TY - JOUR A1 - Yarman, Aysu A1 - Dechtrirat, Decha A1 - Bosserdt, Maria A1 - Jetzschmann, Katharina J. A1 - Gajovic-Eichelmann, Nenad A1 - Scheller, Frieder W. T1 - Cytochrome c-derived hybrid systems based on moleculary imprinted polymers JF - Electroanalysis : an international journal devoted to fundamental and practical aspects of electroanalysis N2 - Hybrid architectures which combine a MIP with an immobilized affinity ligand or a biocatalyst sum up the advantages of both components. In this paper, hybrid architectures combining a layer of a molecularly imprinted electropolymer with a mini-enzyme or a self-assembled monolayer will be presented. (i) Microperoxidase-11 (MP-11) catalyzed oxidation of the drug aminopyrine on a product-imprinted sublayer: The peroxide dependent conversion of the analyte aminopyrine takes place in the MP-11 containing layer on top of a product-imprinted electropolymer on the indicator electrode. The hierarchical architecture resulted in the elimination of interfering signals for ascorbic acid and uric acid. An advantage of the new hierarchical structure is the separation of MIP formation by electropolymerization and immobilization of the catalyst. In this way it was for the first time possible to integrate an enzyme with a MIP layer in a sensor configuration. This combination has the potential to be transferred to other enzymes, e.g. P450, opening the way to clinically important analytes. (ii) Epitope-imprinted poly-scopoletin layer for binding of the C-terminal peptide and cytochrome c (Cyt c): The MIP binds both the target peptide and the parent protein almost eight times stronger than the non-imprinted polymer with affinities in the lower micromolar range. Exchange of only one amino acid in the peptide decreases the binding by a factor of five. (iii) MUA-poly-scopoletin MIP for cytochrome c: Cyt c bound to the MIP covered gold electrode exhibits direct electron transfer with a redox potential and rate constant typical for the native protein. The MIP cover layer suppresses the displacement of the target protein by BSA or myoglobin. The combination of protein imprinted polymers with an efficient electron transfer is a new concept for characterizing electroactive proteins such as Cyt c. The competition with other proteins shows that the MIP binds its target Cyt c preferentially and that molecular shape and the charge of protein determine the binding of interfering proteins. KW - Molecularly imprinted polymers KW - Microperoxidase-11 KW - Cytochrome c KW - Catalytically active MIPs KW - Epitope imprinting KW - Monoclonal MIPs Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201400592 SN - 1040-0397 SN - 1521-4109 VL - 27 IS - 3 SP - 573 EP - 586 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wu, Lei A1 - Glebe, Ulrich A1 - Böker, Alexander T1 - Surface-initiated controlled radical polymerizations from silica nanoparticles, gold nanocrystals, and bionanoparticles JF - Polymer Chemistry N2 - In recent years, core/shell nanohybrids containing a nanoparticle core and a distinct surrounding shell of polymer brushes have received extensive attention in nanoelectronics, nanophotonics, catalysis, nanopatterning, drug delivery, biosensing, and many others. From the large variety of existing polymerization methods on the one hand and strategies for grafting onto nanoparticle surfaces on the other hand, the combination of grafting-from with controlled radical polymerization (CRP) techniques has turned out to be the best suited for synthesizing these well-defined core/shell nanohybrids and is known as surface-initiated CRP. Most common among these are surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), surface-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, and surface-initiated nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP). This review highlights the state of the art of growing polymers from nanoparticles using surface-initiated CRP techniques. We focus on mechanistic aspects, synthetic procedures, and the formation of complex architectures as well as novel properties. From the vast number of examples of nanoparticle/polymer hybrids formed by surface-initiated CRP techniques, we present nanohybrid formation from the particularly important and most studied silica nanoparticles, gold nanocrystals, and proteins which can be regarded as bionanoparticles. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c5py00525f SN - 1759-9954 SN - 1759-9962 VL - 6 IS - 29 SP - 5143 EP - 5184 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Spahn, Hannah T1 - Poetics of character: transatlantic encounters, 1700-1900 JF - EARLY AMERICAN LITERATURE Y1 - 2015 SN - 0012-8163 SN - 1534-147X VL - 50 IS - 2 SP - 616 EP - 621 PB - Univ. of North Carolina Press CY - Chapel Hill ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Demske, Ulrike T1 - Adverbial Clauses, Main Clause Phenomena, and the composition of the Left Periphery JF - Studies in language Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1075/sl.39.1.09dem SN - 0378-4177 VL - 39 IS - 1 SP - 235 EP - 243 PB - Benjamins CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hasselhoff, Görge K. T1 - Midrash Unbound. Transformations and Innovations JF - Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte Y1 - 2015 SN - 0044-3441 VL - 67 IS - 2 SP - 205 EP - 206 PB - Brill CY - Leiden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Piper, Ernst T1 - Alfred Rosenberg. The Diaries of 1934-1944 JF - Deutsche Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaft Y1 - 2015 SN - 0044-2828 SN - 1618-0372 VL - 63 IS - 7-8 SP - 705 EP - 707 PB - Metropol-Verl. CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Huetges, Annett A1 - Fay, Doris T1 - Gender influences on career development a brief review JF - Journal of personnel psychology. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000152 SN - 1866-5888 SN - 2190-5150 VL - 14 IS - 3 SP - 113 EP - 120 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schoeps, Julius H. T1 - Jewish experiences and loyalty conflicts in the first World War JF - Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte Y1 - 2015 SN - 0044-3441 VL - 67 IS - 3-4 SP - 325 EP - 326 PB - Brill CY - Leiden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Martinez-Ferreiro, Silvia A1 - de Aguiar, Vania A1 - Rofes, Adria T1 - Non-fluent aphasia in Ibero-Romance: a review of morphosyntactic deficits JF - Aphasiology : an international, interdisciplinary journal N2 - Background: Castilian-Spanish, Catalan, Galician, and European Portuguese are the most widely spoken languages of the Ibero-Romance group. An increasing number of authors have addressed the impact of aphasia on the morphosyntax of these varieties. However, accurate linguistic characterisations are scarce and the different sources of data have not been yet compiled.Aims: To stimulate state-of-the-art research, we provided a comprehensive summary of morphosyntactic aspects of Ibero-Romance and a review of how these are affected in non-fluent aphasia. The topics we dealt with are the use of verb argument structure and morphology, sentential negation and word order, definite articles, personal and reflexive pronouns, passives, topicalised constructions, questions, and relative clauses.Methods & Procedures: An exhaustive fieldwork and search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline records were performed to retrieve studies focused on morphosyntactic issues concerning the Ibero-Romance varieties. A total of 27 studies produced by 46 authors of varying background emerged. We did not review studies of category-specific deficits and aspects related to bilingual aphasia, although we assume that most speakers of Galician and Catalan are bilingual. Studies of spontaneous speech were included when no controlled experimental tasks were available.Outcomes & Results: The morphosyntactic commonalities of Ibero-Romance have been tackled from different theoretical perspectives. There exist asymmetries in findings which we explain with the use of different tasks (and task complexity) and individual differences between participants.Conclusions: Discourse-linking factors as well as deviations from the canonical pattern are recurrent answers to these asymmetries. A comprehensive theory of impairments in non-fluent aphasia integrating relevant aspects of both structural and processing accounts seems necessary. KW - non-fluent aphasia KW - morphosyntax KW - Ibero-Romance Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2014.958915 SN - 0268-7038 SN - 1464-5041 VL - 29 IS - 1 SP - 101 EP - 126 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Piepoli, Massimo F. A1 - Corra, Ugo A1 - Abreu, Ana A1 - Cupples, Margaret A1 - Davos, Costantinos A1 - Doherty, Patrick A1 - Hoefer, Stephan A1 - Garcia-Porrero, Esteban A1 - Rauchi, Bernhard A1 - Vigorito, Carlo A1 - Völler, Heinz A1 - Schmid, Jean-Paul T1 - Challenges in secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases A review of the current practice JF - International journal of cardiology N2 - With the changing demography of populations and increasing prevalence of co-morbidity, frail patients and more complex cardiac conditions, the modern medicine is facing novel challenges leading to rapid innovation where evidence and experiences are lacking. This scenario is also evident in cardiovascular disease prevention, which continuously needs to accommodate its ever changing strategies, settings, and goals. The present paper summarises actual challenges of secondary prevention, and discusses how this intervention should not only be effective but also efficient. By this way the paper tries to bridge the gaps between research and real-world findings and thereby may find ways to improve standard care. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Cardiac rehabilitation KW - Cardiovascular risk factor KW - Long term management KW - Secondary prevention Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.11.107 SN - 0167-5273 SN - 1874-1754 VL - 180 SP - 114 EP - 119 PB - Elsevier CY - Clare ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kirchner, Sebastian A1 - Ignatova, Zoya T1 - Emerging roles of tRNA in adaptive translation, signalling dynamics and disease JF - Nature reviews N2 - tRNAs, nexus molecules between mRNAs and proteins, have a central role in translation. Recent discoveries have revealed unprecedented complexity of tRNA biosynthesis, modification patterns, regulation and function. In this Review, we present emerging concepts regarding how tRNA abundance is dynamically regulated and how tRNAs (and their nucleolytic fragments) are centrally involved in stress signalling and adaptive translation, operating across a wide range of timescales. Mutations in tRNAs or in genes affecting tRNA biogenesis are also linked to complex human diseases with surprising heterogeneity in tissue vulnerability, and we highlight cell-specific aspects that modulate the disease penetrance of tRNA-based pathologies. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg3861 SN - 1471-0056 SN - 1471-0064 VL - 16 IS - 2 SP - 98 EP - 112 PB - Nature Publ. Group CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Benina, Maria A1 - Ribeiro, Dimas Mendes A1 - Gechev, Tsanko S. A1 - Müller-Röber, Bernd A1 - Schippers, Jos H. M. T1 - A cell type-specific view on the translation of mRNAs from ROS-responsive genes upon paraquat treatment of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves JF - Plant, cell & environment : cell physiology, whole-plant physiology, community physiology N2 - Oxidative stress causes dramatic changes in the expression levels of many genes. The formation of a functional protein through successful mRNA translation is central to a coordinated cellular response. To what extent the response towards reactive oxygen species (ROS) is regulated at the translational level is poorly understood. Here we analysed leaf- and tissue-specific translatomes using a set of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines expressing a FLAG-tagged ribosomal protein to immunopurify polysome-bound mRNAs before and after oxidative stress. We determined transcript levels of 171 ROS-responsive genes upon paraquat treatment, which causes formation of superoxide radicals, at the whole-organ level. Furthermore, the translation of mRNAs was determined for five cell types: mesophyll, bundle sheath, phloem companion, epidermal and guard cells. Mesophyll and bundle sheath cells showed the strongest response to paraquat treatment. Interestingly, several ROS-responsive transcription factors displayed cell type-specific translation patterns, while others were translated in all cell types. In part, cell type-specific translation could be explained by the length of the 5-untranslated region (5-UTR) and the presence of upstream open reading frames (uORFs). Our analysis reveals insights into the translational regulation of ROS-responsive genes, which is important to understanding cell-specific responses and functions during oxidative stress. The study illustrates the response of different Arabidopsis thaliana leaf cells and tissues to oxidative stress at the translational level, an aspect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) biology that has been little studied in the past. Our data reveal insights into how translational regulation of ROS-responsive genes is fine-tuned at the cellular level, a phenomenon contributing to the integrated physiological response of leaves to stresses involving changes in ROS levels. KW - Arabidopsis KW - gene regulation KW - oxidative stress KW - tissue-specific KW - translation Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12355 SN - 0140-7791 SN - 1365-3040 VL - 38 IS - 2 SP - 349 EP - 363 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Warren, Ben H. A1 - Simberloff, Daniel A1 - Ricklefs, Robert E. A1 - Aguilee, Robin A1 - Condamine, Fabien L. A1 - Gravel, Dominique A1 - Morlon, Helene A1 - Mouquet, Nicolas A1 - Rosindell, James A1 - Casquet, Juliane A1 - Conti, Elena A1 - Cornuault, Josselin A1 - Maria Fernandez-Palacios, Jose A1 - Hengl, Tomislav A1 - Norder, Sietze J. A1 - Rijsdijk, Kenneth F. A1 - Sanmartin, Isabel A1 - Strasberg, Dominique A1 - Triantis, Kostas A. A1 - Valente, Luis M. A1 - Whittaker, Robert J. A1 - Gillespie, Rosemary G. A1 - Emerson, Brent C. A1 - Thebaud, Christophe T1 - Islands as model systems in ecology and evolution: prospects fifty years after MacArthur-Wilson JF - Ecology letters N2 - The study of islands as model systems has played an important role in the development of evolutionary and ecological theory. The 50th anniversary of MacArthur and Wilson's (December 1963) article, An equilibrium theory of insular zoogeography', was a recent milestone for this theme. Since 1963, island systems have provided new insights into the formation of ecological communities. Here, building on such developments, we highlight prospects for research on islands to improve our understanding of the ecology and evolution of communities in general. Throughout, we emphasise how attributes of islands combine to provide unusual research opportunities, the implications of which stretch far beyond islands. Molecular tools and increasing data acquisition now permit re-assessment of some fundamental issues that interested MacArthur and Wilson. These include the formation of ecological networks, species abundance distributions, and the contribution of evolution to community assembly. We also extend our prospects to other fields of ecology and evolution - understanding ecosystem functioning, speciation and diversification - frequently employing assets of oceanic islands in inferring the geographic area within which evolution has occurred, and potential barriers to gene flow. Although island-based theory is continually being enriched, incorporating non-equilibrium dynamics is identified as a major challenge for the future. KW - Community assembly KW - diversification KW - ecosystem functioning KW - genomics KW - island biogeography KW - islands as model systems KW - speciation Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12398 SN - 1461-023X SN - 1461-0248 VL - 18 IS - 2 SP - 200 EP - 217 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Petrov, Veselin A1 - Hille, Jacques A1 - Müller-Röber, Bernd A1 - Gechev, Tsanko S. T1 - ROS-mediated abiotic stress-induced programmed cell death in plants JF - Frontiers in plant science N2 - During the course of their ontogenesis plants are continuously exposed to a large variety of abiotic stress factors which can damage tissues and jeopardize the survival of the organism unless properly countered. While animals can simply escape and thus evade stressors, plants as sessile organisms have developed complex strategies to withstand them. When the intensity of a detrimental factor is high, one of the defense programs employed by plants is the induction of programmed cell death (PCD). This is an active, genetically controlled process which is initiated to isolate and remove damaged tissues thereby ensuring the survival of the organism. The mechanism of PCD induction usually includes an increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are utilized as mediators of the stress signal. Abiotic stress-induced PCD is not only a process of fundamental biological importance, but also of considerable interest to agricultural practice as it has the potential to significantly influence crop yield. Therefore, numerous scientific enterprises have focused on elucidating the mechanisms leading to and controlling PCD in response to adverse conditions in plants. This knowledge may help develop novel strategies to obtain more resilient crop varieties with improved tolerance and enhanced productivity. The aim of the present review is to summarize the recent advances in research on ROS-induced PCD related to abiotic stress and the role of the organelles in the process. KW - abiotic stress KW - programmed cell death KW - reactive oxygen species KW - signal transduction KW - stress adaptation Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00069 SN - 1664-462X VL - 6 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Acharya, B. S. A1 - Aramo, C. A1 - Babic, A. A1 - Barrio, J. A. A1 - Baushev, Anton N. A1 - Tjus, J. Becker A1 - Berge, David A1 - Bohacova, M. A1 - Bonardi, A. A1 - Brown, A. A1 - Bugaev, V. A1 - Bulik, Tomasz A1 - Burton, M. A1 - Busetto, G. A1 - Caraveo, P. A. A1 - Carosi, R. A1 - Carr, John A1 - Chadwick, Paula M. A1 - Chudoba, J. A1 - Conforti, V. A1 - Connaughton, V. A1 - Contreras, J. L. A1 - Cotter, G. A1 - Dazzi, F. A1 - De Franco, A. A1 - de la Calle, I. A1 - Lopez, R. de los Reyes A1 - De Lotto, B. A1 - De Palma, F. A1 - Di Girolamo, T. A1 - Di Giulio, C. A1 - Di Pierro, F. A1 - Dournaux, J. -L. A1 - Dwarkadas, Vikram V. A1 - Ebr, J. A1 - Egberts, Kathrin A1 - Fesquet, M. A1 - Fleischhack, H. A1 - Font, L. A1 - Fontaine, G. A1 - Foerster, A. A1 - Füßling, Matthias A1 - Garcia, B. A1 - Lopez, R. Garcia A1 - Garczarczyk, M. A1 - Gargano, F. A1 - Garrido, D. A1 - Gaug, M. A1 - Giglietto, N. A1 - Giordano, F. A1 - Giuliani, A. A1 - Godinovic, N. A1 - Gonzalez, M. M. A1 - Grabarczyk, T. A1 - Hassan, T. A1 - Hoerandel, J. A1 - Hrabovsky, M. A1 - Hrupec, D. A1 - Humensky, T. B. A1 - Huovelin, J. A1 - Jamrozy, M. A1 - Janecek, P. A1 - Kaaret, P. E. A1 - Katz, U. A1 - Kaufmann, S. A1 - Khelifi, B. A1 - Kluzniak, W. A1 - Kocot, J. A1 - Komin, N. A1 - Kubo, H. A1 - Kushida, J. A1 - Lamanna, G. A1 - Lee, W. H. A1 - Lenain, J. -P. A1 - Lohse, T. A1 - Lombardi, S. A1 - Lopez-Coto, R. A1 - Lopez-Oramas, A. A1 - Lucarelli, F. A1 - Maccarone, M. C. A1 - Maier, G. A1 - Majumdar, P. A1 - Malaguti, G. A1 - Mandat, D. A1 - Mazziotta, Mario Nicola A1 - Meagher, K. A1 - Mirabal, N. A1 - Morselli, A. A1 - Moulin, Emmanuel A1 - Niemiec, J. A1 - Nievas, M. A1 - Nishijima, K. A1 - Nosek, D. A1 - Nunio, F. A1 - Ohishi, M. A1 - Ohm, S. A1 - Ong, R. A. A1 - Orito, R. A1 - Otte, N. A1 - Palatka, M. A1 - Pareschi, G. A1 - Pech, M. A1 - Persic, M. A1 - Pohl, Manuela A1 - Prouza, M. A1 - Quirrenbach, A. A1 - Raino, S. A1 - Fernandez, G. Rodriguez A1 - Romano, Patrizia A1 - Rovero, A. C. A1 - Rudak, B. A1 - Schovanek, P. A1 - Shayduk, M. A1 - Siejkowski, H. A1 - Sillanpaa, A. A1 - Stefanik, S. A1 - Stolarczyk, T. A1 - Szanecki, M. A1 - Szepieniec, T. A1 - Tejedor, L. A. A1 - Telezhinsky, Igor O. A1 - Teshima, M. A1 - Tibaldo, L. A1 - Tibolla, O. A1 - Tovmassian, G. A1 - Travnicek, P. A1 - Trzeciak, M. A1 - Vallania, P. A1 - van Eldik, C. A1 - Vercellone, S. A1 - Vigorito, C. A1 - Wagner, S. J. A1 - Wakely, S. P. A1 - Weinstein, A. A1 - Wierzcholska, A. A1 - Wilhelm, Alina A1 - Wojcik, P. A1 - Yoshikoshi, T. T1 - The Cherenkov Telescope Array potential for the study of young supernova remnants JF - Astroparticle physics N2 - Supernova remnants (SNRs) are among the most important targets for gamma-ray observatories. Being prominent non-thermal sources, they are very likely responsible for the acceleration of the bulk of Galactic cosmic rays (CRS). To firmly establish the SNR paradigm for the origin of cosmic rays, it should be confirmed that protons are indeed accelerated in, and released from, SNRs with the appropriate flux and spectrum. This can be done by detailed theoretical models which account for microphysics of acceleration and various radiation processes of hadrons and leptons. The current generation of Cherenkov telescopes has insufficient sensitivity to constrain theoretical models. A new facility, the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), will have superior capabilities and may finally resolve this long standing issue of high-energy astrophysics. We want to assess the capabilities of CTA to reveal the physics of various types of SNRs in the initial 2000 years of their evolution. During this time, the efficiency to accelerate cosmic rays is highest. We perform time-dependent simulations of the hydrodynamics, the magnetic fields, the cosmic-ray acceleration, and the non-thermal emission for type Ia, Ic and IIP SNRs. We calculate the CTA response to the y-ray emission from these SNRs for various ages and distances, and we perform a realistic analysis of the simulated data. We derive distance limits for the detectability and resolvability of these SNR types at several ages. We test the ability of CTA to reconstruct their morphological and spectral parameters as a function of their distance. Finally, we estimate how well CTA data will constrain the theoretical models. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Acceleration of particles KW - Gamma rays: General KW - ISM: Supernova remnants KW - Radiation mechanisms: Non-termal Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2014.08.005 SN - 0927-6505 SN - 1873-2852 VL - 62 SP - 152 EP - 164 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mendel, Ralf R. A1 - Leimkühler, Silke T1 - The biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactors JF - Journal of biological inorganic chemistry N2 - The biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactors (Moco) is an ancient, ubiquitous, and highly conserved pathway leading to the biochemical activation of molybdenum. Moco is the essential component of a group of redox enzymes, which are diverse in terms of their phylogenetic distribution and their architectures, both at the overall level and in their catalytic geometry. A wide variety of transformations are catalyzed by these enzymes at carbon, sulfur and nitrogen atoms, which include the transfer of an oxo group or two electrons to or from the substrate. More than 50 molybdoenzymes were identified to date. In all molybdoenzymes except nitrogenase, molybdenum is coordinated to a dithiolene group on the 6-alkyl side chain of a pterin called molybdopterin (MPT). The biosynthesis of Moco can be divided into three general steps, with a fourth one present only in bacteria and archaea: (1) formation of the cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate, (2) formation of MPT, (3) insertion of molybdenum into molybdopterin to form Moco, and (4) additional modification of Moco in bacteria with the attachment of a nucleotide to the phosphate group of MPT, forming the dinucleotide variant of Moco. This review will focus on the biosynthesis of Moco in bacteria, humans and plants. KW - Molybdenum KW - Molybdenum cofactor KW - cPMP KW - bis-MGD KW - Sulfuration KW - Sulfite oxidase Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-014-1173-y SN - 0949-8257 SN - 1432-1327 VL - 20 IS - 2 SP - 337 EP - 347 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Taubert, Andreas T1 - Electrospinning of Ionogels: Current Status and Future Perspectives JF - European journal of inorganic chemistry : a journal of ChemPubSoc Europe N2 - Ionogels (IGs), also termed ion gels, are functional hybrid materials based on an ionic liquid (IL) and a polymeric, hybrid, or inorganic matrix. IGs combine the properties of the matrix such as mechanical strength with IL properties like high ionic conductivity, high thermal stability, or catalytic activity. IGs are thus attractive for many applications, but the vast majority of IGs made and published so far are bulk materials or dense films. Applications like sensing or catalysis, however, would benefit from IGs with high surface areas or defined surface morphologies or architectures. In spite of this, only relatively few examples of high-surface-area IGs have been made so far; this has mostly been achieved by electrospinning, which has proven to be a promising strategy towards advanced IGs. The current review discusses first developments and outlines the future potential of electrospun ionogels, predominantly from a materials and inorganic chemistry perspective. KW - Ionic liquids KW - Ionogels KW - Hybrid materials KW - Electrospinning KW - Heterogeneous catalysis KW - Sensors KW - Energy KW - Health Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201402490 SN - 1434-1948 SN - 1099-0682 IS - 7 SP - 1148 EP - 1159 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schulz, Michael Karl T1 - Politics and Law: Perspective Series of German-Jewish History JF - German history : the journal of the German History Societ Y1 - 2015 SN - 0266-3554 SN - 1477-089X VL - 33 IS - 1 SP - 145 EP - 147 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Winst, Silke T1 - A Test to Narrate. Studies on Interpretation and contextualization of Charles's Literature 'Morant and Galie' JF - Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/bgsl-2015-0012 SN - 0005-8076 SN - 1865-9373 VL - 137 IS - 1 SP - 160 EP - 164 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ong, Albert C. M. A1 - von Websky, Karoline A1 - Hocher, Berthold T1 - Endothelin and Tubulointerstitial Renal Disease JF - Seminars in nephrology N2 - All components of the endothelin (ET) system are present in renal tubular cells. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about ET and the most common tubular diseases: acute kidney injury (AKI) and polycystic kidney disease. AKI originally was called acute tubular necrosis, pointing to the most prominent morphologic findings. Similarly, cysts in polycystic kidney disease, and especially in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease, are of tubular origin. Preclinical studies have indicated that the ET system and particularly ETA receptors are involved in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion injury, although these findings have not been translated to clinical studies. The ET system also has been implicated in radiocontrast-dye-induced AKI, however, ET-receptor blockade in a large human study was not successful. The ET system is activated in sepsis models of AKI; the effectiveness of ET blocking agents in preclinical studies is variable depending on the model and the ET-receptor antagonist used. Numerous studies have shown that the ET system plays an important role in the complex pathophysiology associated with cyst formation and disease progression in polycystic kidney disease. However, results from selective targeting of ET-receptor subtypes in animal models of polycystic kidney disease have proved disappointing and do not support clinical trials. These studies have shown that a critical balance between ETA and ETB receptor action is necessary to maintain structure and function in the cystic kidney. In summary, ETs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several renal tubulointerstitial diseases, however, experimental animal findings have not yet led to use of ET blockers in human beings. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. KW - Endothelin KW - acute kidney injury KW - polycystic kidney disease KW - ADPKD KW - ET-1 KW - ETA KW - ETB Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semnephrol.2015.03.004 SN - 0270-9295 SN - 1558-4488 VL - 35 IS - 2 SP - 197 EP - 207 PB - Elsevier CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jacobi, Juliane T1 - The Chosen Few: How Education Shaped Jewish History (70 - 1492) JF - Paedagogica historica : international journal of the history of education Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/00309230.2014.895117 SN - 0030-9230 SN - 1477-674X VL - 51 IS - 1-2 SP - 243 EP - 246 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Knapp, Michael A1 - Lalueza-Fox, Carles A1 - Hofreiter, Michael T1 - Re-inventing ancient human DNA JF - Investigative Genetics N2 - For a long time, the analysis of ancient human DNA represented one of the most controversial disciplines in an already controversial field of research. Scepticism in this field was only matched by the long-lasting controversy over the authenticity of ancient pathogen DNA. This ambiguous view on ancient human DNA had a dichotomous root. On the one hand, the interest in ancient human DNA is great because such studies touch on the history and evolution of our own species. On the other hand, because these studies are dealing with samples from our own species, results are easily compromised by contamination of the experiments with modern human DNA, which is ubiquitous in the environment. Consequently, some of the most disputed studies published - apart maybe from early reports on million year old dinosaur or amber DNA - reported DNA analyses from human subfossil remains. However, the development of so-called next-or second-generation sequencing (SGS) in 2005 and the technological advances associated with it have generated new confidence in the genetic study of ancient human remains. The ability to sequence shorter DNA fragments than with PCR amplification coupled to traditional Sanger sequencing, along with very high sequencing throughput have both reduced the risk of sequencing modern contamination and provided tools to evaluate the authenticity of DNA sequence data. The field is now rapidly developing, providing unprecedented insights into the evolution of our own species and past human population dynamics as well as the evolution and history of human pathogens and epidemics. Here, we review how recent technological improvements have rapidly transformed ancient human DNA research from a highly controversial subject to a central component of modern anthropological research. We also discuss potential future directions of ancient human DNA research. KW - Archaic humans KW - Human evolution KW - Human population genomics KW - Next/second-generation sequencing Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13323-015-0020-4 SN - 2041-2223 VL - 6 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lesinski, Melanie A1 - Hortobagyi, Tibor A1 - Mühlbauer, Thomas A1 - Gollhofer, Albert A1 - Granacher, Urs T1 - Dose-Response Relationships of Balance Training in Healthy Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis JF - Sports medicine N2 - Background Balance training (BT) has been used for the promotion of balance and sports-related skills as well as for prevention and rehabilitation of lower extremity sport injuries. However, evidence-based dose-response relationships in BT parameters have not yet been established. Objective The objective of this systematic literature review and meta-analysis was to determine dose-response relationships in BT parameters that lead to improvements in balance in young healthy adults with different training status. Data Sources A computerized systematic literature search was performed in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and SPORTDiscus from January 1984 up to May 2014 to capture all articles related to BT in young healthy adults. Study Eligibility Criteria A systematic approach was used to evaluate the 596 articles identified for initial review. Only randomized controlled studies were included if they investigated BT in young healthy adults (16-40 years) and tested at least one behavioral balance performance outcome. In total, 25 studies met the inclusion criteria for review. Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods Studies were evaluated using the physiotherapy evidence database (PEDro) scale. Within-subject effect sizes (ESdw) and between-subject effect sizes (ESdb) were calculated. The included studies were coded for the following criteria: training status (elite athletes, sub-elite athletes, recreational athletes, untrained subjects), training modalities (training period, frequency, volume, etc.), and balance outcome (test for the assessment of steady-state, proactive, and reactive balance). Results Mean ESdb demonstrated that BT is an effective means to improve steady-state (ESdb = 0.73) and proactive balance (ESdb = 0.92) in healthy young adults. Studies including elite athletes showed the largest effects (ESdb = 1.29) on measures of steady-state balance as compared with studies analyzing sub-elite athletes (ESdb = 0.32), recreational athletes (ESdb = 0.69), and untrained subjects (ESdb = 0.82). Our analyses regarding dose-response relationships in BT revealed that a training period of 11-12 weeks (ESdb = 1.09), a training frequency of three (mean ESdb = 0.72) or six (single ESdb = 1.84) sessions per week, at least 16-19 training sessions in total (ESdb = 1.12), a duration of 11-15 min for a single training session (ESdb = 1.11), four exercises per training session (ESdb = 1.29), two sets per exercise (ESdb = 1.63), and a duration of 21-40 s for a single BT exercise (ESdb = 1.06) is most effective in improving measures of steady-state balance. Due to a small number of studies, dose-response relationships of BT for measures of proactive and reactive balance could not be qualified. Limitations The present findings must be interpreted with caution because it is difficult to separate the impact of a single training modality (e.g., training frequency) from that of the others. Moreover, the quality of the included studies was rather limited, with a mean PEDro score of 5. Conclusions Our detailed analyses revealed effective BT parameters for the improvement of steady-state balance. Thus, practitioners and coaches are advised to consult the identified dose-response relationships of this systematic literature review and meta-analysis to implement effective BT protocols in clinical and sports-related contexts. However, further research of high methodological quality is needed to (1) determine dose-response relationships of BT for measures of proactive and reactive balance, (2) define effective sequencing protocols in BT (e.g., BT before or after a regular training session), (3) discern the effects of detraining, and (4) develop a feasible and effective method to regulate training intensity in BT. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0284-5 SN - 0112-1642 SN - 1179-2035 VL - 45 IS - 4 SP - 557 EP - 576 PB - Springer CY - Northcote ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scheller, Henrik T1 - Framing Citizen Participation: Participatory Budgeting in France, Germany and the United Kingdom JF - German politics Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/09644008.2015.1032511 SN - 0964-4008 SN - 1743-8993 VL - 24 IS - 2 SP - 210 EP - 211 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Witzel, Katja A1 - Neugart, Susanne A1 - Ruppel, Silke A1 - Schreiner, Monika A1 - Wiesner, Melanie A1 - Baldermann, Susanne T1 - Recent progress in the use of 'omics technologies in brassicaceous vegetables JF - Frontiers in plant science N2 - Continuing advances in 'omics methodologies and instrumentation is enhancing the understanding of how plants cope with the dynamic nature of their growing environment. 'Omics platforms have been only recently extended to cover horticultural crop species. Many of the most widely cultivated vegetable crops belong to the genus Brassica: these include plants grown for their root (turnip, rutabaga/swede), their swollen stem base (kohlrabi), their leaves (cabbage, kale, pak choi) and their inflorescence (cauliflower, broccoli). Characterization at the genome, transcript, protein and metabolite levels has illustrated the complexity of the cellular response to a whole series of environmental stresses, including nutrient deficiency, pathogen attack, heavy metal toxicity, cold acclimation, and excessive and sub optimal irradiation. This review covers recent applications of omics technologies to the brassicaceous vegetables, and discusses future scenarios in achieving improvements in crop end-use quality. KW - genomics KW - transcriptomics KW - metabolomics KW - proteomics KW - crop KW - microbiomics Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00244 SN - 1664-462X VL - 6 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Omranian, Nooshin A1 - Kleessen, Sabrina A1 - Tohge, Takayuki A1 - Klie, Sebastian A1 - Basler, Georg A1 - Müller-Röber, Bernd A1 - Fernie, Alisdair R. A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran T1 - Differential metabolic and coexpression networks of plant metabolism JF - Trends in plant science N2 - Recent analyses have demonstrated that plant metabolic networks do not differ in their structural properties and that genes involved in basic metabolic processes show smaller coexpression than genes involved in specialized metabolism. By contrast, our analysis reveals differences in the structure of plant metabolic networks and patterns of coexpression for genes in (non)specialized metabolism. Here we caution that conclusions concerning the organization of plant metabolism based on network-driven analyses strongly depend on the computational approaches used. KW - plant specialized metabolism KW - metabolic networks KW - gene coexpression KW - differential network analysis Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2015.02.002 SN - 1360-1385 VL - 20 IS - 5 SP - 266 EP - 268 PB - Elsevier CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tillack-Graf, Anne-Kathleen T1 - Nurses and Midwives in Nazi Germany: The "Euthanasia Programs" JF - Social history of medicine : the journal of the Society for the Social History of Medicine Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkv027 SN - 0951-631X SN - 1477-4666 VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 413 EP - 415 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krüger, Hans-Peter T1 - Life-Philosophical Anthropology as the Missing Third: On Peter Gordon's Continental Divide JF - History of European ideas N2 - Though Peter Gordon mentioned philosophical anthropology in his book Continental Divide, he has not yet realized how it works independently from Cassirer's and Heidegger's prejudices. The whole argument between them before, in and after Davos (1929) raged around the status of philosophical anthropology: How do the spiritualisation of life and the enlivening of the spirit come about? This was not just the central question for philosophical anthropology founded by Max Scheler, but also in Wilhelm Dilthey's life philosophy, which was systematized by Georg Misch. Cassirer and Heidegger shared three shortcomings with respect to the Life-philosophical Anthropology. Neither had a philosophy of nature or a philosophy of sociaty or a philosophy of history. The insight into the unfathomability of humans (Misch) is given a political edge in Helmuth Plessner's book Power and Human Nature (1931). Elevating it to the principle of democratic equality with respect to the worth of all cultures one opens up the potential for a form of civil competition that might supersede ethnocentric wars. KW - philosophical anthropology, anthropological philosophy, unfathomability of humans KW - human life in nature, society, and history Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/01916599.2014.981019 SN - 0191-6599 SN - 1873-541X VL - 41 IS - 4 SP - 432 EP - 439 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prüfer, Nicole A1 - Kleuser, Burkhard A1 - van der Giet, Markus T1 - The role of serum amyloid A and sphingosine-1-phosphate on high-density lipoprotein functionality JF - Biological chemistry N2 - The high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is one of the most important endogenous cardiovascular protective markers. HDL is an attractive target in the search for new pharmaceutical therapies and in the prevention of cardiovascular events. Some of HDL's anti-atherogenic properties are related to the signaling molecule sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which plays an important role in vascular homeostasis. However, for different patient populations it seems more complicated. Significant changes in HDL's protective potency are reduced under pathologic conditions and HDL might even serve as a proatherogenic particle. Under uremic conditions especially there is a change in the compounds associated with HDL. S1P is reduced and acute phase proteins such as serum amyloid A (SAA) are found to be elevated in HDL. The conversion of HDL in inflammation changes the functional properties of HDL. High amounts of SAA are associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. SAA has potent pro-atherogenic properties, which may have impact on HDL's biological functions, including cholesterol efflux capacity, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. This review focuses on two molecules that affect the functionality of HDL. The balance between functional and dysfunctional HDL is disturbed after the loss of the protective sphingolipid molecule S1P and the accumulation of the acute-phase protein SAA. This review also summarizes the biological activities of lipid-free and lipid-bound SAA and its impact on HDL function. KW - atherosclerosis KW - high-density lipoprotein (HDL) KW - inflammation KW - serum amyloid A (SAA) KW - sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2014-0192 SN - 1431-6730 SN - 1437-4315 VL - 396 IS - 6-7 SP - 573 EP - 583 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yokoyama, Kenichi A1 - Leimkühler, Silke T1 - The role of FeS clusters for molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis and molybdoenzymes in bacteria JF - Biochimica et biophysica acta : Molecular cell research N2 - The biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) has been intensively studied, in addition to its insertion into molybdoenzymes. In particular, a link between the assembly of molybdoenzymes and the biosynthesis of FeS clusters has been identified in the recent years: 1) the synthesis of the first intermediate in Moco biosynthesis requires an FeS-cluster containing protein, 2) the sulfurtransferase for the dithiolene group in Moco is also involved in the synthesis of FeS clusters, thiamin and thiolated tRNAs, 3) the addition of a sulfido-ligand to the molybdenum atom in the active site additionally involves a sulfurtransferase, and 4) most molybdoenzymes in bacteria require FeS clusters as redox active cofactors. In this review we will focus on the biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor in bacteria, its modification and insertion into molybdoenzymes, with an emphasis to its link to FeS cluster biosynthesis and sulfur transfer. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Molybdenum-iron-iron-sulfur cluster KW - Molybdenum cofactor KW - tRNA KW - Sulfur transfer KW - L-Cysteine desulfurase Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.09.021 SN - 0167-4889 SN - 0006-3002 VL - 1853 IS - 6 SP - 1335 EP - 1349 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schlitt, Axel A1 - Kamke, Wolfram A1 - Guha, Manju A1 - Haberecht, Olaf A1 - Völler, Heinz T1 - Atrial Fibrillation: The correct Procedure in the cardiac Rehabilitation JF - Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift : DMW ; Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Innere Medizin (DGIM) ; Organ der Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte (GDNÄ) Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-102733 SN - 0012-0472 SN - 1439-4413 VL - 140 IS - 13 SP - 1006 EP - U100 PB - Thieme CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dietzel, Irene T1 - Innovation in the Orthodox Christian tradition? The question of change in Greek Orthodox thought and practice JF - Religion, state & society Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/09637494.2015.1087116 SN - 0963-7494 SN - 1465-3974 VL - 43 IS - 3 SP - 317 EP - 319 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krajenbrink, Trudy A1 - Nickels, Lyndsey A1 - Kohnen, Saskia T1 - Generalisation after treatment of acquired spelling impairments: A review JF - Neuropsychological rehabilitation N2 - This paper provides a comprehensive review of treatment studies of acquired dysgraphia and the occurrence of generalisation after this treatment. The aim is to examine what determines the occurrence of generalisation by investigating the link between the level of impairment, the method of treatment, and the outcome of therapy. We present the outcomes of treatment with regard to generalisation in 40 treatment studies. We derive general principles of generalisation which provide us with a better understanding of the mechanism of generalisation: (1) Direct treatment effects on representations or processes; (2) interactive processing and summation of activation; and (3) strategies and compensatory skills. We discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of the cognitive processes used for spelling. Finally, we provide suggestions for the direction of further research into this important area, as a better understanding of the mechanism of generalisation could maximise treatment effects for an individual with acquired dysgraphia. KW - Generalisation KW - Spelling KW - Treatment KW - Acquired dysgraphia Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2014.983135 SN - 0960-2011 SN - 1464-0694 VL - 25 IS - 4 SP - 503 EP - 554 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vogt, Julia H. M. A1 - Schippers, Jos H. M. T1 - Setting the PAS, the role of circadian PAS domain proteins during environmental adaptation in plants JF - Frontiers in plant science N2 - The per-ARNT-sim (PAS) domain represents an ancient protein module that can be found across all kingdoms of life. The domain functions as a sensing unit for a diverse array of signals, including molecular oxygen, small metabolites, and light. In plants, several PAS domain-containing proteins form an integral part of the circadian clock and regulate responses to environmental change. Moreover, these proteins function in pathways that control development and plant stress adaptation responses. Here, we discuss the role of PAS domain-containing proteins in anticipation, and adaptation to environmental changes in plants. KW - PAS domain KW - circadian clock KW - signal transduction KW - environmental stress response KW - growth adaptation Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00513 SN - 1664-462X VL - 6 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bernhardt, Anne A1 - Melnick, Daniel A1 - Hebbeln, Dierk A1 - Lückge, Andreas A1 - Strecker, Manfred T1 - Turbidite paleoseismology along the active continental margin of Chile - Feasible or not? JF - Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal N2 - Much progress has been made in estimating recurrence intervals of great and giant subduction earthquakes using terrestrial, lacustrine, and marine paleoseismic archives. Recent detailed records suggest these earthquakes may have variable recurrence periods and magnitudes forming supercycles. Understanding seismic supercycles requires long paleoseismic archives that record timing and magnitude of such events. Turbidite paleoseismic archives may potentially extend past earthquake records to the Pleistocene and can thus complement commonly shorter-term terrestrial archives. However, in order to unambiguously establish recurring seismicity as a trigger mechanism for turbidity currents, synchronous deposition of turbidites in widely spaced, isolated depocenters has to be ascertained. Furthermore, characteristics that predispose a seismically active continental margin to turbidite paleoseismology and the correct sample site selection have to be taken into account. Here we analyze 8 marine sediment cores along 950 km of the Chile margin to test for the feasibility of compiling detailed and continuous paleoseismic records based on turbidites. Our results suggest that the deposition of areally widespread, synchronous turbidites triggered by seismicity is largely controlled by sediment supply and, hence, the climatic and geomorphic conditions of the adjacent subaerial setting. The feasibility of compiling a turbidite paleoseismic record depends on the delicate balance between sufficient sediment supply providing material to fail frequently during seismic shaking and sufficiently low sedimentation rates to allow for coeval accumulation of planktonic foraminifera for high-resolution radiocarbon dating. We conclude that offshore northern central Chile (29-32.5 degrees S) Holocene turbidite paleoseismology is not feasible, because sediment supply from the semi-arid mainland is low and almost no Holocene turbidity-current deposits are found in the cores. In contrast, in the humid region between 36 and 38 degrees S frequent Holocene turbidite deposition may generally correspond to paleoseismic events. However, high terrigenous sedimentation rates prevent high-resolution radiocarbon dating. The climatic transition region between 32.5 and 36 degrees S appears to be best suited for turbidite paleoseismology. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Turbidite paleoseismology KW - Chile convergent margin KW - Earthquake KW - Seismoturbidites Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.04.001 SN - 0277-3791 VL - 120 SP - 71 EP - 92 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaeffner, Melanie A1 - Hüttermann, Hendrik A1 - Gebert, Diether A1 - Boerner, Sabine A1 - Kearney, Eric A1 - Song, Lynda Jiwen T1 - Swim or Sink Together: The Potential of Collective Team Identification and Team Member Alignment for Separating Task and Relationship Conflicts JF - Group & organization management N2 - This article investigates collective team identification and team member alignment (i.e., the existence of short- and long-term team goals and team-based reward structures) as moderators of the association between task and relationship conflicts. Being indicators of cooperative goal interdependence in teams, both moderators are hypothesized to mitigate the positive association between the two conflict types. Findings from 88 development teams confirm the moderating effect for collective team identification, but not for team member alignment. Moreover, the moderating role of collective team identification is found to be dependent on the level of task conflict: It is more effective in decoupling task and relationship conflicts at medium as compared with high or low levels of task conflict. KW - task conflict KW - relationship conflict KW - collective team identification KW - team member alignment KW - cooperative goal interdependence Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601114561059 SN - 1059-6011 SN - 1552-3993 VL - 40 IS - 4 SP - 467 EP - 499 PB - Sage Publ. CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hortobagyi, Tibor A1 - Lesinski, Melanie A1 - Fernandez-del-Olmo, Miguel A1 - Granacher, Urs T1 - Small and inconsistent effects of whole body vibration on athletic performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis JF - European journal of applied physiology N2 - We quantified the acute and chronic effects of whole body vibration on athletic performance or its proxy measures in competitive and/or elite athletes. Systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Whole body vibration combined with exercise had an overall 0.3 % acute effect on maximal voluntary leg force (-6.4 %, effect size = -0.43, 1 study), leg power (4.7 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.30, 6 studies), flexibility (4.6 %, effect size = -0.12 to 0.22, 2 studies), and athletic performance (-1.9 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.26, 6 studies) in 191 (103 male, 88 female) athletes representing eight sports (overall effect size = 0.28). Whole body vibration combined with exercise had an overall 10.2 % chronic effect on maximal voluntary leg force (14.6 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.44, 5 studies), leg power (10.7 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.42, 9 studies), flexibility (16.5 %, effect size = 0.57 to 0.61, 2 studies), and athletic performance (-1.2 %, weighted mean effect size = 0.45, 5 studies) in 437 (169 male, 268 female) athletes (overall effect size = 0.44). Whole body vibration has small and inconsistent acute and chronic effects on athletic performance in competitive and/or elite athletes. These findings lead to the hypothesis that neuromuscular adaptive processes following whole body vibration are not specific enough to enhance athletic performance. Thus, other types of exercise programs (e.g., resistance training) are recommended if the goal is to improve athletic performance. KW - Exercise KW - Muscle KW - Force KW - Power KW - Skill KW - Reflex KW - Endocrine KW - Metabolism Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-015-3194-9 SN - 1439-6319 SN - 1439-6327 VL - 115 IS - 8 SP - 1605 EP - 1625 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frank, Dorothe A. A1 - Reichstein, Markus A1 - Bahn, Michael A1 - Thonicke, Kirsten A1 - Frank, David A1 - Mahecha, Miguel D. A1 - Smith, Pete A1 - Van der Velde, Marijn A1 - Vicca, Sara A1 - Babst, Flurin A1 - Beer, Christian A1 - Buchmann, Nina A1 - Canadell, Josep G. A1 - Ciais, Philippe A1 - Cramer, Wolfgang A1 - Ibrom, Andreas A1 - Miglietta, Franco A1 - Poulter, Ben A1 - Rammig, Anja A1 - Seneviratne, Sonia I. A1 - Walz, Ariane A1 - Wattenbach, Martin A1 - Zavala, Miguel A. A1 - Zscheischler, Jakob T1 - Effects of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle: concepts, processes and potential future impacts JF - Global change biology N2 - Extreme droughts, heat waves, frosts, precipitation, wind storms and other climate extremes may impact the structure, composition and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, and thus carbon cycling and its feedbacks to the climate system. Yet, the interconnected avenues through which climate extremes drive ecological and physiological processes and alter the carbon balance are poorly understood. Here, we review the literature on carbon cycle relevant responses of ecosystems to extreme climatic events. Given that impacts of climate extremes are considered disturbances, we assume the respective general disturbance-induced mechanisms and processes to also operate in an extreme context. The paucity of well-defined studies currently renders a quantitative meta-analysis impossible, but permits us to develop a deductive framework for identifying the main mechanisms (and coupling thereof) through which climate extremes may act on the carbon cycle. We find that ecosystem responses can exceed the duration of the climate impacts via lagged effects on the carbon cycle. The expected regional impacts of future climate extremes will depend on changes in the probability and severity of their occurrence, on the compound effects and timing of different climate extremes, and on the vulnerability of each land-cover type modulated by management. Although processes and sensitivities differ among biomes, based on expert opinion, we expect forests to exhibit the largest net effect of extremes due to their large carbon pools and fluxes, potentially large indirect and lagged impacts, and long recovery time to regain previous stocks. At the global scale, we presume that droughts have the strongest and most widespread effects on terrestrial carbon cycling. Comparing impacts of climate extremes identified via remote sensing vs. ground-based observational case studies reveals that many regions in the (sub-)tropics are understudied. Hence, regional investigations are needed to allow a global upscaling of the impacts of climate extremes on global carbon-climate feedbacks. KW - carbon cycle KW - climate change KW - climate extremes KW - climate variability KW - disturbance KW - terrestrial ecosystems Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12916 SN - 1354-1013 SN - 1365-2486 VL - 21 IS - 8 SP - 2861 EP - 2880 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fettke, Jörg A1 - Fernie, Alisdair R. T1 - Intracellular and cell-to-apoplast compartmentation of carbohydrate metabolism JF - Trends in plant science N2 - In most plants, carbohydrates represent the major energy store as well as providing the building blocks for essential structural polymers. Although the major pathways for carbohydrate biosynthesis, degradation, and transport are well characterized, several key steps have only recently been discovered. In addition, several novel minor metabolic routes have been uncovered in the past few years. Here we review current studies of plant carbohydrate metabolism detailing the expanding compendium of functionally characterized transport proteins as well as our deeper comprehension of more minor and conditionally activated metabolic pathways. We additionally explore the pertinent questions that will allow us to enhance our understanding of the response of both major and minor carbohydrate fluxes to changing cellular circumstances. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2015.04.012 SN - 1360-1385 VL - 20 IS - 8 SP - 490 EP - 497 PB - Elsevier CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heckmann, Tobias A1 - Schwanghart, Wolfgang A1 - Phillips, Jonathan D. T1 - Graph theory-recent developments of its application in geomorphology JF - Geomorphology : an international journal on pure and applied geomorphology N2 - Applications of graph theory have proliferated across the academic spectrum in recent years. Whereas geosciences and landscape ecology have made rich use of graph theory, its use seems limited in physical geography, and particularly in geomorphology. Common applications of graph theory analyses of connectivity, path or transport efficiencies, subnetworks, network structure, system behaviour and dynamics, and network optimization or engineering all have uses or potential uses in geomorphology and closely related fields. In this paper, we give a short introduction to graph theory and review previous geomorphological applications or works in related fields that have been particularly influential. Network-like geomorphic systems can be classified into nonspatial or spatially implicit system components linked by statistical/causal relationships and spatial units linked by some spatial relationship, for example by fluxes of matter and/or energy. We argue that, if geomorphic system properties and behaviour (e.g., complexity, sensitivity, synchronisability, historical contingency, connectivity etc.) depend on system structure and if graph theory is able to quantitatively describe the configuration of system components, then graph theory should provide us with tools that help in quantifying system properties and in inferring system behaviour. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Graph theory KW - Network analysis KW - Spatial and nonspatial graphs KW - Geomorphic systems KW - Modelling Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.12.024 SN - 0169-555X SN - 1872-695X VL - 243 SP - 130 EP - 146 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hartmann, Tobias A1 - Schwanhold, Nadine A1 - Leimkühler, Silke T1 - Assembly and catalysis of molybdenum or tungsten-containing formate dehydrogenases from bacteria JF - Biochimica et biophysica acta : Proteins and proteomics N2 - The global carbon cycle depends on the biological transformations of C-1 compounds, which include the reductive incorporation of CO2 into organic molecules (e.g. in photosynthesis and other autotrophic pathways), in addition to the production of CO2 from formate, a reaction that is catalyzed by formate dehydrogenases (FDHs). FDHs catalyze, in general, the oxidation of formate to CO2 and H+. However, selected enzymes were identified to act as CO2 reductases, which are able to reduce CO2 to formate under physiological conditions. This reaction is of interest for the generation of formate as a convenient storage form of H-2 for future applications. Cofactor-containing FDHs are found in anaerobic bacteria and archaea, in addition to facultative anaerobic or aerobic bacteria. These enzymes are highly diverse and employ different cofactors such as the molybdenum cofactor (Moco), FeS clusters and flavins, or cytochromes. Some enzymes include tungsten (W) in place of molybdenum (Mo) at the active site. For catalytic activity, a selenocysteine (SeCys) or cysteine (Cys) ligand at the Mo atom in the active site is essential for the reaction. This review will focus on the characterization of Mo- and W-containing FDHs from bacteria, their active site structure, subunit compositions and its proposed catalytic mechanism. We will give an overview on the different mechanisms of substrate conversion available so far, in addition to providing an outlook on bio-applications of FDHs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cofactor-dependent proteins: evolution, chemical diversity and bio-applications. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Molybdenum cofactor KW - L-Cysteine desulfurase KW - Formate dehydrogenase KW - Chaperone KW - Bis-MGD Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.12.006 SN - 1570-9639 SN - 0006-3002 VL - 1854 IS - 9 SP - 1090 EP - 1100 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Campbell, Kevin L. A1 - Hofreiter, Michael T1 - Resurrecting phenotypes from ancient DNA sequences: promises and perspectives JF - Canadian journal of zoology = Revue canadienne de zoologie N2 - Anatomical changes in extinct mammalian lineages over evolutionary time, such as the loss of fingers and teeth and the rapid increase in body size that accompanied the late Miocene dispersal of the progenitors of Steller's sea cows (Hydrodamalis gigas (Zimmermann, 1780)) into North Pacific waters and the convergent development of a thick pelage and accompanying reductions in ear and tail surface area of woolly mammoths (Mammuthus primigenius (Blumenbach, 1799)) and woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis (Blumenbach, 1799)), are prime examples of adaptive evolution underlying the exploitation of new habitats. It is likely, however, that biochemical specializations adopted during these evolutionary transitions were of similar or even greater biological importance. As these "living" processes do not fossilize, direct information regarding the physiological attributes of extinct species has largely remained beyond the range of scientific inquiry. However, the ability to retrieve genomic sequences from ancient DNA samples, combined with ectopic expression systems, now permit the evolutionary origins and structural and functional properties of authentic prehistoric proteins to be examined in great detail. Exponential technical advances in ancient DNA retrieval, enrichment, and sequencing will soon permit targeted generation of complete genomes from hundreds of extinct species across the last one million years that, in combination with emerging in vitro expression, genome engineering, and cell differentiation techniques, promises to herald an exciting new trajectory of evolutionary research at the interface of biochemistry, genomics, palaeontology, and cell biology. KW - paleophysiology KW - ancient DNA KW - extinct species KW - adaptation KW - protein structure Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2014-0337 SN - 0008-4301 SN - 1480-3283 VL - 93 IS - 9 SP - 701 EP - 710 PB - NRC Research Press CY - Ottawa ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dittmann-Thünemann, Elke A1 - Gugger, Muriel A1 - Sivonen, Kaarina A1 - Fewer, David P. T1 - Natural Product Biosynthetic Diversity and Comparative Genomics of the Cyanobacteria JF - Trends in microbiology N2 - Cyanobacteria are an ancient lineage of slow-growing photosynthetic bacteria and a prolific source of natural products with intricate chemical structures and potent biological activities. The bulk of these natural products are known from just a handful of genera. Recent efforts have elucidated the mechanisms underpinning the biosynthesis of a diverse array of natural products from cyanobacteria. Many of the biosynthetic mechanisms are unique to cyanobacteria or rarely described from other organisms. Advances in genome sequence technology have precipitated a deluge of genome sequences for cyanobacteria. This makes it possible to link known natural products to biosynthetic gene clusters but also accelerates the discovery of new natural products through genome mining. These studies demonstrate that cyanobacteria encode a huge variety of cryptic gene clusters for the production of natural products, and the known chemical diversity is likely to be just a fraction of the true biosynthetic capabilities of this fascinating and ancient group of organisms. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2015.07.008 SN - 0966-842X SN - 1878-4380 VL - 23 IS - 10 SP - 642 EP - 652 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Winter, Bodo A1 - Matlock, Teenie A1 - Shaki, Samuel A1 - Fischer, Martin H. T1 - Mental number space in three dimensions JF - Neuroscience & biobehavioral reviews : official journal of the International Behavioral Neuroscience Society N2 - A large number of experimental findings from neuroscience and experimental psychology demonstrated interactions between spatial cognition and numerical cognition. In particular, many researchers posited a horizontal mental number line, where small numbers are thought of as being to the left of larger numbers. This review synthesizes work on the mental association between space and number, indicating the existence of multiple spatial mappings: recent research has found associations between number and vertical space, as well as associations between number and near/far space. We discuss number space in three dimensions with an eye on potential origins of the different number mappings, and how these number mappings fit in with our current knowledge of brain organization and brain-culture interactions. We derive novel predictions and show how this research fits into a general view of cognition as embodied, grounded and situated. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Embodiment KW - Intra-parietal sulcus KW - Mental number line KW - Metaphor KW - Neglect KW - Spatial cognition KW - SNARC Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.09.005 SN - 0149-7634 SN - 1873-7528 VL - 57 SP - 209 EP - 219 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klasen, Michael A1 - Pohl, Martin A1 - Sigl, Günter T1 - Indirect and direct search for dark matter JF - Progress in particle and nuclear physics N2 - The majority of the matter in the universe is still unidentified and under investigation by both direct and indirect means. Many experiments searching for the recoil of dark-matter particles off target nuclei in underground laboratories have established increasingly strong constraints on the mass and scattering cross sections of weakly interacting particles, and some have even seen hints at a possible signal. Other experiments search for a possible mixing of photons with light scalar or pseudo-scalar particles that could also constitute dark matter. Furthermore, annihilation or decay of dark matter can contribute to charged cosmic rays, photons at all energies, and neutrinos. Many existing and future ground-based and satellite experiments are sensitive to such signals. Finally, data from the Large Hadron Collider at CERN are scrutinized for missing energy as a signature of new weakly interacting particles that may be related to dark matter. In this review article we summarize the status of the field with an emphasis on the complementarity between direct detection in dedicated laboratory experiments, indirect detection in the cosmic radiation, and searches at particle accelerators. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Dark matter KW - Direct searches KW - Indirect searches KW - LHC Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2015.07.001 SN - 0146-6410 SN - 1873-2224 VL - 85 SP - 1 EP - 32 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tillack-Graf, Anne-Kathleen T1 - Madness and Sense BT - Patients, Doctors, Personnel and institutions of Psychiatry in Saxony from the Middle Ages until the End of the 20th Century JF - History of psychiatry Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X15605782d SN - 0957-154X SN - 1740-2360 VL - 26 IS - 4 SP - 498 EP - 499 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hixson, Stefanie M. A1 - Sharma, Bhanu A1 - Kainz, Martin J. A1 - Wacker, Alexander A1 - Arts, Michael T. T1 - Production, distribution, and abundance of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: a fundamental dichotomy between freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems JF - Environmental reviews = Dossiers environnement N2 - Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) are critical for the health of aquatic and terrestrial organisms; therefore, understanding the production, distribution, and abundance of these compounds is imperative. Although the dynamics of LC-PUFA production and distribution in aquatic environments has been well documented, a systematic and comprehensive comparison to LC-PUFA in terrestrial environments has not been rigorously investigated. Here we use a data synthesis approach to compare and contrast fatty acid profiles of 369 aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Habitat and trophic level were interacting factors that determined the proportion of individual omega-3 (n-3) or omega-6 (n-6) PUFA in aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Higher total n-3 content compared with n-6 PUFA and a strong prevalence of the n-3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) characterized aquatic versus terrestrial organisms. Conversely, terrestrial organisms had higher linoleic acid (LNA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) contents than aquatic organisms; however, the ratio of ALA: LNA was higher in aquatic organisms. The EPA + DHA content was higher in aquatic animals than terrestrial organisms, and increased from algae to invertebrates to vertebrates in the aquatic environment. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed that fatty acid composition was highly dependent on the interaction between habitat and trophic level. We conclude that freshwater ecosystems provide an essential service through the production of n-3 LC-PUFA that are required to maintain the health of terrestrial organisms including humans. KW - aquatic ecosystems KW - conservation KW - eicosapentaenoic acid KW - docosahexaenoic acid KW - food webs Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2015-0029 SN - 1208-6053 SN - 1181-8700 VL - 23 IS - 4 SP - 414 EP - 424 PB - NRC Research Press CY - Ottawa ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vankar, Yashwant D. A1 - Linker, Torsten T1 - Recent Developments in the Synthesis of 2-C-Branched and 1,2-Annulated Carbohydrates JF - European journal of organic chemistry N2 - The importance of carbohydrate chemistry in biological and medicinal chemistry has led to enormous developments in the synthesis of carbohydrate mimics. In this context, the synthesis of branched sugars in general and of 2-C-branched carbohydrates in particular, as well as the synthesis of 1,2-annulated sugars, have received immense attention. They serve not only as carbohydrate mimics in the form of stand-alone molecules, but also as useful intermediates in the synthesis of many natural products, their analogues, and glycosidase inhibitors. This microreview covers the recent synthetic efforts in this area and puts the subject matter into proper perspective for future developments. KW - Synthetic methods KW - Annulation KW - Carbohydrates KW - Carbohydrate mimics Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201501176 SN - 1434-193X SN - 1099-0690 IS - 35 SP - 7633 EP - 7642 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hermanussen, Michael A1 - Scheffler, Christiane A1 - Groth, Detlef A1 - Aßmann, Christian T1 - Height and skeletal morphology in relation to modern life style JF - Journal of physiological anthropology N2 - Height and skeletal morphology strongly relate to life style. Parallel to the decrease in physical activity and locomotion, modern people are slimmer in skeletal proportions. In German children and adolescents, elbow breadth and particularly relative pelvic breadth (50th centile of bicristal distance divided by body height) have significantly decreased in recent years. Even more evident than the changes in pelvic morphology are the rapid changes in body height in most modern countries since the end-19th and particularly since the mid-20th century. Modern Japanese mature earlier; the age at take-off (ATO, the age at which the adolescent growth spurt starts) decreases, and they are taller at all ages. Preece-Baines modelling of six national samples of Japanese children and adolescents, surveyed between 1955 and 2000, shows that this gain in height is largely an adolescent trend, whereas height at take-off (HTO) increased by less than 3 cm since 1955; adolescent growth (height gain between ATO and adult age) increased by 6 cm. The effect of globalization on the modern post-war Japanese society ("community effect in height") on adolescent growth is discussed. KW - Pelvic breadth KW - Elbow breadth KW - Growth KW - Adult height KW - Community effect in height Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-015-0080-4 SN - 1880-6805 VL - 34 PB - BioMed Central CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cesare, Bernardo A1 - Acosta-Vigil, Antonio A1 - Bartoli, Omar A1 - Ferrero, Silvio T1 - What can we learn from melt inclusions in migmatites and granulites? JF - Lithos : an international journal of mineralogy, petrology, and geochemistry N2 - With less than two decades of activity, research on melt inclusions (MI) in crystals from rocks that have undergone crustal anatexis - migmatites and granulites - is a recent addition to crustal petrology and geochemistry. Studies on this subject started with glassy inclusions in anatectic crustal enclaves in lavas, and then progressed to regionally metamorphosed and partially melted crustal rocks, where melt inclusions are normally crystallized into a cryptocrystalline aggregate (nanogranitoid). Since the first paper on melt inclusions in the granulites of the Kerala Khondalite Belt in 2009, reported and studied occurrences are already a few tens. Melt inclusions in migmatites and granulites show many analogies with their more common and long studied counterparts in igneous rocks, but also display very important differences and peculiarities, which are the subject of this review. Microstructurally, melt inclusions in anatectic rocks are small, commonly 10 mu m in diameter, and their main mineral host is peritectic garnet, although several other hosts have been observed. Inclusion contents vary from glass in enclaves that were cooled very rapidly from supersolidus temperatures, to completely crystallized material in slowly cooled regional migmatites. The chemical composition of the inclusions can be analyzed combining several techniques (SEM, EMP, NanoSIMS, LA-ICP-MS), but in the case of crystallized inclusions the experimental remelting under confining pressure in a piston cylinder is a prerequisite. The melt is generally granitic and peraluminous, although granodioritic to trondhjemitic compositions have also been found. Being mostly primary in origin, inclusions attest for the growth of their peritectic host in the presence of melt. As a consequence, the inclusions have the unique ability of preserving information on the composition of primary anatectic crustal melts, before they undergo any of the common following changes in their way to produce crustal magmas. For these peculiar features, melt inclusions in migmatites and granulites, largely overlooked so far, have the potential to become a fundamental tool for the study of crustal melting, crustal differentiation, and even the generation of the continental crust. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. KW - Melt inclusions KW - Migmatites KW - Granulites KW - Granites KW - Crustal melting KW - Nanogranitoids Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2015.09.028 SN - 0024-4937 SN - 1872-6143 VL - 239 SP - 186 EP - 216 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haßler, Gerda T1 - Wendy Ayres-Bennett; Magali Seijido: Bon usage et variation sociolinguistique. Perspectives diachroniques et traditions nationales / rezensiert von Gerda Haßler JF - Historiographia Linguistica : international journal for the history of the language sciences N2 - Rezensiertes Werk: Wendy Ayres-Bennett; Magali Seijido: Bon usage et variation sociolinguistique. Perspectives diachroniques et traditions nationales, Lyon: École normale supérieure de Lyon 2013, 338 S. KW - Normierung Soziolinguistik Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1075/hl.42.1.11has SN - 0302-5160 SN - 1569-9781 VL - 42 IS - 1 SP - 173 EP - 182 PB - John Benjamins CY - Amsterdam ER -