 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 11 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 27 PB - PLoS CY - Lawrence, Kan. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brand, Ralf A1 - Koch, Helen T1 - Using Caffeine Pills for Performance Enhancement BT - An Experimental Study on University Students’ Willingness and Their Intention to Try Neuroenhancements JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - Recent research has indicated that university students sometimes use caffeine pills for neuroenhancement (NE; non-medical use of psychoactive substances or technology to produce a subjective enhancement in psychological functioning and experience), especially during exam preparation. In our factorial survey experiment, we manipulated the evidence participants were given about the prevalence of NE amongst peers and measured the resulting effects on the psychological predictors included in the Prototype-Willingness Model of risk behavior. Two hundred and thirty-one university students were randomized to a high prevalence condition (read faked research results overstating usage of caffeine pills amongst peers by a factor of 5; 50%), low prevalence condition (half the estimated prevalence; 5%) or control condition (no information about peer prevalence). Structural equation modeling confirmed that our participants’ willingness and intention to use caffeine pills in the next exam period could be explained by their past use of neuroenhancers, attitude to NE and subjective norm about use of caffeine pills whilst image of the typical user was a much less important factor. Provision of inaccurate information about prevalence reduced the predictive power of attitude with respect to willingness by 40-45%. This may be because receiving information about peer prevalence which does not fit with their perception of the social norm causes people to question their attitude. Prevalence information might exert a deterrent effect on NE via the attitude-willingness association. We argue that research into NE and deterrence of associated risk behaviors should be informed by psychological theory. KW - attitude KW - prevalence information KW - prototype-willingness-model KW - social reactivity KW - doping Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00101 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 7 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paape, Dario L. J. F. T1 - Filling the Silence BT - Reactivation, not Reconstruction JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - In a self-paced reading experiment, we investigated the processing of sluicing constructions (“sluices”) whose antecedent contained a known garden-path structure in German. Results showed decreased processing times for sluices with garden-path antecedents as well as a disadvantage for antecedents with non-canonical word order downstream from the ellipsis site. A post-hoc analysis showed the garden-path advantage also to be present in the region right before the ellipsis site. While no existing account of ellipsis processing explicitly predicted the results, we argue that they are best captured by combining a local antecedent mismatch effect with memory trace reactivation through reanalysis. KW - ellipsis processing KW - garden-path effect KW - German KW - retrieval KW - reconstruction KW - self-paced reading Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00027 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 7 SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, Steffen A1 - Carlsohn, Anja A1 - Müller, Juliane A1 - Baur, Heiner A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Influence of Obesity on Foot Loading Characteristics in Gait for Children Aged 1 to 12 Years JF - PLoS one N2 - Background Overweight and obesity are increasing health problems that are not restricted to adults only. Childhood obesity is associated with metabolic, psychological and musculoskeletal comorbidities. However, knowledge about the effect of obesity on the foot function across maturation is lacking. Decreased foot function with disproportional loading characteristics is expected for obese children. The aim of this study was to examine foot loading characteristics during gait of normal-weight, overweight and obese children aged 1-12 years. Methods A total of 10382 children aged one to twelve years were enrolled in the study. Finally, 7575 children (m/f: n = 3630/3945; 7.0 +/- 2.9yr; 1.23 +/- 0.19m; 26.6 +/- 10.6kg; BMI: 17.1 +/- 2.4kg/m(2)) were included for (complete case) data analysis. Children were categorized to normalweight (>= 3rd and <90th percentile; n = 6458), overweight (>= 90rd and <97th percentile; n = 746) or obese (>97th percentile; n = 371) according to the German reference system that is based on age and gender-specific body mass indices (BMI). Plantar pressure measurements were assessed during gait on an instrumented walkway. Contact area, arch index (AI), peak pressure (PP) and force time integral (FTI) were calculated for the total, fore-, mid-and hindfoot. Data was analyzed descriptively (mean +/- SD) followed by ANOVA/Welch-test (according to homogeneity of variances: yes/no) for group differences according to BMI categorization (normal-weight, overweight, obesity) and for each age group 1 to 12yrs (post-hoc Tukey Kramer/Dunnett's C; alpha = 0.05). Results Mean walking velocity was 0.95 +/- 0.25 m/s with no differences between normal-weight, overweight or obese children (p = 0.0841). Results show higher foot contact area, arch index, peak pressure and force time integral in overweight and obese children (p< 0.001). Obese children showed the 1.48-fold (1 year-old) to 3.49-fold (10 year-old) midfoot loading (FTI) compared to normal-weight. Conclusion Additional body mass leads to higher overall load, with disproportional impact on the midfoot area and longitudinal foot arch showing characteristic foot loading patterns. Already the feet of one and two year old children are significantly affected. Childhood overweight and obesity is not compensated by the musculoskeletal system. To avoid excessive foot loading with potential risk of discomfort or pain in childhood, prevention strategies should be developed and validated for children with a high body mass index and functional changes in the midfoot area. The presented plantar pressure values could additionally serve as reference data to identify suspicious foot loading patterns in children. KW - plantar pressure distribution KW - body-mass index KW - prepubescent children KW - overweight children KW - childhood obesity KW - walking KW - speed KW - forces KW - adolescents KW - prevalence Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149924 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 11 IS - 2 PB - Public Library of Science CY - Lawrence, Kan. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prinz, Julia A1 - Heck, Christian A1 - Ellerik, Lisa A1 - Merk, Virginia A1 - Bald, Ilko T1 - DNA origami based Au–Ag-core–shell nanoparticle dimers with single-molecule SERS sensitivity JF - Nanoscale N2 - DNA origami nanostructures are a versatile tool to arrange metal nanostructures and other chemical entities with nanometer precision. In this way gold nanoparticle dimers with defined distance can be constructed, which can be exploited as novel substrates for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). We have optimized the size, composition and arrangement of Au/Ag nanoparticles to create intense SERS hot spots, with Raman enhancement up to 1010, which is sufficient to detect single molecules by Raman scattering. This is demonstrated using single dye molecules (TAMRA and Cy3) placed into the center of the nanoparticle dimers. In conjunction with the DNA origami nanostructures novel SERS substrates are created, which can in the future be applied to the SERS analysis of more complex biomolecular targets, whose position and conformation within the SERS hot spot can be precisely controlled. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/C5NR08674D IS - 8 SP - 5612 EP - 5620 PB - RSC Publishing CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mondal, Suvendu Sekhar A1 - Marquardt, Dorothea A1 - Janiak, Christoph A1 - Holdt, Hans-Jürgen T1 - Use of a 4,5-dicyanoimidazolate anion based ionic liquid for the synthesis of iron and silver nanoparticles JF - Dalton transactions : an international journal of inorganic chemistry N2 - Sixteen new ionic liquids (ILs) with tetraethylammonium, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, 3-methyl-1-octylimidazolium and tetrabutylphosphonium cations paired with 2-substituted 4,5-dicyanoimidazolate anions (substituent at C2 = methyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, N,N′-dimethyl amino and nitro) have been synthesized and characterized by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effects of cation and anion type and structure of the resulting ILs, including several room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), are reflected in the crystallization, melting points and thermal decomposition of the ILs. ILs exhibited large liquid and crystallization ranges and formed glasses on cooling with glass transition temperatures in the range of −22 to −71 °C. We selected one of the newly designed ILs due to its bigger size, compared to the common conventional IL anion and high electron-withdrawing nitrile group leads to an overall stabilization anion that may stabilize the metal nanoparticles. Stable and better separated iron and silver nanoparticles are obtained by the decomposition of corresponding Fe2(CO)9 and AgPF6, respectively, under N2-atmosphere in newly designed nitrile functionalized 4,5-dicyanoimidazolate anion based IL. Very small and uniform size for Fe-nanoparticles of about 1.8 ± 0.6 nm were achieved without any additional stabilizers or capping molecules. Comparatively bigger size of Ag-nanoparticles was obtained through the reduction of AgPF6 by hydrogen gas. Additionally, the AgPF6 precursor was decomposed under microwave irradiation (MWI), fabricating nut-in-shell-like, that is, core-separated-from-shell Ag-nano-structures. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/C6DT00225K SN - 1477-9226 IS - 45 SP - 5476 EP - 5483 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klaper, M. A1 - Wessig, Pablo A1 - Linker, Torsten T1 - Base catalysed decomposition of anthracene endoperoxide JF - Chemical communications : ChemComm N2 - Catalytic amounts of a weak base are sufficient to induce the decomposition of anthracene endoperoxides to anthraquinone. The mechanism has been elucidated by isolation of intermediates in combination with DFT calculations. The whole process is suitable for the convenient generation of hydrogen peroxide under very mild conditions. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CC08606J SN - 1364-548X IS - 52 SP - 1210 EP - 1213 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Matis, Jochen René A1 - Schönborn, Jan Boyke A1 - Saalfrank, Peter T1 - A multi-reference study of the byproduct formation for a ring-closed dithienylethene photoswitch JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : PCCP ; a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - Photodriven molecular switches are sometimes hindered in their performance by forming byproducts which act as dead ends in sequences of switching cycles, leading to rapid fatigue effects. Understanding the reaction pathways to unwanted byproducts is a prerequisite for preventing them. This article presents a study of the photochemical reaction pathways for byproduct formation in the photochromic switch 1,2-bis-(3-thienyl)-ethene. Specifically, using single- and multi-reference methods the post-deexcitation reaction towards the byproduct in the electronic ground state S0 when starting from the S1–S0 conical intersection (CoIn), is considered in detail. We find an unusual low-energy pathway, which offers the possibility for the formation of a dyotropic byproduct. Several high-energy pathways can be excluded with high probability. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CP00987A SN - 1463-9076 SN - 1463-9084 IS - 17 SP - 14088 EP - 14095 PB - The Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prestel, Andreas A1 - Möller, Heiko Michael T1 - Spatio-temporal control of cellular uptake achieved by photoswitchable cell-penetrating peptides JF - Chemical communications : ChemComm N2 - The selective uptake of compounds into specific cells of interest is a major objective in cell biology and drug delivery. By incorporation of a novel, thermostable azobenzene moiety we generated peptides that can be switched optically between an inactive state and an active, cell-penetrating state with excellent spatio-temporal control. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CC06848G SN - 1364-548X IS - 52 SP - 701 EP - 704 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klier, Dennis Tobias A1 - Kumke, Michael Uwe T1 - Analysing the effect of the crystal structure on upconversion luminescence in Yb3+,Er3+-co-doped NaYF4 nanomaterials JF - Journal of materials chemistry C ; Materials for optical and electronic devices N2 - NaYF4:Yb:Er nanoparticles (UCNP) were synthesized under mild experimental conditions to obtain a pure cubic lattice. Upon annealing at different temperatures up to Tan = 700 °C phase transitions to the hexagonal phase and back to the cubic phase were induced. The UCNP materials obtained for different Tan were characterized with respect to the lattice phase using standard XRD and Raman spectroscopy as well as steady state and time resolved upconversion luminescence. The standard techniques showed that for the annealing temperature range 300 °C < Tan < 600 °C the hexagonal lattice phase was dominant. For Tan < 300 °C hardly any change in the lattice phase could be deduced, whereas for Tan > 600 °C a back transfer to the α-phase was observed. Complementarily, the luminescence upconversion properties of the annealed UCNP materials were characterized in steady state and time resolved luminescence measurements. Distinct differences in the upconversion luminescence intensity, the spectral intensity distribution and the luminescence decay kinetics were found for the cubic and hexagonal lattice phases, respectively, corroborating the results of the standard analytical techniques used. In laser power dependent measurements of the upconversion luminescence intensity it was found that the green (G1, G2) and red (R) emission of Er3+ showed different effects of Tan on the number of required photons reflecting the differences in the population routes of different energy levels involved. Furthermore, the intensity ratio of Gfull/R is highly effected by the laser power only when the β-phase is present, whereas the G1/G2 intensity ratio is only slightly effected regardless of the crystal phase. Moreover, based on different upconversion luminescence kinetics characteristics of the cubic and hexagonal phase time-resolved area normalized emission spectra (TRANES) proved to be a very sensitive tool to monitor the phase transition between cubic and hexagonal phases. Based on the TRANES analysis it was possible to resolve the lattice phase transition in more detail for 200 °C < Tan < 300 °C, which was not possible with the standard techniques. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TC02218E SN - 2050-7526 SN - 2050-7534 IS - 3 SP - 11228 EP - 11238 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klier, Dennis Tobias A1 - Kumke, Michael Uwe T1 - Upconversion NaYF4:Yb:Er nanoparticles co-doped with Gd3+ and Nd3+ for thermometry on the nanoscale JF - RSC Advances : an international journal to further the chemical sciences N2 - In the present work, the upconversion luminescence properties of oleic acid capped NaYF4:Gd3+:Yb3+:Er3+ upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) with pure β crystal phase and Nd3+ ions as an additional sensitizer were studied in the temperature range of 288 K < T < 328 K. The results of this study showed that the complex interplay of different mechanisms and effects, causing the special temperature behavior of the UCNP can be developed into thermometry on the nanoscale, e.g. to be applied in biological systems on a cellular level. The performance was improved by the use of Nd3+ as an additional dopant utilizing the cascade sensitization mechanism in tri-doped UCNP. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA11502G SN - 2046-2069 IS - 5 SP - 67149 EP - 67156 PB - RSC Publishing CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - de Carvalho, Sidney J. A1 - Metzler, Ralf A1 - Cherstvy, Andrey G. T1 - Inverted critical adsorption of polyelectrolytes in confinement JF - Soft matter N2 - What are the fundamental laws for the adsorption of charged polymers onto oppositely charged surfaces, for convex, planar, and concave geometries? This question is at the heart of surface coating applications, various complex formation phenomena, as well as in the context of cellular and viral biophysics. It has been a long-standing challenge in theoretical polymer physics; for realistic systems the quantitative understanding is however often achievable only by computer simulations. In this study, we present the findings of such extensive Monte-Carlo in silico experiments for polymer–surface adsorption in confined domains. We study the inverted critical adsorption of finite-length polyelectrolytes in three fundamental geometries: planar slit, cylindrical pore, and spherical cavity. The scaling relations extracted from simulations for the critical surface charge density sc—defining the adsorption–desorption transition—are in excellent agreement with our analytical calculations based on the ground-state analysis of the Edwards equation. In particular, we confirm the magnitude and scaling of sc for the concave interfaces versus the Debye screening length 1/k and the extent of confinement a for these three interfaces for small ka values. For large ka the critical adsorption condition approaches the known planar limit. The transition between the two regimes takes place when the radius of surface curvature or half of the slit thickness a is of the order of 1/k. We also rationalize how sc(k) dependence gets modified for semi-flexible versus flexible chains under external confinement. We examine the implications of the chain length for critical adsorption—the effect often hard to tackle theoretically—putting an emphasis on polymers inside attractive spherical cavities. The applications of our findings to some biological systems are discussed, for instance the adsorption of nucleic acids onto the inner surfaces of cylindrical and spherical viral capsids. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/C5SM00635J SN - 1744-6848 SN - 1744-683X IS - 11 SP - 4430 EP - 4443 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hentrich, Doreen A1 - Junginger, Mathias A1 - Bruns, Michael A1 - Börner, Hans Gerhard A1 - Brandt, Jessica A1 - Brezesinski, Gerald A1 - Taubert, Andreas T1 - Interface-controlled calcium phosphate mineralization BT - effect of oligo(aspartic acid)-rich interfaces JF - CrystEngComm N2 - The phase behavior of an amphiphilic block copolymer based on a poly(aspartic acid) hydrophilic block and a poly(n-butyl acrylate) hydrophobic block was investigated at the air–water and air–buffer interface. The polymer forms stable monomolecular films on both subphases. At low pH, the isotherms exhibit a plateau. Compression–expansion experiments and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy suggest that the plateau is likely due to the formation of polymer bi- or multilayers. At high pH the films remain intact upon compression and no multilayer formation is observed. Furthermore, the mineralization of calcium phosphate beneath the monolayer was studied at different pH. The pH of the subphase and thus the polymer charge strongly affects the phase behavior of the film and the mineral formation. After 4 h of mineralization at low pH, atomic force microscopy shows smooth mineral films with a low roughness. With increasing pH the mineral films become inhomogeneous and the roughness increases. Transmission electron microscopy confirms this: at low pH a few small but uniform particles form whereas particles grown at higher pH are larger and highly agglomerated. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm the formation of calcium phosphate. The levels of mineralization are higher in samples grown at high pH. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CE02274B SN - 1466-8033 IS - 17 SP - 6901 EP - 6913 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jann, Werner A1 - Reichard, Christoph ED - Wollmann, Hellmut T1 - Best practice in central government modernization BT - in memoriam Frieder Naschold 1940 - 1999 JF - RIEP : Revista internacional de estudos politicos JF - International journal of political studies Y1 - 2001 SN - 1516-5973 VL - 2001 IS - Special 9 SP - 93 EP - 111 PB - NUSEG CY - Rio de Janeiro ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sugawara, Y. A1 - Tsuboi, Y. A1 - Maeda, Y. A1 - Pollock, A. M. T. A1 - Williams, P. M. T1 - The Swift monitoring of the colliding wind binary WR 21a JF - Wolf-Rayet Stars : Proceedings of an International Workshop held in Potsdam, Germany, 1.–5. June 2015 N2 - The X-ray observations of the colliding wind binary WR 21a is reported. The first monitoring performed by Swift/XRT in order to reveal the phase-locked variation. Our observations cover 201 different epochs from 2013 October 1 to 2015 January 30 for a total exposure of about 306 ks. It is found for the first time that the luminosity varies roughly in inverse proportion to the separation of the two stars before the X-ray maximum but later drops rapidly toward periastron. Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-88517 SP - 366 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steinke, M. A1 - Oskinova, Lida A1 - Hamann, Wolf-Rainer A1 - Sander, A. T1 - The Wolf-Rayet stars WR102c and 102ka and their isolation JF - Wolf-Rayet Stars : Proceedings of an International Workshop held in Potsdam, Germany, 1.–5. June 2015 N2 - While the majority of very massive stars is clearly found in clusters, there are also very massive objects not associated with any cluster, suggesting they may have been born in isolation. In order to gain more insights, we studied the regions around two WR stars in the Galactic Center region. To understand the nature of the potential cluster around massive stars, photometry alone is not sufficient. We therefore used the ESO VLT/SINFONI integral field spectrograph to obtain photometry and spectra for the whole region around our two candidate stars. In total, more than 60 stars have been found and assigned a spectral type. Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-88503 SP - 365 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ro, S. A1 - Matzner, C. D. T1 - Envelope Inflation or Stellar Wind? JF - Wolf-Rayet Stars : Proceedings of an International Workshop held in Potsdam, Germany, 1.–5. June 2015 N2 - We an optically-thick, transonic, steady wind model for a H-free Wolf-Rayet star. A bifurcation is found across a critical mass loss rate Mb. Slower winds M < Mb extend by several hydrostatic stellar radii, reproduce features of envelope in ation from Petrovic et al. (2006) and Gräfener et al. (2012), and are energetically unbound. This work is of particular interest for extended envelopes and winds, radiative hydrodynamic instabilities (eg. wind stagnation, clumping, etc.), and NLTE atmospheric models. Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-88491 SP - 364 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reyes-Iturbide, J. A1 - Velázquez, Pablo F. A1 - Rosado, M. T1 - 3D numerical model for NGC 6888 Nebula JF - Wolf-Rayet Stars : Proceedings of an International Workshop held in Potsdam, Germany, 1.–5. June 2015 N2 - We present 3D numerical simulations of the NGC6888 nebula considering the proper motion and the evolution of the star, from the red supergiant (RSG) to the Wolf-Rayet (WR) phase. Our simulations reproduce the limb-brightened morphology observed in [OIII] and X-ray emission maps. The synthetic maps computed by the numerical simulations show filamentary and clumpy structures produced by instabilities triggered in the interaction between the WR wind and the RSG shell. Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-88485 SP - 363 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ramírez Alegría, S. A1 - Chené, A.-N. A1 - Borissova, J. A1 - Kurtev, R. A1 - Navarro, C. A1 - Kuhn, M. A1 - Carballo-Bello, J. A. T1 - A not so massive cluster hosting a very massive star JF - Wolf-Rayet Stars : Proceedings of an International Workshop held in Potsdam, Germany, 1.–5. June 2015 N2 - We present the first physical characterization of the young open cluster VVVCL041. We spectroscopically observed the cluster main-sequence stellar population and a very-massive star candidate: WR62-2. CMFGEN modelling to our near-infrared spectra indicates that WR62-2 is a very luminous (10^6.4±0.2 L⊙)and massive (∼ 80M⊙) star. Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-88477 SP - 362 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maryeva, O. A1 - Polcaro, V. F. A1 - Rossi, C. A1 - Viotti, R. T1 - Modeling of spectral variability of Romano's star JF - Wolf-Rayet Stars : Proceedings of an International Workshop held in Potsdam, Germany, 1.–5. June 2015 N2 - We present results of investigation of spectral variability of one of the most interesting massive stars, Romano's star (M33/V532 or GR290), located in the M33 galaxy. Brightness of the star changes together with its spectral class, which varies from WN11 to WN8. Using CMFGEN code we estimated parameters of stellar atmosphere and found that during last ten years bolometric luminosity of the star changed synchronously with stellar magnitude. Our calculations argue in favor of the hypothesis of a post-LBV status of GR290. Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-88462 SP - 361 ER -