TY - GEN A1 - Nguyen, Vu Hoa A1 - Richert, S. A1 - Park, Hyunji A1 - Böker, Alexander A1 - Schnakenberg, Uwe T1 - Single interdigital transducer as surface acoustic wave impedance sensor T2 - Biosensors N2 - Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are well-known for gravimetric sensor applications. In biosensing applications, chemical-and biochemically evoked adsorption processes at surfaces are detected in liquid environments using delay-line or resonator sensor configurations, preferably in combination with appropriate microfluidic devices. In this paper, a novel SAW-based impedance sensor type is introduced which uses only one interdigital electrode transducer (IDT) simultaneously as SAW generator and sensor element. It is shown that the amplitude of the reflected S-11 signal directly depends on the input impedance of the SAW device. The input impedance is strongly influenced by mass adsorption which causes a characteristic and measurable impedance mismatch. KW - SAW impedance sensor KW - microfluidic KW - PHEMA Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2017.04.032 SN - 2212-0173 VL - 27 SP - 70 EP - 71 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hess, Markus A1 - Wirtz, Susanne A1 - Allroggen, Marc A1 - Scheithauer, Herbert T1 - Intervention und Therapie für Täter und Opfer von Schulbullying BT - ein systematisches Review BT - a systematic review JF - Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie : Ergebnisse aus Psychotherapie, Beratung und Psychiatrie N2 - Bullying ist eine Form wiederholten, aggressiven Verhaltens mit ernstzunehmenden Auswirkungen, unter denen Täter und Opfer häufig lange nach Ende des Bullying-Geschehens leiden. Dennoch ist die Therapie von Bullying und den damit einhergehenden Folgen ein bisher in der Forschung vernachlässigtes Thema. Im Rahmen eines systematischen Literaturüberblicks wurde daher untersucht, welche Therapieformen zur Behandlung von Bullying und dessen Folgen bei Opfern und bei Tätern bereits angewendet wurden. Eine systematische Suche in nationalen und internationalen Datenbanken führte zu 31 relevanten Publikationen, in denen 34 therapeutische Interventionen aus über 14 Ländern beschrieben wurden. In zehn Therapiestudien mit kontrolliertem Design zeigte sich, dass Behandlungsangebote, die sich sowohl an die betroffenen Personen als auch an ihr soziales Umfeld richten, besonders effektiv in der Behandlung von Bullying-Folgen sind. Die restlichen 24 Behandlungsansätze wurden keiner kontrollierten Evaluation unterzogen. Insgesamt zwei Drittel aller therapeutischen Interventionen wenden sich an die Gruppe der Opfer. Hier wird im Unterschied zur Behandlung von Tätern verstärkt auf Gruppentherapien zurückgegriffen. Unter der Bandbreite an Ansätzen ist die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie am häufigsten vertreten. Festzustellen bleibt ein Forschungsmangel an evidenzbasierten, gezielten Interventionen zur Behandlung von Bullying und dessen Folgen bei Opfern und Tätern. Unseres Wissens stellt diese Arbeit den ersten systematischen Überblick zu therapeutischen Interventionen bei Bullying für Kinder und Jugendliche dar. T2 - Intervention and Therapy for Perpetrators and Victims of Bullying KW - therapy KW - intervention KW - perpetrator KW - victim KW - bullying KW - Therapie KW - Intervention KW - Täter KW - Opfer Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.13109/prkk.2017.66.10.740 SN - 0032-7034 SN - 2196-8225 VL - 66 IS - 10 SP - 740 EP - 755 PB - Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht CY - Göttingen ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schmidt-Hattenberger, Cornelia A1 - Bergmann, Peter A1 - Labitzke, Tim A1 - Pommerencke, Julia A1 - Rippe, Dennis A1 - Wagner, Florian A1 - Wiese, Bernd T1 - Monitoring the complete life-cycle of a CO2 storage reservoir-Demonstration of applicability of geoelectrical imaging T2 - 13th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT) N2 - In this paper, the applicability of deep downhole geoelectrical monitoring for detecting CO2 related signatures is evaluated after a nearly ten year period of CO2 storage at the Ketzin pilot site. Deep downhole electrode arrays have been studied as part of a multi-physical monitoring concept at four CO2 pilot test sites worldwide so far. For these sites, it was considered important to implement the geoelectrical method into the measurement program of tracking the CO2 plume. Analyzing the example of the Ketzin site, it can be seen that during all phases of the CO2 storage reservoir development the resistivity measurements and their corresponding tomographic interpretation contribute in a beneficial manner to the measurement, monitoring and verification (MMV) protocol. The most important impact of a permanent electrode array is its potential as tool for estimating reservoir saturations. KW - Geoeletrical imaging KW - permanent downhole electrode array KW - CO2 storage monitoring Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1526 SN - 1876-6102 VL - 114 SP - 3948 EP - 3955 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Al-Ani, Ayad T1 - CPS and the Worker BT - Reorientation and Requalification? JF - Industrial Internet of Things : Cybermanufacturing Systems N2 - The idea of interlinked, sensor-augmented, self-governing Cyber Physical System (CPS) production processes is gaining momentum. At the same time, the impact of this concept on the workforce remains surprisingly vague. This can be explained by the fact that man is not at the centre of these developments and—even more importantly—automation is geared towards eliminating human activity. Based on the first views in the 1980s, the label of the “process worker” assumed an almost exclusive focus on control and maintenance tasks for this new type of worker in the automated factory. Recent experiences show, however, that as long as robots are not self-learning, man will be the template for these machines and we can already notice the emerging parallelism of fully automated production lines and human workshops. The changing nature of the workforce will gain further momentum if one depicts new, open formats of production. Here, the worker will have to assume new roles in reconfiguring the production processes. Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-319-42559-7 SN - 978-3-319-42558-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42559-7_23 SN - 2365-4139 SP - 563 EP - 574 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neuber, Corinna A1 - Schumacher, Fabian A1 - Gulbins, Erich A1 - Kleuser, Burkhard T1 - Mass Spectrometric Determination of Fatty Aldehydes Exemplified by Monitoring the Oxidative Degradation of (2E)-Hexadecenal in HepG2 Cell Lysates JF - Lipidomics N2 - Within the last few decades, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has become a preferred method for manifold issues in analytical biosciences, given its high selectivity and sensitivity. However, the analysis of fatty aldehydes, which are important components of cell metabolism, remains challenging. Usually, chemical derivatization prior to MS detection is required to enhance ionization efficiency. In this regard, the coupling of fatty aldehydes to hydrazines like 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) is a common approach. Additionally, hydrazones readily react with fatty aldehydes to form stable derivatives, which can be easily separated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and subsequently detected by MS. Here, we exemplarily present the quantification of the long-chain fatty aldehyde (2E)-hexadecenal, a break-down product of the bioactive lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), after derivatization with 2-diphenylacetyl-1,3-indandione-1-hydrazone (DAIH) via isotope-dilution HPLC-electrospray ionization-quadrupole/time-of-flight (ESI-QTOF) MS. Moreover, we show that the addition of N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC hydrochloride) as a coupling agent allows for simultaneous determination of fatty aldehydes and fatty acids as DAIH derivatives. Taking advantage of this, we describe in detail how to monitor the degradation of (2E)-hexadecenal and the concurrent formation of its oxidation product (2E)-hexadecenoic acid in lysates of human hepatoblastoma (HepG2) cells within this chapter. KW - (2E)-hexadecenal KW - (2E)-hexadecenoic acid KW - Sphingosine 1-phosphate KW - Derivatization KW - DAIH KW - EDC KW - Isotope-dilution KW - HPLC-ESI-QTOF Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-1-4939-6946-3 SN - 978-1-4939-6944-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6946-3_10 SN - 0893-2336 SN - 1940-6045 VL - 125 SP - 147 EP - 158 PB - Humana Press CY - Totowa ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Czernitzki, Anna-Franziska A1 - Pospisil, Christina A1 - Musalek, Martin A1 - Mumm, Rebekka A1 - Scheffler, Christiane T1 - Analysis of longitudinal data of height z-scores in kindergarten children BT - a pilot study JF - Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft für Anthropologie N2 - Changes in body height throughout extended historic periods are very complex and dynamic processes. Thispilot study aimed to investigate the pattern of longitudinal height z-scores changes in children before and after entering kindergarten. In summer 2016, we measured height and weight of 32 children from 4 groups of two kindergartens aged 3–6 years. All ages were centered according to the age of entry into the kindergarten. For each child we determined mean z-scores for height before and after entering the kindergarten, and assessed the variances for each kindergarten group. Twenty-two children targeted in height z-scores towards average height of their respective kindergarten group, 10 children did not. Due to the small numbers, the convergence in height variance however, remained insignificant (chi-squared independence test, p = 0.127). Additional studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm this pilot study. KW - Height z-score KW - kindergarten children KW - secular trend KW - strategic growth adjustment KW - social signal Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2017/0708 SN - 0003-5548 VL - 74 IS - 2 SP - 109 EP - 112 PB - Schweizerbart science publishers CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwiebs, Anja A1 - Thomas, Dominique Jeanette A1 - Kleuser, Burkhard A1 - Pfeilschifter, Josef A1 - Radeke, Heinfried H. T1 - Nuclear translocation of SGPP-1 and decrease of SGPL-1 activity contribute to sphingolipid rheostat regulation of inflammatory dendritic cells JF - Mediators of inflammation N2 - A balanced sphingolipid rheostat is indispensable for dendritic cell function and survival and thus initiation of an immune response. Sphingolipid levels are dynamically maintained by the action of sphingolipid enzymes of which sphingosine kinases, S1P phosphatases (SGPP-1/2) and S1P lyase (SGPL-1), are pivotal in the balance of S1P and sphingosine levels. In this study, we present that SGPP-1 and SGPL-1 are regulated in inflammatory dendritic cells and contribute to S1P fate. TLR-dependent activation caused SGPL-1 protein downregulation with subsequent decrease of enzymatic activity by two-thirds. In parallel, confocal fluorescence microscopy revealed that endogenous SGPP-1 was expressed in nuclei of naive dendritic cells and was translocated into the cytoplasmatic compartment upon inflammatory stimulation resulting in dephosphorylation of S1P. Mass spectrometric determination showed that a part of the resulting sphingosine was released from the cell, increasing extracellular levels. Another route of diminishing intracellular S1P was possibly taken by its export via ATP-binding cassette transporter C1 which was upregulated in array analysis, while the S1P transporter, spinster homolog 2, was not relevant in dendritic cells. These investigations newly describe the sequential expression and localization of the endogenous S1P regulators SGPP-1 and SGPL-1 and highlight their contribution to the sphingolipid rheostat in inflammation. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5187368 SN - 0962-9351 SN - 1466-1861 PB - Hindawi Publishing Corp. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yue, Jinxing A1 - Alter, Kai-Uwe A1 - Howard, David A1 - Bastiaanse, Roelien T1 - Early access to lexical-level phonological representations of Mandarin word-forms BT - evidence from auditory N1 habituation JF - Language, cognition and neuroscience N2 - An auditory habituation design was used to investigate whether lexical-level phonological representations in the brain can be rapidly accessed after the onset of a spoken word. We studied the N1 component of the auditory event-related electrical potential, and measured the amplitude decrements of N1 associated with the repetition of a monosyllabic tone word and an acoustically similar pseudo-word in Mandarin Chinese. Effects related to the contrastive onset consonants were controlled for by introducing two control words. We show that repeated pseudo-words consistently elicit greater amplitude decrements in N1 than real words. Furthermore, this lexicality effect is free from sensory fatigue or rapid learning of the pseudo-word. These results suggest that a lexical-level phonological representation of a spoken word can be accessed as early as 110ms after the onset of the word-form. KW - Auditory N1 KW - short-term habituation KW - spoken word KW - Mandarin Chinese KW - language KW - event-related potential KW - lexical access Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2017.1290261 SN - 2327-3798 SN - 2327-3801 VL - 32 IS - 9 SP - 1148 EP - 1163 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - You, Zewang A1 - Behl, Marc A1 - Löwenberg, Candy A1 - Lendlein, Andreas T1 - pH-sensitivity and conformation change of the n-terminal methacrylated peptide VK20 JF - MRS advances : a journal of the Materials Research Society (MRS) N2 - N-terminal methacrylation of peptide MAXI, which is capable of conformational changes variation of the pH, results in a peptide, named VK20. Increasing the reactivity of this terminal group enables further coupling reactions or chemical modifications of the peptidc. However, this end group functionalization may influence the ability of confonnational changes of VK20; as well as its properties. In this paper; the influence of pH on the transition between random coil and beta-sheet conformation of VK20; including the transition kinetics, were investigated. At pH values of 9 and higher, the kinetics beta-sheet formation increased tor VK(2 0, compared to MAXI. The self-assembly into beta-sheets recognized by the formation of a physically crosslinked gel was furthermore indicated by a significant increase of G. An increase in pH (from 9 to 9.5) led to a faster gelation of the peptide VK20. Simultaneously, G was increased from 460 +/- 70 Pa (at pH 9) to 1520 +/- 180 Pa (at pH 9.5). At the nanoscale, the gel showed a highly interconnected fibrillar/network structure with uniform fibril widths of approximately 3.4 +/- 0.5 nm (N=30). The recovery of the peptide conformation back to random coil resulted in the dissolution of the gel; whereby the kinetics of the recovery depended on the pH. Conclusively, the ability of MAXI to undergo confommtional changes was not affected by N-terminal methacrylation whereas the kinetics of pH-sensitive beta-sheet formations has been increased. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.491 SN - 2059-8521 VL - 2 SP - 2571 EP - 2579 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Muthaura, Charles N. A1 - Keriko, Joseph M. A1 - Mutai, Charles A1 - Yenesew, Abiy A1 - Heydenreich, Matthias A1 - Atilaw, Yoseph A1 - Gathirwa, Jeremiah W. A1 - Irungu, Beatrice N. A1 - Derese, Solomon T1 - Antiplasmodial, cytotoxicity and phytochemical constituents of four maytenus species used in traditional medicine in Kenya JF - The natural products journal N2 - Background: In Kenya, several species of the genus Maytenus are used in traditional medicine to treat many diseases including malaria. In this study, phytochemical constituents and extracts of Maytenus undata, M. putterlickioides, M. senegalensis and M. heterophylla were evaluated to determine compound/s responsible for antimalarial activity. Objective: To isolate antiplasmodial compounds from these plant species which could be used as marker compounds in the standardization of their extracts as a phytomedicine for malaria. Methods: Constituents were isolated through activity-guided fractionation of the MeOH/CHCl3 (1:1) extracts and in vitro inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using Vero cells and the compounds were elucidated on the basis of NMR spectroscopy. Results: Fractionation of the extracts resulted in the isolation of ten known compounds. Compound 1 showed promising antiplasmodial activity with IC50, 3.63 and 3.95 ng/ml against chloroquine sensitive (D6) and resistant (W2) P. falciparum, respectively and moderate cytotoxicity (CC50, 37.5 ng/ml) against Vero E6 cells. The other compounds showed weak antiplasmodial (IC50 > 1.93 mu g/ml) and cytotoxic (CC50 > 39.52 mu g/ml) activities against P. falciparum and Vero E6 cells, respectively. Conclusion: (20 alpha)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-24-nor-friedela-1(10),3,5,7-tetraen-carboxylic acid-(29)-methyl-ester (pristimerin) (1) was the most active marker and lead compound that warrants further investigation as a template for the development of new antimalarial drugs. Pristimerin is reported for the first time in M. putterlickioides. 3-Hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (oleanolic acid) (5), stigmast-5-en-3-ol (beta-sitosterol) (6), 3-oxo-28-friedelanoic acid (7), olean-12-en-3-ol (beta-amyrin) (8), lup-20(29)-en-3-ol (lupeol) (9) and lup-20(29)-en-3-one (lupenone) (10) are reported for the first time in M. undata. KW - Antimalarial plants KW - antiplasmodial KW - cytotoxicity KW - marker compound KW - Maytenus spp. KW - phytomedicine KW - pristimerin Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2174/2210315507666161206144050 SN - 2210-3155 SN - 2210-3163 VL - 7 IS - 2 SP - 144 EP - 152 PB - Bentham Science Publ. CY - Sharjah ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fyndanis, Valantis A1 - Lind, Marianne A1 - Varlokosta, Spyridoula A1 - Kambanaros, Maria A1 - Soroli, Efstathia A1 - Ceder, Klaudia A1 - Grohmann, Kleanthes K. A1 - Rofes, Adrià A1 - Simonsen, Hanne Gram A1 - Bjekić, Jovana A1 - Gavarró, Anna A1 - Kraljević, Jelena Kuvač A1 - Martínez-Ferreiro, Silvia A1 - Munarriz, Amaia A1 - Pourquie, Marie A1 - Vuksanović, Jasmina A1 - Zakariás, Lilla A1 - Howard, David T1 - Cross-linguistic adaptations of The Comprehensive Aphasia Test BT - challenges and solutions JF - Clinical linguistics & phonetics N2 - Comparative research on aphasia and aphasia rehabilitation is challenged by the lack of comparable assessment tools across different languages. In English, a large array of tools is available, while in most other languages, the selection is more limited. Importantly, assessment tools are often simple translations and do not take into consideration specific linguistic and psycholinguistic parameters of the target languages. As a first step in meeting the needs for comparable assessment tools, the Comprehensive Aphasia Test is currently being adapted into a number of languages spoken in Europe. In this article, some key challenges encountered in the adaptation process and the solutions to ensure that the resulting assessment tools are linguistically and culturally equivalent, are proposed. Specifically, we focus on challenges and solutions related to the use of imageability, frequency, word length, spelling-to-sound regularity and sentence length and complexity as underlying properties in the selection of the testing material. KW - Aphasia KW - assessment KW - Comprehensive Aphasia Test (CAT) KW - cross-linguistic adaptations KW - outcome measures Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02699206.2017.1310299 SN - 0269-9206 SN - 1464-5076 VL - 31 IS - 7-9 SP - 697 EP - 710 PB - Taylor & Francis Group CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chang, Der-Chen A1 - Hedayat Mahmoudi, Mahdi A1 - Schulze, Bert-Wolfgang T1 - Singular degenerate operators JF - Applicable analysis : an international journal N2 - We outline some simplified and more general method for constructing parametrices on higher singular spaces. We also outline basic ideas on operators on manifolds with conical or edge singularities. KW - Operators on singular cones KW - Mellin symbols with values in the edge calculus KW - parametrices of elliptic operators Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/00036811.2017.1336546 SN - 0003-6811 SN - 1563-504X VL - 96 IS - 14 SP - 2434 EP - 2456 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Balta Beylergil, Sinem A1 - Beck, Anne A1 - Deserno, Lorenz A1 - Lorenz, Robert C. A1 - Rapp, Michael A. A1 - Schlagenhauf, Florian A1 - Heinz, Andreas A1 - Obermayer, Klaus T1 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex contributes to the impaired behavioral adaptation in alcohol dependence JF - NeuroImage: Clinical : a journal of diseases affecting the nervous system N2 - Substance-dependent individuals often lack the ability to adjust decisions flexibly in response to the changes in reward contingencies. Prediction errors (PEs) are thought to mediate flexible decision-making by updating the reward values associated with available actions. In this study, we explored whether the neurobiological correlates of PEs are altered in alcohol dependence. Behavioral, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were simultaneously acquired from 34 abstinent alcohol-dependent patients (ADP) and 26 healthy controls (HC) during a probabilistic reward-guided decision-making task with dynamically changing reinforcement contingencies. A hierarchical Bayesian inference method was used to fit and compare learning models with different assumptions about the amount of task-related information subjects may have inferred during the experiment. Here, we observed that the best-fitting model was a modified Rescorla-Wagner type model, the “double-update” model, which assumes that subjects infer the knowledge that reward contingencies are anti-correlated, and integrate both actual and hypothetical outcomes into their decisions. Moreover, comparison of the best-fitting model's parameters showed that ADP were less sensitive to punishments compared to HC. Hence, decisions of ADP after punishments were loosely coupled with the expected reward values assigned to them. A correlation analysis between the model-generated PEs and the fMRI data revealed a reduced association between these PEs and the BOLD activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of ADP. A hemispheric asymmetry was observed in the DLPFC when positive and negative PE signals were analyzed separately. The right DLPFC activity in ADP showed a reduced correlation with positive PEs. On the other hand, ADP, particularly the patients with high dependence severity, recruited the left DLPFC to a lesser extent than HC for processing negative PE signals. These results suggest that the DLPFC, which has been linked to adaptive control of action selection, may play an important role in cognitive inflexibility observed in alcohol dependence when reinforcement contingencies change. Particularly, the left DLPFC may contribute to this impaired behavioral adaptation, possibly by impeding the extinction of the actions that no longer lead to a reward. KW - Alcohol dependence KW - Prediction error KW - Reinforcement learning KW - Reversal learning KW - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex KW - Decision-making Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2017.04.010 SN - 2213-1582 VL - 15 SP - 80 EP - 94 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaufmann, Yvonne Marie A1 - Maiwald, Lisa Marie A1 - Schindler, Svenja A1 - Weck, Florian T1 - Wie wirkt sich mehrmaliges Kompetenz-Feedback auf psychotherapeutische Behandlungen aus? T1 - How does multiple competence feedback affect psychotherapeutic treatment? BT - eine qualitative Analyse BT - a qualitative analysis JF - Zeitschrift für klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie : Forschung und Praxis N2 - Theoretischer Hintergrund: Einflüsse von therapeutenorientiertem Kompetenz-Feedback in der Psychotherapieausbildung wurden bislang wenig untersucht. Fragestellung: Wie gehen Ausbildungstherapeuten mit Feedback um? Welchen Einfluss hat ein regelmäßiges Kompetenz-Feedback auf die Qualität psychotherapeutischer Behandlungen (insbesondere Therapiesitzungen, therapeutische Beziehung, Person des Therapeuten, Supervision)? Methode: Elf Therapeuten wurden mithilfe eines halbstrukturierten Interviewleitfadens befragt. Die Auswertung erfolgte mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring (2015). Ergebnisse: Das auf Basis der Interviews erstellte Kategoriensystem umfasste die Kategorien „Erwartungen an das Feedback“, „Wahrnehmung des Feedbacks“, „Verarbeitung von und Umgang mit Feedback“, „Folgen, Auswirkungen und Veränderungen durch Feedback“ sowie „Verbesserungswünsche“. Schlussfolgerungen: Therapeuten streben eine Umsetzung des Feedbacks an, welches sich auf die Behandlung, die Supervision, die eigene Person und die therapeutische Beziehung auswirkt. N2 - Background: To date, the influence of therapist-oriented feedback in psychotherapy training has rarely been investigated. Objective: How do therapists in training deal with competence feedback? What influence does a regular competence feedback have on treatment quality (especially therapy sessions, therapeutic alliance, the therapist, supervision)? Method: We interviewed 11 therapists using a semistructured interview guide. The text material was analyzed with qualitative content analysis (Mayring, 2015). Results: The interview-based system of categories consists of: expectations toward feedback; perception of feedback; processing of feedback; consequences, effects, and changes due to feedback; and suggestions for improvement. Conclusion: Therapists strive to implement feedback. Competence feedback has an impact on treatment, supervision, the therapist, and the therapeutic alliance. KW - feedback KW - psychotherapy training KW - psychotherapeutic competencies KW - qualitative content analysis KW - clinical supervision Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000412 SN - 1616-3443 SN - 2190-6297 VL - 46 IS - 2 SP - 96 EP - 106 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Peng, Xingzhou A1 - Behl, Marc A1 - Zhang, Pengfei A1 - Mazurek-Budzyńska, Magdalena A1 - Feng, Yakai A1 - Lendlein, Andreas T1 - Synthesis and characterization of multiblock poly(ester-amide-urethane)s JF - MRS advances : a journal of the Materials Research Society (MRS) N2 - In this study, a multiblock copolymer containing oligo(3-methyl-morpholine-2, 5-dione) (oMMD) and oligo(3-sec-butyl-morpholine-2, 5-dione) (oBMD) building blocks obtained by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of the corresponding monomers, was synthesized in a polyaddition reaction using an aliphatic diisocyanate. The multiblock copolymer (pBMD-MMD) provided a molecular weight of 40, 000 g·mol−1, determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Incorporation of both oligodepsipeptide segments in multiblock copolymers was confirmed by 1H NMR and Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time Of Flight Mass Spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. pBMD-MMD showed two separated glass transition temperatures (61 °C and 74 °C) indicating a microphase separation. Furthermore, a broad glass transition was observed by DMTA, which can be attributed to strong physical interaction i.e. by H-bonds formed between amide, ester, and urethane groups of the investigated copolymers. The obtained multiblock copolymer is supposed to own the capability to exhibit strong physical interactions. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.486 SN - 2059-8521 VL - 2 SP - 2551 EP - 2559 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Buschhüter, David A1 - Spoden, Christian A1 - Borowski, Andreas T1 - Physics knowledge of first semester physics students in Germany BT - a comparison of 1978 and 2013 cohorts JF - International journal of science education N2 - Over the last decades, the percentage of the age group choosing to pursue university studies has increased significantly across the world. At the same time, there are university teachers who believe that the standards have fallen. There is little research on whether students nowadays demonstrate knowledge or abilities similar to that of the preceding cohorts. However, in times of educational expansion, empirical evidence on student test performance is extremely helpful in evaluating how well educational systems cope with the increasing numbers of students. In this study, we compared a sample of 2322 physics freshmen from 2013 with another sample of 2718 physics freshmen from 1978 at universities in Germany with regard to their physics knowledge based on their results in the same entrance test. Previous results on mathematics knowledge and abilities in the same sample of students indicated that there was no severe decline in their average achievement. This paper compares the physics knowledge of the same two samples of students. Contrary to their mathematics results, their physics results showed a substantial decrease in physics knowledge as measured by the test. KW - University physics KW - entrance test KW - generational comparison Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2017.1318457 SN - 0950-0693 SN - 1464-5289 VL - 39 IS - 9 SP - 1109 EP - 1132 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yılmaz, Zafer T1 - The AKP and the spirit of the ‘new’ Turkey BT - imagined victim, reactionary mood, and resentful sovereign JF - Turkish studies N2 - A strong sense of victimhood, a discourse of social suffering, and complementary bodily performances, which mobilize rancor, resentfulness, and revengefulness, are fundamental elements of Turkish-Islamist ideology. This article discusses the political dynamics and implications of such assertions of victimhood in the Turkish context. To underscore these dynamics, it analyses the role of the logic of pain in the subject formation of Turkish-Islamist identity and how this logic has been revitalized by constitutive and hegemonic social imagination, and circulated and intensified by a reactionary mood. Additionally, it aims to expose how this reactionary mood profoundly depends on contradictory subjectification processes, which simultaneously involve mobilization of feelings of impotency, non-responsibility, self-pitying, and sublimation of power. This subject formation opens the way for identification with authoritarian figures in the Turkish case. KW - Justice and Development Party (AKP) KW - victimhood KW - resentment KW - reactionary mood KW - Turkish-Islamist ideology Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2017.1314763 SN - 1468-3849 SN - 1743-9663 VL - 18 IS - 3 SP - 482 EP - 513 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Muschalla, Beate T1 - Work-anxiety-coping intervention improves work-coping perception while a recreational intervention leads to deterioration BT - results from a randomized controlled trial JF - European journal of work and organizational psychology : the official journal of The European Association of Work and Organizational Psychology N2 - Work-anxieties are costly and need early intervention. The perception of being able to cope with work is a basic requirement for work ability. This randomized controlled trial investigates whether a cognitive behavioural, work-anxiety-coping group (WAG) intervention leads to better work-coping perception than an unspecific recreational group (RG). Heterogeneous people in medical rehabilitation, who were due to return to work, were interviewed concerning their work-anxieties, and either randomly assigned to a WAG (n=85) or a RG (n=95). The participants (with an average of 50years old [range 23-64]; 51% women; 70% workers or employees, 25% academics, 5% unskilled) followed the group intervention for four or six sessions. The perceived work-coping was assessed by self-rating (Inventory for Job-Coping and Return Intention JoCoRi) after each group session. Although participants had a slight temporary decrease in work-coping after group session two (from M-1=2.47 to M-2=2.28, d(Cohen)=-.22), the WAG led to the improvement of perceived work-coping over the intervention course (from M-1=2.47 to M-6=2.65, d(Cohen)=.18). In contrast, participants from the RG reported lower work-coping after six group sessions (from M-1=2.26 to M-6=2.02, d(Cohen)=-.18). It is considered that people with work-anxieties need training in work-coping. By focusing on recreation only, this may lead to deterioration of work-coping. Indeed, intervention designers should be aware of temporary deterioration (side effects) when confronting participants with work-coping. KW - Work-anxiety KW - work-coping KW - return to work KW - intervention KW - mental health Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2017.1384378 SN - 1359-432X SN - 1464-0643 VL - 26 IS - 6 SP - 858 EP - 869 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Daviter, Falk T1 - Coping, taming or solving BT - alternative approaches to the governance of wicked problems JF - Policy studies N2 - One of the truisms of policy analysis is that policy problems are rarely solved. As an ever-increasing number of policy issues are identified as an inherently ill-structured and intractable type of wicked problem, the question of what policy analysis sets out to accomplish has emerged as more central than ever. If solving wicked problems is beyond reach, research on wicked problems needs to provide a clearer understanding of the alternatives. The article identifies and explicates three distinguishable strategies of problem governance: coping, taming and solving. It shows that their intellectual premises and practical implications clearly contrast in core respects. The article argues that none of the identified strategies of problem governance is invariably more suitable for dealing with wicked problems. Rather than advocate for some universally applicable approach to the governance of wicked problems, the article asks under what conditions different ways of governing wicked problems are analytically reasonable and normatively justified. It concludes that a more systematic assessment of alternative approaches of problem governance requires a reorientation of the debate away from the conception of wicked problems as a singular type toward the more focused analysis of different dimensions of problem wickedness. KW - Wicked problems KW - complex problems KW - governance KW - problem-solving KW - policy analysis Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2017.1384543 SN - 0144-2872 SN - 1470-1006 VL - 38 IS - 6 SP - 571 EP - 588 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kühn, Michael A1 - Schöne, Tim T1 - Multivariate regression model from water level and production rate time series for the geothermal reservoir Waiwera (New Zealand) T2 - Energy procedia N2 - Water management tools are necessary to guarantee the preservation of natural resources while ensuring optimum utilization. Linear regression models are a simple and quick solution for creating prognostic capabilities. Multivariate models show higher precision than univariate models. In the case of Waiwera, implementation of individual production rates is more accurate than applying just the total production rate. A maximum of approximately 1,075 m3/day can be pumped to ensure a water level of at least 0.5 m a.s.l. in the monitoring well. The model should be renewed annually to implement new data and current water level trends to keep the quality. KW - geothermal reservoir KW - water management KW - data based model KW - multivariate regression KW - coefficient of determination KW - scenario analysis Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.08.196 SN - 1876-6102 VL - 125 SP - 571 EP - 579 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wetzel, Maria A1 - Kempka, Thomas A1 - Kühn, Michael T1 - Predicting macroscopic elastic rock properties requires detailed information on microstructure T2 - Energy procedia N2 - Predicting variations in macroscopic mechanical rock behaviour due to microstructural changes, driven by mineral precipitation and dissolution is necessary to couple chemo-mechanical processes in geological subsurface simulations. We apply 3D numerical homogenization models to estimate Young’s moduli for five synthetic microstructures, and successfully validate our results for comparable geometries with the analytical Mori-Tanaka approach. Further, we demonstrate that considering specific rock microstructures is of paramount importance, since calculated elastic properties may deviate by up to 230 % for the same mineral composition. Moreover, agreement between simulated and experimentally determined Young’s moduli is significantly improved, when detailed spatial information are employed. KW - digital rock physics KW - effective elastic properties KW - numerical Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.08.195 SN - 1876-6102 VL - 125 SP - 561 EP - 570 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kühn, Michael A1 - Li, Qi A1 - Nakaten, Natalie Christine A1 - Kempka, Thomas T1 - Integrated subsurface gas storage of CO2 and CH4 offers capacity and state-of-the-art technology for energy storage in China T2 - Energy procedia N2 - Integration and development of the energy supply in China and worldwide is a challenge for the years to come. The innovative idea presented here is based on an extension of the “power-to-gas-to-power” technology by establishing a closed carbon cycle. It is an implementation of a low-carbon energy system based on carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) to store and reuse wind and solar energy. The Chenjiacun storage project in China compares well with the German case study for the towns Potsdam and Brandenburg/Havel in the Federal State of Brandenburg based on the Ketzin pilot site for CCS. KW - gas storage KW - carbon dioxide KW - methane KW - hydrogen KW - renewable energy KW - carbon cycle Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.08.039 SN - 1876-6102 VL - 125 SP - 14 EP - 18 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kühn, Michael A1 - Kempka, Thomas A1 - de Lucia, Marco A1 - Scheck-Wenderoth, Magdalena T1 - Dissolved CO2 storage in geological formations with low pressure, low risk and large capacities T2 - Energy procedia N2 - Geological CO2 storage is a mitigation technology to reduce CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion. However, major concerns are the pressure increase and saltwater displacement in the mainly targeted deep groundwater aquifers due to injection of supercritical CO2. The suggested solution is storage of CO2 exclusively in the dissolved state. In our exemplary regional case study of the North East German Basin based on a highly resolved temperature and pressure distribution model and a newly developed reactive transport coupling, we have quantified that 4.7 Gt of CO2 can be stored in solution compared to 1.5 Gt in the supercritical state. KW - carbon dioxide KW - dissolved KW - storage capacity KW - numerical simulation KW - saline aquifer KW - Buntsandstein Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1607 SN - 1876-6102 VL - 114 SP - 4722 EP - 4727 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pyšek, Petr A1 - Pergl, Jan A1 - Essl, Franz A1 - Lenzner, Bernd A1 - Dawson, Wayne A1 - Kreft, Holger A1 - Weigelt, Patrick A1 - Winter, Marten A1 - Kartesz, John A1 - Nishino, Misako A1 - Antonova, Liubov A. A1 - Barcelona, Julie F. A1 - Cabezas, Francisco José A1 - Cárdenas López, Dairon A1 - Cárdenas-Toro, Juliana A1 - Castańo, Nicolás A1 - Chacón, Eduardo A1 - Chatelain, Cyrille A1 - Dullinger, Stefan A1 - Ebel, Aleksandr L. A1 - Figueiredo, Estrela A1 - Fuentes, Nicol A1 - Genovesi, Piero A1 - Groom, Quentin J. A1 - Henderson, Lesley A1 - Inderjit, A1 - Kupriyanov, Andrey A1 - Masciadri, Silvana A1 - Maurel, Noëlie A1 - Meerman, Jan A1 - Morozova, Olʹga V. A1 - Moser, Dietmar A1 - Nickrent, Daniel A1 - Nowak, Pauline M. A1 - Pagad, Shyama A1 - Patzelt, Annette A1 - Pelser, Pieter B. A1 - Seebens, Hanno A1 - Shu, Wen-sheng A1 - Thomas, Jacob A1 - Velayos, Mauricio A1 - Weber, Ewald A1 - Wieringa, Jan J. A1 - Baptiste, Maria P. A1 - Kleunen, Mark van T1 - Naturalized alien flora of the world T1 - Naturalizovaná nepůvodní flóra světa BT - species diversity, taxonomic and phylogenetic patterns, geographic distribution and global hotspots of plant invasion BT - druhová diverzita, taxonomické a fylogenetické složení, geografické zákonitosti a globální ohniska rostlinných invazí JF - Preslia : the journal of the Czech Botanical Society N2 - Using the recently built Global Naturalized Alien Flora (GloNAF) database, containing data on the distribution of naturalized alien plants in 483 mainland and 361 island regions of the world, we describe patterns in diversity and geographic distribution of naturalized and invasive plant species, taxonomic, phylogenetic and life-history structure of the global naturalized flora as well as levels of naturalization and their determinants. The mainland regions with the highest numbers of naturalized aliens are some Australian states (with New South Wales being the richest on this continent) and several North American regions (of which California with 1753 naturalized plant species represents the world’s richest region in terms of naturalized alien vascular plants). England, Japan, New Zealand and the Hawaiian archipelago harbour most naturalized plants among islands or island groups. These regions also form the main hotspots of the regional levels of naturalization, measured as the percentage of naturalized aliens in the total flora of the region. Such hotspots of relative naturalized species richness appear on both the western and eastern coasts of North America, in north-western Europe, South Africa, south-eastern Australia, New Zealand, and India. High levels of island invasions by naturalized plants are concentrated in the Pacific, but also occur on individual islands across all oceans. The numbers of naturalized species are closely correlated with those of native species, with a stronger correlation and steeper increase for islands than mainland regions, indicating a greater vulnerability of islands to invasion by species that become successfully naturalized. South Africa, India, California, Cuba, Florida, Queensland and Japan have the highest numbers of invasive species. Regions in temperate and tropical zonobiomes harbour in total 9036 and 6774 naturalized species, respectively, followed by 3280 species naturalized in the Mediterranean zonobiome, 3057 in the subtropical zonobiome and 321 in the Arctic. The New World is richer in naturalized alien plants, with 9905 species compared to 7923 recorded in the Old World. While isolation is the key factor driving the level of naturalization on islands, zonobiomes differing in climatic regimes, and socioeconomy represented by per capita GDP, are central for mainland regions. The 11 most widely distributed species each occur in regions covering about one third of the globe or more in terms of the number of regions where they are naturalized and at least 35% of the Earth’s land surface in terms of those regions’ areas, with the most widely distributed species Sonchus oleraceus occuring in 48% of the regions that cover 42% of the world area. Other widely distributed species are Ricinus communis, Oxalis corniculata, Portulaca oleracea, Eleusine indica, Chenopodium album, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Stellaria media, Bidens pilosa, Datura stramonium and Echinochloa crus-galli. Using the occurrence as invasive rather than only naturalized yields a different ranking, with Lantana camara (120 regions out of 349 for which data on invasive status are known), Calotropis procera (118), Eichhornia crassipes (113), Sonchus oleraceus (108) and Leucaena leucocephala (103) on top. As to the life-history spectra, islands harbour more naturalized woody species (34.4%) thanmainland regions (29.5%), and fewer annual herbs (18.7% compared to 22.3%). Ranking families by their absolute numbers of naturalized species reveals that Compositae (1343 species), Poaceae (1267) and Leguminosae (1189) contribute most to the global naturalized alien flora. Some families are disproportionally represented by naturalized aliens on islands (Arecaceae, Araceae, Acanthaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae, Convolvulaceae, Rubiaceae, Malvaceae), and much fewer so on mainland (e.g. Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Boraginaceae). Relating the numbers of naturalized species in a family to its total global richness shows that some of the large species-rich families are over-represented among naturalized aliens (e.g. Poaceae, Leguminosae, Rosaceae, Amaranthaceae, Pinaceae), some under-represented (e.g. Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae), whereas the one richest in naturalized species, Compositae, reaches a value expected from its global species richness. Significant phylogenetic signal indicates that families with an increased potential of their species to naturalize are not distributed randomly on the evolutionary tree. Solanum (112 species), Euphorbia (108) and Carex (106) are the genera richest in terms of naturalized species; over-represented on islands are Cotoneaster, Juncus, Eucalyptus, Salix, Hypericum, Geranium and Persicaria, while those relatively richer in naturalized species on the mainland are Atriplex, Opuntia, Oenothera, Artemisia, Vicia, Galium and Rosa. The data presented in this paper also point to where information is lacking and set priorities for future data collection. The GloNAF database has potential for designing concerted action to fill such data gaps, and provide a basis for allocating resources most efficiently towards better understanding and management of plant invasions worldwide. KW - alien species KW - distribution KW - Global Naturalized Alien Flora (GloNAF) database KW - invasive species KW - islands KW - life history KW - mainland KW - naturalized species KW - phylogeny KW - plant invasion KW - regional floras KW - species richness KW - taxonomy KW - zonobiome Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.23855/preslia.2017.203 SN - 0032-7786 VL - 89 IS - 3 SP - 203 EP - 274 PB - Czech Botanical Soc. CY - Praha ER - TY - GEN A1 - Plauth, Max A1 - Sterz, Christoph A1 - Eberhardt, Felix A1 - Feinbube, Frank A1 - Polze, Andreas T1 - Assessing NUMA performance based on hardware event counters T2 - IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium Workshops (IPDPSW) N2 - Cost models play an important role for the efficient implementation of software systems. These models can be embedded in operating systems and execution environments to optimize execution at run time. Even though non-uniform memory access (NUMA) architectures are dominating today's server landscape, there is still a lack of parallel cost models that represent NUMA system sufficiently. Therefore, the existing NUMA models are analyzed, and a two-step performance assessment strategy is proposed that incorporates low-level hardware counters as performance indicators. To support the two-step strategy, multiple tools are developed, all accumulating and enriching specific hardware event counter information, to explore, measure, and visualize these low-overhead performance indicators. The tools are showcased and discussed alongside specific experiments in the realm of performance assessment. KW - Parallel programming KW - Performance analysis KW - Memory management Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-0-7695-6149-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/IPDPSW.2017.51 SN - 2164-7062 SP - 904 EP - 913 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers CY - New York ER - TY - GEN A1 - Torkura, Kennedy A. A1 - Sukmana, Muhammad Ihsan Haikal A1 - Cheng, Feng A1 - Meinel, Christoph T1 - Leveraging cloud native design patterns for security-as-a-service applications T2 - IEEE International Conference on Smart Cloud (SmartCloud) N2 - This paper discusses a new approach for designing and deploying Security-as-a-Service (SecaaS) applications using cloud native design patterns. Current SecaaS approaches do not efficiently handle the increasing threats to computer systems and applications. For example, requests for security assessments drastically increase after a high-risk security vulnerability is disclosed. In such scenarios, SecaaS applications are unable to dynamically scale to serve requests. A root cause of this challenge is employment of architectures not specifically fitted to cloud environments. Cloud native design patterns resolve this challenge by enabling certain properties e.g. massive scalability and resiliency via the combination of microservice patterns and cloud-focused design patterns. However adopting these patterns is a complex process, during which several security issues are introduced. In this work, we investigate these security issues, we redesign and deploy a monolithic SecaaS application using cloud native design patterns while considering appropriate, layered security counter-measures i.e. at the application and cloud networking layer. Our prototype implementation out-performs traditional, monolithic applications with an average Scanner Time of 6 minutes, without compromising security. Our approach can be employed for designing secure, scalable and performant SecaaS applications that effectively handle unexpected increase in security assessment requests. KW - Cloud-Security KW - Security-as-a-Service KW - Vulnerability Assessment KW - Cloud Native Applications Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-1-5386-3684-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartCloud.2017.21 SP - 90 EP - 97 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ette, Ottmar T1 - Welterleben/Weiterleben BT - On Vectopia in Georg Forster, Alexander von Humboldt, and Adelbert von Chamisso JF - Daphnis : Zeitschrift für mittlere deutsche Literatur N2 - Welterleben and Weiterleben are what determine the second globalization (of four previously explored) whose constantly accelerating dynamic, vectorization, this essay explores. On the basis of selected writings of Georg Forster, Alexander von Humboldt, and Adelbert von Chamisso, the author highlights the increasing speed with which knowledge, especially in the experiential sciences, is produced and disseminated following the routes of ever-widening trade speeded along by globalization. The notion of ‘vectopia’ stands for the connection of utopia and uchronia in space and time in such a way that the experience of the world, expanded worldwide, contains within it a Weiter-Leben, a ‘living-further’ that is to be understood first in a spatial, and not yet temporal, sense, of what Forster called Erfahrungswissen, or ‘experiential knowledge.’ Vectopia, as elaborated here, has a material dimension that relates to the physical person, the body, the experience of the world that cannot occur without the constant changing of place, without a journeying that is again and again recommenced. Vectopia develops the projection of a life not from space or from time alone, but by their combination. Vectopia is more than a concept, it is a thought-figure: it is vitally connected to life, and thus a life-figure. It opens itself to a type of knowledge that stands almost at the threshold of a further life, indeed, of a Weiterleben that, opening itself to a ‘living-onward,’ resides beyond space, time, and movement. KW - travel literature KW - transdisciplinary KW - accelerated globalization KW - experiential knowledge KW - Weiter-Leben Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1163/18796583-04503002 SN - 0300-693X SN - 1879-6583 VL - 45 IS - 3-4 SP - 343 EP - 388 PB - Editions Rodopi BV CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Limberger, Daniel A1 - Scheibel, Willy A1 - Trapp, Matthias A1 - Döllner, Jürgen Roland Friedrich T1 - Mixed-projection treemaps BT - a novel approach mixing 2D and 2.5D treemaps T2 - 21st International Conference Information Visualisation (IV) N2 - This paper presents a novel technique for combining 2D and 2.5D treemaps using multi-perspective views to leverage the advantages of both treemap types. It enables a new form of overview+detail visualization for tree-structured data and contributes new concepts for real-time rendering of and interaction with treemaps. The technique operates by tilting the graphical elements representing inner nodes using affine transformations and animated state transitions. We explain how to mix orthogonal and perspective projections within a single treemap. Finally, we show application examples that benefit from the reduced interaction overhead. KW - Information Visualization KW - Overview plus Detail KW - Treemaps KW - 2.5D Treemaps KW - Multi-perspective Views Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-1-5386-0831-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/iV.2017.67 SN - 2375-0138 SP - 164 EP - 169 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers CY - Los Alamitos ER - TY - GEN A1 - Saint-Dizier, Patrick A1 - Stede, Manfred T1 - Foundations of the language of argumentation T2 - Argument & computation Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/AAC-170018 SN - 1946-2166 SN - 1946-2174 VL - 8 IS - 2 Special issue SP - 91 EP - 93 PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Waldrip, Steven H. A1 - Niven, Robert K. A1 - Abel, Markus A1 - Schlegel, Michael T1 - Consistent maximum entropy representations of pipe flow networks T2 - AIP conference proceedings N2 - The maximum entropy method is used to predict flows on water distribution networks. This analysis extends the water distribution network formulation of Waldrip et al. (2016) Journal of Hydraulic Engineering (ASCE), by the use of a continuous relative entropy defined on a reduced parameter set. This reduction in the parameters that the entropy is defined over ensures consistency between different representations of the same network. The performance of the proposed reduced parameter method is demonstrated with a one-loop network case study. Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-0-7354-1527-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4985365 SN - 0094-243X VL - 1853 IS - 1 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville ER - TY - GEN A1 - Waldrip, Steven H. A1 - Niven, Robert K. A1 - Abel, Markus A1 - Schlegel, Michael T1 - Maximum entropy analysis of transport networks T2 - AIP conference proceedings N2 - The maximum entropy method is used to derive an alternative gravity model for a transport network. The proposed method builds on previous methods which assign the discrete value of a maximum entropy distribution to equal the traffic flow rate. The proposed method however, uses a distribution to represent each flow rate. The proposed method is shown to be able to handle uncertainty in a more elegant way and give similar results to traditional methods. It is able to incorporate more of the observed data through the entropy function, prior distribution and integration limits potentially allowing better inferences to be made. Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-0-7354-1527-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4985364 SN - 0094-243X VL - 1853 IS - 1 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hartig, Olaf A1 - Pirrò, Giuseppe T1 - SPARQL with property paths on the Web JF - Semantic web N2 - Linked Data on the Web represents an immense source of knowledge suitable to be automatically processed and queried. In this respect, there are different approaches for Linked Data querying that differ on the degree of centralization adopted. On one hand, the SPARQL query language, originally defined for querying single datasets, has been enhanced with features to query federations of datasets; however, this attempt is not sufficient to cope with the distributed nature of data sources available as Linked Data. On the other hand, extensions or variations of SPARQL aim to find trade-offs between centralized and fully distributed querying. The idea is to partially move the computational load from the servers to the clients. Despite the variety and the relative merits of these approaches, as of today, there is no standard language for querying Linked Data on theWeb. A specific requirement for such a language to capture the distributed, graph-like nature of Linked Data sources on the Web is a support of graph navigation. Recently, SPARQL has been extended with a navigational feature called property paths (PPs). However, the semantics of SPARQL restricts the scope of navigation via PPs to single RDF graphs. This restriction limits the applicability of PPs for querying distributed Linked Data sources on the Web. To fill this gap, in this paper we provide formal foundations for evaluating PPs on the Web, thus contributing to the definition of a query language for Linked Data. We first introduce a family of reachability-based query semantics for PPs that distinguish between navigation on the Web and navigation at the data level. Thereafter, we consider another, alternative query semantics that couples Web graph navigation and data level navigation; we call it context-based semantics. Given these semantics, we find that for some PP-based SPARQL queries a complete evaluation on the Web is not possible. To study this phenomenon we introduce a notion of Web-safeness of queries, and prove a decidable syntactic property that enables systems to identify queries that areWeb-safe. In addition to establishing these formal foundations, we conducted an experimental comparison of the context-based semantics and a reachability- based semantics. Our experiments show that when evaluating a PP-based query under the context-based semantics one experiences a significantly smaller number of dereferencing operations, but the computed query result may contain less solutions. KW - Property paths KW - Web navigational language KW - Web safeness KW - SPARQL Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/SW-160237 SN - 1570-0844 SN - 2210-4968 VL - 8 IS - 6 SP - 773 EP - 795 PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kügler, Frank T1 - Tone and intonation in Akan T2 - Intonation in African Tone Languages N2 - This chapter provides an account of the intonation patterns in Akan (Kwa, Niger-Congo). Tonal processes such as downstep, tonal spreading and tonal replacement influence the surface tone pattern of a sentence. In general, any Akan utterance independent of sentence type shows a characteristic down-trend in pitch. This chapter proposes that Akan employs a simple post-lexical tonal grammar that accounts for the shapes of an intonation contour. The unmarked post-lexical structure is found in simple declaratives. The downward trend of an intonation contour is shaped by local tonal interactions (downstep), and sentence-final tonal neutralization. In polar questions, an iota-phrase-final low boundary tone (L%) accounts for the intensity increase and lengthening of the final vowel compared to a declarative. Complex declaratives and left-dislocations show a partial pitch reset at the left edge of an embedded iota-phrase. Underlying lexical tones are not affected by intonation with the exception of sentence-final H-tones. KW - downstep KW - low boundary tone KW - polar question KW - constituent question KW - imperative KW - complex declarative KW - Akan KW - pitch register reset KW - prosodic phrasing KW - tonal neutralization KW - avoidance KW - lax question prosody Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-3-11-050352-4; 978-3-11-048479-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110503524-004 SN - 1861-4191 VL - 24 SP - 89 EP - 129 PB - De Gruyter Mouton CY - Berlin ER - TY - GEN A1 - Gronau, Norbert A1 - Ullrich, André A1 - Teichmann, Malte T1 - Development of the industrial IoT competences in the areas of organization, process, and interaction based on the learning factory concept T2 - Procedia manufacturing N2 - Lately, first implementation approaches of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies penetrate industrial value-adding processes. Within this, the competence requirements for employees are changing. Employees’ organization, process, and interaction competences are of crucial importance in this new IoT environment, however, in students and vocational training not sufficiently considered yet. On the other hand, conventional learning factories evolve and transform to digital learning factories. Nevertheless, the integration of IoT technology and its usage for training in digital learning factories has been largely neglected thus far. Existing learning factories do not explicitly and properly consider IoT technology, which leads to deficiencies regarding an appropriate development of employees’ Industrial IoT competences. The goal of this contribution is to point out a didactic concept that enables development and training of these new demanded competences by using an IoT laboratory. For this purpose, a design science approach is applied. The result of this contribution is a didactic concept for the development of Industrial IoT competences in an IoT laboratory. KW - Digital Learning Factory KW - Industrial IoT Competences KW - Student Training KW - Vocational Training Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2017.04.029 SN - 2351-9789 VL - 9 SP - 254 EP - 261 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paramonov, Guennaddi K. A1 - Kühn, Oliver A1 - Bandrauk, André D. T1 - Excitation of H+ 2 with one-cycle laser pulses BT - shaped post-laser-field electronic oscillations, generation of higher- and lower-order harmonics JF - Molecular physics : MP ; an international journal in the field of chemical physics N2 - Non-Born–Oppenheimer quantum dynamics of H+ 2 excited by shaped one-cycle laser pulses linearly polarised along the molecular axis have been studied by the numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation within a three-dimensional model, including the internuclear separation, R, and the electron coordinates z and ρ. Laser carrier frequencies corresponding to the wavelengths λ l = 25 nm through λ l = 400 nm were used and the amplitudes of the pulses were chosen such that the energy of H+ 2 was close to its dissociation threshold at the end of any laser pulse applied. It is shown that there exists a characteristic oscillation frequency ωosc ≃ 0.2265 au (corresponding to the period of τosc ≃ 0.671 fs and the wavelength of λosc ≃ 201 nm) that manifests itself as a ‘carrier’ frequency of temporally shaped oscillations of the time-dependent expectation values ⟨z ⟩ and ⟨∂V/∂z ⟩ that emerge at the ends of the laser pulses and exist on a timescale of at least 50 fs. Time-dependent expectation values ⟨ρ⟩ and ⟨∂V /∂ρ⟩ of the optically passive degree of freedom, ρ, demonstrate post-laser-field oscillations at two basic frequencies ωρ 1 ≈ ωosc and ωρ 2 ≈ 2ωosc. Power spectra associated with the electronic motion show higher- and lower-order harmonics with respect to the driving field. KW - One-cycle laser pulses KW - post-laser-field electronic oscillations KW - generation of higher and lower harmonics Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/00268976.2017.1288938 SN - 0026-8976 SN - 1362-3028 VL - 115 IS - 15/16 SP - 1846 EP - 1860 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiemers, Michael A1 - Bekkering, Harold A1 - Lindemann, Oliver T1 - Is more always up? BT - evidence for a preference of hand-based associations over vertical number mappings JF - Journal of cognitive psychology N2 - It has been argued that the association of numbers and vertical space plays a fundamental role for the understanding of numerical concepts. However, convincing evidence for an association of numbers and vertical bimanual responses is still lacking. The present study tests the vertical Spatio-Numerical-Association-of-Response-Codes (SNARC) effect in a number classification task by comparing anatomical hand-based and spatial associations. A mixed effects model of linear spatial-numerical associations revealed no evidence for a vertical but clear support for an anatomical SNARC effect. Only if the task requirements prevented participants from using a number-hand association due to frequently alternating hand-to-button assignments, numbers were associated with the vertical dimension. Taken together, the present findings question the importance of vertical associations for the conceptual understanding of numerical magnitude as hypothesised by some embodied approaches to number cognition and suggest a preference for ego-over geocentric reference frames for the mapping of numbers onto space. KW - SNARC effect KW - embodied numerosity KW - numerical cognition Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2017.1302451 SN - 2044-5911 SN - 2044-592X VL - 29 IS - 5 SP - 642 EP - 652 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richter, Philipp ED - Fox, Andrew J. ED - Davé, Romeel T1 - Gas accretion onto the Milky Way JF - Astrophysics and space science library N2 - The Milky Way is surrounded by large amounts of gaseous matter that are slowly being accreted over cosmic timescales to support star formation in the disk. The corresponding gas-accretion rate represents a key parameter for the past, present, and future evolution of the Milky Way. In this chapter, we discuss our current understanding of gas accretion processes in the Galaxy by reviewing past and recent observational and theoretical studies. The first part of this review deals with the spatial distribution of the different gas phases in the Milky Way halo, the origin of the gas, and its total mass. The second part discusses the gas dynamics and the physical processes that regulate the gas flow from the outer Galactic halo to the disk. From the most recent studies follows that the present-day gas accretion rate of the Milky Way is a few solar masses per year, which is sufficient to maintain the Galaxy’s star-formation rate at its current level. Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-3-319-52512-9 SN - 978-3-319-52511-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52512-9_2 SN - 0067-0057 VL - 430 SP - 15 EP - 47 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kay, Alex James T1 - Disagreement is fine. Misrepresentation is not BT - response to John Morello T2 - The international history review Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2017.1354547 SN - 0707-5332 SN - 1949-6540 VL - 39 SP - 929 EP - 930 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - GEN A1 - Giese, Holger ED - Kouchnarenko, Olga ED - Khosravi, Ramtin T1 - Formal models and analysis for self-adaptive cyber-physical systems BT - (extended abstract) T2 - Lecture notes in computer science N2 - In this extended abstract, we will analyze the current challenges for the envisioned Self-Adaptive CPS. In addition, we will outline our results to approach these challenges with SMARTSOS [10] a generic approach based on extensions of graph transformation systems employing open and adaptive collaborations and models at runtime for trustworthy self-adaptation, self-organization, and evolution of the individual systems and the system-of-systems level taking the independent development, operation, management, and evolution of these systems into account. Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-3-319-57666-4 SN - 978-3-319-57665-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57666-4_1 SN - 0302-9743 SN - 1611-3349 VL - 10231 SP - 3 EP - 9 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - GEN A1 - Serth, Sebastian A1 - Podlesny, Nikolai A1 - Bornstein, Marvin A1 - Lindemann, Jan A1 - Latt, Johanna A1 - Selke, Jan A1 - Schlosser, Rainer A1 - Boissier, Martin A1 - Uflacker, Matthias T1 - An interactive platform to simulate dynamic pricing competition on online marketplaces T2 - 2017 IEEE 21st International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference (EDOC) N2 - E-commerce marketplaces are highly dynamic with constant competition. While this competition is challenging for many merchants, it also provides plenty of opportunities, e.g., by allowing them to automatically adjust prices in order to react to changing market situations. For practitioners however, testing automated pricing strategies is time-consuming and potentially hazardously when done in production. Researchers, on the other side, struggle to study how pricing strategies interact under heavy competition. As a consequence, we built an open continuous time framework to simulate dynamic pricing competition called Price Wars. The microservice-based architecture provides a scalable platform for large competitions with dozens of merchants and a large random stream of consumers. Our platform stores each event in a distributed log. This allows to provide different performance measures enabling users to compare profit and revenue of various repricing strategies in real-time. For researchers, price trajectories are shown which ease evaluating mutual price reactions of competing strategies. Furthermore, merchants can access historical marketplace data and apply machine learning. By providing a set of customizable, artificial merchants, users can easily simulate both simple rule-based strategies as well as sophisticated data-driven strategies using demand learning to optimize their pricing strategies. Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-1-5090-3045-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOC.2017.17 SN - 2325-6354 SP - 61 EP - 66 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seiffert, Martin A1 - Holstein, Flavio A1 - Schlosser, Rainer A1 - Schiller, Jochen T1 - Next generation cooperative wearables BT - generalized activity assessment computed fully distributed with in a wireless body area network JF - IEEE access : practical research, open solutions N2 - Currently available wearables are usually based on a single sensor node with integrated capabilities for classifying different activities. The next generation of cooperative wearables could be able to identify not only activities, but also to evaluate them qualitatively using the data of several sensor nodes attached to the body, to provide detailed feedback for the improvement of the execution. Especially within the application domains of sports and health-care, such immediate feedback to the execution of body movements is crucial for (re-) learning and improving motor skills. To enable such systems for a broad range of activities, generalized approaches for human motion assessment within sensor networks are required. In this paper, we present a generalized trainable activity assessment chain (AAC) for the online assessment of periodic human activity within a wireless body area network. AAC evaluates the execution of separate movements of a prior trained activity on a fine-grained quality scale. We connect qualitative assessment with human knowledge by projecting the AAC on the hierarchical decomposition of motion performed by the human body as well as establishing the assessment on a kinematic evaluation of biomechanically distinct motion fragments. We evaluate AAC in a real-world setting and show that AAC successfully delimits the movements of correctly performed activity from faulty executions and provides detailed reasons for the activity assessment. KW - Body sensor networks KW - distributed computing KW - motion analysis KW - physical activity assessment KW - biomechanics KW - multilevel systems Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2749005 SN - 2169-3536 VL - 5 SP - 16793 EP - 16807 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers CY - Piscataway ER - TY - GEN A1 - Low, Thomas A1 - Hentschel, Christian A1 - Stober, Sebastian A1 - Sack, Harald A1 - Nürnberger, Andreas ED - Amsaleg, Laurent ED - Guðmundsson, Gylfi Þór ED - Gurrin, Cathal ED - Jónsson, Björn Þór ED - Satoh, Shin'ichi T1 - Exploring large movie collections BT - comparing visual berrypicking and traditional browsing T2 - Lecture notes in computer science N2 - We compare Visual Berrypicking, an interactive approach allowing users to explore large and highly faceted information spaces using similarity-based two-dimensional maps, with traditional browsing techniques. For large datasets, current projection methods used to generate maplike overviews suffer from increased computational costs and a loss of accuracy resulting in inconsistent visualizations. We propose to interactively align inexpensive small maps, showing local neighborhoods only, which ideally creates the impression of panning a large map. For evaluation, we designed a web-based prototype for movie exploration and compared it to the web interface of The Movie Database (TMDb) in an online user study. Results suggest that users are able to effectively explore large movie collections by hopping from one neighborhood to the next. Additionally, due to the projection of movie similarities, interesting links between movies can be found more easily, and thus, compared to browsing serendipitous discoveries are more likely. KW - Exploratory interfaces KW - Media retrieval KW - Multidimensional scaling KW - User study Y1 - 2016 SN - 978-3-319-51814-5 SN - 978-3-319-51813-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51814-5_17 SN - 0302-9743 SN - 1611-3349 VL - 10133 SP - 198 EP - 208 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wieczorek, Mareike A1 - Kolmogorov, Alexei A1 - Kruse, Stefan A1 - Jacobsen, Inga A1 - Nitze, Ingmar A1 - Nikolaev, Anatoly N. A1 - Heinrich, Ingo A1 - Pestryakova, Luidmila Agafyevna A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike T1 - Disturbance-effects on treeline larch-stands in the lower Kolyma River area (NE Siberia) JF - Silva Fennica : a quarterly journal for forest science N2 - Tree stands in the boreal treeline ecotone are, in addition to climate change, impacted by disturbances such as fire, water-related disturbances and logging. We aim to understand how these disturbances affect growth, age structure, and spatial patterns of larch stands in the north-eastern Siberian treeline ecotone (lower Kolyma River region), an insufficiently researched region. Stand structure of Larix cajanderi Mayr was studied at seven sites impacted by disturbances. Maximum tree age ranged from 44 to 300 years. Young to medium-aged stands had, independent of disturbance type, the highest stand densities with over 4000 larch trees per ha. These sites also had the highest growth rates for tree height and stem diameter. Overall lowest stand densities were found in a polygonal field at the northern end of the study area, with larches growing in distinct " tree islands". At all sites, saplings are significantly clustered. Differences in fire severity led to contrasting stand structures with respect to tree, recruit, and overall stand densities. While a low severity fire resulted in low-density stands with high proportions of small and young larches, high severity fires resulted in high-density stands with high proportions of big trees. At waterdisturbed sites, stand structure varied between waterlogged and drained sites and latitude. These mixed effects of climate and disturbance make it difficult to predict future stand characteristics and the treeline position. KW - treeline KW - Larix cajanderi KW - Siberia KW - fire KW - stand structure Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.1666 SN - 0037-5330 SN - 2242-4075 VL - 51 IS - 3 PB - The Finnish Society of Forest Science CY - Helsinki ER - TY - GEN A1 - Fraschetti, Federico A1 - Pohl, Martin T1 - Two-zone model for the broadband crab nebula spectrum BT - microscopic interpretation T2 - The European physical journal : Web of Conferences : proceedings N2 - We develop a simple two-zone interpretation of the broadband baseline Crab nebula spectrum between 10(-5) eV and similar to 100 TeV by using two distinct log-parabola energetic electrons distributions. We determine analytically the very-high energy photon spectrum as originated by inverse-Compton scattering of the far-infrared soft ambient photons within the nebula off a first population of electrons energized at the nebula termination shock. The broad and flat 200 GeV peak jointly observed by Fermi/LAT and MAGIC is naturally reproduced. The synchrotron radiation from a second energetic electron population explains the spectrum from the radio range up to similar to 10 keV. We infer from observations the energy dependence of the microscopic probability of remaining in proximity of the shock of the accelerating electrons. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201713602009 SN - 2100-014X VL - 136 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoehn, Richard S. A1 - Jernigan, Peter L. A1 - Japtok, Lukasz A1 - Chang, Alex L. A1 - Midura, Emily F. A1 - Caldwell, Charles C. A1 - Kleuser, Burkhard A1 - Lentsch, Alex B. A1 - Edwards, Michael J. A1 - Gulbins, Erich A1 - Pritts, Timothy A. T1 - Acid sphingomyelinase inhibition in stored erythrocytes reduces transfusion-associated lung inflammation JF - Annals of surgery : a monthly review of surgical science and practice N2 - Objective: We aimed to identify the role of the enzyme acid sphingomyelinase in the aging of stored units of packed red blood cells (pRBCs) and subsequent lung inflammation after transfusion. Summary Background Data: Large volume pRBC transfusions are associated with multiple adverse clinical sequelae, including lung inflammation. Microparticles are formed in stored pRBCs over time and have been shown to contribute to lung inflammation after transfusion. Methods: Human and murine pRBCs were stored with or without amitriptyline, a functional inhibitor of acid sphingomyelinase, or obtained from acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice, and lung inflammation was studied in mice receiving transfusions of pRBCs and microparticles isolated from these units. Results: Acid sphingomyelinase activity in pRBCs was associated with the formation of ceramide and the release of microparticles. Treatment of pRBCs with amitriptyline inhibited acid sphingomyelinase activity, ceramide accumulation, and microparticle production during pRBC storage. Transfusion of aged pRBCs or microparticles isolated from aged blood into mice caused lung inflammation. This was attenuated after transfusion of pRBCs treated with amitriptyline or from acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mice. Conclusions: Acid sphingomyelinase inhibition in stored pRBCs offers a novel mechanism for improving the quality of stored blood. KW - acid sphingomyelinase KW - blood banking KW - ceramide KW - lung inflammation KW - microparticle Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000001648 SN - 0003-4932 SN - 1528-1140 VL - 265 IS - 1 SP - 218 EP - 226 PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yang, Xiaoping A1 - Darko, Kwame Oteng A1 - Huang, Yanjun A1 - He, Caimei A1 - Yang, Huansheng A1 - He, Shanping A1 - Li, Jianzhong A1 - Li, Jian A1 - Hocher, Berthold A1 - Yin, Yulong T1 - Resistant starch regulates gut microbiota BT - structure, biochemistry and cell signalling JF - Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology N2 - Starch is one of the most popular nutritional sources for both human and animals. Due to the variation of its nutritional traits and biochemical specificities, starch has been classified into rapidly digestible, slowly digestible and resistant starch. Resistant starch has its own unique chemical structure, and various forms of resistant starch are commercially available. It has been found being a multiple-functional regulator for treating metabolic dysfunction. Different functions of resistant starch such as modulation of the gut microbiota, gut peptides, circulating growth factors, circulating inflammatory mediators have been characterized by animal studies and clinical trials. In this mini-review, recent remarkable progress in resistant starch on gut microbiota, particularly the effect of structure, biochemistry and cell signaling on nutrition has been summarized, with highlights on its regulatory effect on gut microbiota. KW - Resistant starch KW - Gut microbiota KW - Nutrition Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1159/000477386 SN - 1015-8987 SN - 1421-9778 VL - 42 IS - 1 SP - 306 EP - 318 PB - Karger CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - He, Jing A1 - Liu, Zhi-Wei A1 - Lu, Yong-Ping A1 - Li, Tao-Yuan A1 - Liang, Xu-Jing A1 - Arck, Petra A1 - Huang, Si-Min A1 - Hocher, Berthold A1 - Chen, You-Peng T1 - A systematic review and meta-analysis of influenza a virus infection during pregnancy associated with an increased risk for stillbirth and low birth weight JF - Kidney & blood pressure research : official organ of the Gesellschaft für Nephrologie ; official organ of the Deutsche Liga zur Bekämpfung des Hohen Blutdruckes e.V., Deutsche Hypertonie-Gesellschaft N2 - Background/Aims: Impaired pregnancy outcomes, such as low birth weight are associated with increased disease risk in later life, however little is known about the impact of common infectious diseases during pregnancy on birth weight. The study had two aims: a) to investigate risk factors of influenza virus infection during pregnancy, and b) to analyze the impact of influenza virus infection on pregnancy outcome, especially birth weight. Methods: Prospective and retrospective observational studies found in PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, and WangFang database were included in this meta analysis. Data of included studies was extracted and analyzed by the RevMan software. Results: Pregnant women with anemia (P=0.004, RR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.13-1.88), obesity (P<0.00001, RR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.25-1.46) and asthma (P<0.00001, RR=1.99, 95% CI: 1.67-2.37) had higher rates of influenza virus infection. Regarding birth outcomes, influenza A virus infection did not affect the likelihood for cesarean section. Mothers with influenza had a higher rate of stillbirth (P=0.04, RR=2.36, 95% CI: 1.05-5.31), and their offspring had low 5-minute APGR Scores (P=0.009, RR=1.39, 95% CI: 1.08-1.79). Furthermore, the rate for birth weight < 2500g (P=0.04, RR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.03-2.84) was increased. Conclusion: Results of this study showed that anemia, asthma and obesity during pregnancy are risk factors influenza A virus infection during pregnancy. Moreover, gestational influenza A infection impairs pregnancy outcomes and increases the risk for low birth weight, a known risk factor for later life disease susceptibility. KW - Apgar score KW - Influenza virus KW - Offspring KW - Outcome KW - Pregnancy KW - Stillbirth KW - Birth weight Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1159/000477221 SN - 1420-4096 SN - 1423-0143 VL - 42 IS - 2 SP - 232 EP - 243 PB - Karger CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reichetzeder, Christoph A1 - Heunisch, Fabian A1 - von Einem, Gina-Franziska A1 - Tsuprykov, Oleg A1 - Kellner, Karl-Heinz A1 - Dschietzig, Thomas A1 - Kretschmer, Axel A1 - Hocher, Berthold T1 - Pre-interventional kynurenine predicts medium-term outcome after contrast media exposure due to coronary angiography JF - Kidney & blood pressure research : official organ of the Gesellschaft für Nephrologie ; official organ of the Deutsche Liga zur Bekämpfung des Hohen Blutdruckes e.V., Deutsche Hypertonie-Gesellschaft N2 - Background/Aims: Contrast induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) remains a serious complication of contrast media enhanced procedures like coronary angiography. There is still a lack of established biomarkers that help to identify patients at high risk for short and long-term complications. The aim of the current study was to evaluate plasma kynurenine as a predictive biomarker for CI-AKI and long-term complications, measured by the combined endpoint "major adverse kidney events" (MAKE) up to 120 days after CM application. Methods: In this prospective cohort study 245 patients undergoing coronary angiography were analyzed. Blood samples were obtained at baseline, 24h and 48h after contrast media (CM) application to diagnose CI-AKI. Patients were followed for 120 days for adverse clinical events including death, the need for dialysis, and a doubling of plasma creatinine. Occurrence of any of these events was summarized in the combined endpoint MAKE. Results: Preinterventional plasma kynurenine was not associated with CI-AKI. Patients who later developed MAKE displayed significantly increased preinterventional plasma kynurenine levels (p<0.0001). ROC analysis revealed that preinterventional kynurenine is highly predictive for MAKE (AUC=0.838; p<0.0001). The optimal cutoff was found at >= 3.5 mu mol/L. Using this cutoff, the Kaplan-Meier estimator demonstrated that concentrations of plasma kynurenine >= 3.5 mu mol/L were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of MAKE until follow up (p<0.0001). This association remained significant in multivariate Cox regression models adjusted for relevant factors of long-term renal outcome. Conclusion: Preinterventional plasma kynurenine might serve as a highly predictive biomarker for MAKE up to 120 days after coronary angiography. KW - Contrast induced acute kidney injury KW - Coronary angiography KW - Major adverse kidney event KW - Kynurenine KW - Preinterventional biomarker Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1159/000477222 SN - 1420-4096 SN - 1423-0143 VL - 42 IS - 2 SP - 244 EP - 256 PB - Karger CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xu, Mei A1 - Lu, Yong-Ping A1 - Hasan, Ahmed A. A1 - Hocher, Berthold T1 - Plasma ET-1 concentrations are elevated in patients with hypertension meta-analysis of clinical studies JF - Kidney & blood pressure research : official organ of the Gesellschaft für Nephrologie ; official organ of the Deutsche Liga zur Bekämpfung des Hohen Blutdruckes e.V., Deutsche Hypertonie-Gesellschaft N2 - Background/Aims: A recent study revealed that global overexpression of ET-1 causes a slight reduction in systemic blood pressure. Moreover, heterozygous ET-1 knockout mice are hypertensive. The role of ET-1 in human hypertension was so far not addressed by a strict meta-analysis of published human clinical studies. Methods: We included studies published between January 1, 1990 and February 28, 2017. We included case control studies analyzing untreated essential hypertension or hypertensive patients where antihypertensive medication was discontinued for at least two weeks. Based on the principle of Cochrane systematic reviews, case control studies (CCSs) in PubMed (Medline) and Google Scholar designed to identify the role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the pathophysiological of hypertension were screened. Review Manager Version 5.0 (Rev-Man 5.0) was applied for statistical analysis. Mean difference and 95% confidence interval (CI) were shown in inverse variance (IV) fixed-effects model or IV random-effects models. Results: Eleven studies fulfilling our in-and exclusion criteria were eligible for this meta-analysis. These studies included 450 hypertensive patients and 328 controls. Our meta-analysis revealed that ET-1 plasma concentrations were higher in hypertensive patients as compared to the control patients [mean difference between groups 1.57 pg/mL, 95%Ci [0.47 similar to 2.68, P = 0.005]. These finding were driven by patients having systolic blood pressure higher than 160 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure higher than 100 mmHg. Conclusions: This meta-analysis showed that hypertensive patients do have elevated plasma ET-1 concentrations. This finding is driven by those patients with high systolic/diastolic blood pressure. Given that the ET-1 gene did not appear in any of the whole genome association studies searching for hypertension associated gene loci, it is very likely that the elevated plasma ET-1 concentrations in hypertensive patients are secondary to hypertension and may reflect endothelial cell damage. KW - Hypertension KW - ET-1 KW - Meta-analysis Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1159/000477572 SN - 1420-4096 SN - 1423-0143 VL - 42 IS - 2 SP - 304 EP - 313 PB - Karger CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weck, Florian A1 - Witthöft, Michael T1 - Context effects in the evaluation of bodily symptoms BT - comparing three versions of the health norms sorting task JF - Journal of experimental psychopathology N2 - The illness-related evaluation of bodily symptoms is considered to be an important maintaining factor in somatoform disorders. However, little is known about context variables that could influence this evaluation process. In the current study, participants completed three versions of the Health Norms Sorting Task (HNST) and evaluated bodily symptoms in different contexts (i.e., different evaluation perspectives and time frames of evaluation). Additionally, the three HNST versions were presented in different orders. Bodily symptoms were evaluated more often as a sign of illness when a specific time frame (i.e., one week) was given. However, this context effect was only large when participants had previously evaluated symptoms existing without a concrete duration. Thus, previously completed symptom evaluations appear to represent an important frame of reference in terms of a cue that makes specific context variables salient. The results further suggested that these cueing effects might be less relevant for participants with elevated somatic symptom reports. KW - context effects KW - Health Norms Sorting Task KW - somatic symptom disorder KW - symptom evaluation Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5127/jep.054216 SN - 2043-8087 VL - 8 SP - 241 EP - 251 PB - Sage Publishing CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Omotosho, Adebayo A1 - Emuoyibofarhe, Justice A1 - Meinel, Christoph T1 - Securing e-prescription from medical identity theft using steganography and antiphishing techniques JF - Journal of applied security research N2 - Drug prescription is among the health care process that usually makes references to the patients’ medical and insurance information among other personal data, because this information is very vital and delicate, it should be adequately protected from identity thieves. This article aims at securing Electronic Prescription (EP) in order to minimize patient’s data theft and foster patients’ trust of EP system. This paper presents a steganography and antiphishing technique for preventing medical identity theft in EP. The proposed EP system design focused on the security features in the prescriber and dispensers’ modules of EP by ensuring the prescriber sends the prescription of the patient in a safe manner and to the right dispenser without the interference of fake third parties. Hexadecimal steganography image system is used to cover and secure the sent prescription details. Malicious electronic dispensing system is prevented through an authentication technique where a dispenser uses a captcha together with a one-time password, and the web server encrypted token for prescriber’s device authentication. The steganography system is evaluated using Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). The system implementation results showed that steganography and antiphishing techniques are capable of providing a secure EP systems. KW - Electronic prescription KW - one-time password KW - steganography KW - phishing KW - medical identity theft Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/19361610.2017.1315788 SN - 1936-1610 SN - 1936-1629 VL - 12 SP - 447 EP - 461 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wobbe, Theresa A1 - Renard, Léa A1 - Müller, Katja T1 - Nationale und globale Deutungsmodelle des Geschlechts im arbeitsstatistischen sowie arbeitsrechtlichen Klassifikationssystem BT - ein vergleichstheoretischer Beitrag (1882-1992) JF - Soziale Welt : SozW ; Zeitschrift für sozialwissenschaftliche Forschung und Praxis N2 - Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, welche Relevanz arbeitsstatis-tische und -rechtliche Kategorisierungen im Zeitraum von 1880 bis 1992 für den Wandel der Deu-tungsmodelle des Geschlechts haben. Aus vergleichstheoretischer stellt die Durchsetzung desmodernen Konzepts der Erwerbsarbeit um 1900 im nationalen Kontext und dessen Veränderung aufglobaler Ebene ein spezifisches Ordnungsverfahren dar, das im Mittelpunkt dieses Aufsatzes steht.Auf der Grundlage von zwei Mikrostudien zur Klassifizierung und Reklassifizierung der „Mithel-fenden Familienangehörigen“ und des „Nachtarbeitsverbots“ wird zum einen die Globalisierung derErwerbsarbeit als Beobachtungsschema, zum anderen der Wandel des Deutungsmodells derGeschlechterdifferenz im Zuge transnationaler Vergleichsverfahren erforscht. In dem Beitrag wirddie Auffassung vertreten, dass der Vergleich einen Globalisierungsmechanismus in der Weltgesell-schaft darstellt. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/0038-6073-2017-1-63 SN - 0038-6073 VL - 68 SP - 63 EP - 85 PB - Nomos-Verl.-Ges. CY - Baden-Baden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Musalek, Martin A1 - Kokstejn, Jakub A1 - Papez, Pavel A1 - Scheffler, Christiane A1 - Mumm, Rebekka A1 - Czernitzki, Anna-Franziska A1 - Koziel, Slawomir T1 - Impact of normal weight obesity on fundamental motor skills in pre-school children aged 3 to 6 years JF - Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft für Anthropologie N2 - Normal weight obesity is defined as having excessive body fat, but normal BMI. Even though previous research revealed that excessive body fat in children inhibited their physical activity and decreased motor performance, there has been only little evidence about motor performance of normal weight obese children. This study aims to establish whether normal weight obese pre-school children aged 3-6 years will have a significantly worse level of fundamental motor skills compared to normal weight non-obese counterparts. The research sample consisted of 152 pre-schoolers selected from a specific district of Prague, the Czech Republic. According to values from four skinfolds: triceps, subscapula, suprailiaca, calf, and BMI three categories of children aged 3-6 years were determined: A) normal weight obese n = 51; B) normal weight non-obese n = 52; C) overweight and obese n = 49. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2) was used for the assessment of fundamental motor skills. Normal weight obese children had significantly higher amount of adipose tissue p < 0.001 than normal weight non-obese children but the same average BMI. Moreover, normal weight obese children did not have significantly less amount of subcutaneous fat on triceps and calf compared to their overweight and obese peers. In majority of MABC-2 tests, normal weight obese pre-schoolers showed the poorest performance. Moreover, normal weight obese children had significantly worse total standard score = 38.82 compared to normal weight non-obese peers = 52.27; p < 0.05. In addition, normal weight obese children had a more than three times higher frequency OR = 3.69 CI95% (1.10; 12.35) of severe motor deficit performance <= 5th centile of the MABC-2 norm. These findings are strongly alarming since indices like BMI are not able to identify normal weight obese individual. We recommend verifying real portion of normal weight obese children as they are probably in higher risk of health and motor problems than overweight and obese population due to their low lean mass. KW - normal weight obesity KW - fundamental motor skills KW - MABC-2 KW - performance KW - pre-school children KW - skinfolds KW - adipose tissue KW - lean mass Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2017/0752 SN - 0003-5548 VL - 74 SP - 203 EP - 212 PB - Schweizerbart CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mera, Azal Jaafar Musa A1 - Tarchanov, Nikolaj Nikolaevič T1 - The Neumann Problem after Spencer JF - Žurnal Sibirskogo Federalʹnogo Universiteta = Journal of Siberian Federal University : Matematika i fizika = Mathematics & physics N2 - When trying to extend the Hodge theory for elliptic complexes on compact closed manifolds to the case of compact manifolds with boundary one is led to a boundary value problem for the Laplacian of the complex which is usually referred to as Neumann problem. We study the Neumann problem for a larger class of sequences of differential operators on a compact manifold with boundary. These are sequences of small curvature, i.e., bearing the property that the composition of any two neighbouring operators has order less than two. KW - elliptic complexes KW - manifolds with boundary KW - Hodge theory KW - Neumann problem Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17516/1997-1397-2017-10-4-474-493 SN - 1997-1397 SN - 2313-6022 VL - 10 SP - 474 EP - 493 PB - Sibirskij Federalʹnyj Universitet CY - Krasnojarsk ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mumm, Rebekka A1 - Czernitzki, Anna-Franziska A1 - Bents, Dominik A1 - Musalek, Martin T1 - Socioeconomic situation and growth in infants and juveniles JF - Anthropologischer Anzeiger : journal of biological and clinical anthropology ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft für Anthropologie N2 - Background: Physical growth of children and adolescents depends on the interaction of genetic and environmental factors e.g. diet and living conditions. Aim: We aim to discuss the influence of socioeconomic situation, using income inequality and GDP per capita as indicators, on body height, body weight and the variability of height and weight in infants and juveniles. Material and methods: We re-analyzed data from 439 growth studies on height and weight published during the last 35 years. We added year-and country-matched GDP per capita (in current US$) and the Gini coefficient for each study. The data were divided into two age groups: infants (age 2) and juveniles (age 7). We used Pearson correlation and principal component analysis to investigate the data. Results: Gini coefficient negatively correlated with body height and body weight in infants and juveniles. GDP per capita showed a positive correlation with height and weight in both age groups. In infants the standard deviation of height increases with increasing Gini coefficient. The opposite is true for juveniles. A correlation of weight variability and socioeconomic indicators is absent in infants. In juveniles the variability of weight increases with declining Gini coefficient and increasing logGDP per capita. Discussion: Poverty and income inequality are generally associated with poor growth in height and weight. The analysis of the within-population height and weight variations however, shows that the associations between wealth, income, and anthropometric parameters are very complex and cannot be explained by common wisdom. They point towards an independent regulation of height and weight. KW - socioeconomic situation KW - height KW - weight KW - variability KW - community effect Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2017/0706 SN - 0003-5548 VL - 74 SP - 101 EP - 107 PB - Schweizerbart CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Morgner, Frank A1 - Bennemann, Mark A1 - Cywiński, Piotr J. A1 - Kollosche, Matthias A1 - Górski, Krzysztof A1 - Pietraszkiewicz, Marek A1 - Geßner, André A1 - Löhmannsröben, Hans-Gerd T1 - Elastic FRET sensors for contactless pressure measurement JF - RSC Advances : an international journal to further the chemical sciences N2 - Contactless pressure monitoring based on Forster resonance energy transfer between donor/acceptor pairs immobilized within elastomers is demonstrated. The donor/acceptor energy transfer is employed by dispersing terbium(III) tris[(2-hydroxybenzoyl)-2-aminoethyl] amine complex (LLC, donor) and CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QD655, acceptor) in styrene-ethylene/buthylene-styrene (SEBS) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). The continuous monitoring of QD luminescence showed a reversible intensity change as the pressure signal is alternated between two stable states indicating a pressure sensitivity of 6350 cps kPa(-1). Time-resolved measurements show the pressure impact on the FRET signal due to an increase of decay time (270 ms up to 420 ms) for the donor signal and parallel drop of decay time (170 mu s to 155 mu s) for the acceptor signal as the net pressure applied. The LLC/QD655 sensors enable a contactless readout as well as space resolved monitoring to enable miniaturization towards smaller integrated stretchable opto-electronics. Elastic FRET sensors can potentially lead to developing profitable analysis systems capable to outdo conventional wired electronic systems (inductive, capacitive, ultrasonic and photoelectric sensors) especially for point-of-care diagnostics, biological monitoring required for wearable electronics. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ra06379b SN - 2046-2069 VL - 7 SP - 50578 EP - 50583 PB - RSC Publishing CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hinz, Carsten ED - Banse, Gerhard ED - Apelojg, Benjamin T1 - Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung BT - von der Notwendigkeit einer Integration in die Lehrerbildung JF - Technische Bildung und berufliche Orientierung im Wandel- Rückblick, Einblicke, Ausblicke (Sitzungsberichte Leibniz-Sozietät der Wissenschaften) Y1 - 2017 UR - https://leibnizsozietaet.de/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/20-Carsten-Hinz.pdf VL - 133/134 SP - 167 EP - 175 PB - Trafo CY - Berlin ER - TY - GEN A1 - Renz, Jan A1 - Shams, Ahmed A1 - Meinel, Christoph T1 - Offline-Enabled Web-based E-Learning for Improved User Experience in Africa T2 - 2017 IEEE Africon N2 - Web-based E-Learning uses Internet technologies and digital media to deliver education content to learners. Many universities in recent years apply their capacity in producing Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). They have been offering MOOCs with an expectation of rendering a comprehensive online apprenticeship. Typically, an online content delivery process requires an Internet connection. However, access to the broadband has never been a readily available resource in many regions. In Africa, poor and no networks are yet predominantly experienced by Internet users, frequently causing offline each moment a digital device disconnect from a network. As a result, a learning process is always disrupted, delayed and terminated in such regions. This paper raises the concern of E-Learning in poor and low bandwidths, in fact, it highlights the needs for an Offline-Enabled mode. The paper also explores technical approaches beamed to enhance the user experience inWeb-based E-Learning, particular in Africa. KW - Educational Technology KW - E-Learning KW - Internet KW - Bandwidth KW - Mobile Learning KW - Mobiles KW - MOOC KW - Offline-Enabled KW - Ubiquitous Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-1-5386-2775-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/AFRCON.2017.8095574 SN - 2153-0025 SP - 736 EP - 742 PB - IEEE CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hornick, Thomas A1 - Bach, Lennart T. A1 - Crawfurd, Katharine J. A1 - Spilling, Kristian A1 - Achterberg, Eric P. A1 - Woodhouse, Jason Nicholas A1 - Schulz, Kai G. A1 - Brussaard, Corina P. D. A1 - Riebesell, Ulf A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter T1 - Ocean acidification impacts bacteria-phytoplankton coupling at low-nutrient conditions JF - Biogeosciences N2 - The oceans absorb about a quarter of the annually produced anthropogenic atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), resulting in a decrease in surface water pH, a process termed ocean acidification (OA). Surprisingly little is known about how OA affects the physiology of heterotrophic bacteria or the coupling of heterotrophic bacteria to phytoplankton when nutrients are limited. Previous experiments were, for the most part, undertaken during productive phases or following nutrient additions designed to stimulate algal blooms. Therefore, we performed an in situ large-volume mesocosm (similar to 55 m(3)) experiment in the Baltic Sea by simulating different fugacities of CO2 (fCO(2)) extending from present to future conditions. The study was conducted in July-August after the nominal spring bloom, in order to maintain low-nutrient conditions throughout the experiment. This resulted in phytoplankton communities dominated by small-sized functional groups (picophytoplankton). There was no consistent fCO(2)-induced effect on bacterial protein production (BPP), cell-specific BPP (csBPP) or biovolumes (BVs) of either free-living (FL) or particle-associated (PA) heterotrophic bacteria, when considered as individual components (univariate analyses). Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA) revealed a significant effect of the fCO(2) treatment on entire assemblages of dissolved and particulate nutrients, metabolic parameters and the bacteria-phytoplankton community. However, distance-based linear modelling only identified fCO(2) as a factor explaining the variability observed amongst the microbial community composition, but not for explaining variability within the metabolic parameters. This suggests that fCO(2) impacts on microbial metabolic parameters occurred indirectly through varying physicochemical parameters and microbial species composition. Cluster analyses examining the co-occurrence of different functional groups of bacteria and phytoplankton further revealed a separation of the four fCO(2)-treated mesocosms from both control mesocosms, indicating that complex trophic interactions might be altered in a future acidified ocean. Possible consequences for nutrient cycling and carbon export are still largely unknown, in particular in a nutrient-limited ocean. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1-2017 SN - 1726-4170 SN - 1726-4189 VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rätzel, Dennis A1 - Wilkens, Martin A1 - Menzel, Ralf T1 - Effect of polarization entanglement in photon-photon scattering JF - Physical review : A, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics N2 - It is found that the differential cross section of photon-photon scattering is a function of the degree of polarization entanglement of the two-photon state. A reduced general expression for the differential cross section of photon-photon scattering is derived by applying simple symmetry arguments. An explicit expression is obtained for the example of photon-photon scattering due to virtual electron-positron pairs in quantum electrodynamics. It is shown how the effect in this explicit example can be explained as an effect of quantum interference and that it fits with the idea of distance-dependent forces. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.95.012101 SN - 2469-9926 SN - 2469-9934 VL - 95 IS - 1 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Makhmudov, O. I. A1 - Tarchanov, Nikolaj Nikolaevič T1 - The first mixed problem for the nonstationary Lamé system JF - The Rocky Mountain journal of mathematics N2 - We find an adequate interpretation of the stationary Lam'{e} operator within the framework of elliptic complexes and study the first mixed problem for the nonstationary Lam'{e} system. KW - Lame system KW - evolution equation KW - first boundary value problem Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1216/RMJ-2017-47-8-2731 SN - 0035-7596 SN - 1945-3795 VL - 47 IS - 8 SP - 2731 EP - 2756 PB - Rocky Mountain Mathematics Consortium CY - Tempe ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Muwonge, Charles Magoba A1 - Schiefele, Ulrich A1 - Ssenyonga, Joseph A1 - Kibedi, Henry T1 - Determinants of persistence among science teacher-trainees BT - Examining the role of self-efficacy, task value, and academic hope JF - ournal of science teacher education : official journal of the Association for Science Teacher Education (ASTE) N2 - Grounded in the expectancy-value and hope theories, the present study was conducted to examine the extent to which self-efficacy, task value, and academic hope predict persistence among science teacher-trainees in Uganda. The sample consisted of 278 undergrad- uate science teacher-trainees selected from a large public university in northern Uganda. Data were collected using several scales from the modified Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire, Academic Hope Scale, and College Persistence Questionnaire and analyzed using structural equation modeling. Task value and aca- demic hope significantly predicted students’ persistence. Academic hope made a greater contribution to students’ persistence compared to task value. The combined effect of task value and academic hope did not make any significant contribution to students’ persistence. The study highlights the need to strengthen students’ hopeful think- ing and task value in order to increase their chances of completing their studies. Implications of the study findings for educational practice and for the training of science teacher-trainees are elaborated in the article. KW - Academic hope KW - persistence KW - science teacher-trainees KW - self-efficacy KW - task value Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/1046560X.2017.1379860 SN - 1046-560X SN - 1573-1847 VL - 28 SP - 522 EP - 548 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoffmann, Mathias A1 - Schulz-Hanke, Maximilian A1 - Alba, Juana Garcia A1 - Jurisch, Nicole A1 - Hagemann, Ulrike A1 - Sachs, Torsten A1 - Sommer, Michael A1 - Augustin, Jürgen T1 - A simple calculation algorithm to separate high-resolution CH4 flux measurements into ebullition- and diffusion-derived components JF - Atmospheric measurement techniques : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union N2 - Processes driving the production, transformation and transport of methane (CH4 / in wetland ecosystems are highly complex. We present a simple calculation algorithm to separate open-water CH4 fluxes measured with automatic chambers into diffusion-and ebullition-derived components. This helps to reveal underlying dynamics, to identify potential environmental drivers and, thus, to calculate reliable CH4 emission estimates. The flux separation is based on identification of ebullition-related sudden concentration changes during single measurements. Therefore, a variable ebullition filter is applied, using the lower and upper quartile and the interquartile range (IQR). Automation of data processing is achieved by using an established R script, adjusted for the purpose of CH4 flux calculation. The algorithm was validated by performing a laboratory experiment and tested using flux measurement data (July to September 2013) from a former fen grassland site, which converted into a shallow lake as a result of rewetting. Ebullition and diffusion contributed equally (46 and 55 %) to total CH4 emissions, which is comparable to ratios given in the literature. Moreover, the separation algorithm revealed a concealed shift in the diurnal trend of diffusive fluxes throughout the measurement period. The water temperature gradient was identified as one of the major drivers of diffusive CH4 emissions, whereas no significant driver was found in the case of erratic CH4 ebullition events. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-109-2017 SN - 1867-1381 SN - 1867-8548 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 109 EP - 118 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shainyan, Bagrat A. A1 - Belyakov, Alexander V. A1 - Sigolaev, Yurii F. A1 - Khramov, Alexander N. A1 - Kleinpeter, Erich T1 - Molecular Structure and Conformational Analysis of 1-Phenyl-1-X-1-Silacyclohexanes (X = F, Cl) by Electron Diffraction, Low-Temperature NMR, and Quantum Chemical Calculations JF - The journal of organic chemistry N2 - The molecular structure and conformational preferences of 1-phenyl-1-X-1-silacyclohexanes C5H10Si(Ph,X) (X = F (3), Cl (4)) were studied by gas-phase electron diffraction, low-temperature NMR spectroscopy, and high-level quantum chemical calculations. In the gas phase only three (3) and two (4) stable conformers differing in the axial or equatorial location of the phenyl group and the angle of rotation about the Si-C-ph bond (axi and axo denote the Ph group lying in or out of the X-Si-C-ph plane) contribute to the equilibrium. In 3 the ratio Ph-eq:Ph-axo:Ph-axi is 40(12):55(24):5 and 64:20:16 by experiment and theory, respectively. In 4 the ratio Ph-eq:Ph-axo is 79(15):21(15) and 71:29 by experiment and theory (M06-2X calculations), respectively. The gas-phase electron diffraction parameters are in good agreement with those obtained from theory at the M06-2X/aug-ccPVTZ and MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ levels. Unlike the case for M06-2X, MP2 calculations indicate that 3-Ph-eq conformer lies 0.5 kcal/mol higher than the 3-Ph-axo, conformer. As follows from QTAIM analysis, the phenyl group is more stable when it is located in the axial position but produces destabilization of the silacyclohexane ring: By low temperature NMR spectroscopy the six-membered ring interconversion could be frozen, at 103 K and the present conformational equilibria of 3 and 4 could be determined. The ratio of the conformers is 3-Ph-eq:3-Ph-ax = (75-77):(23-25) and 4-Ph-eq:4-Ph-ax = 82:18. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.6b02538 SN - 0022-3263 VL - 82 IS - 1 SP - 461 EP - 470 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Martínez-Garzón, Patricia A1 - Kwiatek, Grzegorz A1 - Bohnhoff, Marco A1 - Dresen, Georg T1 - Volumetric components in the earthquake source related to fluid injection and stress state JF - Geophysical research letters N2 - We investigate source processes of fluid-induced seismicity from The Geysers geothermal reservoir in California to determine their relation with hydraulic operations and improve the corresponding seismic hazard estimates. Analysis of 869 well-constrained full moment tensors (M-w 0.8-3.5) reveals significant non-double-couple components (>25%) for about 65% of the events. Volumetric deformation is governed by cumulative injection rates with larger non-double-couple components observed near the wells and during high injection periods. Source mechanisms are magnitude dependent and vary significantly between faulting regimes. Normal faulting events (M-w<2) reveal substantial volumetric components indicating dilatancy in contrast to strike-slip events that have a dominant double-couple source. Volumetric components indicating closure of cracks in the source region are mostly found for reverse faulting events with M-w>2.5. Our results imply that source processes and magnitudes of fluid-induced seismic events are strongly affected by the hydraulic operations, the reservoir stress state, and the faulting regime. KW - non-double-couple components KW - induced seismicity KW - geothermal KW - stress state KW - tensile opening KW - pore pressure Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071963 SN - 0094-8276 SN - 1944-8007 VL - 44 IS - 2 SP - 800 EP - 809 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lecourieux, Fatma A1 - Kappel, Christian A1 - Pieri, Philippe A1 - Charon, Justine A1 - Pillet, Jeremy A1 - Hilbert, Ghislaine A1 - Renaud, Christel A1 - Gomes, Eric A1 - Delrot, Serge A1 - Lecourieux, David T1 - Dissecting the Biochemical and Transcriptomic Effects of a Locally Applied Heat Treatment on Developing Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Berries JF - Frontiers in plant science N2 - Reproductive development of grapevine and berry composition are both strongly influenced by temperature. To date, the molecular mechanisms involved in grapevine berries response to high temperatures are poorly understood. Unlike recent data that addressed the effects on berry development of elevated temperatures applied at the whole plant level, the present work particularly focuses on the fruit responses triggered by direct exposure to heat treatment (HT). In the context of climate change, this work focusing on temperature effect at the microclimate level is of particular interest as it can help to better understand the consequences of leaf removal (a common viticultural practice) on berry development. HT (+8 degrees C) was locally applied to clusters from Cabernet Sauvignon fruiting cuttings at three different developmental stages (middle green, veraison and middle ripening). Samples were collected 1, 7, and 14 days after treatment and used for metabolic and transcriptomic analyses. The results showed dramatic and specific biochemical and transcriptomic changes in heat exposed berries, depending on the developmental stage and the stress duration. When applied at the herbaceous stage, HT delayed the onset of veraison. Heating also strongly altered the berry concentration of amino acids and organic acids (e.g., phenylalanine, raminobutyric acid and malate) and decreased the anthocyanin content at maturity. These physiological alterations could be partly explained by the deep remodeling of transcriptome in heated berries. More than 7000 genes were deregulated in at least one of the nine experimental conditions. The most affected processes belong to the categories "stress responses," protein metabolism" and "secondary metabolism," highlighting the intrinsic capacity of grape berries to perceive HT and to build adaptive responses. Additionally, important changes in processes related to "transport," "hormone" and "cell wall" might contribute to the postponing of veraison. Finally, opposite effects depending on heating duration were observed for genes encoding enzymes of the general phenylpropanoid pathway, suggesting that the HI induced decrease in anthocyanin content may result from a combination of transcript abundance and product degradation. KW - grapevine KW - berry development KW - microclimate KW - high temperature KW - microarrays KW - metabolomics/metabolite profiling KW - climate change Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00053 SN - 1664-462X VL - 8 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hildebrand, Viet A1 - Laschewsky, Andre A1 - Päch, Michael A1 - Müller-Buschbaum, Peter A1 - Papadakis, Christine M. T1 - Effect of the zwitterion structure on the thermo-responsive behaviour of poly(sulfobetaine methacrylates) JF - Polymer Chemistry N2 - A series of new sulfobetaine methacrylates, including nitrogen-containing saturated heterocycles, was synthesised by systematically varying the substituents of the zwitterionic group. Radical polymerisation via the RAFT (reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer) method in trifluoroethanol proceeded smoothly and was well controlled, yielding polymers with predictable molar masses. Molar mass analysis and control of the end-group fidelity were facilitated by end-group labeling with a fluorescent dye. The polymers showed distinct thermo-responsive behaviour of the UCST (upper critical solution temperature) type in an aqueous solution, which could not be simply correlated to their molecular structure via an incremental analysis of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic elements incorporated within them. Increasing the spacer length separating the ammonium and the sulfonate groups of the zwitterion moiety from three to four carbons increased the phase transition temperatures markedly, whereas increasing the length of the spacer separating the ammonium group and the carboxylate ester group on the backbone from two to three carbons provoked the opposite effect. Moreover, the phase transition temperatures of the analogous polyzwitterions decreased in the order dimethylammonio > morpholinio > piperidinio alkanesulfonates. In addition to the basic effect of the polymers’ precise molecular structure, the concentration and the molar mass dependence of the phase transition temperatures were studied. Furthermore, we investigated the influence of added low molar mass salts on the aqueous-phase behaviour for sodium chloride and sodium bromide as well as sodium and ammonium sulfate. The strong effects evolved in a complex way with the salt concentration. The strength of these effects depended on the nature of the anion added, increasing in the order sulfate < chloride < bromide, thus following the empirical Hofmeister series. In contrast, no significant differences were observed when changing the cation, i.e. when adding sodium or ammonium sulfate. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c6py01220e SN - 1759-9954 SN - 1759-9962 VL - 8 SP - 310 EP - 322 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoogenboom, Richard A1 - Schlaad, Helmut T1 - Thermoresponsive poly(2-oxazoline)s, polypeptoids, and polypeptides JF - Polymer Chemistry N2 - This review covers the recent advances in the emerging field of thermoresponsive polyamides or polymeric amides, i.e., poly(2-oxazoline)s, polypeptoids, and polypeptides, with a specific focus on structure-thermoresponsive property relationships, self-assembly, and applications. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c6py01320a SN - 1759-9954 SN - 1759-9962 VL - 8 IS - 1 SP - 24 EP - 40 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schürmann, Robin Mathis A1 - Bald, Ilko T1 - Real-time monitoring of plasmon induced dissociative electron transfer to the potential DNA radiosensitizer 8-bromoadenine JF - Nanoscale N2 - The excitation of localized surface plasmons in noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) results in different nanoscale effects such as electric field enhancement, the generation of hot electrons and a temperature increase close to the NP surface. These effects are typically exploited in diverse fields such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), NP catalysis and photothermal therapy (PTT). Halogenated nucleobases are applied as radiosensitizers in conventional radiation cancer therapy due to their high reactivity towards secondary electrons. Here, we use SERS to study the transformation of 8-bromoadenine ((8Br)A) into adenine on the surface of Au and AgNPs upon irradiation with a low-power continuous wave laser at 532, 633 and 785 nm, respectively. The dissociation of (8Br)A is ascribed to a hot-electron transfer reaction and the underlying kinetics are carefully explored. The reaction proceeds within seconds or even milliseconds. Similar dissociation reactions might also occur with other electrophilic molecules, which must be considered in the interpretation of respective SERS spectra. Furthermore, we suggest that hot-electron transfer induced dissociation of radiosensitizers such as (8Br)A can be applied in the future in PTT to enhance the damage of tumor tissue upon irradiation. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c6nr08695k SN - 2040-3364 SN - 2040-3372 VL - 9 SP - 1951 EP - 1955 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gerecke, Christian A1 - Edlich, Alexander A1 - Giulbudagian, Michael A1 - Schumacher, Fabian A1 - Zhang, Nan A1 - Said, Andre A1 - Yealland, Guy A1 - Lohan, Silke B. A1 - Neumann, Falko A1 - Meinke, Martina C. A1 - Ma, Nan A1 - Calderon, Marcelo A1 - Hedtrich, Sarah A1 - Schaefer-Korting, Monika A1 - Kleuser, Burkhard T1 - Biocompatibility and characterization of polyglycerol-based thermoresponsive nanogels designed as novel drug-delivery systems and their intracellular localization in keratinocytes JF - Nanotoxicology N2 - Novel nanogels that possess the capacity to change their physico-chemical properties in response to external stimuli are promising drug-delivery candidates for the treatment of severe skin diseases. As thermoresponsive nanogels (tNGs) are capable of enhancing penetration through biological barriers such as the stratum corneum and are taken up by keratinocytes of human skin, potential adverse consequences of their exposure must be elucidated. In this study, tNGs were synthesized from dendritic polyglycerol (dPG) and two thermoresponsive polymers. tNG_dPG_tPG are the combination of dPG with poly(glycidyl methyl ether-co-ethyl glycidyl ether) (p(GME-co-EGE)) and tNG_dPG_pNIPAM the one with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM). Both thermoresponsive nanogels are able to incorporate high amounts of dexamethasone and tacrolimus, drugs used in the treatment of severe skin diseases. Cellular uptake, intracellular localization and the toxicological properties of the tNGs were comprehensively characterized in primary normal human keratinocytes (NHK) and in spontaneously transformed aneuploid immortal keratinocyte cell line from adult human skin (HaCaT). Laser scanning confocal microscopy revealed fluorescently labeled tNGs entered into the cells and localized predominantly within lysosomal compartments. MTT assay, comet assay and carboxy-H2DCFDA assay, demonstrated neither cytotoxic or genotoxic effects, nor any induction of reactive oxygen species of the tNGs in keratinocytes. In addition, both tNGs were devoid of eye irritation potential as shown by bovine corneal opacity and permeability (BCOP) test and red blood cell (RBC) hemolysis assay. Therefore, our study provides evidence that tNGs are locally well tolerated and underlines their potential for cutaneous drug delivery. KW - Drug delivery KW - nanoparticles KW - particle characterization KW - keratinocytes KW - nanotoxicology Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/17435390.2017.1292371 SN - 1743-5390 SN - 1743-5404 VL - 11 SP - 267 EP - 277 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lorenz, U. A1 - Saalfrank, Peter T1 - A novel system-bath Hamiltonian for vibration-phonon coupling BT - Formulation, and application to the relaxation of Si-H and Si-D bending modes of H/D:Si(100)-(2 x 1) JF - Chemical physics : a journal devoted to experimental and theoretical research involving problems of both a chemical and physical nature N2 - We present a rigorous method to set up a system-bath Hamiltonian for the coupling of adsorbate vibrations (the system) to surface phonons (the bath). The Hamiltonian is straightforward to derive and exact up to second order in the environment coordinates, thus capable of treating one- and two-phonon contributions to vibration-phonon coupling. The construction of the Hamiltonian uses orthogonal coordinates for system and bath modes, is based on an embedded cluster approach, and generalizes previous Hamiltonians of a similar type, but avoids several (additional) approximations. While the parametrization of the full Hamiltonian is in principle feasible by a first principles quantum mechanical treatment, here we adopt in the spirit of a QM/MM model a combination of density functional theory (“QM”, for the system) and a semiempirical forcefield (“MM”, for the bath). We apply the Hamiltonian to a fully H-covered Si(100)-(2 × 1) surface, using Fermi’s Golden Rule to obtain vibrational relaxation rates of various H–Si bending modes of this system. As in earlier work it is found that the relaxation is dominated by two-phonon contributions because of an energy gap between the Si–H bending modes and the Si phonon bands. We obtain vibrational lifetimes (of the first excited state) on the order of 2 ps at K. The lifetimes depend only little on the type of bending mode (symmetric vs. antisymmetric, parallel vs. perpendicular to the Si2H2 dimers). They decrease by a factor of about two when heating the surface to 300 K. We also study isotope effects by replacing adsorbed H atoms by deuterium, D. The Si–D bending modes are shifted into the Si phonon band of the solid, opening up one-phonon decay channels and reducing the lifetimes to few hundred fs. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphys.2016.06.004 SN - 0301-0104 SN - 1873-4421 VL - 482 SP - 69 EP - 80 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kehlmaier, Christian A1 - Barlow, Axel A1 - Hastings, Alexander K. A1 - Vamberger, Melita A1 - Paijmans, Johanna L. A. A1 - Steadman, David W. A1 - Albury, Nancy A. A1 - Franz, Richard A1 - Hofreiter, Michael A1 - Fritz, Uwe T1 - Tropical ancient DNA reveals relationships of the extinct bahamian giant tortoise Chelonoidis alburyorum JF - Proceedings of the Royal Society of London : Series B, Biological sciences N2 - Ancient DNA of extinct species from the Pleistocene and Holocene has provided valuable evolutionary insights. However, these are largely restricted to mammals and high latitudes because DNA preservation in warm climates is typically poor. In the tropics and subtropics, non-avian reptiles constitute a significant part of the fauna and little is known about the genetics of the many extinct reptiles from tropical islands. We have reconstructed the near-complete mitochondrial genome of an extinct giant tortoise from the Bahamas (Chelonoidis alburyorum) using an approximately 1000-year-old humerus from a water-filled sinkhole (blue hole) on Great Abaco Island. Phylogenetic and molecular clock analyses place this extinct species as closely related to Galapagos (C. niger complex) and Chaco tortoises (C. chilensis), and provide evidence for repeated overseas dispersal in this tortoise group. The ancestors of extant Chelonoidis species arrived in South America from Africa only after the opening of the Atlantic Ocean and dispersed from there to the Caribbean and the Galapagos Islands. Our results also suggest that the anoxic, thermally buffered environment of blue holes may enhance DNA preservation, and thus are opening a window for better understanding evolution and population history of extinct tropical species, which would likely still exist without human impact. KW - Bahamas KW - biogeography KW - extinction KW - palaeontology KW - phylogeny Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2235 SN - 0962-8452 SN - 1471-2954 VL - 284 PB - The Royal Society CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Myachykov, Andriy A1 - Chapman, Ashley J. A1 - Fischer, Martin H. T1 - Cross-representational interactions BT - Interface and overlap mechanisms JF - Frontiers in psychology N2 - A crucial question facing cognitive science concerns the nature of conceptual representations as well as the constraints on the interactions between them. One specific question we address in this paper is what makes cross-representational interplay possible? We offer two distinct theoretical scenarios: according to the first scenario, co-activated knowledge representations interact with the help of an interface established between them via congruent activation in a mediating third-party general cognitive mechanism, e.g., attention. According to the second scenario, co-activated knowledge representations interact due to an overlap between their features, for example when they share a magnitude component. First, we make a case for cross representational interplay based on grounded and situated theories of cognition. Second, we discuss interface-based interactions between distinct (i.e., non-overlapping) knowledge representations. Third, we discuss how co-activated representations may share their architecture via partial overlap. Finally, we outline constraints regarding the flexibility of these proposed mechanisms. KW - representation KW - cross-representational interaction KW - simulation KW - embodiment KW - grounded cognition Y1 - 2017 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 7 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schimka, Selina A1 - Lomadze, Nino A1 - Rabe, Maren A1 - Kopyshev, Alexey A1 - Lehmann, Maren A1 - von Klitzing, Regine A1 - Rumyantsev, Artem M. A1 - Kramarenko, Elena Yu. A1 - Santer, Svetlana T1 - Photosensitive microgels containing azobenzene surfactants of different charges JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - We report on light sensitive microgel particles that can change their volume reversibly in response to illumination with light of different wavelengths. To make the anionic microgels photosensitive we add surfactants with a positively charged polyamine head group and an azobenzene containing tail. Upon illumination, azobenzene undergoes a reversible photo-isomerization reaction from a trans- to a cis-state accompanied by a change in the hydrophobicity of the surfactant. Depending on the isomerization state, the surfactant molecules are either accommodated within the microgel (trans- state) resulting in its shrinkage or desorbed back into water (cis-isomer) letting the microgel swell. We have studied three surfactants differing in the number of amino groups, so that the number of charges of the surfactant head varies between 1 and 3. We have found experimentally and theoretically that the surfactant concentration needed for microgel compaction increases with decreasing number of charges of the head group. Utilization of polyamine azobenzene containing surfactants for the light triggered remote control of the microgel size opens up a possibility for applications of light responsive microgels as drug carriers in biology and medicine. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cp04555c SN - 1463-9076 SN - 1463-9084 VL - 19 SP - 108 EP - 117 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - von Klitzing, Regine A1 - Stehl, Dimitrij A1 - Pogrzeba, Tobias A1 - Schomaäcker, Reinhard A1 - Minullina, Renata A1 - Panchal, Abhishek A1 - Konnova, Svetlana A1 - Fakhrullin, Rawil A1 - Koetz, Joachim A1 - Moehwald, Helmuth A1 - Lvov, Yuri T1 - Halloysites Stabilized Emulsions for Hydroformylation of Long Chain Olefins JF - Advanced materials interfaces N2 - Halloysites as tubular alumosilicates are introduced as inexpensive natural nanoparticles to form and stabilize oil-water emulsions. This stabilized emulsion is shown to enable efficient interfacial catalytic reactions. Yield, selectivity, and product separation can be tremendously enhanced, e.g., for the hydroformylation reaction of dodecene to tridecanal. In perspective, this type of formulation may be used for oil spill dispersions. The key elements of the described formulations are clay nanotubes (halloysites) which are highly anisometric, can be filled by helper molecules, and are abundantly available in thousands of tons, making this technology scalable for industrial applications. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201600435 SN - 2196-7350 VL - 4 IS - 1 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Raatz, Michael A1 - Weikl, Thomas R. T1 - Membrane Tubulation by Elongated and Patchy Nanoparticles JF - Advanced materials interfaces N2 - Advances in nanotechnology lead to an increasing interest in how nanoparticles interact with biomembranes. Nanoparticles are wrapped spontaneously by biomembranes if the adhesive interactions between the particles and membranes compensate for the cost of membrane bending. In the last years, the cooperative wrapping of spherical nanoparticles in membrane tubules has been observed in experiments and simulations. For spherical nanoparticles, the stability of the particle-filled membrane tubules strongly depends on the range of the adhesive particle-membrane interactions. In this article, it is shown via modeling and energy minimization that elongated and patchy particles are wrapped cooperatively in membrane tubules that are highly stable for all ranges of the particle-membrane interactions, compared to individual wrapping of the particles. The cooperative wrapping of linear chains of elongated or patchy particles in membrane tubules may thus provide an efficient route to induce membrane tubulation, or to store such particles in membranes. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201600325 SN - 2196-7350 VL - 4 IS - 1 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sahle, Fitsum Feleke A1 - Gerecke, Christian A1 - Kleuser, Burkhard A1 - Bodmeier, Roland T1 - Formulation and comparative in vitro evaluation of various dexamethasone-loaded pH-sensitive polymeric nanoparticles intended for dermal applications JF - International Journal of Pharmaceutics N2 - pH-sensitive nanoparticles have a great potential for dermal and transfollicular drug delivery. In this study, pH-sensitive, dexamethasone-loaded Eudragit (R) L 100, Eudragit (R) L 100-55, Eudragit (R) S 100, HPMCP-50, HPMCP-55 and cellulose acetate phthalate nanoparticles were prepared by nanoprecipitation and characterized. The pH-dependent swelling, erosion, dissolution and drug release kinetics were investigated in vitro using dynamic light scattering and Franz diffusion cells, respectively. Their toxicity potential was assessed by the ROS and MTT assays. 100-700 nm nanoparticles with high drug loading and entrapment efficiency were obtained. The nanoparticles bear no toxicity potential. Cellulose phthalates nanoparticles were more sensitive to pH than acrylates nanoparticles. They dissolved in 10 mM pH 7.5 buffer and released > 80% of the drug within 7 h. The acrylate nanoparticles dissolved in 40 mM pH 7.5 buffer and released 65-70% of the drug within 7 h. The nanoparticles remained intact in 10 and 40 mM pH 6.0 buffers (HPMCP nanoparticles dissolved in 40 mM pH 6.0 buffer) and released slowly. The nanoparticles properties could be modulated by blending the different polymers. In conclusion, various pH-sensitive nanoparticles that could release differently on the skin surface and dissolve and release in the hair follicles were obtained. KW - Cellulose acetate phthalate KW - Dexamethasone KW - Eudragit (R) KW - HPMCP KW - pH-sensitive nanoparticle KW - Skin nanocarrier Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.11.029 SN - 0378-5173 SN - 1873-3476 VL - 516 IS - 1-2 SP - 21 EP - 31 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Goulet-Hanssens, Alexis A1 - Utecht, Manuel A1 - Mutruc, Dragos A1 - Titov, Evgenii A1 - Schwarz, Jutta A1 - Grubert, Lutz A1 - Bleger, David A1 - Saalfrank, Peter A1 - Hecht, Stefan T1 - Electrocatalytic Z -> E Isomerization of Azobenzenes JF - Journal of the American Chemical Society N2 - A variety of azobenzenes were synthesized to study the behavior of their E and Z isomers upon electrochemical reduction. Our results show that the radical anion of the Z isomer is able to rapidly isomerize to the corresponding E configured counterpart with a dramatically enhanced rate as compared to the neutral species. Due to a subsequent electron transfer from the formed E radical anion to the neutral Z starting material the overall transformation is catalytic in electrons; i.e., a substoichiometric amount of reduced species can isomerize the entire mixture. This pathway greatly increases the efficiency of (photo)switching while also allowing one to reach photostationary state compositions that are not restricted to the spectral separation of the individual azobenzene isomers and their quantum yields. In addition, activating this radical isomerization pathway with photoelectron transfer agents allows us to override the intrinsic properties of an azobenzene species by triggering the reverse isomerization direction (Z -> E) by the same wavelength of light, which normally triggers E -> Z isomerization. The behavior we report appears to be general, implying that the metastable isomer of a photoswitch can be isomerized to the more stable one catalytically upon reduction, permitting the optimization of azobenzene switching in new as well as indirect ways. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b10822 SN - 0002-7863 VL - 139 IS - 1 SP - 335 EP - 341 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Safdari, Hadiseh A1 - Cherstvy, Andrey G. A1 - Chechkin, Aleksei V. A1 - Bodrova, Anna A1 - Metzler, Ralf T1 - Aging underdamped scaled Brownian motion BT - Ensemble- and time-averaged particle displacements, nonergodicity, and the failure of the overdamping approximation JF - Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics N2 - We investigate both analytically and by computer simulations the ensemble- and time-averaged, nonergodic, and aging properties of massive particles diffusing in a medium with a time dependent diffusivity. We call this stochastic diffusion process the (aging) underdamped scaled Brownian motion (UDSBM). We demonstrate how the mean squared displacement (MSD) and the time-averaged MSD of UDSBM are affected by the inertial term in the Langevin equation, both at short, intermediate, and even long diffusion times. In particular, we quantify the ballistic regime for the MSD and the time-averaged MSD as well as the spread of individual time-averaged MSD trajectories. One of the main effects we observe is that, both for the MSD and the time-averaged MSD, for superdiffusive UDSBM the ballistic regime is much shorter than for ordinary Brownian motion. In contrast, for subdiffusive UDSBM, the ballistic region extends to much longer diffusion times. Therefore, particular care needs to be taken under what conditions the overdamped limit indeed provides a correct description, even in the long time limit. We also analyze to what extent ergodicity in the Boltzmann-Khinchin sense in this nonstationary system is broken, both for subdiffusive and superdiffusive UDSBM. Finally, the limiting case of ultraslow UDSBM is considered, with a mixed logarithmic and power-law dependence of the ensemble-and time-averaged MSDs of the particles. In the limit of strong aging, remarkably, the ordinary UDSBM and the ultraslow UDSBM behave similarly in the short time ballistic limit. The approaches developed here open ways for considering other stochastic processes under physically important conditions when a finite particle mass and aging in the system cannot be neglected. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.95.012120 SN - 2470-0045 SN - 2470-0053 VL - 95 PB - American Physical Society CY - College Park ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gong, Chen Chris A1 - Klumpp, Stefan T1 - Modeling sRNA-Regulated Plasmid Maintenance JF - PLoS one N2 - We study a theoretical model for the toxin-antitoxin (hok/sok) mechanism for plasmid maintenance in bacteria. Toxin-antitoxin systems enforce the maintenance of a plasmid through post-segregational killing of cells that have lost the plasmid. Key to their function is the tight regulation of expression of a protein toxin by an sRNA antitoxin. Here, we focus on the nonlinear nature of the regulatory circuit dynamics of the toxin-antitoxin mechanism. The mechanism relies on a transient increase in protein concentration rather than on the steady state of the genetic circuit. Through a systematic analysis of the parameter dependence of this transient increase, we confirm some known design features of this system and identify new ones: for an efficient toxin-antitoxin mechanism, the synthesis rate of the toxin’s mRNA template should be lower that of the sRNA antitoxin, the mRNA template should be more stable than the sRNA antitoxin, and the mRNA-sRNA complex should be more stable than the sRNA antitoxin. Moreover, a short half-life of the protein toxin is also beneficial to the function of the toxin-antitoxin system. In addition, we study a therapeutic scenario in which a competitor mRNA is introduced to sequester the sRNA antitoxin, causing the toxic protein to be expressed. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169703 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 12 PB - PLoS CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kocyan, Alexander A1 - Wiland-Szymanska, Justyna T1 - A new name and a new combination for Friedmannia nom. illeg. (Hypoxidaceae) T2 - Phytotaxa : a rapid international journal for accelerating the publication of botanical taxonomy N2 - Recently, Kocyan & Wiland-Szymańska (2016) have published a thorough research article on one of the outstanding members of the family Hypoxidaceae on the Seychelles, which resulted in the raise of a new genus (Friedmannia Kocyan & Wiland-Szymańska 2016: 60) to accommodate the former Curculigo seychellensis Bojer ex Baker (1877: 368). However, it has turned out that the name Friedmannia Chantanachat & Bold (1962: 45) already exists in literature for a green alga, which renders the new hypoxid genus illegitimate (Melbourne Code; McNeill et al. 2012). Therefore, we assign a new generic epithet to Curculigo seychellensis. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.291.3.10 SN - 1179-3155 SN - 1179-3163 VL - 291 IS - 3 SP - 239 EP - 239 PB - Magnolia Press CY - Auckland ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Behrendt, Felix Nicolas A1 - Schlaad, Helmut T1 - Metathesis polymerization of cystine-based macrocycles JF - Polymer Chemistry N2 - Macrocycles based on L-cystine were synthesized by ring-closing metathesis (RCM) and subsequently polymerized by entropy-driven ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ED-ROMP). Monomer conversion reached similar to 80% in equilibrium and the produced poly (ester-amine-disulfide-alkene)s exhibited apparent molar masses (M-w(app)) of up to 80 kDa and dispersities (D) of similar to 2. The polymers can be further functionalized with acid anhydrides and degraded by reductive cleavage of the main-chain disulfide. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c6py01864e SN - 1759-9954 SN - 1759-9962 VL - 8 IS - 2 SP - 366 EP - 369 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fatfouta, Ramzi A1 - Schröder-Abe, Michela T1 - I can see clearly now BT - clarity of transgression-related motivations JF - Personality and individual differences : an international journal of research into the structure and development of personality, and the causation of individual differences N2 - Past research has revealed that narcissists lack forgiveness. However, little is known about factors that might either buffer or, more critically, enhance the link between narcissism and lack of forgiveness. To address this gap in the literature, the present studies focused on the moderating role of clarity of transgression-related motivations. In an original and a replication study (Ns = 509 and 532, respectively), participants rated their levels of narcissistic admiration and rivalry and recalled a personal episode in which someone had hurt them. Subsequently, participants reported on their lack of forgiveness toward their transgressor. Response speed to these ratings served as an indirect clarity measure, with faster responses indicating greater clarity. In both studies, narcissistic rivalry (but not admiration) was positively related to lack of forgiveness and this relationship was stronger among individuals who were clear about their transgression-related motivations. Results inform our understanding of socio-emotional factors that contribute to narcissists' lack of forgiveness following interpersonal hurt. KW - Narcissism KW - Forgiveness KW - Interpersonal transgressions KW - Social relationships KW - Indirect measurement Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.10.010 SN - 0191-8869 VL - 105 SP - 280 EP - 286 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmidt, Martin A1 - Jochheim, Hubert A1 - Kersebaum, Kurt-Christian A1 - Lischeid, Gunnar A1 - Nendel, Claas T1 - Gradients of microclimate, carbon and nitrogen in transition zones of fragmented landscapes - a review JF - Agricultural and forest meteorology N2 - Fragmentation of landscapes creates a transition zone in between natural habitats or different kinds of land use. In forested and agricultural landscapes with transition zones, microclimate and matter cycling are markedly altered. This probably accelerates and is intensified by global warming. However, there is no consensus on defining transition zones and quantifying relevant variables for microclimate and matter cycling across disciplines. This article is an attempt to a) revise definitions and offer a framework for quantitative ecologists, b) review the literature on microclimate and matter cycling in transition zones and c) summarise this information using meta-analysis to better understand bio-geochemical and bio-geophysical processes and their spatial extent in transition zones. We expect altered conditions in soils of transition zones to be 10-20 m with a maximum of 50 m, and 25-50 m for above-ground space with a maximum of 125 m. KW - Edge effects KW - Ecological boundaries KW - Matter cycling KW - Matter dynamics KW - Framework quantitative ecology KW - Ecotone hierarchy Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.10.022 SN - 0168-1923 SN - 1873-2240 VL - 232 SP - 659 EP - 671 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ehlert, Christopher A1 - Klamroth, Tillmann T1 - The quest for best suited references for configuration interaction singles calculations of core excited states JF - Journal of computational chemistry : organic, inorganic, physical, biological N2 - Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) simulations based on the conventional configuration interaction singles (CIS) lead to excitation energies, which are systematically blue shifted. Using a (restricted) open shell core hole reference instead of the Hartree Fock (HF) ground state orbitals improves (Decleva et al., Chem. Phys., 1992, 168, 51) excitation energies and the shape of the spectra significantly. In this work, we systematically vary the underlying SCF approaches, that is, based on HF or density functional theory, to identify best suited reference orbitals using a series of small test molecules. We compare the energies of the K edges and NEXAFS spectra to experimental data. The main improvement compared to conventional CIS, that is, using HF ground state orbitals, is due to the electrostatic influence of the core hole. Different SCF approaches, density functionals, or the use of fractional occupations lead only to comparably small changes. Furthermore, to account for bigger systems, we adapt the core-valence separation for our approach. We demonstrate that the good quality of the spectrum is not influenced by this approximation when used together with the non-separated ground state wave function. Simultaneously, the computational demands are reduced remarkably. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. KW - core excited states KW - configuration interaction KW - near edge X-ray absorption fine structure Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.24531 SN - 0192-8651 SN - 1096-987X VL - 38 SP - 116 EP - 126 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lippold, Holger A1 - Eidner, Sascha A1 - Kumke, Michael Uwe A1 - Lippmann-Pipke, Johanna T1 - Dynamics of metal-humate complexation equilibria as revealed by isotope exchange studies - a matter of concentration and time JF - Geochimica et cosmochimica acta : journal of the Geochemical Society and the Meteoritical Society N2 - Complexation with dissolved humic matter can be crucial in controlling the mobility of toxic or radioactive contaminant metals. For speciation and transport modelling, a dynamic equilibrium process is commonly assumed, where association and dissociation run permanently. This is, however, questionable in view of reported observations of a growing resistance to dissociation over time. In this study, the isotope exchange principle was employed to gain direct insight into the dynamics of the complexation equilibrium, including kinetic inertisation phenomena. Terbium(III), an analogue of trivalent actinides, was used as a representative of higher-valent metals. Isotherms of binding to (flocculated) humic acid, determined by means of Tb-160 as a radiotracer, were found to be identical regardless of whether the radioisotope was introduced together with the bulk of stable Tb-159 or subsequently after pre-equilibration for up to 3 months. Consequently, there is a permanent exchange of free and humic-bound Tb since all available binding sites are occupied in the plateau region of the isotherm. The existence of a dynamic equilibrium was thus evidenced. There was no indication of an inertisation under these experimental conditions. If the small amount of Tb-160 was introduced prior to saturation with Tb-159, the expected partial desorption of Tb-160 occurred at much lower rates than observed for the equilibration process in the reverse procedure. In addition, the rates decreased with time of pre-equilibration. Inertisation phenomena are thus confined to the stronger sites of humic molecules (occupied at low metal concentrations). Analysing the time-dependent course of isotope exchange according to first-order kinetics indicated that up to 3 years are needed to attain equilibrium. Since, however, metal-humic interaction remains reversible, exchange of metals between humic carriers and mineral surfaces cannot be neglected on the long time scale to be considered in predictive transport models. KW - Humic substances KW - Metal complexation KW - Kinetics KW - Reversibility KW - Isotope exchange KW - Dynamic equilibrium Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.10.019 SN - 0016-7037 SN - 1872-9533 VL - 197 SP - 62 EP - 70 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Knapmeyer-Endrun, Brigitte A1 - Krüger, Frank A1 - Geissler, Wolfram H. T1 - Upper mantle structure across the Trans-European Suture Zone imaged by S-receiver functions JF - Earth & planetary science letters N2 - We present a high-resolution study of the upper mantle structure of Central Europe, including the western part of the East European Platform, based on S-receiver functions of 345 stations. A distinct contrast is found between Phanerozoic Europe and the East European Craton across the Trans-European Suture Zone. To the west, a pronounced velocity reduction with depth interpreted as lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) is found at an average depth of 90 km. Beneath the craton, no strong and continuous LAB conversion is observed. Instead we find a distinct velocity reduction within the lithosphere, at 80-120 km depth. This mid-lithospheric discontinuity (MLD) is attributed to a compositional boundary between depleted and more fertile lithosphere created by late Proterozoic metasomatism. A potential LAB phase beneath the craton is very weak and varies in depth between 180 and 250 km, consistent with a reduced velocity contrast between the lower lithosphere and the asthenosphere. Within the Trans-European Suture Zone, lithospheric structure is characterized by strong heterogeneity. A dipping or step-wise increase to LAB depth of 150 km is imaged from Phanerozoic Europe to 20-22 degrees E, whereas no direct connection to the cratonic LAB or MLD to the east is apparent. At larger depths, a positive conversion associated with the lower boundary of the asthenosphere is imaged at 210-250 km depth beneath Phanerozoic Europe, continuing down to 300 km depth beneath the craton. Conversions from both 410 km and 660 km discontinuities are found at their nominal depth beneath Phanerozoic Europe, and the discontinuity at 410 km depth can also be traced into the craton. A potential negative conversion on top of the 410 km discontinuity found in migrated images is analyzed by modeling and attributed to interference with other converted phases. KW - lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary KW - mid-lithospheric discontinuity KW - Lehmann discontinuity KW - S-receiver functions KW - Trans-European Suture Zone KW - East European Craton Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.11.011 SN - 0012-821X SN - 1385-013X VL - 458 SP - 429 EP - 441 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sippel, Judith A1 - Meessen, Christian A1 - Cacace, Mauro A1 - Mechie, James A1 - Fishwick, Stewart A1 - Heine, Christian A1 - Scheck-Wenderoth, Magdalena A1 - Strecker, Manfred T1 - The Kenya rift revisited BT - insights into lithospheric strength through data-driven 3-D gravity and thermal modelling JF - Solid earth N2 - We present three-dimensional (3-D) models that describe the present-day thermal and rheological state of the lithosphere of the greater Kenya rift region aiming at a better understanding of the rift evolution, with a particular focus on plume-lithosphere interactions. The key methodology applied is the 3-D integration of diverse geological and geophysical observations using gravity modelling. Accordingly, the resulting lithospheric-scale 3-D density model is consistent with (i) reviewed descriptions of lithological variations in the sedimentary and volcanic cover, (ii) known trends in crust and mantle seismic velocities as revealed by seismic and seismological data and (iii) the observed gravity field. This data-based model is the first to image a 3-D density configuration of the crystalline crust for the entire region of Kenya and northern Tanzania. An upper and a basal crustal layer are differentiated, each composed of several domains of different average densities. We interpret these domains to trace back to the Precambrian terrane amalgamation associated with the East African Orogeny and to magmatic processes during Mesozoic and Cenozoic rifting phases. In combination with seismic velocities, the densities of these crustal domains indicate compositional differences. The derived lithological trends have been used to parameterise steady-state thermal and rheological models. These models indicate that crustal and mantle temperatures decrease from the Kenya rift in the west to eastern Kenya, while the integrated strength of the lithosphere increases. Thereby, the detailed strength configuration appears strongly controlled by the complex inherited crustal structure, which may have been decisive for the onset, localisation and propagation of rifting. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-45-2017 SN - 1869-9510 SN - 1869-9529 VL - 8 SP - 45 EP - 81 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mohr, Christian Heinrich A1 - Manga, Michael A1 - Wang, Chi-Yuen A1 - Korup, Oliver T1 - Regional changes in streamflow after a megathrust earthquake JF - Earth & planetary science letters N2 - Moderate to large earthquakes can increase the amount of water feeding stream flows, mobilizing excess water from deep groundwater, shallow groundwater, or the vadose zone. Here we examine the regional pattern of streamflow response to the Maule M8.8 earthquake across Chile's diverse topographic and hydro-climatic gradients. We combine streamflow analyses with groundwater flow modeling and a random forest classifier, and find that, after the earthquake, at least 85 streams had a change in flow. Discharge mostly increased () shortly after the earthquake, liberating an excess water volume of >1.1 km3, which is the largest ever reported following an earthquake. Several catchments had increased discharge of >50 mm, locally exceeding seasonal streamflow discharge under undisturbed conditions. Our modeling results favor enhanced vertical permeability induced by dynamic strain as the most probable process explaining the observed changes at the regional scale. Supporting this interpretation, our random forest classification identifies peak ground velocity and elevation extremes as most important for predicting streamflow response. Given the mean recurrence interval of ∼25 yr for >M8.0 earthquakes along the Peru–Chile Trench, our observations highlight the role of earthquakes in the regional water cycle, especially in arid environments. KW - Maule earthquake KW - streamflow response KW - permeability KW - groundwater flow modeling KW - earthquake hydrology Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.11.013 SN - 0012-821X SN - 1385-013X VL - 458 SP - 418 EP - 428 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tian, Fang A1 - Cao, Xianyong A1 - Dallmeyer, Anne A1 - Zhao, Yan A1 - Ni, Jian A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike T1 - Pollen-climate relationships in time (9 ka, 6 ka, 0 ka) and space (upland vs. lowland) in eastern continental Asia JF - Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal N2 - Temporal and spatial stability of the vegetation climate relationship is a basic ecological assumption for pollen-based quantitative inferences of past climate change and for predicting future vegetation. We explore this assumption for the Holocene in eastern continental Asia (China, Mongolia). Boosted regression trees (BRT) between fossil pollen taxa percentages (Abies, Artemisia, Betula, Chenopodiaceae, Cyperaceae, Ephedra, Picea, Pinus, Poaceae and Quercus) and climate model outputs of mean annual precipitation (P-ann) and mean temperature of the warmest month (Mt(wa)) for 9 and 6 ka (ka = thousand years before present) were set up and results compared to those obtained from relating modern pollen to modern climate. Overall, our results reveal only slight temporal differences in the pollen climate relationships. Our analyses suggest that the importance of P-ann compared with Mt(wa) for taxa distribution is higher today than it was at 6 ka and 9 ka. In particular, the relevance of P-ann for Picea and Pinus increases and has become the main determinant. This change in the climate tree pollen relationship parallels a widespread tree pollen decrease in north-central China and the eastern Tibetan Plateau. We assume that this is at least partly related to vegetation climate disequilibrium originating from human impact. Increased atmospheric CO2 concentration may have permitted the expansion of moisture-loving herb taxa (Cyperaceae and Poaceae) during the late Holocene into arid/semi-arid areas. We furthermore find that the pollen climate relationship between north-central China and the eastern Tibetan Plateau is generally similar, but that regional differences are larger than temporal differences. In summary, vegetation climate relationships in China are generally stable in space and time, and pollen-based climate reconstructions can be applied to the Holocene. Regional differences imply the calibration-set should be restricted spatially. KW - Boosted regression trees KW - China KW - Holocene KW - Niche stability KW - Pollen-climate relationship KW - Uniformitarianism Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.11.027 SN - 0277-3791 VL - 156 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Simons, Nadja K. A1 - Lewinsohn, Thomas A1 - Bluethgen, Nico A1 - Buscot, Francois A1 - Boch, Steffen A1 - Daniel, Rolf A1 - Gossner, Martin M. A1 - Jung, Kirsten A1 - Kaiser, Kristin A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Prati, Daniel A1 - Renner, Swen C. A1 - Socher, Stephanie A. A1 - Sonnemann, Ilja A1 - Weiner, Christiane N. A1 - Werner, Michael A1 - Wubet, Tesfaye A1 - Wurst, Susanne A1 - Weisser, Wolfgang W. T1 - Contrasting effects of grassland management modes on species-abundance distributions of multiple groups JF - Agriculture, ecosystems & environment : an international journal for scientific research on the relationship of agriculture and food production to the biosphere N2 - Intensive land use is a major cause of biodiversity loss, but most studies comparing the response of multiple taxa rely on simple diversity measures while analyses of other community attributes are only recently gaining attention. Species-abundance distributions (SADs) are a community attribute that can be used to study changes in the overall abundance structure of species groups, and whether these changes are driven by abundant or rare species. We evaluated the effect of grassland management intensity for three land-use modes (fertilization, mowing, grazing) and their combination on species richness and SADs for three belowground (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, prokaryotes and insect larvae) and seven aboveground groups (vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens; arthropod herbivores; arthropod pollinators; bats and birds). Three descriptors of SADs were evaluated: general shape (abundance decay rate), proportion of rare species (rarity) and proportional abundance of the commonest species (dominance). Across groups, taxonomic richness was largely unaffected by land-use intensity and only decreased with increasing mowing intensity. Of the three SAD descriptors, abundance decay rate became steeper with increasing combined land-use intensity across groups. This reflected a decrease in rarity among plants, herbivores and vertebrates. Effects of fertilization on the three descriptors were similar to the combined land-use intensity effects. Mowing intensity only affected the SAD descriptors of insect larvae and vertebrates, while grazing intensity produced a range of effects on different descriptors in distinct groups. Overall, belowground groups had more even abundance distribtitions than aboveground groups. Strong differences among aboveground groups and between above- and belowground groups indicate that no single taxonomic group can serve as an indicator for effects in other groups. In the past, the use of SADs has been hampered by concerns over theoretical models underlying specific forms of SADs. Our study shows that SAD descriptors that are not connected to a particular model are suitable to assess the effect of land use on community structure. KW - Biodiversity KW - Cutting frequency KW - Management intensity KW - Rank-abundance KW - Species loss KW - Rarity Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.12.022 SN - 0167-8809 SN - 1873-2305 VL - 237 SP - 143 EP - 153 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Campforts, Benjamin A1 - Schwanghart, Wolfgang A1 - Govers, Gerard T1 - Accurate simulation of transient landscape evolution by eliminating numerical diffusion BT - the TTLEM 1.0 model JF - Earth surface dynamics N2 - Landscape evolution models (LEMs) allow the study of earth surface responses to changing climatic and tectonic forcings. While much effort has been devoted to the development of LEMs that simulate a wide range of processes, the numerical accuracy of these models has received less attention. Most LEMs use first-order accurate numerical methods that suffer from substantial numerical diffusion. Numerical diffusion particularly affects the solution of the advection equation and thus the simulation of retreating landforms such as cliffs and river knickpoints. This has potential consequences for the integrated response of the simulated landscape. Here we test a higher-order flux-limiting finite volume method that is total variation diminishing (TVD-FVM) to solve the partial differential equations of river incision and tectonic displacement. We show that using the TVD-FVM to simulate river incision significantly influences the evolution of simulated landscapes and the spatial and temporal variability of catchment-wide erosion rates. Furthermore, a two-dimensional TVD-FVM accurately simulates the evolution of landscapes affected by lateral tectonic displacement, a process whose simulation was hitherto largely limited to LEMs with flexible spatial discretization. We implement the scheme in TTLEM (TopoToolbox Landscape Evolution Model), a spatially explicit, raster-based LEM for the study of fluvially eroding landscapes in TopoToolbox 2. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-47-2017 SN - 2196-6311 SN - 2196-632X VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - 47 EP - 66 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Couto, Rafael C. A1 - Cruz, Vinicius V. A1 - Ertan, Emelie A1 - Eckert, Sebastian A1 - Fondell, Mattis A1 - Dantz, Marcus A1 - Kennedy, Brian A1 - Schmitt, Thorsten A1 - Pietzsch, Annette A1 - Guimaraes, Freddy F. A1 - Agren, Hans A1 - Odelius, Michael A1 - Kimberg, Victor A1 - Föhlisch, Alexander T1 - Selective gating to vibrational modes through resonant X-ray scattering JF - Nature Communications N2 - The dynamics of fragmentation and vibration of molecular systems with a large number of coupled degrees of freedom are key aspects for understanding chemical reactivity and properties. Here we present a resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) study to show how it is possible to break down such a complex multidimensional problem into elementary components. Local multimode nuclear wave packets created by X-ray excitation to different core-excited potential energy surfaces (PESs) will act as spatial gates to selectively probe the particular ground-state vibrational modes and, hence, the PES along these modes. We demonstrate this principle by combining ultra-high resolution RIXS measurements for gas-phase water with state-of-the-art simulations. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14165 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 8 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hahn, Marc Benjamin A1 - Meyer, Susann A1 - Schröter, Maria-Astrid A1 - Seitz, Harald A1 - Kunte, Hans-Jörg A1 - Solomun, Tihomir A1 - Sturm, Heinz T1 - Direct electron irradiation of DNA in a fully aqueous environment BT - Damage determination in combination with Monte Carlo simulations JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : PCCP ; a journal of European chemical societies N2 - We report on a study in which plasmid DNA in water was irradiated with 30 keV electrons generated by a scanning electron microscope and passed through a 100 nm thick Si3N4 membrane. The corresponding Monte Carlo simulations suggest that the kinetic energy spectrum of the electrons throughout the water is dominated by low energy electrons (<100 eV). The DNA radiation damage, single-strand breaks (SSBs) and double-strand breaks (DSBs), was determined by gel electrophoresis. The median lethal dose of D-1/2 = 1.7 +/- 0.3 Gy was found to be much smaller as compared to partially or fully hydrated DNA irradiated under vacuum conditions. The ratio of the DSBs to SSBs was found to be 1 : 12 as compared to 1 : 88 found for hydrated DNA. Our method enables quantitative measurements of radiation damage to biomolecules (DNA, proteins) in solutions under varying conditions (pH, salinity, co-solutes) for an electron energy range which is difficult to probe by standard methods. Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cp07707b SN - 1463-9076 SN - 1463-9084 VL - 19 IS - 3 SP - 1798 EP - 1805 PB - RSC Publ. CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Strunk, Astrid A1 - Knudsen, Mads Faurschou A1 - Egholm, David L. A1 - Jansen, John D. A1 - Levy, Laura B. A1 - Jacobsen, Bo H. A1 - Larsen, Nicolaj K. T1 - One million years of glaciation and denudation history in west Greenland JF - Nature Communications N2 - The influence of major Quaternary climatic changes on growth and decay of the Greenland Ice Sheet, and associated erosional impact on the landscapes, is virtually unknown beyond the last deglaciation. Here we quantify exposure and denudation histories in west Greenland by applying a novel Markov-Chain Monte Carlo modelling approach to all available paired cosmogenic Be-10-Al-26 bedrock data from Greenland. We find that long-term denudation rates in west Greenland range from >50 m Myr(-1) in low-lying areas to similar to 2 m Myr(-1) at high elevations, hereby quantifying systematic variations in denudation rate among different glacial landforms caused by variations in ice thickness across the landscape. We furthermore show that the present day ice-free areas only were ice covered ca. 45% of the past 1 million years, and even less at high-elevation sites, implying that the Greenland Ice Sheet for much of the time was of similar size or even smaller than today. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14199 SN - 2041-1723 VL - 8 PB - Nature Publishing Group UK CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lütkecosmann, Steffi A1 - Warsinke, Axel A1 - Tschöpe, Winfried A1 - Eichler, Rüdiger A1 - Hanack, Katja T1 - A novel monoclonal antibody suitable for the detection of leukotriene B4 JF - Biochemical and biophysical research communications N2 - Leukotriene B4 as an inflammatory mediator is an important biomarker for different respiratory diseases like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cystic lung fibrosis. Therefore the detection of LTB4 is helpful in the diagnosis of these pulmonary diseases. However, until now its determination in exhaled breath condensates suffers from problems of accuracy. Reasons for that could be improper sample collection and preparation methods of condensates and the lack of consistently assay specificity and reproducibility of the used immunoassay detection system. In this study we describe the development and the characterization of a specific monoclonal antibody (S27BC6) against LTB4, its use as molecular recognition element for the development of an enzyme-linked immunoassay to detect LTB4 and discuss possible future diagnostic applications. KW - Leukotriene B4 KW - Monoclonal antibody KW - Immunosensor KW - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) KW - Hapten Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.157 SN - 0006-291X SN - 1090-2104 VL - 482 IS - 4 SP - 1054 EP - 1059 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Radbruch, Moritz A1 - Pischon, Hannah A1 - Ostrowski, Anja A1 - Volz, Pierre A1 - Brodwolf, Robert A1 - Neumann, Falko A1 - Unbehauen, Michael A1 - Kleuser, Burkhard A1 - Haag, Rainer A1 - Ma, Nan A1 - Alexiev, Ulrike A1 - Mundhenk, Lars A1 - Gruber, Achim D. T1 - Dendritic core-multishell nanocarriers in murine models of healthy and atopic skin JF - Nanoscale Research Letters N2 - Dendritic hPG-amid-C18-mPEG core-multishell nanocarriers (CMS) represent a novel class of unimolecular micelles that hold great potential as drug transporters, e. g., to facilitate topical therapy in skin diseases. Atopic dermatitis is among the most common inflammatory skin disorders with complex barrier alterations which may affect the efficacy of topical treatment. Here, we tested the penetration behavior and identified target structures of unloaded CMS after topical administration in healthy mice and in mice with oxazolone-induced atopic dermatitis. We further examined whole body distribution and possible systemic side effects after simulating high dosage dermal penetration by subcutaneous injection. Following topical administration, CMS accumulated in the stratum corneum without penetration into deeper viable epidermal layers. The same was observed in atopic dermatitis mice, indicating that barrier alterations in atopic dermatitis had no influence on the penetration of CMS. Following subcutaneous injection, CMS were deposited in the regional lymph nodes as well as in liver, spleen, lung, and kidney. However, in vitro toxicity tests, clinical data, and morphometry-assisted histopathological analyses yielded no evidence of any toxic or otherwise adverse local or systemic effects of CMS, nor did they affect the severity or course of atopic dermatitis. Taken together, CMS accumulate in the stratum corneum in both healthy and inflammatory skin and appear to be highly biocompatible in the mouse even under conditions of atopic dermatitis and thus could potentially serve to create a depot for anti-inflammatory drugs in the skin. KW - CMS KW - Skin KW - Topical treatment KW - Dermal delivery KW - Atopic dermatitis KW - Oxazolone KW - Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy KW - Nanomaterials KW - Multi-domain nanoparticles KW - Penetration enhancement Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-017-1835-0 SN - 1556-276X VL - 12 IS - 64 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Martins, Renata F. A1 - Fickel, Jörns A1 - Minh Le, A1 - Thanh Van Nguyen, A1 - Nguyen, Ha M. A1 - Timmins, Robert A1 - Gan, Han Ming A1 - Rovie-Ryan, Jeffrine J. A1 - Lenz, Dorina A1 - Förster, Daniel W. A1 - Wilting, Andreas T1 - Phylogeography of red muntjacs reveals three distinct mitochondrial lineages JF - BMC evolutionary biology N2 - Background: The members of the genus Muntiacus are of particular interest to evolutionary biologists due to their extreme chromosomal rearrangements and the ongoing discussions about the number of living species. Red muntjacs have the largest distribution of all muntjacs and were formerly considered as one species. Karyotype differences led to the provisional split between the Southern Red Muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) and the Northern Red Muntjac (M. vaginalis), but uncertainties remain as, so far, no phylogenetic study has been conducted. Here, we analysed whole mitochondrial genomes of 59 archival and 16 contemporaneous samples to resolve uncertainties about their taxonomy and used red muntjacs as model for understanding the evolutionary history of other species in Southeast Asia. Results: We found three distinct matrilineal groups of red muntjacs: Sri Lankan red muntjacs (including the Western Ghats) diverged first from other muntjacs about 1.5 Mya; later northern red muntjacs (including North India and Indochina) and southern red muntjacs (Sundaland) split around 1.12 Mya. The diversification of red muntjacs into these three main lineages was likely promoted by two Pleistocene barriers: one through the Indian subcontinent and one separating the Indochinese and Sundaic red muntjacs. Interestingly, we found a high level of gene flow within the populations of northern and southern red muntjacs, indicating gene flow between populations in Indochina and dispersal of red muntjacs over the exposed Sunda Shelf during the Last Glacial Maximum. Conclusions: Our results provide new insights into the evolution of species in South and Southeast Asia as we found clear genetic differentiation in a widespread and generalist species, corresponding to two known biogeographical barriers: The Isthmus of Kra and the central Indian dry zone. In addition, our molecular data support either the delineation of three monotypic species or three subspecies, but more importantly these data highlight the conservation importance of the Sri Lankan/South Indian red muntjac. KW - Phylogeography KW - Archival DNA KW - Muntjac KW - Southeast Asia KW - Species complex Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-0888-0 SN - 1471-2148 VL - 17 IS - 34 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mardoukhi, Ahmad A1 - Mardoukhi, Yousof A1 - Hokka, Mikko A1 - Kuokkala, Veli-Tapani T1 - Effects of strain rate and surface cracks on the mechanical behaviour of Balmoral Red granite JF - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A : Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences N2 - This work presents a systematic study on the effects of strain rate and surface cracks on the mechanical properties and behaviour of Balmoral Red granite. The tensile behaviour of the rock was studied at low and high strain rates using Brazilian disc samples. Heat shocks were used to produce samples with different amounts of surface cracks. The surface crack patterns were analysed using optical microscopy, and the complexity of the patterns was quantified by calculating the fractal dimensions of the patterns. The strength of the rock clearly drops as a function of increasing fractal dimensions in the studied strain rate range. However, the dynamic strength of the rock drops significantly faster than the quasi-static strength, and, because of this, also the strain rate sensitivity of the rock decreases with increasing fractal dimensions. This can be explained by the fracture behaviour and fragmentation during the dynamic loading, which is more strongly affected by the heat shock than the fragmentation at low strain rates. KW - split Hopkinson pressure bar KW - rock KW - granite KW - dynamic loading KW - fractal dimension KW - surface cracks Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0179 SN - 1364-503X SN - 1471-2962 VL - 375 IS - 2085 PB - Royal Society CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Melnick, Daniel A1 - Moreno, Marcos A1 - Quinteros, Javier A1 - Carlos Baez, Juan A1 - Deng, Zhiguo A1 - Li, Shaoyang A1 - Oncken, Onno T1 - The super-interseismic phase of the megathrust earthquake cycle in Chile JF - Geophysical research letters N2 - Along a subduction zone, great megathrust earthquakes recur either after long seismic gaps lasting several decades to centuries or over much shorter periods lasting hours to a few years when cascading successions of earthquakes rupture nearby segments of the fault. We analyze a decade of continuous Global Positioning System observations along the South American continent to estimate changes in deformation rates between the 2010 Maule (M8.8) and 2015 Illapel (M8.3) Chilean earthquakes. We find that surface velocities increased after the 2010 earthquake, in response to continental-scale viscoelastic mantle relaxation and to regional-scale increased degree of interplate locking. We propose that increased locking occurs transiently during a super-interseismic phase in segments adjacent to a megathrust rupture, responding to bending of both plates caused by coseismic slip and subsequent afterslip. Enhanced strain rates during a super-interseismic phase may therefore bring a megathrust segment closer to failure and possibly triggered the 2015 event. KW - megathrust KW - earthquake KW - cycle KW - Chile Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071845 SN - 0094-8276 SN - 1944-8007 VL - 44 IS - 2 SP - 784 EP - 791 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER -