TY - JOUR A1 - Loritz, Ralf A1 - Hassler, Sibylle K. A1 - Jackisch, Conrad A1 - Allroggen, Niklas A1 - van Schaik, Loes A1 - Wienhöfer, Jan A1 - Zehe, Erwin T1 - Picturing and modeling catchments by representative hillslopes JF - Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS N2 - This study explores the suitability of a single hillslope as a parsimonious representation of a catchment in a physically based model. We test this hypothesis by picturing two distinctly different catchments in perceptual models and translating these pictures into parametric setups of 2-D physically based hillslope models. The model parametrizations are based on a comprehensive field data set, expert knowledge and process-based reasoning. Evaluation against streamflow data highlights that both models predicted the annual pattern of streamflow generation as well as the hydrographs acceptably. However, a look beyond performance measures revealed deficiencies in streamflow simulations during the summer season and during individual rainfall-runoff events as well as a mismatch between observed and simulated soil water dynamics. Some of these shortcomings can be related to our perception of the systems and to the chosen hydrological model, while others point to limitations of the representative hillslope concept itself. Nevertheless, our results confirm that representative hillslope models are a suitable tool to assess the importance of different data sources as well as to challenge our perception of the dominant hydrological processes we want to represent therein. Consequently, these models are a promising step forward in the search for the optimal representation of catchments in physically based models. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1225-2017 SN - 1027-5606 SN - 1607-7938 VL - 21 IS - 2 SP - 1225 EP - 1249 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kolk, Jens A1 - Naaf, Tobias A1 - Wulf, Monika T1 - Paying the colonization credit BT - converging plant species richness in ancient and post-agricultural forests in NE Germany over five decades JF - Biodiversity and conservation N2 - Massive historical land cover changes in the Central European lowlands have resulted in a forest distribution that now comprises small remnants of ancient forests and more recently established post-agricultural forests. Here, land-use history is considered a key driver of recent herb-layer community changes, where an extinction debt in ancient forest remnants and/or a colonization credit in post-agricultural forests are being paid over time. On a regional scale, these payments should in theory lead toward a convergence in species richness between ancient and post-agricultural forests over time. In this study, we tested this assumption with a resurvey of 117 semi-permanent plots in the well-studied deciduous forests of the Prignitz region (Brandenburg, NE Germany), where we knew that the plant communities of post-agricultural stands exhibit a colonization credit while the extinction debt in ancient stands has largely been paid. We compared changes in the species richness of all herb layer species, forest specialists and ancient forest indicator species between ancient and post-agricultural stands with linear mixed effect models and determined the influence of patch connectivity on the magnitude of species richness changes. Species richness increased overall, but the richness of forest specialists increased significantly more in post-agricultural stands and was positively influenced by higher patch connectivity, indicating a convergence in species richness between the ancient and postagricultural stands. Furthermore, the richness of ancient forest indicator species only increased significantly in post-agricultural stands. For the first time, we were able to verify a gradual payment of the colonization credit in post-agricultural forest stands using a comparison of actual changes in temporal species richness. KW - Herb layer KW - Land-use history KW - Land-use legacy KW - Long-term change KW - Resurvey KW - Temperate forest Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-016-1271-y SN - 0960-3115 SN - 1572-9710 VL - 26 SP - 735 EP - 755 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Barthold, Frauke Katrin A1 - Turner, Benjamin L. A1 - Elsenbeer, Helmut A1 - Zimmermann, Alexander T1 - A hydrochemical approach to quantify the role of return flow in a surface flow-dominated catchment JF - Hydrological processes N2 - Stormflow generation in headwater catchments dominated by subsurface flow has been studied extensively, yet catchments dominated by surface flow have received less attention. We addressed this by testing whether stormflow chemistry is controlled by either (a) the event-water signature of overland flow, or (b) the pre-event water signature of return flow. We used a high-resolution hydrochemical data set of stormflow and end-members of multiple storms in an end-member mixing analysis to determine the number of end-members needed to explain stormflow, characterize and identify potential end-members, calculate their contributions to stormflow, and develop a conceptual model of stormflow. The arrangement and relative positioning of end-members in stormflow mixing space suggest that saturation excess overland flow (26-48%) and return flow from two different subsurface storage pools (17-53%) are both similarly important for stormflow. These results suggest that pipes and fractures are important flow paths to rapidly release stored water and highlight the value of within-event resolution hydrochemical data to assess the full range and dynamics of flow paths. KW - EMMA KW - hydrochemistry KW - overland flow KW - return flow KW - stormflow generation Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11083 SN - 0885-6087 SN - 1099-1085 VL - 31 IS - 5 SP - 1018 EP - 1033 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Koopman, Wouter-Willem Adriaan A1 - Natali, Marco A1 - Donati, Giovanni P. A1 - Muccini, Michele A1 - Toffanin, Stefano T1 - Charge-exciton interaction rate in organic field-effect transistors by means of transient photoluminescence electromodulated spectroscopy JF - ACS photonics N2 - Organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs) offer a huge potential for the design of highly integrated multifunctional optoelectronic systems and of intense nano scale light sources, such as the long-searched-for electrically pumped organic laser. In order to fulfill these promises, the efficiency and brightness of the current state-of-the-art devices have to be increased significantly. The dominating quenching process limiting the external quantum efficiency in OLETs is charge-exciton interaction. A comprehensive understanding of this quenching process is therefore of paramount importance. The present article reports a systematic investigation of charge-exciton interaction in organic transistors employing time resolved photoluminescence electro-modulation (PLEM) spectroscopy on the picosecond time scale. The results show that the injected charges reduce the exciton radiative recombination in two ways: (i) charges may prevent the generation of excitons and (ii) charges activate a further nonradiative channel for the exciton decay. Moreover, the transient PLEM measurements clearly reveal that not only trapped charges, as already reported in literature, but rather the entire injected charge density contributes to the quenching of the exciton population. KW - photoluminescence quenching KW - charge density KW - exciton dynamics KW - organic KW - field-effect transistor KW - light emission KW - optical spectroscopy Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00573 SN - 2330-4022 VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 282 EP - 291 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington, DC ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sun, Ning-Chen A1 - de Grijs, Richard A1 - Subramanian, Smitha A1 - Cioni, Maria-Rosa L. A1 - Rubele, Stefano A1 - Bekki, Kenji A1 - Ivanov, Valentin D. A1 - Piatti, Andrés E. A1 - Ripepi, Vincenzo T1 - The VMC Survey. XXII. Hierarchical star formation in the 30 Doradus-N158-N159-N160 star-forming complex JF - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics N2 - We study the hierarchical stellar structures in a similar to 1.5 deg(2) area covering the 30. Doradus-N158-N159-N160 starforming complex with the VISTA Survey of. Magellanic Clouds. Based on the young upper main-sequence stars, we find that the surface densities cover a wide range of values, from log(Sigma.pc(2))less than or similar to -2.0 to log(Sigma. pc(2)) greater than or similar to 0.0. Their distributions are highly non-uniform, showing groups that frequently have subgroups inside. The sizes of the stellar groups do not exhibit characteristic values, and range continuously from several parsecs to more than 100. pc; the cumulative size distribution can be well described by a single power law, with the power-law index indicating a projected fractal dimension D-2 = 1.6 +/- 0.3. We suggest that the phenomena revealed here support a scenario of hierarchical star formation. Comparisons with other star-forming regions and galaxies are also discussed. KW - galaxies: clusters: general KW - infrared: stars KW - Magellanic Clouds KW - stars: formation Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/835/2/171 SN - 0004-637X SN - 1538-4357 VL - 835 IS - 2 PB - Institute of Physics Publ. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Penk, Christiane A1 - Richter, Dirk T1 - Change in test-taking motivation and its relationship to test performance in low-stakes assessments JF - Educational assessment, evaluation and accountability N2 - Since the turn of the century, an increasing number of low-stakes assessments (i.e., assessments without direct consequences for the test-takers) are being used to evaluate the quality of educational systems. Internationally, research has shown that low-stakes test results can be biased due to students’ low test-taking motivation and that students’ effort levels can vary throughout a testing session involving both cognitive and noncognitive tests. Thus, it is possible that students’ motivation varies throughout a single cognitive test and in turn affects test performance. This study examines the change in test-taking motivation within a 2-h cognitive low-stakes test and its association with test performance. Based on expectancy-value theory, we assessed three components of test-taking motivation (expectancy for success, value, and effort) and investigated its change. Using data from a large-scale student achievement study of German ninth-graders, we employed second-order latent growth modeling and structural equation modeling to predict test performance in mathematics. On average, students’ effort and perceived value of the test decreased, whereas expectancy for success remained stable. Overall, initial test-taking motivation was a better predictor of test performance than change in motivation. Only the variability of change in the expectancy component was positively related to test performance. The theoretical and practical implications for test practitioners are discussed. KW - Test-taking motivation KW - Low-stakes tests KW - Large-scale assessments KW - Expectancy-value theory KW - Growth modeling Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11092-016-9248-7 SN - 1874-8597 SN - 1874-8600 VL - 29 SP - 55 EP - 79 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eppner, Sebastian A1 - Ganghof, Steffen T1 - Institutional veto players and cabinet formation BT - the veto control hypothesis reconsidered JF - European journal of political research : official journal of the European Consortium for Political Research N2 - Are potential cabinets more likely to form when they control institutional veto players such as symmetric second chambers or minority vetoes? Existing evidence for a causal effect of veto control has been weak. This article presents evidence for this effect on the basis of conditional and mixed logit analyses of government formations in 21 parliamentary and semi-presidential democracies between 1955 and 2012. It also shows that the size of the effect varies systematically across political-institutional contexts. The estimated causal effect was greater in countries that eventually abolished the relevant veto institutions. It is suggested that the incidence of constitutional reform is a proxy for context-specific factors that increased the incentives for veto control and simultaneously provided a stimulus for the weakening of institutional veto power. KW - government formation KW - veto players KW - second chambers Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12172 SN - 0304-4130 SN - 1475-6765 VL - 56 IS - 1 SP - 169 EP - 186 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Warren, Donald C. A1 - Ellison, Donald C. A1 - Barkov, Maxim V. A1 - Nagataki, Shigehiro T1 - Nonlinear Particle Acceleration and Thermal Particles in GRB Afterglows JF - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics N2 - The standard model for GRB afterglow emission treats the accelerated electron population as a simple power law, N(E) proportional to E-p for p greater than or similar to 2. However, in standard Fermi shock acceleration, a substantial fraction of the swept-up particles do not enter the acceleration process at all. Additionally, if acceleration is efficient, then the nonlinear back-reaction of accelerated particles on the shock structure modifies the shape of the nonthermal tail of the particle spectra. Both of these modifications to the standard synchrotron afterglow impact the luminosity, spectra, and temporal variation of the afterglow. To examine the effects of including thermal particles and nonlinear particle acceleration on afterglow emission, we follow a hydrodynamical model for an afterglow jet and simulate acceleration at numerous points during the evolution. When thermal particles are included, we find that the electron population is at no time well fitted by a single power law, though the highest-energy electrons are; if the acceleration is efficient, then the power-law region is even smaller. Our model predicts hard-soft-hard spectral evolution at X-ray energies, as well as an uncoupled X-ray and optical light curve. Additionally, we show that including emission from thermal particles has drastic effects (increases by factors of 100 and 30, respectively) on the observed flux at optical and GeV energies. This enhancement of GeV emission makes afterglow detections by future gamma-ray observatories, such as CTA, very likely. KW - acceleration of particles KW - cosmic rays KW - gamma-ray burst: general KW - shock waves KW - turbulence Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa56c3 SN - 0004-637X SN - 1538-4357 VL - 835 IS - 2 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Archambault, S. A1 - Archer, A. A1 - Benbow, W. A1 - Buchovecky, M. A1 - Bugaev, V. A1 - Cerruti, M. A1 - Connolly, M. P. A1 - Cui, W. A1 - Falcone, A. A1 - Alonso, M. Fernandez A1 - Finley, J. P. A1 - Fleischhack, H. A1 - Fortson, L. A1 - Furniss, A. A1 - Griffin, S. A1 - Hutten, M. A1 - Hervet, O. A1 - Holder, J. A1 - Humensky, T. B. A1 - Johnson, C. A. A1 - Kaaret, P. A1 - Kar, P. A1 - Kieda, D. A1 - Krause, M. A1 - Krennrich, F. A1 - Lang, M. J. A1 - Lin, T. T. Y. A1 - Maier, G. A1 - McArthur, S. A1 - Moriarty, P. A1 - Nieto, D. A1 - Ong, R. A. A1 - Otte, A. N. A1 - Pohl, M. A1 - Popkow, A. A1 - Pueschel, Elisa A1 - Quinn, J. A1 - Ragan, K. A1 - Reynolds, P. T. A1 - Richards, G. T. A1 - Roache, E. A1 - Rovero, A. C. A1 - Sadeh, I. A1 - Shahinyan, K. A1 - Staszak, D. A1 - Telezhinsky, Igor O. A1 - Tyler, J. A1 - Wakely, S. P. A1 - Weinstein, A. A1 - Weisgarber, T. A1 - Wilcox, P. A1 - Wilhelm, Alina A1 - Williams, D. A. A1 - Zitzer, B. T1 - Search for Magnetically Broadened Cascade Emission from Blazars with VERITAS JF - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics N2 - We present a search for magnetically broadened gamma-ray emission around active galactic nuclei (AGNs), using VERITAS observations of seven hard-spectrum blazars. A cascade process occurs when multi-TeV gamma-rays from an AGN interact with extragalactic background light (EBL) photons to produce electron-positron pairs, which then interact with cosmic microwave background photons via inverse-Compton scattering to produce gamma-rays. Due to the deflection of the electron- positron pairs, a non-zero intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF) would potentially produce detectable effects on the angular distribution of the cascade emission. In particular, an angular broadening compared to the unscattered emission could occur. Through non-detection of angularly broadened emission from 1ES 1218 vertical bar 304, the source with the largest predicted cascade fraction, we exclude a range of IGMF strengths around 10(-14) G at the 95% confidence level. The extent of the exclusion range varies with the assumptions made about the intrinsic spectrum of 1ES. 1218+304 and the EBL model used in the simulation of the cascade process. All of the sources are used to set limits on the flux due to extended emission. KW - BL Lacertae objects: general KW - galaxies: active KW - gamma rays: galaxies KW - magnetic fields Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/835/2/288 SN - 0004-637X SN - 1538-4357 VL - 835 IS - 2 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reschke, Stefan A1 - Mebs, Stefan A1 - Sigfridsson-Clauss, Kajsa G. V. A1 - Kositzki, Ramona A1 - Leimkühler, Silke A1 - Haumann, Michael T1 - Protonation and Sulfido versus Oxo Ligation Changes at the Molybdenum Cofactor in Xanthine Dehydrogenase (XDH) Variants Studied by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy JF - Inorganic chemistry N2 - Enzymes of the xanthine oxidase family are among the best characterized mononuclear molybdenum enzymes. Open questions about their mechanism of transfer of an oxygen atom to the substrate remain. The enzymes share a molybdenum cofactor (Moco) with the metal ion binding a molybdopterin (MPT) molecule via its dithiolene function and terminal sulfur and oxygen groups. For xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) from the bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus, we used X-ray absorption spectroscopy to determine the Mo site structure, its changes in a pH range of 5-10, and the influence of amino acids (Glu730 and Gln179) close to Moco in wild-type (WT), Q179A, and E730A variants, complemented by enzyme kinetics and quantum chemical studies. Oxidized WT and Q179A revealed a similar Mo (VI) ion with each one MPT, Mo=O, Mo-O-, and Mo=S ligand, and a weak Mo-O(E730) bond at alkaline pH. Protonation of an oxo to a hydroxo (OH) ligand (pK similar to 6.8) causes inhibition of XDH at acidic pH, whereas deprotonated xanthine (pK similar to 8.8) is an inhibitor at alkaline pH. A similar acidic pK for the WT and Q179A. variants, as well as the metrical parameters of the Mo site and density functional theory calculations, suggested protonation at the equatorial oxo group. The sulfido was replaced with an oxo ligand in the inactive E730A variant, further showing another oxo and one Mo OH ligand at Mo, which are independent of pH. Our findings suggest a reaction mechanism for XDH in which an initial oxo rather than a hydroxo group and the sulfido ligand are essential for xanthine oxidation. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02846 SN - 0020-1669 SN - 1520-510X VL - 56 IS - 4 SP - 2165 EP - 2176 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, Lin A1 - Cherstvy, Andrey G. A1 - Metzler, Ralf T1 - Facilitated Diffusion of Transcription Factor Proteins with Anomalous Bulk Diffusion JF - The journal of physical chemistry : B, Condensed matter, materials, surfaces, interfaces & biophysical chemistry N2 - What are the physical laws of the diffusive search of proteins for their specific binding sites on DNA in the presence of the macromolecular crowding in cells? We performed extensive computer simulations to elucidate the protein target search on DNA. The novel feature is the viscoelastic non-Brownian protein bulk diffusion recently observed experimentally. We examine the influence of the protein-DNA binding affinity and the anomalous diffusion exponent on the target search time. In all cases an optimal search time is found. The relative contribution of intermittent three-dimensional bulk diffusion and one-dimensional sliding of proteins along the DNA is quantified. Our results are discussed in the light of recent single molecule tracking experiments, aiming at a better understanding of the influence of anomalous kinetics of proteins on the facilitated diffusion mechanism. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b12413 SN - 1520-6106 VL - 121 SP - 1284 EP - 1289 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Taylor, Vivien A1 - Goodale, Britton A1 - Raab, Andrea A1 - Schwerdtle, Tanja A1 - Reimer, Ken A1 - Conklin, Sean A1 - Karagas, Margaret R. A1 - Francesconi, Kevin A. T1 - Human exposure to organic arsenic species from seafood JF - The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man N2 - Seafood, including finfish, shellfish, and seaweed, is the largest contributor to arsenic (As) exposure in many human populations. In contrast to the predominance of inorganic As in water and many terrestrial foods, As in marine-derived foods is present primarily in the form of organic compounds. To date, human exposure and toxicological assessments have focused on inorganic As, while organic As has generally been considered to be nontoxic. However, the high concentrations of organic As in seafood, as well as the often complex As speciation, can lead to complications in assessing As exposure from diet. In this report, we evaluate the presence and distribution of organic As species in seafood, and combined with consumption data, address the current capabilities and needs for determining human exposure to these compounds. The analytical approaches and shortcomings for assessing these compounds are reviewed, with a focus on the best practices for characterization and quantitation. Metabolic pathways and toxicology of two important classes of organic arsenicals, arsenolipids and arsenosugars, are examined, as well as individual variability in absorption of these compounds. Although determining health outcomes or assessing a need for regulatory policies for organic As exposure is premature, the extensive consumption of seafood globally, along with the preliminary toxicological profiles of these compounds and their confounding effect on assessing exposure to inorganic As, suggests further investigations and process-level studies on organic As are needed to fill the current gaps in knowledge. KW - Organic arsenic KW - Seafood KW - Arsenosugar KW - Arsenolipid Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.113 SN - 0048-9697 SN - 1879-1026 VL - 580 SP - 266 EP - 282 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Guo, Li A1 - Paycha, Sylvie A1 - Zhang, Bin T1 - Algebraic Birkhoff factorization and the Euler–Maclaurin formula on cones JF - Duke mathematical journal N2 - We equip the space of lattice cones with a coproduct which makes it a cograded, coaugmented, connnected coalgebra. The exponential generating sum and exponential generating integral on lattice cones can be viewed as linear maps on this space with values in the space of meromorphic germs with linear poles at zero. We investigate the subdivision properties-reminiscent of the inclusion-exclusion principle for the cardinal on finite sets-of such linear maps and show that these properties are compatible with the convolution quotient of maps on the coalgebra. Implementing the algebraic Birkhoff factorization procedure on the linear maps under consideration, we factorize the exponential generating sum as a convolution quotient of two maps, with each of the maps in the factorization satisfying a subdivision property. A direct computation shows that the polar decomposition of the exponential generating sum on a smooth lattice cone yields an Euler-Maclaurin formula. The compatibility with subdivisions of the convolution quotient arising in the algebraic Birkhoff factorization then yields the Euler-Maclaurin formula for any lattice cone. This provides a simple formula for the interpolating factor by means of a projection formula. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1215/00127094-3715303 SN - 0012-7094 SN - 1547-7398 VL - 166 IS - 3 SP - 537 EP - 571 PB - Duke Univ. Press CY - Durham ER - TY - GEN A1 - George, Elizabeth A1 - Kearney, Eric T1 - Editorial T2 - Organizational psychology review Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/2041386617690945 SN - 2041-3866 SN - 2041-3874 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 3 EP - 3 PB - Sage Publ. CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Almeida, Leonardo A. A1 - Sana, H. A1 - Taylor, W. A1 - Barbá, Rodolfo A1 - Bonanos, Alceste Z. A1 - Crowther, Paul A1 - Damineli, Augusto A1 - de Koter, A. A1 - de Mink, Selma E. A1 - Evans, C. J. A1 - Gieles, Mark A1 - Grin, Nathan J. A1 - Hénault-Brunet, V. A1 - Langer, Norbert A1 - Lennon, D. A1 - Lockwood, Sean A1 - Maíz Apellániz, Jesús A1 - Moffat, A. F. J. A1 - Neijssel, C. A1 - Norman, C. A1 - Ramírez-Agudelo, O. H. A1 - Richardson, N. D. A1 - Schootemeijer, Abel A1 - Shenar, Tomer A1 - Soszyński, Igor A1 - Tramper, Frank A1 - Vink, J. S. T1 - The tarantula massive binary monitoring BT - I. Observational campaign and OB-type spectroscopic binaries JF - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal N2 - Context: Massive binaries play a crucial role in the Universe. Knowing the distributions of their orbital parameters is important for a wide range of topics from stellar feedback to binary evolution channels and from the distribution of supernova types to gravitational wave progenitors, yet no direct measurements exist outside the Milky Way. Aims: The Tarantula Massive Binary Monitoring project was designed to help fill this gap by obtaining multi-epoch radial velocity (RV) monitoring of 102 massive binaries in the 30 Doradus region. Methods: In this paper we analyze 32 FLAMES/GIRAFFE observations of 93 O- and 7 B-type binaries. We performed a Fourier analysis and obtained orbital solutions for 82 systems: 51 single-lined (SB1) and 31 double-lined (SB2) spectroscopic binaries. Results: Overall, the binary fraction and orbital properties across the 30 Doradus region are found to be similar to existing Galactic samples. This indicates that within these domains environmental effects are of second order in shaping the properties of massive binary systems. A small difference is found in the distribution of orbital periods, which is slightly flatter (in log space) in 30 Doradus than in the Galaxy, although this may be compatible within error estimates and differences in the fitting methodology. Also, orbital periods in 30 Doradus can be as short as 1.1 d, somewhat shorter than seen in Galactic samples. Equal mass binaries (q> 0.95) in 30 Doradus are all found outside NGC 2070, the central association that surrounds R136a, the very young and massive cluster at 30 Doradus’s core. Most of the differences, albeit small, are compatible with expectations from binary evolution. One outstanding exception, however, is the fact that earlier spectral types (O2–O7) tend to have shorter orbital periods than later spectral types (O9.2–O9.7). Conclusions: Our results point to a relative universality of the incidence rate of massive binaries and their orbital properties in the metallicity range from solar (Z⊙) to about half solar. This provides the first direct constraints on massive binary properties in massive star-forming galaxies at the Universe’s peak of star formation at redshifts z ~ 1 to 2 which are estimated to have Z ~ 0.5 Z⊙. KW - stars: early-type KW - stars: massive KW - binaries: spectroscopic KW - binaries: close Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201629844 SN - 1432-0746 VL - 598 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cabral, Juliano Sarmento A1 - Valente, Luis A1 - Hartig, Florian T1 - Mechanistic simulation models in macroecology and biogeography BT - state-of-art and prospects JF - Ecography : pattern and diversity in ecology N2 - Macroecology and biogeography are concerned with understanding biodiversity patterns across space and time. In the past, the two disciplines have addressed this question mainly with correlative approaches, despite frequent calls for more mechanistic explanations. Recent advances in computational power, theoretical understanding, and statistical tools are, however, currently facilitating the development of more system-oriented, mechanistic models. We review these models, identify different model types and theoretical frameworks, compare their processes and properties, and summarize emergent findings. We show that ecological (physiology, demographics, dispersal, biotic interactions) and evolutionary processes, as well as environmental and human-induced drivers, are increasingly modelled mechanistically; and that new insights into biodiversity dynamics emerge from these models. Yet, substantial challenges still lie ahead for this young research field. Among these, we identify scaling, calibration, validation, and balancing complexity as pressing issues. Moreover, particular process combinations are still understudied, and so far models tend to be developed for specific applications. Future work should aim at developing more flexible and modular models that not only allow different ecological theories to be expressed and contrasted, but which are also built for tight integration with all macroecological data sources. Moving the field towards such a ‘systems macroecology’ will test and improve our understanding of the causal pathways through which eco-evolutionary processes create diversity patterns across spatial and temporal scales. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.02480 SN - 0906-7590 SN - 1600-0587 VL - 40 IS - 2 SP - 267 EP - 280 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin A1 - Meyer, Susann A1 - Schröter, Maria-Astrid A1 - Seitz, Harald A1 - Kunte, Hans-Jörg A1 - Solomun, Tihomir A1 - Sturm, Heinz T1 - Direct electron irradiation of DNA in a fully aqueous environment BT - Damage determination in combination with Monte Carlo simulations JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : PCCP ; a journal of European chemical societies N2 - We report on a study in which plasmid DNA in water was irradiated with 30 keV electrons generated by a scanning electron microscope and passed through a 100 nm thick Si3N4 membrane. The corresponding Monte Carlo simulations suggest that the kinetic energy spectrum of the electrons throughout the water is dominated by low energy electrons (<100 eV). The DNA radiation damage, single-strand breaks (SSBs) and double-strand breaks (DSBs), was determined by gel electrophoresis. The median lethal dose of D-1/2 = 1.7 +/- 0.3 Gy was found to be much smaller as compared to partially or fully hydrated DNA irradiated under vacuum conditions. The ratio of the DSBs to SSBs was found to be 1 : 12 as compared to 1 : 88 found for hydrated DNA. Our method enables quantitative measurements of radiation damage to biomolecules (DNA, proteins) in solutions under varying conditions (pH, salinity, co-solutes) for an electron energy range which is difficult to probe by standard methods. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cp07707b SN - 1463-9076 SN - 1463-9084 VL - 19 IS - 3 SP - 1798 EP - 1805 PB - RSC Publ. CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Strunk, Astrid A1 - Knudsen, Mads Faurschou A1 - Egholm, David L. A1 - Jansen, John D. A1 - Levy, Laura B. A1 - Jacobsen, Bo H. A1 - Larsen, Nicolaj K. T1 - One million years of glaciation and denudation history in west Greenland JF - Nature Communications N2 - The influence of major Quaternary climatic changes on growth and decay of the Greenland Ice Sheet, and associated erosional impact on the landscapes, is virtually unknown beyond the last deglaciation. Here we quantify exposure and denudation histories in west Greenland by applying a novel Markov-Chain Monte Carlo modelling approach to all available paired cosmogenic Be-10-Al-26 bedrock data from Greenland. We find that long-term denudation rates in west Greenland range from >50 m Myr(-1) in low-lying areas to similar to 2 m Myr(-1) at high elevations, hereby quantifying systematic variations in denudation rate among different glacial landforms caused by variations in ice thickness across the landscape. We furthermore show that the present day ice-free areas only were ice covered ca. 45% of the past 1 million years, and even less at high-elevation sites, implying that the Greenland Ice Sheet for much of the time was of similar size or even smaller than today. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14199 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 8 PB - Nature Publishing Group UK CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riedel, M. A1 - Sabir, N. A1 - Scheller, Frieder W. A1 - Parak, Wolfgang J. A1 - Lisdat, Fred T1 - Connecting quantum dots with enzymes BT - mediator-based approaches for the light-directed read-out of glucose and fructose oxidation JF - Nanoscale N2 - The combination of the biocatalytic features of enzymes with the unique physical properties of nanoparticles in a biohybrid system provides a promising approach for the development of advanced bioelectrocatalytic devices. This study describes the construction of photoelectrochemical signal chains based on CdSe/ZnS quantum dot (QD) modified gold electrodes as light switchable elements, and low molecular weight redox molecules for the combination with different biocatalysts. Photoelectrochemical and photoluminescence experiments verify that electron transfer can be achieved between the redox molecules hexacyanoferrate and ferrocene, and the QDs under illumination. Since for both redox mediators a concentration dependent photocurrent change has been found, light switchable enzymatic signal chains are built up with fructose dehydrogenase (FDH) and pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glucose dehydrogenase ((PQQ) GDH) for the detection of sugars. After immobilization of the enzymes at the QD electrode the biocatalytic oxidation of the substrates can be followed by conversion of the redox mediator in solution and subsequent detection at the QD electrode. Furthermore, (PQQ) GDH has been assembled together with ferrocenecarboxylic acid on top of the QD electrode for the construction of a funtional biohybrid architecture, showing that electron transfer can be realized from the enzyme over the redox mediator to the QDs and subsequently to the electrode in a completely immobilized fashion. The results obtained here do not only provide the basis for light-switchable biosensing and bioelectrocatalytic applications, but may also open the way for self-driven point-of-care systems by combination with solar cell approaches (power generation at the QD electrode by enzymatic substrate consumption). Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c7nr00091j SN - 2040-3364 SN - 2040-3372 VL - 9 SP - 2814 EP - 2823 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Shaoyang A1 - Moreno Switt, Marcos A1 - Bedford, Jonathan A1 - Rosenau, Matthias A1 - Heidbach, Oliver A1 - Melnick, Daniel A1 - Oncken, Onno T1 - Postseismic uplift of the Andes following the 2010 Maule earthquake BT - Implications for mantle rheology JF - Geophysical research letters N2 - Postseismic surface deformation associated with great subduction earthquakes is controlled by asthenosphere rheology, frictional properties of the fault, and structural complexity. Here by modeling GPS displacements in the 6 years following the 2010 M-w 8.8 Maule earthquake in Chile, we investigate the impact of heterogeneous viscosity distribution in the South American subcontinental asthenosphere on the 3-D postseismic deformation pattern. The observed postseismic deformation is characterized by flexure of the South America plate with peak uplift in the Andean mountain range and subsidence in the hinterland. We find that, at the time scale of observation, over 2 orders of magnitude gradual increase in asthenosphere viscosity from the arc area toward the cratonic hinterland is needed to jointly explain horizontal and vertical displacements. Our findings present an efficient method to estimate spatial variations of viscosity, which clearly improves the fitting to the vertical signal of deformation. Lateral changes in asthenosphere viscosity can be correlated with the thermomechanical transition from weak subvolcanic arc mantle to strong subcratonic mantle, thus suggesting a stationary heterogeneous viscosity structure. However, we cannot rule out a transient viscosity structure (e.g., power law rheology) with the short time span of observation. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071995 SN - 0094-8276 SN - 1944-8007 VL - 44 IS - 4 SP - 1768 EP - 1776 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gorobtsov, O. Yu. A1 - Mercurio, G. A1 - Brenner, G. A1 - Lorenz, Ulf A1 - Gerasimova, N. A1 - Kurta, R. P. A1 - Hieke, F. A1 - Skopintsev, P. A1 - Zaluzhnyy, I. A1 - Lazarev, S. A1 - Dzhigaev, D. A1 - Rose, M. A1 - Singer, A. A1 - Wurth, W. A1 - Vartanyants, I. A. T1 - Statistical properties of a free-electron laser revealed by Hanbury Brown-Twiss interferometry JF - Physical review : A, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics N2 - We present a comprehensive experimental analysis of statistical properties of the self-amplified spontaneous emission free-electron laser (FEL) FLASH by means of Hanbury Brown and Twiss interferometry. The experiments were performed at FEL wavelengths of 5.5, 13.4, and 20.8 nm. We determined the second-order intensity correlation function for all wavelengths and different operation conditions of FLASH. In all experiments a high degree of spatial coherence (above 50%) was obtained. Our analysis performed in spatial and spectral domains provided us with the independent measurements of an average pulse duration of the FEL that were below 60 fs. To explain the complicated behavior of the second-order intensity correlation function we developed an advanced theoretical model that includes the presence of multiple beams and external positional jitter of the FEL pulses. By this analysis we determined that in one of the experiments external positional jitter was about 25% of the beam size. We envision that methods developed in our study will be used widely for analysis and diagnostics of FEL radiation. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.95.023843 SN - 2469-9926 SN - 2469-9934 VL - 95 IS - 2 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Godec, Aljaž A1 - Metzler, Ralf T1 - First passage time statistics for two-channel diffusion JF - Journal of physics : A, Mathematical and theoretical N2 - We present rigorous results for the mean first passage time and first passage time statistics for two-channel Markov additive diffusion in a 3-dimensional spherical domain. Inspired by biophysical examples we assume that the particle can only recognise the target in one of the modes, which is shown to effect a non-trivial first passage behaviour. We also address the scenario of intermittent immobilisation. In both cases we prove that despite the perfectly non-recurrent motion of two-channel Markov additive diffusion in 3 dimensions the first passage statistics at long times do not display Poisson-like behaviour if none of the phases has a vanishing diffusion coefficient. This stands in stark contrast to the standard (one-channel) Markov diffusion counterpart. We also discuss the relevance of our results in the context of cellular signalling. KW - first passage time KW - Markov additive processes KW - Fokker-Planck equation KW - random search processes KW - coupled initial boundary value problem KW - cellular signalling KW - asymptotic analysis Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/aa5204 SN - 1751-8113 SN - 1751-8121 VL - 50 IS - 8 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Campforts, Benjamin A1 - Schwanghart, Wolfgang A1 - Govers, Gerard T1 - Accurate simulation of transient landscape evolution by eliminating numerical diffusion BT - the TTLEM 1.0 model JF - Earth surface dynamics N2 - Landscape evolution models (LEMs) allow the study of earth surface responses to changing climatic and tectonic forcings. While much effort has been devoted to the development of LEMs that simulate a wide range of processes, the numerical accuracy of these models has received less attention. Most LEMs use first-order accurate numerical methods that suffer from substantial numerical diffusion. Numerical diffusion particularly affects the solution of the advection equation and thus the simulation of retreating landforms such as cliffs and river knickpoints. This has potential consequences for the integrated response of the simulated landscape. Here we test a higher-order flux-limiting finite volume method that is total variation diminishing (TVD-FVM) to solve the partial differential equations of river incision and tectonic displacement. We show that using the TVD-FVM to simulate river incision significantly influences the evolution of simulated landscapes and the spatial and temporal variability of catchment-wide erosion rates. Furthermore, a two-dimensional TVD-FVM accurately simulates the evolution of landscapes affected by lateral tectonic displacement, a process whose simulation was hitherto largely limited to LEMs with flexible spatial discretization. We implement the scheme in TTLEM (TopoToolbox Landscape Evolution Model), a spatially explicit, raster-based LEM for the study of fluvially eroding landscapes in TopoToolbox 2. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-47-2017 SN - 2196-6311 SN - 2196-632X VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - 47 EP - 66 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Simons, Nadja K. A1 - Lewinsohn, Thomas A1 - Bluethgen, Nico A1 - Buscot, Francois A1 - Boch, Steffen A1 - Daniel, Rolf A1 - Gossner, Martin M. A1 - Jung, Kirsten A1 - Kaiser, Kristin A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Prati, Daniel A1 - Renner, Swen C. A1 - Socher, Stephanie A. A1 - Sonnemann, Ilja A1 - Weiner, Christiane N. A1 - Werner, Michael A1 - Wubet, Tesfaye A1 - Wurst, Susanne A1 - Weisser, Wolfgang W. T1 - Contrasting effects of grassland management modes on species-abundance distributions of multiple groups JF - Agriculture, ecosystems & environment : an international journal for scientific research on the relationship of agriculture and food production to the biosphere N2 - Intensive land use is a major cause of biodiversity loss, but most studies comparing the response of multiple taxa rely on simple diversity measures while analyses of other community attributes are only recently gaining attention. Species-abundance distributions (SADs) are a community attribute that can be used to study changes in the overall abundance structure of species groups, and whether these changes are driven by abundant or rare species. We evaluated the effect of grassland management intensity for three land-use modes (fertilization, mowing, grazing) and their combination on species richness and SADs for three belowground (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, prokaryotes and insect larvae) and seven aboveground groups (vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens; arthropod herbivores; arthropod pollinators; bats and birds). Three descriptors of SADs were evaluated: general shape (abundance decay rate), proportion of rare species (rarity) and proportional abundance of the commonest species (dominance). Across groups, taxonomic richness was largely unaffected by land-use intensity and only decreased with increasing mowing intensity. Of the three SAD descriptors, abundance decay rate became steeper with increasing combined land-use intensity across groups. This reflected a decrease in rarity among plants, herbivores and vertebrates. Effects of fertilization on the three descriptors were similar to the combined land-use intensity effects. Mowing intensity only affected the SAD descriptors of insect larvae and vertebrates, while grazing intensity produced a range of effects on different descriptors in distinct groups. Overall, belowground groups had more even abundance distribtitions than aboveground groups. Strong differences among aboveground groups and between above- and belowground groups indicate that no single taxonomic group can serve as an indicator for effects in other groups. In the past, the use of SADs has been hampered by concerns over theoretical models underlying specific forms of SADs. Our study shows that SAD descriptors that are not connected to a particular model are suitable to assess the effect of land use on community structure. KW - Biodiversity KW - Cutting frequency KW - Management intensity KW - Rank-abundance KW - Species loss KW - Rarity Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.12.022 SN - 0167-8809 SN - 1873-2305 VL - 237 SP - 143 EP - 153 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lippold, Holger A1 - Eidner, Sascha A1 - Kumke, Michael Uwe A1 - Lippmann-Pipke, Johanna T1 - Dynamics of metal-humate complexation equilibria as revealed by isotope exchange studies - a matter of concentration and time JF - Geochimica et cosmochimica acta : journal of the Geochemical Society and the Meteoritical Society N2 - Complexation with dissolved humic matter can be crucial in controlling the mobility of toxic or radioactive contaminant metals. For speciation and transport modelling, a dynamic equilibrium process is commonly assumed, where association and dissociation run permanently. This is, however, questionable in view of reported observations of a growing resistance to dissociation over time. In this study, the isotope exchange principle was employed to gain direct insight into the dynamics of the complexation equilibrium, including kinetic inertisation phenomena. Terbium(III), an analogue of trivalent actinides, was used as a representative of higher-valent metals. Isotherms of binding to (flocculated) humic acid, determined by means of Tb-160 as a radiotracer, were found to be identical regardless of whether the radioisotope was introduced together with the bulk of stable Tb-159 or subsequently after pre-equilibration for up to 3 months. Consequently, there is a permanent exchange of free and humic-bound Tb since all available binding sites are occupied in the plateau region of the isotherm. The existence of a dynamic equilibrium was thus evidenced. There was no indication of an inertisation under these experimental conditions. If the small amount of Tb-160 was introduced prior to saturation with Tb-159, the expected partial desorption of Tb-160 occurred at much lower rates than observed for the equilibration process in the reverse procedure. In addition, the rates decreased with time of pre-equilibration. Inertisation phenomena are thus confined to the stronger sites of humic molecules (occupied at low metal concentrations). Analysing the time-dependent course of isotope exchange according to first-order kinetics indicated that up to 3 years are needed to attain equilibrium. Since, however, metal-humic interaction remains reversible, exchange of metals between humic carriers and mineral surfaces cannot be neglected on the long time scale to be considered in predictive transport models. KW - Humic substances KW - Metal complexation KW - Kinetics KW - Reversibility KW - Isotope exchange KW - Dynamic equilibrium Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.10.019 SN - 0016-7037 SN - 1872-9533 VL - 197 SP - 62 EP - 70 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eichler, Sarah A1 - Salzwedel, Annett A1 - Reibis, Rona A1 - Nothroff, Jörg A1 - Harnath, Axel A1 - Schikora, Martin A1 - Butter, Christian A1 - Wegscheider, Karl A1 - Völler, Heinz T1 - Multicomponent cardiac rehabilitation in patients after transcatheter aortic valve implantation BT - predictors of functional and psychocognitive recovery JF - European journal of preventive cardiology : the official ESC journal for primary & secondary cardiovascular prevention, rehabilitation and sports cardiology N2 - Background: In the last decade, transcatheter aortic valve implantation has become a promising treatment modality for patients with aortic stenosis and a high surgical risk. Little is known about influencing factors of function and quality of life during multicomponent cardiac rehabilitation. Methods: From October 2013 to July 2015, patients with elective transcatheter aortic valve implantation and a subsequent inpatient cardiac rehabilitation were enrolled in the prospective cohort multicentre study. Frailty-Index (including cognition, nutrition, autonomy and mobility), Short Form-12 (SF-12), six-minute walk distance (6MWD) and maximum work load in bicycle ergometry were performed at admission and discharge of cardiac rehabilitation. The relation between patient characteristics and improvements in 6MWD, maximum work load or SF-12 scales were studied univariately and multivariately using regression models. Results: One hundred and thirty-six patients (80.6 +/- 5.0 years, 47.8% male) were enrolled. 6MWD and maximum work load increased by 56.3 +/- 65.3 m (p < 0.001) and 8.0 +/- 14.9 watts (p < 0.001), respectively. An improvement in SF-12 (physical 2.5 +/- 8.7, p = 0.001, mental 3.4 +/- 10.2, p = 0.003) could be observed. In multivariate analysis, age and higher education were significantly associated with a reduced 6MWD, whereas cognition and obesity showed a positive predictive value. Higher cognition, nutrition and autonomy positively influenced the physical scale of SF-12. Additionally, the baseline values of SF-12 had an inverse impact on the change during cardiac rehabilitation. Conclusions: Cardiac rehabilitation can improve functional capacity as well as quality of life and reduce frailty in patients after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. An individually tailored therapy with special consideration of cognition and nutrition is needed to maintain autonomy and empower octogenarians in coping with challenges of everyday life. KW - Cardiac rehabilitation KW - TAVI KW - frailty KW - quality of life KW - exercise capacity Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487316679527 SN - 2047-4873 SN - 2047-4881 VL - 24 IS - 3 SP - 257 EP - 264 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tritsch, Christian A1 - Martens, Jochen A1 - Sun, Yue-Hua A1 - Heim, Wieland A1 - Strutzenberger, Patrick A1 - Päckert, Martin T1 - Improved sampling at the subspecies level solves a taxonomic dilemma BT - a case study of two enigmatic Chinese tit species (Aves, Passeriformes, Paridae, Poecile) JF - Molecular phylogenetics and evolution N2 - A recent full species-level phylogeny of tits, titmice and chickadees (Paridae) has placed the Chinese endemic black-bibbed tit (Poecile hypermelaenus) as the sister to the Palearctic willow tit (P. montanus). Because this sister-group relationship is in striking disagreement with the traditional affiliation of P. hypermelaenus close to the marsh tit (P. palustris) we tested this phylogenetic hypothesis in a multi locus analysis with an extended taxon sampling including sixteen subspecies of willow tits and marsh tits. As a taxonomic reference we included type specimens in our analysis. The molecular genetic study was complemented with an analysis of biometric data obtained from museum specimens. Our phylogenetic reconstructions, including a comparison of all GenBank data available for our target species, clearly show that the genetic lineage previously identified as P. hypermelaenus actually refers to P. weigoldicus because sequences were identical to that of a syntype of this taxon. The close relationship of P. weigoldicus and P. montanus - despite large genetic distances between the two taxa - is in accordance with current taxonomy and systematics. In disagreement with the previous phylogenetic hypothesis but in accordance with most taxonomic authorities, all our P. hypermelaenus specimens fell in the sister Glade of all western and eastern Palearctic P. palustris. Though shared haplotypes among the Chinese populations of the two latter species might indicate mitochondrial introgression in this part of the breeding range, further research is needed here due to the limitations of our own sampling. KW - Poecile hypermelaenus KW - Poecile weigoldicus KW - Multi-locus phylogeny KW - Phylogeography KW - DNA barcoding Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.014 SN - 1055-7903 SN - 1095-9513 VL - 107 SP - 538 EP - 550 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bricker, Jeremy D. A1 - Schwanghart, Wolfgang A1 - Adhikari, Basanta Raj A1 - Moriguchi, Shuji A1 - Roeber, Volker A1 - Giri, Sanjay T1 - Performance of Models for Flash Flood Warning and Hazard Assessment BT - the 2015 Kali Gandaki Landslide Dam Breach in Nepal JF - Mountain research and development N2 - The 2015 magnitude 7.8 Gorkha earthquake and its aftershocks weakened mountain slopes in Nepal. Co- and postseismic landsliding and the formation of landslide-dammed lakes along steeply dissected valleys were widespread, among them a landslide that dammed the Kali Gandaki River. Overtopping of the landslide dam resulted in a flash flood downstream, though casualties were prevented because of timely evacuation of low-lying areas. We hindcast the flood using the BREACH physically based dam-break model for upstream hydrograph generation, and compared the resulting maximum flow rate with those resulting from various empirical formulas and a simplified hydrograph based on published observations. Subsequent modeling of downstream flood propagation was compromised by a coarse-resolution digital elevation model with several artifacts. Thus, we used a digital-elevation-model preprocessing technique that combined carving and smoothing to derive topographic data. We then applied the 1-dimensional HEC-RAS model for downstream flood routing, and compared it to the 2-dimensional Delft-FLOW model. Simulations were validated using rectified frames of a video recorded by a resident during the flood in the village of Beni, allowing estimation of maximum flow depth and speed. Results show that hydrological smoothing is necessary when using coarse topographic data (such as SRTM or ASTER), as using raw topography underestimates flow depth and speed and overestimates flood wave arrival lag time. Results also show that the 2-dimensional model produces more accurate results than the 1-dimensional model but the 1-dimensional model generates a more conservative result and can be run in a much shorter time. Therefore, a 2-dimensional model is recommended for hazard assessment and planning, whereas a 1-dimensional model would facilitate real-time warning declaration. KW - Nepal KW - earthquake KW - landslide dam breach KW - flood KW - HEC-RAS KW - Delft-FLOW KW - steep mountain stream Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-16-00043.1 SN - 0276-4741 SN - 1994-7151 VL - 37 IS - 1 SP - 5 EP - 15 PB - International Mountain Society CY - Lawrence ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Endepols, Stefan A1 - Klemann, Nicole A1 - Richter, Dania A1 - Matuschka, Franz-Rainer T1 - The potential of coumatetralyl enhanced by cholecalciferol in the control of anticoagulant-resistant Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) JF - Pest management science N2 - BACKGROUND: We evaluated the potential of cholecalciferol as an enhancer of the first-generation anticoagulant coumatetralyl in the Westphalia anticoagulant-resistant strain of the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout), characterised by the Tyr139Cys polymorphism on the VKOR enzyme. Because today only the most potent, but also most persistent anticoagulant rodenticides of the second generation remain available to control this strain, new rodenticide solutions are required. RESULTS: Feeding trials in the laboratory confirmed a significant level of efficacy, which was corroborated by field trials in the Munsterland resistance area. After frequency and level of resistance were assessed by blood clotting response tests, field trials were conducted with bait containing coumatetralyl at 375 mg kg(-1) and cholecalciferol at 50 mg kg(-1) or 100 mg kg(-1). Control success was 94% when a large rat infestation comprising 42% resistant animals was treated. Another field trial applying the combination to a rat population that had survived a preceding treatment with bromadiolone resulted in a 99.5% control success according to the first census day, but with some increase in rat activity during subsequent census days. CONCLUSION: The combination of coumatetralyl and cholecalciferol is a promising alternative approach to the most potent second-generation anticoagulants in resistance management, particularly in respect of environmental risks, such as secondary poisoning. (C) 2016 Society of Chemical Industry KW - rodent control KW - Norway rat KW - Rattus norvegicus KW - resistance KW - cholecalciferol KW - coumatetralyl Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.4235 SN - 1526-498X SN - 1526-4998 VL - 73 IS - 2 SP - 280 EP - 286 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hand, Ralf A1 - Grossmann, Anita A1 - Lauterbach, Daniel T1 - Endemics and their common congener plant species on an East Mediterranean island BT - a comparative functional trait approach JF - Plant ecology : an international journal N2 - Understanding evolution and ecology of endemic plants is of great importance for conservation of those rare and endangered species. Pairwise comparisons of plant functional traits could be an adequate method to get insights in evolutionary and ecological processes. We examined whether morphological traits representing competitive ability and habitat specificity differ between endemics and common plants. Therefore, we performed pairwise comparison analyses of 9 plant functional traits in 36 congeneric pairs of endemics and their common congeners on the East Mediterranean island of Cyprus, i.e., the first such study conducted on a Mediterranean island. We found that endemic species prefer higher elevations and more extreme habitats. Endemics were smaller and they had smaller flowers than their common congeners. Common species had higher chromosome numbers than endemic ones. Endemic and common species showed no significant differences in canopy height, inflorescence height, leaf length and width, and flowering period. Our study showed that the situation on a large oceanic island does not differ from results in mainland research areas. KW - Biodiversity hotspot KW - Mediterranean Basin KW - Cyprus KW - Endemism KW - Rare common comparison Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-016-0673-y SN - 1385-0237 SN - 1573-5052 VL - 218 SP - 139 EP - 150 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sharma, Neha A1 - Ruelens, Philip A1 - Maggen, Thomas A1 - Dochy, Niklas A1 - Torfs, Sanne A1 - Kaufmann, Kerstin A1 - Rohde, Antje A1 - Geuten, Koen T1 - A Flowering Locus C Homolog Is a Vernalization-Regulated Repressor in Brachypodium and Is Cold Regulated in Wheat JF - Plant physiology : an international journal devoted to physiology, biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, biophysics and environmental biology of plants N2 - Winter cereals require prolonged cold to transition from vegetative to reproductive development. This process, referred to as vernalization, has been extensively studied in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In Arabidopsis, a key flowering repressor called FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) quantitatively controls the vernalization requirement. By contrast, in cereals, the vernalization response is mainly regulated by the VERNALIZATION genes, VRN1 and VRN2. Here, we characterize ODDSOC2, a recently identified FLC ortholog in monocots, knowing that it belongs to the FLC lineage. By studying its expression in a diverse set of Brachypodium accessions, we find that it is a good predictor of the vernalization requirement. Analyses of transgenics demonstrated that BdODDSOC2 functions as a vernalization-regulated flowering repressor. In most Brachypodium accessions BdODDSOC2 is down-regulated by cold, and in one of the winter accessions in which this down-regulation was evident, BdODDSOC2 responded to cold before BdVRN1. When stably down-regulated, the mechanism is associated with spreading H3K27me3 modifications at the BdODDSOC2 chromatin. Finally, homoeolog-specific gene expression analyses identify TaAGL33 and its splice variant TaAGL22 as the FLC orthologs in wheat (Triticum aestivum) behaving most similar to Brachypodium ODDSOC2. Overall, our study suggests that ODDSOC2 is not only phylogenetically related to FLC in eudicots but also functions as a flowering repressor in the vernalization pathway of Brachypodium and likely other temperate grasses. These insights could prove useful in breeding efforts to refine the vernalization requirement of temperate cereals and adapt varieties to changing climates. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.16.01161 SN - 0032-0889 SN - 1532-2548 VL - 173 IS - 2 SP - 1301 EP - 1315 PB - American Society of Plant Physiologists CY - Rockville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lehmann, Andreas A1 - Floris, Joël A1 - Woitek, Ulrich A1 - Ruehli, Frank J. A1 - Staub, Kaspar T1 - Temporal trends, regional variation and socio-economic differences in height, BMI and body proportions among German conscripts, 1956-2010 JF - Public Health Nutrition N2 - Objective: We analyse temporal trends and regional variation among the most recent available anthropometric data from German conscription in the years 2008-2010 and their historical contextualization since 1956. Design/setting/subjects: The overall sample included German conscripts (N 13 857 313) from 1956 to 2010. Results: German conscripts changed from growing in height to growing in breadth. Over the analysed 54 years, average height of 19-year-old conscripts increased by 6.5 cm from 173.5 cm in 1956 (birth year 1937) to 180.0 cm in 2010 (birth year 1991). This increase plateaued since the 1990s (1970s birth years). The increase in average weight, however, did not lessen during the last two decades but increased in two steps: at the end of the 1980s and after 1999. The weight and BMI distributions became increasingly right-skewed, the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased from 11.6 % and 2.1 % in 1984 to 19.9 % and 8.5 % in 2010, respectively. The north-south gradient in height (north = taller) persisted during our observations. Height and weight of conscripts from East Germany matched the German average between the early 1990s and 2009. Between the 1980s and the early 1990s, the average chest circumference increased, the average difference between chest circumference when inhaling and exhaling decreased, as did leg length relative to trunk length. Conclusions: Measuring anthropometric data for military conscripts yielded year-by-year monitoring of the health status of young men at a proscribed age. Such findings contribute to a more precise identification of groups at risk and thus help with further studies and to target interventions. KW - Stature KW - Obesity KW - Secular height trend Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980016002408 SN - 1368-9800 SN - 1475-2727 VL - 20 IS - 3 SP - 391 EP - 403 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nazir, Tatjana A. A1 - Hrycyk, Lianna A1 - Moreau, Quentin A1 - Frak, Victor A1 - Cheylus, Anne A1 - Ott, Laurent A1 - Lindemann, Oliver A1 - Fischer, Martin H. A1 - Paulignan, Yves A1 - Delevoye-Turrell, Yvonne T1 - A simple technique to study embodied language processes BT - the grip force sensor JF - Behavior research methods : a journal of the Psychonomic Society N2 - Research in cognitive neuroscience has shown that brain structures serving perceptual, emotional, and motor processes are also recruited during the understanding of language when it refers to emotion, perception, and action. However, the exact linguistic and extralinguistic conditions under which such language-induced activity in modality-specific cortex is triggered are not yet well understood. The purpose of this study is to introduce a simple experimental technique that allows for the online measure of language-induced activity in motor structures of the brain. This technique consists in the use of a grip force sensor that captures subtle grip force variations while participants listen to words and sentences. Since grip force reflects activity in motor brain structures, the continuous monitoring of force fluctuations provides a fine-grained estimation of motor activity across time. In other terms, this method allows for both localization of the source of language-induced activity to motor brain structures and high temporal resolution of the recorded data. To facilitate comparison of the data to be collected with this tool, we present two experiments that describe in detail the technical setup, the nature of the recorded data, and the analyses (including justification about the data filtering and artifact rejection) that we applied. We also discuss how the tool could be used in other domains of behavioral research. KW - Grip-force sensor KW - Embodiment KW - Language KW - Motor system Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-015-0696-7 SN - 1554-351X SN - 1554-3528 VL - 49 SP - 61 EP - 73 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ghasemizade, Mehdi A1 - Baroni, Gabriele A1 - Abbaspour, Karim A1 - Schirmer, Mario T1 - Combined analysis of time-varying sensitivity and identifiability indices to diagnose the response of a complex environmental model JF - Environmental modelling & software with environment data news N2 - Sensitivity and identifiability analyses are common diagnostic tools to address over-parametrization in complex environmental models, but a combined application of the two analyses is rarely conducted. In this study, we performed a temporal global sensitivity analysis using the variance-based method of Sobol’ and a temporal identifiability analysis of model parameters using the dynamic identifiability method (DYNIA). We discuss the relationship between the two analyses with a focus on parameter identification and output uncertainty reduction. The hydrological model HydroGeoSphere was used to simulate daily evapotranspiration, water content, and seepage at the lysimeter scale. We found that identifiability of a parameter does not necessarily reduce output uncertainty. It was also found that the information from the main and total effects (main Sobol' sensitivity indices) is required to allow uncertainty reduction in the model output. Overall, the study highlights the role of combined temporal diagnostic tools for improving our understanding of model behavior. KW - Temporal sensitivity KW - Identifiability KW - Preferential flow KW - HydroGeoSphere KW - Output uncertainty Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.10.011 SN - 1364-8152 SN - 1873-6726 VL - 88 SP - 22 EP - 34 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nelson, Daniel B. A1 - Knohl, Alexander A1 - Sachse, Dirk A1 - Schefulss, Enno A1 - Kahmen, Ansgar T1 - Sources and abundances of leaf waxes in aerosols in central Europe JF - Geochimica et cosmochimica acta : journal of the Geochemical Society and the Meteoritical Society N2 - Atmospheric transport is an understudied mechanism for leaf wax hydrogen isotope applications that contributes to mobilizing and depositing these compounds on the surface of the Earth. While previous efforts have identified the importance of atmospheric leaf wax deposition in remote marine locations, the processes are not well constrained on land in temperate latitudes where lakes are common and sedimentary leaf wax hydrogen isotope values are an attractive tool for understanding past precipitation changes. This work presents results from a field study that was conducted in 2010 and 2011 at Hainich National Park, Germany in order to evaluate the quantity and sources of leaf waxes in the atmosphere. Aerosols were sampled at approximately weekly intervals inside the forest canopy, and n-alkane distributions and hydrogen isotope values were compared with those from major tree species surrounding the sampling site. Despite sampling in what was expected to be a major production center, the distribution and hydrogen isotope values of atmospheric n-alkanes bore little resemblance to those of the local vegetation. Comparison with local meteorological data and to 10-day and 36-h back air mass trajectories indicated shifting effects of winds and temperature, and that mesoscale transport processes were more important than longrange mechanisms. Back trajectories also highlighted source effects, with easterly winds coinciding with relatively lower leaf wax hydrogen isotope values from more continental regions. These results suggest that leaf wax aerosols average over spatial scales that exceed typical surface catchment areas for small lake systems, even in forested areas, yet that the area over which these compounds are derived is still relatively regional. Depositional fluxes were also estimated in order to assess the potential importance of atmospheric transport to sedimentary archives. Although difficult to constrain, these estimates suggest that atmospheric deposition may be non-negligible for lake systems in cases where inputs from rivers or surface runoff are limited. Together, these observations provide new insights on how leaf waxes from different sources are integrated during aeolian transport and the spatial scales over which these processes occur. KW - Hydrogen isotopes KW - Leaf wax KW - Aerosols KW - n-Alkanes KW - Biomarkers KW - Lakes KW - Sediments Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.11.018 SN - 0016-7037 SN - 1872-9533 VL - 198 SP - 299 EP - 314 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Felgentreff, Tim A1 - Perscheid, Michael A1 - Hirschfeld, Robert T1 - Implementing record and refinement for debugging timing-dependent communication JF - Science of computer programming N2 - Distributed applications are hard to debug because timing-dependent network communication is a source of non-deterministic behavior. Current approaches to debug non deterministic failures include post-mortem debugging as well as record and replay. However, the first impairs system performance to gather data, whereas the latter requires developers to understand the timing-dependent communication at a lower level of abstraction than they develop at. Furthermore, both approaches require intrusive core library modifications to gather data from live systems. In this paper, we present the Peek-At-Talk debugger for investigating non-deterministic failures with low overhead in a systematic, top-down method, with a particular focus on tool-building issues in the following areas: First, we show how our debugging framework Path Tools guides developers from failures to their root causes and gathers run-time data with low overhead. Second, we present Peek-At-Talk, an extension to our Path Tools framework to record non-deterministic communication and refine behavioral data that connects source code with network events. Finally, we scope changes to the core library to record network communication without impacting other network applications. KW - Distributed debugging KW - Record and replay KW - Dynamic analysis KW - Record and refinement Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2015.11.006 SN - 0167-6423 SN - 1872-7964 VL - 134 SP - 4 EP - 18 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Michalik-Onichimowska, Aleksandra A1 - Beitz, Toralf A1 - Panne, Ulrich A1 - Löhmannsröben, Hans-Gerd A1 - Riedel, Jens T1 - Microsecond mid-infrared laser pulses for atmospheric pressure laser ablation/ionization of liquid samples JF - Sensors and actuators : B, Chemical N2 - In many laser based ionization techniques with a subsequent drift time separation, the laser pulse generating the ions is considered as the start time to. Therefore, an accurate temporal definition of this event is crucial for the resolution of the experiments. In this contribution, the laser induced plume dynamics of liquids evaporating into atmospheric pressure are visualized for two distinctively different laser pulse widths, Delta t = 6 nanoseconds and Delta tau = 280 microseconds. For ns-pulses the expansion of the generated vapour against atmospheric pressure is found to lead to turbulences inside the gas phase. This results in spatial and temporal broadening of the nascent clouds. A more equilibrated expansion, without artificial smearing of the temporal resolution can, in contrast, be observed to follow mu s-pulse excitation. This leads to the counterintuitive finding that longer laser pulses results in an increased temporal vapour formation definition. To examine if this fume expansion also eventually results in a better definition of ion formation, the nascent vapour plumes were expanded into a linear drift tube ion mobility spectrometer (IMS). This time resolved detection of ion formation corroborates the temporal broadening caused by collisional impeding of the supersonic expansion at atmospheric pressure and the overall better defined ion formation by evaporation with long laser pulses. A direct comparison of the observed results strongly suggests the coexistence of two individual ion formation mechanisms that can be specifically addressed by the use of appropriate laser sources. KW - Laser ablation KW - Ion mobility spectrometry KW - Pulse duration KW - Plume KW - Ionization Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2016.06.155 SN - 0925-4005 VL - 238 SP - 298 EP - 305 PB - Elsevier CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cotronei, Mariantonia A1 - Di Salvo, Rosa A1 - Holschneider, Matthias A1 - Puccio, Luigia T1 - Interpolation in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces based on random subdivision schemes JF - Journal of computational and applied mathematics N2 - In this paper we present a Bayesian framework for interpolating data in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space associated with a random subdivision scheme, where not only approximations of the values of a function at some missing points can be obtained, but also uncertainty estimates for such predicted values. This random scheme generalizes the usual subdivision by taking into account, at each level, some uncertainty given in terms of suitably scaled noise sequences of i.i.d. Gaussian random variables with zero mean and given variance, and generating, in the limit, a Gaussian process whose correlation structure is characterized and used for computing realizations of the conditional posterior distribution. The hierarchical nature of the procedure may be exploited to reduce the computational cost compared to standard techniques in the case where many prediction points need to be considered. KW - Subdivision schemes KW - Interpolation KW - Simulation of Gaussian processes KW - Bayesian inversion Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2016.08.002 SN - 0377-0427 SN - 1879-1778 VL - 311 SP - 342 EP - 353 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lecourieux, Fatma A1 - Kappel, Christian A1 - Pieri, Philippe A1 - Charon, Justine A1 - Pillet, Jeremy A1 - Hilbert, Ghislaine A1 - Renaud, Christel A1 - Gomes, Eric A1 - Delrot, Serge A1 - Lecourieux, David T1 - Dissecting the Biochemical and Transcriptomic Effects of a Locally Applied Heat Treatment on Developing Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Berries JF - Frontiers in plant science N2 - Reproductive development of grapevine and berry composition are both strongly influenced by temperature. To date, the molecular mechanisms involved in grapevine berries response to high temperatures are poorly understood. Unlike recent data that addressed the effects on berry development of elevated temperatures applied at the whole plant level, the present work particularly focuses on the fruit responses triggered by direct exposure to heat treatment (HT). In the context of climate change, this work focusing on temperature effect at the microclimate level is of particular interest as it can help to better understand the consequences of leaf removal (a common viticultural practice) on berry development. HT (+8 degrees C) was locally applied to clusters from Cabernet Sauvignon fruiting cuttings at three different developmental stages (middle green, veraison and middle ripening). Samples were collected 1, 7, and 14 days after treatment and used for metabolic and transcriptomic analyses. The results showed dramatic and specific biochemical and transcriptomic changes in heat exposed berries, depending on the developmental stage and the stress duration. When applied at the herbaceous stage, HT delayed the onset of veraison. Heating also strongly altered the berry concentration of amino acids and organic acids (e.g., phenylalanine, raminobutyric acid and malate) and decreased the anthocyanin content at maturity. These physiological alterations could be partly explained by the deep remodeling of transcriptome in heated berries. More than 7000 genes were deregulated in at least one of the nine experimental conditions. The most affected processes belong to the categories "stress responses," protein metabolism" and "secondary metabolism," highlighting the intrinsic capacity of grape berries to perceive HT and to build adaptive responses. Additionally, important changes in processes related to "transport," "hormone" and "cell wall" might contribute to the postponing of veraison. Finally, opposite effects depending on heating duration were observed for genes encoding enzymes of the general phenylpropanoid pathway, suggesting that the HI induced decrease in anthocyanin content may result from a combination of transcript abundance and product degradation. KW - grapevine KW - berry development KW - microclimate KW - high temperature KW - microarrays KW - metabolomics/metabolite profiling KW - climate change Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00053 SN - 1664-462X VL - 8 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Goychuk, Igor T1 - Quantum ergodicity breaking in semi-classical electron transfer dynamics JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - Can the statistical properties of single-electron transfer events be correctly predicted within a common equilibrium ensemble description? This fundamental in nanoworld question of ergodic behavior is scrutinized within a very basic semi-classical curve-crossing problem. It is shown that in the limit of non-adiabatic electron transfer (weak tunneling) well-described by the Marcus-Levich-Dogonadze (MLD) rate the answer is yes. However, in the limit of the so-called solvent-controlled adiabatic electron transfer, a profound breaking of ergodicity occurs. Namely, a common description based on the ensemble reduced density matrix with an initial equilibrium distribution of the reaction coordinate is not able to reproduce the statistics of single-trajectory events in this seemingly classical regime. For sufficiently large activation barriers, the ensemble survival probability in a state remains nearly exponential with the inverse rate given by the sum of the adiabatic curve crossing (Kramers) time and the inverse MLD rate. In contrast, near to the adiabatic regime, the single-electron survival probability is clearly non-exponential, even though it possesses an exponential tail which agrees well with the ensemble description. Initially, it is well described by a Mittag-Leffler distribution with a fractional rate. Paradoxically, the mean transfer time in this classical on the ensemble level regime is well described by the inverse of the nonadiabatic quantum tunneling rate on a single particle level. An analytical theory is developed which perfectly agrees with stochastic simulations and explains our findings. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cp07206b SN - 1463-9076 SN - 1463-9084 VL - 19 SP - 3056 EP - 3066 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Melnick, Daniel A1 - Moreno, Marcos A1 - Quinteros, Javier A1 - Carlos Baez, Juan A1 - Deng, Zhiguo A1 - Li, Shaoyang A1 - Oncken, Onno T1 - The super-interseismic phase of the megathrust earthquake cycle in Chile JF - Geophysical research letters N2 - Along a subduction zone, great megathrust earthquakes recur either after long seismic gaps lasting several decades to centuries or over much shorter periods lasting hours to a few years when cascading successions of earthquakes rupture nearby segments of the fault. We analyze a decade of continuous Global Positioning System observations along the South American continent to estimate changes in deformation rates between the 2010 Maule (M8.8) and 2015 Illapel (M8.3) Chilean earthquakes. We find that surface velocities increased after the 2010 earthquake, in response to continental-scale viscoelastic mantle relaxation and to regional-scale increased degree of interplate locking. We propose that increased locking occurs transiently during a super-interseismic phase in segments adjacent to a megathrust rupture, responding to bending of both plates caused by coseismic slip and subsequent afterslip. Enhanced strain rates during a super-interseismic phase may therefore bring a megathrust segment closer to failure and possibly triggered the 2015 event. KW - megathrust KW - earthquake KW - cycle KW - Chile Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071845 SN - 0094-8276 SN - 1944-8007 VL - 44 IS - 2 SP - 784 EP - 791 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Becker, Christian A1 - Schenkel, Alexander A1 - Szabo, Richard J. T1 - Differential cohomology and locally covariant quantum field theory JF - Reviews in Mathematical Physics N2 - We study differential cohomology on categories of globally hyperbolic Lorentzian manifolds. The Lorentzian metric allows us to define a natural transformation whose kernel generalizes Maxwell's equations and fits into a restriction of the fundamental exact sequences of differential cohomology. We consider smooth Pontryagin duals of differential cohomology groups, which are subgroups of the character groups. We prove that these groups fit into smooth duals of the fundamental exact sequences of differential cohomology and equip them with a natural presymplectic structure derived from a generalized Maxwell Lagrangian. The resulting presymplectic Abelian groups are quantized using the CCR-functor, which yields a covariant functor from our categories of globally hyperbolic Lorentzian manifolds to the category of C∗-algebras. We prove that this functor satisfies the causality and time-slice axioms of locally covariant quantum field theory, but that it violates the locality axiom. We show that this violation is precisely due to the fact that our functor has topological subfunctors describing the Pontryagin duals of certain singular cohomology groups. As a byproduct, we develop a Fréchet–Lie group structure on differential cohomology groups. KW - Algebraic quantum field theory KW - generalized Abelian gauge theory KW - differential cohomology Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129055X17500039 SN - 0129-055X SN - 1793-6659 VL - 29 IS - 1 PB - World Scientific CY - Singapore ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zohsel, Katrin A1 - Holz, Nathalie E. A1 - Hohm, Erika A1 - Schmidt, Martin H. A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Brandeis, Daniel A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias A1 - Laucht, Manfred T1 - Fewer self-reported depressive symptoms in young adults exposed to maternal depressed mood during pregnancy JF - Journal of Affective Disorders N2 - Background: Depressed mood is prevalent during pregnancy, with accumulating evidence suggesting an impact on developmental outcome in the offspring. However, the long-term effects of prenatal maternal depression regarding internalizing psychopathology in the offspring are as yet unclear. Results: In n=85 young adults exposed to prenatal maternal depressed mood, no significantly higher risk for a diagnosis of depressive disorder was observed. However, they reported significantly lower levels of depressive symptoms. This association was especially pronounced when prenatal maternal depressed mood was present during the first trimester of pregnancy and when maternal mood was depressed pre- as well as postnatally. At an uncorrected level only, prenatal maternal depressed mood was associated with decreased amygdala volume. Limitations: Prenatal maternal depressed mood was not assessed during pregnancy, but shortly after childbirth. No diagnoses of maternal clinical depression during pregnancy were available. Conclusions: Self-reported depressive symptoms do not imply increased, but rather decreased symptom levels in young adults who were exposed to prenatal maternal depressed mood. A long-term perspective may be important when considering consequences of prenatal risk factors. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.059 SN - 0165-0327 SN - 1573-2517 VL - 209 SP - 155 EP - 162 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Plener, Paul L. A1 - Zohsel, Katrin A1 - Hohm, Erika A1 - Buchmann, Arlette F. A1 - Banaschewski, T. A1 - Zimmermann, Ulrich S. A1 - Laucht, Manfred T1 - Lower cortisol level in response to a psychosocial stressor in young females with self-harm JF - Psychoneuroendocrinology N2 - Background: Self-harm is highly prevalent in adolescence, often serving an emotion regulation function. Social stressors such as bullying are associated with self-harm. The neurobiological background of the relationship between social stressors and self-harm needs to be further understood to inform prevention and therapy. Methods: Participants were members of an epidemiological cohort study. 130 female participants underwent the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) at age 19. Of them, 21 reported a history of self-harm as assessed by the Youth Self Report. Psychiatric diagnoses were recorded. Results: Participants with a history of self-harm showed significantly lower blood cortisol levels throughout the TSST. Early psychosocial adversity did not significantly differ between groups with and without self-harm, with self-harming participants reporting more childhood adversities. Conclusion: These results add to the limited field of studies showing an altered HPA axis activity in females with self-harm. Future studies need to address the causal mechanisms behind this association. KW - Self-harm KW - Trier Social Stress Test KW - TSST KW - Cortisol KW - Nonsuicidal self-injury Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.11.009 SN - 0306-4530 VL - 76 SP - 84 EP - 87 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kunnus, Kristjan A1 - Josefsson, I. A1 - Schreck, Simon Frederik A1 - Quevedo, W. A1 - Miedema, P. S. A1 - Techert, S. A1 - de Groot, F. M. F. A1 - Föhlisch, Alexander A1 - Odelius, M. A1 - Wernet, Ph. T1 - Quantifying covalent interactions with resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering BT - case study of Ni2+ aqua complex JF - Chemical physics letters N2 - We analyze the effects of covalent interactions in Ni 2p3d resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) spectra from aqueous Ni2+ ions and find that the relative RIXS intensities of ligand-to-metal charge-transfer final states with respect to the ligand-field final states reflect the covalent mixing between Ni 3d and water orbitals. Specifically, the experimental intensity ratio at the Ni L-3-edge allows to determine that the Ni 3d orbitals have on average 5.5% of water character. We propose that 2p3d RIXS at the Ni L-3-edge can be utilized to quantify covalency in Ni complexes without the use of external references or simulations. KW - Transition-metal ion KW - Aqueous solution KW - Covalent interaction KW - Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering KW - Ligand-field state KW - Charge-transfer state Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2016.12.046 SN - 0009-2614 SN - 1873-4448 VL - 669 SP - 196 EP - 201 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ruelens, Philip A1 - Zhang, Zhicheng A1 - van Mourik, Hilda A1 - Maere, Steven A1 - Kaufmann, Kerstin A1 - Geuten, Koen T1 - The Origin of Floral Organ Identity Quartets JF - The plant cell N2 - The origin of flowers has puzzled plant biologists ever since Darwin referred to their sudden appearance in the fossil record as an abominable mystery. Flowers are considered to be an assembly of protective, attractive, and reproductive male and female leaf-like organs. Their origin cannot be understood by a morphological comparison to gymnosperms, their closest relatives, which develop separate male or female cones. Despite these morphological differences, gymnosperms and angiosperms possess a similar genetic toolbox consisting of phylogenetically related MADS domain proteins. Using ancestral MADS domain protein reconstruction, we trace the evolution of organ identity quartets along the stem lineage of crown angiosperms. We provide evidence that current floral quartets specifying male organ identity, which consist of four types of subunits, evolved from ancestral complexes of two types of subunits through gene duplication and integration of SEPALLATA proteins just before the origin of flowering plants. Our results suggest that protein interaction changes underlying this compositional shift were the result of a gradual and reversible evolutionary trajectory. Modeling shows that such compositional changes may have facilitated the evolution of the perfect, bisexual flower. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.16.00366 SN - 1040-4651 SN - 1532-298X VL - 29 IS - 2 SP - 229 EP - 242 PB - American Society of Plant Physiologists CY - Rockville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ganghof, Steffen T1 - The Empirical Uses of Theoretical Models BT - the Case of Veto Player Theory JF - Political studies review N2 - Veto player theory is a powerful approach to comparative politics. This article argues that the debate about its explanatory success would benefit from more systematic distinctions. The theory not only comes in different theoretical variants, it is also used in radically different ways empirically. Starting from recent debates about the ‘testing’ of theoretical models, the article distinguishes five ways in which theoretical models can be used empirically: contrastive, axiomatic, exploratory, presumptive and modular. The typology is applied to veto player theory and illustrated with exemplary studies and debates. The article concludes that each type raises different questions that should be answered in individual studies. Moreover, while veto player theory has an excellent track record on four empirical uses, the picture on its contrastive use is far more nuanced. More explicitly contrastive testing of the theory is desirable. KW - veto player theory KW - theory testing KW - empirical implications of theoretical models KW - contrastive empiricism Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1478-9302.12098 SN - 1478-9299 SN - 1478-9302 VL - 15 SP - 49 EP - 59 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Siska, Veronika A1 - Jones, Eppie Ruth A1 - Jeon, Sungwon A1 - Bhak, Youngjune A1 - Kim, Hak-Min A1 - Cho, Yun Sung A1 - Kim, Hyunho A1 - Lee, Kyusang A1 - Veselovskaya, Elizaveta A1 - Balueva, Tatiana A1 - Gallego-Llorente, Marcos A1 - Hofreiter, Michael A1 - Bradley, Daniel G. A1 - Eriksson, Anders A1 - Pinhasi, Ron A1 - Bhak, Jong A1 - Manica, Andrea T1 - Genome-wide data from two early Neolithic East Asian individuals dating to 7700 years ago JF - Science Advances N2 - Ancient genomes have revolutionized our understanding of Holocene prehistory and, particularly, the Neolithic transition in western Eurasia. In contrast, East Asia has so far received little attention, despite representing a core region at which the Neolithic transition took place independently ~3 millennia after its onset in the Near East. We report genome-wide data from two hunter-gatherers from Devil’s Gate, an early Neolithic cave site (dated to ~7.7 thousand years ago) located in East Asia, on the border between Russia and Korea. Both of these individuals are genetically most similar to geographically close modern populations from the Amur Basin, all speaking Tungusic languages, and, in particular, to the Ulchi. The similarity to nearby modern populations and the low levels of additional genetic material in the Ulchi imply a high level of genetic continuity in this region during the Holocene, a pattern that markedly contrasts with that reported for Europe. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601877 SN - 2375-2548 VL - 3 IS - 2 PB - American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reike, Dennis A1 - Schwarz, Wolfgang T1 - Exploring the origin of the number-size congruency effect BT - sensitivity or response bias? JF - Attention, perception, & psychophysics : AP&P ; a journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc. N2 - Physical size modulates the efficiency of digit comparison, depending on whether the relation of numerical magnitude and physical size is congruent or incongruent (Besner & Coltheart, Neuropsychologia, 17, 467–472, 1979), the number-size congruency effect (NSCE). In addition, Henik and Tzelgov (Memory & Cognition, 10, 389–395, 1982) first reported an NSCE for the reverse task of comparing the physical size of digits such that the numerical magnitude of digits modulated the time required to compare their physical sizes. Does the NSCE in physical comparisons simply reflect a number-mediated bias mechanism related to making decisions and selecting responses about the digit’s sizes? Alternatively, or in addition, the NSCE might indicate a true increase in the ability to discriminate small and large font sizes when these sizes are congruent with the digit’s symbolic numerical meaning, over and above response bias effects. We present a new research design that permits us to apply signal detection theory to a task that required observers to judge the physical size of digits. Our results clearly demonstrate that the NSCE cannot be reduced to mere response bias effects, and that genuine sensitivity gains for congruent number-size pairings contribute to the NSCE. KW - Numerical cognition KW - Number-size congruity effect KW - Signal detection theory Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-016-1267-4 SN - 1943-3921 SN - 1943-393X VL - 79 SP - 383 EP - 388 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Münch, Florentin T1 - Remarks on curvature dimension conditions on graphs JF - Calculus of variations and partial differential equations N2 - We show a connection between the CDE′ inequality introduced in Horn et al. (Volume doubling, Poincaré inequality and Gaussian heat kernel estimate for nonnegative curvature graphs. arXiv:1411.5087v2, 2014) and the CDψ inequality established in Münch (Li–Yau inequality on finite graphs via non-linear curvature dimension conditions. arXiv:1412.3340v1, 2014). In particular, we introduce a CDφψ inequality as a slight generalization of CDψ which turns out to be equivalent to CDE′ with appropriate choices of φ and ψ. We use this to prove that the CDE′ inequality implies the classical CD inequality on graphs, and that the CDE′ inequality with curvature bound zero holds on Ricci-flat graphs. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00526-016-1104-6 SN - 0944-2669 SN - 1432-0835 VL - 56 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pan, Jinger A1 - Kong, Yan A1 - Song, Shuang A1 - McBride, Catherine A1 - Liu, Hongyun A1 - Shu, Hua T1 - Socioeconomic status, parent report of children’s early language skills, and late literacy skills BT - a long term follow-up study among Chinese children JF - Reading and writing : an interdisciplinary journal N2 - Previous research on the longitudinal prediction of literacy development has focused mainly on the relationship between early cognitive/language skills and late literacy skills. The present study aimed to test the reliability of a number of measures reported by parents as compared to measuring cognitive and language skills in predicting subsequent reading achievement. Two hundred sixty-two Chinese children were administered four cognitive and language skills over three years at the preliterate stage. Additional information on children’s family socioeconomic status (SES), children’s early language skills, familial reading performance and habits, and familial handedness based on the observations of parents was collected. Performance on these variables in relation to subsequent literacy skills at 11 years of age was examined. SES and children’s early language skills significantly predicted subsequent literacy skills. Even with a number of cognitive and language skills statistically controlled, parental reports of children’s early language skills still contributed to reading comprehension. Poor readers defined at 11 years of age had lagged behind in early language skills, as well as family reading performance and habits, as compared to typically developing readers. These findings suggest that SES and parental estimates of children’s early language skills are useful for predicting children’s subsequent reading achievement. KW - SES KW - Parent questionnaire KW - Early language skills KW - Familial risk KW - Chinese reading Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-016-9682-4 SN - 0922-4777 SN - 1573-0905 VL - 30 SP - 401 EP - 416 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kozicka, Marta A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias A1 - Brockhaus, Jan T1 - Food Grain Policies in India and their Implications for Stocks and Fiscal Costs BT - a Dynamic Partial Equilibrium Analysis JF - Journal of Agricultural Economics N2 - We analyse current and possible future reforms of the Indian food policies for the most important staple grains, wheat and rice, within a two-commodity dynamic partial equilibrium model with stochastic shocks. The model is empirically grounded and reproduces past values well. It uses a new reduced-form approach to capture private storage dynamics. We evaluate the implementation of the National Food Security Act (NFSA) under several policy measures with the current regime as well as two scenarios with a regime change - implementation of cash transfers and deficiency payments. Implications for market fundamentals and fiscal costs are simulated in the medium term - until 2020/21. The NFSA puts a high pressure on fiscal costs and public stocks. Relying on imports with low support prices results in low fiscal costs and stable, but higher domestic and international prices, and a high risk of zero stocks. A policy strategy to manipulate procurement prices in order to maintain public stocks close to the norms leads to slightly higher fiscal costs with lower, but more volatile prices. The highest domestic price volatility occurs under a strategy which uses export bans in order to maintain sufficient public stocks. A cash-based regime can bring considerable savings and curb fiscal costs, particularly if targeted to the poor, and would leave sufficient stocks due to higher private stocks. KW - Fiscal costs KW - food grain policies KW - grain storage KW - India KW - NFSA KW - reforms Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-9552.12176 SN - 0021-857X SN - 1477-9552 VL - 68 IS - 1 SP - 98 EP - 122 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dimitrova, Ilinka A1 - Fernandes, Vitor H. A1 - Koppitz, Jörg T1 - A note on generators of the endomorphism semigroup of an infinite countable chain JF - Journal of Algebra and its Applications N2 - In this note, we consider the semigroup O(X) of all order endomorphisms of an infinite chain X and the subset J of O(X) of all transformations alpha such that vertical bar Im(alpha)vertical bar = vertical bar X vertical bar. For an infinite countable chain X, we give a necessary and sufficient condition on X for O(X) = < J > to hold. We also present a sufficient condition on X for O(X) = < J > to hold, for an arbitrary infinite chain X. KW - Infinite chain KW - endomorphism semigroup KW - generators KW - relative rank Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219498817500311 SN - 0219-4988 SN - 1793-6829 VL - 16 IS - 2 PB - World Scientific CY - Singapore ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Saini, Jeetendra A1 - Guenther, Franziska A1 - Aichner, Bernhard A1 - Mischke, Steffen A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike A1 - Zhang, Chengjun A1 - Maeusbacher, Roland A1 - Gleixner, Gerd T1 - Climate variability in the past similar to 19,000 yr in NE Tibetan Plateau inferred from biomarker and stable isotope records of Lake Donggi Cona JF - Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal N2 - We investigated 4.84-m-long sediment record spanning over the Late Glacial and Holocene from Lake Donggi Cona to be able to reconstruct circulation pattern on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Presently, Lake Donggi Cona is located at the boundaries of Westerlies and Asian monsoon circulations in the northeastern TP. However, the exact timing and stimulating mechanisms for climatic changes and monsoon shifts in this region are still debated. We used a 19-ka-long stable isotope record of sedimentary n-alkanes to address this discrepancy by providing insights into paleohydrological conditions. The SD of nC(23) is influenced by lake water evaporation; the BD. values of sedimentary nC(29) are mainly controlled by moisture source and temperature changes. Long-chain n-alkanes dominate over the core whereas three mean clusters (i.e. microbial, aquatic and terrestrial) can be inferred. Multi-proxies suggest five major episodes in the history of Lake Donggi Cona. The Lake Donggi Cona record indicates that the Late Glacial(18.4-14.8 cal ka BP) was dominated by low productivity of mainly microbial and aquatic organisms. Relatively low delta D values suggest low temperatures and moist conditions eventually caused by stronger Westerlies, winter monsoon and melt-water influence. Likely, the shift (similar to 17.9 cal ka BP) from microbial to enhanced aquatic input suggests either a change from deep to shallow water lake or a break in local stratification. Between 14.8 and 13.0 cal ka BP, variable climatic conditions prevailed. Although the Westerlies weekend, the increase in temperature enhanced the permafrost and snow melting (displayed by a high sedimentary accumulation rate). Higher delta D values indicate increasingly arid conditions with higher temperatures which eventually lead to high evaporative conditions and lowest lake levels. Low vegetation cover and high erosion rates led to high sediment accumulation resulting in stratification followed by anoxia in the terminal lake. From 13.0 to 9.2 cal ka BP, lowered values of 813 along with high contents of terrestrial organic matter marked the early-Holocene warming indicating a further strengthening of summer precipitation and higher lake levels. A cooling trend was observed in the mid-Holocene between 9.2 and 3.0 cal ka BP accompanied by higher moisture availability (displayed by lowered SD values) caused by reduced evaporative conditions due to a drop in temperature and recovering Westerlies. After 3.0 cal ka BP, a decrease in lake productivity and cold and semi-arid conditions prevailed suggesting lower lake levels and reduced moisture from recycled air masses and Westerlies. We propose that the summer monsoon was the predominant moisture source during the Belling-Allered warm complex and early -Holocene followed by Westerlies in mid-to-late Holocene period. Stable carbon isotope values-32%o indicate the absence of C-4 -type vegetation in the region contradicting with their presence in the Lake Qinghai record. The 81) record from lake Donggi Cona highlights the importance of the interplay between Westerlies and summer monsoon circulation at this location, which is highly dynamic in northeastern plateau compared to the North Atlantic circulation and insolation changes. Consequently lake Donggi Cona might be an important anchor point for environmental reconstructions on the Tibetan Plateau. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. KW - n-alkanes KW - Hydrogen isotopes (delta D) KW - Carbon isotopes (delta C-13) KW - Carbon preference index (CPI) KW - Westerlies KW - Continental air masses KW - Precipitation KW - Late Glacial and Holocene Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.12.023 SN - 0277-3791 VL - 157 SP - 129 EP - 140 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bauer, Daniel A1 - Werth, Felix A1 - Ha An Nguyen, A1 - Kiecker, Felix A1 - Eberle, Jürgen T1 - Critical role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for synergistic enhancement of apoptosis by vemurafenib and the potassium channel inhibitor TRAM-34 in melanoma cells JF - Cell death & disease N2 - Inhibition of MAP kinase pathways by selective BRAF inhibitors, such as vemurafenib and dabrafenib, have evolved as key therapies of BRAF-mutated melanoma. However, tumor relapse and therapy resistance have remained as major problems, which may be addressed by combination with other pathway inhibitors. Here we identified the potassium channel inhibitor TRAM-34 as highly effective in combination with vemurafenib. Thus apoptosis was significantly enhanced and cell viability was decreased. The combination vemurafenib/TRAM-34 was also effective in vemurafenib-resistant cells, suggesting that acquired resistance may be overcome. Vemurafenib decreased ERK phosphorylation, suppressed antiapoptotic Mcl-1 and enhanced proapoptotic Puma and Bim. The combination resulted in enhancement of proapoptotic pathways as caspase-3 and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Indicating a special mechanism of vemurafenib-induced apoptosis, we found strong enhancement of intracellular ROS levels already at 1 h of treatment. The critical role of ROS was demonstrated by the antioxidant vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol), which decreased intracellular ROS as well as apoptosis. Also caspase activation and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential were suppressed, proving ROS as an upstream effect. Thus ROS represents an initial and independent apoptosis pathway in melanoma cells that is of particular importance for vemurafenib and its combination with TRAM-34. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2017.6 SN - 2041-4889 VL - 8 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gairing, Jan A1 - Högele, Michael A1 - Kosenkova, Tetiana T1 - Transportation distances and noise sensitivity of multiplicative Levy SDE with applications JF - Stochastic processes and their application N2 - This article assesses the distance between the laws of stochastic differential equations with multiplicative Levy noise on path space in terms of their characteristics. The notion of transportation distance on the set of Levy kernels introduced by Kosenkova and Kulik yields a natural and statistically tractable upper bound on the noise sensitivity. This extends recent results for the additive case in terms of coupling distances to the multiplicative case. The strength of this notion is shown in a statistical implementation for simulations and the example of a benchmark time series in paleoclimate. KW - Stochastic differential equations KW - Multiplicative Levy noise KW - Levy type processes KW - Heavy-tailed distributions KW - Model selection KW - Wasserstein distance KW - Time series Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spa.2017.09.003 SN - 0304-4149 SN - 1879-209X VL - 128 IS - 7 SP - 2153 EP - 2178 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zohsel, Katrin A1 - Hohm, Erika A1 - Schmidt, Martin H. A1 - Brandeis, Daniel A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias A1 - Laucht, Manfred T1 - Long-Term Consequences of Early Psychosocial Risks T1 - Langfristige Folgen früher psychosozialer Risiken BT - Mediating Role of the Child Behavior Checklist-Dysregulation Profile BT - Child Behavior Checklist-Dysregulationsprofil als vermittelnder Faktor JF - Kindheit und Entwicklung N2 - In einer prospektiven Längsschnittstudie wurden Auswirkungen früher psychosozialer Risiken bis ins junge Erwachsenenalter untersucht und dabei die Rolle von affektiver und behavioraler Dysregulation im Kindesalter als vermittelndem Faktor überprüft. Drei Monate nach der Geburt wurde das Vorliegen von 11 psychosozialen Belastungsfaktoren erfasst. Im Alter von 8 – 15 Jahren wurde dreimal das Child Behavior Checklist-Dysregulationsprofil (CBCL-DP) erhoben. Mit 25 Jahren wurde ein Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview durchgeführt und 309 der Teilnehmer füllten den Young Adult Self-Report aus. Frühe psychosoziale Risiken gingen mit einem erhöhten Risiko für das Vorliegen eines Substanzmissbrauchs im jungen Erwachsenenalter sowie mit erhöhtem externalisierendem und internalisierendem Problemverhalten einher. Der Zusammenhang zwischen frühen psychosozialen Risiken und späterem externalisierendem bzw. internalisierendem Problemverhalten wurde durch das CBCL-DP vermittelt. N2 - Numerous studies suggested an association between childhood adversities and later increased risk for mental illness. However, most studies have used adults’ retrospective self-reports for assessing adverse childhood experiences. Mechanisms underlying the association between childhood adversities and later psychopathology are not yet well understood. In the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, we prospectively examined the impact of early psychosocial risks on psychopathology in early adulthood. In addition, we tested the mediating role of childhood affective and behavioral dysregulation. In a total of 384 infants from the Rhine-Neckar region of Germany born between 1986 and 1988, the presence of 11 adverse family factors was assessed by use of a standardized parent interview conducted when the child was 3 months old. At the child’s age of 8, 11, and 15 years, parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The CBCL-Dysregulation Profile (CBCL-DP) was formed by summing up the scores of the syndrome scales of aggressive, inattentive, and anxious/depressed behavior. At the age of 25 years, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) was conducted with n = 307 participants to obtain psychiatric diagnoses for the period of young adulthood. In addition, 309 participants filled out the Young Adult Self-Report (YASR) to assess current externalizing and internalizing problem behavior. With respect to psychiatric diagnoses during young adulthood, early psychosocial risks were associated with a significantly increased probability for suffering from substance abuse/dependence. By contrast, risk was not significantly increased for anxiety, depressive, and personality disorders. In addition, early psychosocial risks significantly predicted externalizing and internalizing behavior problems as measured by the YASR. The CBCL-DP was found to mediate this association. To conclude, our results confirm an association between childhood adversities and psychopathology in adulthood. Hence, findings from retrospective studies can also be replicated by the use of prospective study designs. Affective and behavioral dysregulation as measured by the CBCL-DP seems to be a mediating bridge between early psychosocial risks and long-term adverse consequences. The CBCL-DP may be used to identify children at an enhanced risk for developing chronic mental problems. KW - early adversity KW - longitudinal study KW - Mannheim Study of Children at Risk KW - Child Behavior Checklist-Dysregulation Profile Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403/a000233 SN - 0942-5403 SN - 2190-6246 VL - 26 IS - 4 SP - 203 EP - 209 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jessen, Anna A1 - Festman, Julia A1 - Boxell, Oliver A1 - Felser, Claudia T1 - Native and non-native speakers' brain responses to filled indirect Object Gaps JF - Journal of Psycholinguistic Research N2 - We examined native and non-native English speakers’ processing of indirect object wh-dependencies using a filled-gap paradigm while recording event-related potentials (ERPs). The non-native group was comprised of native German-speaking, proficient non-native speakers of English. Both participant groups showed evidence of linking fronted indirect objects to the subcategorizing verb when this was encountered, reflected in an N400 component. Evidence for continued filler activation beyond the verb was seen only in the non-native group, in the shape of a prolonged left-anterior negativity. Both participant groups showed sensitivity to filled indirect object gaps reflected in a P600 response, which was more pronounced and more globally distributed in our non-native group. Taken together, our results indicate that resolving indirect object dependencies is a two-step process in both native and non-native sentence comprehension, with greater processing cost incurred in non-native compared to native comprehension. KW - Sentence processing KW - Wh-movement KW - Filled gaps KW - ERPs Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-017-9496-9 SN - 0090-6905 SN - 1573-6555 VL - 46 SP - 1319 EP - 1338 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bordihn, Henning A1 - Bottoni, Paolo A1 - Labella, Anna A1 - Mitrana, Victor T1 - Networks of picture processors as problem solvers JF - Soft Computing N2 - We propose a solution based on networks of picture processors to the problem of picture pattern matching. The network solving the problem can be informally described as follows: it consists of two subnetworks, one of them extracts at each step, simultaneously, all subpictures of identical (progressively decreasing) size from the input picture and sends them to the other subnetwork which checks whether any of the received pictures is identical to the pattern. We present an efficient solution based on networks with evolutionary processors only, for patterns with at most three rows or columns. Afterward, we present a solution based on networks containing both evolutionary and hiding processors running in O(n + m + kl) computational (processing and communication) steps, for any size (n, m) of the input pic-ture and (k, l) of the pattern. From the proofs of these results, we infer that any (k, l)-local language with 1 <= k <= 3 can be decided in O(n + m + l) computational steps by networks with evolutionary processors only, while any (k, l)-local language with arbitrary k, l can be decided in O(n + m + kl) computational steps by networks containing both evolutionary and hiding processors. KW - Picture KW - Picture processor KW - Hiding processor KW - Picture matching KW - (k,l)-Local language Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-016-2206-y SN - 1432-7643 SN - 1433-7479 VL - 21 SP - 5529 EP - 5541 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meiser, Susanne A1 - Esser, Günter T1 - How dysfunctional are dysfunctional attitudes? BT - a threshold model of dysfunctional attitudes and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents JF - Cognitive Therapy and Research N2 - In order to clarify further the role of Beck’s vulnerability-stress model in the early development of depression, this longitudinal study tested a threshold model of dysfunctional attitudes in children and adolescents. An initially asymptomatic sample of 889 youths aged 9–18 years completed measures of dysfunctional attitudes and depressive symptoms. Twenty months later, participants reported stressful life events and current depressive symptoms. Results support a threshold view of cognitive vulnerability as only dysfunctional attitudes above a certain threshold significantly interacted with life events to predict depressive symptoms. Thus, findings suggest that dysfunctional attitudes must exceed a certain threshold to confer vulnerability to depressive symptomatology in youth. The term “dysfunctional” might therefore only apply to higher levels of the “dysfunctional attitudes” proposed by A. T. Beck. Results also indicate that studies using non-clinical samples may systematically underestimate the effect of dysfunctional attitudes when relying on conventional linear methods. KW - Cognitive vulnerability KW - Depression KW - Children KW - Adolescents KW - Dysfunctional attitudes KW - Threshold models Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-017-9842-0 SN - 0147-5916 SN - 1573-2819 VL - 41 SP - 730 EP - 744 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Schmidt, Martin H. T1 - Die Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie T1 - The Mannheim Study of Children at Risk BT - Idee, Ziele und Design BT - Concept, Aims, and Design JF - Kindheit und Entwicklung N2 - Die Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie untersucht die psychische Entwicklung und ihre Störungen bei Kindern mit unterschiedlich ausgeprägten Risiken mit dem Ziel, Empfehlungen für die Verbesserung der Prävention, Früherkennung und Frühbehandlung von psychischen Störungen bei Kindern abzuleiten. Dazu begleitet sie eine Kohorte von anfangs 384 Kindern in ihrer Entwicklung von der Geburt bis zum Erwachsenenalter. Die Erhebungen fanden in regelmäßigen Abständen statt, beginnend im Alter von 3 Monaten, mit 2 Jahren, 4;6, 8, 11, 15, 19, 22, 23 und 25 Jahren. Geplant ist eine weitere Erhebung mit ca. 30 Jahren. N2 - The Mannheim Study of Children at Risk investigates psychological development and its disorders in children with different risks with the aim of delineating recommendations for improvements of prevention, early identification, and treatment of psychiatric disorders in children. Assessments are conducted at regular intervals, starting at the age of 3 months and then at 2, 4.5, 8, 11, 15, 19, 22, 23, and 25 years. The next assessment is planned for the age of about 30 years. KW - risk research KW - developmental psychopathology Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403/a000232 SN - 0942-5403 SN - 2190-6246 VL - 26 SP - 198 EP - 202 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Olson, R. A1 - An, Soon-Il A1 - Fan, Y. A1 - Evans, J. P. A1 - Caesar, Levke T1 - North Atlantic observations sharpen meridional overturning projections JF - Climate dynamics : observational, theoretical and computational research on the climate system N2 - Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) projections are uncertain due to both model errors, as well as internal climate variability. An AMOC slowdown projected by many climate models is likely to have considerable effects on many aspects of global and North Atlantic climate. Previous studies to make probabilistic AMOC projections have broken new ground. However, they do not drift-correct or cross-validate the projections, and do not fully account for internal variability. Furthermore, they consider a limited subset of models, and ignore the skill of models at representing the temporal North Atlantic dynamics. We improve on previous work by applying Bayesian Model Averaging to weight 13 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 models by their skill at modeling the AMOC strength, and its temporal dynamics, as approximated by the northern North-Atlantic temperature-based AMOC Index. We make drift-corrected projections accounting for structural model errors, and for the internal variability. Cross-validation experiments give approximately correct empirical coverage probabilities, which validates our method. Our results present more evidence that AMOC likely already started slowing down. While weighting considerably moderates and sharpens our projections, our results are at low end of previously published estimates. We project mean AMOC changes between periods 1960-1999 and 2060-2099 of -4.0 Sv and -6.8 Sv for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emissions scenarios respectively. The corresponding average 90% credible intervals for our weighted experiments are [-7.2, -1.2] and [-10.5, -3.7] Sv respectively for the two scenarios. KW - Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation KW - Climate modeling KW - Bayesian Model Averaging KW - Model structural error KW - Probabilistic projections Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3867-7 SN - 0930-7575 SN - 1432-0894 VL - 50 IS - 11-12 SP - 4171 EP - 4188 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Elin, Mark A1 - Shoikhet, David A1 - Tarkhanov, Nikolai Nikolaevich T1 - Analytic Semigroups of Holomorphic Mappings and Composition Operators JF - Computational Methods and Function Theory N2 - In this manuscript we provide a review on the classical and resent results related to the problem of analytic extension in parameter for a semigroup of holomorphic self-mappings of the unit ball in a complex Banach space and its relation to the linear continuous semigroup of composition operators. KW - Non-linear semigroups KW - Composition operators KW - Analytic extension KW - Holomorphic mappings Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40315-017-0227-x SN - 1617-9447 SN - 2195-3724 VL - 18 IS - 2 SP - 269 EP - 294 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Miklashevsky, Alex A. T1 - Perceptual experience norms for 506 Russian nouns BT - modality rating, spatial localization, manipulability, imageability and other variables JF - Journal of Psycholinguistic Research N2 - A number of new psycholinguistic variables has been proposed during the last years within embodied cognition framework: modality experience rating (i.e., relationship between words and images of a particular perceptive modality-visual, auditory, haptic etc.), manipulability (the necessity for an object to interact with human hands in order to perform its function), vertical spatial localization. However, it is not clear how these new variables are related to each other and to such traditional variables as imageability, AoA and word frequency. In this article, normative data on the modality (visual, auditory, haptic, olfactory, and gustatory) ratings, vertical spatial localization of the object, manipulability, imageability, age of acquisition, and subjective frequency for 506 Russian nouns are presented. Strongest correlations were observed between olfactory and gustatory modalities (.81), visual modality and imageability (.78), haptic modality and manipulability (.7). Other modalities also significantly correlate with imageability: olfactory (.35), gustatory (.24), and haptic (.67). Factor analysis divided variables into four groups where visual and haptic modality ratings were combined with imageability, manipulability and AoA (the first factor); word length, frequency and AoA formed the second factor; olfactory modality was united with gustatory (the third factor); spatial localization only is included in the fourth factor. Present norms of imageability and AoA are consistent with previous as correlation analysis has revealed. The complete database can be downloaded from supplementary material. KW - Embodied cognition KW - Modality rating KW - Spatial localization KW - Manipulability KW - Imageability KW - AoA KW - Word frequency KW - Russian KW - Database Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-017-9548-1 SN - 0090-6905 SN - 1573-6555 VL - 47 IS - 3 SP - 641 EP - 661 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jones, Benjamin M. A1 - Arp, Christopher D. A1 - Whitman, Matthew S. A1 - Nigro, Debora A1 - Nitze, Ingmar A1 - Beaver, John A1 - Gadeke, Anne A1 - Zuck, Callie A1 - Liljedahl, Anna A1 - Daanen, Ronald A1 - Torvinen, Eric A1 - Fritz, Stacey A1 - Grosse, Guido T1 - A lake-centric geospatial database to guide research and inform management decisions in an Arctic watershed in northern Alaska experiencing climate and land-use changes JF - AMBIO N2 - Lakes are dominant and diverse landscape features in the Arctic, but conventional land cover classification schemes typically map them as a single uniform class. Here, we present a detailed lake-centric geospatial database for an Arctic watershed in northern Alaska. We developed a GIS dataset consisting of 4362 lakes that provides information on lake morphometry, hydrologic connectivity, surface area dynamics, surrounding terrestrial ecotypes, and other important conditions describing Arctic lakes. Analyzing the geospatial database relative to fish and bird survey data shows relations to lake depth and hydrologic connectivity, which are being used to guide research and aid in the management of aquatic resources in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska. Further development of similar geospatial databases is needed to better understand and plan for the impacts of ongoing climate and land-use changes occurring across lake-rich landscapes in the Arctic. KW - Arctic KW - Climate Change KW - GIS KW - Lakes KW - Land-use change KW - Watershed Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-017-0915-9 SN - 0044-7447 SN - 1654-7209 VL - 46 SP - 769 EP - 786 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Islam, Khan M. S. A1 - Khalil, Mahmoud Abd Elhamid A1 - Maenner, Klaus A1 - Raila, Jens A1 - Rawel, Harshadrai Manilal A1 - Zentek, Jürgen A1 - Schweigert, Florian J. T1 - Lutein Specific Relationships among Some Spectrophotometric and Colorimetric Parameters of Chicken Egg Yolk JF - The journal of poultry science N2 - Lutein is an essential dietary carotenoid with health benefits and is inter alia responsible for the colouration of egg yolk. The relationship between lutein accumulation and egg yolk colouration was therefore studied in more detail. After feeding a low-luteine diet for 21 days, 14 birds (Lohmann brown hens aged 20 weeks) were fed a diet containing marigold (80 mg lutein/kg feed) and 14 other birds were fed a diet containing oleoresin (45 mg lutein/kg feed) for 21 days; for both groups of birds, this feeding period was followed by withdrawal for 21 days. The Roche Yolk Colour Fan (RYCF) score (0 to 15, where higher values denote greater colour intensity; R-2=0.87; P<0.01) and redness (R-2=0.89; P<0.01) increased with increasing lutein content of egg yolk. Total carotenoid content had a poor relationship with lightness (R-2=0.13; P>0.05) and yellowness (R-2=0.12; P>0.05) of the yolk. It may be concluded that increased lutein is potentially responsible for an increased RYCF score and redness (a*), but decreased yellowness (b*) and lightness (L*), of egg yolk. KW - carotenoid KW - HPLC KW - iCheck KW - lutein KW - spectrophotometry KW - yolk Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.0160065 SN - 1346-7395 VL - 54 SP - 271 EP - 277 PB - Japan Poultry Science Association CY - Tsukuba ER - TY - GEN A1 - Verissimo, João Marques T1 - Sensitive periods in both L1 and L2 BT - Some conceptual and methodological suggestions T2 - Bilingualism : language and cognition N2 - The keynote article (Mayberry & Kluender, 2017) makes an important contribution to questions concerning the existence and characteristics of sensitive periods in language acquisition. Specifically, by comparing groups of non-native L1 and L2 signers, the authors have been able to ingeniously disentangle the effects of maturation from those of early language exposure. Based on L1 versus L2 contrasts, the paper convincingly argues that L2 learning is a less clear test of sensitive periods. Nevertheless, we believe Mayberry and Kluender underestimate the evidence for maturational factors in L2 learning, especially that coming from recent research. KW - critical period for language KW - sensitive periods KW - language acquisition KW - age of acquisition KW - bilingualism Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728918000275 SN - 1366-7289 SN - 1469-1841 VL - 21 IS - 5 SP - 932 EP - 933 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kayser, Markus A1 - Maturilli, Marion A1 - Graham, Robert M. A1 - Hudson, Stephen R. A1 - Rinke, Annette A1 - Cohen, Lana A1 - Kim, Joo-Hong A1 - Park, Sang-Jong A1 - Moon, Woosok A1 - Granskog, Mats A. T1 - Vertical thermodynamic structure of the troposphere during the Norwegian young sea ICE expedition (N-ICE2015) JF - Journal of geophysical research-atmosheres N2 - The Norwegian young sea ICE (N-ICE2015) expedition was designed to investigate the atmosphere-snow-ice-ocean interactions in the young and thin sea ice regime north of Svalbard. Radiosondes were launched twice daily during the expedition from January to June 2015. Here we use these upper air measurements to study the multiple cyclonic events observed during N-ICE2015 with respect to changes in the vertical thermodynamic structure, moisture content, and boundary layer characteristics. We provide statistics of temperature inversion characteristics, static stability, and boundary layer extent. During winter, when radiative cooling is most effective, we find the strongest impact of synoptic cyclones. Changes to thermodynamic characteristics of the boundary layer are associated with transitions between the radiatively "clear" and "opaque" atmospheric states. In spring, radiative fluxes warm the surface leading to lifted temperature inversions and a statically unstable boundary layer. Further, we compare the N-ICE2015 static stability distributions to corresponding profiles from ERA-Interim reanalysis, from the closest land station in the Arctic North Atlantic sector, Ny-Alesund, and to soundings from the SHEBA expedition (1997/1998). We find similar stability characteristics for N-ICE2015 and SHEBA throughout the troposphere, despite differences in location, sea ice thickness, and snow cover. For Ny-Alesund, we observe similar characteristics above 1000 m, while the topography and ice-free fjord surrounding Ny-Alesund generate great differences below. The long-term radiosonde record (1993-2014) from Ny-Alesund indicates that during the N-ICE2015 spring period, temperatures were close to the climatological mean, while the lowest 3000 m were 1-3 degrees C warmer than the climatology during winter. Plain Language Summary The Norwegian young sea ICE (N-ICE2015) expedition was designed to investigate the atmosphere-snow-ice-ocean interactions in the young and thin sea ice regime north of Svalbard. Radiosondes were launched twice daily during the expedition from January to June 2015. Here we use these upper air measurements to study the multiple cyclonic events observed during N-ICE2015 with respect to changes in the vertical thermodynamic structure, moisture content, and the atmospheric boundary layer characteristics. During winter, we find the strongest impact of synoptic cyclones, which transport warm and moist air into the cold and dry Arctic atmosphere. In spring, incoming solar radiation warms the surface. This leads to very different thermodynamic conditions and higher moisture content, which reduces the contrast between stormy and calm periods. Further, we compare the N-ICE2015 measurements to corresponding profiles from ERA-Interim reanalysis, from the closest land station in the Arctic North Atlantic sector, Ny-Alesund, and to soundings from the SHEBA expedition (1997/1998). We find similar stability characteristics for N-ICE2015 and SHEBA throughout the troposphere, despite differences in location, sea ice thickness, and snow cover. The comparisons highlight the value of the N-ICE2015 observation and show the importance of winter time observations in the Arctic North Atlantic sector. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD026089 SN - 2169-897X SN - 2169-8996 VL - 122 IS - 20 SP - 10855 EP - 10872 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nuesiri, Emmanuel O. T1 - Feigning Democracy BT - Performing Representation in the UN-REDD Funded Nigeria-REDD Programme JF - Conservation & society N2 - Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation plus the sustainable management of forest and enhancement of carbon stocks (REDD+) is a global climate change mitigation initiative. The United Nations REDD Programme (UN-REDD) is training governments in developing countries, including Nigeria, to implement REDD+. To protect local people, UN-REDD has developed social safeguards including a commitment to strengthen local democracy to prevent an elite capture of REDD+ benefits. This study examines local participation and representation in the UN-REDD international policy board and in the national-level design process for the Nigeria-REDD proposal, to see if practices are congruent with the UN-REDD commitment to local democracy. It is based on research in Nigeria in 2012 and 2013, and finds that local representation in the UN-REDD policy board and in Nigeria-REDD is not substantive. Participation is merely symbolic. For example, elected local government authorities, who ostensibly represent rural people, are neither present in the UN-REDD board nor were they invited to the participatory forums that vetted the Nigeria-REDD. They were excluded because they were politically weak. However, UN-REDD approved the Nigeria-REDD proposal without a strategy to include or strengthen elected local governments. The study concludes with recommendations to help the UN-REDD strengthen elected local government authority in Nigeria in support of democratic local representation. KW - REDD KW - climate change mitigation KW - UN-REDD KW - democracy KW - Nigeria KW - symbolic representation KW - local government Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4103/cs.cs_16_106 SN - 0972-4923 SN - 0975-3133 VL - 15 IS - 4 SP - 384 EP - 399 PB - Medknow publications & media Pvt LTD CY - Mumbai ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kleuser, Burkhard T1 - Medikamentennebenwirkungen auf Haut und Schleimhaut – allergische oder pharmakologisch erklärbare Reaktionen T2 - Allergologie T2 - Side Effects on Skin and Mucous Membrane - allergic or pharmacologically explainable Reactions Y1 - 2017 SN - 0344-5062 VL - 40 IS - 10 SP - 420 EP - 421 PB - Dustri-Verlag CY - Deisenhofen-München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seckler, Christoph A1 - Gronewold, Ulfert A1 - Reihlen, Markus T1 - An error management perspective on audit quality BT - Toward a multi-level model JF - Accounting, Organizations and Society N2 - We take an error management perspective on audit quality. Drawing on 18 months of participant observations and 38 interviews conducted in a Big 4 accounting firm, we develop a multi-level model of error management. With this model, we propose how organizational structures, team procedures and practices, and individual cognitions and emotions interact to manage errors. The multi-level model of error management allows us to conceptually integrate previous behavioral and social research on audit quality, contributes to the rising accounting firm error management literature, and explains how and why two general approaches from the broader error management literature to errors that are usually considered as opposing each other, i.e., error prevention and error resilience, may interact and actually entail each other in accounting firms. KW - Audit quality KW - Error management KW - Multi-level model Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2017.08.004 SN - 0361-3682 SN - 1873-6289 VL - 62 SP - 21 EP - 42 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kollosche, David T1 - Entdeckendes Lernen BT - eine Problematisierung JF - Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik N2 - Trotz der nachweislichen Popularität des Entdeckenden Lernens in der deutschsprachigen Mathematikdidaktik finden sich aktuell keine kritischen Beiträge, die dazu beitragen könnten, dieses grundlegende Unterrichtskonzept zu hinterfragen und auszuschärfen. In diesem Diskussionsbeitrag werden zunächst die Theorie und einige Umsetzungsbeispiele des Entdeckenden Lernens herausgearbeitet, um aufzuzeigen, dass das Entdeckende Lernen einem vagen Sammelbegriff gleicht, unter dem oft fragwürdige Unterrichtsumgebungen legitimiert werden. Anschließend werden an Hand erkenntnistheoretischer, lerntheoretischer, didaktischer und soziokultureller Betrachtungen Probleme des Entdeckenden Lernens im Mathematikunterricht und Möglichkeiten ihrer Überwindung thematisiert. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Konzeption des Entdeckenden Lernens hinter dem aktuellen mathematikdidaktischen Erkenntnisstand zurückfällt und Lehrer sowie Schüler mit unmöglichen Forderungen konfrontiert, dass lerntheoretische Vorteile des Entdeckenden Lernens oft nicht nachweisbar sind, dass die Idee des Entdeckens auf einem problematischen platonistischen Verständnis von Erkenntnis beruht und dass Entdeckendes Lernen bildungsferne Schüler zu benachteiligen droht. Abschließend werden Forschungsdesiderata abgeleitet, deren Bearbeitung dazu beitragen könnte, die aufgezeigten Problemfelder zu überwinden. N2 - Despite the attested popularity of discovery learning in germanophone research on mathematics education, we contemporarily lack critical contributions which may contribute to questioning and sharpening this fundamental teaching concept. Here, in this discussion paper the theory and some implementations of discovery learning are being discussed in order to show that discovery learning constitutes a vague umbrella term, with which often questionable learning environments are being legitimised. Afterwards, it is outlined which objections from the perspectives of epistemology, learning theory, didactics and social theory may be brought forward against discovery learning in mathematics education, and how these objections may be overcome. Thereby it becomes obvious that the conception of discovery learning falls behind the current level of knowledge in mathematics education research and confronts teachers as well as students with impossible demands; that learning benefits of discovery learning often cannot be substantiated; that the idea of discovery rests on a problematic platonic understanding of insight; and that discovery learning threatens to disadvantage educationally alienated students. As a last point, research desiderata, whose study may contribute to the negotiation of the described obstacles, are deduced. T2 - Discovery learning: A problematization KW - Discovery learning KW - Inquiry-based learning KW - Epistemology KW - Learning theory KW - Sociolinguistics KW - Entdeckendes Lernen KW - Epistemologie KW - Lerntheorie KW - Soziolinguistik Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-017-0116-x SN - 0173-5322 SN - 1869-2699 VL - 38 SP - 209 EP - 237 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herzog, Moritz A1 - Ehlert, Antje A1 - Fritz, Annemarie T1 - Kombinatorikaufgaben in der dritten Grundschulklasse BT - Darstellung, Abstraktionsgrad und Strategieeinsatz als Einflussfaktoren auf die Lösungsgüte JF - Journal für Mathematik-Didaktik N2 - Seit einigen Jahren werden kombinatorische Aufgaben als eigenständiges Thema im Mathematikunterricht der Grundschule behandelt, das diverse Lerngelegenheiten bereithält. Dies wirft Fragen zur Bearbeitungsweise sowie zu den Repräsentationen der Schülerinnen und Schüler auf. In einer empirischen Studie (N = 548) wurden anhand von sechs Kombinatorikaufgaben Leistungen und Bearbeitungsweisen von Lernenden in der dritten Klasse erhoben. Besonderes Augenmerk wurde auf die verwendeten Darstellungen und den Abstraktionsgrad sowie den Einsatz von Makrostrategien gerichtet. Diese drei Faktoren wurden hinsichtlich ihres Einflusses auf die Lösungsgüte untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass nicht alle Schülerinnen und Schüler ohne Anleitung geeignete Lösungsansätze zu kombinatorischen Problemen fanden. Die Darstellungsweise hatte einen vergleichsweise geringen Einfluss auf die Lösungsquote. Im Gegensatz dazu konnten unterschiedlich starke positive Zusammenhänge zwischen Abstraktionsgrad bzw. Strategieeinsatz und Lösungserfolg nachgewiesen werden. Aus den Ergebnissen der Studie lassen sich Schlüsse über die Vermittlung und didaktische Aufbereitung des Themenfeldes Kombinatorik in der Grundschulmathematik ziehen. N2 - For several years now, combinatorics has been taught as an independent mathematics topic in primary school that provides various learning opportunities. This raises questions about how learners actually solve and represent combinatorial problems. On the basis of six different combinatorics tasks, the performance and approach of pupils were assessed in an empirical study (N = 548). Particular attention was paid to the representation of the approach the children used, the degree of abstraction as well as the application of overarching (macro) strategies. The influence of each of these three factors on the quality of the solution was investigated. The results show that not all students were able to find suitable solutions for combinatorial problems without guidance. The representations the learners used had relatively little influence on the task performance. In contrast, influences on performance of levels of abstraction and use of strategies were found to varying degree. From the results of the study, conclusions can be drawn about the teaching methods used with regards to the treatment of combinatorics in primary school mathematics. T2 - Combinatorial Problems in Grade 3 Influences of Representation, Level of Abstraction and use of Strategies on Solving Success KW - Primary school KW - Combinatorics KW - Representation KW - Strategies KW - Grundschule KW - Kombinatorik KW - Darstellen KW - Makrostrategien Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13138-017-0118-8 SN - 0173-5322 SN - 1869-2699 VL - 38 SP - 263 EP - 289 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Garcia, Francisca T1 - Imaginería fotosensible: guadalupe santa cruz y la escritura con grabado T1 - Photosensitive imagery: guadalufe santa cruz and writing with engraving JF - Pasavento : revista de estudios hispánicos N2 - A partir de la metáfora “imaginería fotosensible”, el ensayo explora cómo el fotograbado afecta la escritura de la autora chilena guadalupe santa Cruz. el grabado no solo implica aquí una técnica artística, sino también una imaginación crítica sobre el movimiento, las huellas y la memoria colectiva. la revisión del programa literario de la autora (ars poetica), permite afirmar que el grabado brinda la principal estrategia para activar la prosa y arraigar la palabra en el contexto de alienación social generalizada en la post-dictadura chilena (década del 90). Si bien planteo que la influencia de esta imaginación del gra-bado está presente en todo el proyecto literario de la autora, me centro en la revisión de dos novelas: Quebrada: las cordilleras en andas (2007) y la reciente-mente publicada y póstuma Esta parcela (2015), las cuales incorporan una serie de imágenes impresas. N2 - Starting from the suggested metaphor “photosensitive imagery“, this essay explores how the photoengraving affects the creative writing by Chilean authoress guadalupe santa Cruz. Here we understand the photoengraving in its transit from a technique to a critical imagination about movement, traces Pasavento. Revista de Estudios Hispánicos, vol. V, n.º 1 (invierno 2017), pp. 53-62, ISSN: 2255-450554Francisca Garcíaand collective memory. through a revision of santa Cruz’s literary program (ars poetica), it is possible to affirm that the photoengraving activates and roots the literacy, in the context of a generalized social alienation in the Chilean post-dictatorial times (90’s). although I argue the photoengraving’s imagination be present in her whole literary project, I focus in two specific novels which add iconographic series: Quebrada: las cordilleras en andas (2007) and the recently and posthumous, Esta parcela (2015 KW - Guadalupe Santa Cruz KW - Photoengraving KW - Writing KW - Transference KW - Movement KW - Body Y1 - 2017 SN - 2255-4505 VL - 5 SP - 53 EP - 62 PB - Universidad de Alcalá, Servicio Publicaciones CY - Madrid ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sallen, Jeffrey A1 - Hemming, Karen A1 - Richartz, Alfred T1 - Facilitating dual careers by improving resistance to chronic stress BT - effects of an intervention programme for elite student athletes JF - European journal of sport science : official journal of the European College of Sport Science N2 - The starting point of this contribution is the potential risk to health and performance from the combination of elite sporting careers with the pursuit of education. In European sport science and politics, structural measures to promote dual careers in elite sports have been discussed increasingly of late. In addition to organisational measures, there are calls for educational-psychological intervention programmes supporting the successful management of dual careers at the individual level. This paper presents an appropriate intervention programme and its evaluation: stress-resistance training for elite athletes (SRT-EA). It comprises 10 units, each lasting 90 minutes. It is intended for athletes and aims to improve their resistance to chronic stress. The evaluation was carried out in a quasi-experimental design, with three points of measurement (baseline, immediately after, and three months after) and two non-randomised groups: an intervention group (n=128) and an untreated control group (n=117). Participants were between 13 and 20 years of age (53.5% male) and represented various Olympic sports. Outcome variables were assessed with questionnaires. Significant short- and mid-term intervention effects were explored. The intervention increased stress-related knowledge, general self-efficacy, and stress sensitivity. Chronic stress level, stress symptoms, and stress reactivity were reduced. In line with the intention of the intervention, the results showed short- and mid-term, small to medium-sized effects. Accordingly, separate measurements at the end of the intervention and three months later showed mostly positive subjective experiences. Thus, the results reinforce the hope that educational-psychological stress-management interventions can support dual careers. KW - Chronic stress KW - stress-resistance KW - elite athletes KW - intervention KW - evaluation Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2017.1407363 SN - 1746-1391 SN - 1536-7290 VL - 18 IS - 1 SP - 112 EP - 122 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meyer, Sören A1 - Lopez-Serrano, Aniceto A1 - Mitze, Hanna A1 - Jakubowski, Norbert A1 - Schwerdtle, Tanja T1 - Single-cell analysis by ICP-MS/MS as a fast tool for cellular bioavailability studies of arsenite JF - Metallomics : integrated biometal science N2 - Single-cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SC-ICP-MS) has become a powerful and fast tool to evaluate the elemental composition at a single-cell level. In this study, the cellular bioavailability of arsenite (incubation of 25 and 50 mu M for 0-48 h) has been successfully assessed by SC-ICP-MS/MS for the first time directly after re-suspending the cells in water. This procedure avoids the normally arising cell membrane permeabilization caused by cell fixation methods (e.g. methanol fixation). The reliability and feasibility of this SC-ICP-MS/MS approach with a limit of detection of 0.35 fg per cell was validated by conventional bulk ICP-MS/MS analysis after cell digestion and parallel measurement of sulfur and phosphorus. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c7mt00285h SN - 1756-5901 SN - 1756-591X VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 73 EP - 76 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lu, Honghua A1 - Cheng, Lu A1 - Wang, Zhen A1 - Zhang, Tianqi A1 - Lu, Yanwu A1 - Zhao, Junxiang A1 - Li, Youli A1 - Zheng, Xiangmin T1 - Latest Quaternary rapid river incision across an inactive fold in the northern Chinese Tian Shan foreland JF - Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal N2 - This work focuses on the incision process over the Tuostai anticline, a fold of the proximal structure Belt I in the northern Chinese Tian Shan foreland, where the Sikeshu River has incised deeply into the alluvial gravels and the fold's underlying bedrock strata. Field investigation and geomorphic mapping define five terraces of the Sikeshu River (designated as T1 to T5 from oldest to youngest) preserved within the Tuostai anticline. 10Be surface exposure dating and optically stimulated luminescence dating constrain stabilization of the highest three terrace surfaces at about 80 ka (T1), 16 ka (T2), and 15 ka (T3), respectively. Around 16 ka, the calculated river incision rates significantly increase from <2 mm/yr to >6 mm/yr. Undeformed longitudinal profiles of terraces T2, T3 and T4 over the Tuostai anticline suggest that this structure may have been tectonically inactive since stabilization of these three terraces. We thus think that the observed rapid river incision over the Tuostai anticline has not been largely forced by tectonic uplift. Instead, the progressively warmer and wetter palaeoclimatic condition within the Tian Shan range and its surrounding area during the period of ∼20–10 ka may have enhanced river incision across the Tuostai anticline. A reduced sediment/water ratio might have lowered the gradient of the Sikeshu River. KW - River incision KW - Fluvial terrace KW - Palaeoclimate KW - Late Quaternary KW - Tian Shan Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.10.017 SN - 0277-3791 VL - 179 SP - 167 EP - 181 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Muschalla, Beate A1 - Jöbges, Michael T1 - Prevalence and Characteristics of Work Anxiety in Medical Rehabilitation Patients BT - a cross-sectional observation study JF - Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation N2 - Objective: To investigate frequency, type, and characteristics of work anxieties in patients with somatic illness. Design: Cross-sectional observation study. Setting: Neurology, orthopedic, and cardiology rehabilitation clinics. Participants: Patients (N=4610; age, 18-65y) with work anxieties. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Patients who scored high on at least 2 of 9 items in the work-anxiety screening questionnaire and who reported impairment were investigated with a differential diagnostic interview on work anxieties and with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview on non work-related common mental disorders. Patients also filled out a self-rating questionnaire on their subjective symptom load and sociodemographic data. Results: Approximately 20% to 27% of the investigated inpatients in somatic rehabilitation (altogether n=393) received a work-anxiety diagnosis. Patients with orthopedic illness report highest work anxiety and have previous longest sick leave (20.6wk in the past 12mo). Patients with orthopedic illness suffer from work-related adjustment disorder with anxiety, social anxieties, and workplace phobias, whereas patients with cardiac illness are more often affected by hypochondriac anxieties. Anxieties of insufficiency and worrying occur equally in all indications. Conclusions: About a quarter of patients in somatic rehabilitation are in need of additional diagnostic attention owing to work anxieties. Differential diagnostic of work anxiety is needed for initiating adequate therapeutic action. Somatic rehabilitation physicians should be aware of work anxieties in their patients, especially in patients with orthopedic illness with previous long-term sick leave. (c) 2017 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine KW - Anxiety KW - Mental health KW - Rehabilitation KW - Sick leave KW - Workplace Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2017.06.017 SN - 0003-9993 SN - 1532-821X VL - 99 IS - 1 SP - 57 EP - 64 PB - Elsevier CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nakamura, Moritaka A1 - Claes, Andrea R. A1 - Grebe, Tobias A1 - Hermkes, Rebecca A1 - Viotti, Corrado A1 - Ikeda, Yoshihisa A1 - Grebe, Markus T1 - Auxin and ROP GTPase Signaling of Polar Nuclear Migration in Root Epidermal Hair Cells JF - Plant physiology : an international journal devoted to physiology, biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, biophysics and environmental biology of plants N2 - Polar nuclear migration is crucial during the development of diverse eukaryotes. In plants, root hair growth requires polar nuclear migration into the outgrowing hair. However, knowledge about the dynamics and the regulatory mechanisms underlying nuclear movements in root epidermal cells remains limited. Here, we show that both auxin and Rho-of-Plant (ROP) signaling modulate polar nuclear position at the inner epidermal plasma membrane domain oriented to the cortical cells during cell elongation as well as subsequent polar nuclear movement to the outer domain into the emerging hair bulge in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Auxin signaling via the nuclear AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR7 (ARF7)/ARF19 and INDOLE ACETIC ACID7 pathway ensures correct nuclear placement toward the inner membrane domain. Moreover, precise inner nuclear placement relies on SPIKE1 Rho-GEF, SUPERCENTIPEDE1 Rho-GDI, and ACTIN7 (ACT7) function and to a lesser extent on VTI11 vacuolar SNARE activity. Strikingly, the directionality and/or velocity of outer polar nuclear migration into the hair outgrowth along actin strands also are ACT7 dependent, auxin sensitive, and regulated by ROP signaling. Thus, our findings provide a founding framework revealing auxin and ROP signaling of inner polar nuclear position with some contribution by vacuolar morphology and of actin-dependent outer polar nuclear migration in root epidermal hair cells. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.17.00713 SN - 0032-0889 SN - 1532-2548 VL - 176 IS - 1 SP - 378 EP - 391 PB - American Society of Plant Physiologists CY - Rockville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinze, Johannes A1 - Joshi, Jasmin Radha T1 - Plant-soil feedback effects can be masked by aboveground herbivory under natural field conditions JF - Oecologia N2 - For plants, herbivory and interactions with their surrounding soil ecosystem are crucial factors influencing individual performance and plant-community composition. Until now, research has mostly focused on individual effects of herbivory or plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) on plant growth and community composition, but few studies have explicitly investigated herbivory in the context of PSFs. These few studies, however, were performed under greenhouse conditions even though PSFs and herbivory may differ between greenhouse and field conditions. Therefore, we performed a field experiment in a grassland, testing the growth responses of three grass species that consistently differ in local abundance, on soils previously conditioned by these species. We tested these PSF effects for the three species both in the presence and in the absence of aboveground herbivores. Without herbivores, the two subdominant species suffered from negative PSF effects. However, in the presence of herbivores and on heterospecific soils, the same two species experienced a significant loss of shoot biomass, whereas, in contrast, enhanced root growth was observed on conspecific soils, resulting in overall neutral PSF effects. The dominant species was not damaged by herbivores and showed overall neutral PSF effects in the field with and without herbivores. Our study provides empirical evidence that negative PSF effects that exist under natural field conditions in grasslands can be overwhelmed by aboveground herbivory. Hence, potential PSF effects might not be detected in the field, because other abiotic and biotic interactions such as aboveground herbivory have stronger effects on plant performance and might therefore mask or override these PSF effects. KW - Herbivores KW - Field experiment KW - Plant-community composition KW - Plant diversity KW - Plant-soil feedback Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-017-3997-y SN - 0029-8549 SN - 1432-1939 VL - 186 IS - 1 SP - 235 EP - 246 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kiefer, Thomas A1 - Krahl, Dorothea A1 - Osthoff, Kathrin A1 - Thuss-Patience, Peter A1 - Bunse, Jörg A1 - Adam, Ulrich A1 - Jansen, Marc H. A1 - Ott, Rudolf A1 - Pfitzmann, Robert A1 - Pross, Matthias A1 - Kohlmann, Thomas A1 - Daeschlein, Georg A1 - Buhlert, Hermann A1 - Völler, Heinz A1 - Hirt, Carsten T1 - Importance of Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy after Surgery of Cancer of the Esophagus or the Esophagogastric Junction JF - Nutrition and cancer : an international journal N2 - After surgical treatment of cancer of the esophagus or the esophagogastric junction we observed steatorrhea, which is so far seldom reported. We analyzed all patients treated in our rehabilitation clinic between 2011 and 2014 and focused on the impact of surgery on digestion of fat. Reported steatorrhea was anamnestic, no pancreatic function test was made. Here we show the results from 51 patients. Twenty-three (45%) of the patients reported steatorrhea. Assuming decreased pancreatic function pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) was started or modified during the rehabilitation stay (in the following called STEA(+)). These patients were compared with the patients without steatorrhea and without PERT (STEA(-)). Maximum weight loss between surgery and rehabilitation start was 18 kg in STEA(+) patient and 15.3 kg in STEA(-) patients. STEA(+) patients gained more weight under PERT during the rehabilitation phase (3 wk) than STEA(-) patients without PERT (+1.0 kg vs. -0.3 kg, P = 0.032). We report for the first time, that patients after cancer related esophageal surgery show anamnestic signs of exocrine pancreas insufficiency and need PERT to gain body weight. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2017.1374419 SN - 0163-5581 SN - 1532-7914 VL - 70 IS - 1 SP - 69 EP - 72 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rollnik, Jens D. A1 - Adolphsen, Jens A1 - Bauer, J. A1 - Bertram, Maja A1 - Brocke, Jan A1 - Dohmen, Christian A1 - Donauer, E. A1 - Hartwich, Mathias A1 - Heidler, Maria Dorothea A1 - Huge, Volker A1 - Klarmann, Silke A1 - Lorenzl, Stefan A1 - Lück, Michelle A1 - Mertl-Rötzer, Marion A1 - Mokrusch, Thomas A1 - Nowak, D. A. A1 - Platz, Tanja A1 - Riechmann, Lutz A1 - Schlachetzki, Felix A1 - von Helden, Alvin A1 - Wallesch, C. W. A1 - Zergiebel, D. A1 - Pohl, M. T1 - Prolongiertes Weaning in der neurologisch-neurochirurgischen Frührehabilitation JF - Der Nervenarzt: Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Nervenheilkunde ; Mitteilungsblatt der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurologie N2 - Prolonged weaning of patients with neurological or neurosurgery disorders is associated with specific characteristics, which are taken into account by the German Society for Neurorehabilitation (DGNR) in its own guideline. The current S2k guideline of the German Society for Pneumology and Respiratory Medicine is referred to explicitly with regard to definitions (e.g., weaning and weaning failure), weaning categories, pathophysiology of weaning failure, and general weaning strategies. In early neurological and neurosurgery rehabilitation, patients with central of respiratory regulation disturbances (e.g., cerebral stem lesions), swallowing disturbances (neurogenic dysphagia), neuromuscular problems (e.g., critical illness polyneuropathy, Guillain-Barre syndrome, paraplegia, Myasthenia gravis) and/or cognitive disturbances (e.g., disturbed consciousness and vigilance disorders, severe communication disorders), whose care during the weaning of ventilation requires, in addition to intensive medical competence, neurological or neurosurgical and neurorehabilitation expertise. In Germany, this competence is present in centers of early neurological and neurosurgery rehabilitation, as a hospital treatment. The guideline is based on a systematic search of guideline databases and MEDLINE. Consensus was established by means of a nominal group process and Delphi procedure moderated by the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF). In the present guideline of the DGNR, the special structural and substantive characteristics of early neurological and neurosurgery rehabilitation and existing studies on weaning in early rehabilitation facilities are examined. Addressees of the guideline are neurologists, neurosurgeons, anesthesiologists, palliative physicians, speech therapists, intensive care staff, ergotherapists, physiotherapists, and neuropsychologists. In addition, this guideline is intended to provide information to specialists for physical medicine and rehabilitation (PMR), pneumologists, internists, respiratory therapists, the German Medical Service of Health Insurance Funds (MDK) and the German Association of Health Insurance Funds (MDS). The main goal of this guideline is to convey the current knowledge on the subject of "Prolonged weaning in early neurological and neurosurgery rehabilitation". N2 - Das prolongierte Weaning von Patienten mit neurologischen oder neurochirurgischen Erkrankungen weist Besonderheiten auf, denen die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurorehabilitation e. V. in einer eigenen Leitlinie Rechnung trägt. Im Hinblick auf Definitionen (z. B. Weaningerfolg und -versagen), Weaningkategorien, Pathophysiologie des Weaningversagens und allgemeine Weaningstrategien wird ausdrücklich auf die aktuelle S2k-Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin e. V. verwiesen. In der neurologisch-neurochirurgischen Frührehabilitation werden Patienten mit zentralen Störungen der Atmungsregulation (z. B. Hirnstammläsionen), des Schluckaktes (neurogene Dysphagien), mit neuromuskulären Problemen (z. B. Critical-illness-Polyneuropathie, Guillain-Barre-Syndrom, Querschnittlähmungen, Myasthenia gravis) und/oder kognitiven Störungen (z. B. Bewusstseins- und Vigilanzstörungen, schwere Kommunikationsstörungen) versorgt, deren Betreuung bei der Entwöhnung von der Beatmung neben intensivmedizinischer Kompetenz auch neurologische bzw. neurochirurgische und neurorehabilitative Expertise erfordert. In Deutschland wird diese Kompetenz in Zentren der neurologisch-neurochirurgischen Frührehabilitation vorgehalten, und zwar als Krankenhausbehandlung. Der Leitlinie liegt eine systematische Recherche von Leitliniendatenbanken und Medline zugrunde. Unter Moderation durch die Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF) erfolgte die Konsensfindung mittels nominalen Gruppenprozesses und Delphi-Verfahren. In der vorliegenden Leitlinie der DGNR wird auf die strukturellen und inhaltlichen Besonderheiten der neurologisch-neurochirurgischen Frührehabilitation sowie vorhandene Studien zum Weaning in Frührehabilitationseinrichtungen eingegangen. Adressaten der Leitlinie sind Neurologen, Neurochirurgen, Anästhesisten, Palliativmediziner, Logopäden, Intensivpflegekräfte, Ergotherapeuten, Physiotherapeuten und Neuropsychologen. Ferner richtet sich diese Leitlinie zur Information an Fachärzte für Physikalische Medizin und Rehabilitation (PMR), Pneumologen, Internisten, Atmungstherapeuten, den Medizinischen Dienst der Krankenkassen (MDK) und des Spitzenverbands Bund der Krankenkassen e. V. (MDS). Das wesentliche Ziel dieser Leitlinie ist es, den aktuellen Wissensstand zum Thema „Prolongiertes Weaning in der neurologisch-neurochirurgischen Frührehabilitation“ zu vermitteln. T2 - Prolonged weaning during early neurological and neurosurgical rehabilitation KW - Tracheostomy KW - Neurocognitive disorders KW - Paraplegia KW - Psychological techniques KW - Care techniques KW - Tracheotomie KW - Hirnorganisches Syndrom KW - Querschnittlähmung KW - Psychologische Intervention KW - Pflegerische Techniken Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-017-0332-0 SN - 0028-2804 SN - 1433-0407 VL - 88 SP - 652 EP - 674 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pitzer, Martina A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Schmidt, Martin H. A1 - Hohm, Erika A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias A1 - Laucht, Manfred T1 - Child regulative temperament as a mediator of parenting in the development of depressive symptoms BT - a longitudinal study from early childhood to preadolescence JF - Journal of neural transmission N2 - Child temperament as well as parenting behaviors have been linked to adolescent depression. Beyond their main effects, the interplay between these factors is of interest. For example, in an interactive model, a differential susceptibility of temperamental variants to parenting has been suggested. However, so far, the differential susceptibility hypothesis has mostly been studied with a focus on externalizing disorders. On the other hand, parenting may shape the child’s temperament and vice versa in a transactional process. In a prospective, longitudinal at-risk sample (163 boys, 176 girls), we assessed emotional (easy–difficult) and regulative (self-control) temperament at ages 4.5, and 8 years, respectively, as well as parenting quality at age 4.5 years using the HOME inventory. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to investigate the prediction of depressive symptoms at age 11, measured by the Child Depression Inventory, including interaction terms between the temperament variable and parenting. We additionally tested whether parenting was mediated by child temperament. As previously reported, both self-control and parenting were longitudinally associated with preadolescent depressive symptoms. There were no interactive effects between temperament and parenting. However, the effects of parenting were partly mediated by self-control. Our data do not support a differential susceptibility of temperamental variants in the development of preadolescent depression. However, our results are in line with the assumption that parenting may shape young children’s temperament, with positive parenting in the early childhood fostering the development of regulative temperament. KW - Temperament KW - Parenting KW - Children KW - Depression KW - Parent-child-interaction Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-017-1682-2 SN - 0300-9564 SN - 1435-1463 VL - 124 SP - 631 EP - 641 PB - Springer CY - Wien ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gietler, Marta A1 - Nykiel, Malgorzata A1 - Orzechowski, Slawomir A1 - Fettke, Jörg A1 - Zagdanska, Barbara T1 - Protein carbonylation linked to wheat seedling tolerance to water deficiency JF - Environmental and experimental botany N2 - The appearance of the first leaf from the coleoptile in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) coincides with the development of seedling susceptibility to water deficiency on the fifth day following imbibition. In dehydrated wheat seedlings, an increase in the protein carbonyl group has been observed. The coincidence of higher protein carbonylation levels with development of dehydration intolerance drew our attention. To gain more insight into the molecular basis of wheat drought tolerance, the seedling profiles of carbonylated proteins were analysed and compared. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF and LC-MS/MS) were used to indicate and identify differential carbonylated proteins. Among the protein spots with at least a two-fold change in protein abundance in dehydrated seedlings in relation to control (well-watered) plants during the tolerant phase of growth, 19 carbonylated proteins increased and 18 carbonylated proteins decreased in abundance. Among 26 differentially expressed carbonylated proteins in sensitive seedlings, the abundance of 10 protein spots increased while that of 16 proteins decreased upon dehydration. We have demonstrated a link between protein carbonylation and seedling sensitivity to dehydration. The analysis of carbonylated protein profiles clearly showed that proteins with a potential role in the maintenance of dehydration tolerance in wheat seedlings are mainly linked to energy production, anti-fungal and/or insecticidal activity, or to the regulation of both protein synthesis and degradation. KW - Protein carbonylation KW - Dehydration tolerance KW - Triticum aestivum L. KW - Seedlings KW - Proteomic Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2017.02.004 SN - 0098-8472 SN - 1873-7307 VL - 137 SP - 84 EP - 95 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Köhler, Kai A1 - Eggert, Patrick A1 - Lorenz, Sebastian A1 - Herr, Kerstin A1 - Willmund, Gerd A1 - Zimmermann, Peter A1 - Alliger-Horn, Christina T1 - Effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in German Armed Forces Soldiers with post-traumatic stress disorder under routine inpatient care conditions JF - Military medicine : the official journal of AMSUS N2 - Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the more commonly occurring mental disorders following potentially traumatizing events soldiers may encounter when deployed abroad. One of the first-line recommended treatment options is eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). The number of studies assessing the effectiveness of EMDR in German soldiers under routine conditions is currently almost nil. Methods: A retrospective, quasi-experimental effectiveness study on EMDR in an inpatient setting is presented using a prepost design. The study compares symptom reduction in soldiers (N = 78) with a wait-list (N = 18). Effect sizes of EMDR were measured for PTSD, symptoms of depression, and general mental health. Results: Effect size for EMDR treatment of PTSD was d = 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51 to 1.36, for symptoms of depression d = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.31 to 1.36, and for general psychiatric symptoms d = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.17 to 1.21. The effects resulting from EMDR treatment were somewhat weaker than those reported in comparable studies in civilians. Conclusion: EMDR therapy is an effective treatment to reduce symptoms of PTSD and depression. However, in the military context it needs to be complemented by treatment options that specifically address further conditions perpetuating the disorders. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-16-00307 SN - 0026-4075 SN - 1930-613X VL - 182 SP - E1672 EP - E1680 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Boll-Avetisyan, Natalie A1 - Bhatara, Anjali A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Effects of musicality on the perception of rhythmic structure in speech JF - Laboratory phonology N2 - Language and music share many rhythmic properties, such as variations in intensity and duration leading to repeating patterns. Perception of rhythmic properties may rely on cognitive networks that are shared between the two domains. If so, then variability in speech rhythm perception may relate to individual differences in musicality. To examine this possibility, the present study focuses on rhythmic grouping, which is assumed to be guided by a domain-general principle, the Iambic/Trochaic law, stating that sounds alternating in intensity are grouped as strong-weak, and sounds alternating in duration are grouped as weak-strong. German listeners completed a grouping task: They heard streams of syllables alternating in intensity, duration, or neither, and had to indicate whether they perceived a strong-weak or weak-strong pattern. Moreover, their music perception abilities were measured, and they filled out a questionnaire reporting their productive musical experience. Results showed that better musical rhythm perception - ability was associated with more consistent rhythmic grouping of speech, while melody perception - ability and productive musical experience were not. This suggests shared cognitive procedures in the perception of rhythm in music and speech. Also, the results highlight the relevance of - considering individual differences in musicality when aiming to explain variability in prosody perception. KW - Musical ability KW - rhythm KW - grouping KW - Iambic/Trochaic law KW - speech KW - speech perception KW - musicality KW - prosody KW - domain-general KW - German Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5334/labphon.91 SN - 1868-6346 SN - 1868-6354 VL - 8 IS - 1 PB - Ubiquity Press CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bühning, Martin A1 - Valleriani, Angelo A1 - Leimkühler, Silke T1 - The role of SufS is restricted to Fe-S cluster biosynthesis in escherichia coli JF - Biochemistry N2 - In Escherichia coli, two different systems that are important for the coordinate formation of Fe–S clusters have been identified, namely, the ISC and SUF systems. The ISC system is the housekeeping Fe–S machinery, which provides Fe–S clusters for numerous cellular proteins. The IscS protein of this system was additionally revealed to be the primary sulfur donor for several sulfur-containing molecules with important biological functions, among which are the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) and thiolated nucleosides in tRNA. Here, we show that deletion of central components of the ISC system in addition to IscS leads to an overall decrease in Fe–S cluster enzyme and molybdoenzyme activity in addition to a decrease in the number of Fe–S-dependent thiomodifications of tRNA, based on the fact that some proteins involved in Moco biosynthesis and tRNA thiolation are Fe–S-dependent. Complementation of the ISC deficient strains with the suf operon restored the activity of Fe–S-containing proteins, including the MoaA protein, which is involved in the conversion of 5′GTP to cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate in the fist step of Moco biosynthesis. While both systems share a high degree of similarity, we show that the function of their respective l-cysteine desulfurase IscS or SufS is specific for each cellular pathway. It is revealed that SufS cannot play the role of IscS in sulfur transfer for the formation of 2-thiouridine, 4-thiouridine, or the dithiolene group of molybdopterin, being unable to interact with TusA or ThiI. The results demonstrate that the role of the SUF system is exclusively restricted to Fe–S cluster assembly in the cell. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00040 SN - 0006-2960 VL - 56 SP - 1987 EP - 2000 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mardoukhi, Ahmad A1 - Mardoukhi, Yousof A1 - Hokka, Mikko A1 - Kuokkala, Veli-Tapani T1 - Effects of heat shock on the dynamic tensile behavior of granitic rocks JF - Rock mechanics and rock engineering N2 - This paper presents a new experimental method for the characterization of the surface damage caused by a heat shock on a Brazilian disk test sample. Prior to mechanical testing with a Hopkinson Split Pressure bar device, the samples were subjected to heat shock by placing a flame torch at a fixed distance from the sample’s surface for periods of 10, 30, and 60 s. The sample surfaces were studied before and after the heat shock using optical microscopy and profilometry, and the images were analyzed to quantify the damage caused by the heat shock. The complexity of the surface crack patterns was quantified using fractal dimension of the crack patterns, which were used to explain the results of the mechanical testing. Even though the heat shock also causes damage below the surface which cannot be quantified from the optical images, the presented surface crack pattern analysis can give a reasonable estimate on the drop rate of the tension strength of the rock. KW - SHPB KW - Rock KW - Granite KW - DIC KW - Dynamic loading KW - Fractal dimension Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-017-1168-4 SN - 0723-2632 SN - 1434-453X VL - 50 SP - 1171 EP - 1182 PB - Springer CY - Wien ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fruscalzo, Arrigo A1 - Frommer, Julia-Marie A1 - Londero, Ambrogio P. A1 - Henze, Andrea A1 - Schweigert, Florian J. A1 - Nofer, Jerzy-Roch A1 - Steinhard, Johannes A1 - Klockenbusch, Walter A1 - Schmitz, Ralf A1 - Raila, Jens T1 - First trimester TTR-RBP4-ROH complex and angiogenic factors in the prediction of small for gestational age infant’s outcome JF - Archives of gynecology and obstetrics N2 - To study the role of the TTR-RBP4-ROH complex components (transthyretin, serum retinol binding protein, retinol) and of angiogenic factors PlGF (placental growth factor) and sFlt-1 (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1) in pregnancies complicated by small for gestational age infants (SGA). Case control study conducted on maternal serum collected between 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks of gestation. TTR, RBP4, ROH, PlGF and sFlt-1 were measured in SGA patients (birth weight < 10%) who delivered at term (n = 37) and before 37 weeks of gestation (n = 17) and in a matched control group with uneventful pregnancies (n = 37). We found decreased RBP4 in SGA patients that delivered fetuses < 3% and in fetuses delivered after the 37 weeks of gestation compared to controls [1.50 (95% CI 1.40-1.75) vs 1.62 (95% CI 1.47-1.98), p < 0.05]. Further, we found lower PlGF and sFlt-1 concentrations in SGA that delivered before 37 weeks of gestation compared to controls (respectively, PIGF and sFlt-1: 39.7 pg/ml (95% CI 32.3-66.3) vs 62.9 pg/ml (95% CI 45.2-78.4) and 906 pg/ml (95% CI 727-1626) vs 1610 pg/ml (95% CI 1088-212), p < 0.05). First trimester maternal serum RBP4 and angiogenic factors PlGF and sFlt-1 can differently predict the timing of delivery of pregnancies complicated by SGA fetuses. KW - Low birth weight KW - Small for gestational age KW - Pregnancy KW - First trimester KW - Marker KW - RBP4 KW - TTR KW - Retinol KW - Vitamin A KW - sFlt-1 KW - PlGF Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-017-4338-4 SN - 0932-0067 SN - 1432-0711 VL - 295 SP - 1157 EP - 1165 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schünemann, Nina A1 - Spörer, Nadine A1 - Voellinger, Vanessa A. A1 - Brunstein, Joachim Clemens T1 - Peer feedback mediates the impact of self-regulation procedures on strategy use and reading comprehension in reciprocal teaching groups JF - Instructional Science N2 - The goal of this research was to highlight the role social regulatory processes play in making students’ teamwork in reciprocal teaching (RT) groups (a classroom activity in which students take the teacher’s role in small group reading sessions) effective. In addition to teamwork quality, we expected peer feedback to be a key factor in enhancing students’ reading comprehension achievements. Because previous research (Schünemann et al. in Contemp Educ Psychol 38:289–305, 2013) has shown that procedures of self-regulated learning (SRL) augment the effects of RT methods, we further assumed that such procedures would promote the quality of students’ collaborative efforts. In a cluster-randomized trial, students in 12 fifth-grade classes practiced a strategic approach to reading either in a RT condition or in a RT + SRL condition. In one of the 14 sessions, students’ interactive behavior was videotaped. Strategy use and reading comprehension were assessed at pretest, posttest, and maintenance. Performance differences between conditions were reliable only at maintenance. A multilevel mediation analysis showed that relative to RT students, RT + SRL students were better able to provide their teammates with informative feedback and organize their group work in a task-focused manner. Only feedback quality mediated the sustainability of treatment effects on strategy use and reading comprehension. In essence, this research suggests that effective reading comprehension trainings should integrate explicit instruction and practice in reading strategies, SRL, and focus on supportive peer processes in small groups with extensive instruction and practice in peer feedback. KW - Reading comprehension KW - Self-regulated learning KW - Co-regulation KW - Reading strategies KW - Feedback Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-017-9409-1 SN - 0020-4277 SN - 1573-1952 VL - 45 SP - 395 EP - 415 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wenzel, Bertolt T1 - Organizing coordination for an ecosystem approach to marine research and management advice BT - the case of ICES JF - Marine policy N2 - This study examines the reorganization of formal coordination structures of a unique international public organization involved in marine governance in Europe, namely the structural reorganizations of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) between 1999 and 2009. The findings indicate that the reorganizations of ICES’ formal coordination structures were not driven primarily for reasons of efficiency, by clear and consistent goals, and by clear means-ends considerations for organizational design as proposed by rational perspectives in organization theory. Instead, the formal coordination structures have also been adapted to live up to changing expectations in the institutional environment, to modern management concepts in marine governance such as the Ecosystem Approach to Management (EAM), and to ensure the legitimacy of the organization. However, it is also found that institutional explanations alone are insufficient to comprehensively understand why the formal organizational structures of ICES were reorganized. Instrumental and cultural perspectives in organization theory as well as resource-dependence theory additionally add to understand how ICES responded to external demands and why organizational structures have been changed. KW - International public organization KW - Coordination KW - Organization theory KW - Ecosystem Approach to Management (EAM) Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.009 SN - 0308-597X SN - 1872-9460 VL - 82 SP - 138 EP - 146 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheffler, Christiane A1 - Dammhahn, Melanie T1 - Feminization of the fat distribution pattern of children and adolescents in a recent German population JF - American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council N2 - Objectives During the early 1990s, the economic and political situation in eastern Germany changed overnight. Here, we use the rare chance of an experiment-like setting in humans and aim to test whether the rapid change of environmental conditions in eastern Germany in the 1990s led to a change in the sex-specific fat distribution pattern, an endocrine-influenced phenotypic marker. METHODS Based on a cross-sectional data set of 6- to 18-year-old girls and boys measured between 1982-1991 and 1997-2012, we calculated a skinfold ratio of triceps to subscapular and percentage of body fat. Using linear regressions, we tested for differences in percentage of body fat and skinfold ratio between these two time periods. RESULTS We found that the percentage of body fat increased in boys and girls, and they accumulated relatively more fat on extremities than on the trunk in all BMI groups measured after 1997 as compared to those measured between 1982 and 1991. CONCLUSIONS Concurrent with drastic and rapid changes of environmental conditions, the body fat distribution of children and adolescents changed to a more feminized pattern during the early 1990s in an East German population. The changes in this endocrinologically mediated pattern might be associated with the increased exposure of individuals to endocrine-disrupting chemicals which are known to influence the endocrine, reproductive, and immune systems in animals and humans. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23017 SN - 1042-0533 SN - 1520-6300 VL - 29 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tomiolo, Sara A1 - Metz, Johannes A1 - Blackwood, Christopher B. A1 - Djendouci, Karin A1 - Henneberg, Lorenz A1 - Mueller, Caroline A1 - Tielboerger, Katja T1 - Short-term drought and long-term climate legacy affect production of chemical defenses among plant ecotypes JF - Environmental and Experimental Botany N2 - Long and short-term climatic variation affect the ability of plants to simultaneously cope with increasing abiotic stress and biotic interactions. Specifically, ecotypes adapted to different climatic conditions (i.e., long-term legacy) may have to adjust their allocation to chemical defenses against enemies under acute drought (i.e., short-term response). Although several studies have addressed drought effects on chemical defense production, little is known about their intraspecific variation along resource gradients. Studying intraspecific variation is important for understanding how different environments select for defense strategies and how these may be affected directly and indirectly by changing climatic conditions. We conducted greenhouse experiments with the annual Biscutella didyma (Brassicaceae) to test the effects of long-term climatic legacy versus short-term drought stress on the concentrations of defense compounds (glucosinolates). To this aim, four ecotypes originating from a steep aridity gradient were exposed to contrasting water treatments. Concentrations of chemical defenses were measured separately in leaves of young (8 weeks) and old (14 weeks) plants, respectively. For young plants, ecotypes from the wettest climate (long-term legacy) as well as plants receiving high water treatments (short-term response) were better defended. A marginally significant interaction suggested that wetter ecotypes experienced a larger shift in defense production across water treatments. Older plants contained much lower glucosinolate concentrations and showed no differences between ecotypes and water treatments. Our results indicate that younger plants invest more resources into chemical defenses, possibly due to higher vulnerability to tissue loss compared to older plants. We propose that the strong response of wet ecotypes to water availability may be explained by a less pronounced adaptation to drought. KW - Plant chemical defense KW - Glucosinolates KW - Climatic legacy KW - Short-term drought KW - Brassicaceae KW - Gradients Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2017.07.009 SN - 0098-8472 SN - 1873-7307 VL - 141 SP - 124 EP - 131 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Esaulova, Yulia A1 - Reali, Chiara A1 - von Stockhausen, Lisa T1 - Prominence of gender cues in the assignment of thematic roles in German JF - Applied psycholinguistics : psychological and linguistic studies across languages and learners N2 - Two eye-tracking experiments examined influences of grammatical and stereotypical gender cues on the assignment of thematic roles in German. Participants (N-1 = 32, N-2 = 40) read sentences with subject- and object-extracted relative clauses, where thematic agents and patients remained ambiguous until the end of the relative clause. The results reveal a linguistic gender bias: agent roles are assigned more easily to grammatically masculine than feminine role nouns and stereotypically neutral than female ones. The opposite pattern is observed in the assignment of patient roles for stereotypical but not grammatical gender. The findings are discussed within the framework of situation model theories as well as in constraint-based and similarity-based interference accounts, while gender is viewed as a dimension of prominence. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S014271641700008X SN - 0142-7164 SN - 1469-1817 VL - 38 SP - 1133 EP - 1172 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heydari, Esmaeil A1 - Pastoriza-Santos, Isabel A1 - Liz-Marzan, Luis M. A1 - Stumpe, Joachim T1 - Nanoplasmonically-engineered random lasing in organic semiconductor thin films JF - Nanoscale horizons N2 - We demonstrate plasmonically nano-engineered coherent random lasing and stimulated emission enhancement in a hybrid gainmedium of organic semiconductors doped with core-shell plasmonic nanoparticles. The gain medium is composed of a 300 +/- 2 nm thin waveguide of an organic semiconductor, doped with 53 nm gold nanoparticle cores, isolated within silica shells. Upon loading the nanoparticles, the threshold of amplified spontaneous emission is reduced from 1.75 mu J cm(-2) x 10(2) for an undoped gain medium, to 0.35 mu J cm(-2) x 10(2) for a highly concentrated gain medium, and lasing spikes narrower than 0.1 nm are obtained. Most importantly, selection of silica shells with thicknesses of 10, 17 and 21 nm enables engineering of the plasmon-exciton energy coupling and consequently tuning of the laser slope efficiency. With this approach, the slope efficiency is increased by two times by decreasing the silica shell from 21 nm down to 10 nm, due to the enhancement of the localized electric field. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c7nh00054e SN - 2055-6756 SN - 2055-6764 VL - 2 SP - 261 EP - 266 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stübner, Konstanze A1 - Grujic, Djordje A1 - Dunkl, Istvan A1 - Thiede, Rasmus Christoph A1 - Eugster, Patricia T1 - Pliocene episodic exhumation and the significance of the Munsiari thrust in the northwestern Himalaya JF - Earth & planetary science letters N2 - The Himalayan thrust belt comprises three in-sequence foreland-propagating orogen-scale faults, the Main Central thrust, the Main Boundary thrust, and the Main Frontal thrust. Recently, the Munsiari–Ramgarh–Shumar thrust system has been recognized as an additional, potentially orogen-scale shear zone in the proximal footwall of the Main Central thrust. The timing of the Munsiari, Ramgarh, and Shumar thrusts and their role in Himalayan tectonics are disputed. We present 31 new zircon (U–Th)/He ages from a profile across the central Himachal Himalaya in the Beas River area. Within a ∼40 km wide belt northeast of the Kullu–Larji–Rampur window, ages ranging from to constrain a distinct episode of rapid Pliocene to Present exhumation; north and south of this belt, zircon (U–Th)/He ages are older ( to ). We attribute the Pliocene rapid exhumation episode to basal accretion to the Himalayan thrust belt and duplex formation in the Lesser Himalayan sequence including initiation of the Munsiari thrust. Pecube thermokinematic modelling suggests exhumation rates of ∼2–3 mm/yr from 4–7 to 0 Ma above the duplex contrasting with lower (<0.3 mm/yr) middle-late Miocene exhumation rates. The Munsiari thrust terminates laterally in central Himachal Pradesh. In the NW Indian Himalaya, the Main Central thrust zone comprises the sheared basal sections of the Greater Himalayan sequence and the mylonitic ‘Bajaura nappe’ of Lesser Himalayan affinity. We correlate the Bajaura unit with the Ramgarh thrust sheet in Nepal based on similar lithologies and the middle Miocene age of deformation. The Munsiari thrust in the central Himachal Himalaya is several Myr younger than deformation in the Bajaura and Ramgarh thrust sheets. Our results illustrate the complex and segmented nature of the Munsiari–Ramgarh–Shumar thrust system. KW - Himalaya KW - Himachal Pradesh KW - Munsiari thrust KW - thermochronology KW - thermokinematic modelling KW - Pliocene Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.10.036 SN - 0012-821X SN - 1385-013X VL - 481 SP - 273 EP - 283 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Donat, Matthias A1 - Knigge, Michel A1 - Dalbert, Claudia T1 - Being a good or a just teacher BT - Which experiences of teachers’ behavior can be more predictive of school bullying? JF - Aggressive behavior : a multidisciplinary journal devoted to the experimental and observational analysis of conflict in humans and animals N2 - In two cross-sectional questionnaire studies with N = 2,931 German students, aged between 12 and 17 years (M = 14.1, SD = 0.5), we investigated the relation between students’ bullying behavior and their personal belief in a just world (BJW). We considered students’ personal experience of teacher justice as a possible mediator in this relation and investigated whether the students’ experiences of their teachers’ classroom management explained bullying behavior in addition to personal BJW and teacher justice, while statistically controlling for sex and school type. In both studies, multilevel modeling results showed that the more students endorsed personal BJW and the more they evaluated their teachers’ behavior toward them personally as being just, the less likely they were to report that they bullied others. The students’ personal experience of teacher justice mediated the association of personal BJW with bullying. Furthermore, the students’ personal experience of classroom management significantly predicted bullying in addition to personal BJW and teacher justice. The observed relations were mainly significant at the individual level. The pattern of results persisted when we controlled for school type and when we considered student sex as a moderator. We discussed the adaptive functions of BJW and implications for future school research and practice. KW - belief in a just world KW - bullying behavior KW - classroom management KW - multilevel modeling KW - teacher justice Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21721 SN - 0096-140X SN - 1098-2337 VL - 44 IS - 1 SP - 29 EP - 39 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Szendroi, Kriszta A1 - Bernard, Carline A1 - Berger, Frauke A1 - Gervain, Judit A1 - Höhle, Barbara T1 - Acquisition of prosodic focus marking by English, French, and German three-, four-, five- and six-year-olds JF - Journal of child language N2 - Previous research on young children's knowledge of prosodic focus marking has revealed an apparent paradox, with comprehension appearing to lag behind production. Comprehension of prosodic focus is difficult to study experimentally due to its subtle and ambiguous contribution to pragmatic meaning. We designed a novel comprehension task, which revealed that three- to six-year-old children show adult-like comprehension of the prosodic marking of subject and object focus. Our findings thus support the view that production does not precede comprehension in the acquisition of focus. We tested participants speaking English, German, and French. All three languages allow prosodic subject and object focus marking, but use additional syntactic marking to varying degrees (English: dispreferred; German: possible; French preferred). French participants produced fewer subject marked responses than English participants. We found no other cross-linguistic differences. Participants interpreted prosodic focus marking similarly and in an adult-like fashion in all three languages. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000917000071 SN - 0305-0009 SN - 1469-7602 VL - 45 IS - 1 SP - 219 EP - 241 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heim, Wieland A1 - Trense, Daronja A1 - Sokolova, Galina V. A1 - Kitagawa, Tamaki T1 - Increased populations of endangered cranes after Amur River flood JF - Waterbirds N2 - Dam construction on the Zeya River, which is an important tributary of the Amur River in Far East Russia, has caused significant declines in water levels and frequency of floods in the adjacent floodplains since 1980. However, an extreme flood event occurred in 2013. Populations of six crane species were monitored before and after these drastic water level changes at Muraviovka Park in Far East Russia, an important breeding and stop-over site. Individuals were counted by territory mapping during the breeding season (2000-2015) and by roosting site counts during autumn migration (2006-2015). The objective of this study was to evaluate whether changes in water levels had a significant impact on local and migratory crane populations. We found a positive effect of flooding on numbers of breeding Red-crowned Cranes (Grus japonensis) and White-naped Cranes (Antigone vipio), as well as on numbers of roosting Hooded Cranes (Grus monacha) in autumn. Siberian Cranes (Leucogeranus leucogeranus) were only observed after the wetlands were flooded. The results of this study highlight the importance of elevated Amur River water levels for crane populations of global importance. KW - Antigone vipio KW - cranes KW - dam construction KW - East Asian flyway KW - floodplain KW - Grus japonensis KW - Grus monacha KW - Leucogeranus leucogeranus KW - population trend KW - water level Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1675/063.040.0309 SN - 1524-4695 SN - 1938-5390 VL - 40 SP - 282 EP - 288 PB - Waterbirds SOC CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weck, Florian A1 - Nagel, Laura Carlotta A1 - Richtberg, Samantha A1 - Neng, Julia M. B. T1 - Personality disorders in hypochondriasis BT - a comparison to panic disorder and healthy controls JF - Journal of personality disorders N2 - Previous studies found high prevalence rates of personality disorders (PDs) in patients with hypochondriasis; however, assessment was often based only on questionnaires. In the current study, a sample of 68 patients with hypochondriasis was compared to 31 patients with panic disorder and to 94 healthy controls. Participants were investigated with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders questionnaire (SCID-II questionnaire) and the SCID-II interview. Based on the cut-off scores of the SCID-II questionnaire, we found a prevalence rate of 45.6% for PD in patients with hypochondriasis. In comparison to healthy controls, patients with hypochondriasis showed characteristics of paranoid, borderline, avoid ant, and-dependent PDs in the dimensional assessment significantly more often. However, no significant differences were found between the clinical samples. Based on the SCID-II interview, only 2.9% of the patients with hypochondriasis fulfilled the criteria for a PD. These results suggest that PDs are not a specific characteristic of hypochondriasis. Y1 - 2017 SN - 0885-579X SN - 1943-2763 VL - 31 SP - 567 EP - 576 PB - Guilford Press CY - New York ER -