TY  - CHAP
A1  - Ihle, Sebastian
A1  - Carl, Kea
ED  - Juchler, Ingo
T1  - Die Mensch-Tier-Beziehung im (Politik-) Unterricht
T2  - Beziehungsweisen von Mensch, Tier und Umwelt
N2  - Der vorliegende Beitrag, der sich weniger als Fachbeitrag, sondern vielmehr als Erfahrungsbericht aus der Praxis versteht, berichtet von unterschiedlichen Versuchen, die Mensch-Tier-Beziehung in den schulischen Kontext einzubringen und somit der unzureichenden Beachtung der Thematik entgegenzuwirken. Nachdem überblicksartig die Relevanz der Mensch-Tier-Thematik herausgestellt und auf diese Weise die Notwendigkeit einer unterrichtlichen Beschäftigung mit dem Verhältnis von Menschen und anderen Tieren begründet wird, wird zunächst von einem ersten Versuch berichtet, (angehende) Lehrkräfte im Rahmen eines Workshops am Studienseminar Potsdam für die Relevanz der Mensch-Tier-Thematik zu sensibilisieren sowie über eine mögliche Umsetzung in den verschiedenen Unterrichtsfächern zu informieren. Anschließend werden – exemplarisch für den Politikunterricht – zwei Unterrichtsstunden, die die Mensch-Tier-Beziehung auf verschiedene Weise in den Politikunterricht einbeziehen, sowie die im Rahmen der Durchführung gesammelten Erfahrungen vorgestellt.
Y1  - 2024
SN  - 978-3-658-42652-1
SN  - 978-3-658-42653-8
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-42653-8_5
SP  - 69
EP  - 88
PB  - Springer VS
CY  - Wiesbaden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pham, Duong Tung
A1  - Quan, Ting
A1  - Mei, Shilin
A1  - Lu, Yan
T1  - Colloidal metal sulfide nanoparticles for high performance electrochemical energy storage systems
JF  - Current opinion in green and sustainable chemistry
N2  - Transition metal sulfides have emerged as excellent replacement candidates of traditional insertion electrode materials based on their conversion or alloying mechanisms, facilitating high specific capacity and rate ability. However, parasitic reactions such as massive volume change during the discharge/ charge processes, intermediate polysulfide dissolution, and passivating solid electrolyte interface formation have led to poor cyclability, hindering their feasibility and applicability in energy storage systems. Colloidal metal sulfide nanoparticles, a special class that integrates the intrinsic chemical properties of metal sulfides and their specified structural features, have fairly enlarged their contribution due to the synergistic effect. This review highlights the latest synthetic approaches based on colloidal process. Their corresponding electrochemical outcomes will also be discussed, which are thoroughly updated along with their insight scientific standpoints.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2022.100596
SN  - 2452-2236
VL  - 34
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Minutillo, Serena A.
A1  - Ruano-Rosa, David
A1  - Abdelfattah, Ahmed
A1  - Schena, Leonardo
A1  - Malacrino, Antonino
T1  - The fungal microbiome of wheat flour includes potential mycotoxin producers
JF  - Foods
N2  - Consumers are increasingly demanding higher quality and safety standards for the products they consume, and one of this is wheat flour, the basis of a wide variety of processed products. This major component in the diet of many communities can be contaminated by microorganisms before the grain harvest, or during the grain storage right before processing. These microorganisms include several fungal species, many of which produce mycotoxins, secondary metabolites that can cause severe acute and chronic disorders. Yet, we still know little about the overall composition of fungal communities associated with wheat flour. In this study, we contribute to fill this gap by characterizing the fungal microbiome of different types of wheat flour using culture-dependent and -independent techniques. Qualitatively, these approaches suggested similar results, highlighting the presence of several fungal taxa able to produce mycotoxins. In-vitro isolation of fungal species suggest a higher frequency of Penicillium, while metabarcoding suggest a higher abundance of Alternaria. This discrepancy might reside on the targeted portion of the community (alive vs. overall) or in the specific features of each technique. Thus, this study shows that commercial wheat flour hosts a wide fungal diversity with several taxa potentially representing concerns for consumers, aspects that need more attention throughout the food production chain.
KW  - Penicillium
KW  - Alternaria
KW  - post-harvest
KW  - metabarcoding
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11050676
SN  - 2304-8158
VL  - 11
IS  - 5
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Reitenbach, Julija
A1  - Geiger, Christina
A1  - Wang, Peixi
A1  - Vagias, Apostolos N.
A1  - Cubitt, Robert
A1  - Schanzenbach, Dirk
A1  - Laschewsky, André
A1  - Papadakis, Christine M.
A1  - Müller-Buschbaum, Peter
T1  - Effect of magnesium salts with chaotropic anions on the swelling behavior of PNIPMAM thin films
JF  - Macromolecules : a publication of the American Chemical Society
N2  - Poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) (PNIPMAM) is a stimuli responsive polymer, which in thin film geometry exhibits a volume-phase transition upon temperature increase in water vapor. The swelling behavior of PNIPMAM thin films containing magnesium salts in water vapor is investigated in view of their potential application as nanodevices. Both the extent and the kinetics of the swelling ratio as well as the water content are probed with in situ time-of-flight neutron reflectometry. Additionally, in situ Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy provides information about the local solvation of the specific functional groups, while two-dimensional FTIR correlation analysis further elucidates the temporal sequence of solvation events. The addition of Mg(ClO4)2 or Mg(NO3)2 enhances the sensitivity of the polymer and therefore the responsiveness of switches and sensors based on PNIPMAM thin films. It is found that Mg(NO3)2 leads to a higher relative water uptake and therefore achieves the highest thickness gain in the swollen state.
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02282
SN  - 0024-9297
SN  - 1520-5835
VL  - 56
IS  - 2
SP  - 567
EP  - 577
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hänel, Hilkje C.
A1  - Schuppert, Fabian
T1  - Was ist Geschlechtergerechtigkeit?
T1  - What is gender-justice?
BT  - eine nicht-ideale Annäherung
BT  - a non-ideal approach
JF  - Zeitschrift für Praktische Philosophie
N2  - In Decolonizing Universalism: A Transnational Feminist Ethic zielt Serene Khader auf eine Neuausrichtung der feministischen Perspektive, welche es schafft, dekolonial und anti-imperialistisch zu sein, ohne gleichzeitig dem Universalismus komplett abzuschwören. Die Motivation hinter dieser Neuorientierung ist die Einsicht, dass der liberale moralische Universalismus oftmals kulturelle Vorherrschaft und Imperialismus verstärkt. In diesem Kommentar wollen wir (a) uns mit der Frage beschäftigen, was genau unter Geschlechtergerechtigkeit verstanden werden soll und welcher Maßstab zur Beantwortung der Frage nach Gerechtigkeit angebracht ist und (b) einige Ideen zum Unterschied zwischen idealer und nicht-idealer Theorie liefern.
N2  - In Decolonizing Universalism: A Transnational Feminist Ethic, Serene Khader aims to reorient the feminist perspective, which manages to be decolonial and anti-imperialist without completely renouncing universalism. The motivation behind this reorientation is the realization that liberal moral universalism often reinforces cultural domination and imperialism. In this commentary, we will (a) address the question of what exactly is meant by gender justice and what is the appropriate standard for answering the question of justice, and (b) provide some ideas about the difference between ideal and non-ideal theory.
KW  - nicht-ideale Theorie
KW  - Geschlechtergerechtigkeit
KW  - feministische Philosophie
KW  - Universalismus
KW  - dekoloniale Theorie
KW  - non-ideal theory
KW  - gender-justice
KW  - feminist philosophy
KW  - universalism
KW  - decolonial theory
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.22613/zfpp/9.1.13
SN  - 2409-9961
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
SP  - 315
EP  - 328
PB  - Universität Salzburg
CY  - Salzburg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Morris, Paul J.
A1  - Bohdan, Artem
A1  - Weidl, Martin S.
A1  - Tsirou, Michelle
A1  - Fulat, Karol
A1  - Pohl, Martin
T1  - Pre-acceleration in the electron foreshock. II. oblique whistler waves
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics
N2  - Thermal electrons have gyroradii many orders of magnitude smaller than the finite width of a shock, thus need to be pre-accelerated before they can cross it and be accelerated by diffusive shock acceleration. One region where pre-acceleration may occur is the inner foreshock, which upstream electrons must pass through before any potential downstream crossing. In this paper, we perform a large-scale particle-in-cell simulation that generates a single shock with parameters motivated from supernova remnants. Within the foreshock, reflected electrons excite the oblique whistler instability and produce electromagnetic whistler waves, which comove with the upstream flow and as nonlinear structures eventually reach radii of up to 5 ion-gyroradii. We show that the inner electromagnetic configuration of the whistlers evolves into complex nonlinear structures bound by a strong magnetic field around four times the upstream value. Although these nonlinear structures do not in general interact with cospatial upstream electrons, they resonate with electrons that have been reflected at the shock. We show that they can scatter, or even trap, reflected electrons, confining around 0.8% of the total upstream electron population to the region close to the shock where they can undergo substantial pre-acceleration. This acceleration process is similar to, yet approximately three times more efficient than, stochastic shock drift acceleration.
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acaec8
SN  - 0004-637X
SN  - 1538-4357
VL  - 944
IS  - 1
PB  - Institute of Physics Publ.
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lindenberger, Thomas
A1  - Sabrow, Martin
T1  - Zwischen Verinselung und Europäisierung
BT  - die Zukunft der DDR-Geschichte
JF  - Abgrenzung und Verflechtung : das geteilte Deutschland in der zeithistorischen Debatte
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 978-3-940938-03-9
SP  - 163
EP  - 170
PB  - Metropol
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kellner, Marcel
A1  - Neuhoff, Knud
T1  - Ich schreibe halt so, wie ich's sehe...
BT  - editorische Notizen zur Kriegsbriefsammlung des Landesvereins Balische Heimat
Y1  - 2014
SN  - 978-3-7930-5117-6
SP  - 13
EP  - 16
PB  - Rombach
CY  - Freiburg, Br.
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
ED  - Kellner, Marcel
ED  - Neuhoff, Knud
T1  - Solange die Welt steht, ist soviel Blut nicht geflossen
BT  - Feldpostbriefe badischer Soldaten aus dem Ersten Weltkrieg 1914 bis 1918
T3  - Schriftenreihe der Badischen Heimat
N2  - Dieser Band der Schriftenreihe der Badischen Heimat will im Rahmen der Vielzahl von Publikationen, die in diesem Jahr an den Beginn des Ersten Weltkrieges erinnern, einen besonderen Beitrag leisten. Gleichsam als „Geschichte von unten“ wirkend, gibt die vorliegende Sammlung der Feldpostbriefe einen gefilterten Eindruck in das Seelenleben der Kriegsgeneration wieder. Sie ist als Kollektion badischer Soldatenbriefe in dieser Form bisher einmalig und erweitert das Wahrnehmungsspektrum der scheinbar in weiter Ferne und dennoch so nah liegenden „Urkatastrophe“ um eine weitere wichtige Nuance.
Y1  - 2014
SN  - 978-3-7930-5117-6
N1  - hrsg. vom Landesverein Badische Heimat e.V. und dem Landesverband Baden-Württemberg im Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge e.V. Ausgew., mitgeteilt und kommentiert von Marcel Kellner und Knud Neuhoff
VL  - 9
PB  - Freiburg, Br.
CY  - Rombach
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hänel, Hilkje C.
A1  - Haslanger, Sally
A1  - Kroeger, Odin
T1  - Analyzing social wrongs
JF  - Journal of social philosophy
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/josp.12505
SN  - 0047-2786
SN  - 1467-9833
VL  - 53
IS  - 4
SP  - 448
EP  - 453
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken, NJ
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hänel, Hilkje C.
T1  - Willful testimonial injustice as a form of epistemic injustice
JF  - European journal of philosophy
N2  - In the debate on epistemic injustice, it is generally assumed that testimonial injustice as one form of epistemic injustice cannot be committed (fully) deliberately or intentionally because it involves unconscious identity prejudices. Drawing on the case of sexual violence against refugees in European refugee camps, this paper argues that there is a form of testimonial injustice—willful testimonial injustice—that is deliberate. To do so, the paper argues (a) that the hearer intentionally utilizes negative identity prejudices for a particular purpose and (b) that the hearer is aware of the fact that the intentionally used prejudices are in fact prejudices. Furthermore, the paper shows how testimonial injustice relates to recognition failures both in terms of a causal as well as a constitutive claim. In fact, introducing willful testimonial injustice can support the constitutive claim of such a relation that has so far received little attention. Besides arguing for a novel form of testimonial injustice and contributing to the recent debate on the relation between epistemic injustice and recognition failures, this paper is also motivated by the attempt to draw attention to the inhumane conditions for refugees at the border of Europe as well as elsewhere.
Y1  - 2024
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.12928
SN  - 0966-8373
SN  - 1468-0378
SP  - 1
EP  - 19
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hänel, Hilkje C.
T1  - (Moralisch) guter Sex
T1  - (Morally) good sex
BT  - eine Kritik am Zustimmungsmodell
BT  - a critique of the consent model
JF  - Zeitschrift für Praktische Philosophie
N2  - In einem kürzlich erschienenen Artikel argumentiert Almut v. Wedelstaedt überzeugend, warum Zustimmung zwar „die Bedingung für die Legitimation von Sex“ ist (2020, 127), dass die moralische Güte von Sex aber nur dann einzuschätzen ist, wenn wir darauf achten, ob die Beteiligten der Handlung sich auf Augenhöhe begegnen. Die Idee ist: Es gibt legitime sexuelle Handlungen, die moralisch gut sind, und es gibt legitime sexuelle Handlungen, die moralisch besser sind. Hier möchte ich die Idee des besseren Sexes genauer ausloten. Während v. Wedelstaedt von moralisch gelungenem Sex spricht und somit auf der Ebene der moralischen Bewertung von Sex bleibt, möchte ich die Frage danach stellen, was Sex qualitativ gut macht. Tatsächlich wird in der Zustimmungsdebatte meist davon ausgegangen, dass diese zwei Fragen wenig gemeinsam haben; ob eine sexuelle Handlung legitim ist, hat zunächst nichts damit zu tun, ob diese auch gut ist. Ich werde drei Argumente liefern, warum wir legitimen Sex und qualitativ guten Sex zusammen betrachten sollten – und es wird sich zeigen, dass die gegenwärtige philosophische und rechtstheoretische Debatte Zustimmung verkürzt diskutiert und daher alleingenommen wenig hilfreich ist, stattdessen benötigt die Zustimmungsdebatte auch eine Untersuchung von qualitativ gutem Sex.
N2  - In a recent article, Almut v. Wedelstaedt argues convincingly why consent is “the condition for the legitimation of sex” (2020, 127; my translation), but that the moral goodness of sex can only be assessed if we pay attention to whether the participants in the act meet on an equal footing; the consent criterion, v. Wedelstaedt argues, must therefore be supplemented by another criterion, namely that of equal footing. The idea is: there are legitimate sexual acts that are morally good, and there are legitimate sexual acts that are morally better. Here I would like to explore the idea of better sex in more detail. While v. Wedelstaedt speaks of morally successful sex, and thus remains on the level of moral evaluation of sex, I would like to raise the question of what makes sex qualitatively good. Indeed, the consent debate usually assumes that these two questions have little in common; whether a sexual act is legitimate has nothing to do with whether it is good to begin with. I will provide three arguments why we should consider legitimate sex and qualitatively good sex together, and it will become apparent that the current philosophical and legal theory debate discusses consent in a truncated way, and therefore taken alone, is unhelpful; instead, the consent debate also needs an examination of qualitatively good sex.
KW  - Sex
KW  - Zustimmung
KW  - sexuelle Handlungsfähigkeit
KW  - sexistische Ideologie
KW  - sexuelle Gewalt
KW  - sex
KW  - consent
KW  - sexual agency
KW  - sexist ideology
KW  - sexual violence
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.22613/zfpp/9.2.2
SN  - 2409-9961
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
SP  - 49
EP  - 78
PB  - Universität Salzburg
CY  - Salzburg
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Jahns, Esther
T1  - Diglossic translanguaging
BT  - the multilingual repertoire of German-speaking Jews in Berlin
T2  - Language and Social Life [LSL]
N2  - This book examines how German-speaking Jews living in Berlin make sense and make use of their multilingual repertoire. With a focus on lexical variation, the book demonstrates how speakers integrate Yiddish and Hebrew elements into German for indexing belonging and for positioning themselves within the Jewish community. Linguistic choices are shaped by language ideologies (e.g., authenticity, prescriptivism, nostalgia). Speakers translanguage when using their multilingual repertoire, but do so in a diglossic way, using elements from different languages for specific domains
KW  - Sprachideologie
KW  - Jüdische Sprachen
KW  - Wahrnehmungsdialektologie
KW  - Mehrsprachigkeit
KW  - Translanguaging
Y1  - 2024
SN  - 978-3-11-132246-9
SN  - 978-3-11-132267-4
VL  - 33
PB  - de Gruyter Mouton
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hänel, Hilkje C.
T1  - Germany’s silence: testimonial injustice in the NSU investigation and willful ignorance in the NSU trial
JF  - Constellations : an international journal of critical and democratic theory
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8675.12703
SN  - 1351-0487
SN  - 1467-8675
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Glückler, Ramesh
A1  - Herzschuh, Ulrike
A1  - Kruse, Stefan
A1  - Andreev, Andrei
A1  - Vyse, Stuart Andrew
A1  - Winkler, Bettina
A1  - Biskaborn, Boris
A1  - Pestryakova, Luidmila Agafyevna
A1  - Dietze, Elisabeth
T1  - Wildfire history of the boreal forest of south-western Yakutia (Siberia) over the last two millennia documented by a lake-sediment charcoal record
JF  - Biogeosciences : BG / European Geosciences Union
N2  - Wildfires, as a key disturbance in forest ecosystems, are shaping the world's boreal landscapes. Changes in fire regimes are closely linked to a wide array of environmental factors, such as vegetation composition, climate change, and human activity. Arctic and boreal regions and, in particular, Siberian boreal forests are experiencing rising air and ground temperatures with the subsequent degradation of permafrost soils leading to shifts in tree cover and species composition. Compared to the boreal zones of North America or Europe, little is known about how such environmental changes might influence long-term fire regimes in Russia. The larch-dominated eastern Siberian deciduous boreal forests differ markedly from the composition of other boreal forests, yet data about past fire regimes remain sparse. Here, we present a high-resolution macroscopic charcoal record from lacustrine sediments of Lake Khamra (southwest Yakutia, Siberia) spanning the last ca. 2200 years, including information about charcoal particle sizes and morphotypes. Our results reveal a phase of increased charcoal accumulation between 600 and 900 CE, indicative of relatively high amounts of burnt biomass and high fire frequencies. This is followed by an almost 900-year-long period of low charcoal accumulation without significant peaks likely corresponding to cooler climate conditions. After 1750 CE fire frequencies and the relative amount of biomass burnt start to increase again, coinciding with a warming climate and increased anthropogenic land development after Russian colonization. In the 20th century, total charcoal accumulation decreases again to very low levels despite higher fire frequency, potentially reflecting a change in fire management strategies and/or a shift of the fire regime towards more frequent but smaller fires. A similar pattern for different charcoal morphotypes and comparison to a pollen and non-pollen palynomorph (NPP) record from the same sediment core indicate that broad-scale changes in vegetation composition were probably not a major driver of recorded fire regime changes. Instead, the fire regime of the last two millennia at Lake Khamra seems to be controlled mainly by a combination of short-term climate variability and anthropogenic fire ignition and suppression.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4185-2021
SN  - 1726-4170
SN  - 1726-4189
VL  - 18
IS  - 13
SP  - 4185
EP  - 4209
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Breternitz, Joachim
A1  - Schorr, Susan
T1  - Halide perovskites
BT  - structural systematisation and what we learn from it
T2  - Acta crystallographica / International Union of Crystallography. Section A, Foundations and advances
KW  - halide perovskites
KW  - semiconductors
KW  - group-subgroup relations
KW  - twinning
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 2053-2733
SN  - 1600-5724
SN  - 1600-8596
SN  - 0108-7673
SN  - 0567-7394
VL  - 77
IS  - Suppl.
SP  - C750
EP  - C750
PB  - Blackwell
CY  - Oxford [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Molkenthin, Christian
A1  - Donner, Christian
A1  - Reich, Sebastian
A1  - Zöller, Gert
A1  - Hainzl, Sebastian
A1  - Holschneider, Matthias
A1  - Opper, Manfred
T1  - GP-ETAS: semiparametric Bayesian inference for the spatio-temporal epidemic type aftershock sequence model
JF  - Statistics and Computing
N2  - The spatio-temporal epidemic type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model is widely used to describe the self-exciting nature of earthquake occurrences. While traditional inference methods provide only point estimates of the model parameters, we aim at a fully Bayesian treatment of model inference, allowing naturally to incorporate prior knowledge and uncertainty quantification of the resulting estimates. Therefore, we introduce a highly flexible, non-parametric representation for the spatially varying ETAS background intensity through a Gaussian process (GP) prior. Combined with classical triggering functions this results in a new model formulation, namely the GP-ETAS model. We enable tractable and efficient Gibbs sampling by deriving an augmented form of the GP-ETAS inference problem. This novel sampling approach allows us to assess the posterior model variables conditioned on observed earthquake catalogues, i.e., the spatial background intensity and the parameters of the triggering function. Empirical results on two synthetic data sets indicate that GP-ETAS outperforms standard models and thus demonstrate the predictive power for observed earthquake catalogues including uncertainty quantification for the estimated parameters. Finally, a case study for the l'Aquila region, Italy, with the devastating event on 6 April 2009, is presented.
KW  - Self-exciting point process
KW  - Hawkes process
KW  - Spatio-temporal ETAS model
KW  - Bayesian inference
KW  - Sampling
KW  - Earthquake modeling
KW  - Gaussian process
KW  - Data augmentation
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11222-022-10085-3
SN  - 0960-3174
SN  - 1573-1375
VL  - 32
IS  - 2
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Courtin, Jérémy
A1  - Andreev, Andrei
A1  - Raschke, Elena
A1  - Bala, Sarah
A1  - Biskaborn, Boris
A1  - Liu, Sisi
A1  - Zimmermann, Heike
A1  - Diekmann, Bernhard
A1  - Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen R.
A1  - Pestryakova, Luidmila Agafyevna
A1  - Herzschuh, Ulrike
T1  - Vegetation changes in Southeastern Siberia during the late pleistocene and the holocene
JF  - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
N2  - Relationships between climate, species composition, and species richness are of particular importance for understanding how boreal ecosystems will respond to ongoing climate change. This study aims to reconstruct changes in terrestrial vegetation composition and taxa richness during the glacial Late Pleistocene and the interglacial Holocene in the sparsely studied southeastern Yakutia (Siberia) by using pollen and sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) records. Pollen and sedaDNA metabarcoding data using the trnL g and h markers were obtained from a sediment core from Lake Bolshoe Toko. Both proxies were used to reconstruct the vegetation composition, while metabarcoding data were also used to investigate changes in plant taxa richness. The combination of pollen and sedaDNA approaches allows a robust estimation of regional and local past terrestrial vegetation composition around Bolshoe Toko during the last similar to 35,000 years. Both proxies suggest that during the Late Pleistocene, southeastern Siberia was covered by open steppe-tundra dominated by graminoids and forbs with patches of shrubs, confirming that steppe-tundra extended far south in Siberia. Both proxies show disturbance at the transition between the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene suggesting a period with scarce vegetation, changes in the hydrochemical conditions in the lake, and in sedimentation rates. Both proxies document drastic changes in vegetation composition in the early Holocene with an increased number of trees and shrubs and the appearance of new tree taxa in the lake's vicinity. The sedaDNA method suggests that the Late Pleistocene steppe-tundra vegetation supported a higher number of terrestrial plant taxa than the forested Holocene. This could be explained, for example, by the "keystone herbivore" hypothesis, which suggests that Late Pleistocene megaherbivores were able to maintain a high plant diversity. This is discussed in the light of the data with the broadly accepted species-area hypothesis as steppe-tundra covered such an extensive area during the Late Pleistocene.
KW  - last glacial
KW  - Holocene
KW  - Lake Bolshoe Toko
KW  - paleoenvironments
KW  - sedimentary ancient DNA
KW  - metabarcoding
KW  - trnL
KW  - pollen
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.625096
SN  - 2296-701X
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Solovyev, Nikolay
A1  - Drobyshev, Evgenii
A1  - Blume, Bastian
A1  - Michalke, Bernhard
T1  - Selenium at the neural barriers
BT  - a review
JF  - Frontiers in neuroscience / Frontiers Research Foundation
N2  - Selenium (Se) is known to contribute to several vital physiological functions in mammals: antioxidant defense, fertility, thyroid hormone metabolism, and immune response. Growing evidence indicates the crucial role of Se and Se-containing selenoproteins in the brain and brain function. As for the other essential trace elements, dietary Se needs to reach effective concentrations in the central nervous system (CNS) to exert its functions. To do so, Se-species have to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and/or blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB) of the choroid plexus. The main interface between the general circulation of the body and the CNS is the BBB. Endothelial cells of brain capillaries forming the so-called tight junctions are the primary anatomic units of the BBB, mainly responsible for barrier function. The current review focuses on Se transport to the brain, primarily including selenoprotein P/low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8, also known as apolipoprotein E receptor-2) dependent pathway, and supplementary transport routes of Se into the brain via low molecular weight Se-species. Additionally, the potential role of Se and selenoproteins in the BBB, BCB, and neurovascular unit (NVU) is discussed. Finally, the perspectives regarding investigating the role of Se and selenoproteins in the gut-brain axis are outlined.
KW  - selenium
KW  - selenoprotein P
KW  - low molecular weight selenium species
KW  - blood– cerebrospinal fluid barrier
KW  - blood– brain barrier
KW  - selenium transport
KW  - brain-gut axis
KW  - LRP8
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.630016
SN  - 1662-453X
VL  - 15
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rodríguez Zuluaga, Juan
A1  - Stolle, Claudia
A1  - Yamazaki, Yosuke
A1  - Xiong, Chao
A1  - England, Scott L.
T1  - A synoptic-scale wavelike structure in the nighttime equatorial ionization anomaly
JF  - Earth and Space Science : ESS
N2  - Both ground- and satellite-based airglow imaging have significantly contributed to understanding the low-latitude ionosphere, especially the morphology and dynamics of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). The NASA Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission focuses on far-ultraviolet airglow images from a geostationary orbit at 47.5 degrees W. This region is of particular interest at low magnetic latitudes because of the high magnetic declination (i.e., about -20 degrees) and proximity of the South Atlantic magnetic anomaly. In this study, we characterize an exciting feature of the nighttime EIA using GOLD observations from October 5, 2018 to June 30, 2020. It consists of a wavelike structure of a few thousand kilometers seen as poleward and equatorward displacements of the EIA-crests. Initial analyses show that the synoptic-scale structure is symmetric about the dip equator and appears nearly stationary with time over the night. In quasi-dipole coordinates, maxima poleward displacements of the EIA-crests are seen at about +/- 12 degrees latitude and around 20 and 60 degrees longitude (i.e., in geographic longitude at the dip equator, about 53 degrees W and 14 degrees W). The wavelike structure presents typical zonal wavelengths of about 6.7 x 10(3) km and 3.3 x 10(3) km. The structure's occurrence and wavelength are highly variable on a day-to-day basis with no apparent dependence on geomagnetic activity. In addition, a cluster or quasi-periodic wave train of equatorial plasma depletions (EPDs) is often detected within the synoptic-scale structure. We further outline the difference in observing these EPDs from FUV images and in situ measurements during a GOLD and Swarm mission conjunction.
KW  - equatorial ionization anomaly
KW  - equatorial ionosphere
KW  - equatorial plasma bubbles
KW  - wave structure
KW  - forcing from below
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EA001529
SN  - 2333-5084
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Malden, Mass.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zhu, Zhennan
A1  - Tian, Hong
A1  - Kempka, Thomas
A1  - Jiang, Guosheng
A1  - Dou, Bin
A1  - Mei, Gang
T1  - Mechanical behaviors of granite after thermal treatment under loading and unloading conditions
JF  - Natural resources research / sponsored by the International Association for Mathematical Geology
N2  - Understanding the mechanical behaviors of granite after thermal treatment under loading and unloading conditions is of utmost relevance to deep geothermal energy recovery. In the present study, a series of loading and unloading triaxial compression tests (20, 40 and 60 MPa) on granite specimens after exposure to different temperatures (20, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 degrees C) was carried out to quantify the combined effects of thermal treatment and loading/unloading stress conditions on granite strength and deformation. Changes in the microstructure of granite exposed to high temperatures were revealed by optical microscopy. The experimental results indicate that both, thermal treatment and loading/unloading stress conditions, degrade the mechanical behaviors and further decrease the carrying capacity of granite. The gradual degradation of the mechanical characteristics of granite after thermal treatment is mainly associated with the evolution of thermal micro-cracks based on optical microscopy observations. The unloading stress state induces the extension of tension cracks parallel to the axial direction, and thus, the mechanical properties are degraded. Temperatures above 400 degrees C have a more significant influence on the mechanical characteristics of granite than the unloading treatment, whereby 400 degrees C can be treated as a threshold temperature for the delineation of significant deterioration. This study is expected to support feasibility and risk assessments by means of providing data for analytical calculations and numerical simulations on granite exposed to high temperatures during geothermal energy extraction.
KW  - Granite
KW  - Thermal treatment
KW  - Unloading
KW  - Mechanical properties
KW  - Micro-structure
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-021-09815-7
SN  - 1520-7439
SN  - 1573-8981
VL  - 30
IS  - 3
SP  - 2733
EP  - 2752
PB  - Springer Science + Business Media B.V.
CY  - New York, NY [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Johanssen, Helen
A1  - Schoofs, Nikola
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Bermpohl, Felix
A1  - Ülsmann, Dominik
A1  - Schulte-Herbrüggen, Olaf
A1  - Priebe, Kathlen
T1  - Negative posttraumatic cognitions color the pathway from event centrality to posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms
JF  - Cognitive therapy and research
N2  - Background
The centrality of an event indicates the extent to which it becomes a core part of identity and life story. Event centrality (EC) has been shown to have a strong relationship with PTSD symptoms, which seems to be indirectly influenced by negative posttraumatic cognitions (PTC). However, research on this potential mediation and its causal links particularly with clinical samples is limited and essential to derive treatment implications. 

Methods
Pre- and posttreatment data of 103 day-unit patients with PTSD was examined using mediation analyses and structural equation modeling.

Results
Negative PTC mediated the relationship between EC and PTSD symptoms, partially pre- and completely posttreatment. Within extended longitudinal analyses causal directions of the mediation pathways were not adequately interpretable due to unexpected suppression effects. 

Conclusions
The results suggest that EC may only have an indirect effect on PTSD symptoms through negative PTC. Thus, decreasing negative PTC which are connected to centralized events might be a key element for PTSD treatment. Thereby, transforming the cognitions' valence to more positive and constructive forms could be crucial rather than mere decentralization. Although suppression effects limited causal inferences, they do not contradict the mediation and further indicate potential interactional terms and a transformation of EC.
KW  - Event centrality
KW  - PTSD
KW  - Posttraumatic cognitions
KW  - Valence
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-021-10266-w
SN  - 0147-5916
SN  - 1573-2819
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
SP  - 333
EP  - 342
PB  - Springer Science + Business Media B.V.
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bandyopadhyay, Soumyadip
A1  - Sarkar, Dipankar
A1  - Mandal, Chittaranjan
A1  - Giese, Holger
T1  - Translation validation of coloured Petri net models of programs on integers
JF  - Acta informatica
N2  - Programs are often subjected to significant optimizing and parallelizing transformations based on extensive dependence analysis. Formal validation of such transformations needs modelling paradigms which can capture both control and data dependences in the program vividly. Being value-based with an inherent scope of capturing parallelism, the untimed coloured Petri net (CPN) models, reported in the literature, fit the bill well; accordingly, they are likely to be more convenient as the intermediate representations (IRs) of both the source and the transformed codes for translation validation than strictly sequential variable-based IRs like sequential control flow graphs (CFGs). In this work, an efficient path-based equivalence checking method for CPN models of programs on integers is presented. Extensive experimentation has been carried out on several sequential and parallel examples. Complexity and correctness issues have been treated rigorously for the method.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00236-022-00419-z
SN  - 0001-5903
SN  - 1432-0525
VL  - 59
IS  - 6
SP  - 725
EP  - 759
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hänel, Hilkje C.
T1  - The intricacies of ideology and ignorance
BT  - a reply to Mason
JF  - Social epistemology review & reply collective : SERRC
Y1  - 2021
UR  - https://wp.me/p1Bfg0-62M
SN  - 2471-9560
VL  - 10
IS  - 7
SP  - 58
EP  - 62
PB  - Social epistemology review & reply collective
CY  - [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar]
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Hänel, Hilkje C.
ED  - Schweiger, Gottfried
T1  - Epistemic injustice and recognition theory: what we owe to refugees
T2  - Migration, recognition and critical theory
N2  - This paper starts from the premise that Western states are connected to some of the harms refugees suffer from. It specifically focuses on the harm of acts of misrecognition and its relation to epistemic injustice that refugees suffer from in refugee camps, in detention centers, and during their desperate attempts to find refuge. The paper discusses the relation between hermeneutical injustice and acts of misrecognition, showing that these two phenomena are interconnected and that acts of misrecognition are particularly damaging when (a) they stretch over different contexts, leaving us without or with very few safe spaces, and (b) they dislocate us, leaving us without a community to turn to. The paper then considers the ways in which refugees experience acts of misrecognition and suffer from hermeneutical injustice, using the case of unaccompanied children at the well-known and overcrowded camp Moria in Greece, the case of unsafe detention centers in Libya, and the case of the denial to assistance on the Mediterranean and the resulting pushbacks from international waters to Libya as well as the preventable drowning of refugees in the Mediterranean to illustrate the arguments. Finally, the paper argues for specific duties toward refugees that result from the prior arguments on misrecognition and hermeneutical injustice.
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-030-72731-4
SN  - 978-3-030-72732-1
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72732-1_12
VL  - 21
SP  - 257
EP  - 282
PB  - Springer
CY  - Cham
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Ungelenk, Johannes
T1  - Touching at a Distance
BT  - Shakespeare's Theatre
T3  - Edinburgh Critical Studies in Shakespeare and Philosophy : ECSSP
N2  - Studies the capacity of Shakespeare’s plays to touch and think about touchBased on plays from all major genres: Hamlet, The Tempest, Richard III, Much Ado About Nothing and Troilus and CressidaCentres on creative, close readings of Shakespeare’s plays, which aim to generate critical impulses for the 21st century readerBrings Shakespeare Studies into touch with philosophers and theoreticians from a range of disciplinary areas – continental philosophy, literary criticism, psychoanalysis, sociology, phenomenology, law, linguistics: Friedrich Nietzsche, Maurice Blanchot, Jacques Lacan, Luce Irigaray, Jacques Derrida, Roland Barthes, Niklas Luhmann, Hans Blumenberg, Carl Schmitt, J. L. AustinTheatre has a remarkable capacity: it touches from a distance. The audience is affected, despite their physical separation from the stage. The spectators are moved, even though the fictional world presented to them will never come into direct touch with their real lives. Shakespeare is clearly one of the master practitioners of theatrical touch. As the study shows, his exceptional dramaturgic talent is intrinsically connected with being one of the great thinkers of touch. His plays fathom the complexity and power of a fascinating notion – touch as a productive proximity that is characterised by unbridgeable distance – which philosophers like Friedrich Nietzsche, Maurice Blanchot, Jacques Derrida, Luce Irigaray and Jean-Luc Nancy have written about, centuries later. By playing with touch and its metatheatrical implications, Shakespeare raises questions that make his theatrical art point towards modernity: how are communities to form when traditional institutions begin to crumble? What happens to selfhood when time speeds up, when oneness and timeless truth can no longer serve as reliable foundations? What is the role and the capacity of language in a world that has lost its seemingly unshakeable belief and trust in meaning? How are we to conceive of the unthinkable extremes of human existence – birth and death – when the religious orthodoxy slowly ceases to give satisfactory explanations? Shakespeare’s theatre not only prompts these questions, but provides us with answers. They are all related to touch, and they are all theatrical at their core: they are argued and performed by the striking experience of theatre’s capacities to touch – at a distance
Y1  - 2023
SN  - 978-1-4744-9784-8
SN  - 978-1-4744-9785-5
SN  - 978-1-4744-9782-4
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/9781474497848
PB  - Edinburgh University Press
CY  - Edinburgh
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fischer, Caroline
A1  - Heuberger, Moritz
A1  - Heine, Moreen
T1  - The impact of digitalization in the public sector
BT  - a systematic literature review
JF  - Der moderne Staat
N2  - The digitalization of public administration is increasingly moving forward. This systematic literature review analyzes empirical studies that explore the impacts of digitalization projects (n=93) in the public sector. Bibliometrically, only a few authors have published several times on this topic so far. Most studies focusing on impact come from the US or China, and are related to Computer Science. In terms of content, the majority of examined articles studies services to citizens, and therefore consider them when measuring impact. A classification of the investigated effects by dimensions of public value shows that the analysis of utilitarian-instrumental values, such as efficiency or performance, is prevalent. More interdisciplinary cooperation is needed to research the impact of digitalization in the public sector. The different dimensions of impact should be linked more closely. In addition, research should focus more on the effects of digitalization within administration.
KW  - digital transformation
KW  - e-government
KW  - impact evaluation
KW  - public value
KW  - public values
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3224/dms.v14i1.13
SN  - 1865-7192
SN  - 2196-1395
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
SP  - 3
EP  - 23
PB  - Barbara Budrich
CY  - Leverkusen-Opladen
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Heuberger, Moritz
A1  - Schwab, Christian
ED  - Bergström, Tomas
ED  - Franzke, Jochen
ED  - Kuhlmann, Sabine
ED  - Wayenberg, Ellen
T1  - Challenges of digital service provision for local governments from the citizens’ view
BT  - comparing citizens’ expectations and their experiences of digital service provision
T2  - The future of local self-government
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-030-56058-4
SN  - 978-3-030-56059-1
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56059-1_9
SP  - 115
EP  - 130
PB  - Palgrave Macmillan
CY  - Cham
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wolf, Sebastian G.
A1  - Huismans, Ritske S.
A1  - Braun, Jean
A1  - Yuan, Xiaoping
T1  - Topography of mountain belts controlled by rheology and surface processes
JF  - Nature : the international weekly journal of science
N2  - It is widely recognized that collisional mountain belt topography is generated by crustal thickening and lowered by river bedrock erosion, linking climate and tectonics(1-4). However, whether surface processes or lithospheric strength control mountain belt height, shape and longevity remains uncertain. Additionally, how to reconcile high erosion rates in some active orogens with long-term survival of mountain belts for hundreds of millions of years remains enigmatic. Here we investigate mountain belt growth and decay using a new coupled surface process(5,6) and mantle-scale tectonic model(7). End-member models and the new non-dimensional Beaumont number, Bm, quantify how surface processes and tectonics control the topographic evolution of mountain belts, and enable the definition of three end-member types of growing orogens: type 1, non-steady state, strength controlled (Bm > 0.5); type 2, flux steady state(8), strength controlled (Bm approximate to 0.4-0.5); and type 3, flux steady state, erosion controlled (Bm < 0.4). Our results indicate that tectonics dominate in Himalaya-Tibet and the Central Andes (both type 1), efficient surface processes balance high convergence rates in Taiwan (probably type 2) and surface processes dominate in the Southern Alps of New Zealand (type 3). Orogenic decay is determined by erosional efficiency and can be subdivided into two phases with variable isostatic rebound characteristics and associated timescales. The results presented here provide a unified framework explaining how surface processes and lithospheric strength control the height, shape, and longevity of mountain belts.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04700-6
SN  - 0028-0836
SN  - 1476-4687
VL  - 606
IS  - 7914
SP  - 516
EP  - 521
PB  - Nature portfolio
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Hänel, Hilkje C.
ED  - Loh, Janina
ED  - Grote, Thomas
T1  - Epistemische Ungerechtigkeiten zwischen Medizin und Technik
BT  - neue Möglichkeiten oder neue Probleme?
T2  - Medizin – Technik – Ethik
N2  - Nicht erst seit Covid-19 sind die Wissens- und Kommunikationslücken sowie die Hierarchie zwischen Ärzt*innen und Patient*innen offensichtlich. Zusätzlich befinden sich kranke Menschen sowohl aufgrund ihrer Krankheit als auch aufgrund ihrer Abhängigkeit vom Gesundheitswesen in einer besonders verletzlichen Lage; Patient*innen sind ein paradigmatisches Beispiel für fragile epistemische Subjekte. Im vorliegenden Text wird zunächst skizziert inwieweit Patient*innen fragile epistemische Subjekte sind und welche Formen testimonialer und hermeneutischer Ungerechtigkeit im Gesundheitswesen besonders zum Tragen kommen. Danach wird ein besonderes Augenmerk auf die Idee gelegt, dass sogenannte „pathozentrische epistemische Ungerechtigkeiten“ durch bestimmte theoretische Vorstellungen von Gesundheit untermauert und reproduziert werden. Hierbei soll schlussendlich untersucht werden, inwieweit dieses Problem durch technische Mittel in der Medizin verstärkt oder geschwächt werden kann; so reproduzieren Algorithmen beispielsweise die vorhandenen Vorstellungen und Praktiken.
KW  - epistemische Ungerechtigkeit
KW  - pathozentrische epistemische Ungerechtigkeit
KW  - fragile epistemische Subjekte
KW  - Medizintechnik
KW  - Gesundheit
Y1  - 2023
SN  - 978-3-662-65867-3
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65868-0_5
VL  - 5
SP  - 87
EP  - 106
PB  - J.B. Metzler
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Hänel, Hilkje C.
ED  - Schleidgen, Sebastian
ED  - Friedrich, Orsolya
ED  - Wolkenstein, Andreas
T1  - Behinderung als soziale Kategorie im Kontext epistemischer Ungerechtigkeiten, Ignoranz und Abhängigkeit
T2  - Bedeutung und Implikationen epistemischer Ungerechtigkeit
Y1  - 2023
SN  - 978-3-8288-4660-9
SN  - 978-3-8288-7736-8
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783828877368-153
SP  - 153
EP  - 182
PB  - Tectum
CY  - Baden-Baden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hänel, Hilkje C.
T1  - Potentially disabled?
JF  - Inquiry
N2  - Ten years ago, I was diagnosed with a rare illness called Myasthenia Gravis. Myasthenia Gravis is a long-term neuromuscular autoimmune disease where antibodies block or destroy specific receptors at the junction between nerve and muscle; hence, nerve impulses fail to trigger muscle contractions. The disease leads to varying degrees of muscle weakness. Currently, I have only minor symptoms, I am not seriously impaired, and I do not suffer from any social disadvantage because of my illness. Yet, my life and my body since my diagnosis feel different than before. In this paper I aim to make this feeling intelligible and propose that it is a state of what I call ‘latent impairment’. Latent impairment is a state of being ‘in between’, different from being actually impaired and also different from being abled-bodied. The theory takes its cues both from social constructionist theories of disability as well as theories of (chronic) illness and their focus on the importance of subjectivity. Furthermore, I suggest that a phenomenological understanding of latent impairment can show possible ways of becoming an ally to the DRM.
KW  - disability
KW  - chronic illness
KW  - latent impairment
KW  - social construction
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/0020174X.2022.2136753
SN  - 0020-174X
SN  - 1502-3923
SP  - 1
EP  - 26
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Weaver, Catherine
A1  - Heinzel, Mirko
A1  - Jorgensen, Samantha
A1  - Flores, Joseph
T1  - Bureaucratic representation in the IMF and the World Bank
JF  - Global perspectives
N2  - The legitimacy and effectiveness of international organizations are often linked directly to issues of representation—not only on their high-level governing boards and in top leadership but also within their staff. This article explores two key questions of bureaucratic representation in the critical cases of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank. First, we seek to unpack three essential dimensions of staff representation—nationality, education, and gender—to explain how representation may matter for international organizations. Second, we aim to describe the multiple dimensions of representation in the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank over the past twenty years by deploying a novel dataset on staff demographics, focusing on ranks with decision-making authority within the institutions. Our descriptive analysis reveals that the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank have made considerable efforts to diversify their bureaucracies. Nonetheless, representation remains uneven; for example, nationals from middle- and low-income countries, women, and staff without economics degrees from prominent US- or UK-based universities are less present in key leadership positions. These results may be well explained by the particular needs of the institutions’ technical mandates and limits in the supply of qualified staff and, as such, need not be seen as suboptimal. Nonetheless, perceived imbalances in representation may continue to pose external legitimation and operational challenges to the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank in a complex political environment where such multidimensional representation is important to sustaining the buy-in of donor and borrower countries alike. To this end, we recommend that the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank enhance their diversity and inclusion efforts by increasing transparency via reporting disaggregated data on workforce composition and introducing annual requirements to publish progress reports with management feedback to strengthen internal and external accountability.
KW  - representation
KW  - international bureaucracy
KW  - multilateralism
KW  - World Bank
KW  - IMF
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2022.39684
SN  - 2575-7350
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
PB  - University of California Press
CY  - Oakland, CA
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pena-Camargo, Francisco
A1  - Thiesbrummel, Jarla
A1  - Hempel, Hannes
A1  - Musiienko, Artem
A1  - Le Corre, Vincent M.
A1  - Diekmann, Jonas
A1  - Warby, Jonathan
A1  - Unold, Thomas
A1  - Lang, Felix
A1  - Neher, Dieter
A1  - Stolterfoht, Martin
T1  - Revealing the doping density in perovskite solar cells and its impact on device performance
JF  - Applied physics reviews
N2  - Traditional inorganic semiconductors can be electronically doped with high precision. Conversely, there is still conjecture regarding the assessment of the electronic doping density in metal-halide perovskites, not to mention of a control thereof. This paper presents a multifaceted approach to determine the electronic doping density for a range of different lead-halide perovskite systems. Optical and electrical characterization techniques, comprising intensity-dependent and transient photoluminescence, AC Hall effect, transfer-length-methods, and charge extraction measurements were instrumental in quantifying an upper limit for the doping density. The obtained values are subsequently compared to the electrode charge per cell volume under short-circuit conditions ( CUbi/eV), which amounts to roughly 10(16) cm(-3). This figure of merit represents the critical limit below which doping-induced charges do not influence the device performance. The experimental results consistently demonstrate that the doping density is below this critical threshold 10(12) cm(-3), which means << CUbi / e V) for all common lead-based metal-halide perovskites. Nevertheless, although the density of doping-induced charges is too low to redistribute the built-in voltage in the perovskite active layer, mobile ions are present in sufficient quantities to create space-charge-regions in the active layer, reminiscent of doped pn-junctions. These results are well supported by drift-diffusion simulations, which confirm that the device performance is not affected by such low doping densities.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0085286
SN  - 1931-9401
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
PB  - AIP Publishing
CY  - Melville
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brunner, Martin
A1  - Keller, Lena
A1  - Stallasch, Sophie E.
A1  - Kretschmann, Julia
A1  - Hasl, Andrea
A1  - Preckel, Franzis
A1  - Luedtke, Oliver
A1  - Hedges, Larry
T1  - Meta-analyzing individual participant data from studies with complex survey designs
BT  - a tutorial on using the two-stage approach for data from educational large-scale assessments
JF  - Research synthesis methods
N2  - Descriptive analyses of socially important or theoretically interesting phenomena and trends are a vital component of research in the behavioral, social, economic, and health sciences. 
Such analyses yield reliable results when using representative individual participant data (IPD) from studies with complex survey designs, including educational large-scale assessments (ELSAs) or social, health, and economic survey and panel studies. The meta-analytic integration of these results offers unique and novel research opportunities to provide strong empirical evidence of the consistency and generalizability of important phenomena and trends. 

Using ELSAs as an example, this tutorial offers methodological guidance on how to use the two-stage approach to IPD meta-analysis to account for the statistical challenges of complex survey designs (e.g., sampling weights, clustered and missing IPD), first, to conduct descriptive analyses (Stage 1), and second, to integrate results with three-level meta-analytic and meta-regression models to take into account dependencies among effect sizes (Stage 2). 

The two-stage approach is illustrated with IPD on reading achievement from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). We demonstrate how to analyze and integrate standardized mean differences (e.g., gender differences), correlations (e.g., with students' socioeconomic status [SES]), and interactions between individual characteristics at the participant level (e.g., the interaction between gender and SES) across several PISA cycles. 

All the datafiles and R scripts we used are available online. Because complex social, health, or economic survey and panel studies share many methodological features with ELSAs, the guidance offered in this tutorial is also helpful for synthesizing research evidence from these studies.
KW  - complex survey designs
KW  - educational large-scale assessments
KW  - individual
KW  - participant data
KW  - meta-analysis
KW  - Programme for International Student
KW  - Assessment
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1584
SN  - 1759-2879
SN  - 1759-2887
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
SP  - 5
EP  - 35
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hänel, Hilkje C.
T1  - Einleitung: Epistemische Ungerechtigkeiten
T1  - Introduction: epistemic injustice
JF  - Zeitschrift für praktische Philosophie
N2  - Die Debatte um epistemische Ungerechtigkeit verbindet normative Gerechtigkeitstheorien mit erkenntnistheoretischen Theorien und stellt somit die Art von wichtigen Fragen, die in den letzten Jahren sowohl innerhalb als auch außerhalb der Wissenschaft internationale Aufmerksamkeit erfahren haben. Verwiesen sei hier etwa auf soziale Bewegungen wie #MeToo und #BlackLivesMatter zeigen. Theorien der epistemischen Ungerechtigkeit (sowie verwandte Theorien wie Epistemologie des Unwissens, feministische Erkenntnistheorie und Standpunkttheorie) können sowohl epistemische Praktiken analysieren und einen Beitrag zu Gerechtigkeitstheorien und sozialer Epistemologie liefern, als auch zu adäquateren Verständnissen von existierenden Ungerechtigkeiten beitragen. In dem hier vorliegenden Schwerpunkt werden Beiträge zu eben solchen bislang wenig erforschten Ungerechtigkeiten sowie neue Diskussionsbeiträge zur Debatte um epistemische Ungerechtigkeiten geliefert.
N2  - The debate of epistemic injustice combines normative theories of justice with epistemological theories, posing the kinds of important questions that have received international attention in recent years, both inside and outside academia. Examples of the public relevance of the issue are social movements such as #MeToo and #BlackLivesMatter. Theories of epistemic injustice (and related theories such as epistemology of ignorance, feminist epistemology, and standpoint epistemology) can both analyze epistemic practices and contribute to theories of justice, social epistemology, and neighboring fields, as well as provide more adequate understandings of existing injustices. The special issue contributes to the analysis of such existing, yet under-researched injustices and new contributions to the debate on epistemic injustices.
KW  - Epistemische Ungerechtigkeit
KW  - Unwissen
KW  - feministische Erkenntnistheorie
KW  - Standpunkttheorie
KW  - soziale Bewegungen
KW  - epistemic injustice
KW  - ignorance
KW  - feminist epistemology
KW  - standpoint-theory
KW  - social movements
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.22613/zfpp/9.1.5
SN  - 2409-9961
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
SP  - 141
EP  - 154
PB  - Universität Salzburg, Zentrum für Ethik und Armutsforschung
CY  - Salzburg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dudi, Reetika
A1  - Dietrich, Tim
A1  - Rashti, Alireza
A1  - Brügmann, Bernd
A1  - Steinhoff, Jan
A1  - Tichy, Wolfgang
T1  - High-accuracy simulations of highly spinning binary neutron star systems
JF  - Physical review : D, Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology
N2  - With an increasing number of expected gravitational-wave detections of binary neutron star mergers, it is essential that gravitational-wave models employed for the analysis of observational data are able to describe generic compact binary systems. This includes systems in which the individual neutron stars are millisecond pulsars for which spin effects become essential. In this work, we perform numerical-relativity simulations of binary neutron stars with aligned and antialigned spins within a range of dimensionless spins of chi similar to [-0.28, 0.58]. The simulations are performed with multiple resolutions, show a clear convergence order and, consequently, can be used to test existing waveform approximants. We find that for very high spins gravitational-wave models that have been employed for the interpretation of GW170817 and GW190425 arc not capable of describing our numerical-relativity dataset. We verify through a full parameter estimation study in which clear biases in the estimate of the tidal deformability and effective spin are present. We hope that in preparation of the next gravitational-wave observing run of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors our new set of numerical-relativity data can be used to support future developments of new gravitational-wave models.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.105.064050
SN  - 2470-0010
SN  - 2470-0029
VL  - 105
IS  - 6
PB  - American Physical Society
CY  - College Park
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pohl, Martin
A1  - Macias, Oscar
A1  - Coleman, Phaedra
A1  - Gordon, Chris
T1  - Assessing the impact of hydrogen absorption on the characteristics of the Galactic center excess
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics
N2  - We present a new reconstruction of the distribution of atomic hydrogen in the inner Galaxy that is based on explicit radiation transport modeling of line and continuum emission and a gas-flow model in the barred Galaxy that provides distance resolution for lines of sight toward the Galactic center. 

The main benefits of the new gas model are (a) the ability to reproduce the negative line signals seen with the HI4PI survey and (b) the accounting for gas that primarily manifests itself through absorption. 
We apply the new model of Galactic atomic hydrogen to an analysis of the diffuse gamma-ray emission from the inner Galaxy, for which an excess at a few GeV was reported that may be related to dark matter. 
We find with high significance an improved fit to the diffuse gamma-ray emission observed with the Fermi-LAT, if our new H i model is used to estimate the cosmic-ray induced diffuse gamma-ray emission. 
The fit still requires a nuclear bulge at high significance. Once this is included there is no evidence of a dark-matter signal, be it cuspy or cored. But an additional so-called boxy bulge is still favored by the data. 
This finding is robust under the variation of various parameters, for example, the excitation temperature of atomic hydrogen, and a number of tests for systematic issues.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac6032
SN  - 0004-637X
SN  - 1538-4357
VL  - 929
IS  - 2
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mishurova, Tatiana
A1  - Stegemann, Robert
A1  - Lyamkin, Viktor
A1  - Cabeza, Sandra
A1  - Evsevleev, Sergei
A1  - Pelkner, Matthias
A1  - Bruno, Giovanni
T1  - Subsurface and bulk residual stress analysis of S235JRC+C Steel TIG weld by diffraction and magnetic stray field measurements
JF  - Experimental mechanics : an international journal of the Society for Experimental Mechanics
N2  - Background
Due to physical coupling between mechanical stress and magnetization in ferromagnetic materials, it is assumed in the literature that the distribution of the magnetic stray field corresponds to the internal (residual) stress of the specimen. 
The correlation is, however, not trivial, since the magnetic stray field is also influenced by the microstructure and the geometry of component. 
The understanding of the correlation between residual stress and magnetic stray field could help to evaluate the integrity of welded components. 

Objective
This study aims at understanding the possible correlation of subsurface and bulk residual stress with magnetic stray field in a low carbon steel weld. 

Methods 
The residual stress was determined by synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD, subsurface region) and by neutron diffraction (ND, bulk region). 
SXRD possesses a higher spatial resolution than ND. Magnetic stray fields were mapped by utilizing high-spatial-resolution giant magneto resistance (GMR) sensors. 

Results 
The subsurface residual stress overall correlates better with the magnetic stray field distribution than the bulk stress. This correlation is especially visible in the regions outside the heat affected zone, where the influence of the microstructural features is less pronounced but steep residual stress gradients are present. 

Conclusions 
It was demonstrated that the localized stray field sources without any obvious microstructural variations are associated with steep stress gradients. 
The good correlation between subsurface residual stress and magnetic signal indicates that the source of the magnetic stray fields is to be found in the range of the penetration depth of the SXRD measurements.
KW  - residual stress
KW  - magnetic stray field
KW  - synchrotron X-ray diffraction
KW  - neutron diffraction
KW  - TIG-welding
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-022-00841-x
SN  - 0014-4851
SN  - 1741-2765
VL  - 62
IS  - 6
SP  - 1017
EP  - 1025
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Genske, Ulrich
A1  - Jahnke, Paul
T1  - Human observer net
BT  - a platform tool for human observer studies of Image data
JF  - Radiology
N2  - Background: 
Current software applications for human observer studies of images lack flexibility in study design, platform independence, multicenter use, and assessment methods and are not open source, limiting accessibility and expandability.

Purpose: 
To develop a user-friendly software platform that enables efficient human observer studies in medical imaging with flexibility of study design. 

Materials and Methods: 
Software for human observer imaging studies was designed as an open-source web application to facilitate access, platform-independent usability, and multicenter studies. Different interfaces for study creation, participation, and management of results were implemented. The software was evaluated in human observer experiments between May 2019 and March 2021, in which duration of observer responses was tracked. Fourteen radiologists evaluated and graded software usability using the 100-point system usability scale. The application was tested in Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge browsers. 

Results: 
Software function was designed to allow visual grading analysis (VGA), multiple-alternative forced-choice (m-AFC), receiver operating characteristic (ROC), localization ROC, free-response ROC, and customized designs. The mean duration of reader responses per image or per image set was 6.2 seconds 6 4.8 (standard deviation), 5.8 seconds 6 4.7, 8.7 seconds 6 5.7, and 6.0 seconds 6 4.5 in four-AFC with 160 image quartets per reader, four-AFC with 640 image quartets per reader, localization ROC, and experimental studies, respectively. The mean system usability scale score was 83 6 11 (out of 100). The documented code and a demonstration of the application are available online (https://github.com/genskeu/HON, https://hondemo.pythonanywhere.com/). 

Conclusion: 
A user-friendly and efficient open-source application was developed for human reader experiments that enables study design versatility, as well as platform-independent and multicenter usability.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.211832
SN  - 0033-8419
VL  - 303
IS  - 3
SP  - 524
EP  - 530
PB  - Radiologgical soc North America (RSNA)
CY  - Oak brook
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wassermann, Birgit
A1  - Abdelfattah, Ahmed
A1  - Wicaksono, Wisnu Adi
A1  - Kusstatscher, Peter
A1  - Müller, Henry
A1  - Cernava, Tomislav
A1  - Goertz, Simon
A1  - Rietz, Steffen
A1  - Abbadi, Amine
A1  - Berg, Gabriele
T1  - The Brassica napus seed microbiota is cultivar-specific and transmitted via paternal breeding lines
JF  - Microbial biotechnology
N2  - Seed microbiota influence germination and plant health and have the potential to improve crop performance, but the factors that determine their structure and functions are still not fully understood. 
Here, we analysed the impact of plant-related and external factors on seed endophyte communities of 10 different oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars from 26 field sites across Europe. 

All seed lots harboured a high abundance and diversity of endophytes, which were dominated by six genera: Ralstonia, Serratia, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Pantoea, and Sphingomonas. 

The cultivar was the main factor explaining the variations in bacterial diversity, abundance and composition. In addition, the latter was significantly influenced by diverse biotic and abiotic factors, for example host germination rates and disease resistance against Plasmodiophora brassicae. 
A set of bacterial biomarkers was identified to discriminate between characteristics of the seeds, for example Sphingomonas for improved germination and Brevundimonas for disease resistance. 
Application of a Bayesian community approach suggested vertical transmission of seed endophytes, where the paternal parent plays a major role and might even determine the germination performance of the offspring. 

This study contributes to the understanding of seed microbiome assembly and underlines the potential of the microbiome to be implemented in crop breeding and biocontrol programmes.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.14077
SN  - 1751-7915
VL  - 15
IS  - 9
SP  - 2379
EP  - 2390
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heinzel, Mirko
T1  - Divided loyalties?
BT  - the role of national IO staff in aid–funded procurement
JF  - Governance
N2  - Many operational International Organizations (IOs) rely on national staff when implementing projects in member states. However, fears persist that the loyalties of national IO staff may be divided when working in their home countries. The article studies differences in more than 50,000 procurement decisions taken in 1729 projects overseen by World Bank staff working as expatriates or in their home countries. The empirical results show that when staff work in their home countries, national suppliers' probability of winning procurement contracts increases. However, these increases are not driven by restricted procurement processes—that exclude competition—which are often seen as red flags for corruption. Instead, restricted procurement processes seem to be less likely when staff work in their home countries. These findings imply that national IO staff use their country-specific knowledge to increase the development effectiveness of procurement in line with the mandate of the World Bank.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12650
SN  - 0952-1895
SN  - 1468-0491
VL  - 35
IS  - 4
SP  - 1183
EP  - 1203
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schad, Daniel
A1  - Nicenboim, Bruno
A1  - Bürkner, Paul-Christian
A1  - Betancourt, Michael
A1  - Vasishth, Shravan
T1  - Workflow techniques for the robust use of bayes factors
JF  - Psychological methods
N2  - Inferences about hypotheses are ubiquitous in the cognitive sciences. Bayes factors provide one general way to compare different hypotheses by their compatibility with the observed data. Those quantifications can then also be used to choose between hypotheses. While Bayes factors provide an immediate approach to hypothesis testing, they are highly sensitive to details of the data/model assumptions and it's unclear whether the details of the computational implementation (such as bridge sampling) are unbiased for complex analyses. Hem, we study how Bayes factors misbehave under different conditions. This includes a study of errors in the estimation of Bayes factors; the first-ever use of simulation-based calibration to test the accuracy and bias of Bayes factor estimates using bridge sampling; a study of the stability of Bayes factors against different MCMC draws and sampling variation in the data; and a look at the variability of decisions based on Bayes factors using a utility function. We outline a Bayes factor workflow that researchers can use to study whether Bayes factors are robust for their individual analysis. Reproducible code is available from haps://osf.io/y354c/. <br /> Translational Abstract <br /> In psychology and related areas, scientific hypotheses are commonly tested by asking questions like "is [some] effect present or absent." Such hypothesis testing is most often carried out using frequentist null hypothesis significance testing (NIIST). The NHST procedure is very simple: It usually returns a p-value, which is then used to make binary decisions like "the effect is present/abscnt." For example, it is common to see studies in the media that draw simplistic conclusions like "coffee causes cancer," or "coffee reduces the chances of geuing cancer." However, a powerful and more nuanced alternative approach exists: Bayes factors. Bayes factors have many advantages over NHST. However, for the complex statistical models that arc commonly used for data analysis today, computing Bayes factors is not at all a simple matter. In this article, we discuss the main complexities associated with computing Bayes factors. This is the first article to provide a detailed workflow for understanding and computing Bayes factors in complex statistical models. The article provides a statistically more nuanced way to think about hypothesis testing than the overly simplistic tendency to declare effects as being "present" or "absent".
KW  - Bayes factors
KW  - Bayesian model comparison
KW  - prior
KW  - posterior
KW  - simulation-based calibration
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000472
SN  - 1082-989X
SN  - 1939-1463
VL  - 28
IS  - 6
SP  - 1404
EP  - 1426
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Baccini, Leonardo
A1  - Heinzel, Mirko
A1  - Koenig-Archibugi, Mathias
T1  - The social construction of global health priorities
BT  - an empirical analysis of contagion in bilateral health aid
JF  - International studies quarterly
N2  - Donors of development assistance for health typically provide funding for a range of disease focus areas, such as maternal health and child health, malaria, HIV/AIDS, and other infectious diseases. But funding for each disease category does not match closely its contribution to the disability and loss of life it causes and the cost-effectiveness of interventions. We argue that peer influences in the social construction of global health priorities contribute to explaining this misalignment. Aid policy-makers are embedded in a social environment encompassing other donors, health experts, advocacy groups, and international officials. This social environment influences the conceptual and normative frameworks of decision-makers, which in turn affect their funding priorities. Aid policy-makers are especially likely to emulate decisions on funding priorities taken by peers with whom they are most closely involved in the context of expert and advocacy networks. We draw on novel data on donor connectivity through health IGOs and health INGOs and assess the argument by applying spatial regression models to health aid disbursed globally between 1990 and 2017. The analysis provides strong empirical support for our argument that the involvement in overlapping expert and advocacy networks shapes funding priorities regarding disease categories and recipient countries in health aid.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqab092
SN  - 0020-8833
SN  - 1468-2478
VL  - 66
IS  - 1
PB  - Oxford University Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jozi Najafabadi, Azam
A1  - Haberland, Christian
A1  - Ryberg, Trond
A1  - Verwater, Vincent F.
A1  - Breton, Eline le
A1  - Handy, Mark R.
A1  - Weber, Michael
T1  - Relocation of earthquakes in the southern and eastern Alps (Austria, Italy) recorded by the dense, temporary SWATH-D network using a Markov chain Monte Carlo inversion
JF  - Solid earth : SE ; an interaktive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union
N2  - In this study, we analyzed a large seismological dataset from temporary and permanent networks in the southern and eastern Alps to establish high-precision hypocenters and 1-D V-P and V-P/V-S models. The waveform data of a subset of local earthquakes with magnitudes in the range of 1-4.2 M-L were recorded by the dense, temporary SWATH-D network and selected stations of the AlpArray network between September 2017 and the end of 2018. The first arrival times of P and S waves of earthquakes are determined by a semi-automatic procedure. We applied a Markov chain Monte Carlo inversion method to simultaneously calculate robust hypocenters, a 1-D velocity model, and station corrections without prior assumptions, such as initial velocity models or earthquake locations. A further advantage of this method is the derivation of the model parameter uncertainties and noise levels of the data. The precision estimates of the localization procedure is checked by inverting a synthetic travel time dataset from a complex 3-D velocity model and by using the real stations and earthquakes geometry. The location accuracy is further investigated by a quarry blast test. The average uncertainties of the locations of the earthquakes are below 500m in their epicenter and similar to 1.7 km in depth. The earthquake distribution reveals seismicity in the upper crust (0-20 km), which is characterized by pronounced clusters along the Alpine frontal thrust, e.g., the Friuli-Venetia (FV) region, the Giudicarie-Lessini (GL) and Schio-Vicenza domains, the Austroalpine nappes, and the Inntal area. Some seismicity also occurs along the Periadriatic Fault. The general pattern of seismicity reflects head-on convergence of the Adriatic indenter with the Alpine orogenic crust. The seismicity in the FV and GL regions is deeper than the modeled frontal thrusts, which we interpret as indication for southward propagation of the southern Alpine deformation front (blind thrusts).
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1087-2021
SN  - 1869-9529
VL  - 12
IS  - 5
SP  - 1087
EP  - 1109
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Genderjahn, Steffi
A1  - Lewin, Simon
A1  - Horn, Fabian
A1  - Schleicher, Anja M.
A1  - Mangelsdorf, Kai
A1  - Wagner, Dirk
T1  - Living lithic and sublithic bacterial communities in Namibian drylands
JF  - Microorganisms : open access journal
N2  - Dryland xeric conditions exert a deterministic effect on microbial communities, forcing life into refuge niches. Deposited rocks can form a lithic niche for microorganisms in desert regions. Mineral weathering is a key process in soil formation and the importance of microbial-driven mineral weathering for nutrient extraction is increasingly accepted. Advances in geobiology provide insight into the interactions between microorganisms and minerals that play an important role in weathering processes. In this study, we present the examination of the microbial diversity in dryland rocks from the Tsauchab River banks in Namibia. We paired culture-independent 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing with culture-dependent (isolation of bacteria) techniques to assess the community structure and diversity patterns. Bacteria isolated from dryland rocks are typical of xeric environments and are described as being involved in rock weathering processes. For the first time, we extracted extra- and intracellular DNA from rocks to enhance our understanding of potentially rock-weathering microorganisms. We compared the microbial community structure in different rock types (limestone, quartz-rich sandstone and quartz-rich shale) with adjacent soils below the rocks. Our results indicate differences in the living lithic and sublithic microbial communities.
KW  - lithobiont
KW  - intracellular DNA
KW  - extracellular DNA
KW  - weathering
KW  - dryland
KW  - rock
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020235
SN  - 2076-2607
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heinzel, Mirko
A1  - Koenig-Archibugi, Mathias
T1  - Harmful side effects
BT  - how government restrictions against transnational civil society affect global health
JF  - British journal of political science
N2  - Governments have increasingly adopted laws restricting the activities of international non-governmental organizations INGOs within their borders. Such laws are often intended to curb the ability of critical INGOs to discover and communicate government failures and abuses to domestic and international audiences. They can also have the unintended effect of reducing the presence and activities of INGOs working on health issues, and depriving local health workers and organizations of access to resources, knowledge and other forms of support. This study assesses whether legislative restrictions on INGOs are associated with fewer health INGOs in a wide range of countries and with the ability of those countries to mitigate disability-adjusted life years lost because of twenty-one disease categories between 1993 and 2017. The findings indicate that restrictive legislation hampered efforts by civil society to lighten the global burden of disease and had adverse side effects on the health of citizens worldwide.
KW  - international non-governmental organizations
KW  - INGOs
KW  - restrictions to civil society
KW  - closing civic space
KW  - authoritarianism
KW  - health services
KW  - global health
KW  - burden of disease
KW  - disability-adjusted life years
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123422000564
SN  - 0007-1234
SN  - 1469-2112
VL  - 53
IS  - 4
SP  - 1293
EP  - 1310
PB  - Cambridge University Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Macdonald, Elena
A1  - Merz, Bruno
A1  - Guse, Björn
A1  - Wietzke, Luzie
A1  - Ullrich, Sophie
A1  - Kemter, Matthias
A1  - Ahrens, Bodo
A1  - Vorogushyn, Sergiy
T1  - Event and catchment controls of heavy tail behavior of floods
JF  - Water resources research
N2  - In some catchments, the distribution of annual maximum streamflow shows heavy tail behavior, meaning the occurrence probability of extreme events is higher than if the upper tail decayed exponentially. Neglecting heavy tail behavior can lead to an underestimation of the likelihood of extreme floods and the associated risk. Partly contradictory results regarding the controls of heavy tail behavior exist in the literature and the knowledge is still very dispersed and limited. To better understand the drivers, we analyze the upper tail behavior and its controls for 480 catchments in Germany and Austria over a period of more than 50 years. The catchments span from quickly reacting mountain catchments to large lowland catchments, allowing for general conclusions. We compile a wide range of event and catchment characteristics and investigate their association with an indicator of the tail heaviness of flood distributions, namely the shape parameter of the GEV distribution. Following univariate analyses of these characteristics, along with an evaluation of different aggregations of event characteristics, multiple linear regression models, as well as random forests, are constructed. A novel slope indicator, which represents the relation between the return period of flood peaks and event characteristics, captures the controls of heavy tails best. Variables describing the catchment response are found to dominate the heavy tail behavior, followed by event precipitation, flood seasonality, and catchment size. The pre-event moisture state in a catchment has no relevant impact on the tail heaviness even though it does influence flood magnitudes.
KW  - heavy tail behavior
KW  - floods
KW  - event characteristics
KW  - catchment
KW  - characteristics
KW  - catchment response
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR031260
SN  - 0043-1397
SN  - 1944-7973
VL  - 58
IS  - 6
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ashton, Gregory
A1  - Dietrich, Tim
T1  - The use of hypermodels to understand binary neutron star collisions
JF  - Nature astronomy
N2  - Gravitational waves from the collision of binary neutron stars provide a unique opportunity to study the behaviour of supranuclear matter, the fundamental properties of gravity and the cosmic history of our Universe. However, given the complexity of Einstein's field equations, theoretical models that enable source-property inference suffer from systematic uncertainties due to simplifying assumptions. We develop a hypermodel approach to compare and measure the uncertainty of gravitational-wave approximants. Using state-of-the-art models, we apply this new technique to the binary neutron star observations GW170817 and GW190425 and to the sub-threshold candidate GW200311_103121. Our analysis reveals subtle systematic differences (with Bayesian odds of similar to 2) between waveform models. A frequency-dependence study suggests that this may be due to the treatment of the tidal sector. This new technique provides a proving ground for model development and a means to identify waveform systematics in future observing runs where detector improvements will increase the number and clarity of binary neutron star collisions we observe.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-022-01707-x
SN  - 2397-3366
VL  - 6
IS  - 8
SP  - 961
EP  - 967
PB  - Nature portfolio
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mazzone, Angela
A1  - Wachs, Sebastian
A1  - Foody, Mairead
A1  - Blaya, Catherine
T1  - Editorial: A connected or isolated generation?
BT  - the impact of positive and harmful online communications on children and adolescents' wellbeing
JF  - Frontiers in education
KW  - children
KW  - adolescents
KW  - wellbeing
KW  - internet use
KW  - sharenting
KW  - cyberbullying
KW  - onlineharmful experiences
KW  - COVID-19 pandemic
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.999028
SN  - 2504-284X
VL  - 7
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - RPRT
A1  - Franzke, Jochen
ED  - Landeshauptstadt Potsdam, Oberbürgermeister
T1  - Das Zusammenwirken der Ortsbeiräte mit der Stadtverwaltung und der Stadtverordnetenversammlung
BT  - Bericht 2021
Y1  - 2021
UR  - https://buergerbeteiligung.potsdam.de/sites/default/files/documents/211028_berichtproffranzkegesamt_0.pdf
PB  - Landeshauptstadt Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
ED  - Buchheim, Johannes
ED  - Kraetzig, Viktoria
ED  - Mendelsohn, Juliane
ED  - Steinrötter, Björn
T1  - Plattformen : Grundlagen und Neuordnung des Rechts digitaler Plattformen
BT  - GRUR junge Wissenschaft, Potsdam 2023
N2  - Digitale Plattformen prägen unsere Rechts- und Wirtschaftsordnung, die Freizeitgestaltung, das Informationsverhalten und im Aggregat die digitale Öffentlichkeit. Die damit verbundenen Rechtsfragen sind im Fluss und berühren alle juristischen Teildisziplinen. Der Tagungsband nähert sich daher den Entwicklungen des Plattformrechts aus disziplinübergreifendem Blickwinkel. Dieser Versuch einer überspannenden Perspektive fokussiert vor allem auf die beiden „Großen“ der jüngsten Rechtsakte (DSA/DMA) unter dem besonderen Gesichtspunkt ihres Vollzugs: Wie kann man ein globales Phänomen wie Plattformen lokal und regional regulieren? Welche Rolle spielt der Schwarm der Vielen in der Effektivierung der neuen Regularien? Passen Regelungsmodelle wie das Urheberrecht zum Plattformphänomen?
KW  - Europäische Union
KW  - Deutschland
KW  - Plattform <Wirtschaft>
KW  - Urheberrecht
KW  - Wettbewerbsrecht
Y1  - 2024
SN  - 978-3-7560-1454-5
SN  - 978-3-03891-715-1
SN  - 978-3-7089-2476-2
PB  - Nomos
CY  - Baden-Baden
ER  - 
TY  - RPRT
A1  - Franzke, Jochen
ED  - Fraktion BÜNDNIS 90/DIE GRÜNEN, 
T1  - „Brandenburger Städte und Gemeinden in der Lausitz. Transformationsherausforderungen und Anpassungsstrategien an den regionalen Strukturwandel“
BT  - ein Bericht
N2  - Seit zwei Jahren arbeiten die Werkstätten der Wirtschaftsregion Lausitz an der Projektauswahl und -qualifizierung für die Strukturstärkungsmittel. Wir haben uns gefragt: Wie geht es Vertreter*innen aus Lausitzer Städten und Gemeinden auf diesem Neuland? Was brauchen sie, um der zentralen Rolle gerecht zu werden, die das Strukturstärkungsgesetz für sie vorgesehen hat? Und wo können wir als politische Vertreter*innen aktiv werden, um Hindernisse aus dem Weg zu räumen?

Dafür ist Prof. Dr. Franzke in den letzten Monaten mit Lausitzer*innen ins Gespräch gekommen. Der vorliegende Bericht soll – als Momentaufnahme – erste Antworten liefern. Wir stehen am Anfang eines langandauernden Transformationsprozesses. Auf manche Fragen gibt es noch keine Antworten und auf andere wird sich die Antwort im Laufe der Zeit womöglich ändern. Das ist auch in Ordnung. Denn in einem sich stetig wandelnden Prozess lernen wir, mit sich stetig wandelnden Antworten zu leben.
Y1  - 2022
UR  - https://gruene-fraktion-brandenburg.de/uploads/documents/Publikationen/221205-Bericht-Brandenburger-Staedte-und-Gemeinden-in-der-Lausitz.pdf
PB  - Fraktion BÜNDNIS 90/DIE GRÜNEN
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Borghi, Anna M.
A1  - Shaki, Samuel
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - Abstract concepts: external influences, internal constraints, and methodological issues
JF  - Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action
N2  - There is a longstanding and widely held misconception about the relative remoteness of abstract concepts from concrete experiences. This review examines the current evidence for external influences and internal constraints on the processing, representation, and use of abstract concepts, like truth, friendship, and number. We highlight the theoretical benefit of distinguishing between grounded and embodied cognition and then ask which roles do perception, action, language, and social interaction play in acquiring, representing and using abstract concepts. By reviewing several studies, we show that they are, against the accepted definition, not detached from perception and action. Focussing on magnitude-related concepts, we also discuss evidence for cultural influences on abstract knowledge and explore how internal processes such as inner speech, metacognition, and inner bodily signals (interoception) influence the acquisition and retrieval of abstract knowledge. Finally, we discuss some methodological developments. Specifically, we focus on the importance of studies that investigate the time course of conceptual processing and we argue that, because of the paramount role of sociality for abstract concepts, new methods are necessary to study concepts in interactive situations. We conclude that bodily, linguistic, and social constraints provide important theoretical limitations for our theories of conceptual knowledge.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-022-01698-4
SN  - 0340-0727
SN  - 1430-2772
VL  - 86
SP  - 2370
EP  - 2388
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Nakoudi, Konstantina
A1  - Stachlewska, Iwona S.
A1  - Ritter, Christoph
T1  - An extended lidar-based cirrus cloud retrieval scheme
BT  - first application over an Arctic site
JF  - Optics express : the international electronic journal of optics / Optica
N2  - Accurate and precise characterization of cirrus cloud geometrical and optical properties is essential for better constraining their radiative footprint. A lidar-based retrieval scheme is proposed here, with its performance assessed on fine spatio-temporal observations over the Arctic site of Ny-Alesund, Svalbard. Two contributions related to cirrus geometrical (dynamic Wavelet Covariance Transform (WCT)) and optical properties (constrained Klett) are reported. The dynamic WCT rendered cirrus detection more robust, especially for thin cirrus layers that frequently remained undetected by the classical WCT method. Regarding optical characterization, we developed an iterative scheme for determining the cirrus lidar ratio (LRci) that is a crucial parameter for aerosol - cloud discrimination. Building upon the Klett-Fernald method, the LRci was constrained by an additional reference value. In established methods, such as the double-ended Klett, an aerosol-free reference value is applied. In the proposed constrained Klett, however, the reference value was approximated from cloud-free or low cloud optical depth (COD up to 0.2) profiles and proved to agree with independent Raman estimates. For optically thin cirrus, the constrained Klett inherent uncertainties reached 50% (60-74%) in terms of COD (LRci). However, for opaque cirrus COD (LRci) uncertainties were lower than 10% (15%). The detection method discrepancies (dynamic versus static WCT) had a higher impact on the optical properties of low COD layers (up to 90%) compared to optically thicker ones (less than 10%). The constrained Klett presented high agreement with two established retrievals. For an exemplary cirrus cloud, the constrained Klett estimated the COD355 (LRci355) at 0.28 +/- 0.17 (29 +/- 4 sr), the double-ended Klett at 0.27 +/- 0.15 (32 +/- 4 sr) and the Raman retrievals at 0.22 +/- 0.12 (26 +/- 11 sr). Our approach to determine the necessary reference value can also be applied in established methods and increase their accuracy. In contrast, the classical aerosol-free assumption led to 44 sr LRci overestimation in optically thin layers and 2-8 sr in thicker ones. The multiple scattering effect was corrected using Eloranta (1998) and accounted for 50-60% extinction underestimation near the cloud base and 20-30% within the cirrus layers.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.414770
SN  - 1094-4087
VL  - 29
IS  - 6
SP  - 8553
EP  - 8580
PB  - Optical Society of America
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Düvel, Pia
A1  - Ehmig, Ulrike
A1  - McCall, Jeremiah
A1  - Unceta Gómez, Luis
A1  - Bakogianni, Anastasia
A1  - Fischer, Jens
A1  - Serrano Lozano, David
A1  - Ambühl, Annemarie
A1  - Matz, Alicia
A1  - Brinker, Wolfram
A1  - Mach, Jonas Konstantin
A1  - Mancini, Mattia
A1  - Werner, Eva
ED  - Ambühl, Annemarie
ED  - Carlà-Uhink, Filippo
ED  - Rollinger, Christian
ED  - Walde, Christine
T1  - Spring Issue
T2  - thersites
KW  - history textbooks
KW  - textbook research
KW  - historical consciousness
KW  - Spartacus
KW  - slavery
KW  - history teaching
KW  - Anfänge der systematischen lateinische Epigraphik
KW  - Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum
KW  - Archiv
KW  - Reproduktion von Inschriften
KW  - history
KW  - video games
KW  - agents
KW  - historiography
KW  - Jonathan Muroya
KW  - Greek mythology
KW  - classical reception
KW  - cartoons
Y1  - 2024
U6  - https://doi.org/10.34679/thersites.vol18
SN  - 2364-7612
VL  - 2024
IS  - 18
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schultze, Dina
A1  - Wirth, Richard
A1  - Wunder, Bernd
A1  - Loges, Anselm
A1  - Wilke, Max
A1  - Franz, Gerhard
T1  - Corundum-quartz metastability
BT  - the influence of a nanometer-sized phase on mineral equilibria in the system Al2O3-SiO2-H2O
JF  - Contributions to mineralogy and petrology
N2  - The metastable paragenesis of corundum and quartz is rare in nature but common in laboratory experiments where according to thermodynamic predictions aluminum-silicate polymorphs should form. We demonstrate here that the existence of a hydrous, silicon-bearing, nanometer-thick layer (called "HSNL") on the corundum surface can explain this metastability in experimental studies without invoking unspecific kinetic inhibition. We investigated experimentally formed corundum reaction products synthesized during hydrothermal and piston-cylinder experiments at 500-800 degrees C and 0.25-1.8 GPa and found that this HSNL formed inside and on the corundum crystals, thereby controlling the growth behavior of its host. The HSNL represents a substitution of Al with Si and H along the basal plane of corundum. Along the interface of corundum and quartz, the HSNL effectively isolates the bulk phases corundum and quartz from each other, thus apparently preventing their reaction to the stable aluminum silicate. High temperatures and prolonged experimental duration lead to recrystallization of corundum including the HSNL and to the formation of quartz + fluid inclusions inside the host crystal. This process reduces the phase boundary area between the bulk phases, thereby providing further opportunity to expand their coexistence. In addition to its small size, its transient nature makes it difficult to detect the HSNL in experiments and even more so in natural samples. Our findings emphasize the potential impact of nanometer-sized phases on geochemical reaction pathways and kinetics under metamorphic conditions in one of the most important chemical systems of the Earth's crust.
KW  - Experimental
KW  - Metastability
KW  - Corundum
KW  - Quartz
KW  - Nanolayers
KW  - Aluminium– silicates
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-021-01786-5
SN  - 0010-7999
SN  - 1432-0967
VL  - 176
IS  - 4
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin ; Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hoffmann, Holger
A1  - Ott, Christiane
A1  - Raupbach, Jana
A1  - Andernach, Lars
A1  - Renz, Matthias
A1  - Grune, Tilman
A1  - Hanschen, Franziska S.
T1  - Assessing bioavailability and bioactivity of 4-Hydroxythiazolidine-2-Thiones, newly discovered glucosinolate degradation products formed during domestic boiling of cabbage
JF  - Frontiers in nutrition
N2  - Glucosinolates are plant secondary metabolites found in cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae) that are valued for their potential health benefits. Frequently consumed representatives of these vegetables, for example, are white or red cabbage, which are typically boiled before consumption. Recently, 3-alk(en)yl-4-hydroxythiazolidine-2-thiones were identified as a class of thermal glucosinolate degradation products that are formed during the boiling of cabbage. Since these newly discovered compounds are frequently consumed, this raises questions about their potential uptake and their possible bioactive functions. Therefore, 3-allyl-4-hydroxythiazolidine-2-thione (allyl HTT) and 4-hydroxy-3-(4-(methylsulfinyl) butyl)thiazolidine-2-thione (4-MSOB HTT) as degradation products of the respective glucosinolates sinigrin and glucoraphanin were investigated. After consumption of boiled red cabbage broth, recoveries of consumed amounts of the degradation products in urine collected for 24 h were 18 +/- 5% for allyl HTT and 21 +/- 4% for 4-MSOB HTT (mean +/- SD, n = 3). To investigate the stability of the degradation products during uptake and to elucidate the uptake mechanism, both an in vitro stomach and an in vitro intestinal model were applied. The results indicate that the uptake of allyl HTT and 4-MSOB HTT occurs by passive diffusion. Both compounds show no acute cell toxicity, no antioxidant potential, and no change in NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1) activity up to 100 mu M. However, inhibition of glycogen synthase kinases-3 (GSK-3) in the range of 20% for allyl HTT for the isoform GSK-3 beta and 29% for 4-MSOB HTT for the isoform GSK-3 alpha at a concentration of 100 mu M was found. Neither health-promoting nor toxic effects of 3-alk(en)yl-4-hydroxythiazolidine-2-thiones were found in the four tested assays carried out in this study, which contrasts with the properties of other glucosinolate degradation products, such as isothiocyanates.
KW  - stomach model
KW  - glycogen synthase kinase-3
KW  - cytotoxicity
KW  - antioxidant potential
KW  - intestinal model
KW  - cellular uptake
KW  - isothiocyanate
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.941286
SN  - 2296-861X
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jamalreyhani, Mohammadreza
A1  - Rezapour, Mehdi
A1  - Cesca, Simone
A1  - Dahm, Torsten
A1  - Heimann, Sebastian
A1  - Sudhaus, Henriette
A1  - Isken, Marius Paul
T1  - Insight into the 2017-2019 Lurestan arc seismic sequence (Zagros, Iran); complex earthquake interaction in the basement and sediments
JF  - Geophysical journal international
N2  - Despite its high-seismogenic potential, the details of the seismogenic processes of Zagros Simply Folded Belt (SFB) remains debated. Three large earthquakes (M-w 7.3, 5.9 and 6.3) struck in the Lurestan arc of the Zagros SFB in 2017 and 2018. The sequence was recorded by seismic stations at regional, and teleseismic distances. Coseismic surface displacements, measured by Sentinel-1A/B satellites, provide additional data and a unique opportunity to study these earthquakes in detail. Here, we complement previous studies of the coseismic slip distribution of the 12 November 2017 M-w 7.3 Ezgeleh earthquake by a detailed analysis of its aftershocks, and we analysed the rupture process of the two interrelated earthquakes (25 August 2018 M-w 5.9 Tazehabad and the 25 November 2018 M-w 6.3 Sarpol-e Zahab earthquakes). We model the surface displacements obtained from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) measurements and seismic records. We conduct non-linear probabilistic optimizations based on joint InSAR and seismic data to obtain finite-fault rupture of these earthquakes. The Lurestan arc earthquakes were followed by a sustained aftershock activity, with 133 aftershocks exceeding M-n 4.0 until 30 December 2019. We rely on the permanent seismic networks of Iran and Iraq to relocate similar to 700 M-n 3 + events and estimate moment tensor solutions for 85 aftershocks down to M-w 4.0. The 2017 Ezgeleh earthquake has been considered to activate a low-angle (similar to 17 degrees) dextral-thrust fault at the depth of 10-20 km. However, most of its aftershocks have shallow centroid depths (8-12 km). The joint interpretation of finite source models, moment tensor and hypocentral location indicate that the 2018 Tazehabad and Sarpol-e Zahab earthquakes ruptured different strike-slip structures, providing evidence for the activation of the sinistral and dextral strike-slip faults, respectively. The deformation in the Lurestan arc is seismically accommodated by a complex fault system involving both thrust and strike-slip faults. Knowledge about the deformation characteristics is important for the understanding of crustal shortening, faulting and hazard and risk assessment in this region.
KW  - Joint Inversion
KW  - Waveform inversion
KW  - Earthquake source observations
KW  - Seismicity and tectonics
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac057
SN  - 0956-540X
SN  - 1365-246X
VL  - 230
IS  - 1
SP  - 114
EP  - 130
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ramos-Larios, Gerardo
A1  - Toala, Jesús Alberto
A1  - Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Janis B.
A1  - Guerrero, Martin A.
A1  - Gomez-Gonzalez, Víctor Mauricio Alfonso
T1  - Rings and arcs around evolved stars - III. Physical conditions of the ring-like structures in the planetary nebula IC 4406 revealed by MUSE
JF  - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
N2  - We present the analysis of Very Large Telescope Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) observations of the planetary nebula (PN) IC 4406. MUSE images in key emission lines are used to unveil the presence of at least five ring-like structures north and south of the main nebula of IC4406. MUSE spectra are extracted from the rings to unambiguously assess for the first time in a PN their physical conditions, electron density (n(e)), and temperature (T-e). The rings are found to have similar T-e as the rim of the main nebula, but smaller n(e). Ratios between different ionic species suggest that the rings of IC4406 have a lower ionization state than the main cavity, in contrast to what was suggested for the rings in NGC 6543, the Cat's Eye Nebula.
KW  - stars: evolution
KW  - stars: winds, outflows
KW  - planetary nebulae: general;
KW  - planetary nebulae: individual: IC4406
Y1  - 2022
SN  - 0035-8711
SN  - 1365-2966
VL  - 513
IS  - 2
SP  - 2862
EP  - 2868
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dworkin, Emily R.
A1  - Krahé, Barbara
A1  - Zinzow, Heidi
T1  - The global prevalence of sexual assault
BT  - a systematic review of international research since 2010
JF  - Psychology of violence
N2  - Objective:
We present a review of peer-reviewed English-language studies conducted outside the United States and Canada on the prevalence of sexual assault victimization in adolescence and adulthood published since 2010. 

Method:
A systematic literature search yielded 32 articles reporting on 45 studies from 29 countries. Studies that only provided prevalence estimates for sexual assault in intimate relationships or did not present separate rates for men and women were excluded. All studies were coded by two coders, and a risk of bias score was calculated for each study. Both past-year and prevalence rates covering longer periods were extracted. 

Results:
The largest number of studies came from Europe (n = 21), followed by Africa (n = 11), Asia, and Latin America (n = 6 each). One study came from the Middle East and no studies were found from Oceania. Across the 22 studies that reported past-year prevalence rates, figures ranged from 0% to 59.2% for women, 0.3% to 55.5% for men, and 1.5% to 18.2% for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) samples. The average risk of bias score was 5.7 out of 10. Studies varied widely in methodology. 

Conclusion:
Despite regional variation, most studies indicate that sexual assault is widespread. More sustained, systematic, and coordinated research efforts are needed to gauge the scale of sexual assault in different parts of the world and to develop prevention measures.
KW  - sexual assault
KW  - rape
KW  - international
KW  - review
KW  - sexual minority
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/vio0000374
SN  - 2152-0828
SN  - 2152-081X
VL  - 11
IS  - 5
SP  - 497
EP  - 508
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hartmann, Eddie
A1  - Lang, Felix
A1  - Arneth, Sabrina
T1  - Eskalation in Tweets
BT  - die Rolle sozialer Medien
JF  - Schriftenreihe der Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung
Y1  - 2023
SN  - 978-3-7425-1043-3
VL  - 11043
SP  - 108
EP  - 118
PB  - Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung
CY  - Bonn
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Melchert, Jan Olaf
A1  - Wischhöfer, Philipp
A1  - Knoblauch, Christian
A1  - Eckhardt, Tim
A1  - Liebner, Susanne
A1  - Rethemeyer, Janet
T1  - Sources of CO2 Produced in Freshly Thawed Pleistocene-Age Yedoma Permafrost
JF  - Frontiers in Earth Science
N2  - The release of greenhouse gases from the large organic carbon stock in permafrost deposits in the circumarctic regions may accelerate global warming upon thaw. The extent of this positive climate feedback is thought to be largely controlled by the microbial degradability of the organic matter preserved in these sediments. In addition, weathering and oxidation processes may release inorganic carbon preserved in permafrost sediments as CO2, which is generally not accounted for. We used C-13 and C-14 analysis and isotopic mass balances to differentiate and quantify organic and inorganic carbon released as CO2 in the field from an active retrogressive thaw slump of Pleistocene-age Yedoma and during a 1.5-years incubation experiment. The results reveal that the dominant source of the CO2 released from freshly thawed Yedoma exposed as thaw mound is Pleistocene-age organic matter (48-80%) and to a lesser extent modern organic substrate (3-34%). A significant portion of the CO2 originated from inorganic carbon in the Yedoma (17-26%). The mixing of young, active layer material with Yedoma at a site on the slump floor led to the preferential mineralization of this young organic carbon source. Admixtures of younger organic substrates in the Yedoma thaw mound were small and thus rapidly consumed as shown by lower contributions to the CO2 produced during few weeks of aerobic incubation at 4 degrees C corresponding to approximately one thaw season. Future CO2 fluxes from the freshly thawed Yedoma will contain higher proportions of ancient inorganic (22%) and organic carbon (61-78%) as suggested by the results at the end, after 1.5 years of incubation. The increasing contribution of inorganic carbon during the incubation is favored by the accumulation of organic acids from microbial organic matter degradation resulting in lower pH values and, in consequence, in inorganic carbon dissolution. Because part of the inorganic carbon pool is assumed to be of pedogenic origin, these emissions would ultimately not alter carbon budgets. The results of this study highlight the preferential degradation of younger organic substrates in freshly thawed Yedoma, if available, and a substantial release of CO2 from inorganic sources.
KW  - yedoma ice complex
KW  - permafost
KW  - carbon cycle
KW  - climat change
KW  - thermokarst
KW  - radiocarbon
KW  - greenhouse gas
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.737237
SN  - 2296-6463
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cruces-Zabala, José Alejandro
A1  - Ritter, Oliver
A1  - Weckmann, Ute
A1  - Tietze, Kristina
A1  - Meqbel, Naser M.
A1  - Audemard, Franck
A1  - Schmitz, Michael
T1  - Three-dimensional magnetotelluric imaging of the Merida Andes, Venezuela
JF  - Journal of South American earth sciences
N2  - The 100 km wide Merida Andes extend from the Colombian/Venezuelan border to the Coastal Cordillera. The mountain chain and its associated major strike-slip fault systems in western Venezuela formed due to oblique convergence of the Caribbean with the South American Plates and the north-eastwards expulsion of the North Andean Block. Due to the limited knowledge of lithospheric structures related to the formation of the Merida Andes research projects have been developed to illuminate this zone with deep geophysical data. In this study, we present three-dimensional inversion of broadband magnetotelluric data, collected along a 240 km long profile crossing the Merida Andes and the Maracaibo and Barinas-Apure foreland basins. The distribution of the stations limits resolution of the model to off-profile features. Combining 3D inversion of synthetic data sets derived from 3D modelling with 3D inversion of measured data, we could derive a 10 to 15 km wide corridor with good lateral resolution to develop hypotheses about the origin of deep-reaching anomalies of high electrical conductivity. The Merida Andes appear generally as electrically resistive structures, separated by anomalies associated with the most important fault systems of the region, the Bocono and Valera faults. Sensitivity tests suggest that the Valera Fault reaches to depths of up to 12 km and the Bocono Fault to more than 35 km depth. Both structures are connected to a sizeable conductor located east of the profile at 12-15 km depth. We propose that the high conductivity associated with this off-profile conductor may be related to the detachment of the Trujillo Block. We also identified a conductive zone that correlates spatially with the location of a gravity low, possibly representing a SE tilt of the Maracaibo Triangular Block under the mountain chain to great depths (>30 km). The relevance of these tectonic blocks in our models at crustal depths seems to be consistent with proposed theories that describe the geodynamics of western Venezuela as dominated by floating blocks or orogens. Our results stress the importance of the Trujillo Block for the current tectonic evolution of western Venezuela and confirm the relevance of the Bocono Fault carrying deformation to the lower crust and upper mantle. The Barinas-Apure and the Maracaibo sedimentary basins are imaged as electrically conductive with depths of 4 to 5 km and 5 to 10 km, respectively. The Barinas-Apure basin is imaged as a simple 1D structure, in contrast to the Maracaibo Basin, where a series of conductive and resistive bodies could be related to active deformation causing the juxtaposition of older geological formations and younger basin sediments.
KW  - Magnetotellurics
KW  - Merida Andes
KW  - Geodynamics
KW  - Trujillo Block
KW  - Chain structure
KW  - Strike-slip faults
KW  - Bocono
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2022.103711
SN  - 0895-9811
SN  - 1873-0647
VL  - 114
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dreymann, Nico
A1  - Wuensche, Julia
A1  - Sabrowski, Wiebke
A1  - Moeller, Anja
A1  - Czepluch, Denise
A1  - Vu Van, Dana
A1  - Füssel, Susanne
A1  - Menger, Marcus M.
T1  - Inhibition of Human Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator (uPA) Enzyme Activity and Receptor Binding by DNA Aptamers as Potential Therapeutics through Binding to the Different Forms of uPA
JF  - International journal of molecular sciences
N2  - Urokinase-type plasminogen activator is widely discussed as a marker for cancer prognosis and diagnosis and as a target for cancer therapies. Together with its receptor, uPA plays an important role in tumorigenesis, tumor progression and metastasis. In the present study, systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) was used to select single-stranded DNA aptamers targeting different forms of human uPA. Selected aptamers allowed the distinction between HMW-uPA and LMW-uPA, and therefore, presumably, have different binding regions. Here, uPAapt-02-FR showed highly affine binding with a K-D of 0.7 nM for HMW-uPA and 21 nM for LMW-uPA and was also able to bind to pro-uPA with a K-D of 14 nM. Furthermore, no cross-reactivity to mouse uPA or tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) was measured, demonstrating high specificity. Suppression of the catalytic activity of uPA and inhibition of uPAR-binding could be demonstrated through binding with different aptamers and several of their truncated variants. Since RNA aptamers are already known to inhibit uPA-uPAR binding and other pathological functions of the uPA system, these aptamers represent a novel, promising tool not only for detection of uPA but also for interfering with the pathological functions of the uPA system by additionally inhibiting uPA activity.
KW  - biomarker
KW  - cancer
KW  - cancer therapy
KW  - DNA aptamer
KW  - microscale thermophoresis (MST)
KW  - SELEX
KW  - surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPR)
KW  - uPA
KW  - uPAR
KW  - urokinase
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094890
SN  - 1661-6596
SN  - 1422-0067
VL  - 23
IS  - 9
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Juang, Linda P.
A1  - Schachner, Maja
A1  - Aral, Tuğçe
A1  - Schwarzenthal, Miriam
A1  - Kunyu, David Khisoni
A1  - Löhmannsröben, Hanna
T1  - Effects of a brief self-affirmation writing intervention among 7(th) graders in Germany
BT  - testing for variations by heritage group, discrimination experiences and classroom diversity climate
JF  - Social psychology of education : an international journal
N2  - We tested whether a brief self-affirmation writing intervention protected against identity-threats (i.e., stereotyping and discrimination) for adolescents' school-related adjustment. The longitudinal study followed 639 adolescents in Germany (65% of immigrant descent, 50% female, M-age = 12.35 years, SDage = .69) from 7(th) grade (pre-intervention at T1, five to six months post-intervention at T2) to the end of 8(th) grade (one-year follow-up at T3). We tested for direct and moderated (by heritage group, discrimination, classroom cultural diversity climate) effects using regression and latent change models. The self-affirmation intervention did not promote grades or math competence. However, in the short-term and for adolescents of immigrant descent, the intervention prevented a downward trajectory in mastery reactions to academic challenges for those experiencing greater discrimination. Further, it protected against a decline in behavioral school engagement for those in positive classroom cultural diversity climates. In the long-term and for all adolescents, the intervention lessened an upward trajectory in disruptive behavior. Overall, the self-affirmation intervention benefited some aspects of school-related adjustment for adolescents of immigrant and non-immigrant descent. The intervention context is important, with classroom cultural diversity climate acting as a psychological affordance enhancing affirmation effects. Our study supports the ongoing call for theorizing and empirically testing student and context heterogeneity to better understand for whom and under which conditions this intervention may work.
KW  - Brief self-affirmation writing intervention
KW  - Adolescents of immigrant
KW  - descent
KW  - School-related adjustment
KW  - Classroom cultural diversity
KW  - climate
KW  - Germany
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-023-09789-9
SN  - 1381-2890
SN  - 1573-1928
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Valenzuela-Malebran, Carla
A1  - Cesca, Simone
A1  - Lopez-Comino, José Ángel
A1  - Zeckra, Martin
A1  - Krüger, F.
A1  - Dahm, Torsten
T1  - Source mechanisms and rupture processes of the Jujuy seismic nest, Chile-Argentina border
JF  - Journal of South American earth sciences
N2  - The Altiplano-Puna plateau, in Central Andes, is the second-largest continental plateau on Earth, extending between 22 degrees and 27 degrees S at an average altitude of 4400 m. The Puna plateau has been formed in consequence of the subduction of the oceanic Nazca Plate beneath the continental South American plate, which has an average crustal thickness of 50 km at this location. A large seismicity cluster, the Jujuy cluster, is observed at depth of 150-250 km beneath the central region of the Puna plateau. The cluster is seismically very active, with hundreds of earthquakes reported and a peak magnitude MW 6.6 on 25th August 2006. The cluster is situated in one of three band of intermediate-depth focus seismicity, which extend parallel to the trench roughly North to South. It has been hypothesized that the Jujuy cluster could be a seismic nest, a compact seismogenic region characterized by a high stationary activity relative to its surroundings. In this study, we collected more than 40 years of data from different catalogs and proof that the cluster meets the three conditions of a seismic nest. Compared to other known intermediate depth nests at Hindu Kush (Afganisthan) or Bucaramanga (Colombia), the Jujuy nest presents an outstanding seismicity rate, with more than 100 M4+ earthquakes per year. We additionally performed a detailed analysis of the rupture process of some of the largest earthquakes in the nest, by means of moment tensor inversion and directivity analysis. We focused on the time period 2017-2018, where the seismic monitoring was the most extended. Our results show that earthquakes in the nest take place within the eastward subducting oceanic plate, but rupture along sub-horizontal planes dipping westward. We suggest that seismicity at Jujuy nest is controlled by dehydration processes, which are also responsible for the generation of fluids ascending to the crust beneath the Puna volcanic region. We use the rupture plane and nest geometry to provide a constraint to maximal expected magnitude, which we estimate as MW -6.7.
KW  - Seismic nest
KW  - Intermediate-deep earthquakes
KW  - Cluster analysis moment
KW  - tensor inversion
KW  - directivity analysis
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2022.103887
SN  - 0895-9811
SN  - 1873-0647
VL  - 117
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Carvalho, Thayslan
A1  - Brosinsky, Arlena
A1  - Foerster, Saskia
A1  - Teixeira, Adunias
A1  - Medeiros, Pedro Henrique Augusto
T1  - Reservoir sediment characterisation by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in a semiarid region to support sediment reuse for soil fertilization
JF  - Journal of soils and sediments : protection, risk assessment and remediation
N2  - Purpose:
Soil erosion by water yields sediment to surface reservoirs, reducing their storage capacities, changing their geometry, and degrading water quality. Sediment reuse, i.e., fertilization of agricultural soils with the nutrient-enriched sediment from reservoirs, has been proposed as a recovery strategy. However, the sediment needs to meet certain criteria. In this study, we characterize sediments from the densely dammed semiarid Northeast Brazil by VNIR-SWIR spectroscopy and assess the effect of spectral resolution and spatial scale on the accuracy of N, P, K, C, electrical conductivity, and clay prediction models. 

Methods
Sediment was collected in 10 empty reservoirs, and physical and chemical laboratory analyses as well as spectral measurements were performed. The spectra, initially measured at 1 nm spectral resolution, were resampled to 5 and 10 nm, and samples were analysed for both high and low spectral resolution at three spatial scales, namely (1) reservoir, (2) catchment, and (3) regional scale. 

Results
Partial least square regressions performed from good to very good in the prediction of clay and electrical conductivity from reservoir (<40 km(2)) to regional (82,500 km(2)) scales. Models for C and N performed satisfactorily at the reservoir scale, but degraded to unsatisfactory at the other scales. Models for P and K were more unstable and performed from unsatisfactorily to satisfactorily at all scales. Coarsening spectral resolution by up to 10 nm only slightly degrades the models' performance, indicating the potential of characterizing sediment from spectral data captured at lower resolutions, such as by hyperspectral satellite sensors. 

Conclusion:
By reducing the costly and time-consuming laboratory analyses, the method helps to promote the sediment reuse as a practice of soil and water conservation.
KW  - Sediment characterization
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - Sediment reuse
KW  - Surface
KW  - reservoirs
KW  - Semiarid
KW  - Brazil
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-022-03281-1
SN  - 1439-0108
SN  - 1614-7480
VL  - 22
SP  - 2557
EP  - 2577
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Franzke, Jochen
T1  - Deutschlands Krisenmanagement in der CORONA-Pandemie.
BT  - Herausforderungen eines föderalen politisch-administrativen Systems
JF  - Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej
JF  - Yearbook of European integration
KW  - CORONA-Krise
KW  - Deutschland
KW  - Föderalismus
KW  - Krisenmanagement
KW  - Öffentliche Verwaltung
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.14746/rie.2020.14.21
SN  - 1899-6256
VL  - 14
SP  - 325
EP  - 342
PB  - Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
CY  - Poznań
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Puri, Manish
A1  - Varde, Aparna S.
A1  - Melo, Gerard de
T1  - Commonsense based text mining on urban policy
JF  - Language resources and evaluation
N2  - Local laws on urban policy, i.e., ordinances directly affect our daily life in various ways (health, business etc.), yet in practice, for many citizens they remain impervious and complex. This article focuses on an approach to make urban policy more accessible and comprehensible to the general public and to government officials, while also addressing pertinent social media postings. Due to the intricacies of the natural language, ranging from complex legalese in ordinances to informal lingo in tweets, it is practical to harness human judgment here. To this end, we mine ordinances and tweets via reasoning based on commonsense knowledge so as to better account for pragmatics and semantics in the text. Ours is pioneering work in ordinance mining, and thus there is no prior labeled training data available for learning. This gap is filled by commonsense knowledge, a prudent choice in situations involving a lack of adequate training data. The ordinance mining can be beneficial to the public in fathoming policies and to officials in assessing policy effectiveness based on public reactions. This work contributes to smart governance, leveraging transparency in governing processes via public involvement. We focus significantly on ordinances contributing to smart cities, hence an important goal is to assess how well an urban region heads towards a smart city as per its policies mapping with smart city characteristics, and the corresponding public satisfaction.
KW  - Commonsense reasoning
KW  - Opinion mining
KW  - Ordinances
KW  - Smart cities
KW  - Social
KW  - media
KW  - Text mining
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-022-09584-6
SN  - 1574-020X
SN  - 1574-0218
VL  - 57
SP  - 733
EP  - 763
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Franzke, Jochen
ED  - Andersen, Uwe
ED  - Bogumil, Jörg
ED  - Marschall, Stefan
ED  - Woyke, Wichard
T1  - Land Brandenburg
T2  - Handwörterbuch des politischen Systems der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
N2  - Das über 860 Jahre alte deutsche Land BB liegt im Nordosten Ds zwischen Elbe und Oder. Es umschließt die Bundeshauptstadt BE, die als Einheitsgemeinde zugleich ein eigenes Land bildet. Potsdam als Landeshauptstadt ist mit 176.000 E. die größte Stadt in BB. Mit 29.482 qkm (8,3 % von D) zählt die Mark zu den flächenreichsten Bundesländern.
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-658-23665-6
SN  - 978-3-658-23666-3
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-23666-3_72
SP  - 518
EP  - 525
PB  - Springer VS
CY  - Wiesbaden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Borghi, Anna M.
A1  - Shaki, Samuel
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - Concrete constraints on abstract concepts-editorial
JF  - Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action
N2  - This special issue, "Concrete constraints of abstract concepts", addresses the role of concrete determinants, both external and internal to the human body, in acquisition, processing and use of abstract concepts while at the same time presenting to the readers an overview of methods used to assess their representation.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-022-01685-9
SN  - 0340-0727
SN  - 1430-2772
VL  - 86
SP  - 2366
EP  - 2369
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bryant, Seth
A1  - Davies, Evan
A1  - Sol, David
A1  - Davis, Sandy
T1  - The progression of flood risk in southern Alberta since the 2013 flood
JF  - Journal of flood risk management
N2  - After a century of semi-restricted floodplain development, Southern Alberta, Canada, was struck by the devastating 2013 Flood. Aging infrastructure and limited property-level floodproofing likely contributed to the $4-6 billion (CAD) losses. Following this catastrophe, Alberta has seen a revival in flood management, largely focused on structural protections. However, concurrent with the recent structural work was a 100,000+ increase in Calgary's population in the 5 years following the flood, leading to further densification of high-hazard areas. This study implements the novel Stochastic Object-based Flood damage Dynamic Assessment (SOFDA) model framework to quantify the progression of the direct-damage flood risk in a mature urban neighborhood after the 2013 Flood. Five years of remote-sensing data, property assessment records, and inundation simulations following the flood are used to construct the model. Results show that in these 5 years, vulnerability trends (like densification) have increased flood risk by 4%; however, recent structural mitigation projects have reduced overall flood risk by 47% for this case study. These results demonstrate that the flood management revival in Southern Alberta has largely been successful at reducing flood risk; however, the gains are under threat from continued development and densification absent additional floodproofing regulations.
KW  - Calgary
KW  - depth-damage functions
KW  - expected annual damages
KW  - flood risk
KW  - model
KW  - property level protection measures
KW  - risk analysis
KW  - risk dynamics
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12811
SN  - 1753-318X
VL  - 15
IS  - 3
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Delpero, Manuel
A1  - Arends, Danny
A1  - Sprechert, Maximilian
A1  - Krause, Florian
A1  - Kluth, Oliver
A1  - Schürmann, Annette
A1  - Brockmann, Gudrun A.
A1  - Hesse, Deike
T1  - Identification of four novel QTL linked to the metabolic syndrome in the Berlin Fat Mouse
JF  - International journal of obesity / North American Association for the Study of Obesity
N2  - Background The Berlin Fat Mouse Inbred line (BFMI) is a model for obesity and the metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to identify genetic variants associated with impaired glucose metabolism using the obese lines BFMI861-S1 and BFMI861-S2, which are genetically closely related, but differ in several traits. BFMI861-S1 is insulin resistant and stores ectopic fat in the liver, whereas BFMI861-S2 is insulin sensitive. Methods In generation 10, 397 males of an advanced intercross line (AIL) BFMI861-S1 x BFMI861-S2 were challenged with a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet and phenotyped over 25 weeks. QTL-analysis was performed after selective genotyping of 200 mice using the GigaMUGA Genotyping Array. Additional 197 males were genotyped for 7 top SNPs in QTL regions. For the prioritization of positional candidate genes whole genome sequencing and gene expression data of the parental lines were used. Results Overlapping QTL for gonadal adipose tissue weight and blood glucose concentration were detected on chromosome (Chr) 3 (95.8-100.1 Mb), and for gonadal adipose tissue weight, liver weight, and blood glucose concentration on Chr 17 (9.5-26.1 Mb). Causal modeling suggested for Chr 3-QTL direct effects on adipose tissue weight, but indirect effects on blood glucose concentration. Direct effects on adipose tissue weight, liver weight, and blood glucose concentration were suggested for Chr 17-QTL. Prioritized positional candidate genes for the identified QTL were Notch2 and Fmo5 (Chr 3) and Plg and Acat2 (Chr 17). Two additional QTL were detected for gonadal adipose tissue weight on Chr 15 (67.9-74.6 Mb) and for body weight on Chr 16 (3.9-21.4 Mb). Conclusions QTL mapping together with a detailed prioritization approach allowed us to identify candidate genes associated with traits of the metabolic syndrome. In addition, we provided evidence for direct and indirect genetic effects on blood glucose concentration in the insulin-resistant mouse line BFMI861-S1.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-021-00991-3
SN  - 0307-0565
SN  - 1476-5497
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
SP  - 307
EP  - 315
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - Avenel, NJ
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zhang, Kai
A1  - Hu, Jiege
A1  - Yang, Shuai
A1  - Xu, Wei
A1  - Wang, Zhichao
A1  - Zhuang, Peiwen
A1  - Grossart, Hans-Peter
A1  - Luo, Zhuhua
T1  - Biodegradation of polyester polyurethane by the marine fungus Cladosporium halotolerans 6UPA1
JF  - Journal of hazardous materials
N2  - Lack of degradability and the accumulation of polymeric wastes increase the risk for the health of the environment. Recently, recycling of polymeric waste materials becomes increasingly important as raw materials for polymer synthesis are in short supply due to the rise in price and supply chain disruptions. As an important polymer, polyurethane (PU) is widely used in modern life, therefore, PU biodegradation is desirable to avoid its accumulation in the environment. In this study, we isolated a fungal strain Cladosporium halotolerans from the deep sea which can grow in mineral medium with a polyester PU (Impranil DLN) as a sole carbon source. Further, we demonstrate that it can degrade up to 80% of Impranil PU after 3 days of incubation at 28 celcius by breaking the carbonyl groups (1732 cm(-1)) and C-N-H bonds (1532 cm(-1) and 1247 cm(-1)) as confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed polyols and alkanes as PU degradation intermediates, indicating the hydrolysis of ester and urethane bonds. Esterase and urease activities were detected in 7 days-old cultures with PU as a carbon source. Transcriptome analysis showed a number of extracellular protein genes coding for enzymes such as cutinase, lipase, peroxidase and hydrophobic surface binding proteins A (HsbA) were expressed when cultivated on Impranil PU. The yeast two-hybrid assay revealed that the hydrophobic surface binding protein ChHsbA1 directly interacts with inducible esterases, ChLip1 (lipase) and ChCut1 (cutinase). Further, the KEGG pathway for "fatty acid degradation " was significantly enriched in Impranil PU inducible genes, indicating that the fungus may use the degradation intermediates to generate energy via this pathway. Taken together, our data indicates secretion of both esterase and hydrophobic surface binding proteins by C. halotolerans plays an important role in Impranil PU absorption and subsequent degradation. Our study provides a mechanistic insight into Impranil PU biodegradation by deep sea fungi and provides the basis for future development of biotechnological PU recycling.
KW  - Impranil PU degradation
KW  - Lipase
KW  - Cutinase
KW  - HsbA
KW  - Fatty acid degradation
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129406
SN  - 0304-3894
SN  - 1873-3336
VL  - 437
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bonnet, Philippe
A1  - Dong, Xin Luna
A1  - Naumann, Felix
A1  - Tözün, Pınar
T1  - VLDB 2021
BT  - Designing a hybrid conference
JF  - SIGMOD record
N2  - The 47th International Conference on Very Large Databases (VLDB'21) was held on August 16-20, 2021 as a hybrid conference. It attracted 180 in-person attendees in Copenhagen and 840 remote attendees. In this paper, we describe our key decisions as general chairs and program committee chairs and share the lessons we learned.
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 0163-5808
SN  - 1943-5835
VL  - 50
IS  - 4
SP  - 50
EP  - 53
PB  - Association for Computing Machinery
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Marot, Medhi
A1  - Chevalère, Johann
A1  - Spatola, Nicolas
T1  - Depressed mood, a better predictor of social-distancing compliance and candidate for intervention compared to working memory capacity
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2024017118
SN  - 0027-8424
SN  - 1091-6490
VL  - 118
IS  - 8
PB  - National Academy of Sciences
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Nchiozem-Ngnitedem, Vaderament-Alexe
A1  - Sperlich, Eric
A1  - Matieta, Valaire Yemene
A1  - Kuete, Jenifer Reine Ngnouzouba
A1  - Kuete, Victor
A1  - Omer, Ejlal A. A.
A1  - Efferth, Thomas
A1  - Schmidt, Bernd
T1  - Synthesis and bioactivity of isoflavones from ficus carica and some non-natural analogues
JF  - Journal of natural products : Lloydia
N2  - FicucariconeD (1) and its 4 '-demethyl congener 2 are isoflavones isolated from fruits of Ficus carica that share a 5,7-dimethoxy-6-prenyl-substituted A-ring. Both naturalproducts were, for the first time, obtained by chemical synthesisin six steps, starting from 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone. Key stepsare a microwave-promoted tandem sequence of Claisen- and Cope-rearrangementsto install the 6-prenyl substituent and a Suzuki-Miyaura crosscoupling for installing the B-ring. By using various boronic acids,non-natural analogues become conveniently available. All compoundswere tested for cytotoxicity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistanthuman leukemia cell lines, but were found to be inactive. The compoundswere also tested for antimicrobial activities against a panel of eightGram-negative and two Gram-positive bacterial strains. Addition ofthe efflux pump inhibitor phenylalanine-arginine-beta-naphthylamide(PA beta N) significantly improved the antibiotic activity in mostcases, with MIC values as low as 2.5 mu M and activity improvementfactors as high as 128-fold.
KW  - Antimicrobial activity
KW  - Bacteria
KW  - Ethers
KW  - Flavonoids
KW  - Mixtures
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00219
SN  - 0163-3864
SN  - 1520-6025
VL  - 86
IS  - 6
SP  - 1520
EP  - 1528
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington, DC
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Franzke, Jochen
A1  - Kuhlmann, Sabine
T1  - German local authorities coping with the Covid-19 pandemic
BT  - capacities and autonomy under stress
T2  - L’ administration locale face à la crise sanitaire
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 9782281134964
SN  - 9782281134957
SP  - 257
EP  - 272
PB  - Éditions Le Moniteur
CY  - Antony
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Geiger, Christina
A1  - Reitenbach, Julija
A1  - Henschel, Cristiane
A1  - Kreuzer, Lucas
A1  - Widmann, Tobias
A1  - Wang, Peixi
A1  - Mangiapia, Gaetano
A1  - Moulin, Jean-François
A1  - Papadakis, Christine M.
A1  - Laschewsky, André
A1  - Müller-Buschbaum, Peter
T1  - Ternary nanoswitches realized with multiresponsive PMMA-b-PNIPMAM films in mixed water/acetone vapor atmospheres
JF  - Advanced engineering materials
N2  - To systematically add functionality to nanoscale polymer switches, an understanding of their responsive behavior is crucial. Herein, solvent vapor stimuli are applied to thin films of a diblock copolymer consisting of a short poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) block and a long poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) (PNIPMAM) block for realizing ternary nanoswitches. Three significantly distinct film states are successfully implemented by the combination of amphiphilicity and co-nonsolvency effect. The exposure of the thin films to nitrogen, pure water vapor, and mixed water/acetone (90 vol%/10 vol%) vapor switches the films from a dried to a hydrated (solvated and swollen) and a water/acetone-exchanged (solvated and contracted) equilibrium state. These three states have distinctly different film thicknesses and solvent contents, which act as switch positions "off," "on," and "standby." For understanding the switching process, time-of-flight neutron reflectometry (ToF-NR) and spectral reflectance (SR) studies of the swelling and dehydration process are complemented by information on the local solvation of functional groups probed with Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. An accelerated responsive behavior beyond a minimum hydration/solvation level is attributed to the fast build-up and depletion of the hydration shell of PNIPMAM, caused by its hydrophobic moieties promoting a cooperative hydration character.
KW  - co-nonsolvency
KW  - diblock copolymers
KW  - nanoswitches
KW  - neutron reflectometry
KW  - thin films
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202100191
SN  - 1438-1656
SN  - 1527-2648
VL  - 23
IS  - 11
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pollatos, Olga
A1  - Mönkemöller, Karla
A1  - Groppe, Karoline
A1  - Elsner, Birgit
T1  - Interoceptive accuracy is associated with benefits in decision making in children
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - Introduction: 
Decision making results not only from logical analyses, but seems to be further guided by the ability to perceive somatic information (interoceptive accuracy). Relations between interoceptive accuracy and decision making have been exclusively studied in adults and with regard to complex, uncertain situations (as measured by the Iowa Gambling Task, IGT). 

Methods:
In the present study, 1454 children (6-11 years) were examined at two time points (approximately 1 year apart) using an IGT as well as a delay-of-gratification task for sweets-items and toy-items. Interoceptive accuracy was measured using a child-adapted version of the Heartbeat Perception Task. 

Results:
The present results revealed that children with higher, as compared to lower, interoceptive accuracy showed more advantageous choices in the IGT and delayed more sweets-items, but not toy-items, in a delay-of-gratification task at time point 2 but not at time point 1. However, no longitudinal relation between interoceptive accuracy and decision making 1 year later could be shown. 

Discussion:
Results indicate that interoceptive accuracy relates to decision-making abilities in situations of varying complexity already in middle childhood, and that this link might consolidate across the examined 1-year period. Furthermore, the association of interoceptive accuracy and the delay of sweets-items might have implications for the regulation of body weight at a later age.
KW  - cardiac perception
KW  - interoception
KW  - emotion
KW  - decision making
KW  - Iowa gambling task
KW  - somatic-marker hypothesis
KW  - childhood development
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1070037
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 13
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Franzke, Jochen
ED  - Nunes Silva, Carlos
T1  - German local authorities in the COVID-19 pandemic
BT  - challenges, impacts and adaptations
T2  - Local government and the COVID-19 pandemic
N2  - This study evaluates the challenges, institutional impacts and responses of German local authorities to the COVID-19 pandemic from a political science point of view. The main research question is how they have contributed to combat the COVID-19 pandemic and to what extent the strengths and weaknesses of the German model of municipal autonomy have influenced their policy. It analyses the adaptation strategies of German local authorities and assesses the effectiveness of their actions up to now. Their implementation is then evaluated in five selected issues, e.g. adjustment organization and staff, challenges for local finances, local politics and citizen’s participation. This analysis is reflecting the scientific debate in Germany since the beginning of 2020, based on the available analyses of political science, law, economics, sociology and geography until end of March 2021.
KW  - Germany
KW  - municipalities
KW  - COVID-19 pandemic
KW  - resilience
KW  - coordination
KW  - administration
KW  - local and urban governance
KW  - local politics
KW  - local finance
KW  - local community
Y1  - 2022
SN  - 978-3-030-91111-9
SN  - 978-3-030-91112-6
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91112-6_6
SP  - 131
EP  - 154
PB  - Springer
CY  - Cham
ER  - 
TY  - RPRT
A1  - Debre, Maria Josepha
A1  - Sommerer, Thomas
T1  - Weathering the storm?
BT  - the third wave of autocratization and international organization membership
T2  - IGCC series on authoritarian regimes and international organizations
N2  - Democratization scholars are currently debating if we are indeed witnessing a third wave of autocratization. While this has led to an extensive debate about the future of the liberal international order, we still know relatively little about the consequences of autocratization for international organizations (IOs). In this article, we explore to what extent autocratization has led to changes in the composition of IO membership. We propose three different ways of conceptualizing autocratization of IO membership. We argue that we should move away from a dichotomous understanding of regime type and regime change, but rather focus on composition of subregime types to understand current developments. We build on updated membership data for 73 IOs through 2020 to map membership configurations based on the V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index. Contrary to current debates on the crisis of the liberal order, we find that many IOs are not (yet) affected by broad autocratization of their membership that would endanger democratic majorities or overall democratic densities. However, we also observe the disappearance of formerly homogenous democratic clubs due to democratic backsliding in a number of European and Latin American IO member states, as well as a return of autocratic clubs in Southeast Asia and Southern Africa. These findings have important implications for the broader research agenda on international democracy promotion and human right protection as well as the study of legitimacy and the effectiveness of international organizations.
Y1  - 2023
UR  - https://ucigcc.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Debre-Sommerer-Working-Paper-11.21.23.pdf
PB  - UC Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation
CY  - La Jolla, CA
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Haile, Sarah R.
A1  - Fühner, Thea Heidi
A1  - Granacher, Urs
A1  - Stocker, Julien
A1  - Radtke, Thomas
A1  - Kriemler, Susi
T1  - Reference values and validation of the 1-minute sit-to-stand test in healthy 5-16-year-old youth
BT  - a cross-sectional study
JF  - BMJ open
N2  - Objectives:
It is essential to have simple, reliable and valid tests to measure children's functional capacity in schools or medical practice. The 1-minute sit-to-stand (STS) test is a quick fitness test requiring little equipment or space that is increasingly used in both healthy populations and those with chronic disease. We aimed to provide age-specific and sex-specific reference values of STS test in healthy children and adolescents and to evaluate its short-term reliability and construct validity. 

Design setting and participants:
Cross-sectional convenience sample from six public schools and one science fair in central Europe. Overall, 587 healthy participants aged 5-16 years were recruited and divided into age groups of 3 years each.

Outcomes:
1-minute STS. To evaluate short-term reliability, some children performed the STS test twice. To evaluate construct validity, some children also performed a standing long jump (SLJ) and a maximal incremental exercise test. 

Results:
Data from 547 youth aged 5-16 years were finally included in the analyses. The median number of repetitions in 1 min in males (females) ranged from 55 [95% CI: 38 to 72] (53 [95% CI: 35 to 76]) in 14-16-year olds to 59 [95% CI: 41 to 77] (60 [95% CI: 38 to 77]) in 8-10-year olds. Children who repeated STS showed a learning effect of on average 4.8 repetitions more than the first test (95% limits of agreement: -6.7 to 16.4). Moderate correlations were observed between the STS and the SLJ (r=0.48) tests and the maximal exercise test (r=0.43). 

Conclusions:
The reported STS reference values can be used to interpret STS test performance in children and adolescents. The STS appears to have good test- retest reliability, but a learning effect of about 10%. The association of STS with other measures of physical fitness should be further explored in a larger study and technical standards for its conduct are needed.
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049143
SN  - 2044-6055
VL  - 11
IS  - 5
PB  - BMJ Publishing Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kumar, Satish
A1  - Guntu, Ravi Kumar
A1  - Agarwal, Ankit
A1  - Villuri, Vasant Govind Kumar
A1  - Pasupuleti, Srinivas
A1  - Kaushal, Deo Raj
A1  - Gosian, Ashwin Kumar
A1  - Bronstert, Axel
T1  - Multi-objective optimization for stormwater management by green-roofs and infiltration trenches to reduce urban flooding in central Delhi
JF  - Journal of hydrology
N2  - Urban surface runoff management via best management practices (BMP) and low impact development (LID) has earned significant recognition owing to positive environmental and ecological impacts. However, due to the complexity of the parameters involved, the estimation of LID efficiency in attenuating the urban surface runoff at the watershed scale is challenging. A planning analysis of employing Green Roofs and Infiltration Trenches as BMPs/LIDs practices for urban surface runoff control is presented in this study. A multi-objective optimization decision-making framework is established by coupling SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) with NSGA-II models to check the performance of BMPs/LIDs concerning the cost-benefit analysis of LID at the watershed scale. Two urbanized areas belonging to Central Delhi in India were used as case studies. The results showed that the SWMM model is useful in simulating optimization problems for managing urban surface runoff. The optimum scenarios efficiently minimized the urban runoff volume while maintaining the BMPs/LIDs implementation costs and size. With BMPs/LIDs implementation, the reduction in runoff volume increases as expenses increase initially; however, there is no noticeable reduction in flood volume after a certain threshold. Contrasted with the haphazard arrangement of BMPs/LIDs, the proposed approach demonstrates 22%-24% runoff reductions for the same expenditures in watershed 1 and 23%-26% in watershed 2. The result of the study provides insights into planning and management of the urban surface runoff control with LID practices. The proposed framework assists the hydrologists in optimum selection and placements of BMPs/LIDs practices to acquire the most extreme ecological advantages with the least expenses.
KW  - Storm water management model
KW  - Genetic algorithm
KW  - NSGA-II
KW  - Best management practice
KW  - Low impact development
KW  - Cost-benefit
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127455
SN  - 0022-1694
SN  - 1879-2707
VL  - 606
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - van Marle, Allard Jan
A1  - Bohdan, Artem
A1  - Morris, Paul J.
A1  - Pohl, Martin
A1  - Marcowith, Alexandre
T1  - Diffusive shock acceleration at oblique high mach number shocks
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics
N2  - The current paradigm of cosmic-ray (CR) origin states that the greater part of galactic CRs is produced by supernova remnants. The interaction of supernova ejecta with the interstellar medium after a supernova's explosions results in shocks responsible for CR acceleration via diffusive shock acceleration (DSA). We use particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations and a combined PIC-magnetohydrodynamic (PIC-MHD) technique to investigate whether DSA can occur in oblique high Mach number shocks. Using the PIC method, we follow the formation of the shock and determine the fraction of the particles that gets involved in DSA. With this result, we use PIC-MHD simulations to model the large-scale structure of the plasma and the magnetic field surrounding the shock and find out whether or not the reflected particles can generate upstream turbulence and trigger DSA. We find that the feasibility of this process in oblique shocks depends strongly on the Alfvenic Mach number, and the DSA process is more likely to be triggered at high Mach number shocks.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac5962
SN  - 1538-4357
VL  - 929
IS  - 1
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Shprits, Yuri Y.
A1  - Allison, Hayley J.
A1  - Wang, Dedong
A1  - Drozdov, Alexander
A1  - Szabo-Roberts, Matyas
A1  - Zhelavskaya, Irina
A1  - Vasile, Ruggero
T1  - A new population of ultra-relativistic electrons in the outer radiation zone
JF  - Journal of geophysical research : Space physics
N2  - Van Allen Probes measurements revealed the presence of the most unusual structures in the ultra-relativistic radiation belts. Detailed modeling, analysis of pitch angle distributions, analysis of the difference between relativistic and ultra-realistic electron evolution, along with theoretical studies of the scattering and wave growth, all indicate that electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves can produce a very efficient loss of the ultra-relativistic electrons in the heart of the radiation belts. Moreover, a detailed analysis of the profiles of phase space densities provides direct evidence for localized loss by EMIC waves. The evolution of multi-MeV fluxes shows dramatic and very sudden enhancements of electrons for selected storms. Analysis of phase space density profiles reveals that growing peaks at different values of the first invariant are formed at approximately the same radial distance from the Earth and show the sequential formation of the peaks from lower to higher energies, indicating that local energy diffusion is the dominant source of the acceleration from MeV to multi-MeV energies. Further simultaneous analysis of the background density and ultra-relativistic electron fluxes shows that the acceleration to multi-MeV energies only occurs when plasma density is significantly depleted outside of the plasmasphere, which is consistent with the modeling of acceleration due to chorus waves.
KW  - radiation belts
KW  - ultra-relativistic electrons
KW  - EMIC waves
KW  - modeling;
KW  - plasma density
KW  - chorus waves
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA030214
SN  - 2169-9380
SN  - 2169-9402
VL  - 127
IS  - 5
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Raffeiner, Margot
A1  - Üstün, Suayib
A1  - Guerra, Tiziana
A1  - Spinti, Daniela
A1  - Fitzner, Maria
A1  - Sonnewald, Sophia
A1  - Baldermann, Susanne
A1  - Börnke, Frederik
T1  - The Xanthomonas type-III effector XopS stabilizes CaWRKY40a to regulate defense responses and stomatal immunity in pepper (Capsicum annuum)
JF  - The plant cell
N2  - As a critical part of plant immunity, cells that are attacked by pathogens undergo rapid transcriptional reprogramming to minimize virulence. Many bacterial phytopathogens use type III effector (T3E) proteins to interfere with plant defense responses, including this transcriptional reprogramming. Here, we show that Xanthomonas outer protein S (XopS), a T3E of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv), interacts with and inhibits proteasomal degradation of WRKY40, a transcriptional regulator of defense gene expression. Virus-induced gene silencing of WRKY40 in pepper (Capsicum annuum) enhanced plant tolerance to Xcv infection, indicating that WRKY40 represses immunity. Stabilization of WRKY40 by XopS reduces the expression of its targets, which include salicylic acid-responsive genes and the jasmonic acid signaling repressor JAZ8. Xcv bacteria lacking XopS display significantly reduced virulence when surface inoculated onto susceptible pepper leaves. XopS delivery by Xcv, as well as ectopic expression of XopS in Arabidopsis thaliana or Nicotiana benthamiana, prevented stomatal closure in response to bacteria and biotic elicitors. Silencing WRKY40 in pepper or N. benthamiana abolished XopS's ability to prevent stomatal closure. This suggests that XopS interferes with both preinvasion and apoplastic defense by manipulating WRKY40 stability and downstream gene expression, eventually altering phytohormone crosstalk to promote pathogen proliferation.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koac032
SN  - 1040-4651
SN  - 1532-298X
VL  - 34
IS  - 5
SP  - 1684
EP  - 1708
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Cary
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mitsch, Wolfgang
T1  - Geschwindigkeitsüberschreitung bei privater Rettungsfahrt
BT  - Bemerkungen anlässlich der Entscheidung des OLG Düsseldorf vom 8.3.2021 - 2 RBs 13/21 (NStZ 2021, 616)
JF  - Deutsches Autorecht
N2  - Die Übertretung von bußgeldbewehrten Verkehrsregeln bei Fahrten, die der Abwehr einer Gefahr – z. B. der Verbringung einer schwer verletzten oder erkrankten Person in eine Klinik – dienen, ist ein alltäglicher Vorgang. Polizei, Feuerwehr, Notarzt und andere institutionelle Retter sind von der Einhaltung der Regeln gemäß § STVO § 35 StVO dispensiert und begehen keine Ordnungswidrigkeiten. Privatpersonen haben diese Sonderrechte nicht und entgehen der Ahndbarkeit nur unter den Voraussetzungen eines Rechtfertigungs- oder Vorwerfbarkeitsausschlussgrundes. Vor allem der rechtfertigende Notstand (§ OWIG § 16 OWiG) hat große praktische Bedeutung. Diese Norm steht im Mittelpunkt der Entscheidung des OLG Düsseldorf. Der zugrundeliegende Fall wirft aber noch weitere interessante Rechtsfragen auf.
Y1  - 2022
UR  - https://beck-online.beck.de/Bcid/Y-300-Z-DAR-B-2022-S-115-N-1
SN  - 0012-1231
VL  - 92
IS  - 2
SP  - 115
EP  - 117
PB  - Juristische Zentrale des ADAC e.V.
CY  - München
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Newman, Abraham
A1  - Debre, Maria Josepha
A1  - Naylor, Tristen
A1  - Regilme, Salvador Santino Fulo Regilme Jr.
A1  - Viola, Lora Anne
ED  - Labrosse, Diane
ED  - Szarejko, Andrew
ED  - Fujii, George
T1  - Lora Anne Viola. The closure of the international system: how institutions create political equalities and hierarchies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. ISBN: 9781108482257 (hardback, $99.99).
JF  - H-Diplo roundtable
Y1  - 2022
UR  - https://hdiplo.org/to/RT23-49
VL  - XXIII
IS  - 49
PB  - H-Net: Humanities & Social Sciences Online
CY  - East Lansing, MI
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Landis, D. A.
A1  - Saikin, Anthony
A1  - Zhelavskaya, Irina
A1  - Drozdov, Alexander
A1  - Aseev, Nikita
A1  - Shprits, Yuri Y.
A1  - Pfitzer, Maximilian F.
A1  - Smirnov, Artem G.
T1  - NARX Neural Network Derivations of the Outer Boundary Radiation Belt Electron Flux
JF  - Space Weather: the international journal of research and applications
N2  - We present two new empirical models of radiation belt electron flux at geostationary orbit. GOES-15 measurements of 0.8 MeV electrons were used to train a Nonlinear Autoregressive with Exogenous input (NARX) neural network for both modeling GOES-15 flux values and an upper boundary condition scaling factor (BF). The GOES-15 flux model utilizes an input and feedback delay of 2 and 2 time steps (i.e., 5 min time steps) with the most efficient number of hidden layers set to 10. Magnetic local time, Dst, Kp, solar wind dynamic pressure, AE, and solar wind velocity were found to perform as predicative indicators of GOES-15 flux and therefore were used as the exogenous inputs. The NARX-derived upper boundary condition scaling factor was used in conjunction with the Versatile Electron Radiation Belt (VERB) code to produce reconstructions of the radiation belts during the period of July-November 1990, independent of in-situ observations. Here, Kp was chosen as the sole exogenous input to be more compatible with the VERB code. This Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite-era reconstruction showcases the potential to use these neural network-derived boundary conditions as a method of hindcasting the historical radiation belts. This study serves as a companion paper to another recently published study on reconstructing the radiation belts during Solar Cycles 17-24 (Saikin et al., 2021, ), for which the results featured in this paper were used.
KW  - radiation belts
KW  - forecasting (1922, 4315, 7924, 7964)
KW  - machine learning (0555)
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1029/2021SW002774
SN  - 1542-7390
VL  - 20
IS  - 5
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lescesen, Igor
A1  - Sraj, Mojca
A1  - Basarin, Biljana
A1  - Pavic, Dragoslav
A1  - Mesaros, Minucer
A1  - Mudelsee, Manfred
T1  - Regional flood frequency analysis of the sava river in south-eastern Europe
JF  - Sustainability
N2  - Regional flood frequency analysis (RFFA) is a powerful method for interrogating hydrological series since it combines observational time series from several sites within a region to estimate risk-relevant statistical parameters with higher accuracy than from single-site series. Since RFFA extreme value estimates depend on the shape of the selected distribution of the data-generating stochastic process, there is need for a suitable goodness-of-distributional-fit measure in order to optimally utilize given data. Here we present a novel, least-squares-based measure to select the optimal fit from a set of five distributions, namely Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), Generalized Logistic, Gumbel, Log-Normal Type III and Log-Pearson Type III. The fit metric is applied to annual maximum discharge series from six hydrological stations along the Sava River in South-eastern Europe, spanning the years 1961 to 2020. Results reveal that (1) the Sava River basin can be assessed as hydrologically homogeneous and (2) the GEV distribution provides typically the best fit. We offer hydrological-meteorological insights into the differences among the six stations. For the period studied, almost all stations exhibit statistically insignificant trends, which renders the conclusions about flood risk as relevant for hydrological sciences and the design of regional flood protection infrastructure.
KW  - discharge time series
KW  - flood risk analysis
KW  - Generalized Extreme Value distribution
KW  - L-moments estimation
KW  - regional flood frequency analysis
KW  - Sava River
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159282
SN  - 2071-1050
VL  - 14
IS  - 15
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ramachandran, Srikanthan
A1  - Rupakheti, Maheswar
A1  - Cherian, R.
A1  - Lawrence, Mark
T1  - Climate Benefits of Cleaner Energy Transitions in East and South Asia Through Black Carbon Reduction
JF  - Frontiers in environmental science
N2  - The state of air pollution has historically been tightly linked to how we produce and use energy. Air pollutant emissions over Asia are now changing rapidly due to cleaner energy transitions; however, magnitudes of benefits for climate and air quality remain poorly quantified. The associated risks involve adverse health impacts, reduced agricultural yields, reduced freshwater availability, contributions to climate change, and economic costs. We focus particularly on climate benefits of energy transitions by making first-time use of two decades of high quality observations of atmospheric loading of light-absorbing black carbon (BC) over Kanpur (South Asia) and Beijing (East Asia) and relating these observations to changing energy, emissions, and economic trends in India and China. Our analysis reveals that absorption aerosol optical depth (AAOD) due to BC has decreased substantially, by 40% over Kanpur and 60% over Beijing between 2001 and 2017, and thus became decoupled from regional economic growth. Furthermore, the resultant decrease in BC emissions and BC AAOD over Asia is regionally coherent and occurs primarily due to transitions into cleaner energies (both renewables and fossil fuels) and not due to the decrease in primary energy supply or decrease in use of fossil use and biofuels and waste. Model simulations show that BC aerosols alone contribute about half of the surface temperature change (warming) of the total forcing due to greenhouse gases, natural and internal variability, and aerosols, thus clearly revealing the climate benefits due to a reduction in BC emissions, which would significantly reduce global warming. However, this modeling study excludes responses from natural variability, circulation, and sea ice responses, which cause relatively strong temperature fluctuations that may mask signals from BC aerosols. Our findings show additional benefits for climate (beyond benefits of CO2 reduction) and for several other issues of sustainability over South and East Asia, provide motivation for ongoing cleaner energy production, and consumption transitions, especially when they are associated with reduced emissions of air pollutants. Such an analysis connecting the trends in energy transitions and aerosol absorption loading, unavailable so far, is crucial for simulating the aerosol climate impacts over Asia which is quite uncertain.
KW  - cleaner energy transitions
KW  - Asia
KW  - air pollution
KW  - black carbon
KW  - climate benefits
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.842319
SN  - 2296-665X
VL  - 10
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tiberius, Victor
A1  - Weyland, Michael
T1  - Enhancing higher entrepreneurship education: insights from practitioners for curriculum improvement
JF  - The International journal of Management Education
N2  - Curricula for higher entrepreneurship education should meet the requirements of both a solid theoretical foundation and a practical orientation. When these curricula are designed by education specialists, entrepreneurs are usually not consulted. To explore practitioners’ curricular recommendations, we conducted 73 semi-structured interviews with entrepreneurs with at least five years of professional experience. We collected 49 items for teaching and learning objectives, 37 for contents, 28 for teaching methods, and 17 for assessment methods. The respondents are convinced that students should acquire solid knowledge in business and management, legal issues, and entrepreneurship. For the latter, only some core aspects are provided. The entrepreneurs put greater emphasis on entrepreneurial skills and attitudes and consider experiential learning designs as most suitable, both in the secure setting of the classroom and in real life. The findings can help reflect on current entrepreneurship curriculum designs.
KW  - curriculum design
KW  - curriculum development
KW  - entrepreneurship education
Y1  - 2024
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2024.100981
SN  - 1472-8117
SN  - 2352-3565
VL  - 22
IS  - 2
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
ED  - Girnus, Luisa
ED  - Panreck, Isabelle-Christine
ED  - Partetzke, Marc
T1  - Schnittpunkt Politische Bildung
T3  - Politische Bildung
Y1  - 2023
SN  - 978-3-658-40121-4
SN  - 978-3-658-40122-1
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-40122-1
PB  - Springer VS
CY  - Wiesbaden
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Girnus, Luisa
A1  - Panreck, Isabelle-Christine
A1  - Partetzke, Marc
ED  - Girnus, Luisa
ED  - Panreck, Isabelle-Christine
ED  - Partetzke, Marc
T1  - Politische Bildung in Kontakt
T2  - Schnittpunkt Politische Bildung
N2  - „Die Gefahr eines Blackouts ist gegeben“ gab der Vorsitzende des Deutschen Städte- und Gemeindebundes (DStGB), Gerd Landsberg, am 15. September 2022 in einem Interview mit der Welt am Sonntag bekannt. Diese Diagnose – hier bezogen auf mögliche Engpässe in der Energieversorgung im Winter 2022/23, die durch den kriegerischen Angriff Russlands auf die Ukraine zu drohen scheinen – reiht sich einer weiteren Perle gleich in die lange Kette unzähliger Krisendiagnosen der letzten Dekade ein, angesichts derer sich zunehmend der Eindruck einstellen muss, die Krise sei so etwas wie der neue Normalzustand. So ist seit etwas mehr als zehn Jahren die Klimakrise in aller Munde, die letzten drei Jahre wurden von der Corona-Krise dominiert, eine Energiekrise steht möglicherweise unmittelbar bevor.
Y1  - 2023
SN  - 978-3-658-40121-4
SN  - 978-3-658-40122-1
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-40122-1_1
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
PB  - Springer VS
CY  - Wiesbaden
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Girnus, Luisa
ED  - Deichmann, Carl
ED  - Partetzke, Marc
T1  - Offen für Gründe – Welcher demokratische Anspruch ist an politische Urteile zu stellen?
T2  - Demokratie im Stresstest
N2  - Demokratie und politische Bildung stehen in einem sich zugewandten Verhältnis. Doch folgt daraus, dass politische Urteile stets demokratisch sein müssen? Der Beitrag diskutiert diese Frage vor dem Hintergrund der derzeitigen Debatte um antidemokratische Bewegungen in der Gesellschaft, der Rolle politischer Bildung als Förderin von Demokratie und der individuellen Herausforderung für Lehrpersonen in der Unterrichtspraxis.
KW  - politische Urteilsbildung
KW  - Emanzipation
KW  - Demokratieförderung
KW  - Lehrkompetenz
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-658-33076-7
SN  - 978-3-658-33077-4
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-33077-4_9
SP  - 147
EP  - 163
PB  - Springer VS
CY  - Wiesbaden
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Girnus, Luisa
ED  - Vetter, Eva
ED  - Lange, Dirk
ED  - Wegner, Anke
T1  - Europabildung als Dialog über politische Werte
T2  - Europa denken, kommunizieren und erfahren
Y1  - 2021
UR  - https://elibrary.utb.de/doi/book/10.46499/9783734412790
SN  - 978-3-7344-1278-3
SN  - 978-3-7344-1279-0
SP  - 34
EP  - 54
PB  - Wochenschau Verlag
CY  - Frankfurt/M.
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Girnus, Luisa
ED  - Weißeno, Georg
ED  - Ziegler, Béatrice
T1  - Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse
T2  - Handbuch Geschichts- und Politikdidaktik
N2  - Die qualitative Inhaltsanalyse dient als Auswertungsinstrument für Textmaterial, kann aber auch für die Analyse von Ton- und Bildmaterial genutzt werden. Anders als die quantitative Inhaltsanalyse zielt sie darauf ab, dem Material auch Informationen zu entnehmen, auf die ausschließlich interpretativ geschlossen werden kann. Die qualitative Inhaltsanalyse knüpft an die hermeneutische Tradition des Verstehens an. Der Verstehensprozess wird jedoch in einen vordefinierten, theorie- und regelgeleiteten Forschungsablauf gebettet, um dem wissenschaftlichen Anspruch an Systematik und Intersubjektivität nachzukommen.
KW  - Auswertung
KW  - qualitative Daten
KW  - Kategorienbildung
KW  - computerunterstütze Datenanalyse
KW  - Inhaltsanalyse
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-658-29673-5
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29673-5_28-1
N1  - Teil eines "Living reference work entry"
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
PB  - Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
CY  - Wiesbaden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Marwan, Norbert
T1  - Challenges and perspectives in recurrence analyses of event time series
JF  - Frontiers in applied mathematics and statistics
N2  - The analysis of event time series is in general challenging. Most time series analysis tools are limited for the analysis of this kind of data. Recurrence analysis, a powerful concept from nonlinear time series analysis, provides several opportunities to work with event data and even for the most challenging task of comparing event time series with continuous time series. Here, the basic concept is introduced, the challenges are discussed, and the future perspectives are summarized.
KW  - event time series
KW  - extreme events
KW  - recurrence analysis
KW  - edit distance
KW  - synchronization
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fams.2023.1129105
SN  - 2297-4687
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Media
CY  - Lausanne
ER  -