TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wang, Lei
A1  - Rybacki, Erik
A1  - Bonnelye, Audrey
A1  - Bohnhoff, Marco
A1  - Dresen, Georg
T1  - Experimental investigation on static and dynamic bulk moduli of dry and fluid-saturated porous sandstones
JF  - Rock mechanics and rock engineering
N2  - Knowledge of pressure-dependent static and dynamic moduli of porous reservoir rocks is of key importance for evaluating geological setting of a reservoir in geo-energy applications. We examined experimentally the evolution of static and dynamic bulk moduli for porous Bentheim sandstone with increasing confining pressure up to about 190 MPa under dry and water-saturated conditions. The static bulk moduli (K-s) were estimated from stress-volumetric strain curves while dynamic bulk moduli (K-d) were derived from the changes in ultrasonic P- and S- wave velocities (similar to 1 MHz) along different traces, which were monitored simultaneously during the entire deformation. In conjunction with published data of other porous sandstones (Berea, Navajo and Weber sandstones), our results reveal that the ratio between dynamic and static bulk moduli (K-d/K-s) reduces rapidly from about 1.5 - 2.0 at ambient pressure to about 1.1 at high pressure under dry conditions and from about 2.0 - 4.0 to about 1.5 under water-saturated conditions, respectively. We interpret such a pressure-dependent reduction by closure of narrow (compliant) cracks, highlighting thatK(d)/K(s)is positively correlated with the amount of narrow cracks. Above the crack closure pressure, where equant (stiff) pores dominate the void space,K-d/K(s)is almost constant. The enhanced difference between dynamic and static bulk moduli under water saturation compared to dry conditions is possibly caused by high pore pressure that is locally maintained if measured using high-frequency ultrasonic wave velocities. In our experiments, the pressure dependence of dynamic bulk modulus of water-saturated Bentheim sandstone at effective pressures above 5 MPa can be roughly predicted by both the effective medium theory (Mori-Tanaka scheme) and the squirt-flow model. Static bulk moduli are found to be more sensitive to narrow cracks than dynamic bulk moduli for porous sandstones under dry and water-saturated conditions.
KW  - Porous sandstone
KW  - Static bulk modulus
KW  - Dynamic bulk modulus
KW  - Narrow
KW  - (compliant) cracks
KW  - Equant (stiff) pores
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-020-02248-3
SN  - 0723-2632
SN  - 1434-453X
VL  - 54
IS  - 1
SP  - 129
EP  - 148
PB  - Springer
CY  - Wien
ER  -