TY  - JOUR
A1  - Aa, Han van der
A1  - Rebmann, Adrian
A1  - Leopold, Henrik
T1  - Natural language-based detection of semantic execution anomalies in event logs
JF  - Information systems : IS ; an international journal ; data bases
N2  - Anomaly detection in process mining aims to recognize outlying or unexpected behavior in event logs for purposes such as the removal of noise and identification of conformance violations. Existing techniques for this task are primarily frequency-based, arguing that behavior is anomalous because it is uncommon. However, such techniques ignore the semantics of recorded events and, therefore, do not take the meaning of potential anomalies into consideration. In this work, we overcome this caveat and focus on the detection of anomalies from a semantic perspective, arguing that anomalies can be recognized when process behavior does not make sense. To achieve this, we propose an approach that exploits the natural language associated with events. Our key idea is to detect anomalous process behavior by identifying semantically inconsistent execution patterns. To detect such patterns, we first automatically extract business objects and actions from the textual labels of events. We then compare these against a process-independent knowledge base. By populating this knowledge base with patterns from various kinds of resources, our approach can be used in a range of contexts and domains. We demonstrate the capability of our approach to successfully detect semantic execution anomalies through an evaluation based on a set of real-world and synthetic event logs and show the complementary nature of semantics-based anomaly detection to existing frequency-based techniques.
KW  - Process mining
KW  - Natural language processing
KW  - Anomaly detection
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.is.2021.101824
SN  - 0306-4379
SN  - 1873-6076
VL  - 102
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - AbuJarour, Safa'a
A1  - Ajjan, Haya
A1  - Fedorowicz, Jane
A1  - Köster, Antonia
T1  - ICT support for refugees and undocumented immigrants
JF  - Communications of the Association for Information Systems : CAIS
N2  - Immigrant integration has become a primary political concern for leaders in Germany and the United States. The information systems (IS) community has begun to research how information and communications technologies can assist immigrants and refugees, such as by examining how countries can facilitate social-inclusion processes. Migrants face the challenge of joining closed communities that cannot integrate or fear doing so. We conducted a panel discussion at the 2019 Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS) in Cancun, Mexico, to introduce multiple viewpoints on immigration. In particular, the panel discussed how technology can both support and prevent immigrants from succeeding in their quest. We conducted the panel to stimulate a thoughtful and dynamic discussion on best practices and recommendations to enhance the discipline's impact on alleviating the challenges that occur for immigrants in their host countries. In this panel report, we introduce the topic of using ICT to help immigrants integrate and identify differences between North/Central America and Europe. We also discuss how immigrants (particularly refugees) use ICT to connect with others, feel that they belong, and maintain their identity. We also uncover the dark and bright sides of how governments use ICT to deter illegal immigration. Finally, we present recommendations for researchers and practitioners on how to best use ICT to assist with immigration.
KW  - refugees
KW  - immigration
KW  - social inclusion
KW  - deterrence
KW  - ICT
KW  - bright side
KW  - dark side
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.17705/1CAIS.04840
SN  - 1529-3181
VL  - 48
SP  - 456
EP  - 475
PB  - Association for Information Systems
CY  - New York, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - AbuJarour, Safa'a
A1  - Ajjan, Haya
A1  - Fedorowicz, Jane
A1  - Owens, Dawn
T1  - How working from home during COVID-19 affects academic productivity
JF  - Communications of the Association for Information Systems : CAIS
N2  - The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has forced most academics to work from home. This sudden venue change can affect academics' productivity and exacerbate the challenges that confront universities as they face an uncertain future. In this paper, we identify factors that influence academics' productivity while working from home during the mandate to self-isolate. From analyzing results from a global survey we conducted, we found that both personal and technology-related factors affect an individual's attitude toward working from home and productivity. Our results should prove valuable to university administrators to better address the work-life challenges that academics face.
KW  - work from home
KW  - academic
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - productivity
KW  - WFH
KW  - technology
KW  - usefulness
KW  - family-work conflict
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.17705/1CAIS.04808
SN  - 1529-3181
VL  - 48
SP  - 55
EP  - 64
PB  - Association for Information Systems
CY  - New York, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ackfeld, Viola
A1  - Rohloff, Tobias
A1  - Rzepka, Sylvi
T1  - Increasing personal data contributions for the greater public good
BT  - a field experiment on an online education platform
JF  - Behavioural public policy
N2  - Personal data increasingly serve as inputs to public goods. Like other types of contributions to public goods, personal data are likely to be underprovided. We investigate whether classical remedies to underprovision are also applicable to personal data and whether the privacy-sensitive nature of personal data must be additionally accounted for. In a randomized field experiment on a public online education platform, we prompt users to complete their profiles with personal information. Compared to a control message, we find that making public benefits salient increases the number of personal data contributions significantly. This effect is even stronger when additionally emphasizing privacy protection, especially for sensitive information. Our results further suggest that emphasis on both public benefits and privacy protection attracts personal data from a more diverse set of contributors.
KW  - field experiment
KW  - personal data
KW  - public good
KW  - privacy
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2021.39
SN  - 2398-063X
SN  - 2398-0648
SP  - 1
EP  - 27
PB  - Cambridge University Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Adam, Maurits
A1  - Gumbsch, Christian
A1  - Butz, Martin V.
A1  - Elsner, Birgit
T1  - The impact of action effects on infants’ predictive gaze shifts for a non-human grasping action at 7, 11, and 18 months
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - During the observation of goal-directed actions, infants usually predict the goal at an earlier age when the agent is familiar (e.g., human hand) compared to unfamiliar (e.g., mechanical claw). These findings implicate a crucial role of the developing agentive self for infants' processing of others' action goals. Recent theoretical accounts suggest that predictive gaze behavior relies on an interplay between infants' agentive experience (top-down processes) and perceptual information about the agent and the action-event (bottom-up information; e.g., agency cues). The present study examined 7-, 11-, and 18-month-old infants' predictive gaze behavior for a grasping action performed by an unfamiliar tool, depending on infants' age-related action knowledge about tool-use and the display of the agency cue of producing a salient action effect. The results are in line with the notion of a systematic interplay between experience-based top-down processes and cue-based bottom-up information: Regardless of the salient action effect, predictive gaze shifts did not occur in the 7-month-olds (least experienced age group), but did occur in the 18-month-olds (most experienced age group). In the 11-month-olds, however, predictive gaze shifts occurred only when a salient action effect was presented. This sheds new light on how the developing agentive self, in interplay with available agency cues, supports infants' action-goal prediction also for observed tool-use actions.
KW  - infancy
KW  - predictive gaze behavior
KW  - eye tracking
KW  - tool-use actions
KW  - agency cues
KW  - developing agentive self
KW  - non-human grasping
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.695550
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 12
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Adamik, Verena
T1  - From Utopian Island to global empire
BT  - Alex Garland's the Beach
JF  - Utopian Studies
N2  - This article discusses how Alex Garland’s The Beach (1996) engages with conceptions of utopian islands, nation, and colonialism in modernity and how it, from this basis, develops a different spatiality that reflects on a more deterritorialized form of imperial domination within late twentieth-century globalization, as exercised by the United States. The novel is shown to subvert, but not to abolish, two spatial formations that originated in early modernity: nation and utopia. Building on Jean Baudrillard’s elaborations regarding simulation and simulacra, the article argues that The Beach creates a hyperreal narrative that does away with the idea of isolated, bounded spaces and that in form and content corresponds with the worldwide dominance of the United States at the end of the twentieth century.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/doi: 10.5325/utopianstudies.31.3.0457
VL  - 31
IS  - 3
SP  - 457
EP  - 474
PB  - Penn State University Press
CY  - University Park, Pa
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Adamik, Verena
T1  - Making worlds from literature
BT  - W.E.B. Du Bois’s The Quest of the Silver Fleece and Dark Princess
JF  - Thesis eleven : critical theory and historical sociology
N2  - While W.E.B. Du Bois’s first novel, The Quest of the Silver Fleece (1911), is set squarely in the USA, his second work of fiction, Dark Princess: A Romance (1928), abandons this national framework, depicting the treatment of African Americans in the USA as embedded into an international system of economic exploitation based on racial categories. Ultimately, the political visions offered in the novels differ starkly, but both employ a Western literary canon – so-called ‘classics’ from Greek, German, English, French, and US American literature. With this, Du Bois attempts to create a new space for African Americans in the world (literature) of the 20th century. Weary of the traditions of this ‘world literature’, the novels complicate and begin to decenter the canon that they draw on. This reading traces what I interpret as subtle signs of frustration over the limits set by the literature that underlies Dark Princess, while its predecessor had been more optimistic in its appropriation of Eurocentric fiction for its propagandist aims.
KW  - African American literature
KW  - Eurocentrism
KW  - genre
KW  - intertextuality
KW  - race
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0725513621993308
SN  - 0725-5136
SN  - 1461-7455
VL  - 162
IS  - 1
SP  - 105
EP  - 120
PB  - Sage
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ahmadi, Hamid
A1  - Herat, Nehara
A1  - Alizadeh, Shahab
A1  - Button, Duane C.
A1  - Granacher, Urs
A1  - Behm, David G.
T1  - Effect of an inverted seated position with upper arm blood flow restriction on measures of elbow flexors neuromuscular performance
JF  - PLOS ONE / Public Library of Science
N2  - Purpose
The objective of the investigation was to determine the concomitant effects of upper arm blood flow restriction (BFR) and inversion on elbow flexors neuromuscular responses. 

Methods 
Randomly allocated, 13 volunteers performed four conditions in a within-subject design: rest (control, 1-min upright position without BFR), control (1-min upright with BFR), 1-min inverted (without BFR), and 1-min inverted with BFR. Evoked and voluntary contractile properties, before, during and after a 30-s maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) exercise intervention were examined as well as pain scale. 

Results
Inversion induced significant pre-exercise intervention decreases in elbow flexors MVC (21.1%, Z2p = 0.48, p = 0.02) and resting evoked twitch forces (29.4%, Z2p = 0.34, p = 0.03). The 30-s MVC induced significantly greater pre- to post-test decreases in potentiated twitch force (Z2p = 0.61, p = 0.0009) during inversion (75%) than upright (65.3%) conditions. Overall, BFR decreased MVC force 4.8% (Z2p = 0.37, p = 0.05). For upright position, BFR induced 21.0% reductions in M-wave amplitude (Z2p = 0.44, p = 0.04). There were no significant differences for electromyographic activity or voluntary activation as measured with the interpolated twitch technique. For all conditions, there was a significant increase in pain scale between the 40-60 s intervals and post-30-s MVC (upright< inversion, and without BFR< BFR). 

Conclusion
The concomitant application of inversion with elbow flexors BFR only amplified neuromuscular performance impairments to a small degree. Individuals who execute forceful contractions when inverted or with BFR should be cognizant that force output may be impaired.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245311
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 16
IS  - 5
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Akarsu, Pinar
A1  - Grobe, Richard
A1  - Nowaczyk, Julius
A1  - Hartlieb, Matthias
A1  - Reinicke, Stefan
A1  - Böker, Alexander
A1  - Sperling, Marcel
A1  - Reifarth, Martin
T1  - Solid-phase microcontact printing for precise patterning of rough surfaces
BT  - using polymer-tethered elastomeric stamps for the transfer of reactive silanes
JF  - ACS applied polymer materials
N2  - We present a microcontact printing (mu CP) routine suitable to introduce defined (sub-) microscale patterns on surface substrates exhibiting a high capillary activity and receptive to a silane-based chemistry. This is achieved by transferring functional trivalent alkoxysilanes, such as (3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane (APTES) as a low-molecular weight ink via reversible covalent attachment to polymer brushes grafted from elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamps. The brushes consist of poly{N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)-methyl]acrylamide} (PTrisAAm) synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT)-polymerization and used for immobilization of the alkoxysilane-based ink by substituting the alkoxy moieties with polymer-bound hydroxyl groups. Upon physical contact of the silane-carrying polymers with surfaces, the conjugated silane transfers to the substrate, thus completely suppressing ink-flow and, in turn, maximizing printing accuracy even for otherwise not addressable substrate topographies. We provide a concisely conducted investigation on polymer brush formation using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and ellipsometry as well as ink immobilization utilizing two-dimensional proton nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (H-1-H-1-NOESY-NMR). We analyze the mu CP process by printing onto Si-wafers and show how even distinctively rough surfaces can be addressed, which otherwise represent particularly challenging substrates.
KW  - microcontact printing
KW  - capillary-active substrates
KW  - silane chemistry
KW  - PDMS surface grafting
KW  - surface patterning
KW  - shuttled RAFT-polymerization
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.1c00024
SN  - 2637-6105
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
SP  - 2420
EP  - 2431
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Alberto, Ibraimo
A1  - Schenck, Marcia C.
T1  - Paths Are Made by Walking
BT  - Memories of Being a Mozambican Contract Worker in the GDR
JF  - Navigating Socialist Encounters
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-11-062354-3
SN  - 978-3-11-062231-7
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110623543-010
SP  - 247
EP  - 262
PB  - de Gruyter
CY  - Oldenburg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Altenberger, Uwe
A1  - Cisterna, Clara
A1  - Günter, Christina
A1  - Gutiérrez, Adolfo Antonio
A1  - Rosales, J.
T1  - Tectono-metamorphic evolution of the proto-Andean margin of Gondwana
BT  - Evidence of internal high-grade metamorphism along the northern portion of the Famatinian orogen, Sierra de Aconquija, Sierras Pampeanas Orientales, Argentina
JF  - Journal of South American earth sciences
N2  - The present work gives a detailed analysis of the metamorphic and structural evolution of the back-arc portion of the Famatinian Orogen exposed in the southern Sierra de Aconquija (Cuesta de La Chilca segment) in the Sierras Pampeanas Orientales (Eastern Pampean Sierras). The Pampeanas Orientales include from north to south the Aconquija, Ambato and Ancasti mountains. They are mainly composed of middle to high grade metasedimentary units and magmatic rocks. 
At the south end of the Sierra de Aconquija, along an east to west segment extending over nearly 10 km (Cuesta de La Chilca), large volumes of metasedimentary rocks crop out. The eastern metasediments were defined as members of the El Portezuelo Metamorphic-Igneous Complex (EPMIC) or Eastern block and the western ones relate to the Quebrada del Molle Metamorphic Complex (QMMC) or Western block. The two blocks are divided by the La Chilca Shear Zone, which is reactivated as the Rio Chanarito fault. 
The EPMIC, forming the hanging wall, is composed of schists, gneisses and rare amphibolites, calc- silicate schists, marbles and migmatites. The rocks underwent multiple episodes of deformation and a late high strain-rate episode with gradually increasing mylonitization to the west. Metamorphism progrades from a M-1 phase to the peak M-3, characterized by the reactions: Qtz + Pl + Bt +/- Ms -> Grt + Bt(2) + Pl(2) +/- Sil +/- Kfs, Qtz + Bt + Sil -> Crd + Kfs and Qtz + Grt + Sil -> Crd. The M-3 assemblage is coeval with the dominant foliation related to a third deformational phase (D-3). 

The QMMC, forming the foot wall, is made up of fine-grained banded quartz - biotite schists with quartz veins and quartz-feldspar-rich pegmatites. To the east, schists are also overprinted by mylonitization. The M-3 peak assemblage is quartz + biotite + plagioclase +/- garnet +/- sillimanite +/- muscovite +/- ilmenite +/- magnetite +/- apatite. 

The studied segment suffered multiphase deformation and metamorphism. Some of these phases can be correlated between both blocks. D-1 is locally preserved in scarce outcrops in the EPMIC but is the dominant in the QMMC, where S-1 is nearly parallel to S-0. In the EPMIC, D-2 is represented by the S-2 foliation, related to the F-2 folding that overprints S-1, with dominant strike NNW - SSE and high angles dip to the E. D-3 in the EPMIC have F-3 folds with axis oblique to S-2; the S-3 foliation has striking NW - SE dipping steeply to the E or W and develops interference patterns. In the QMMC, S-2 (D-2) is a discontinuous cleavage oblique to S-1 and transposed by S-3 (D-3), subparallel to S-1. Such structures in the QMMC developed at subsolidus conditions and could be correlated to those of the EPMIC, which formed under higher P-T conditions. The penetrative deformation D-2 in the EPMIC occurred during a prograde path with syntectonic growth of garnet reaching P-T conditions of 640 degrees C and 0.54 GPa in the EPMIC. This stage was followed by a penetrative deformation D-3 with syn-kinematic growth of garnet, cordierite and plagioclase. Peak P-T conditions calculated for M-3 are 710 degrees C and 0.60 GPa, preserved in the western part of the EPMIC, west of the unnamed fault.
The schists from the QMMC suffered the early low grade M-1 metamorphism with minimum PT conditions of ca 400 degrees C and 0.35 GPa, comparable to the fine schists (M-1) outcropping to the east. The D-2 deformation is associated with the prograde M-2 metamorphism. The penetrative D-3 stage is related to a medium grade metamorphism M-3, with peak conditions at ca 590 degrees C and 0.55 GPa.
The superimposed stages of deformation and metamorphism reaching high P-T conditions followed by isothermal decompression, defining a clockwise orogenic P-T path. During the Lower Paleozoic, folds were superimposed and recrystallization as well as partial melting at peak conditions occurred. Similar characteristics were described from the basement from other Famatinian-dominated locations of the Sierra de Aconquija and other ranges of the Sierras Pampeanas Orientales.
KW  - Famatinian
KW  - Sierras Pampeanas Orientales
KW  - Cuesta de la chilca
KW  - PT path
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103305
SN  - 0895-9811
VL  - 110
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Andersson, Edvin K. W.
A1  - Sångeland, Christofer
A1  - Berggren, Elin
A1  - Johansson, Fredrik O. L.
A1  - Kühn, Danilo
A1  - Lindblad, Andreas
A1  - Mindemark, Jonas
A1  - Hahlin, Maria
T1  - Early-stage decomposition of solid polymer electrolytes in Li-metal batteries
JF  - Journal of materials chemistry : A, Materials for energy and sustainability
N2  - Development of functional and stable solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) for battery applications is an important step towards both safer batteries and for the realization of lithium-based or anode-less batteries. The interface between the lithium and the solid polymer electrolyte is one of the bottlenecks, where severe degradation is expected. Here, the stability of three different SPEs - poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) - together with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) salt, is investigated after they have been exposed to lithium metal under UHV conditions. Degradation compounds, e.g. Li-O-R, LiF and LixSyOz, are identified for all SPEs using soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A competing degradation between polymer and salt is identified in the outermost surface region (<7 nm), and is dependent on the polymer host. PTMC:LiTFSI shows the most severe decomposition of both polymer and salt followed by PCL:LiTFSI and PEO:LiTFSI. In addition, the movement of lithium species through the decomposed interface shows large variation depending on the polymer electrolyte system.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ta05015j
SN  - 2050-7488
SN  - 2050-7496
VL  - 9
IS  - 39
SP  - 22462
EP  - 22471
PB  - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Andjelković, Marko
A1  - Chen, Junchao
A1  - Simevski, Aleksandar
A1  - Schrape, Oliver
A1  - Krstić, Miloš
A1  - Kraemer, Rolf
T1  - Monitoring of particle count rate and LET variations with pulse stretching inverters
JF  - IEEE transactions on nuclear science : a publication of the IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society
N2  - This study investigates the use of pulse stretching (skew-sized) inverters for monitoring the variation of count rate and linear energy transfer (LET) of energetic particles. The basic particle detector is a cascade of two pulse stretching inverters, and the required sensing area is obtained by connecting up to 12 two-inverter cells in parallel and employing the required number of parallel arrays. The incident particles are detected as single-event transients (SETs), whereby the SET count rate denotes the particle count rate, while the SET pulsewidth distribution depicts the LET variations. The advantage of the proposed solution is the possibility to sense the LET variations using fully digital processing logic. SPICE simulations conducted on IHP's 130-nm CMOS technology have shown that the SET pulsewidth varies by approximately 550 ps over the LET range from 1 to 100 MeV center dot cm(2) center dot mg(-1). The proposed detector is intended for triggering the fault-tolerant mechanisms within a self-adaptive multiprocessing system employed in space. It can be implemented as a standalone detector or integrated in the same chip with the target system.
KW  - Particle detector
KW  - pulse stretching inverters
KW  - single-event transient
KW  - (SET) count rate
KW  - SET pulsewidth distribution
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2021.3076400
SN  - 0018-9499
SN  - 1558-1578
VL  - 68
IS  - 8
SP  - 1772
EP  - 1781
PB  - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
CY  - New York, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Andreev, Andrei
A1  - Raschke, Elena
A1  - Biskaborn, Boris
A1  - Vyse, Stuart Andrew
A1  - Courtin, Jérémy
A1  - Böhmer, Thomas
A1  - Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen R.
A1  - Kruse, Stefan
A1  - Pestryakova, Luidmila Agafyevna
A1  - Herzschuh, Ulrike
T1  - Late Pleistocene to Holocene vegetation and climate changes in northwestern Chukotka (Far East Russia) deduced from lakes Ilirney and Rauchuagytgyn pollen records
JF  - Boreas : an international journal of quaternary research
N2  - This paper presents two new pollen records and quantitative climate reconstructions from northern Chukotka documenting environmental changes over the last 27.9 ka. Open tundra- and steppe-like habitats dominated between 27.9 and 18.7 cal. ka BP. Betula and Alnus shrubs might have grown in sheltered microhabitats but disappeared after 18.7 cal. ka BP. Although the climate was rather harsh, local herb-dominated communities supported herbivores as is evident by the presence of coprophilous spores in the sediments. The increase in Salix and Cyperaceae similar to 16.1 cal. ka BP suggests climate amelioration. Shrub Betula appeared similar to 15.9 cal. ka BP, and became dominant after similar to 15.52 cal. ka BP, whilst typical steppe communities drastically reduced. Very high presence of Botryococcus in the Lateglacial sediments reflects widespread shallow habitats, probably due to lake level increase. Shrub Alnus became common after similar to 13 cal. ka BP reflecting further climate amelioration. Simultaneously, herb communities gradually decreased in the vegetation reaching a minimum similar to 11.8 cal. ka BP. A gradual decrease of algae remains suggests a reduction of shallow-water habitats. Shrubby and graminoid tundra was dominant similar to 11.8-11.1 cal. ka BP, later Salix stands significantly decreased. The forest-tundra ecotone established in the Early Holocene, shortly after 11.1 cal. ka BP. Low contents of green algae in the Early Holocene sediments likely reflect deeper aquatic conditions. The most favourable climate conditions were between similar to 10.6 and 7 cal. ka BP. Vegetation became similar to the modern after similar to 7 cal. ka BP but Pinus pumila came to the Ilirney area at about 1.2 cal. ka BP. It is important to emphasize that the study area provided refugia for Betula and Alnus during MIS 2. It is also notable that our records do not reflect evidence of Younger Dryas cooling, which is inconsistent with some regional environmental records but in good accordance with some others.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12521
SN  - 0300-9483
SN  - 1502-3885
VL  - 50
IS  - 3
SP  - 652
EP  - 670
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Andres, Lesley
A1  - Lauterbach, Wolfgang
A1  - Jongbloed, Janine
A1  - Hümme, Hartwig
T1  - Gender, education, and labour market participation across the life course
BT  - a Canada/Germany comparison
JF  - International journal of lifelong education
N2  - In this paper, we employ a comparative life course approach for Canada and Germany to unravel the relationships among general and vocational educational attainment and different life course activities, with a focus on labour market and income inequality by gender. Life course theory and related concepts of 'time,' 'normative patterns,' 'order and disorder,' and 'discontinuities' are used to inform the analyses. Data from the Paths on Life's Way (Paths) project in British Columbia, Canada and the German Pathways from Late Childhood to Adulthood (LifE) which span 28 and 33 years, respectively, are employed to examine life trajectories from leaving school to around age 45. Sequence analysis and cluster analyses portray both within and between country differences - and in particular gender differences - in educational attainment, employment, and other activities across the life course which has an impact on ultimate labour market participation and income levels. 'Normative' life courses that follow a traditional order correspond with higher levels of full-time work and higher incomes; in Germany more so than Canada, these clusters are male dominated. Clusters characterised by 'disordered' and 'discontinuous' life courses in both countries are female dominated and associated with lower income levels.
KW  - Comparative life course trajectories
KW  - education
KW  - gender
KW  - work
KW  - income
KW  - labour market inequality
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/02601370.2021.1924302
SN  - 0260-1370
SN  - 1464-519X
VL  - 40
IS  - 2
SP  - 170
EP  - 189
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Andres, Maximilian
A1  - Bruttel, Lisa
A1  - Friedrichsen, Jana
T1  - The leniency rule revisited
BT  - experiments on cartel formation with open communication
JF  - International journal of industrial organization
N2  - The experimental literature on antitrust enforcement provides robust evidence that communication plays an important role for the formation and stability of cartels. We extend these studies through a design that distinguishes between innocuous communication and communication about a cartel, sanctioning only the latter. To this aim, we introduce a participant in the role of the competition authority, who is properly incentivized to judge the communication content and price setting behavior of the firms. Using this novel design, we revisit the question whether a leniency rule successfully destabilizes cartels. In contrast to existing experimental studies, we find that a leniency rule does not affect cartelization. We discuss potential explanations for this contrasting result.
KW  - cartel
KW  - judgment of communication
KW  - corporate leniency program
KW  - price competition
KW  - experiment
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2021.102728
SN  - 0167-7187
VL  - 76
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Angeleska, Angela
A1  - Omranian, Sara
A1  - Nikoloski, Zoran
T1  - Coherent network partitions
BT  - Characterizations with cographs and prime graphs
JF  - Theoretical computer science : the journal of the EATCS
N2  - We continue to study coherent partitions of graphs whereby the vertex set is partitioned into subsets that induce biclique spanned subgraphs. The problem of identifying the minimum number of edges to obtain biclique spanned connected components (CNP), called the coherence number, is NP-hard even on bipartite graphs. Here, we propose a graph transformation geared towards obtaining an O (log n)-approximation algorithm for the CNP on a bipartite graph with n vertices. The transformation is inspired by a new characterization of biclique spanned subgraphs. In addition, we study coherent partitions on prime graphs, and show that finding coherent partitions reduces to the problem of finding coherent partitions in a prime graph. Therefore, these results provide future directions for approximation algorithms for the coherence number of a given graph.
KW  - Graph partitions
KW  - Network clustering
KW  - Cographs
KW  - Coherent partition
KW  - Prime graphs
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2021.10.002
SN  - 0304-3975
VL  - 894
SP  - 3
EP  - 11
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Apriyanto, Ardha
A1  - Tambunan, Van Basten
T1  - Draft genome sequence, annotation, and SSR mining data of Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust., an essential oil palm pollinating weevil
JF  - Data in Brief
N2  - Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is an essential insect pollinator in oil palm plantations. Recently, researches have been undertaken to improve pollination efficiency using this species. A fundamental understanding of the genes related to this pollinator behavior is necessary to achieve this goal. Here, we present the draft genome sequence, annotation, and simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker data for this pollinator. In total, 34.97 Gb of sequence data from one male individual (monoisolate) were obtained using Illumina short-read platform NextSeq 500. The draft genome assembly was found to be 269.79 Mb and about 59.9% of completeness based on Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) assessment. Functional gene annotation predicted about 26.566 genes. Also, a total of 281.668 putative SSR markers were identified. This draft genome sequence is a valuable resource for understanding the population genetics, phylogenetics, dispersal patterns, and behavior of this species.
KW  - Whole-genome sequencing
KW  - NGS
KW  - Simple Sequence Repeat
KW  - Weevil
KW  - Curculionidae
KW  - Oil Palm
KW  - Pollinator
KW  - Genomics
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2021.106745
SN  - 2352-3409
VL  - 34
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Astudillo-Sotomayor, Luis
A1  - Jara Muñoz, Julius
A1  - Melnick, Daniel
A1  - Cortés‐Aranda, Joaquín
A1  - Tassara, Andrés
A1  - Strecker, Manfred
T1  - Fast Holocene slip and localized strain along the Liquiñe-Ofqui strike-slip fault system, Chile
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - In active tectonic settings dominated by strike-slip kinematics, slip partitioning across subparallel faults is a common feature; therefore, assessing the degree of partitioning and strain localization is paramount for seismic hazard assessments. Here, we estimate a slip rate of 18.8 +/- 2.0 mm/year over the past 9.0 +/- 0.1 ka for a single strand of the Liquirie-Ofqui Fault System, which straddles the Main Cordillera in Southern Chile. This Holocene rate accounts for similar to 82% of the trench-parallel component of oblique plate convergence and is similar to million-year estimates integrated over the entire fault system. Our results imply that strain localizes on a single fault at millennial time scale but over longer time scales strain localization is not sustained. The fast millennial slip rate in the absence of historical Mw> 6.5 earthquakes along the Liquine-Ofqui Fault System implies either a component of aseismic slip or Mw similar to 7 earthquakes involving multi-trace ruptures and > 150-year repeat times. Our results have implications for the understanding of strike-slip fault system dynamics within volcanic arcs and seismic hazard assessments.
KW  - Geodynamics
KW  - Geomorphology
KW  - Tectonics
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85036-5
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
PB  - Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Auer, Cornelia
A1  - Kriegler, Elmar
A1  - Carlsen, Henrik
A1  - Kok, Kasper
A1  - Pedde, Simona
A1  - Krey, Volker
A1  - Müller, Boris
T1  - Climate change scenario services
BT  - from science to facilitating action
JF  - One earth
N2  - The goal of limiting global warming to well below 2°C as set out in the Paris Agreement calls for a strategic assessment of societal pathways and policy strategies. Besides policy makers, new powerful actors from the private sector, including finance, have stepped up to engage in forward-looking assessments of a Paris-compliant and climate-resilient future. Climate change scenarios have addressed this demand by providing scientific insights on the possible pathways ahead to limit warming in line with the Paris climate goal. Despite the increased interest, the potential of climate change scenarios has not been fully unleashed, mostly due to a lack of an intermediary service that provides guidance and access to climate change scenarios. This perspective presents the concept of a climate change scenario service, its components, and a prototypical implementation to overcome this shortcoming aiming to make scenarios accessible to a broader audience of societal actors and decision makers.
KW  - climate change scenarios
KW  - climate change scenario services
KW  - climate services
KW  - co-production
KW  - visualization
KW  - capacity building
KW  - mitigation scenarios
KW  - adaptation scenarios
KW  - impact projections
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2021.07.015
SN  - 2590-3322
SN  - 2590-3330
VL  - 4
IS  - 8
SP  - 1074
EP  - 1082
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ayanbayev, Birzhan
A1  - Klebanov, Ilja
A1  - Li, Han Cheng
A1  - Sullivan, Tim J.
T1  - Gamma-convergence of Onsager-Machlup functionals
BT  - I. With applications to maximum a posteriori estimation in Bayesian inverse problems
JF  - Inverse problems : an international journal of inverse problems, inverse methods and computerised inversion of data
N2  - The Bayesian solution to a statistical inverse problem can be summarised by a mode of the posterior distribution, i.e. a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator. The MAP estimator essentially coincides with the (regularised) variational solution to the inverse problem, seen as minimisation of the Onsager-Machlup (OM) functional of the posterior measure. An open problem in the stability analysis of inverse problems is to establish a relationship between the convergence properties of solutions obtained by the variational approach and by the Bayesian approach. To address this problem, we propose a general convergence theory for modes that is based on the Gamma-convergence of OM functionals, and apply this theory to Bayesian inverse problems with Gaussian and edge-preserving Besov priors. Part II of this paper considers more general prior distributions.
KW  - Bayesian inverse problems
KW  - Gamma-convergence
KW  - maximum a posteriori
KW  - estimation
KW  - Onsager-Machlup functional
KW  - small ball probabilities;
KW  - transition path theory
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6420/ac3f81
SN  - 0266-5611
SN  - 1361-6420
VL  - 38
IS  - 2
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ayanbayev, Birzhan
A1  - Klebanov, Ilja
A1  - Lie, Han Cheng
A1  - Sullivan, Tim J.
T1  - Gamma-convergence of Onsager-Machlup functionals
BT  - II. Infinite product measures on Banach spaces
JF  - Inverse problems : an international journal of inverse problems, inverse methods and computerised inversion of data
N2  - We derive Onsager-Machlup functionals for countable product measures on weighted l(p) subspaces of the sequence space R-N. Each measure in the product is a shifted and scaled copy of a reference probability measure on R that admits a sufficiently regular Lebesgue density. We study the equicoercivity and Gamma-convergence of sequences of Onsager-Machlup functionals associated to convergent sequences of measures within this class. We use these results to establish analogous results for probability measures on separable Banach or Hilbert spaces, including Gaussian, Cauchy, and Besov measures with summability parameter 1 <= p <= 2. Together with part I of this paper, this provides a basis for analysis of the convergence of maximum a posteriori estimators in Bayesian inverse problems and most likely paths in transition path theory.
KW  - Bayesian inverse problems
KW  - Gamma-convergence
KW  - maximum a posteriori
KW  - estimation
KW  - Onsager-Machlup functional
KW  - small ball probabilities
KW  - transition path theory
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6420/ac3f82
SN  - 0266-5611
SN  - 1361-6420
VL  - 38
IS  - 2
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ayzel, Georgy
T1  - Deep neural networks in hydrology
BT  - the new generation of universal and efficient models
BT  - новое поколение универсальных и эффективных моделей
JF  - Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences
N2  - For around a decade, deep learning - the sub-field of machine learning that refers to artificial neural networks comprised of many computational layers - modifies the landscape of statistical model development in many research areas, such as image classification, machine translation, and speech recognition. Geoscientific disciplines in general and the field of hydrology in particular, also do not stand aside from this movement. Recently, the proliferation of modern deep learning-based techniques and methods has been actively gaining popularity for solving a wide range of hydrological problems: modeling and forecasting of river runoff, hydrological model parameters regionalization, assessment of available water resources. identification of the main drivers of the recent change in water balance components. This growing popularity of deep neural networks is primarily due to their high universality and efficiency. The presented qualities, together with the rapidly growing amount of accumulated environmental information, as well as increasing availability of computing facilities and resources, allow us to speak about deep neural networks as a new generation of mathematical models designed to, if not to replace existing solutions, but significantly enrich the field of geophysical processes modeling. This paper provides a brief overview of the current state of the field of development and application of deep neural networks in hydrology. Also in the following study, the qualitative long-term forecast regarding the development of deep learning technology for managing the corresponding hydrological modeling challenges is provided based on the use of "Gartner Hype Curve", which in the general details describes a life cycle of modern technologies.
N2  - В течение последнего десятилетия глубокое обучение - область машинного обучения, относящаяся к искусственным нейронным сетям, состоящим из множества вычислительных слоев, - изменяет ландшафт развития статистических моделей во многих областях исследований, таких как классификация изображений, машинный перевод, распознавание речи. Географические науки, а также входящая в их состав область исследования гидрологии суши, не стоят в стороне от этого движения. В последнее время применение современных технологий и методов глубокого обучения активно набирает популярность для решения широкого спектра гидрологических задач: моделирования и прогнозирования речного стока, районирования модельных параметров, оценки располагаемых водных ресурсов, идентификации факторов, влияющих на современные изменения водного режима. Такой рост популярности глубоких нейронных сетей продиктован прежде всего их высокой универсальностью и эффективностью. Представленные качества в совокупности с быстрорастущим количеством накопленной информации о состоянии окружающей среды, а также ростом доступности вычислительных средств и ресурсов, позволяют говорить о глубоких нейронных сетях как о новом поколении математических моделей, призванных если не заменить существующие решения, то значительно обогатить область моделирования геофизических процессов. В данной работе представлен краткий обзор текущего состояния области разработки и применения глубоких нейронных сетей в гидрологии. Также в работе предложен качественный долгосрочный прогноз развития технологии глубокого обучения для решения задач гидрологического моделирования на основе использования «кривой ажиотажа Гартнера», в общих чертах описывающей жизненный цикл современных технологий.
T2  - Глубокие нейронные сети в гидрологии
KW  - deep neural networks
KW  - deep learning
KW  - machine learning
KW  - hydrology
KW  - modeling
KW  - глубокие нейронные сети
KW  - глубокое обучение
KW  - машинное обучение
KW  - гидрология
KW  - моделирование
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu07.2021.101
SN  - 2541-9668
SN  - 2587-585X
VL  - 66
IS  - 1
SP  - 5
EP  - 18
PB  - Univ. Press
CY  - St. Petersburg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ayzel, Georgy
A1  - Heistermann, Maik
T1  - The effect of calibration data length on the performance of a conceptual hydrological model versus LSTM and GRU
BT  - a case study for six basins from the CAMELS dataset
JF  - Computers & geosciences : an international journal devoted to the publication of papers on all aspects of geocomputation and to the distribution of computer programs and test data sets ; an official journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology
N2  - We systematically explore the effect of calibration data length on the performance of a conceptual hydrological model, GR4H, in comparison to two Artificial Neural Network (ANN) architectures: Long Short-Term Memory Networks (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Units (GRU), which have just recently been introduced to the field of hydrology. We implemented a case study for six river basins across the contiguous United States, with 25 years of meteorological and discharge data. Nine years were reserved for independent validation; two years were used as a warm-up period, one year for each of the calibration and validation periods, respectively; from the remaining 14 years, we sampled increasing amounts of data for model calibration, and found pronounced differences in model performance. While GR4H required less data to converge, LSTM and GRU caught up at a remarkable rate, considering their number of parameters. Also, LSTM and GRU exhibited the higher calibration instability in comparison to GR4H. These findings confirm the potential of modern deep-learning architectures in rainfall runoff modelling, but also highlight the noticeable differences between them in regard to the effect of calibration data length.
KW  - Artificial neural networks
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Deep learning
KW  - Rainfall-runoff
KW  - modelling
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2021.104708
SN  - 0098-3004
SN  - 1873-7803
VL  - 149
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Baccini, Leonardo
A1  - Heinzel, Mirko
A1  - Koenig-Archibugi, Mathias
T1  - The social construction of global health priorities
BT  - an empirical analysis of contagion in bilateral health aid
JF  - International studies quarterly
N2  - Donors of development assistance for health typically provide funding for a range of disease focus areas, such as maternal health and child health, malaria, HIV/AIDS, and other infectious diseases. But funding for each disease category does not match closely its contribution to the disability and loss of life it causes and the cost-effectiveness of interventions. We argue that peer influences in the social construction of global health priorities contribute to explaining this misalignment. Aid policy-makers are embedded in a social environment encompassing other donors, health experts, advocacy groups, and international officials. This social environment influences the conceptual and normative frameworks of decision-makers, which in turn affect their funding priorities. Aid policy-makers are especially likely to emulate decisions on funding priorities taken by peers with whom they are most closely involved in the context of expert and advocacy networks. We draw on novel data on donor connectivity through health IGOs and health INGOs and assess the argument by applying spatial regression models to health aid disbursed globally between 1990 and 2017. The analysis provides strong empirical support for our argument that the involvement in overlapping expert and advocacy networks shapes funding priorities regarding disease categories and recipient countries in health aid.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqab092
SN  - 0020-8833
SN  - 1468-2478
VL  - 66
IS  - 1
PB  - Oxford University Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bade, Nadine
T1  - On the scope and nature of Maximise Presupposition
JF  - Language and linguistics compass
N2  - The paper introduces the principle Maximise Presupposition and its cognates. The main focus of the literature and this article is on the inferences that arise as a result of reasoning with Maximise Presupposition ('anti-presuppositions'). I will review the arguments put forward for distinguishing them from other inference types, most notably presuppositions and conversational implicatures. I will zoom in on three main issues regarding Maximise Presupposition and these inferences critically discussed in the literature: epistemic strength(ening), projection, and the role of alternatives. I will discuss more recent views which argue for either a uniform treatment of anti-presuppositions and implicatures and/or a revision of the original principle in light of new data and developments in pragmatics.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/lnc3.12416
SN  - 1749-818X
VL  - 15
IS  - 6
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Baert, By Stijn
A1  - Neyt, Brecht
A1  - Siedler, Thomas
A1  - Tobback, Ilse
A1  - Verhaest, Dieter
T1  - Student internships and employment opportunities after graduation
BT  - a field experiment
JF  - Economics of education review
N2  - Internships during tertiary education have become substantially more common over the past decades in many industrialised countries. This study examines the impact of a voluntary intra-curricular internship experience during university studies on the probability of being invited to a job interview. To estimate a causal relationship, we conducted a randomised field experiment in which we sent 1248 fictitious, but realistic, resumes to real job openings. We find that applicants with internship experience have, on average, a 12.6% higher probability of being invited to a job interview.
KW  - internship
KW  - hiring
KW  - field experiment
KW  - human capital
KW  - signalling
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2021.102141
SN  - 0272-7757
VL  - 83
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Baesler, Jessica
A1  - Michaelis, Vivien
A1  - Stiboller, Michael
A1  - Haase, Hajo
A1  - Aschner, Michael
A1  - Schwerdtle, Tanja
A1  - Sturzenbaum, Stephen R.
A1  - Bornhorst, Julia
T1  - Nutritive manganese and zinc overdosing in aging c. elegans result in a metallothionein-mediated alteration in metal homeostasis
JF  - Molecular Nutrition and Food Research
N2  - Manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) are not only essential trace elements, but also potential exogenous risk factors for various diseases. Since the disturbed homeostasis of single metals can result in detrimental health effects, concerns have emerged regarding the consequences of excessive exposures to multiple metals, either via nutritional supplementation or parenteral nutrition. This study focuses on Mn-Zn-interactions in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model, taking into account aspects related to aging and age-dependent neurodegeneration.
KW  - aging
KW  - C. elegans
KW  - homeostasis
KW  - manganese
KW  - zinc
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.202001176
SN  - 1613-4133
SN  - 1613-4125
VL  - 65
IS  - 8
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - Wiley-VCH GmbH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Balderas-Valadez, Ruth Fabiola
A1  - Pacholski, Claudia
T1  - Plasmonic Nanohole Arrays on Top of Porous Silicon Sensors
BT  - A Win-Win Situation
JF  - ACS applied materials & interfaces
N2  - Label-free optical sensors are attractive candidates, for example, for detecting toxic substances and monitoring biomolecular interactions. Their performance can be pushed by the design of the sensor through clever material choices and integration of components. In this work, two porous materials, namely, porous silicon and plasmonic nanohole arrays, are combined in order to obtain increased sensitivity and dual-mode sensing capabilities. For this purpose, porous silicon monolayers are prepared by electrochemical etching and plasmonic nanohole arrays are obtained using a bottom-up strategy. Hybrid sensors of these two materials are realized by transferring the plasmonic nanohole array on top of the porous silicon. Reflectance spectra of the hybrid sensors are characterized by a fringe pattern resulting from the Fabry–Pérot interference at the porous silicon borders, which is overlaid with a broad dip based on surface plasmon resonance in the plasmonic nanohole array. In addition, the hybrid sensor shows a significant higher reflectance in comparison to the porous silicon monolayer. The sensitivities of the hybrid sensor to refractive index changes are separately determined for both components. A significant increase in sensitivity from 213 ± 12 to 386 ± 5 nm/RIU is determined for the transfer of the plasmonic nanohole array sensors from solid glass substrates to porous silicon monolayers. In contrast, the spectral position of the interference pattern of porous silicon monolayers in different media is not affected by the presence of the plasmonic nanohole array. However, the changes in fringe pattern reflectance of the hybrid sensor are increased 3.7-fold after being covered with plasmonic nanohole arrays and could be used for high-sensitivity sensing. Finally, the capability of the hybrid sensor for simultaneous and independent dual-mode sensing is demonstrated.
KW  - optical sensors
KW  - porous silicon
KW  - surface plasmon resonance
KW  - plasmonic
KW  - nanohole arrays
KW  - bottom-up fabrication
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c07034
SN  - 1944-8244
SN  - 1944-8252
VL  - 13
IS  - 30
SP  - 36436
EP  - 36444
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Balderjahn, Ingo
A1  - Seegebarth, Barbara
A1  - Lee, Michael S. W.
T1  - Less is more!
BT  - The rationale behind the decision-making style of voluntary simplifiers
JF  - Journal of cleaner production
N2  - Enhancing consumer satisfaction and well-being is an important objective of companies, retailers and public policy makers. In the current debate on climate change, a consistent theme is that consumers in developed countries must learn to consume less. The present study (based on representative data sets from the US, N = 1,017, and Germany, N = 1030) addresses these issues by using a scenario-based experiment to analyze how satisfied voluntary simplifiers (people who voluntarily abstain from consumption) are with their purchase decisions in the case of a muesli brand. The research question is whether people who follow a sustainable, simple lifestyle are more satisfied with their daily consumption choices than people who have a more consumerist lifestyle. If so, it would be easier for many people to change their lifestyles and consume less. In addition, this scenario experiment manipulates consumer empowerment and decision complexity since both factors are supposed to influence purchase satisfaction. The results are consistent across both countries and indicate that voluntary simplifiers experience a higher level of purchasing satisfaction than non-simplifiers, whereby empowerment and decision complexity play different roles.
KW  - voluntarily simplicity
KW  - well-being
KW  - consumer empowerment
KW  - decision complexity
KW  - sustainable consumption
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124802
SN  - 0959-6526
SN  - 1879-1786
VL  - 284
PB  - Elsevier Science
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Balischewski, Christian
A1  - Choi, Hyung-Seok
A1  - Behrens, Karsten
A1  - Beqiraj, Alkit
A1  - Körzdörfer, Thomas
A1  - Gessner, Andre
A1  - Wedel, Armin
A1  - Taubert, Andreas
T1  - Metal sulfide nanoparticle synthesis with ionic liquids state of the art and future perspectives
JF  - ChemistryOpen
N2  - Metal sulfides are among the most promising materials for a wide variety of technologically relevant applications ranging from energy to environment and beyond. Incidentally, ionic liquids (ILs) have been among the top research subjects for the same applications and also for inorganic materials synthesis. As a result, the exploitation of the peculiar properties of ILs for metal sulfide synthesis could provide attractive new avenues for the generation of new, highly specific metal sulfides for numerous applications. This article therefore describes current developments in metal sulfide nano-particle synthesis as exemplified by a number of highlight examples. Moreover, the article demonstrates how ILs have been used in metal sulfide synthesis and discusses the benefits of using ILs over more traditional approaches. Finally, the article demonstrates some technological challenges and how ILs could be used to further advance the production and specific property engineering of metal sulfide nanomaterials, again based on a number of selected examples.
KW  - Ionic liquids
KW  - ionic liquid crystals
KW  - ionic liquid precursors
KW  - metal
KW  - sulfides
KW  - catalysis
KW  - electrochemistry
KW  - energy materials
KW  - LED
KW  - solar
KW  - cells
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/open.202000357
SN  - 2191-1363
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
SP  - 272
EP  - 295
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Balk, Maria
A1  - Behl, Marc
A1  - Nöchel, Ulrich
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
T1  - Enzymatically triggered Jack-in-the-box-like hydrogels
JF  - ACS applied materials & interfaces / American Chemical Society
N2  - Enzymes can support the synthesis or degradation of biomacromolecules in natural processes. Here, we demonstrate that enzymes can induce a macroscopic-directed movement of microstructured hydrogels following a mechanism that we call a "Jack-in-the-box" effect. The material's design is based on the formation of internal stresses induced by a deformation load on an architectured microscale, which are kinetically frozen by the generation of polyester locking domains, similar to a Jack-in-thebox toy (i.e., a compressed spring stabilized by a closed box lid). To induce the controlled macroscopic movement, the locking domains are equipped with enzyme-specific cleavable bonds (i.e., a box with a lock and key system). As a result of enzymatic reaction, a transformed shape is achieved by the release of internal stresses. There is an increase in entropy in combination with a swelling-supported stretching of polymer chains within the microarchitectured hydrogel (i.e., the encased clown pops-up with a pre-stressed movement when the box is unlocked). This utilization of an enzyme as a physiological stimulus may offer new approaches to create interactive and enzyme-specific materials for different applications such as an optical indicator of the enzyme's presence or actuators and sensors in biotechnology and in fermentation processes.
KW  - enzyme
KW  - hydrogels
KW  - stimuli-sensitive materials
KW  - shape change
KW  - poly(e-caprolactone)
KW  - switch
KW  - microporous
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c00466
SN  - 1944-8244
SN  - 1944-8252
VL  - 13
IS  - 7
SP  - 8095
EP  - 8101
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington, DC
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bandara, Lashi
T1  - Functional calculus and harmonic analysis in geometry
JF  - São Paulo journal of mathematical sciences / Instituto de Matemática e Estatística da Universidade de São Paulo
N2  - In this short survey article, we showcase a number of non-trivial geometric problems that have recently been resolved by marrying methods from functional calculus and real-variable harmonic analysis. We give a brief description of these methods as well as their interplay. This is a succinct survey that hopes to inspire geometers and analysts alike to study these methods so that they can be further developed to be potentially applied to a broader range of questions.
KW  - Functional calculus
KW  - Real-variable harmonic analysis
KW  - Elliptic boundary
KW  - value problems
KW  - Kato square root problem
KW  - Spectral flow
KW  - Riesz topology
KW  - Gigli-Mantegazza flow
KW  - Bisectorial operator
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40863-019-00149-0
SN  - 1982-6907
SN  - 2316-9028
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
SP  - 20
EP  - 53
PB  - Springer
CY  - Cham
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Barbot, Sylvain
A1  - Weiss, Jonathan R.
T1  - Connecting subduction, extension and shear localization across the Aegean Sea and Anatolia
JF  - Geophysical journal international
N2  - The Eastern Mediterranean is the most seismically active region in Europe due to the complex interactions of the Arabian, African, and Eurasian tectonic plates. Deformation is achieved by faulting in the brittle crust, distributed flow in the viscoelastic lower-crust and mantle, and Hellenic subduction, but the long-term partitioning of these mechanisms is still unknown. We exploit an extensive suite of geodetic observations to build a kinematic model connecting strike-slip deformation, extension, subduction, and shear localization across Anatolia and the Aegean Sea by mapping the distribution of slip and strain accumulation on major active geological structures. We find that tectonic escape is facilitated by a plate-boundary-like, translithospheric shear zone extending from the Gulf of Evia to the Turkish-Iranian Plateau that underlies the surface trace of the North Anatolian Fault. Additional deformation in Anatolia is taken up by a series of smaller-scale conjugate shear zones that reach the upper mantle, the largest of which is located beneath the East Anatolian Fault. Rapid north-south extension in the western part of the system, driven primarily by Hellenic Trench retreat, is accommodated by rotation and broadening of the North Anatolian mantle shear zone from the Sea of Marmara across the north Aegean Sea, and by a system of distributed transform faults and rifts including the rapidly extending Gulf of Corinth in central Greece and the active grabens of western Turkey. Africa-Eurasia convergence along the Hellenic Arc occurs at a median rate of 49.8mm yr(-1) in a largely trench-normal direction except near eastern Crete where variably oriented slip on the megathrust coincides with mixed-mode and strike-slip deformation in the overlying accretionary wedge near the Ptolemy-Pliny-Strabo trenches. Our kinematic model illustrates the competing roles the North Anatolian mantle shear zone, Hellenic Trench, overlying mantle wedge, and active crustal faults play in accommodating tectonic indentation, slab rollback and associated Aegean extension. Viscoelastic flow in the lower crust and upper mantle dominate the surface velocity field across much of Anatolia and a clear transition to megathrust-related slab pull occurs in western Turkey, the Aegean Sea and Greece. Crustal scale faults and the Hellenic wedge contribute only a minor amount to the large-scale, regional pattern of Eastern Mediterranean interseismic surface deformation.
KW  - Seismic cycle
KW  - Space geodetic surveys
KW  - Europe
KW  - Joint inversion
KW  - Kinematics of crustal and mantle deformation
KW  - Rheology: crust and
KW  - lithosphere
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab078
SN  - 0956-540X
SN  - 1365-246X
VL  - 226
IS  - 1
SP  - 422
EP  - 445
PB  - Blackwell
CY  - Oxford [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Baritello, Omar
A1  - Salzwedel, Annett
A1  - Sündermann, Simon
A1  - Niebauer, Josef
A1  - Völler, Heinz
T1  - The Pandora's Box of frailty assessments: Which is the best for clinical purposes in TAVI patients? A critical review
JF  - Journal of Clinical Medicine
N2  - Frailty assessment is recommended before elective transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) to determine post-interventional prognosis. Several studies have investigated frailty in TAVI-patients using numerous assessments; however, it remains unclear which is the most appropriate tool for clinical practice. Therefore, we evaluate which frailty assessment is mainly used and meaningful for ≤30-day and ≥1-year prognosis in TAVI patients. Randomized controlled or observational studies (prospective/retrospective) investigating all-cause mortality in older (≥70 years) TAVI patients were identified (PubMed; May 2020). In total, 79 studies investigating frailty with 49 different assessments were included. As single markers of frailty, mostly gait speed (23 studies) and serum albumin (16 studies) were used. Higher risk of 1-year mortality was predicted by slower gait speed (highest Hazard Ratios (HR): 14.71; 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.50–33.30) and lower serum albumin level (highest HR: 3.12; 95% CI 1.80–5.42). Composite indices (five items; seven studies) were associated with 30-day (highest Odds Ratio (OR): 15.30; 95% CI 2.71–86.10) and 1-year mortality (highest OR: 2.75; 95% CI 1.55–4.87). In conclusion, single markers of frailty, in particular gait speed, were widely used to predict 1-year mortality. Composite indices were appropriate, as well as a comprehensive assessment of frailty. View Full-Text
KW  - frailty tool
KW  - TAVI
KW  - older patients
KW  - elderly
KW  - cardiology
KW  - mortality
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10194506
SN  - 2077-0383
VL  - 10
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel, Schweiz
ET  - 19
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Barth-Weingarten, Dagmar
A1  - Küttner, Uwe-Alexander
A1  - Raymond, Chase Wesley
T1  - Pivots revisited
BT  - cesuring in action
JF  - Open linguistics
N2  - The term "pivot" usually refers to two overlapping syntactic units such that the completion of the first unit simultaneously launches the second. In addition, pivots are generally said to be characterized by the smooth prosodic integration of their syntactic parts. This prosodic integration is typically achieved by prosodic-phonetic matching of the pivot components. As research on such turns in a range of languages has illustrated, speakers routinely deploy pivots so as to be able to continue past a point of possible turn completion, in the service of implementing some additional or revised action. This article seeks to build on, and complement, earlier research by exploring two issues in more detail as follows: (1) what exactly do pivotal turn extensions accomplish on the action dimension, and (2) what role does prosodic-phonetic packaging play in this? We will show that pivot constructions not only exhibit various degrees of prosodic-phonetic (non-)integration, i.e., differently strong cesuras, but that they can be ordered on a continuum, and that this cline maps onto the relationship of the actions accomplished by the components of the pivot construction. While tighter prosodic-phonetic integration, i.e., weak(er) cesuring, co-occurs with post-pivot actions whose relationship to that of the pre-pivot tends to be rather retrospective in character, looser prosodic-phonetic integration, i.e., strong(er) cesuring, is associated with a more prospective orientation of the post-pivot's action. These observations also raise more general questions with regard to the analysis of action.
KW  - Conversation Analysis
KW  - Interactional Linguistics
KW  - syntax
KW  - talk-in-interaction
KW  - prosody
KW  - phonetics
KW  - cesuras
KW  - intonation units
KW  - social action
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/opli-2020-0152
SN  - 2300-9969
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
SP  - 613
EP  - 637
PB  - de Gruyter
CY  - Warsaw
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Barth-Weingarten, Dagmar
A1  - Ogden, Richard
T1  - “Chunking” spoken language
BT  - Introducing weak cesuras
JF  - Open linguistics
N2  - In this introductory paper to the special issue on “Weak cesuras in talk-in-interaction”, we aim to guide the reader into current work on the “chunking” of naturally occurring talk. It is conducted in the methodological frameworks of Conversation Analysis and Interactional Linguistics – two approaches that consider the interactional aspect of humans talking with each other to be a crucial starting point for its analysis. In doing so, we will (1) lay out the background of this special issue (what is problematic about “chunking” talk-in-interaction, the characteristics of the methodological approach chosen by the contributors, the cesura model), (2) highlight what can be gained from such a revised understanding of “chunking” in talk-in-interaction by referring to previous work with this model as well as the findings of the contributions to this special issue, and (3) indicate further directions such work could take starting from papers in this special issue. We hope to induce a fruitful exchange on the phenomena discussed, across methodological divides.
KW  - Conversation Analysis
KW  - Interactional Linguistics
KW  - prosody
KW  - phonetics
KW  - intonation units
KW  - talk-in-interaction
KW  - syntax
KW  - kinetics
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/opli-2020-0173
SN  - 2300-9969
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
SP  - 531
EP  - 548
PB  - De Gruyter
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bastian, Philipp U.
A1  - Robel, Nathalie
A1  - Schmidt, Peter
A1  - Schrumpf, Tim
A1  - Günter, Christina
A1  - Roddatis, Vladimir
A1  - Kumke, Michael U.
T1  - Resonance energy transfer to track the motion of lanthanide ions
BT  - what drives the intermixing in core-shell upconverting nanoparticles?
JF  - Biosensors : open access journal
N2  - The imagination of clearly separated core-shell structures is already outdated by the fact, that the nanoparticle core-shell structures remain in terms of efficiency behind their respective bulk material due to intermixing between core and shell dopant ions. In order to optimize the photoluminescence of core-shell UCNP the intermixing should be as small as possible and therefore, key parameters of this process need to be identified. In the present work the Ln(III) ion migration in the host lattices NaYF4 and NaGdF4 was monitored. These investigations have been performed by laser spectroscopy with help of lanthanide resonance energy transfer (LRET) between Eu(III) as donor and Pr(III) or Nd(III) as acceptor. The LRET is evaluated based on the Forster theory. The findings corroborate the literature and point out the migration of ions in the host lattices. Based on the introduced LRET model, the acceptor concentration in the surrounding of one donor depends clearly on the design of the applied core-shell-shell nanoparticles. In general, thinner intermediate insulating shells lead to higher acceptor concentration, stronger quenching of the Eu(III) donor and subsequently stronger sensitization of the Pr(III) or the Nd(III) acceptors. The choice of the host lattice as well as of the synthesis temperature are parameters to be considered for the intermixing process.
KW  - upconversion nanoparticles
KW  - lanthanoid migration
KW  - lanthanides
KW  - core-shell
KW  - energy transfer
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11120515
SN  - 2079-6374
VL  - 11
IS  - 12
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bataille-Gonzalez, Martin
A1  - Clerc, Marcel G.
A1  - Omel'chenko, Oleh
T1  - Moving spiral wave chimeras
JF  - Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics
N2  - We consider a two-dimensional array of heterogeneous nonlocally coupled phase oscillators on a flat torus and study the bound states of two counter-rotating spiral chimeras, shortly two-core spiral chimeras, observed in this system. In contrast to other known spiral chimeras with motionless incoherent cores, the two-core spiral chimeras typically show a drift motion. Due to this drift, their incoherent cores become spatially modulated and develop specific fingerprint patterns of varying synchrony levels. In the continuum limit of infinitely many oscillators, the two-core spiral chimeras can be studied using the Ott-Antonsen equation. Numerical analysis of this equation allows us to reveal the stability region of different spiral chimeras, which we group into three main classes-symmetric, asymmetric, and meandering spiral chimeras.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.104.L022203
SN  - 2470-0045
SN  - 2470-0053
VL  - 104
IS  - 2
PB  - American Physical Society
CY  - College Park
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bauch, Marcel
A1  - Fudickar, Werner
A1  - Linker, Torsten
T1  - Stereoselective [4+2] Cycloaddition of Singlet Oxygen to Naphthalenes Controlled by Carbohydrates
JF  - Molecules : a journal of synthetic chemistry and natural product chemistry
N2  - Stereoselective reactions of singlet oxygen are of current interest. Since enantioselective photooxygenations have not been realized efficiently, auxiliary control is an attractive alternative. However, the obtained peroxides are often too labile for isolation or further transformations into enantiomerically pure products. Herein, we describe the oxidation of naphthalenes by singlet oxygen, where the face selectivity is controlled by carbohydrates for the first time. The synthesis of the precursors is easily achieved starting from naphthoquinone and a protected glucose derivative in only two steps. Photooxygenations proceed smoothly at low temperature, and we detected the corresponding endoperoxides as sole products by NMR. They are labile and can thermally react back to the parent naphthalenes and singlet oxygen. However, we could isolate and characterize two enantiomerically pure peroxides, which are sufficiently stable at room temperature. An interesting influence of substituents on the stereoselectivities of the photooxygenations has been found, ranging from 51:49 to up to 91:9 dr (diastereomeric ratio). We explain this by a hindered rotation of the carbohydrate substituents, substantiated by a combination of NOESY measurements and theoretical calculations. Finally, we could transfer the chiral information from a pure endoperoxide to an epoxide, which was isolated after cleavage of the sugar chiral auxiliary in enantiomerically pure form.
KW  - singlet oxygen
KW  - photooxygenation
KW  - naphthalenes
KW  - carbohydrates
KW  - stereoselectivity
KW  - auxiliary control
KW  - [4+2] cycloaddition
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040804
SN  - 1420-3049
VL  - 16
IS  - 4
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bauer, Chris
A1  - Herwig, Ralf
A1  - Lienhard, Matthias
A1  - Prasse, Paul
A1  - Scheffer, Tobias
A1  - Schuchhardt, Johannes
T1  - Large-scale literature mining to assess the relation between anti-cancer drugs and cancer types
JF  - Journal of translational medicine
N2  - Background: 
There is a huge body of scientific literature describing the relation between tumor types and anti-cancer drugs. The vast amount of scientific literature makes it impossible for researchers and physicians to extract all relevant information manually. 

Methods:
In order to cope with the large amount of literature we applied an automated text mining approach to assess the relations between 30 most frequent cancer types and 270 anti-cancer drugs. We applied two different approaches, a classical text mining based on named entity recognition and an AI-based approach employing word embeddings. The consistency of literature mining results was validated with 3 independent methods: first, using data from FDA approvals, second, using experimentally measured IC-50 cell line data and third, using clinical patient survival data.

Results: 
We demonstrated that the automated text mining was able to successfully assess the relation between cancer types and anti-cancer drugs. All validation methods showed a good correspondence between the results from literature mining and independent confirmatory approaches. The relation between most frequent cancer types and drugs employed for their treatment were visualized in a large heatmap. All results are accessible in an interactive web-based knowledge base using the following link: .

Conclusions:
Our approach is able to assess the relations between compounds and cancer types in an automated manner. Both, cancer types and compounds could be grouped into different clusters. Researchers can use the interactive knowledge base to inspect the presented results and follow their own research questions, for example the identification of novel indication areas for known drugs.
KW  - Literature mining
KW  - Anti-cancer drugs
KW  - Tumor types
KW  - Word embeddings
KW  - Database
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-021-02941-z
SN  - 1479-5876
VL  - 19
IS  - 1
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Baum, Katharina
A1  - Meissner, Stefan
A1  - Krasnova, Hanna
T1  - Partisan self-interest is an important driver for people’s support for the regulation of targeted political advertising
JF  - PLoS one
N2  - The rapid emergence of online targeted political advertising has raised concerns over data privacy and what the government's response should be. This paper tested and confirmed the hypothesis that public attitudes toward stricter regulation of online targeted political advertising are partially motivated by partisan self-interest. We conducted an experiment using an online survey of 1549 Americans who identify as either Democrats or Republicans. Our findings show that Democrats and Republicans believe that online targeted political advertising benefits the opposing party. This belief is based on their conviction that their political opponents are more likely to be mobilized by online targeted political advertising than are supporters of their own party. We exogenously manipulated partisan self-interest considerations of a random subset of participants by truthfully informing them that, in the past, online targeted political advertising has benefited Republicans. Our findings show that Republicans informed about this had less favorable attitudes toward regulation than did their uninformed co-partisans. This suggests that Republicans' attitudes regarding stricter regulation are based not solely on concerns about privacy violations, but also, in part, are caused by beliefs about partisan advantage. The results imply that people are willing to accept violations of their privacy if their preferred party benefits from the use of online targeted political advertising.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250506
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 16
IS  - 5
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Baunach, Martin
A1  - Chowdhury, Somak
A1  - Stallforth, Pierre
A1  - Dittmann-Thünemann, Elke
T1  - The landscape of recombination events that create nonribosomal peptide diversity
JF  - Molecular biology and evolution : MBE
N2  - Nonribosomal peptides (NRP) are crucial molecular mediators in microbial ecology and provide indispensable drugs. Nevertheless, the evolution of the flexible biosynthetic machineries that correlates with the stunning structural diversity of NRPs is poorly understood. Here, we show that recombination is a key driver in the evolution of bacterial NRP synthetase (NRPS) genes across distant bacterial phyla, which has guided structural diversification in a plethora of NRP families by extensive mixing andmatching of biosynthesis genes. The systematic dissection of a large number of individual recombination events did not only unveil a striking plurality in the nature and origin of the exchange units but allowed the deduction of overarching principles that enable the efficient exchange of adenylation (A) domain substrates while keeping the functionality of the dynamic multienzyme complexes. In the majority of cases, recombination events have targeted variable portions of the A(core) domains, yet domain interfaces and the flexible A(sub) domain remained untapped. Our results strongly contradict the widespread assumption that adenylation and condensation (C) domains coevolve and significantly challenge the attributed role of C domains as stringent selectivity filter during NRP synthesis. Moreover, they teach valuable lessons on the choice of natural exchange units in the evolution of NRPS diversity, which may guide future engineering approaches.
KW  - evolution
KW  - recombination
KW  - structural diversity
KW  - natural products
KW  - nonribosomal peptide synthetases
KW  - microbial ecology
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab015
SN  - 0737-4038
SN  - 1537-1719
VL  - 38
IS  - 5
SP  - 2116
EP  - 2130
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Becker, George D.
A1  - D'Aloisio, Anson
A1  - Christenson, Holly M.
A1  - Zhu, Yongda
A1  - Worseck, Gábor
A1  - Bolton, James S.
T1  - The mean free path of ionizing photons at 5 < z < 6
BT  - evidence for rapid evolution near reionization
JF  - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
N2  - The mean free path of ionizing photons, lambda(mfp), is a key factor in the photoionization of the intergalactic medium (IGM). At z greater than or similar to 5, however, lambda(mfp) may be short enough that measurements towards QSOs are biased by the QSO proximity effect. We present new direct measurements of lambda(mfp) that address this bias and extend up to z similar to 6 for the first time. Our measurements at z similar to 5 are based on data from the Giant Gemini GMOS survey and new Keck LRIS observations of low-luminosity QSOs. At z similar to 6 we use QSO spectra from Keck ESI and VLT X-Shooter. We measure lambda(mfp) = 9.09(-1.28)(+1.62) proper Mpc and 0.75(-0.45)(+0.65) proper Mpc (68 percent confidence) at z = 5.1 and 6.0, respectively. The results at z = 5.1 are consistent with existing measurements, suggesting that bias from the proximity effect is minor at this redshift. At z = 6.0, however, we find that neglecting the proximity effect biases the result high by a factor of two or more. Our measurement at z = 6.0 falls well below extrapolations from lower redshifts, indicating rapid evolution in lambda(mfp) over 5 < z < 6. This evolution disfavours models in which reionization ended early enough that the IGM had time to fully relax hydrodynamically by z = 6, but is qualitatively consistent with models wherein reionization completed at z = 6 or even significantly later. Our mean free path results are most consistent with late reionization models wherein the IGM is still 20 percent neutral at z = 6, although our measurement at z = 6.0 is even lower than these models prefer.
KW  - intergalactic medium
KW  - quasars: absorption lines
KW  - cosmology: observations
KW  - dark ages
KW  - large-scale structure of Universe
KW  - reionization
KW  - first stars
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2696
SN  - 0035-8711
SN  - 1365-2966
VL  - 508
IS  - 2
SP  - 1853
EP  - 1869
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Beckmann, Nadine
A1  - Schumacher, Fabian
A1  - Kleuser, Burkhard
A1  - Gulbins, Erich
A1  - Nomellini, Vanessa
A1  - Caldwell, Charles C.
T1  - Burn injury impairs neutrophil chemotaxis through increased ceramide
JF  - Shock : injury, inflammation, and sepsis, laboratory and clinical approaches
N2  - Infection is a common and often deadly complication after burn injury. A major underlying factor is burn-induced immune dysfunction, particularly with respect to neutrophils as the primary responders to infection. Temporally after murine scald injury, we demonstrate impaired bone marrow neutrophil chemotaxis toward CXCL1 ex vivo. Additionally, we observed a reduced recruitment of neutrophils to the peritoneal after elicitation 7 days after injury. We demonstrate that neutrophil ceramide levels increase after burn injury, and this is associated with decreased expression of CXCR2 and blunted chemotaxis. A major signaling event upon CXCR2 activation is Akt phosphorylation and this was reduced when ceramide was elevated. In contrast, PTEN levels were elevated and PTEN-inhibition elevated phospho-Akt levels and mitigated the burn-induced neutrophil chemotaxis defect. Altogether, this study identifies a newly described pathway of ceramide-mediated suppression of neutrophil chemotaxis after burn injury and introduces potential targets to mitigate this defect and reduce infection-related morbidity and mortality after burn.
KW  - Acid sphingomyelinase
KW  - Akt
KW  - burn injury
KW  - ceramide
KW  - CXCR2
KW  - immune
KW  - dysfunction
KW  - neutrophil chemotaxis
KW  - PTEN
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1097/SHK.0000000000001693
SN  - 1073-2322
SN  - 1540-0514
VL  - 56
IS  - 1
SP  - 125
EP  - 132
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
CY  - Hagerstown, Md.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Beckus, Siegfried
A1  - Eliaz, Latif
T1  - Eigenfunctions growth of R-limits on graphs
JF  - Journal of spectral theory / European Mathematical Society
N2  - A characterization of the essential spectrum of Schrodinger operators on infinite graphs is derived involving the concept of R-limits. This concept, which was introduced previously for operators on N and Z(d) as "right-limits," captures the behaviour of the operator at infinity. For graphs with sub-exponential growth rate, we show that each point in sigma(ss)(H) corresponds to a bounded generalized eigenfunction of a corresponding R-limit of H. If, additionally, the graph is of uniform sub-exponential growth, also the converse inclusion holds.
KW  - Essential spectrum
KW  - Schrodinger operators
KW  - graphs
KW  - right limits
KW  - generalized eigenfunctions
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.4171/JST/389
SN  - 1664-039X
SN  - 1664-0403
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
SP  - 1895
EP  - 1933
PB  - EMS Press, an imprint of the European Mathematical Society - EMS - Publishing House GmbH, Institut für Mathematik, Technische Universität
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bedurke, Florian
A1  - Klamroth, Tillmann
A1  - Saalfrank, Peter
T1  - Many-electron dynamics in laser-driven molecules
BT  - wavefunction theory vs. density functional theory
JF  - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies
N2  - With recent experimental advances in laser-driven electron dynamics in polyatomic molecules, the need arises for their reliable theoretical modelling. Among efficient, yet fairly accurate methods for many-electron dynamics are Time-Dependent Configuration Interaction Singles (TD-CIS) (a Wave Function Theory (WFT) method), and Real-Time Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (RT-TD-DFT), respectively. Here we compare TD-CIS combined with extended Atomic Orbital (AO) bases, TD-CIS/AO, with RT-TD-DFT in a grid representation of the Kohn-Sham orbitals, RT-TD-DFT/Grid. Possible ionization losses are treated by complex absorbing potentials in energy space (for TD-CIS/AO) or real space (for RT-TD-DFT), respectively. The comparison is made for two test cases: (i) state-to-state transitions using resonant lasers (pi-pulses), i.e., bound electron motion, and (ii) large-amplitude electron motion leading to High Harmonic Generation (HHG). Test systems are a H-2 molecule and cis- and trans-1,2-dichlorethene, C2H2Cl2, (DCE). From time-dependent electronic energies, dipole moments and from HHG spectra, the following observations are made: first, for bound state-to-state transitions enforced by pi-pulses, TD-CIS nicely accounts for the expected population inversion in contrast to RT-TD-DFT, in agreement with earlier findings. Secondly, when using laser pulses under non-resonant conditions, dipole moments and lower harmonics in HHG spectra are obtained by TD-CIS/AO which are in good agreement with those obtained with RT-TD-DFT/Grid. Deviations become larger for higher harmonics and at low laser intensities, i.e., for low-intensity HHG signals. We also carefully test effects of basis sets for TD-CIS/AO and grid size for RT-TD-DFT/Grid, different exchange-correlation functionals in RT-TD-DFT, and absorbing boundaries. Finally, for the present examples, TD-CIS/AO is observed to be at least an order of magnitude more computationally efficient than RT-TD-DFT/Grid.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1039/d1cp01100f
SN  - 1463-9076
SN  - 1463-9084
VL  - 23
IS  - 24
SP  - 13544
EP  - 13560
PB  - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Behl, Marc
A1  - Balk, Maria
A1  - Lützow, Karola
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
T1  - Impact of block sequence on the phase morphology of multiblock copolymers obtained by high-throughput robotic synthesis
JF  - European polymer journal : EPJ
N2  - The chemical nature, the number length of integrated building blocks, as well as their sequence structure impact the phase morphology of multiblock copolymers (MBC) consisting of two non-miscible block types. We hypothesized that a strictly alternating sequence should favour phase segregation and in this way the elastic properties. A library of well-defined MBCs composed of two different hydrophobic, semi-crystalline blocks providing domains with well-separated melting temperatures (T(m)s) were synthesized from the same type of precursor building blocks as strictly alternating (MBCsalt) or random (MBCsran) MBCs and compared. Three different series of MBCsalt or MBCsran were synthesized by high-throughput synthesis by coupling oligo(e-caprolactone) (OCL) of different molecular weights (2, 4, and 8 kDa) with oligotetrahydrofuran (OTHF, 2.9 kDa) via Steglich esterification in which the molar ratio of the reaction partners was slightly adjusted. Maximum of weight average molecular weight (M-w) were 65,000 g center dot mol(-1), 165,000 g center dot mol(-1), and 168,000 g center dot mol(-1) for MBCsalt and 80,500 g center dot mol(-1), 100,000 g center dot mol(-1), and 147,600 g center dot mol(-1) for MBCsran. When Mw increased, a decrease of both Tms associated to the melting of the OCL and OTHF domains was observed for all MBCs. T-m (OTHF) of MBCsran was always higher than Tm (OTHF) of MBCsalt, which was attributed to a better phase segregation. In addition, the elongation at break of MBCsalt was almost half as high when compared to MBCsran. In this way this study elucidates role of the block length and sequence structure in MBCs and enables a quantitative discussion of the structure-function relationship when two semi-crystalline block segments are utilized for the design of block copolymers.
KW  - Multiblock copolymers
KW  - Sequence structure
KW  - Phase morphology
KW  - Polymer
KW  - library
KW  - Robotic synthesis
KW  - High-throughput
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110207
SN  - 0014-3057
SN  - 1873-1945
VL  - 143
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Behl, Marc
A1  - Balk, Maria
A1  - Mansfeld, Ulrich
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
T1  - Phase morphology of multiblock copolymers differing in sequence of blocks
JF  - Macromolecular materials and engineering
N2  - The chemical nature, the number length of integrated building blocks, as well as their sequence structure impact the phase morphology of multiblock copolymers (MBC) consisting of two non-miscible block types. It is hypothesized that a strictly alternating sequence should impact phase segregation. A library of well-defined MBC obtained by coupling oligo(epsilon-caprolactone) (OCL) of different molecular weights (2, 4, and 8 kDa) with oligotetrahydrofuran (OTHF, 2.9 kDa) via Steglich esterification results in strictly alternating (MBCalt) or random (MBCran) MBC. The three different series has a weight average molecular weight (M-w) of 65 000, 165 000, and 168 000 g mol(-1) for MBCalt and 80 500, 100 000, and 147 600 g mol(-1) for MBCran. When the chain length of OCL building blocks is increased, the tendency for phase segregation is facilitated, which is attributed to the decrease in chain mobility within the MBC. Furthermore, it is found that the phase segregation disturbs the crystallization by causing heterogeneities in the semi-crystalline alignment, which is attributed to an increase of the disorder of the OCL semi-crystalline alignment.
KW  - electron microscopy
KW  - multiblock copolymers
KW  - phase morphology
KW  - polymer
KW  - libraries
KW  - sequence structures
KW  - wide angle x‐ ray scattering
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202000672
SN  - 1439-2054
VL  - 306
IS  - 3
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Behm, David G.
A1  - Alizadeh, Shahab
A1  - Drury, Ben
A1  - Granacher, Urs
A1  - Moran, Jason
T1  - Non-local acute stretching effects on strength performance in healthy young adults
JF  - European journal of applied physiology
N2  - Background
Static stretching (SS) can impair performance and increase range of motion of a non-exercised or non-stretched muscle, respectively. An underdeveloped research area is the effect of unilateral stretching on non-local force output. 

Objective
The objective of this review was to describe the effects of unilateral SS on contralateral, non-stretched, muscle force and identify gaps in the literature. 

Methods
A systematic literature search following preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses Protocols guidelines was performed according to prescribed inclusion and exclusion criteria. Weighted means and ranges highlighted the non-local force output response to unilateral stretching. The physiotherapy evidence database scale was used to assess study risk of bias and methodological quality.

Results
Unilateral stretching protocols from six studies involved 6.3 +/- 2 repetitions of 36.3 +/- 7.4 s with 19.3 +/- 5.7 s recovery between stretches. The mean stretch-induced force deficits exhibited small magnitude effect sizes for both the stretched (-6.7 +/- 7.1%, d = -0.35: 0.01 to -1.8) and contralateral, non-stretched, muscles (-4.0 +/- 4.9%, d = , 0.22: 0.08 to 1.1). Control measures exhibited trivial deficits.

Conclusion
The limited literature examining non-local effects of prolonged SS revealed that both the stretched and contralateral, non-stretched, limbs of young adults demonstrate small magnitude force deficits. However, the frequency of studies with these effects were similar with three measures demonstrating deficits, and four measures showing trivial changes. These results highlight the possible global (non-local) effects of prolonged SS. Further research should investigate effects of lower intensity stretching, upper versus lower body stretching, different age groups, incorporate full warm-ups, and identify predominant mechanisms among others.
KW  - Flexibility
KW  - Power
KW  - Crossover
KW  - Fatigue
KW  - Mental fatigue
KW  - Neural inhibition
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-021-04657-w
SN  - 1439-6319
SN  - 1439-6327
VL  - 121
IS  - 6
SP  - 1517
EP  - 1529
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin ; Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Behrendt, Aileen  Jorena
T1  - Against the Capitalist Narrative of Success and Failure
BT  - the Precarious Lives of Jean Rhys`s Interwar Women
JF  - Writing the Economic Subject in Modern Western Europe : Representation, Contestation, Critique
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-631-85754-0
SN  - 978-3-631-85755-7
SN  - 978-3-631-83999-7
SN  - 978-3-631-85753-3
SP  - 137
EP  - 159
PB  - Lang
CY  - Frankfurt am Main
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Behrendt, Aileen Jorena
A1  - Courtman, Nicholas
T1  - Introduction
JF  - Writing the Economic Subject in Modern Western Europe : Representation, Contestation, Critique
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-631-85754-0
SN  - 978-3-631-85755-7
SN  - 978-3-631-83999-7
SN  - 978-3-631-85753-3
SP  - 9
EP  - 31
PB  - Lang
CY  - Frankfurt am Main
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Beirne, Elaine
A1  - Nic Giolla Mhichíl, Mairéad
A1  - Brown, Mark
A1  - Mac Lochlainn, Conchúr
T1  - Confidence Counts
BT  - Fostering Online Learning Self-Efficacy with a MOOC
JF  - EMOOCs 2021
N2  - The increasing reliance on online learning in higher education has been further expedited by the on-going Covid-19 pandemic. Students need to be supported as they adapt to this new learning environment. Research has established that learners with positive online learning self-efficacy beliefs are more likely to persevere and achieve their higher education goals when learning online. In this paper, we explore how MOOC design can contribute to the four sources of self-efficacy beliefs posited by Bandura [4]. Specifically, we will explore, drawing on learner reflections, whether design elements of the MOOC, The Digital Edge: Essentials for the Online Learner, provided participants with the necessary mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, and affective regulation opportunities, to evaluate and develop their online learning self-efficacy beliefs. Findings from a content analysis of discussion forum posts show that learners referenced three of the four information sources when reflecting on their experience of the MOOC. This paper illustrates the potential of MOOCs as a pedagogical tool for enhancing online learning self-efficacy among students.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-517220
SN  - 978-3-86956-512-5
VL  - 2021
SP  - 201
EP  - 208
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bekir, Marek
A1  - Jelken, Joachim
A1  - Jung, Se-Hyeong
A1  - Pich, Andrij
A1  - Pacholski, Claudia
A1  - Kopyshev, Alexey
A1  - Santer, Svetlana
T1  - Dual responsiveness of microgels induced by single light stimulus
JF  - Applied physics letters
N2  - We report on the multiple response of microgels triggered by a single optical stimulus. Under irradiation, the volume of the microgels is reversibly switched by more than 20 times. The irradiation initiates two different processes: photo-isomerization of the photo-sensitive surfactant, which forms a complex with the anionic microgel, rendering it photo-responsive; and local heating due to a thermo-plasmonic effect within the structured gold layer on which the microgel is deposited. The photo-responsivity is related to the reversible accommodation/release of the photo-sensitive surfactant depending on its photo-isomerization state, while the thermo-sensitivity is intrinsically built in. We show that under exposure to green light, the thermo-plasmonic effect generates a local hot spot in the gold layer, resulting in the shrinkage of the microgel. This process competes with the simultaneous photo-induced swelling. Depending on the position of the laser spot, the spatiotemporal control of reversible particle shrinking/swelling with a predefined extent on a per-second base can be implemented.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0036376
SN  - 0003-6951
SN  - 1077-3118
VL  - 118
IS  - 9
PB  - American Institute of Physics
CY  - Melville
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Belaid, Mohamed Karim
A1  - Rabus, Maximilian
A1  - Krestel, Ralf
T1  - CrashNet
BT  - an encoder-decoder architecture to predict crash test outcomes
JF  - Data mining and knowledge discovery
N2  - Destructive car crash tests are an elaborate, time-consuming, and expensive necessity of the automotive development process. Today, finite element method (FEM) simulations are used to reduce costs by simulating car crashes computationally. We propose CrashNet, an encoder-decoder deep neural network architecture that reduces costs further and models specific outcomes of car crashes very accurately. We achieve this by formulating car crash events as time series prediction enriched with a set of scalar features. Traditional sequence-to-sequence models are usually composed of convolutional neural network (CNN) and CNN transpose layers. We propose to concatenate those with an MLP capable of learning how to inject the given scalars into the output time series. In addition, we replace the CNN transpose with 2D CNN transpose layers in order to force the model to process the hidden state of the set of scalars as one time series. The proposed CrashNet model can be trained efficiently and is able to process scalars and time series as input in order to infer the results of crash tests. CrashNet produces results faster and at a lower cost compared to destructive tests and FEM simulations. Moreover, it represents a novel approach in the car safety management domain.
KW  - Predictive models
KW  - Time series analysis
KW  - Supervised deep neural
KW  - networks
KW  - Car safety management
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10618-021-00761-9
SN  - 1384-5810
SN  - 1573-756X
VL  - 35
IS  - 4
SP  - 1688
EP  - 1709
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Belitski, Maksim
A1  - Guenther, Christina
A1  - Kritikos, Alexander
A1  - Thurik, Adriaan R.
T1  - Economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on entrepreneurship and small businesses
JF  - Small business economics
N2  - The existential threat to small businesses, based on their crucial role in the economy, is behind the plethora of scholarly studies in 2020, the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Examining the 15 contributions of the special issue on the “Economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on entrepreneurship and small businesses,” the paper comprises four parts: a systematic review of the literature on the effect on entrepreneurship and small businesses; a discussion of four literature strands based on this review; an overview of the contributions in this special issue; and some ideas for post-pandemic economic research.
KW  - small businesses
KW  - entrepreneurs
KW  - COVID-19 pandemic
KW  - economic effects
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-021-00544-y
SN  - 0921-898X
SN  - 1573-0913
VL  - 58
IS  - 2
SP  - 593
EP  - 609
PB  - Springer Science + Business Media B.V.
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Belli, Francesco
A1  - Felisatti, Arianna
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - "BreaThink"
BT  - breathing affects production and perception of quantities
JF  - Experimental brain research
N2  - Cognition is shaped by signals from outside and within the body. Following recent evidence of interoceptive signals modulating higher-level cognition, we examined whether breathing changes the production and perception of quantities. In Experiment 1, 22 adults verbally produced on average larger random numbers after inhaling than after exhaling. In Experiment 2, 24 further adults estimated the numerosity of dot patterns that were briefly shown after either inhaling or exhaling. Again, we obtained on average larger responses following inhalation than exhalation. These converging results extend models of situated cognition according to which higher-level cognition is sensitive to transient interoceptive states.
KW  - breathing
KW  - embodied cognition
KW  - interoception
KW  - numerical cognition
KW  - situated cognition
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-021-06147-z
SN  - 0014-4819
SN  - 1432-1106
VL  - 239
IS  - 8
SP  - 2489
EP  - 2499
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ben Dor, Yoav
A1  - Flax, Tomer
A1  - Levitan, Itamar
A1  - Enzel, Yehouda
A1  - Brauer, Achim
A1  - Erel, Yigal
T1  - The paleohydrological implications of aragonite precipitation under contrasting climates in the endorheic Dead Sea and its precursors revealed by experimental investigations
JF  - Chemical geology : official journal of the European Association for Geochemistry
N2  - Carbonate minerals are common in both marine and lacustrine records, and are frequently used for paleoenvironmental reconstructions. The sedimentary sequence of the endorheic Dead Sea and its precursors contain aragonite laminae that provide a detailed sedimentary archive of climatic, hydrologic, limnologic and environmental conditions since the Pleistocene. However, the interpretation of these archives requires a detailed understanding of the constraints and mechanisms affecting CaCO3 precipitation, which are still debated. The implications of aragonite precipitation in the Dead Sea and in its late Pleistocene predecessor (Lake Lisan) were investigated in this study by mixing natural and synthetic brines with a synthetic bicarbonate solution that mimics flash-floods composition, with and without the addition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Aragonite precipitation was monitored, and precipitation rates and carbonate yields were calculated and are discussed with respect to modern aquatic environments. The experimental insights on aragonite precipitation are then integrated with microfacies analyses in order to reconstruct and constrain prevailing limnogeological processes and their hydroclimatic drivers under low (interglacial) and high (glacial) lake level stands. Aragonite precipitation took place within days to several weeks after the mixing of the brines with a synthetic bicarbonate solution. Incubation time was proportional to bicarbonate concentration, and precipitation rates were partially influenced by ionic strength. Additionally, extracellular polymeric substances inhibited aragonite precipitation for several months. As for the lake's water budget, our calculations suggest that the precipitation of a typical aragonite lamina (0.5 mm thick) during high lake stand requires unreasonable freshwater inflow from either surface or subsurface sources. This discrepancy can be resolved by considering one or a combination of the following scenarios; (1) discontinuous aragonite deposition over parts of the lake floor; (2) supply of additional carbonate flux (or fluxes) to the lake from aeolian dust and the remobilization and dissolution of dust deposits at the watershed; (3) carbonate production via oxidation of organic carbon by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Altogether, it is suggested that aragonite laminae thickness cannot be directly interpreted for quantitatively reconstructing the hydrological balance for the entire lake, they may still prove valuable for identifying inherent hydroclimatic periodicities at a single site.
KW  - Dead Sea
KW  - Lake Lisan
KW  - Aragonite
KW  - Varves
KW  - Paleolimnology
KW  - Paleohydrology
KW  - Dead Sea deep drilling project
KW  - EPS
KW  - Extracellular polymeric substances
KW  - Levant climate
KW  - Eastern Mediterranean
KW  - Paleoclimate
KW  - Lacustrine carbonate
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120261
SN  - 0009-2541
SN  - 1872-6836
VL  - 576
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bender, Benedict
A1  - Gronau, Norbert
T1  - Coring on digital software platforms
BT  - Fundamentals and Examples from the Mobile Device Sector
JF  - Schriften zur Business Analytics und zum Informationsmanagement
N2  - Today’s mobile devices are part of powerful business ecosystems, which usually involve digital platforms. To better understand the complex phenomenon of coring and related dynamics, this paper presents a case study comparing iMessage as part of Apple’s iOS and WhatsApp. Specifically, it investigates activities regarding platform coring, as the integration of several functionalities provided by third-party applications in the platform core. The paper makes three contributions. First, a systematization of coring activities is developed. Coring modes are differentiated by the amount of coring and application maintenance. Second, the case study revealed that the phenomenon of platform coring is present on digital platforms for mobile devices. Third, the fundamentals of coring are discussed as a first step towards theoretical development. Even though coring constitutes a potential threat for third-party developers regarding their functional differentiation, an idea of what a beneficial partnership incorporating coring activities could look like is developed here.
KW  - coring
KW  - digital platforms
KW  - digital marketplaces
KW  - mobile software ecosystems
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-658-34798-7
SN  - 978-3-658-34799-4
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34799-4_4
SN  - 2946-0670
SN  - 2946-0662
SP  - 45
EP  - 77
PB  - Springer
CY  - Wiesbaden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Benson, Lawrence
A1  - Makait, Hendrik
A1  - Rabl, Tilmann
T1  - Viper
BT  - An Efficient Hybrid PMem-DRAM Key-Value Store
JF  - Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment
N2  - Key-value stores (KVSs) have found wide application in modern software systems. For persistence, their data resides in slow secondary storage, which requires KVSs to employ various techniques to increase their read and write performance from and to the underlying medium. Emerging persistent memory (PMem) technologies offer data persistence at close-to-DRAM speed, making them a promising alternative to classical disk-based storage. However, simply drop-in replacing existing storage with PMem does not yield good results, as block-based access behaves differently in PMem than on disk and ignores PMem's byte addressability, layout, and unique performance characteristics. In this paper, we propose three PMem-specific access patterns and implement them in a hybrid PMem-DRAM KVS called Viper. We employ a DRAM-based hash index and a PMem-aware storage layout to utilize the random-write speed of DRAM and efficient sequential-write performance PMem. Our evaluation shows that Viper significantly outperforms existing KVSs for core KVS operations while providing full data persistence. Moreover, Viper outperforms existing PMem-only, hybrid, and disk-based KVSs by 4-18x for write workloads, while matching or surpassing their get performance.
KW  - memory
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.14778/3461535.3461543
SN  - 2150-8097
VL  - 14
IS  - 9
SP  - 1544
EP  - 1556
PB  - Association for Computing Machinery
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bergholz, Kolja
A1  - Kober, Klarissa
A1  - Jeltsch, Florian
A1  - Schmidt, Kristina
A1  - Weiß, Lina
T1  - Trait means or variance
BT  - What determines plant species' local and regional occurrence in fragmented dry grasslands?
JF  - Ecology and evolution
N2  - One of the few laws in ecology is that communities consist of few common and many rare taxa. Functional traits may help to identify the underlying mechanisms of this community pattern, since they correlate with different niche dimensions. However, comprehensive studies are missing that investigate the effects of species mean traits (niche position) and intraspecific trait variability (ITV, niche width) on species abundance. In this study, we investigated fragmented dry grasslands to reveal trait-occurrence relationships in plants at local and regional scales. We predicted that (a) at the local scale, species occurrence is highest for species with intermediate traits, (b) at the regional scale, habitat specialists have a lower species occurrence than generalists, and thus, traits associated with stress-tolerance have a negative effect on species occurrence, and (c) ITV increases species occurrence irrespective of the scale. We measured three plant functional traits (SLA = specific leaf area, LDMC = leaf dry matter content, plant height) at 21 local dry grassland communities (10 m × 10 m) and analyzed the effect of these traits and their variation on species occurrence. At the local scale, mean LDMC had a positive effect on species occurrence, indicating that stress-tolerant species are the most abundant rather than species with intermediate traits (hypothesis 1). We found limited support for lower specialist occurrence at the regional scale (hypothesis 2). Further, ITV of LDMC and plant height had a positive effect on local occurrence supporting hypothesis 3. In contrast, at the regional scale, plants with a higher ITV of plant height were less frequent. We found no evidence that the consideration of phylogenetic relationships in our analyses influenced our findings. In conclusion, both species mean traits (in particular LDMC) and ITV were differently related to species occurrence with respect to spatial scale. Therefore, our study underlines the strong scale-dependency of trait-abundance relationships.
KW  - LMA
KW  - niche width
KW  - plant functional trait
KW  - scale-dependency
KW  - species abundance
KW  - trait-environment relationship
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7287
SN  - 2045-7758
VL  - 11
IS  - 7
SP  - 3357
EP  - 3365
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bergström, Tomas
A1  - Franzke, Jochen
A1  - Kuhlmann, Sabine
A1  - Wayenberg, Ellen
T1  - Future Outlook and Scenarios
JF  - The Future of Local Self-Government : European Trends in Autonomy, Innovations and Central-Local Relations
N2  - Where is local self-government heading in the future? Among trends identified is firstly an intensification of multilevel, intermunicipal, and cross-border governance. In the future even more of cooperation and coordination among different political and administrative levels will be required. Territorial boundaries have become increasingly incongruent with functional public activities. Secondly, the innovative potential of introducing markets as templates for organisational reform has reached its end. Future reforms will most likely try to adapt market reforms to local public contexts, or even reverse the development. Finally, a tightening of state steering and an increased dependence on state funding to uphold local services is expected. Waves of amalgamations might slow down this process but they will not make financial problems disappear completely.
KW  - Local self-government
KW  - Governance
KW  - Organisational reform
KW  - Dependence
KW  - Amalgamations
KW  - Financial problems
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-030-56058-4
SN  - 978-3-030-56059-1
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56059-1_20
SP  - 227
EP  - 286
PB  - Springer
CY  - Cham
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bernardi, Rafael L.
A1  - Berdja, Amokrane
A1  - Dani Guzman, Christian
A1  - Torres-Torriti, Miguel
A1  - Roth, Martin M.
T1  - Restoration of images with a spatially varying PSF of the T80-S telescope optical model using neural networks
JF  - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
N2  - Most image restoration methods in astronomy rely upon probabilistic tools that infer the best solution for a deconvolution problem. They achieve good performances when the point spread function (PSF) is spatially invariant in the image plane. 

However, this condition is not always satisfied in real optical systems. We propose a new method for the restoration of images affected by static and anisotropic aberrations using Deep Neural Networks that can be directly applied to sky images. 
The network is trained using simulated sky images corresponding to the T80-S Telescope optical model, a 80-cm survey imager at Cerro Tololo (Chile), which are synthesized using a Zernike polynomial representation of the optical system. 

Once trained, the network can be used directly on sky images, outputting a corrected version of the image that has a constant and known PSF across its field of view. The method is to be tested on the T80-S Telescope. 
We present the method and results on synthetic data.
KW  - methods: statistical
KW  - techniques: image processing
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3400
SN  - 0035-8711
SN  - 1365-2966
VL  - 510
IS  - 3
SP  - 4284
EP  - 4294
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bernhardt, Anne
A1  - Schwanghart, Wolfgang
T1  - Where and why do submarine canyons remain connected to the shore during sea-level rise?
BT  - Insights from global topographic analysis and Bayesian regression
JF  - Geophysical research letters : GRL / American Geophysical Union
N2  - The efficiency of sediment routing from land to the ocean depends on the position of submarine canyon heads with regard to terrestrial sediment sources. We aim to identify the main controls on whether a submarine canyon head remains connected to terrestrial sediment input during Holocene sea-level rise. Globally, we identified 798 canyon heads that are currently located at the 120m-depth contour (the Last Glacial Maximum shoreline) and 183 canyon heads that are connected to the shore (within a distance of 6 km) during the present-day highstand. Regional hotspots of shore-connected canyons are the Mediterranean active margin and the Pacific coast of Central and South America. We used 34 terrestrial and marine predictor variables to predict shore-connected canyon occurrence using Bayesian regression. Our analysis shows that steep and narrow shelves facilitate canyon-head connectivity to the shore. Moreover, shore-connected canyons occur preferentially along active margins characterized by resistant bedrock and high river-water discharge.
KW  - Bayesian statistics
KW  - headward erosion
KW  - seascape
KW  - shoreline
KW  - submarine
KW  - canyon
KW  - turbidity current
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL092234
SN  - 0094-8276
SN  - 1944-8007
VL  - 48
IS  - 10
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bertok, Eva
A1  - Meško, Gorazd
A1  - Schuster, Isabell
A1  - Tomaszewska, Paulina
ED  - Schuster, Isabell
ED  - Tomaszewska, Paulina
T1  - Physical teen dating violence in high school students in Slovenia
BT  - prevalence and correlates
JF  - New directions for child and adolescent development
N2  - Although teen dating violence (TDV) is internationally recognized as a serious threat to adolescents' health and well-being, almost no data is available for Slovenian youth. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and predictors of TDV among Slovenian adolescents for the first time. Using data from the SPMAD study (Study of Parental Monitoring and Adolescent Delinquency), 330 high school students were asked about physical TDV victimization and perpetration as well as about their dating history, relationship conflicts, peers' antisocial behavior, and informal social control by family and school. A substantial number of female andmale adolescents reported victimization (16.7% of female and 12.7% of male respondents) and perpetration (21.1% of female and 6.0% of male respondents). Furthermore, the results revealed that lower age at the first relationship, relationship conflicts, and school informal social control were associated with victimization, whereas being female, relationship conflicts, having antisocial peers, and family informal social control were linked to perpetration. Implications of the study findings were discussed.
KW  - dating aggression
KW  - Slovenia
KW  - teen dating violence
KW  - victimization
KW  - youth
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20436
SN  - 1534-8687
VL  - 178
SP  - 59
EP  - 77
PB  - Jossey-Bass
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bertram, Christoph
A1  - Riahi, Keywan
A1  - Hilaire, Jérôme
A1  - Bosetti, Valentina
A1  - Drouet, Laurent
A1  - Fricko, Oliver
A1  - Malik, Aman
A1  - Nogueira, Larissa Pupo
A1  - van der Zwaan, Bob
A1  - van Ruijven, Bas
A1  - van Vuuren, Detlef P.
A1  - Weitzel, Matthias
A1  - Longa, Francesco Dalla
A1  - de Boer, Harmen-Sytze
A1  - Emmerling, Johannes
A1  - Fosse, Florian
A1  - Fragkiadakis, Kostas
A1  - Harmsen, Mathijs
A1  - Keramidas, Kimon
A1  - Kishimoto, Paul Natsuo
A1  - Kriegler, Elmar
A1  - Krey, Volker
A1  - Paroussos, Leonidas
A1  - Saygin, Deger
A1  - Vrontisi, Zoi
A1  - Luderer, Gunnar
T1  - Energy system developments and investments in the decisive decade for the Paris Agreement goals
JF  - Environmental research letters
N2  - The Paris Agreement does not only stipulate to limit the global average temperature increase to well below 2 °C, it also calls for 'making finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions'. Consequently, there is an urgent need to understand the implications of climate targets for energy systems and quantify the associated investment requirements in the coming decade. A meaningful analysis must however consider the near-term mitigation requirements to avoid the overshoot of a temperature goal. It must also include the recently observed fast technological progress in key mitigation options. Here, we use a new and unique scenario ensemble that limit peak warming by construction and that stems from seven up-to-date integrated assessment models. This allows us to study the near-term implications of different limits to peak temperature increase under a consistent and up-to-date set of assumptions. We find that ambitious immediate action allows for limiting median warming outcomes to well below 2 °C in all models. By contrast, current nationally determined contributions for 2030 would add around 0.2 °C of peak warming, leading to an unavoidable transgression of 1.5 °C in all models, and 2 °C in some. In contrast to the incremental changes as foreseen by current plans, ambitious peak warming targets require decisive emission cuts until 2030, with the most substantial contribution to decarbonization coming from the power sector. Therefore, investments into low-carbon power generation need to increase beyond current levels to meet the Paris goals, especially for solar and wind technologies and related system enhancements for electricity transmission, distribution and storage. Estimates on absolute investment levels, up-scaling of other low-carbon power generation technologies and investment shares in less ambitious scenarios vary considerably across models. In scenarios limiting peak warming to below 2 °C, while coal is phased out quickly, oil and gas are still being used significantly until 2030, albeit at lower than current levels. This requires continued investments into existing oil and gas infrastructure, but investments into new fields in such scenarios might not be needed. The results show that credible and effective policy action is essential for ensuring efficient allocation of investments aligned with medium-term climate targets.
KW  - Paris Agreement
KW  - energy investments
KW  - mitigation policies
KW  - climate policy
KW  - integrated assessment modelling
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac09ae
SN  - 1748-9326
VL  - 16
IS  - 7
PB  - IOP Publishing
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bethge, Joseph
A1  - Serth, Sebastian
A1  - Staubitz, Thomas
A1  - Wuttke, Tobias
A1  - Nordemann, Oliver
A1  - Das, Partha-Pratim
A1  - Meinel, Christoph
T1  - TransPipe
BT  - A Pipeline for Automated Transcription and Translation of Videos
JF  - EMOOCs 2021
N2  - Online learning environments, such as Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), often rely on videos as a major component to convey knowledge. However, these videos exclude potential participants who do not understand the lecturer’s language, regardless of whether that is due to language unfamiliarity or aural handicaps. Subtitles and/or interactive transcripts solve this issue, ease navigation based on the content, and enable indexing and retrieval by search engines. Although there are several automated speech-to-text converters and translation tools, their quality varies and the process of integrating them can be quite tedious. Thus, in practice, many videos on MOOC platforms only receive subtitles after the course is already finished (if at all) due to a lack of resources. This work describes an approach to tackle this issue by providing a dedicated tool, which is closing this gap between MOOC platforms and transcription and translation tools and offering a simple workflow that can easily be handled by users with a less technical background. The proposed method is designed and evaluated by qualitative interviews with three major MOOC providers.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-516943
VL  - 2021
SP  - 79
EP  - 94
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Birukov, Anna
A1  - Cuadrat, Rafael R. C.
A1  - Polemiti, Elli
A1  - Eichelmann, Fabian
A1  - Schulze, Matthias Bernd
T1  - Advanced glycation end-products, measured as skin autofluorescence, associate with vascular stiffness in diabetic, pre-diabetic and normoglycemic individuals
BT  - a cross-sectional study
JF  - Cardiovascular diabetology
N2  - Background Advanced glycation end-products are proteins that become glycated after contact with sugars and are implicated in endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffening. We aimed to investigate the relationships between advanced glycation end-products, measured as skin autofluorescence, and vascular stiffness in various glycemic strata. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam cohort, comprising n = 3535 participants (median age 67 years, 60% women). Advanced glycation end-products were measured as skin autofluorescence with AGE-Reader (TM), vascular stiffness was measured as pulse wave velocity, augmentation index and ankle-brachial index with Vascular Explorer (TM). A subset of 1348 participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Participants were sub-phenotyped into normoglycemic, prediabetes and diabetes groups. Associations between skin autofluorescence and various indices of vascular stiffness were assessed by multivariable regression analyses and were adjusted for age, sex, measures of adiposity and lifestyle, blood pressure, prevalent conditions, medication use and blood biomarkers. Results Skin autofluorescence associated with pulse wave velocity, augmentation index and ankle-brachial index, adjusted beta coefficients (95% CI) per unit skin autofluorescence increase: 0.38 (0.21; 0.55) for carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, 0.25 (0.14; 0.37) for aortic pulse wave velocity, 1.00 (0.29; 1.70) for aortic augmentation index, 4.12 (2.24; 6.00) for brachial augmentation index and - 0.04 (- 0.05; - 0.02) for ankle-brachial index. The associations were strongest in men, younger individuals and were consistent across all glycemic strata: for carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity 0.36 (0.12; 0.60) in normoglycemic, 0.33 (- 0.01; 0.67) in prediabetes and 0.45 (0.09; 0.80) in diabetes groups; with similar estimates for aortic pulse wave velocity. Augmentation index was associated with skin autofluorescence only in normoglycemic and diabetes groups. Ankle-brachial index inversely associated with skin autofluorescence across all sex, age and glycemic strata. Conclusions Our findings indicate that advanced glycation end-products measured as skin autofluorescence might be involved in vascular stiffening independent of age and other cardiometabolic risk factors not only in individuals with diabetes but also in normoglycemic and prediabetic conditions. Skin autofluorescence might prove as a rapid and non-invasive method for assessment of macrovascular disease progression across all glycemic strata.
KW  - Advanced glycation end-products
KW  - AGE
KW  - Ankle-brachial index
KW  - Augmentation
KW  - index
KW  - Prediabetes
KW  - Glycemia
KW  - Pulse wave velocity
KW  - Skin
KW  - autofluorescence
KW  - Vascular stiffness
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-021-01296-5
SN  - 1475-2840
VL  - 20
IS  - 1
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bièvre-Perrin, Fabien
ED  - Bièvre-Perrin, Fabien
ED  - Carlà-Uhink, Filippo
ED  - Rollinger, Christian
ED  - Walde, Christine
T1  - “Everything is a copy of a copy of a copy”
BT  - Preface
JF  - thersites 13: Antiquipop – Chefs d’œuvres revisités
N2  - A quote from Fight Club (Chuck Palahniuk, 1996) may seem unusual for a Classicist. Nevertheless, this famous sentence summarises the contents of this special issue of thersites perfectly. As specialists in classical reception frequently witness, there is a sort of déjà-vu effect when it comes to the presence of Antiquity within popular culture. In 2019, to try to better understand the phenomenon, Antiquipop invited researchers to take an interest in the construction and semantic path of these “masterpieces” in contemporary popular culture, with a particular focus on the 21st century.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.34679/thersites.vol13.191
SN  - 2364-7612
VL  - 2021
IS  - 13
SP  - i
EP  - v
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Björk, Jennie
A1  - Hölzle, Katharina
A1  - Boer, Harry
T1  - ‘What will we learn from the current crisis?’
JF  - Creativity and innovation management
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12442
SN  - 0963-1690
SN  - 1467-8691
VL  - 30
IS  - 2
SP  - 231
EP  - 232
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Blackwell, Virginia Katherine
A1  - Wiltrout, Mary Ellen
T1  - Learning During COVID-19
BT  - Engagement and Attainment in an Introductory Biology MOOC
JF  - EMOOCs 2021
N2  - During the COVID-19 pandemic, learning in higher education and beyond shifted en masse to online formats, with the short- and long-term consequences for Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) platforms, learners, and creators still under evaluation. In this paper, we sought to determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic and this shift to online learning led to increased learner engagement and attainment in a single introductory biology MOOC through evaluating enrollment, proportional and individual engagement, and verification and performance data. As this MOOC regularly operates each year, we compared these data collected from two course runs during the pandemic to three pre-pandemic runs. During the first pandemic run, the number and rate of learners enrolling in the course doubled when compared to prior runs, while the second pandemic run indicated a gradual return to pre-pandemic enrollment. Due to higher enrollment, more learners viewed videos, attempted problems, and posted to the discussion forums during the pandemic. Participants engaged with forums in higher proportions in both pandemic runs, but the proportion of participants who viewed videos decreased in the second pandemic run relative to the prior runs. A higher percentage of learners chose to pursue a certificate via the verified track in each pandemic run, though a smaller proportion earned certification in the second pandemic run. During the pandemic, more enrolled learners did not necessarily correlate to greater engagement by all metrics. While verified-track learner performance varied widely during each run, the effects of the pandemic were not uniform for learners, much like in other aspects of life. As such, individual engagement trends in the first pandemic run largely resemble pre-pandemic metrics but with more learners overall, while engagement trends in the second pandemic run are less like pre-pandemic metrics, hinting at learner “fatigue”. This study serves to highlight the life-long learning opportunity that MOOCs offer is even more critical when traditional education modes are disrupted and more people are at home or unemployed. This work indicates that this boom in MOOC participation may not remain at a high level for the longer term in any one course, but overall, the number of MOOCs, programs, and learners continues to grow.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-517251
SN  - 978-3-86956-512-5
VL  - 2021
SP  - 219
EP  - 236
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Blaesius, Thomas
A1  - Friedrich, Tobias
A1  - Schirneck, Friedrich Martin
T1  - The complexity of dependency detection and discovery in relational databases
JF  - Theoretical computer science
N2  - Multi-column dependencies in relational databases come associated with two different computational tasks. The detection problem is to decide whether a dependency of a certain type and size holds in a given database, the discovery problem asks to enumerate all valid dependencies of that type. We settle the complexity of both of these problems for unique column combinations (UCCs), functional dependencies (FDs), and inclusion dependencies (INDs). We show that the detection of UCCs and FDs is W[2]-complete when parameterized by the solution size. The discovery of inclusion-wise minimal UCCs is proven to be equivalent under parsimonious reductions to the transversal hypergraph problem of enumerating the minimal hitting sets of a hypergraph. The discovery of FDs is equivalent to the simultaneous enumeration of the hitting sets of multiple input hypergraphs. We further identify the detection of INDs as one of the first natural W[3]-complete problems. The discovery of maximal INDs is shown to be equivalent to enumerating the maximal satisfying assignments of antimonotone, 3-normalized Boolean formulas.
KW  - data profiling
KW  - enumeration complexity
KW  - functional dependency
KW  - inclusion
KW  - dependency
KW  - parameterized complexity
KW  - parsimonious reduction
KW  - transversal hypergraph
KW  - Unique column combination
KW  - W[3]-completeness
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2021.11.020
SN  - 0304-3975
SN  - 1879-2294
VL  - 900
SP  - 79
EP  - 96
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Blanchard, Ingrid
A1  - Abeykoon, Sumith
A1  - Frost, Daniel J.
A1  - Rubie, David C.
T1  - Sulfur content at sulfide saturation of peridotitic melt at upper mantle conditions
JF  - American mineralogist : an international journal of earth and planetary materials / Mineralogical Society of America
N2  - The concentration of sulfur that can be dissolved in a silicate liquid is of fundamental importance because it is closely associated with several major Earth-related processes. Considerable effort has been made to understand the interplay between the effects of silicate melt composition and its capac-ity to retain sulfur, but the dependence on pressure and temperature is mostly based on experiments performed at pressures and temperatures below 6 GPa and 2073 K. Here we present a study of the effects of pressure and temperature on sulfur content at sulfide saturation of a peridotitic liquid. We performed 14 multi-anvil experiments using a peridotitic starting composition, and we produced 25 new measurements at conditions ranging from 7 to 23 GPa and 2173 to 2623 K. We analyzed the recovered samples using both electron microprobe and laser ablation ICP-MS. We compiled our data together with previously published data that were obtained at lower P-T conditions and with various silicate melt compositions. We present a new model based on this combined data set that encompasses the entire range of upper mantle pressure-temperature conditions, along with the effect of a wide range of silicate melt compositions. Our findings are consistent with earlier work based on extrapolation from lower-pressure and lower-temperature experiments and show a decrease of sulfur content at sulfide saturation (SCSS) with increasing pressure and an increase of SCSS with increasing temperature. We have extrapolated our results to pressure-temperature conditions of the Earth's primitive magma ocean, and show that FeS will exsolve from the molten silicate and can effectively be extracted to the core by a process that has been termed the "Hadean Matte." We also discuss briefly the implications of our results for the lunar magma ocean.
KW  - Peridotitic melts
KW  - sulfur solubility
KW  - high pressure
KW  - high temperature
KW  - magma ocean
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2021-7649
SN  - 0003-004X
SN  - 1945-3027
VL  - 106
IS  - 11
SP  - 1835
EP  - 1843
PB  - Mineralogical Society of America
CY  - Washington, DC [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Blanke, Aglaja
A1  - Kwiatek, Grzegorz
A1  - Goebel, Thomas H. W.
A1  - Bohnhoff, Marco
A1  - Dresen, Georg
T1  - Stress drop-magnitude dependence of acoustic emissions during laboratory stick-slip
JF  - Geophysical journal international / the Royal Astronomical Society, the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft and the European Geophysical Society
N2  - Earthquake source parameters such as seismic stress drop and corner frequency are observed to vary widely, leading to persistent discussion on potential scaling of stress drop and event size. Physical mechanisms that govern stress drop variations arc difficult to evaluate in nature and are more readily studied in controlled laboratory experiments. We perform two stick-slip experiments on fractured (rough) and cut (smooth) Westerly granite samples to explore fault roughness effects on acoustic emission (AE) source parameters. We separate large stick-slip events that generally saturate the seismic recording system from populations of smaller AE events which are sensitive to fault stresses prior to slip. AE event populations show many similarities to natural seismicity and may be interpreted as laboratory equivalent of natural microseismic events. We then compare the temporal evolution of mechanical data such as measured stress release during slip to temporal changes in stress drops derived from Alis using the spectral ratio technique. We report on two primary observations: (1) In contrast to most case studies for natural earthquakes, we observe a strong increase in seismic stress drop with AE size. (2) The scaling of stress drop with magnitude is governed by fault roughness, whereby the rough fault shows a more rapid increase of the stress drop magnitude relation with progressing large stick-slip events than the smooth fault. The overall range of AE sizes on the rough surface is influenced by both the average grain size and the width of the fault core. The magnitudes of the smallest AE events on smooth faults may also be governed by grain size. However, AEs significantly grow beyond peak roughness and the width of the fault core. Our laboratory tests highlight that source parameters vary substantially in the presence of fault zone heterogeneity (i.e. roughness and narrow grain size distribution), which may affect seismic energy partitioning and static stress drops of small and large AE events.
KW  - Acoustic properties
KW  - Body waves
KW  - Earthquake dynamics
KW  - Earthquake source observations
KW  - Dynamics and mechanics of faulting
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa524
SN  - 0956-540X
SN  - 1365-246X
VL  - 224
IS  - 2
SP  - 1372
EP  - 1381
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Block, Andrea
A1  - Schulze, Susanne
A1  - Deeken, Friederike
A1  - Häusler, Andreas
A1  - Rezo, Anna
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
A1  - Wippert, Pia-Maria
T1  - Effects of inflammatory markers and biographical stress on treatment response in depression
JF  - Psychoneuroendocrinology : an international journal ; the official journal of the International Society of Psychoneuroendocrinology
N2  - Background
Recent research emphasized the role of inflammatory processes in the pathophysiology of depression. Theories hypothesizes that life events (LE) can affect the immune system and trigger depressive symptoms. LE are also considered as one of the best predictors for the onset and course of depressive disorders.

Methods
Observational study across three treatment settings: n=208 depressive patients (75.5%f, M 46.6 y) were examined on depression (BDI-II), life events (ILE) and inflammatory markers (IL-6, CRP, fibrinogen, ICAM-1, TNF-alpha, E-selectin) at baseline (t0), 5-week(t1) and 5-month(t2) follow-up. Effects and interactions were analyzed with regression models.

Results
LE were associated with depressive symptoms at t0 (beta=.209; p=.002) and both follow-ups. Except for CRP, which was linked to depression symptoms at t2 (betai=-.190; p=.032), there were no effects of inflammatory markers on depressive symptoms. At t1, an interaction between CRP and LE in total (beta=-.249; p=.041) was found as well as for LE in the past five years (beta=-.122; p=.027). Similar interactions were found between cumulative LE and ICAM-1 (beta=-.197; p=.003) and IL-6 (beta=-.425; p=.001).

Conclusion
The cumulative burden of LE effects symptoms and treatment outcome in depressive patients. There is some evidence that inflammatory marker may have long-term effects on treatment outcome as they seem to weaken the determining relation between LE and depression.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105535
SN  - 0306-4530
SN  - 1873-3360
VL  - 131
IS  - Supplement
SP  - S24
EP  - S24
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Block, Inga
A1  - Günter, Christina
A1  - Rodrigues, Alysson Duarte
A1  - Paasch, Silvia
A1  - Hesemann, Peter
A1  - Taubert, Andreas
T1  - Carbon Adsorbents from Spent Coffee for Removal of
Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange from Water
JF  - Materials
N2  - Activated carbons (ACs) were prepared from dried spent coffee (SCD), a biological waste product, to produce adsorbents for methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution. Pre-pyrolysis activation of SCD was achieved via treatment of the SCD with aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions at 90 °C. Pyrolysis of the pretreated SCD at 500 °C for 1 h produced powders with typical characteristics of AC suitable and effective for dye adsorption. As an alternative to the rather harsh base treatment, calcium carbonate powder, a very common and abundant resource, was also studied as an activator. Mixtures of SCD and CaCO3 (1:1 w/w) yielded effective ACs for MO and MB removal upon pyrolysis needing only small amounts of AC to clear the solutions. A selectivity of the adsorption process toward anionic (MO) or cationic (MB) dyes was not observed.
KW  - water
KW  - spent coffee
KW  - dye adsorption
KW  - methylene blue
KW  - methyl orange
KW  - calcium carbonate
KW  - activated carbon
KW  - water treatment
KW  - dye removal
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143996
SN  - 1996-1944
VL  - 14
IS  - 14
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Blume, Theresa
A1  - Schneider, Lisa
A1  - Güntner, Andreas
T1  - Comparative analysis of throughfall observations in six different forest stands
BT  - Influence of seasons, rainfall- and stand characteristics
JF  - Hydrological processes
N2  - Throughfall, that is, the fraction of rainfall that passes through the forest canopy, is strongly influenced by rainfall and forest stand characteristics which are in turn both subject to seasonal dynamics. Disentangling the complex interplay of these controls is challenging, and only possible with long-term monitoring and a large number of throughfall events measured in parallel at different forest stands. We therefore based our analysis on 346 rainfall events across six different forest stands at the long-term terrestrial environmental observatory TERENO Northeast Germany. These forest stands included pure stands of beech, pine and young pine, and mixed stands of oak-beech, pine-beech and pine-oak-beech. Throughfall was overall relatively low, with 54-68% of incident rainfall in summer. Based on the large number of events it was possible to not only investigate mean or cumulative throughfall but also its statistical distribution. The distributions of throughfall fractions show distinct differences between the three types of forest stands (deciduous, mixed and pine). The distributions of the deciduous stands have a pronounced peak at low throughfall fractions and a secondary peak at high fractions in summer, as well as a pronounced peak at higher throughfall fractions in winter. Interestingly, the mixed stands behave like deciduous stands in summer and like pine stands in winter: their summer distributions are similar to the deciduous stands but the winter peak at high throughfall fractions is much less pronounced. The seasonal comparison further revealed that the wooden components and the leaves behaved differently in their throughfall response to incident rainfall, especially at higher rainfall intensities. These results are of interest for estimating forest water budgets and in the context of hydrological and land surface modelling where poor simulation of throughfall would adversely impact estimates of evaporative recycling and water availability for vegetation and runoff.
KW  - forest hydrology
KW  - forest stand characteristics
KW  - interception
KW  - leaf area
KW  - index
KW  - rainfall characteristics
KW  - seasonal effects
KW  - stratified event
KW  - analysis
KW  - throughfall
KW  - tree species effects
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14461
SN  - 0885-6087
SN  - 1099-1085
VL  - 36
IS  - 3
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bochove, Bas van
A1  - Grijpma, Dirk W.
A1  - Lendlein, Andreas
A1  - Seppälä, Jukka
T1  - Designing advanced functional polymers for medicine
JF  - European polymer journal : EPJ
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110573
SN  - 0014-3057
VL  - 155
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bohlsen, Stefan
T1  - Case C-532/18 G.N. v. Z.U. (Niki Luftfahrt) (C.J.E.U.)
JF  - International legal materials
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/ilm.2021.1
SN  - 0020-7829
SN  - 1930-6571
VL  - 60
IS  - 2
SP  - 290
EP  - 297
PB  - Cambridge University Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Boissier, Martin
T1  - Robust and budget-constrained encoding configurations for in-memory database systems
JF  - Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment
N2  - Data encoding has been applied to database systems for decades as it mitigates bandwidth bottlenecks and reduces storage requirements. But even in the presence of these advantages, most in-memory database systems use data encoding only conservatively as the negative impact on runtime performance can be severe. Real-world systems with large parts being infrequently accessed and cost efficiency constraints in cloud environments require solutions that automatically and efficiently select encoding techniques, including heavy-weight compression. In this paper, we introduce workload-driven approaches to automaticaly determine memory budget-constrained encoding configurations using greedy heuristics and linear programming. We show for TPC-H, TPC-DS, and the Join Order Benchmark that optimized encoding configurations can reduce the main memory footprint significantly without a loss in runtime performance over state-of-the-art dictionary encoding. To yield robust selections, we extend the linear programming-based approach to incorporate query runtime constraints and mitigate unexpected performance regressions.
KW  - General Earth and Planetary Sciences
KW  - Water Science and Technology
KW  - Geography, Planning and Development
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.14778/3503585.3503588
SN  - 2150-8097
VL  - 15
IS  - 4
SP  - 780
EP  - 793
PB  - Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
CY  - [New York]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bolotov, Maxim I.
A1  - Smirnov, Lev A.
A1  - Bubnova, E. S.
A1  - Osipov, Grigory V.
A1  - Pikovskij, Arkadij
T1  - Spatiotemporal regimes in the Kuramoto-Battogtokh system of nonidentical oscillators
JF  - Journal of experimental and theoretical physics
N2  - We consider the spatiotemporal states of an ensemble of nonlocally coupled nonidentical phase oscillators, which correspond to different regimes of the long-term evolution of such a system. We have obtained homogeneous, twisted, and nonhomogeneous stationary solutions to the Ott-Antonsen equations corresponding to key variants of the realized collective rotational motion of elements of the medium in question with nonzero mesoscopic characteristics determining the degree of coherence of the dynamics of neighboring particles. We have described the procedures of the search for the class of nonhomogeneous solutions as stationary points of the auxiliary point map and of determining the stability based on analysis of the eigenvalue spectrum of the composite operator. Static and breather cluster regimes have been demonstrated and described, as well as the regimes with an irregular behavior of averaged complex fields including, in particular, the local order parameter.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063776121010106
SN  - 1063-7761
SN  - 1090-6509
VL  - 132
IS  - 1
SP  - 127
EP  - 147
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bondü, Rebecca
A1  - Birke, Joseph
T1  - Links between aggressive sexual fantasies and presumably non-consensual aggressive sexual behavior when controlling for BDSM identity
JF  - International journal of conflict and violence
N2  - Recent research provides evidence that aggressive sexual fantasies predict aggressive sexual behavior in the general population. However, sexual fantasies including fantasies about the infliction of pain and humiliation, should be frequent and often consensually acted upon among individuals with sadomasochistic likings. The question arises whether sexual fantasies with aggressive content still predict presumably non-consensual aggressive sexual behavior in individuals with sadomasochistic likings, given that BDSM encounters are generally considered consensual. To investigate this question, we conducted a questionnaire survey of sexual fantasies, as sessing the frequency of seventy sexual fantasies involving non-aggressive, masochistic, and aggressive acts. Our sample (N = 182) contained 99 respondents who self-identified as sadist, masochist, or switcher; 44 reported no such identification. For respondents reporting BDSM identification, we replicated a factor structure for sexual fantasies similar to that previously found in the general population, including three factors reflecting fantasies about increasingly severe aggressive sexual acts. Fantasies about injuring a partner and/or using weapons and fantasies about sexual coercion predicted presumably non-consensual sexual behavior independently of other risk factors for aggressive sexual behavior and irrespective of BDSM identification. Hence, severely aggressive sexual fantasies may predispose to presumably non-consensual sexual behavior in both individuals with and without BDSM identification.
KW  - aggressive sexual fantasies
KW  - BDSM
KW  - sexual aggression
KW  - psychopathy
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.4119/ijcv-3777
SN  - 1864-1385
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
PB  - Inst. for Interdisciplinary Conflict and Violence Research, Univ. of Bielefeld
CY  - Bielefeld
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bondü, Rebecca
A1  - Birke, Joseph B.
T1  - Aggression-related sexual fantasies
BT  - prevalence rates, sex differences, and links with personality, attitudes, and behavior
JF  - The journal of sexual medicine : basic research and clinical studies in male and female sexual function and dysfunction
N2  - Background: Aggression-related sexual fantasies (ASF) are considered an important risk factor for sexual aggression, but empirical knowledge is limited, in part because previous research has been based on predominantly male, North-American college samples, and limited numbers of questions. <br /> Aim: The present study aimed to foster the knowledge about the frequency and correlates of ASF, while including a large sample of women and a broad range of ASF. <br /> Method: A convenience sample of N = 664 participants from Germany including 508 (77%) women and 156 (23%) men with a median age of 25 (21-27) years answered an online questionnaire. Participants were mainly recruited via social networks (online and in person) and were mainly students. We examined the frequencies of (aggression-related) sexual fantasies and their expected factor structure (factors reflecting affective, experimental, masochistic, and aggression-related contents) via exploratory factor analysis. We investigated potential correlates (eg, psychopathic traits, attitudes towards sexual fantasies) as predictors of ASF using multiple regression analyses. Finally, we examined whether ASF would positively predict sexual aggression beyond other pertinent risk factors using multiple regression analysis. <br /> Outcomes: The participants rated the frequency of a broad set of 56 aggression-related and other sexual fantasies, attitudes towards sexual fantasies, the Big Five (ie, broad personality dimensions including neuroticism and extraversion), sexual aggression, and other risk factors for sexual aggression. <br /> Results: All participants reported non-aggression-related sexual fantasies and 77% reported at least one ASF in their lives. Being male, frequent sexual fantasies, psychopathic traits, and negative attitudes towards sexual fantasies predicted more frequent ASF. ASF were the strongest predictor of sexual aggression beyond other risk factors, including general aggression, psychopathic traits, rape myth acceptance, and violent pornography consumption. <br /> Clinical Translation: ASF may be an important risk factor for sexual aggression and should be more strongly considered in prevention and intervention efforts. <br /> Strengths and Limitations: The strengths of the present study include using a large item pool and a large sample with a large proportion of women in order to examine ASF as a predictor of sexual aggression beyond important control variables. Its weaknesses include the reliance on cross-sectional data, that preclude causal inferences, and not continuously distinguishing between consensual and non-consensual acts. <br /> Conclusion: ASF are a frequent phenomenon even in in the general population and among women and show strong associations with sexual aggression. Thus, they require more attention by research on sexual aggression and its prevention.
KW  - aggressive sexual fantasies
KW  - sexual aggression
KW  - psychopathic traits
KW  - rape myths acceptance
KW  - big five
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.06.006
SN  - 1743-6095
SN  - 1743-6109
VL  - 18
IS  - 8
SP  - 1383
EP  - 1397
PB  - Oxford University Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bonnet, Philippe
A1  - Dong, Xin Luna
A1  - Naumann, Felix
A1  - Tözün, Pınar
T1  - VLDB 2021
BT  - Designing a hybrid conference
JF  - SIGMOD record
N2  - The 47th International Conference on Very Large Databases (VLDB'21) was held on August 16-20, 2021 as a hybrid conference. It attracted 180 in-person attendees in Copenhagen and 840 remote attendees. In this paper, we describe our key decisions as general chairs and program committee chairs and share the lessons we learned.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1145/3516431.3516447
SN  - 0163-5808
SN  - 1943-5835
VL  - 50
IS  - 4
SP  - 50
EP  - 53
PB  - Association for Computing Machinery
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bonomi Savignon, Andrea
A1  - Meneguzzo, Marco
A1  - Kuhlmann, Sabine
A1  - Cepiku, Denita
T1  - Guest editorial: Interinstitutional performance management
BT  - theory and practice of performance indicators at organizational boundaries
JF  - International journal of public sector management : IJPSM
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-03-2021-0057
SN  - 0951-3558
SN  - 1758-6666
VL  - 34
IS  - 3
SP  - 241
EP  - 246
PB  - Emerald Group Publishing Limited
CY  - Bingley
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Borchardt, Sven
A1  - Trauth, Martin H.
T1  - Erratum to: Borchardt, Sven, Trauth, Martin H.: Remotely-sensed evapotranspiration estimates for an improved hydrological modeling of the early Holocene mega-lake Suguta, northern Kenya Rift. - (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. - Volumes 361–362 (2012), S. 14 – 20. - doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.07.009)
JF  - Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology : an international journal for the geo-sciences
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109540
SN  - 0031-0182
SN  - 1872-616X
VL  - 571
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Borchert, Florian
A1  - Mock, Andreas
A1  - Tomczak, Aurelie
A1  - Hügel, Jonas
A1  - Alkarkoukly, Samer
A1  - Knurr, Alexander
A1  - Volckmar, Anna-Lena
A1  - Stenzinger, Albrecht
A1  - Schirmacher, Peter
A1  - Debus, Jürgen
A1  - Jäger, Dirk
A1  - Longerich, Thomas
A1  - Fröhling, Stefan
A1  - Eils, Roland
A1  - Bougatf, Nina
A1  - Sax, Ulrich
A1  - Schapranow, Matthieu-Patrick
T1  - Correction to: Knowledge bases and software support for variant interpretation in precision oncology
JF  - Briefings in bioinformatics
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbab246
SN  - 1467-5463
SN  - 1477-4054
VL  - 22
IS  - 6
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Borchert, Florian
A1  - Mock, Andreas
A1  - Tomczak, Aurelie
A1  - Hügel, Jonas
A1  - Alkarkoukly, Samer
A1  - Knurr, Alexander
A1  - Volckmar, Anna-Lena
A1  - Stenzinger, Albrecht
A1  - Schirmacher, Peter
A1  - Debus, Jürgen
A1  - Jäger, Dirk
A1  - Longerich, Thomas
A1  - Fröhling, Stefan
A1  - Eils, Roland
A1  - Bougatf, Nina
A1  - Sax, Ulrich
A1  - Schapranow, Matthieu-Patrick
T1  - Knowledge bases and software support for variant interpretation in precision oncology
JF  - Briefings in bioinformatics
N2  - Precision oncology is a rapidly evolving interdisciplinary medical specialty. Comprehensive cancer panels are becoming increasingly available at pathology departments worldwide, creating the urgent need for scalable cancer variant annotation and molecularly informed treatment recommendations. A wealth of mainly academia-driven knowledge bases calls for software tools supporting the multi-step diagnostic process. We derive a comprehensive list of knowledge bases relevant for variant interpretation by a review of existing literature followed by a survey among medical experts from university hospitals in Germany. In addition, we review cancer variant interpretation tools, which integrate multiple knowledge bases. We categorize the knowledge bases along the diagnostic process in precision oncology and analyze programmatic access options as well as the integration of knowledge bases into software tools. The most commonly used knowledge bases provide good programmatic access options and have been integrated into a range of software tools. For the wider set of knowledge bases, access options vary across different parts of the diagnostic process. Programmatic access is limited for information regarding clinical classifications of variants and for therapy recommendations. The main issue for databases used for biological classification of pathogenic variants and pathway context information is the lack of standardized interfaces. There is no single cancer variant interpretation tool that integrates all identified knowledge bases. Specialized tools are available and need to be further developed for different steps in the diagnostic process.
KW  - HiGHmed
KW  - personalized medicine
KW  - molecular tumor board
KW  - data integration
KW  - cancer therapy
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbab134
SN  - 1467-5463
SN  - 1477-4054
VL  - 22
IS  - 6
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bordihn, Henning
A1  - Holzer, Markus
T1  - On the number of active states in finite automata
JF  - Acta informatica
N2  - We introduce a new measure of descriptional complexity on finite automata, called the number of active states. Roughly speaking, the number of active states of an automaton A on input w counts the number of different states visited during the most economic computation of the automaton A for the word w. This concept generalizes to finite automata and regular languages in a straightforward way. We show that the number of active states of both finite automata and regular languages is computable, even with respect to nondeterministic finite automata. We further compare the number of active states to related measures for regular languages. In particular, we show incomparability to the radius of regular languages and that the difference between the number of active states and the total number of states needed in finite automata for a regular language can be of exponential order.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00236-021-00397-8
SN  - 0001-5903
SN  - 1432-0525
VL  - 58
IS  - 4
SP  - 301
EP  - 318
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin ; Heidelberg [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bordihn, Henning
A1  - Vaszil, György
T1  - Reversible parallel communicating finite automata systems
JF  - Acta informatica
N2  - We study the concept of reversibility in connection with parallel communicating systems of finite automata (PCFA in short). We define the notion of reversibility in the case of PCFA (also covering the non-deterministic case) and discuss the relationship of the reversibility of the systems and the reversibility of its components. We show that a system can be reversible with non-reversible components, and the other way around, the reversibility of the components does not necessarily imply the reversibility of the system as a whole. We also investigate the computational power of deterministic centralized reversible PCFA. We show that these very simple types of PCFA (returning or non-returning) can recognize regular languages which cannot be accepted by reversible (deterministic) finite automata, and that they can even accept languages that are not context-free. We also separate the deterministic and non-deterministic variants in the case of systems with non-returning communication. We show that there are languages accepted by non-deterministic centralized PCFA, which cannot be recognized by any deterministic variant of the same type.
KW  - Finite automata
KW  - Reversibility
KW  - Systems of parallel communicating
KW  - automata
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00236-021-00396-9
SN  - 0001-5903
SN  - 1432-0525
VL  - 58
IS  - 4
SP  - 263
EP  - 279
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Born, Artur
A1  - Decker, Regis
A1  - Haverkamp, Robert
A1  - Ruotsalainen, Kari
A1  - Bauer, Karl
A1  - Pietzsch, Annette
A1  - Föhlisch, Alexander
A1  - Büchner, Robby
T1  - Thresholding of the Elliott-Yafet spin-flip scattering in multi-sublattice magnets by the respective exchange energies
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - How different microscopic mechanisms of ultrafast spin dynamics coexist and interplay is not only relevant for the development of spintronics but also for the thorough description of physical systems out-of-equilibrium. In pure crystalline ferromagnets, one of the main microscopic mechanism of spin relaxation is the electron-phonon (el-ph) driven spin-flip, or Elliott-Yafet, scattering. Unexpectedly, recent experiments with ferro- and ferrimagnetic alloys have shown different dynamics for the different sublattices. These distinct sublattice dynamics are contradictory to the Elliott-Yafet scenario. In order to rationalize this discrepancy, it has been proposed that the intra- and intersublattice exchange interaction energies must be considered in the microscopic demagnetization mechanism, too. Here, using a temperature-dependent x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) method, we address experimentally the element specific el-ph angular momentum transfer rates, responsible for the spin-flips in the respective (sub)lattices of Fe20Ni80, Fe50Ni50 and pure nickel single crystals. We establish how the deduced rate evolution with the temperature is linked to the exchange coupling constants reported for different alloy stoichiometries and how sublattice exchange energies threshold the related el-ph spin-flip channels. Thus, these results evidence that the Elliott-Yafet spin-flip scattering, thresholded by sublattice exchange energies, is the relevant microscopic process to describe sublattice dynamics in alloys and elemental magnetic systems.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81177-9
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bornhorst, Dorothee
A1  - Abdelilah-Seyfried, Salim
T1  - Strong as a Hippo’s Heart: Biomechanical Hippo Signaling During Zebrafish Cardiac Development
JF  - Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
N2  - The heart is comprised of multiple tissues that contribute to its physiological functions. During development, the growth of myocardium and endocardium is coupled and morphogenetic processes within these separate tissue layers are integrated. Here, we discuss the roles of mechanosensitive Hippo signaling in growth and morphogenesis of the zebrafish heart. Hippo signaling is involved in defining numbers of cardiac progenitor cells derived from the secondary heart field, in restricting the growth of the epicardium, and in guiding trabeculation and outflow tract formation. Recent work also shows that myocardial chamber dimensions serve as a blueprint for Hippo signaling-dependent growth of the endocardium. Evidently, Hippo pathway components act at the crossroads of various signaling pathways involved in embryonic zebrafish heart development. Elucidating how biomechanical Hippo signaling guides heart morphogenesis has direct implications for our understanding of cardiac physiology and pathophysiology.
KW  - Hippo signaling
KW  - Yap1/Wwtr1 (Taz)
KW  - cardiac development
KW  - mechanobiology
KW  - endocardium
KW  - myocardium
KW  - zebrafish
KW  - intra-organ-communication
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.731101
SN  - 2296-634X
VL  - 9
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne, Schweiz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bosch, Sina
A1  - De Cesare, Ilaria
A1  - Demske, Ulrike
A1  - Felser, Claudia
T1  - New empirical approaches to grammatical variation and change
JF  - Languages : open access journal
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/languages6030113
SN  - 2226-471X
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Botsch, Gideon
T1  - Taking nativism to the streets
BT  - historical perspectives on right-wing extremist protest campaigns against immigration in germany
JF  - Moving the social
N2  - In this article, I give an overview on nativist street protests in Germany from the early nineteenth century to the present from an historical perspective. In a preliminary re-mark, I will reflect on some recent developments in Germany, where nativist protest campaigns  against  immigration  took  place  in  the  streets  when  voters  were  turning  towards the populist radical right party Alternative für Deutschland (AfD). In the first section, I will outline an older tradition of anti-immigration protest in nineteenth and early twentieth century Germany, which is closely connected to modern antisemitism. In  sections  two  and  three,  I  will  retrace  how,  from  the  late  1960s  onward,  the  far  right in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) discovered concerns about immigra-tion in the German population, addressed them in protest campaigns and developed narratives to integrate such sentiments into a broader right-wing extremist ideology, itself deeply rooted in antisemitism. Studying nativism and the radical right from an actor-oriented  perspective,  I  will  focus  on  traditionalist  movements,  including  the  Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands (NPD) and neo-Nazi groups.
KW  - Antisemitism
KW  - racism
KW  - nativism
KW  - radical
KW  - right parties and movements
KW  - protest
KW  - violence
KW  - terrorism
KW  - Germany
KW  - nineteenth and twentieth century
KW  - history
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-8375-2491-8
U6  - https://doi.org/10.46586/mts.66.2021.43-62
SN  - 2197-0386
SN  - 2197-0394
VL  - 66
SP  - 43
EP  - 62
PB  - Institute for Social Movements
CY  - Bochum
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bouakline, Foudhil
T1  - Umbrella inversion of ammonia redux
JF  - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : PCCP ; a journal of European chemical societies
N2  - Umbrella inversion of ammonia is a prototypical example of large-amplitude vibrational motion, described with a symmetric double-well potential. The transition state of the latter corresponds to a planar (D-3h) molecular geometry, whereas the two equilibrium configurations are equivalent (C-3v) pyramidal structures, with the nitrogen atom being either 'above' or 'below' the plane of the hydrogen atoms. As commonly understood, inversion motion of ammonia corresponds to the coherent, anharmonic, vibrational motion of the molecule, which shuttles back and forth between the two potential wells; that is, oscillation of the nitrogen atom from one side of the H-3 plane to the other, via coherent tunneling. However, this intuitively appealing view of umbrella inversion results from a reduced description of the dynamics, which includes only the inversion vibrational coordinate and fully neglects all the other molecular degrees of freedom. As such, this textbook picture of inversion motion ignores the fact that the two equilibrium structures of ammonia are superimposable, and can only be distinguished by labelling the identical hydrogen nuclei. A correct description of umbrella inversion, which incorporates nuclear permutations, requires the inclusion of other molecular modes. Indeed, it is well known that the quantum symmetrization postulate engenders entanglement between ammonia's nuclear-spin, inversion, and rotation. Using the explicit expressions of the corresponding zeroth-order eigenstates, we clearly show that the inversion density of any multilevel wavepacket of ammonia, including the case of perfectly aligned molecules, is symmetrically distributed between the two potential wells, at all times. This follows from a rigorous demonstration based on the evaluation of the expectation values of the inversion coordinate or equivalent projection operators. However, provided that these wavepackets involve inversion-rotation levels with opposite parity, the inversion density may exhibit dynamical spatial localization. In the latter case, the space-fixed inversion density or, equivalently, the expectation values of the projections of the inversion coordinate on the space-fixed axes, may oscillate between opposite directions in the space-fixed frame. Nevertheless, in all cases, localization of ammonia in a single potential well is impossible, even partially or transiently. This is equivalent to saying that the nitrogen atom has the same probability (one-half) to be on either side of the H-3 plane, for any wavepacket of the molecule and at all times-a conclusion which is in perfect accord with the principle of the indistinguishability of identical particles (nuclei).
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1039/d1cp01991k
SN  - 1463-9076
SN  - 1463-9084
VL  - 23
IS  - 36
SP  - 20509
EP  - 20523
PB  - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bouakline, Foudhil
A1  - Saalfrank, Peter
T1  - Seemingly asymmetric atom-localized electronic densities following laser-dissociation of homonuclear diatomics
JF  - The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistry
N2  - Recent experiments on laser-dissociation of aligned homonuclear diatomic molecules show an asymmetric forward-backward (spatial) electron-localization along the laser polarization axis. Most theoretical models attribute this asymmetry to interference effects between gerade and ungerade vibronic states. Presumably due to alignment, these models neglect molecular rotations and hence infer an asymmetric (post-dissociation) charge distribution over the two identical nuclei. In this paper, we question the equivalence that is made between spatial electron-localization, observed in experiments, and atomic electron-localization, alluded by these theoretical models. We show that (seeming) agreement between these models and experiments is due to an unfortunate omission of nuclear permutation symmetry, i.e., quantum statistics. Enforcement of the latter requires mandatory inclusion of the molecular rotational degree of freedom, even for perfectly aligned molecules. Unlike previous interpretations, we ascribe spatial electron-localization to the laser creation of a rovibronic wavepacket that involves field-free molecular eigenstates with opposite space-inversion symmetry i.e., even and odd parity. Space-inversion symmetry breaking would then lead to an asymmetric distribution of the (space-fixed) electronic density over the forward and backward hemisphere. However, owing to the simultaneous coexistence of two indistinguishable molecular orientational isomers, our analytical and computational results show that the post-dissociation electronic density along a specified space-fixed axis is equally shared between the two identical nuclei-a result that is in perfect accordance with the principle of the indistinguishability of identical particles. Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0049710
SN  - 0021-9606
SN  - 1089-7690
VL  - 154
IS  - 23
PB  - American Institute of Physics
CY  - Melville
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bouma, Sietske Jeltje Deirdre
A1  - Richter, Philipp
A1  - Wendt, Martin
T1  - The relation between Ly alpha absorbers and local galaxy filaments
JF  - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal
N2  - Context. The intergalactic medium (IGM) is believed to contain the majority of baryons in the universe and to trace the same dark matter structure as galaxies, forming filaments and sheets. Ly alpha absorbers, which sample the neutral component of the IGM, have been extensively studied at low and high redshift, but the exact relation between Ly alpha absorption, galaxies, and the large-scale structure is observationally not well constrained.Aims. In this study, we aim at characterising the relation between Ly alpha absorbers and nearby over-dense cosmological structures (galaxy filaments) at recession velocities Delta v <= 6700 km s(-1) by using archival observational data from various instruments.Methods. We analyse 587 intervening Ly alpha absorbers in the spectra of 302 extragalactic background sources obtained with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) installed on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). We combine the absorption line information with galaxy data of five local galaxy filaments from the V8k catalogue.Results. Along the 91 sightlines that pass close to a filament, we identify 215 (227) Ly alpha absorption systems (components). Among these, 74 Ly alpha systems are aligned in position and velocity with the galaxy filaments, indicating that these absorbers and the galaxies trace the same large-scale structure. The filament-aligned Ly alpha absorbers have a similar to 90% higher rate of incidence (d?/dz=189 for log N(HI) >= 13.2) and a slightly shallower column density distribution function slope (-beta=-1.47) relative to the general Ly alpha population at z=0, reflecting the filaments' matter over-density. The strongest Ly alpha absorbers are preferentially found near galaxies or close to the axis of a filament, although there is substantial scatter in this relation. Our sample of absorbers clusters more strongly around filament axes than a randomly distributed sample would do (as confirmed by a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test), but the clustering signal is less pronounced than for the galaxies in the filaments.
KW  - galaxies: halos
KW  - intergalactic medium
KW  - quasars: absorption lines
KW  - large-scale structure of Universe
KW  - techniques: spectroscopic
KW  - ultraviolet: general
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039786
SN  - 0004-6361
SN  - 1432-0746
VL  - 647
PB  - EDP Sciences
CY  - Les Ulis
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Boyadzhieva, Asena
A1  - Kayhan, Ezgi
T1  - Keeping the breath in mind
BT  - respiration, neural oscillations, and the free energy principle
JF  - Frontiers in neuroscience / Frontiers Research Foundation
N2  - Scientific interest in the brain and body interactions has been surging in recent years. One fundamental yet underexplored aspect of brain and body interactions is the link between the respiratory and the nervous systems. In this article, we give an overview of the emerging literature on how respiration modulates neural, cognitive and emotional processes. Moreover, we present a perspective linking respiration to the free-energy principle. We frame volitional modulation of the breath as an active inference mechanism in which sensory evidence is recontextualized to alter interoceptive models. We further propose that respiration-entrained gamma oscillations may reflect the propagation of prediction errors from the sensory level up to cortical regions in order to alter higher level predictions. Accordingly, controlled breathing emerges as an easily accessible tool for emotional, cognitive, and physiological regulation.
KW  - interoception
KW  - respiration-entrained neural oscillations
KW  - controlled
KW  - breathing
KW  - free-energy principle
KW  - self-regulation
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.647579
SN  - 1662-453X
VL  - 15
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bozzo, Enrico
A1  - Ferrigno, Carlo
A1  - Oskinova, Lida
A1  - Ducci, Lorenzo
T1  - Accretion of a clumped wind from a red supergiant donor on to a magnetar is suggested by the analysis of the XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations of the X-ray binary 3A 1954+319
JF  - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
N2  - 3A 1954+319 has been classified for a long time as a symbiotic X-ray binary, hosting a slowly rotating neutron star and an aged M red giant. Recently, this classification has been revised thanks to the discovery that the donor star is an M supergiant. This makes 3A 1954+319 a rare type of high-mass X-ray binary consisting of a neutron star and a red supergiant donor. In this paper, we analyse two archival and still unpublished XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations of the source. We perform a detailed hardness ratio-resolved spectral analysis to search for spectral variability that could help investigating the structures of the inhomogeneous M supergiant wind from which the neutron star is accreting. We discuss our results in the context of wind-fed supergiant X-ray binaries and show that the newest findings on 3A 1954+319 reinforce the hypothesis that the neutron star in this system is endowed with a magnetar-like magnetic field strength (greater than or similar to 10(14) G).
KW  - accretion
KW  - stars: massive
KW  - stars: neutron
KW  - X-rays: binaries
KW  - X-rays: individual: 3A 1954+319
KW  - X-rays: stars
KW  - accretion discs
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3688
SN  - 0035-8711
SN  - 1365-2966
VL  - 510
IS  - 3
SP  - 4645
EP  - 4653
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brahms, Clemens Markus
A1  - Hortobágyi, Tibor
A1  - Kressig, Reto W.
A1  - Granacher, Urs
T1  - The Interaction between mobility status and exercise specificity in older adults
JF  - Exercise and sport sciences reviews
N2  - Many adults older than 60 yr experience mobility limitations. Although physical exercise improves older adults' mobility, differences in baseline mobility produce large variations in individual responses to interventions, and these responses could further vary by the type and dose of exercise. Here, we propose an exercise prescription model for older adults based on their current mobility status.
KW  - exercise prescription
KW  - training intervention
KW  - walking speed
KW  - activities
KW  - of daily living
KW  - elderly
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1249/JES.0000000000000237
SN  - 0091-6331
SN  - 1538-3008
VL  - 49
IS  - 1
SP  - 15
EP  - 22
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
CY  - Hagerstown, Md.
ER  -